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(095)285-88-07,285-88-80,285-88-95
Telle<l>aKc:
(095) 285-16-87

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npVlBena K TOMy, YTO Boopy:+::eHHble ClI1flbl pa3-

nporpaMMy YBenVlyeHlI1fl YlI1Cfl8HHOCTlI1 6pVl-

BlI1Bam1Cb KaK 6bl nO-II1H8pl.l,vH1, Ha OCHoa8

TaHCK"X BBC C 42 AO 83 3CKaAP"n"~. OAHa-

X0T11 MllOrOll,eJ1CBOH )l,ByxMOTOpHHK <,X3PPOy" Mor

crn,c

B TC-

'leHHC )1,0)H'01'0 BpeJ\JeHH npUlUCH.JITbClI B KaqeerBC JlCTaIOIu,CH KOJlOHHaJIbHOH +KaHOHcpKH", 1I0,ll,1Ul CBponCHCKoro

TB)J.

0>1

ycrapeJl y",e

>la'lany 30-x

'T.

~I""

BO~He.

E)J;Ba ITOllBHBWUCh B CTpOeBhIX '1acrllX, BepTI<He .rJl3JJ;uaTophl' HeCMOTllJl Ha nOJIOCHTeJIhHWC OT3h1BM ITUJlOTOB, 6hlCTpO ycrapeJIU U
BCKOpe Ha'l3JIU BhlTeCHJlThCJI .XappUKeHHaMH'

OT

6~3HEC-KAACCA,

OBbl~ CKOPOCTHO~ oOMOapA"pOBl11"K


sen CBOIO pOAocnoBHylO aT nerKoro

Ba11CSI

K KAACCY
Ha

Me)KAyHapoAHoM

60M6APA~POBLU~KOB
napl.1)1(CKOM

n8pb np8ACTOfUlO n011yYl.1Tb CepTl.1cPl.1KaT 11eT-

MoneTa, cnpOeKTl.1pOBaHHoro ao BTOPO~ no-

53pHY3nn yMeHbW"n BblCOTY q,103enH>Ka "

nOB "He 1933 r. rnaBHblM KOHCTpyKTOpOM


QmpMbl .5p"CTOnb CllP3HKOM 53pHY3nnoM.

COKp8TI.1n 41.1Cll0 naCCIDKl.1pOB AO WeCT&.1llell0-

PblHOK a T8 rOAbi a OCHoaHOM 6b111 Hacblw,8H

llLilKa OH ysem1llHll AanbHOCTb n0118Ta 3a C4eT

HO~ rOAHocm. C 3TO~ L1enblO 5p"cTonb 142B "lOne 1935 r. np"Obln B neTHO-"cnblTaTenbHbl~ L1eHTp KopOneBCK"X BBC, pacnonaraBW"~CH B MapTnWeM-X"3. OH, 0YAY""
Y"CTO rpa>KAaHCKO~ MaW"HO~ (OOpTOBO"
KOA G-ADCl" HOMep R-12), no MaKC"Manb-

61.1nnaHaMI.1 1.1 yrfloBaTblMI.1 MOHonnaHaMI.1-

AonOnH&.1TellbHOrO 3anaca TOnllLilBa. MOAenb


C MOTOP8MI.1 -AKSI.111a TalOKe 6b1na nepenpo-

HO npl.1HSnbl~ Ha sOOPY)KeHI.18 I.1CTp861.1Teflb~

AByXMoTopHoro naCCa)l(l.1pCKOrO ca-

napaconb, TeXHI.11..leCKI.18 xapaKTepV1CTI.1KV1

aSt.1aCallOHe.

~To6b1 YllyYWVlTb CKOpocTHbie Ka4eCTBa,

BeK. OAHoBpeMeHHo no TpeOOBaH"1O 3aKa3-

HO~ CKOpOCTI.1 Ha 85 KM/I..l npeSblCYl11 HeAaB~

eKTvtpOBaHa, nOClle 4ero CTalla H83blsaTbCfI


.. 6PI.1CT011b 143. 103ells:1)K ee OCTallCSI BOCb-

O"nnaH .rnaA"aTop-!

MI.1MeCTHbiM 1.1 nOToMy 6b1n HeCKOJlbKO npo-

142' B KayeCTBe cpeAHero oOMOapA"poB'

)K8HHblM KpblnOM, paCCl..ll.1TaHHblH Ha nepe-

cTOpHee. Ooa Bap"aHTa YAanocb yH"q,"L1"pOBaTb np"On"3"TenbHO Ha 70%.


B TO BpeMH KaK "T"n 142. CTpO"nCH B Ka-

L1"". B Mae 1935 r. HayanbH"K wTaoa Kopo


neBCK"X BBC 3anpOC"n KOMnaH"1O .5p~

B03KY BOCbMI.1 naCCa)l(I.1pOB 1.1 3Kl.1na)K \.13 ABYX

lleCTBe 41.1CTO rpa>KAaHCKOC1 MaWI.1HbI, y MO-

CTOflb 0 S03MO)KHOCTIII nOCTaSKvt caMOneTOB

n\l1nOTOB. YT06b1 npeB3o!i;TI.1 KOHKypeHToB,

A811V1 -6PI.1CTOllb 143 nOs:lBl.1nl.1Cb nOTeHU\.1-

3Toro Tlllna a -3HalllllT8flbHblX KOfll.1l..leCTBax ...

63pHY3nn Bocn011b30SanCs:l HOBweCTBaM&.1 B

anbHble 3aKa3Y"K" B BoeHHO~ q,opMe. B Hayane 1935 r. q,"HCKOe npaB"TenbCTBO Ha4a-

Y3Haa 0 TaKo\:1 3a&.1HTep8CoaaHHOCTI.1, nOPA

6blll1.1 UellbHOM8TaJll1l-1lleCKas:l KOHCTpyKlI,V1S1 C

110 neperOBopbl 0 3aKynKe A8Bs:lTI.1 MHoroue-

T811bCTBY 1.1 B 1.110118 1935 r. I.1cnblTaHYlSl -6pl.1-

KnenaHHO~ pa60TatOw,e~ 06WLt1BK0C1 1.1 y61.1-

118BblX BoeHHblX caMOlleTOB Tl.1n 143F C

palOl11eeCH waCC".

MOTOpaM" "MepKYP"~ VI-52. f13IOM"HKO~

CTOllb 142", nonYllVlBw8ro on03HaaaTeJ1bHble 3HaKVI KoponeacKVlx BBe VI HOMep

KOTOpblX 6b1nl.1 BeCbMa nocpeACTB8HHblMVI.


B ycnoBI.1S1X OCTPO~ KOHKypeHlI,l.1V1 rflaBHblH
KOHCTpyKTOp CAenan cTaBKy Ha BblCOKl.1e neTHble AaHHble caMon8Ta V1 Bbl6pall Bapl.1aHT
ASYXMoTopHoro MOHonnaHa C Hl.13KOpaCnono-

CaMOJleTOCTpOeH\.1V1, OCHOBHblMI.1 1.13 KOTOpblX

nepcneKTI.1BY IIIcnOflb30BaTb 6PIIICT0l1b


L1.\I.1Ka He I.1CKfllOllam1 B MIIIHIIICTepCTse aSlo1a-

POTepM"p nOAap"n 5p"TH ClleCT npaB"-

B Ka4eCTBe CVlll0BO!i; yCTaHosKI.1 BHal..lane

&.1X KOHCTpyKlJ,l.11-1 AOll>KHb/ 6b1111.1 CTaTb CMeH-

K7557, Obln" npOAOn>KeHbl. B XOAe noneTOB

np8AnOllarall0Cb I-1cnOllb30saTb 3Be3Ao06-

Hble HOCOBbl8 \.1 XBOCTOBbie CeKlI,1.11-1 cPlO3ells:1-

OH npoAeMoHcTpl.1poaan npeKpacHble AaH-

pa3Hbie ABlt1raTenV1 B03AYWHoro OXlla)K,ll,e-

>t<a. npeAnOllarall0Cb, 4TO 3TOT ABynLilK&.1C'1

H~H AKB"na (Aquila) MOl11HOCTblO no 500

Hble: C nonHO~ HarpY3Koi1 npl.1 a3neTHo~


Macce 4248 Kr ero MaKCI.1ManbHaSl CKOpOCTb

n.C. Ka>KAbl~. OH" pa3paoaTblBan"Cb q,"PMO~ 5p"cTonb 3H>K"H KOMnaH" (Bristol


Engine Company) nOA pyKOBOAcTBOM POR

SlHyC' OYAeT "MeTb B "CTpeO"TenbHO-OOMoapA"pOBOYHOM Bap"aHTe B HOCOBO~ Typen~ 23-MM aBTOMaT"4ecKylO nywKy MaAceH (Madsen), (nyYWaH B TO BpeMH), a B

<t>eAJ,eHa. npoeKT MaWI-1Hb/ nonylll.111I-1HAeKc

XBOCTOBOC1 -

7,71-MM nyneMer -nblOl;1ClO

60eBo~ caMoneT OKa3anOCb He TaK y>t< TPYA-

.5p"CTOnb 135. Ee paCyeTHaR MaKC"ManbHaH


CKOpOCTb Aon>KHa oblna COCTaB"Tb 288 KM!Y.

HO. Ha"OOnbWe~ nepeAenKe nOABeprc.


L1eHTponnaH: YTOOb' OCBOOOA"Tb MeCTO nOA

OAHaKo MOTOpOCTp0I-1T811Li1 He ycnelll;1 CBoe-

(Lewis). Ha Hapy>KHblX oOMOOAep>KaTenRX


MaW"Ha Aon>KHa oblna HeCT" AD 600 Kr
OOMO. TpaHcnopTHbl~ Bap"aHT npeAHa3Ha-

speMeHHO nOArOTOBI.1Tb "ABI.1)KK&.1 1-1 BO 1-13-

llallCfI A11S1 nepeB03KI.1 BOCbMI.1 nacca)t(&.1pOB

-nOAHSlTb Kpblno, TP8HCepopM\.1POa8B H1.13-

Oe>KaH"e 3aAep>KK" B MapTe 1934 r. pa3pa-

"n" 700 Kr rpY3a. no pe3ynbTaTaM 3Kcnnya-

COCTaB"na 459 KM!Y, a HeHarpy>KeHHOrO AD 494 KM/Y'


npeapaTVlTb a03AywHbli1 m1MY3V1H" B

60M600TceK,

KOHCTpYKTopaM

np\.1WnOCb

Konn8H B cpeAHen11aH. 6blno YBen\.1lleHO no

6aTblBa8TcSI anbTepHaTI.1BHbll;1 Bapl.1aHT -

TaL1"" q,"HCKOe pyKOBOAcTBO coO"panocb

P83M8XY \.1 no nnow,aAVI XBOCTOBoe rOp\.130H-

5p"CTOnb 142- C AByMH MOTOpaM" B03AywHoro OXna>KAeH"H MepKYP"~ VI


(Mercury VI) MOl11HOCTblO no 640 n.C. OH
npeAHa3HayanCH AnH nOPAa POTepM"pa,

paccMoTpeTb Bonpoc a npV106peTeHI.1I-1 111.1u,eH3Li1I.1 Ha Lt1X npOYl3BOACTBO. HeCMOTps:l Ha

Tal1bHoe OnepeH\.1e, KOTopoe T3K>Ke cnerKa


-CAaI.1Hym1 aaepx, llT06b1 BblaeCT\.1 ero 1.13

Ae~l1l.1

B11aAellbll,a

110HAOHCK0C1

ra3eTbI

Me~Jll>, KOTOPblC'1 peWLi1fl npoAeMoHcTplt1pO-

3aMaH41.1BOCTb np08KTa, MOA8nb 143Fll OC-

a03Myw,eHHoro KpblnOM B03AYWHoro nOTO-

Tal1aCb Ha CTa.o.&.1V1 HaTypHoro MaKera, T.K.

