FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

BFF2821 MECHANICS LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO:
EXPERIMENT NAME:
SUBMISSION DATE:
SESSION NUMBER:
GROUP NUMBER:

12
IMPACT TEST
22 NOVEMBER 2016
01 P
4
GROUP MEMBERS

NAME
NUR SYAMIZA BINTI ZAMRI
SAMSIAH BINTI SUAILY
NIK NURHARYANTIE BINTI NIK MOHD KAMIL

LAB INSTRUCTOR
MR AIDIL SHAFIZA

ID
FA 14030
FA 14031
FA 14115

TABLE OF CONTENTS
No.

Contents

Page

Aim

Objectives

Introduction

Apparatus and Procedure

4-5

4.1 Apparatus
4.2 Procedure

Result and Calculation

5-9

Discussion

10

Conclusion

10

References

10

Rubrics

11

1.0

AIM
To gather convincing evidence that total system momentum is conserved in an
elastic collision between two carts and describe how the evidence support the

2.0

OBJECTIVE
To calculate the elastic and inelastic qualities of collision as well as conserved

3.0

law of momentum.
Demonstration of collision behavior for elastic and inelastic type.

energy.
The momentum of the carts would be conserved before and after collision.

INTRODUCTION
The abrupt change in path of a moving body (or bodies) due to its interaction with

other body (or bodies) is called collision. The magnitude and direction of the velocity of the
colliding bodies may change in a collision. The force involved in collision acts only for a
very short period of time. We come across many examples of collision daily. The coins of a
carom game colliding with one another or collision between vehicles in road are examples of
collision. The Conservation Laws that are applied here are the Law of Conservation of Linear
Momentum which is total linear momentum of a system of a particle is conserved if there is
no external force acting on the system. Besides, the total linear momentum before collision is
equal to total linear momentum after collision, if no external force acts on the system. In
physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system
remains constantit is said to be conserved over time.[1] Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another. There are two types of collision
which are elastic collision and inelastic collision. So that, elastic collision can be defined that
the type of collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy of the system are
conserved. The collision between subatomic particles is generally elastic. The collision
between two steel or glass balls is nearly elastic. In elastic collision, the forces involving are
conservative in nature. Inelastic collisions may not conserve kinetic energy, but they do obey
conservation of momentum.[2]Most of the collisions in our daily life are application of
inelastic nature.
3

4.0

APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE

4.1

APPARATUS

1 Sensor-CASSY
1 CASSY Lab 2
1 Timer box or Timer S
1 Track
2 Trolleys
1 Pair of additional weights
1 Impact spring for trolley
2 Combination light barriers
2 Multi-core cables, 6 pole, 1.5m
1 PC with Windows XP/Vista/7
Alternatively (with linear air track)
1 Sensor-CASSY
1 CASSY Lab 2
1 Timer box or Timer S
1 Linear air track
1 Track support
1 Air supply
1 Power controller
2 Forked light barriers
2 Multi-core cables, 6 pole, 1.5m
1 PC with Windows XP/Vista/7

524 010 or 524 013

524 220
524 034 or 524 074
337 130
337 110
337 114
337 112
337 462
501 16
524 010 or 524 013
524 220
524 034 or 524 074
337 501
337 45
337 53
667 823
337 46
501 16

4.2 PROCEDURE
Load settings
1. Enter masses
m1

and

m2

m1

and

m2

in the table (activate keyboard input in the cells beneath

with the mouse.

2. Enter the trolley arrangement before collision in relation to light barriers E and F (settings
v 1, v 2, v 1' v 2' . There are four different arrangement.

Both trolleys outside of light barriers.

Left trolley between light barriers, right trolley outside.
Right trolley between light barriers, left trolleys outside.
Both trolleys inside (explosion).

'
'
3. Enter the flag width (also in settings v 1, v 2, v 1 v 2

4. Initiate the collision (if velocities are displayed before the collision, you can clear these
with 0 ) and watch to make sure that the light barriers do not register any extra pulses
(e.g due to reflection of a trolley at the end of the track).
5. Terminate the measurement with End of Collision (the measurement is terminated
automatically after four measured velocities).
6. Transfer the measured values to the table for evaluation with timer or initialize the next
measurement with 0 .

5.0

RESULTS AND CALCULATION

5.1

ELASTIC COLLISION
Using the formula below to find the theoretical velocity after collision :

[3]

V1= [2m2V2+ (m1-m2)V1]/ (m1+ m2)

V2= [2m1V1+ (m2-m1)V1]/ (m1+ m2)

TABLE 1 : APPROACHING EACH OTHER

Mass,kg
M1

M2

Velocity Before
Collision, m/s
V1
V2

Velocity After Collision, m/s

From

From
5

From

From theoretical

0.137

0.193

0.005

-0.688

experiment
V1
-0.010

theoretical
V1
-0.807

experiment
V2
0.455

V2
-0.114

Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(-0.688)+ (0.137-0.193)(0.005)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.807 m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0.005)+ (0.193-0.137)(-0.688)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.114 m/s

TABLE 2 : TROLLEY 1 AT REST

Mass,kg

Velocity

Velocity After Collision, m/s

Before
M1

0.137

M2

0.193

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

-0.951

From

From

From

From theoretical

experiment
V1
-0.758

theoretical
V1
-1.112

experiment
V2
-0.226

V2
-0.161

Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(-0.951)+ (0.137-0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -1.112m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0)+ (0.193-0.137)(-0.951)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.161 m/s