Ka. AnSI 3aw,I.1TbI OT VlcTpe6V1Tene~ a XBOCTO~

np"Op"TeT obln oTAaH HY>KAaM KoponeBCK"X BBC. Ho Bce >Ke 3TO obln nepBbl~ 3C-

aoC; ceKUvtl.1 cPlO3ens:l>K3 CMOHH1pOaanl.1 nonYYO"paeMylO Typenb C 7,71'MM nYneMe.


TOM .JlblO"C, OTpaooTaHHylO el11e Ha 143-"

BaTb sceMy MI.1Py B03MO)KHOCTI.1 Ben1.1K06-

KI.13HbI~

pV1TaHV11.1 B CTp0&.1TellbCTS8 cospeMeHHblx

AaHcKo~ MaWI.1HbI.

npoeKT 60esoro Bapl.1aHTa rpa)t(-

MOAe11I.1, 8 aTOpo~ nyneMeT Taro >t<e K3n1l16-

rpa>t<A8HcKI.1X caM011eTOS. npeCTV1)KHbl(;; 06-

12 anpenH 1935 c mn 142 BnepBble nOA-

pa 5payH"Hr FN (Brauning FN) yCTaHOB"-

pa3eL1 obln HeOOXOA"M eMy " AM CKOpOCT-

HfincSI B B03AYX C 3aBOACKoro a3pOAPOMa a

11&.1 B Tonw,8 n8a0l;1 KOHC011I.1. BOT co6CTBeH-

HblX nepeneTOB 1.13 OAHO~ eBponeli!cKo!i; CTO-

V111ToHe. nOHal..laJlY B XOAe nepBblx nOlleTOB OH

HO 1.1 Bce OCHoaHbl8 1.13MeHeHI.1S1, aH8C8HHble

n"L1bl B APyrylO. CllaKT"YeCK" 53pHY3nn pa3-

&.1cnbiTblBa11CSI C 1..l8TblpeXllonacTHblMVI AepeBSlHHblMI.1 BI.1HTaMI.1 nOCTOSlHHoro wara, KOTO-

B KOHCTpyKL1"1O 142-~ MOAen".


npOeKT 142M nocne OOCY>KAeH"H B A"-

pa60Tall He 06blllHbl~ naCCa)KV1pCKL.1(;; a3ponllaH, a nepBbI!i; S CBoeM Kllacce -caMoneT

pble 6b1JlI.1 nOA06paHbI AJls:I AOCTI.1>KeHI.1s:l Hal.1-

MOTOpaMI.1 -MepKy-

6011bwe~ CKOpocT&.1 1.1 He 06ecnelll.1BaJll-1 OnTII1-

MaR 1935 r. obln oAoopeH. KOHCTpyKTOpbl He

VI no paC48TaM KOHCTpyKTOpOB OH Mor


pa3B"Tb CKOpOCTb AD 336 KM!Y Ha BblCOTe
2000 M. B "IOHe 1934 r. 3aKa3Y"K BHec no-

MallbHblX B3neTHO-nOC8,A04HblX xapaKTepl.1CTI.1K. BnOClleACTBI..U1 &.1X 3aMeHI.1111.1 Ha TpeXllO-

Teps:lnl.1 HaAe>KAY YCTaHOB\.1Tb Ha MaWI.1HY "


nepCneKTI.1BHble ABl.1raTenl.1 -AKBl.1na", o6na-

naCTHbl8 AByxwarOBble nponennepbl .. raMl.1nb-

AaBWl.1e 60nbwe~ 3KOHOMI.1llHOCTblO 1.1 I.1M8S-

Allf1 6&.13HeCMeHOB.
p&.1C1

1l0BI.1HY cornacosaHHoC'1 CyMMbl, S KOTOpylO


OL1eH~BanaCb

onblTHaR MaW"Ha (18500


q,yHTOB CTepn"HroB). A neTOM 1935 r. MaKeT
caMoneTa 5p"cTonb 135 AeMOHCTp"PO-

B 4:HClIe ,ll,pyrHX
BBC

Becnon

TOH CTaHAaPT (Hamilton 5tandart). rOPA"BW"~CH CBO~M np"OOpeTeH"eM nOPA POTepMl.1p npI.1CB0I-111 caMollery I.1Ms:l 5PIo1TH et>eCTlO

(Britain First - 5p"TaHcK"~ nepBbl~')' Te-

HOBeH.1UHX CaMO}H~TOB, .6pHCTOJIb

1935

142. 6blJ1

peKTopaTe TeXHVllleCKI.1X pa3pa60TOK B KOHlJ,e

wl.1e rl.1J1b30BOe pacnpeAen8Hl.1e, B OTJH1lll.1e


OT 30nOTHI.1KOBOrO, KOTOpblM 6blJll.1 oCHaw,8-

Hbl MOTOpbl MapK" .MepKYP"~ VI-52-. no


paCyeTaM cneL1"an"CTOB .5p"cTonb 3~p

npO,ll,eMoHCTpHpoBaH BbIcIIleMY KOMaH,ll,OB3IfHIO KopOneBCKJfX

r H3 aBHa6a3e B X3H,lJ,OHe. nOKa CalUOJleT qHClIHTCJllJHCTO rpa)t(JJ,aHCKOH: MalUHHOH H HeceT COOTBeTCTBytO

11.1,)'10 l\IapKHpoBk1' (JleBbl" CHHMOK). MbTepHaTHBHbIH npoeKT .lipHCTOJlb


MOAeJlH H 6b1J1 C HHH YHHcjJHI.\HPOB3H npH6JIH3HTeJlbHO H3

143. HMeJI

70% (np3BblH CHHMOK).

He3Ha1.JHTeJIbHbIe OTJlHlJHJI 0'1'

142-"

na~H KOMnaHII1 111 CTparerOB 1113 Ya~TxoIlIla,

paA~YC Ae~CTB~" HOBoro 60M6apA~pOBllI~


Ka, OCHaUJ,eHHOrO 3TII1MlIl MOTOpaMII1, C Yl.leTOM 4aCOBoro a3pOHaBII1ralJ,1I10HHOrO 3anaCa
roplO~ero AOIl:+:.eH 6blIl paBH51TbC51 He MeHee

1100

KM! 3ro n03BOIlIl1110

6b!

B cllY4ae B03-

HlIlKHOBeHlIl51 KPlll3l1lCHbiX clIlTyalJ,lIl~ "AOCTa-

BaTb

60M6apA~pOB04HblM~ YAapaM~

npaK-

n1~eCKl-1 11Io60~ 1113 06beKTOB lleHTpaIlbHol:1

Eaponbl, BKIlI04a51 5epmtH!


OAHaKO B pe3YIlbTaTe npOVl3BeAeHHblX 1113MeHeHVI~ o6w,a51 Macca KOHCTpyKlJ,lIllll nIlaHe-

pa B03pocna

n04T~

Ha 900 Kr

paC4eTHa"

MaKCl-1MallbHa51 CKOpOCTb 6oM6apAlllpoBUJ,lIlKa


CH~3~naCb AO

KOl:1

454

422 KM/4 C 60M60BO~ HarpY3-

Kr. TaK KaK AOBoAKa MOTOpOB no-

npe)l(HeMy He YAaBanaCb, TO B 1IlIOHe 6b111 nOAroToBlleH 3CKVl3HbI~ npoeKT 60M6apAlIlpoB-

U1~Ka C AB~raTen"M~ -MepKYP~~ VIII-. OH XOHI III 6b1Il T51:+:.ellee, HO, 611arOAap51 HeCKOllbKO
ny~wel:1 a3pOAIIIHaMII1Ke III B

1,5 pa3a 6oIlbwe~

MOUJ,HOCTII1 MOTOpOB, AOIl:+:.eH 6b111 pa3BVlTb

CKOpOCTb 447 KM/4 Ha BblCOTe 4600 M, 4TO


06ecne4~no eMY npe~MYllIecTBo B rna3ax
CnelJ,VlaIlIllCTOB BoeHHoro BeAOMCTBa.

K Hal.la-

ny aBryCTa -6p~cTOnb 142M C napo~ -MepKyp~eB VIII 6bln KOHCTpYKTopaM~ nOAP06HO


npopa60TaH.

142.

.6pHCTOJlb
CKHX

BBe B

.6p~cTonb

142M

MVlHlIlcTepcTBo aBlIlau,VlIIl nO,ll,rorOBlIlIlO

3aAaH~e B.28/35, ~ 22 aBryCTa 1935 r.

1936 r.

Ha CaMOJleTe nOJlBHJIHCb 6pllTaHcKHe

KOKap,lJ,W, 'ITO MBOpHT 0 npHHa,rvte)K]fOCTH MaUIHHbl BoeHHO-B03m'!UHbIM CHJlal\l.

3AnVCK B npO~3BOACTBO
a OCHOBe npoeKTa

B3JleTaeT C a3pO)l,pOMa JleTHO-HCllblTaTCJlbHoro l\CHTpa KOpOJleB-

MapTJlllJeM-XII3, HtOJlb

~ np~HSlT~E

POIlbHble lIlcnbnaHI.151.
cneAYJOllI~e TP~

Ao

rOTOBble

V1X 3asepWeHlIl51
MaW~Hbl

npeAY-

HA

BOOPV)I(EH~E

K "HBapJO 1938 r. BblnycK B03pOC n04T~ B 4eTblpe pa3a. K TOMY BpeMeH~, KorAa KoponeB-

CMoTpVlTeIlbHo nplllAep:+:.anll1 S C60P04HOM

CKVle BBC OCSalllsaIlVI nepsble ceplII~Hble

.6p~cTonb 3~pKpaQlT KOMnaH~ nonY4~na

3aKa3 Ha 150 60M6apA~poBllI~KOB.OnbiTHbl~ ca-

Llexe Ha chY4a~, ecn~ nOTpe6YJOTC" nepeAen-

"oneHXeallMbl MKI .. , "oplllcTonb y>Ke I.1MeIla

MOlleT peWlIlIlIll He CTpOIl1Tb, TaK KaK TVln 142

POB n051BlIlIlIl1Cb ynpasnSleMbie CTBOpKVI, C no-

5lpKO

KII1.

It1

He HanpaCHO. BCKope Ha KanOTax MOTO-

BTOPO~ 3aKa3 Ha 568 60M6apA~poBllI~KOB.


KOHTpaKT 6bln nOAn~caH 11 ~JOn" 1936 r. Ellie
50 caMoneTOB 3aKa3an~ BBG <P~Hn"HA~~ ~

B03-

MOUJ,blO KOTOpblX nlIlIlOT Mor peryIlVIpoBaTb

MO::+::HOCTVI KOHCTpyKIJ,IIlIll. Ynop AellallC51 Ha

TeMneparypy ABlr1raTeIlea:1, nplr1Wll0Cb TalOKe

IOrocnaslIIlIl. MYlHII1CTepCrBo aBlI1alJ,l-1V1 He IIIC-

6blCrpOTy BHeApeHIIl51 B np0Il13BOACTBO. nepBbI~ BbiweAwlIll:1 1113 C60pO~Horo lJ,exa 60M-

Aopa6OTaTb

B03Ayx03a60pH~K~

KJ1104anO, 4TO B CIlyl.lae BO&l1HbI npeAnpl.151TIII51


aSlIlanpOMblWJleHHOCTIIl cTaHyT nepS004e-

AOCTaTO~HO

npoAeMoHcTp~1poBaIl

6apA~pOBllI~K nOAH"nc" B B03AYX 25 ~JOH"


1936 r. nOclle HeCKOIlbKIIlX nOIleTOB, n03BO-

JllllBWIIlX yCT.paHlIlTb P51A MellKII1X Ae4>eKToB,


ero OTnpaBII11111l B Mapmw3M-XlIl3 Ha KOHT-

Kap6JOpaTO-

pOB. OTKa3a.mtCb III OT KOKOS BlIlHTOB, He AaBaBWVlX npaKTWleCKVI BbllI1rpblWa B CKOpOCTVI.

peAHblM~ Llen"M~ All" BBG BepO"THOro npo-

MaWVlHbI nOWlll-1 C KOHse&i1epa B KOHlJ,e

TIIlSHIIIKa, n03TOMY peweHO 6blJlO C03AaTb P51A

r. CHa4aIla MeC514Hbl~ TeMn npOVl3S0A-

TaK Ha3blSaeMbiX -TeHesblx" 3asOAOB. nepBO

CTBa COCTaSIl51Il He 60Ilee wecn1 eAVlHlI1lJ" HO

Ha~allbHO 3TO KaCaJlOCb ASYX <p1t1PM, KOTopble

1936

OAHH H3 nepBblX '1eTblpeX cepHHHblX ca'WJleTOB - llo-c)'u.(eCTBY 3T3J10H )I,JllI BwnycKa B 1937 r. He COBce.. JICHa O'lcpe)l,IIOCTb npOBO)l,.HBWHXCJI H3MeHeHHH:. 06TeKaTeJIH BTyJlOK npOneJIJlepOB CHJlTbI, HO XBocrOBoe KOJleCO no npe:H'HeMY coxpa
"ReT B03MO)KJJOCTb y60pKH B nOJlere.

npe)l(J\e npOH3BOAH11H aBTOM06H11H - -OCTHH' (Austin) H -Pyrc. (Rootes). B YaCTHOCTH,


-Pyrc. n011YYH11a 3aKa3 Ha 600 611eHxe~
MOB, CaMoneTbi AOIl)l(eH 6b111 BblnYCKaTb 38-

BOA B CnHKe. OAHOBpeMeHHO KOHTpaKT Ha


nocTpo~KY 250 60M6apAHpoBUlHKOB 3aKllIOYH11H TalOKe C HPMO~ -ABPO" C06HPall HX
HOBbI~ 3aBOA B YeAAepToHe, nepeAaHHbI~
3TO~ KOMnaHIo1~ npaBlilTenbCTBOM. Bcero)l(8 K
KOHuY 1936 r. Kopo11eBcKHe BBC 3aKa3allH B
06U1e~ C110lKHOCTH 1568 60eBblx MaWHH (HeKOTopble H3 HHX B AallbHe~WeM 6b111H nepeAaHbI BBC APyrHx cTpaH, BKlllOyaR HH11RHAHIO, IOroc11aBHIO H rpeuHIO). ApyrHx 3aKa30B
Ha 6J1eHXe~M. He nocTYnano ennOTb AD KOH-

nepBhlH CepHHHhIH .6J1eHXeH.. Mkh


B nOJleTe. Ha KanOTax "OTOpOB y>Ke
nO.HBHJIHCb ynpaBJlHeMhIe )l(aJII03H,

HO 06TeKaTeJlH B'l)'JlOK npOneJlJlepOB


eW;e CTOJIT, OT HIfX BCKOpe OTKaJKyTCR,

KaK BnpO'leM, H OT y6Hpae'Wro XBOCTOBOrO KOJIeCa.

B C60pO'lHOM I.\eXe aBHa3aBOII.a qlHpMhI .6pHcrOJlb' B <IlHJITOUe.

ua 1938 r., KorAa -eAHHHYKY' Ha C60pOYHblX


!WIHIMIX 'fYKe CMeHli1na

~eTB6PKa.

B KOHue 1936 r. -611eHxe~MbI- HaYallH


nocrynaTb Ha BOOPYlKeHHe Kopo11eBcKHx
BBC. nepBo~ HX n011yYH11a 114-R 3CKaAPH11bR 60M6apAHpOBOYHOrO KOMaHAoBaHHR,
6a3HpoBaBwaRcR B YHToHe H 11eTaBwaR AO
3Toro Ha OAHOMOTOpHblX 6Hn11aHax -XapTax- (Hart), HX MaKCHMallbHaR CKOpOCTb He
npeBblWalla 300 KM!Y. npH nepeXOAe Ha
HOBylO TexHHKy He YAa110Cb H36elKaTb Yn.
OTnpaB11eHHbI~ K MecTy AHC110KauHH 10
MapTa 1937 r. YeTBepTbI~ cepH~HbI~ caMO11eT 6b111 pa36HT npH nOCaAKe H cnHcaH: y
Hero 3aKIWIHIo1J10 TopMoaa,

&.1

MaWIo1Ha CKano-

THpOBalla. Ho BCKope nOAocne11H APyrHe. K


anpe1110 3CKaAPH11bR n011yYH11a 21 60M6apAHPOBUlHK H 6b1lla n011HOCTblO yKoMn11eKTOBaHa. CnycTR ABa MeCRua nepeBOOPYlKH11H
90-10 3CKllAPH11blO B 6HyeCTepe, 3a He~ 44-10 B YOAAHHrTOHe.
K KOHuY aBrycTa 1938 r. 17 3CKaAPH11H~
Kopo11eBcKHx BBC 11eTa11H Ha -611eHxe~
Max., 15 H3 HHX HaxOAH11HCb HenocpeAcTBeHHO B MeTpono11HH. B Aon011HeHHe K
114, 90-~ H 44-~ 3CKaAPH11bRM Ha HOBbie
60M6apAHpOBUlHKH nepeW11H 21, 34. 57,
61,62,82,101.104,107,108, 109-R H
139-R. nOYTH oAHoBpeMeHHo C nocryn11eHlo1eM caMoneToB B yaCH1 nepBo~ m1Hlo""1
npoH30w11a peopraHH3auHR 60M6apAHpOBOYHOrO KOMaHAoBaHHR: 15 3CKaAPHIlIo1&il tlCnaHlo1ene&il. ceem1 BABe 60M6apAI.1
pOBOYHble rpynnbl (2-10 H 5-10). nOCK011bKY
Io1MeHHQ B 3TO epeMH aHrJlIil&i!cKlo1M napna-

MeHTOM 06CYlKAa11CR Bonpoc 0 C03AaHHH


3KcneAHuHOHHblX CH11 AllR BeAeHHR onepauH~ B EBpone, TO 06.e rpynnbl CKOpOCTHblX 60M6apAHpoBUlHKOB A011lKHbI 6bl11H
CTaTb OCHOBO&i! aeHalV10HHoro KOMnOHeHTa an1X CL1J1.

BhlJleTeBlllHH 10 MapT:! 1937 1'. Ha


aBHa6a3y YHTOH 'IeTBepThlJi CepHH-

HhIH CaMOJIeT pa36HJ1CJ1 npH nOC3AKe


U3-3a HecnpauHOCTH TOpM030B, Ha-

MepTBO 3a"'aBWHX II.HCKH KOJIeC ocHOBHhIX creeK waCCH.

BblnycK 00MOapA~p08U\~K08 8 Ben~Koo


p~TaHIiH1

XOTH III MeA/1eHHO, HQ HapaCraJ1 a.1 HO-

Bbie caMoneTbi HayanVl npoCa"ivtSaTbCR Ha 38-

MopCK_e a8_aOa3bl.

nep80~

3a pyoe",oM Ha

3TOM nme CaMQnera crana JleTaTb 30-f1 3CKaAPil1J1bR, HaXOAIIIBwaRCR B 1I1paKe Ha aBvta-

oa3e Xa55aH~ .

Crpoesble neT'WIKIII

BblCQKO

ou,eHIMU1

6J1eHXe~M MKI, He 6e3 OCHOeaHL1&i1 C'U1TaR

8ro He TonbKO ny-lW_M OP_TaHCK_M OOMoapA_P08U\_KOM, HO _ caM"'M CKOpOCTHblM 8


aTOM Knacce. n_nOTbl npoU\M_ eMy TeHAeHl\>110 Kpaa80pory 8ne80 np~ pa30ere _ He8~
Hbl~ 0030P 8 CTOpoH"'. C AByM. MOTopaM_
.MepKYP_~ VIII- np~ HopManbHO~ noneTHO~
Macce 5600 Kr ~ 00M0080~ HarpY3Ke 454 Kr

BOM6apAHPOBIIJ,HKH 44-H aCKa,lIpHJlLH. CaMOJleTLI npHHa,1I,1Ie>KaT K paHHH1\1 CepHJlM BhlnycKa H nOToMY Hl\le-

lOT y6HpalO~CJI XBOCTOBYIO CTOHKYwaCCH.