TABLE 3 : TROLLEY 2 AT REST

Mass,kg

Velocity

Velocity After Collision, m/s

Before
M1

0.137

M2

0.193

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

2.159

From

From

From

From theoretical

experiment
V1
0.138

theoretical
V1
-0.366

experiment
V2
1.441

V2
1.793

Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(0)+ (0.137-0.193)(2.159)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.366m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(2.159)+ (0.193-0.137)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 1.793 m/s

TABLE 4 : EXPLOSION
Mass,kg

Velocity Before Velocity After Collision, m/s

M1

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

From

From

From

From theoritical

experiment
V1
-0.084

theoritical
V1
0

experiment
V2
0.073

V2
0

M2

0.137

0.193

Calculation :
V1= [2(0.193)(0)+ (0.137-0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s
V2= [2(0.137)(0)+ (0.193-0.137)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s
5.2

INELASTIC COLLISION
Using the formula below to find the theoretical velocity after collision

V1= V2 = [m1V1+ m2V2]/ (m1+ m2)

TABLE 5 : APPROACHING EACH OTHER
Mass,kg

Velocity Before Velocity After Collision, m/s

M1

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

From

From

From

From theoritical

1.861

experiment
V1
-0.742

theoretical
V1
0.124

experiment
V2
-0.401

V2
0.124

0.137

M2

0.193

-1.107

Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(1.861)+ (0.193)(-1.107)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0.124 m/s

TABLE 6 : TROLLEY 1 AT REST

Mass,kg
M1

Velocity Before
Collision, m/s
V1
V2

M2

0.137

Velocity After Collision, m/s

0.193

-1.3

From

From

From

From theoritical

experiment
V1
-0.796

theoritical
V1
-0.760

experiment
V2
-0.204

V2
-0.760

Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0)+ (0.193)(-1.3)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = -0.760 m/s

TABLE 7 : TROLLEY 2 AT REST

Mass,kg

Velocity

Velocity After Collision, m/s

Before
M1

M2

0.137

0.193

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

0.841

From

From

From

From theoretical

experiment
V1
0.232

theoretical
V1
0.349

experiment
V2
0.593

V2
0.349

Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0.841)+ (0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0.349 m/s

TABLE 8 : EXPLOSION
Mass,kg

Velocity

Velocity After Collision, m/s

Before
8

M1

0.137

M2

0.193

Collision, m/s
V1
V2

From

From

From

From theoretical

experiment
V1
-0.050

theoretical
V1
0

experiment
V2
0.306

V2
0

Calculation :
V1= V2 = [(0.137)(0)+ (0.193)(0)]/ (0.137+ 0.193) = 0 m/s

6.0

DISCUSSION

-Equipment error occur due to the old equipment in our lab , the track is not balance and
cause the different in velocity for each trial even we use the same mass and speed of air .
- Besides , should be the block is in the air due to the blowing of air , but it still move in the
track and cause the friction on the block .
- Other than that , during the experiment , the block is not perfect enough because some of the
part are broke , so that we use alternative by connect it with maskintape to make it become
normal even there will be shaking , but it is in control .
7.0

CONCLUSION

From this experiment , we can conclude that elastic collision conserved momentum and
kinetic energy . This is because , velocity before and after almost same , but a little bit
difference due to the error state in discussion . Besides , inelastic collision not conserve
kinetic energy but conserve the momentum . The velocity before and after is diferent .
8.0

REFERENCES

1) Richard Feynman (1970). The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol I. Addison

Wesley Longman. ISBN 978-0-201-02115-8.
9

2) Ferdinand Beer, Jr. and E. Russell Johnston (1996). Vector equations for
engineers:

Dynamics

(Sixth

ed.).

McGraw

Hill.

pp. 794797.

ISBN 978-

0070053663.

3) Craver, William E. "Elastic Collisions." Williamecraver.wix.com. Wix.com, 13 Aug. 2013.

Web. 13 Aug. 2013. <http://williamecraver.wix.com/elastic-equations>.

9.0

RUBRICS

Report
Elements

MARKS
GIVEN

RATINGS (MARK)
3

Openended lab
elements
practice

Design own
method of
experiments to
achieve the
objectives
(independent of
lab sheet)

Show one or
more elements
of open-ended
method but still
dependent on
lab sheet

Totally
dependent on
lab sheet
methods

Result
and
findings

Results are
correct and
presented in
appropriate
tools with
elements of lab
sheet
independence

Results are
correct and
presented
totally as
guided by lab
sheet

Results are
partially
correct

Comprehensive
analysis on the
results and
theory by

Discussion
points only
focusing on
question in lab

Discussio
n

10

An incomplete
discussion and
poor analysis

adding
additional
discussion
points other
than specified
in lab sheet

Conclusio
n&
Reference

Report
Presentat
ion

sheet

Conclude with
the relation of
experiment to
the objectives
and clearly
state the
reference

Conclusion not
accurately
relate with the
objective.
Reference
stated

Conclusion not
accurately
relate with the
objective. No
Reference
stated

Beyond ordinary
presentation
with additional
material from
multiple sources
of reference,
consistent
formatting, and
well structured.

Ordinary
presentation
report with
most of
materials
depends on lab
sheet.

Poor
presentation
format and
structure. Very
less effort in
preparing the
report
TOTAL:

11