Blenheim Palace - P0/l:OBaJI peaH/l:enI.\HH repl.\OrOB MaJIL60po. 3TOT


POCKOWHLlH /l:BOpel.\ 6L1J1 nO/l:apen
KOpOJleBOH AHnoH ,lI,>Kony 'Iep'lHJlJlIO
B oanaMenOBanHe n06e/l:LI n3/l:
Ij>panu;yaaMH H 6aBapl.\aMH.
n8p8ble

cep~~Hble MaW~Hbl

no oqmL1_anb-

HbiM AaHHblM MOrJllll .neTaTb C MaKCIIIMaJ1bHolit

CKOpOCTblO 459 KM/Y. npaBAa, caMoneT'"


MaccoBolit nOCrpOYlKVI HeCKOJlbKO nOlepR/WI B

CKOpocm: OHa He npe8",wana 426-428 KM/Y.


Haoop B"'COT'" 4570 M aaH~Man 9 M~H 12 c,
paooY~~ nOTOnOK COCTaBn.n 9150 M, AanbHOCTb noneTa - 1569 KM np_ Kpe~cepcKO~
CKOpOCT_ 265 KM/Y.
CyU\ecT8YIOT TP_ Bepc_~, comaCHO KOTOPblM .6p~cTonb 142M- nonyy_n Ha~MeHO-

BaHllle 5neHxelitM.

no OAHolil, era HapeKJlVl

TaK 8 03HaMeH08aH~e nooeAbl, oAep",aHHo~


13 aBrycTa 1704 r. Bo~cKaM_ aHrn_yaH _
a8CTp~~L1eB nOA KOMaHAOBaH_eM capa
A",oHa lIepy_nn. HaA <!>paHL1Y3aM~ _
OaBapL1aM_. no APyro~ - 8 yeCTb POAOBO~
pe3_AeHL1_~ repL10rOB Manboopo Blenheim
Palace
(6neHxe~McK~~
ABOpeL1),
nOAapeHH"'~ Kopone80~ AHHO~ B 1704 r. nepBOMy repL10ry Manboopo A*OHy lIepY~nnlO 8
03HaMeHOBaH_e aTO~ noOeAbl. CornaCHO

rpeTbelit - no Ha3BaHIIlIO OAHoro 1113 MeCrel.jeK


B HOBO~ 3enaHA__ . Ho aK_na",_ RAF BKnBAblBaJ1vt B Hero Bce )1(8 co6CTseHHblIit CMblCll T8K IIlMeHoeam1 6b1CrpOHOrIllX, OXOTHIIIYblllX
CnaHllleJ1e~, BbiBeAeHHblX Ha ncapHe ABopu,a

repL10rOB ManbOOpo. nOCKonbKY oyKBanbHoe


npOYTeH_e .6neHxe~M- y Hac npOYHO yKopeHIIIJ10Cb, XOTR III He RBJ1ReTCR BepHblM, Mbi 6yAeM 101M n0J1b30BaTbCR B AaHHO~ pa60Te, HO
YK~eM,

YTO Blenheim npO_3HOC_TC. 8 AHr-

J1111111 KaK CIl6J1eHIIIM.

KOHCTPYKU~SI 6AEHXEVlMA

0MoaPA~POBU\~K npeACTaBn.n cooo~

MapKIII CIlAAKJ13A, CKpenJ1RBWIII~CR C ClIIllOBbI-

KIlenKO~ no Bce~ nOBepXHOCTIII, 3a IIICKIlIO'-Ie-

ABYXMOTOPHbl~ TpeXMeCTHbl~ CBOOOA-

Mill

nOTa~HO~

H~eM anepOH08. 3aKpblnK~, CHao",eHHble

HOHecyw.lII~

KnenK_. Kpblno caMoneTa nnOu\BAblO 43,57


M' ~ pa3MaxoM 17,16 M _Meno A8ynoH",epoHHylO KOHCTPYKL1_IO, _ COCTo.no _3 L1eHTpOnnaHa _ A8YX OTbeMHblX KOHcone~. l.\eHTpo-

r~APOnp~BOAOM, 3aH_Man_ np~MepHO 60%


pa3Maxa Kpblna. 3nepoHbl T_na .6p_cTonbcDpa~3- (naTeHT KOMnaH_~ .6p~cTonb-) OKono 33% pa3Maxa __ Men~ nOAooHo oc-

nJ1aH KpenlllJ1CR xpOMaHCIIIJ1eBblMIII 60J1TaMIII K

TanbHblM pYJ1eBbiM nOBepXHOCTRM n0J10THR-

MOHOnJ1aH.

AJ1I11Ha

u,eJ1bHOMeTaJ1J1WleCKIII~

CaMOJ1eTa

paBHRJ1aCb

12,12 M, a B"'COTa (no KOHL1Y nonacm) - 3,7 M.


Macca nycTo~ MaW~H'" COCTaBn.na 3363 Kr,
a B3neTHa. - 5947 Kr. cDI03en.", T_na MOHOKOK
coo_panc. ~3 Tpex CeKL1~~. B KayeCTBe 00WIIIBKIII 6b1J1 nplllMeHeH J1I11CTOBO~ AlOpaJ1b

3J1eMeHTaMIII

L1eHTpanbHO~

nocpeACTBOM

CeKL1__ <!>lOaen.",a.

OOW~BKa

Hoe nOKpblTllle. XBOCTOBoe roplll30HTanbHoe

Bce TOT )Ke J1I11CTOBO~ AlOpanb C nOTa~HO~

C8000AHoHecyU\ee onepeH_e o",no L1enbHO-

CMOTpJIH'IHOro COCTaBa H MaT'iaCTH 114-H aCK3/l:pHJILH BO BpeMH TOp>KeCTBellHOH l.\epeMOHHH


no CJIY'IalO nOJIY'leHHH 1l0BLIX 60M6apAHPOB~HKOB.ABHa6aaa YHTOH, Becna 1937 r.

DepXH1lJl 4>103eJlJDKHaJI TypeJIL .I)PHCTOJIL MId., oCHa~eH


HaJl7,71-01M nyJIeMeTOM .DHKKepc K H3P~HaJI TeCHOTa B
3TOH omeBoH TO'lKe, OCTaBJlJIJIa KOHCTpYKTOpaM HH'ITO>KHO MallO B03MO>KHOCTeH AJlJI YCHlIeHHJI ee omeBOH MO~H.
He;J.OCTaTO'lHLlMH 6LIJI H CeKTOpLl o6CTpeJIa.

MeTann~"eCKO~ KOHCTPYKLj~~,

HO pyneBble

nosepXHOCH1, KaK lit anepOHbl, 06n~rlo1Banlo1Cb

nonOTHOM. Bce pyn~ nony"~n~ aapOA~HaM~


"eCKYKl ~ BecoByKl KOMneHCaLj~Kl, a TalOKe
Tp~MMepbl, peryn~poBKa KOTOPblX npo~aBO
A~naCb Ha aeMne (Ha .6p~TH <1>ecT- np~Me
HSl.nCSl MexaHIil3M 1013MeH8HI.1S1 yma ycraHoBKII1

cTa6~n~3aTOpa).
B Ka"l8CTS8 Clo1nOBO~ ycraHoBKlIt Io1CnOJ1b30Ban~

ABa AeB"T~Lj~n~HAPOBblX 3Be3A006pa3HblX MOTopa B03AYWHoro oxna)l(,[\eH~"


.6p~cTonb-MepKYP~~ VIII-, pa3B~BaBW~X Ha
B3neTHOM pelK~Me MOWHOCTb no 725 n.c., a
Ha BblCOTe 4267 M 840 n.C. AB~raTen~ 6bl-

JH1

OCHa-

weHbl
aneKTpocTapTepaM~ ~ Py"HO~

ClilcreMoai! 38nycKa. KOHCTpyKTOpbl np~MeH~n~


TpexnonaCTHble B~Hfbi 1013MeHSl8Moro wara
<p~PMbl 'Aa XaB~nneHA
A~aMeTpOM 3,2 M. ABa
Tonm1BHblX 6aKa 8MKO-

CTbKl no 636,5 n KalKAbl~,


pacnOnaraJ1VICb B u,eHTponnaHe Kpblna. Macn06aK~ 06beMoM no
43,2 n HaXOA~n~Cb B
MOTOroHAonax, no OAHOMy B KB)I(,[\O~. MOTorOHJl,omJl Io1Mem1 AIOpanKlM~H~e-

BYKl06-

~\Ill...IJ..)~""

W~BKY ~

BMeCTe co
craJlbHblMI-1

MOTopaM~

Kpenlo1m1Cb K nepeAHeMy
nOHlKepoHy
LjeHTpOnnaHa
Kpblna.
OCHoBHble, y6~paeMble, CTO~-

Kilt

wacclo1

BIMlbyaroro nma pblya:lK-

HOail KOHcrpyKlJ,1011.1 pacnonaram1Cb B


HIo1)1(He&il yaCTIo1 MOTorOHAOJ1. OCHOBHbl8

KOn8Ca BbinOllHSlm1Cb JU1TblMIo1 L13 MarH1018-

Bora cnnaBa c nHeSManlKat.oU1 BbiCOKoro


AaHnon. (Dunlop). Y60pKa CToeK npO~3BOA~naCb nOBopOTOM Ha3BA
C nOMOwbKl r~APonp~BOAa. XBOCTOBoe KOneco 6blno cB060AHoop~eHT~pyeMbIM ~
y6~panoCb Ha3BA C nOBopOTOM OC~ BpaweHIMl AIo1CKa Ha 90, Bnocn8ACTBIIIl.o1 XBOCTOBoe
Koneco CAenan~ <p~Kc~poBaHHbIM ~3-3a "aCTblX cny"aeB 3aMep3aH~" lK~AKOCT~ B r~A
pOCIo1cr8M8 npl.1 non8rax Ha Bblcore CBblwe
6000 M. Ecn~ r~APOC~CTeMbl OCHOBHblX CTOAaBneH~" <p~PMbl

TOJlbKO 'ITO BhI~eHHhle+eAHHH'lKH. OCl\-13TpHBr.IOTCli Ha 3aBO,1J,CKOM aapO,1J,pOMe o4>Hl.\epaom KOpOJIeBCKHX DDC.

eK 060rpeBanHCb rOpHYHM B03AYXOM OT pa6oTalOw,~X MOTOpOB, TO COrpeTb XBOCT


QKaaanQCb rOpa3AO CllO>KH8e.

Bee

cToiilKH

waCCH I4M8n14 MaCllRHo-nH8SMan148CKYIO


aMOpn13alJ,HIO, V1X aBapl.1LifHbl~

BblnycK MQ)I(HQ 6b1flO npOYl3BeCH1 C nOMow,btO py4HOLit


nOMnbl. YnpaBneHHe TopM03aMH AH<!><!>ep8HlJ,HallbHOe, nHeBMaTI.148CKoe.

B HOCOBOLit l.Jacn1 eplO3emDKa yCTynoM


pacnonaram1Cb pa60'-l1l18 M8CTa n8T4&.1Ka 101
WTYPMaHa-6oM6apAHpa. Kpecno nHnDTa
6blnD cneBa, a wTypMaH C 60M6apAHpOBOYHbiM npl.11.J,8nOM pa3M8w,anCR 4yTb anepeAIi1

cnpaea. B Ka6HHy '1J18HbI 3KVlna)l(a nona.nam1


4epe3 CABH)I(HOH lUOK B BepxHeLif l.JaCTa.1 HOCO-

BO~ ceKllHH <!>103enH)I(a. CTpenOK-paAHCT C


TYpellbHblM nyn8M8ToM ..JlbIOHCIO Kalllit6pOM

7,71

KOTOPblLif BCKope 3aMeHlo1JlH Ha

MM,

,SHKKepc K (Vikkers K) Toro )I(e KanH6pa,


""M8eWa.1M Mara3101HHoe n1HaHIo18, HaxOAliIflCR
B XBOCTOBOLit CeKlJ,IIH1.

OH

3aHII1Man ceDe M8C-

TO 4epe3 eepXHlo1a1l I1IOK, npope3aHHblLIt BoepeAIi1 CTpellKOBOC; 6awHI.1.

B TOM

)1(8 OTceKe

HaXOAlIIllaCb p8..A~OCTaHU~R, nflaHOBbiVi a3-

pO<!>OToannapaT F.24 H 26 Mara3HHOB K nyfleMeTy.

fleBOM KpblJ1e yCTaHOBIIIJ1111 OAIIIH

HenOAB~>KHbfVl nyneMeT 6paYH~Hr

J1V10pOM

7,71

FN

Ka-

MM, ~MeBw~V1 neHTOYHOe nlll-

TaHHe H 6oe3anac 500 naTpoHoB. 60M6oBaR Harpy3Ka o6U1e~ Macco~ 454 Kr


pa3MelL\anaCb B OOMoooTceKe B
u,eHTpaJlbHOLil "iaCTIII to3enR>Ka. OHa COCTORfla ~3 napbl

227 -Kr (500-<!>YHTOBbIX)


HnH 4eTbipex
113,5-Kr
(250-<!>yHTOBbIX) 60M6.
KpoMe TOro, B lleHTponflaHe

n03aA~

Tonm1BHblX

6aKoB HaXOAlIIflOCb ABa HeOOflbWIIIX OOMOOOTceKa AflR "ieTbipeX OCBeT~-

Pa60'lHe Mecra nHllOTa H wrypMaHa pacnOJl3raJIHCb np3KTHQeCKH pJl,Zl,OM, 'ITO no3BOJUl)lO opraHH30BaTb no H3CTOJll1.l,eMY
TeCHYJo, JlOKTeByIO CB>l3b, HO KpyrHTb B
Ka6HHe MO)KHO 6h1J1o TOJlbKO rOJlOBoH ...
TenbHblX IIIflVl CVlrHaflbHbfx OOMO. KpOMe TOro,

B to3eflR>KHblVI OOMOOOTceK BMeCTO

KpynHoKaflllloepHblX rOCT~HUeB MO>KHO OblflO nOABeC~Tb

12 KOHTeVlHepoB,

B Ka)j(J\OM 1113

KOTOPblX HaXOAHnHCb yeTblpe 49-Kr (20-cj>yHTOBble) OCKOnDYHo-<!>yracHble HnH 3a)l(HraTenbHble 60M6bl. ,ll,pyro~ BapHaHT 3arpY3KH
COCTORfl 1113 BOCbMIII KOHTeVlHepOB, B Ka>KAOM

H3 HHX HMenOCb no yeTblpe 18,2-Kr (40-<!>yHTOBble) 60M6bl. Yye6Hble H MapKepHble 6oenpHnaCbl, a TaK)I(e AblMOBaH annapaTypa,
nOABew~Bafl~cbnOA to3eflR>KeM Ha Hapy>K-

HbiX 3aMKax n03aAlII OOMOooTceKa. YnpaBfleHlIIe COPOCOM OOMO ObiflO 3J1eKTpW~eCK~M.

B PSiAV COBPEMEHHVlKOB

neHxe~M MKj,., nO~BII1BWI.1~CSl B aH-

rnH~CKL1X 3CKaAPlo1J1bSlX BecHo~

1937 r., 6b1n Aanexo He eA~HCT


BeHHblM CXOPOCTHbiM 60M6apA~poBU\~XOM B
3TOM KnaCce 60eBbiX MaW~H, HaXOA~BW~XC.
Ha BOOPYJKeH~~ BBC pa3HblX CTpaH. XPOHOnor~_ecx~ n~~pOBan~ 3AeCb .HX~-. B 1930
r. aMep~xaHcxa. ~pMa rneH n.MapT~H
KOMnaH~- (Glenn L. Martin Company) B ~H~
L1~aT~BHoM nop.Axe np~cryn~na x C03AaH~1O
AByxMoTOpHoro 60M60B03a, He ycrynalOU\ero no CXOPOCT~ ny"W~M ~cTpe6~Ten.M Tora

TenbHoe Boopy~eH~e COCTo.no ~3 Tpex


7,62-MM nyneMeTOB. ABa ~3 H~X, pacnono>KeHHblX B orHeSbiX TQl.fKax aaKpblToro nma,

CXOpOCTb noAnpblrHyna- cpa3y AO 430 XM/_!


Con~AHblM 6b1no ~ Boopy~eH~e: 1250 xr
60M6 ~ _eTbipe nyneMeTa, np~_eM, TP~ ~3

np~xpblBan~

H~X 6b1n~ xpynHoxan~6epHblM~.

cBepxy

3aAHIOIO nonycepy OT aTax


a TpeT~~ CMOHT~poBan~ B

~ CH~3Y,

HOCOBO~ 3xpaH~poBaHHo~ rypen~. 8x~n~


HaC_~TblBan

4-5 _en OBex.

8eXT~BHOCTb np~MeHeH~. nocneAH";X

B .HBape 1932 r. MOAenb 123. (model


123), xax Ha3Ban~ MaW~HY, cOBepw~na nepBbI~ noneT. np~MeH~B B ee XOHCTPYXL1~~
y6~palOU\eec. wacc~, 3axpblnx~, nponennepbl ~3MeH.eMoro wara, BHYTpeHHlO1O
nOABecxy 60M6 ~ APyr~e HOBweCTBa, _TO
CTaHeT HOPMO~ An. caMoneTOB 3Toro KJ1acca TOnbXO _epe3 5-7 neT, K5 ~PMbI nowno
Ha onpeAeneHHbI~ p~CX. BeAb B TO BpeM.

B 06naCT~ a3pOA~HaM~X~ 6b1na


Aoxa3aHa B XOAe ~cnblTaH~~. Ho BOOPYJKeHHble c~nbl CWA He H~an~Cb TorAa B MaccoBOM CXOpOCTHOM 60M6apA~pOBU\~xe ~ 3a
nep~OA C 1932 no 1938 r. ~x cYMMapHbI~ BbInycx COCTaB~n oxono 500 eA~H~L1.
OAHaKo s:lHKIo1 He Aonro OCTaeal1lo1Cb B
oA~Ho_ecTBe. B oXT.6pe 1934 r. B B03AYX
nOAH.nc. ~Tanb.HCX~~ S.79, pa3pa60TaHHbI~ B K5 ~PMbI SIAl. OH npoexT~pOBanc.
KaK BOCbMII1MeCTHbiVi nacca>KlI1pcKII1V1 nav.Hep, XOTOPbl~ Aon~eH 6b1n np~H.Tb y_acT~e
B Me~YHapoAHblx raHxax Ha Tpacce nOHAOH - Menb6YPH. HeAoBeAeHHocTb c~noBo~

Aa>Ke 6lo1nnaHHafi CxeMa C MHOrO\.ilo1Cn8HHbI-

ycraHoBKVI (aXIi111neCOea

pac.... anKa~Ut OTHtOAb He C"'Ilo1TanaCb apxa~3MOM. nnlOCbI XOHCTPYXL1~~, XOTOPblM~ 06naAan HOBbI~ MapT~H-60M6ep., B rna3ax
60nbw~HcTBa cneL1~an~CTOB (cpeA~ XOTOpblX 6b1n~ ~ np~3HaHHble aBTop~TeTbI) C_~

Ii1Tal1bRHCKHX 60esblx CaMQneTQB BTOpOV.

BpeMeH~.

MH

TaJ1V1Cb fJl,1Wb HOBOMOAHblMI.1 101 AoporOCTORW,l1MIo1 1013JU.1weCTsaMIoII C cOMHIilTeJ1bHOv. 3>-

exT~BHoCTblO.

Ho ~cnb'TaH~. nOATBepA~
npaBory HOBaTopOB: np~ Maxc~ManbHo~
Macce 5700 xr ~ 60M60BO~ Harpy3xe 454 xr CaMOneT, 06naAa. AByM. AB~
raTen.M~
Pa~T-1.\~KJ10H
R-1820-25(Wright-Cyclone R-1820-25) MOU\HOCTblO no
600 n.c., pa3B~n Ha BbiCOTe 3800 M CXOpOCTb
340 XM/_, T.e. He ycrynan no 3TOMy noxa3aTenlO COBpeMeHHblM ~cTpe6~TeMM, a AanbHocrb noneTa cocraB~na 1125 XM. 060POH~n~

B3neTHo~

AOCT~~eH~~

mna

60J1bWI.1HCTSa

MIo1POBO&il BOVlHbI) He n03B0J1lo1J1a nOAfOTO-

B~Tb Maw~HY x cpoxy. K anpenlO 1935 r.,


_eTbipe T~na MOTOpOB, XOHCTpyKTOpb' OCTaHOB~n~ CBO~ Bbl60p Ha 680-c~nb
HbiX AB~raTen.x AJ1ba POMeo 125RC-35(Alta Romeo 125RC-35). An. 06ecne_eH~.
He06xoA~MblX xapaxTep~cT~x 1O-TOHHbI~
caMoneT np~wnocb cHa6A~Tb TpeM. AB~ra
renflM\I1 1.1 :no n03Bonlo1no pa30rHaTb HecoCTO.Bweroc. pexoPAcMeHa- (S.79P) AO
410 XM/_. npaBAa, cep~~Hble 60M6apA~
POBU\~X~ S.79B CnapB~epo (Sparviero - C
~T.cTpe6) neTan~ C MaXC~ManbHO~ cxopoCTblO 355 XM/_, HO nocne YCTaHoBx~ Ha H~X
750-c~nbHblx AJ1ba POMeo 126RC-34. ~
HexoToporo yny"weH~. a3poA~HaM~x~, ~x
CMeH~B

CXOPOCTb 3aoxeaHcxora nepBeHl.\a 6b1na


eU\e cpaBH~TenbHo HeBen~xa, a ~Tanb.Hcx~~
S. 79 ~Men orHeBbie TO_X~ WXBopHeBoro T~
na, 101 n03ToMY cTpeJ1l<y BnonHe XBaTaJ10 Clo1n
pa3Bopa_~BaTb HOCOBylO 6awHIO C neBora
60pTa Ha npaBbI~ ~ 06paTHo B npeAenax 180"
rpaAycOB. XBocToBa. rypenb 5neHxe~Ma
BpaU\anaCb Ha 360" TonbXO Ha 3eMne. Ha cxopOCT.X, 6n~3X~X x Maxc~ManbHo~, pa3BepHYTb ee A~e Ha 45' BneBO - BnpaBo XBaTano
C~n Aanexo He xa~OMY. 1013p.AHble TPYAHOCT~ AOCTaBn.na ~ TeCHOTa. n03TOMY 060poH~TenbHble B03MO~HOCT~ XBOCTOBO~ rypen~

Bbl3b1Ban~ HapexaH~. OAHaxo ~M He np~Aa


n~

TOrAa 60nbworo 3Ha_eH~., T.X. 6b1no AOxa3aHO npeBocxOACTBO HOBora 60M6apA~


pOBU\~xa HaA ~cTpe6~Ten."",-6~nnaHaM~ B
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cxoponOAbeMHOCT~.

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MOryr BnonHe 06xOA~TbC. He TonbXO
6e3 ~cTpe6~TenbHoro np~xpblm., HO ~ 6e3
o60poH~TenbHoro BOOPYJKeH~., 6b1no BeCbMa
pacnpOCTpaHeHHblM B cepe~He 30-x rr. Tax,
Ha~60nee MYApa.- paxL1~. o~L1epOB-Te
opeTIo1KOS 1013 rnaSHoro wra6a repMaHCKloiX
nlOTBae Bo06U\e C_~Tana BbiCOXYIO cxoPOCTb eA~HCTBeHHO He06xoA~MblM ~ AOCTaTO_HblM ycnoB~eM An. 3aU\~TbI_OT ~cTpe6~
Tene&il npOTIo1SHloiKa. Ha TaKOM npo6neMaT\I1l.1HbiM YM03aKJ1lO_eH~~ 6b1na nOCTpoeHa repMaHcxa. Teop~. B03AYWHO~ BO~Hbl30-xrr., B
KOTOPO&il rnaseHcTsylOlUaSl ponb OTSOA\I1naCb
xpynHblM coeA~HeH~.M CXOpOCTHbiX 60M6apA~poBU\~XOB, cnoc06HblX y~T~ OT Bpa~e
cx~x nepeXBa,"~XOB. B paMxax 3TO~ AOKTP~
Hbi c06CTBeHHblM ~cTpe6~Ten.M HeMl.\b1 OTBOA~n~ BTopOCTeneHHylO ponb. no cyU\eCTBY,
3TO 6b1n repMaHcx~~ Bap~aHT Teop~~ AY3-.
CneAY. 3T~M Te6peT~_ecx~M BblBOAaM,
XOHCTpyXTOpbl ~PMbI AopHbe. (DomierWerke GmbH) cnpoeKT~pOBan~ CXOPOCTHO~
60M6apA~pOBU\~X, XOTOPbl~ nOHa_any 6b1n
POBU\~X~

nepBblM 'HaCTOIl~Hl'1tCKOPOCTHhlM
60M6ap,1J,HpOB~HKOM6b1Jl aMepHKaHCKHH .MapTHH B-10.

HTaJThJlHCKHH 5.79 XOTJl H HeCKOJIbKO ycrynaJI B CKOpocTH CBOHM llJUJIHJ\CKHM H COBerCKHM c06paTbJIM.
HO 3aTO B ABa paaa npeBOCXOAHJl
HX no 6oM60BoH HarpyaKe H 6b1Jl
3aMerHO JIY'lme BoopyxceH.

npOeKTHpyJl KH-48, TaKeo ,lI,OH nonhIT3JICJI B "aKCHM:3JIbItOH CTeneltH


yqeCTb Bce nO:>KenaHHJI reHep3JIHTeTa JlnOItCKOH H,,"epaTOpCKOH apl'lHH.
no 06~e.ry KO..W1eKCY JleTHO-TaKTH'1ecKHX XapaKTepHCTHlC, TYIIOJleBCKHH
C6 B Teqemte lteCKOJlbKHX JleT 6blJ1
JIY'lllIH" cpeAJi CKOPOCTltbIX 60..6apI\HPOBllIHKOB
Boo6~e J1I11WeH CTpenKOBoro BOOPY>KeHIM1!
60M6apA~pOBOYHOe It<e B OCHOBHOM nOBTOp"500 Kr
Ha BHyrpeHHeC1 nOAseCKe. HQ 38 c~eT yaCTII1 ro-

llO Kopon8eCKoro CnaHlIleJ1R - r8 )Ke

plOyero MOlt<HO 6blno B3"Tb 750 Kr. S 0017, KaK


~ B ero 6p~TaHcKoM aHanore, 6bln~ pean~30
saHbl npaKT~YeCK~ Bce aTp~6yrbl CKopocTHoro
AByxMOTopHora MOHonnaHa. Ha",6IOnee xapaKTepHblM'" oc06eHHOCT"M~ era KOHCTPYKll~'"
6b1n", Afl"'HHbl~ '" Y3K"'~ <p103en"lt< C W"'poK"'M
ll,eHTpOnnaHoM I a TalOKe ABYXKII1Jleaoe XBOCTO-

aee onepeHlile, TOl1bKO BXOAlilBwee B MDAY.


OCHaLLl,eHH~C1 ASyMR ABlo1rareJlRMIIl ceVicnaHo-CIO~3a

12Y. (Hispano-Suiza 12Y), pa3B"'860 n.c. Ha BblCOTe 4000 M,


0017 Bblwen Ha ~cnblTaH~" oceHblO 1935 r. '"
nOKa3an Ma<e"'ManbHYIO CKOpOCTb 390 KM/Y.
DHa OKa3anaCb Ha 20 KM/Y Bblwe, yeM YTonbKO YTO np"'H"TOrO Ha BOOPYlt<eH~e 6p"'TaHCK~X SSC ",cTpe6"'Ten"-6",nnaHa .raHTneT.(Gaunllel), npeAweCTBeHH~Ka .rnBA~a
BaBW"'M~ no

ne 1937 r. Ha Melt<AYHapoAHoM aB~acanOHe B


l.\lOp",xe. S xOAe B03AYWHblX rOHOK .Anbn~~
CKIIIC1 Kpyrcc \ltCH1HHblC1 apil1811, ocraSII111 n03a-

AIIl He TOJlbKQ ASyXMOTopHble CaMQn8Tbl, HQ III

",cTpe6"'Ten~, pa30rHaBW~Cb Ha Mapwpyre


AO 480 KM/Y!
Mano KTO ~3 np~cyrcTBoBaBw~x Ha 3TOM
aB",awoy cnell",an"'CTOB pacnonaran AaHHbl-

lapa ll , AreHTypHble CBeAeHIIlR 0 HOBOM He-

MII1, '-ITO 3TOT ceJ18TalOUJ,lo1C1

MellKOM 60M6apA~pOBW"'Ke.

KapaHAaw

Beero

Mbl AopHbe. BblABBan", CBoero peKOPACMeHa


3a cep"'~Hbl~ 06pa3ell co CH"TblM BoopYlt<eH"'eM. TaKa" "'H<popMall"'" 3aCTBB",na aB~a
ll"'OHHble wTa6bl AHm",,,,, >paHll~"" YexocnoBaKVIVI VI nOllbW&.1 nO-HoBoMy B3rnsmyrb Ha OC-

HaweH~e YaCTe~ '" He MYApeHO: OCHOBHO~ aHrnVlC1cKVI~ VlCTpe6V1Tellb 6V1nllaH ccrl18,AVlaTOp


(AanbHe~wee

pa3B"'TIoIe .raHrneTa,,) 06nB,Aan


CKOpOCTblO 407 KM/Y. 60nee

MaKc~ManbHo~

HaBcero OA"'H ~3 npOTOT",nOB Do 17V8, cnell~

cOBpeM8HHblC1 .XapPlo1K8V1H nVlWb rOTOBVInCH

CKOpOCTHOM, yeM TorAaWH1018 Io1crpe611lTeJllo1,

anbHQ o6.ner48HHblC1, a3pOAvtHaMvt"ieCKlil Bbl-

K cep~~HoMY npo"'3BoACTBY. >paHll"'", nonb-

Ylt<e 6YAOpBlt<",n", BoeHHble Kpyr", 60nbw"'HCTBa rOCYAapCTB EBponbl. SnepBble 'Aop-

n1013aHHblL;1 VI C ropa3AO 60nee MOW.HOC1 ABVlraTellbHOC1 YCTaHoBKoC1, no cpaBHeHVlIO C cepvtC1-

Hbe ny6m1YHO npOAeMOHcrplo1pOaaJu,1 B 11110-

HblM~ Bap",aHTaM~.

"K06bl 60nee

Ho npeACTaB"'Ten", <p~p-

CnpoeKTHpo';aHH1>lH B paMKaX rep"aHCKOH TeopHH B03,n;ymHOH


BOHHbI Dol7, nO-ltaqany 6blJ1 Bo06~e JIlIllIeH o60poltHTeJIbHoro
Boopy:>KeHHJI. OAJiaKO pe3JIHH Cpa:>KeHHH BCKope 3aCTaBHJIH KOHCTPYKTOpOB 6)'Kll3JIb1t0 yTbIKaTb ero Ka6Hl1}' orueBbIMH TOqKa..H,
'1HCJIO KOTOPbIX Ita noCJI~.IOAJiepHlcau;HJIX AOCTHrJlo Bocb..HI

wa VI LtexocnoBaKVlfI TalOKe He YlMellVi B COCTa-

Be SSC nepeXBaTY"'KOB, cnoc06HblX npOT"'.OCTO"Tb Do 17.

CpeA" np"cyTcTBOBaBW"X Ha l.\IOP"X-

6b1flO BHe KOHKypeHu,\.1\.1: KBapTeT CKOpOCT-

Pa60Ty HaA 060"M" npOeKTaM" B03rna-

CKOM aBLitaCanOH8, nmKanylil, TOJlbKO COeeT-

pellbHblX 7,62-MM WKACOB HaAelKHO 3aU1"-

BVlJl rnaBHblaIt KOHCTpyKTOp TaKeo ,ll,Oalt, KOTO-

CKlile cnel...llllanli1CTbI COXpaHRJlIll nQnHOe enoKoMCTBllle.

OHIt1

cnpLitHTep", -

3HaJH1,

:no onblTHaR

~TO

H8MeLJ,KVlVI

MaWa.1Ha, C HeHa-

AelKHblM" AB"raTeIlRM" OB600. Y Cep"~HblX


Do17E \01 F, A8V1CTBOBaewlo1X BCOCTae8 .nen,,
OHa KOHAOP B He6e It1cnaH Lit \II , MaKCIi1MaJ1b-

HaR CKOpOCTb He npeBblwalla 370 KM!" " OH"


ycnewHo c6VlsanVicb pecny6JlVlKaHCKIilMLit \IIeTpe6"TeIlRM" 111-16. A BOT COBeTCK"e CKOPOCTHble 60M6apA"pOBU1"K" C6 OKa3all"Cb,

w,an

caMoneT OT aTaK, KaK cBepxy, TaK l.1 CHl.1-

P"'~ peW"1l np"MeH"Tb B 60M6apA"pOBU1"

3Y.

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Ke Bce ny4wee, 4TQ YAaCTbCR 83s:lTb aT

OTMeT\.1Tb:

cOBeTCKl.1a1t

\.1C~

WKAC Kall"6pa 7,62 MM 6bln 3eKT"BHee

Tpe6"TeIlR. 3"MO~ 1938-1939 rr. "3 c60-

aHrJl&.1a1tCKOrO

repMaHcKoro

p04Horo u,exa BblKaT\.1nVl npOTOHm \.1cTpe5\.1

MG 15, T.K. 061laAan n04T" BABoe 60nbwe~


CKopocTpellbHocTblO, paBHo~ 1800 BblC!M"H.
BecHo~ 1936 r., KorAa C6 3anycT"Il" B
Cep"~HOe npO"3BOACTBO, era xapaKTep"C-

TellR, a B "IOIle 1939 r. 6blll rOTOB " nepB"'~

Tl.1K&.1 6blnl.1 nOl.1CT&.1He peKOPAHblMl.1. OCHa-

nnaH rJlaAKOKJlenaHHOH KOHCTpyKlJ,\.1\.1 CO CBO~

IlbK>l.1ca

l.1

1.13 yeTblpeX npOTOT\.1nOB CKOpOCTHoro 60M~

6apA"pOBU1"Ka K"-48.
3TO 6bln LjenbHOMeTanll""eCK"~ cpeAHS-

U1eHHbl~ AByMR AB"raTeIlRM" M-l 00 (TOT lKe

60AHOHeCYU1"M KpblnOM, nOA KOTOpblM pac-

A8V1CTBVIT8JlbHO, nQ4T\II HeAOCRraeMbl AIls:!

JH.1lJ,eH3\.10HHblalt lI1cnaHO-CIO&.13a 12Y, YTO l.1

nOJlaraJlCR 50M600TceK, paCC41.1TaHHblaIt Ha

HeMeLjK"X "cTpe6"Telle~ Xe~HKellb He51 "

Ha 0017) caMOlleT C HopMallbHO~ B3neTHO~


Macco~ 5730 Kr pa3B"Ball Ha B"'COTe 4000 M
CKOpOCTb 423 KM!4, a BblCOTY B 5 KM Ha6"pall 3a 8 M"H 36 c. MaKC"MallbHaR AallbHOCTb nOlleTa COCTaBIlRlla 1500 KM. OceHblO
TOro lKe roAa C6 C ycnexoM npORB"Il" 60eBble B03MOlKHOCT~ HaA n"peHe.M", a 4epe3
roA HOBble 60M6apA"pOBU1"K", n"nOT"pye-

400 Kr 60M6, eU1e 200 Kr nOABeW"Ban"Cb Ha


nOAKpblllbeBblX 60M60AeplKaTenRx. 060po-

V1TaflbRHCKVlX <t>VlarOB

CR.32,

KOTopble Aa-

)1(8 8 caMblX BbirOAHblX ycnoBII1RX 6b1m1 He B


GOCTORHIilIt1 \11M npOTIIIBOCTORTb. A~e AflR HO-

eei71wlllx H8MelJ,KVlX CKOpOCTHbiX Ii1Crpe6HTe-

lle~-MOHonllaHOB

.MeccepWM"TI Bll09B.
.KaTlOwa- (TaK Ha3blBall" C6 B II1cnaH"")

OKaaanaCb AOBOflbHO KpenKIo1M opeWKOMll,

QTJH1l.lVle OT HeMeu,KIo1X Lit aHrJH1V1cKlIlx

CnelJ,lIIaJlVlCTOB,

np08KHtpOeaeWIi1X

Mbl8 COBeTCKl.1Mlt1 3K\.1na)KaM&.1, yyaCTBOBan&.1

HVlTenbHoe BOOpy)KeHLite COCTOHJlO \.13 Tpex

7, 71-MM

nyJleMeTOB, 3aw,\.1w,aSW\.1X CaMOJlel

OT aTaK C nepeAHe~ nOllycepbl, C3aA"-CBepxy " C3aA"-CH"3y. C HopMallbHo~


B3neTHo~ Macco~ 5900 Kr 60M6apA"pOBU1"K
Ha BblCOTe 3500 M Mor 'BbllKaTb- 480 KM!4.
Kpe~cepcKaR CKOpOCTb Ha TO~ lKe B"'COTe
COCTaBnRlla 350 KM!4, Ha 5-KM nOTOIlOK Ma

CBOIi1

B OTpa)KeH\.1l.1 RnOHCKOalt arpeCCII1l.1 B Kl.1Tae.

60M60B03bl Ha 6a3e naCCalK"pCK"X caMOneTOB, KOHCTpyKTopcKoe 61Opo TynoneBa,


np"CTynaR B KOHLje 1933 r. K pa60Te HaA
CKOpOCTHblM 60M6apA"pOBU1"KOM, 06na-

nORBneHlI1e 3Tl.1X caMOfleTOB B XOAe 3aTR-

WVlHa 3a6\.1paJlaCb 3a

HyBwerocH s:lnOHO-Kl.1TaaltCKOrO KOHepnl.1KTa

HaR AanbHOCTb paBHRllaCb 21100 KM.

OKa3anOCb BeCbMa Henp\.1RTHblM ClOpnp\.130M AJlH RnOHCK&.1X n\.1JlOTOS, KOTopble

Tonb~

CpaBH\.1BaR

M\.1H, a MaKC\.1MaJlb-

nx 3Toro

caMypaR C espo

nealtCK\.1M\.1 KOHKypeHTaM\.1, HeTpYAHo 3aMeT\IITb

AaIlQ 3Ha4J.1T8JlbHbIM HaY4HO-TeXHI.148CKII1M l.1

KO Ha4afl\.1 OCBa\.1SaTb HOSeHW\.1e l.1cTpe6\.1~

ero Jl\.1AepCTBO nOYT\II no BceM nOKa3aTemlM,

onblTHO-KOHCTpyKTOpCKl.1M 3aAenOM, HaKon-

TeJl\.1~MOHonJlaHbI K\.1-27. YcneWHble AealtCT-

oco6eHHO no TOYHOCT\.1 60M6oMeTaHII1R. OCHa~

B\.1R C6 np0&.13SeJlVl 3aMeTHoe Bne4aTJleHVle

CTII1S 60M6apAlI1poBw,II1K TOPM03HblMH peweT ~

net-!HblM B XOAe C03AaHl.1R MHorOMeCTHblX

TRlKellblX "cTpe6"Telle~ M"-3 " Allin. 06a

VI Ha reHWTa6 HnOHCKOH VlMnepaTOpCKOalt

KaMII1 B AonOJlHeHLite K nponeJlnepaM 1I13MeHRe-

xa~

apMVlI.1, 3KcnepTbi KOToporo B KOHlJ,e oceHVI

Moro wara, TaKeo ,ll,Oalt 3Ha4HTenbHO nOSblClIln

paKTepl.1CH1KaM HaXOALitJH.1Cb Ha ypoBHe JlYY-

ero 3eKT"BHOCTb, T.K. 06eCne4"1l B03MO>KHOCTb HaHeceH"R 60M6apA"pOB04HblX YAapOB

MOU1Hoe CTpellKOBoe " 60M6apA"pOB04Hoe

1937 r. copMyll"pOBall" OCHOBHble Tpe60BaH"R K nepcneKmBHoMy 60M60B03Y AIlR


apMe~CK"X BBC. 5lnoHCK"~ reHwTa6 no-

Boopy>KeHlIle. ECJH.1 Ha aHr.n\.1a1tCKOM III HeMelJ,-

C4V1TaJl

KOM Bap"aHTaX Kall"6p aB"a60M6, nOABe-

60M6apA"pOBU1"K AOCTaT04HO 61l"3K"M, K


BblAaHHoMY "pMe .KaBaCaK"- KOHTpaKTy

npo"3BOACTBO, OH YlKe lleTOM 1940 r. CTan noCTynaTb Ha BoopYlKeH"e. OCeHblQ Toro lKe rOAa
K"-48 y"acTBoBall B 60RX Ha CeBepHoM POH-

227-250 Kr, TO B 103e1lRlK C6 CB060AHO noMeU1allaCb 500-Kr yracKa, a MaKC"Mallb-

Ha TH>KeJlblalt AByXMOTOpHblaIt

VlCTpe6\.1Teflb

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(6YAYU1"~ K"-45)," nOTOMY pa3pa60TKy HO-

KapnOSCKII1M IIlcTpe6l11TemlM-6l11nJlaHaM LI1~ 15 Lit

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Boro npoeKTa B03nO~\.1n\.1 Ha K6 TOH ~e

111-153, Aa" AIlR 60nee COBpeMeHHblX !'1-16 OH

600 Kr. Ero 060pOH"TenbHOe BoopylKeH"e

"PMbl.

6b1Jl OTHIOAb He CII1AR4ealt yrKOalt.

3H1X caMoneTa no CBOl.1M CKOpOCTHblM

Wl.1X IIlcTpe6l.1TeJlealt HayaJla 30-x rr. \.1 Hecnl.1

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C n\.1K\.1pOaaH\.1R. 3anyw,eHHblaIt B Cepll1a1tHOe

AA~HHbIVi HOC: WAr BnEPEA, ABA... HA3AA


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a

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.6p"CTOllb-Taypyc. (Bristol-Taurus). nepe-

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(Lockheed) " focYAapcTBeHHblM AenapTa-

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nOABOAHblMI.1 JlOAKaMIo1. ATaKy lJ,eJlIo1 HaMepe-

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CLit C HOCOBOH CToHKOVl. OH npowen lJ,\.1K.Jl VlC~


nbiTaHII1H C u,eJlblO onpeAeneHL-1R palJ,LitOHaJlbHbtX napaMeTpOB nOAo6HoVl cxeMbi wacclo1.

OAHO~ "3 nOABeprHYTblX Kp"T"Ke OCO6eHHocTeVl 6JleHXealtMalO 6b1na TeCHOTa pa604ero MeCTa wTypMaHa-60M6apA"pa.
KOHCTPYKTOPbl "PMbl .6p"CTOllb- npeAllo>Klo1Jl\l1 HOBylO KOHCTpyKlJ,VlIO HOCOBOall ceKu,II1Vl

103ell.lKa C pa3MeU1eH"eM wTypMaHcKoro


Kpeclla " np"LjenbHOro 060pYAoBaH"R B YAJlVlHeHHOall HOCOBOalt yaCH1 nepeA m1J10TOM .

1)0LIO<!>0pT' H .I)Llo<!>al'fTep' C03)1,aBaJ1HCb no,n; HeCOMHeHHLlM BJIHRHHCM


.6J1eHXeHMa. H. no-~eCTBY, J(BJlRJ1HCb a,lJ,anTall,HeH KOHCTllyKqHH nocJle)l,lIero no)l, 60Jlee MO~HLIe)l,BHI'aTeJlH H BoopYJKellHe.

OAHaKo HaAelKAbl Ha 6blCTPbl~ 3anycK B

BaJ1KO".
aBlIlalJ,VlVl
BBC,

B 3TVlX ycnoBVlRX MIIlHL-1CTepCTBO


\II

KOMaHAOBaHVle

OTHOCII1BWlIleCR

KOpOJleBCKII1X

CHa4aJla AOBOJlbHO

npOXllaAHO K pa3pa60TKe AIl"HHOHocoro ..


Baplo1aHTa, CTanlit nOCTeneHHO npORBJ1RTb
Bce 60J1bWYIO 3alo1HTepeCOBaHHOt:::W> 8 3TOM

npoeKTe.

e
B

CTeKJ10M BCe-TaK'" YXYAWaeT 06aop A/lA n",nOTa BnepeA-BH",a, '" TorAa neBylO CTOPOHY
BepXHe~ l.Iacn1 WTYPMaHCKO~ Ka6~Hbl BMR-

mi BHIo13, '-ITO npHAaJlO :noli;


MOAlo1Q>HKau,1011o1

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HOCOBO~ '-laCH1
xapaKTepHbl~

B OKOHl.larenbHOM 8lo1A8 o6m1K HQBaro eaplllaHTa cnaHlIlem,. C110lK",nCA TonbKO KcepeA"'He 1938 r.
3Ta MOA"'<!>"'Kall"'A nonY"",na HaaBaH"'e
TlIIn 149, a aaTeM era CMeHHm,1 Ha 6011Io1Hr6POK MKI (Bolingbroke Mkl). nOKa wn", nepeAenO'Hbie pa60Tbi Ha AByx npoToT",nax, M",H",cTepcTBo aB",al.l"'''' BblAano aaKaa Ha 134
.60J1HHr6pOKa-, a \013 nepeOHa'-laJ'lbHOrO AoroaCIIIMMeTplo1'"1Hbla:1 BH.D,.

B Ko~e KO~OB B Kaqecroe paaB~a06~eI'O H.HaqeHHJI H naTpyJlbHOI'O


CaMOJleTa 6epeI'OBOe KOMa~OBaHHenOJIY'lHJIo aMepHlCaHcKHe ,Xa,lJ,COHbl'.
fipaB)I,a HX KOJIH'lecroo B COCTaBe MOpcKOA aBHaI.\HH B nepBble)I,Ba I'O)I,a BOHHbl
YBeJIH'lHBaJIOCb Me,zJ,1IeHHO, H nOToMY B Kaqecroe OXI>THHKOB aa cy6MapHHaMH
lDHpoKO npHMeHJIJIHCb H diJleHXeMbl' BCex MO)I,HtPHKal\HH.

Bopa 6b1J1o II1CKJltO'-leHO TaKae *8 K0I111l'-l8CTBO

MKJlt. KorAa

nonpaBlo1TenbCTBO Ero Ben""ecTBa YlKe pew ",no npo6neMy .nepexoAHoro paaBeA''''Ka 06ll.lero
Ha3Ha'-l8HII1R-, .ynoMas- no AHnI10MaTIII"'I8CK"'M KaHanaM rOCYAapcTBeHHblH AenapTaMeHT CWA npoAaTb caMoneTbi -XBACOH" noaToMy KOHTpaKT Ha -60n"'Hr6poK' 6b1n aHHy'
.on8HX8HMOB

)1(8 Ha caeT

HBHneR AJ1I1lHHOHOCblH cnaHH8J1b-,


neA TPOHYI1C~ B nocneAHlile HeAeJ1101

060pOHa aBAHeH nonyc<!>epbl Ha 3TOM Bap"'-

1936 r., KorAa <!>",pMe -6p",cTonb' 6b1ne BbII\BHO aBAaH",e 8.11/36, B HeM orOBap"'Ba-

Ha YCTaHoBKo~ HOBO~ ycoBepweHcTBoBaH-

aHTe 6b1na BnocneACTBlillo1 HeCKonbKO YClo1ne-

Hille: pa3MeCTIo1Tb B KOHCOI1RX KpblJ1a AonOI1-

HOH rypen", -6p",cTonb MKIIIA., BOOPYlKeHHOH


AByMA 7,71-MM nyneMeTaM'" -8"'KKepc K. Ho

nOCb TOJ1bKO OAHO AOnOJ1HIo1Tel1bHoe Tpe6oBaHIIITe11bHble 6eH306aKIiI.

f1eT""IIiIKlo1-lo1cnblTaTenlo1 AOBOflbHO CKenTlo1""1eCKIiI

3T0 ycnoB",e He aaCTano Bpacnnox cnell"'an"'CTOB, KOTopble, aHan",a"'pyA nepcneKT"'-

A"'pOBll.l"'KOB AeHcTBoBaTb 6ea ",cTpe6"'Tenb-

Bbi npliIMeHeHIo1R Kopol1eBCKlilx nCOB B CO-

Horo

OTHOClilnlilCb K B03MO)l(HOCT~M 3TIiIX 60M6ap-

I1lo1poaaH H BQCCTaHOBJ18H aaKaa Ha npe>KHee


KOmll.1eCTBO cceAYlHIII""I8K.

BnpO'-l8M, OT AIWIHHOHocoro- aapL1aHTa

npIo1KpblTIiI~.

CTaBe Dplo1TaHCKlo1x 3KCneAIo1lJ,IiIOHHblX CIo1J1 B

nOKa Ha onblTHoVi ABoViKe lO wna OTfla.AKa

He QTKaaaJU.1Cb 1Il npVlHRJ1l1l era B Ka48CTBe

EBpone, np",wn", KBblBOAY, 'TO B xOAe BOHHbI


MO>KeT BnonHe CJ10>KIo1TbCR clitryalJ,Io1R, KOrAa

AononH"'TenbHblX 6eHa06aKoB '" BoopylKeH"'A, ell.le OAHy -eA"'H""Ky' (cep. NQ K7072)

cnaHlo1enRM C aBlila6a3 MeTponOlllo1101 nplo1-

nepeAel1al11i1

Baplo1aH~

npOTOT",na A/lA HOBOH MOA"'<!>"'Kall"'''' CKOPOCTHoro 60M6apA",pOBll.l"'Ka. 060aHa,eH",e


-6neHxeHM MKII. nepBOHa,anbHO npeAHaa-

AeTCA nO/IAeplK"'BaTb BblCBAKY

Ha'-tanQCb AfIR B03MO)KHOH ceplo1l1l tlKOPOTKO-

AI1Ii1HHOHOCblH

aBaKya-

O""lepTaHIo1R HocoBoVi ""IaCH1 3TOVI MaWIitHbi

1I,1II1Q aHrnlil~CKlilx CIo111. B 3WIX YCI10BIo1RX, HapR-

npaKTIo1""1eCK\I1 He 1013MeHIo1I1\11Cb, HO nepeAHRR

HOCblX DneHXev.MOB C HOBblM KpblnOM (iii

AY C BblCOKOH CKOpOCTblO B y",cne <!>aKTopOB,


onpeAenABw",x a<!><!>eKT"'BHOCTb BoaAywHoH
nO/IAeplKK"', BbIAB",ran"'Cb ell.le ABa: onepaT"'BHblH PBA"'YC AeHCTB"'A '" 60M60BaA HarpyaKa . 6neHxeHM MKI. C ero 650 KM '" AO-

yaCTb <!>lOaenAlKa YAn"'H",naCb np",6n",a",TenbHO Ha 0,9 M. 24 ceHTA6pA 1937 r. onblTHblH 06paaell, n",noT",pyeMblH BeAYll.l"'M neT-

AOnOI1HIiITel1bHblMIiI Tonl1li1BHblMIiI 6aKaMIiI), HO

4lo1KOM-lo1cnblTaTeneM

DPIo1CTOl1b

npliICBOlilnlil AJlIiIHHOHOCblM MOAIiI4>IiIKau.IiI~M,

K.<l>.YB"'HCOM, nOAHAnCA B BoaAYx. nocne


nepBoro lKe noneTa, KOTOPblH eABa He aaKOH,,,,nCA KaTaCTpO<!>OH np'" nOCBAKe, YB"'HC OTBepr aTOT Bap",aHT, KaK a6conIOTHO Henp",eM-

KOTopble paan""an"'Cb ,,,,cnOM 6eHa06aKOB.


06e MOAen", OCHall.lan"'Cb 150nee MOll.lHblM'"
AeBAT"'ll",n"'HAPOBblM'" aBeaAo06paaHblM'"

BOJ1bHO )I(anKIiIMIilIO

454

",n",

Kr 60M6 RBHO 6bl11

Manoa<!><!>eKT"'BHblM B aToH pon"" HecMoTpA


Ha ero BbiCOKYIO CKOpOCTb.
BecHoH 1937 r. OAHa ",a cep"'HHblx -eA"'H",YeK' (cep. NQ L1222) 6b1na MOAepH",a",poBaHa B Bap",aHT MKII. 8 KBlKAOH KOHcon",
CMOHTlilPOB8J11i1 AonOI1HIo1Tel1bHble 6eH306aKlo1

06ll.l"'M 06beMoM 850 n, AOBeAA cyMMapHblH


06b8M Tonn"'Ba Ha 60pry AO 2123 n. 3TO noaBon",no nO'T'" YABO"'Tb onepaT"'BHblH PBA"'Yc
AeHcTB"'A, a ReperoHo'HylO AanbHocTb AOBeCT'" AO 2800 KM. nOA BHeWH"'M'" 'aCTAM'"
KOHconeH npeAycMOTpen", yCTpoHcTBa aBapHHHoro C/Uo1Ba Tonl1li1Ba AJlR YMeHbweHIiIR B

cnY"ae He06xoA"'MOCT'" nOCBAO'HOH MaCCbI,


a nOA lleHTponnaHOM CMOHT"'pOBan", ABa
6oM60AeplKaTenA. Ha H"'X MOlKHO 6b1no nOABeC"'Tb no OAHOH 227-Kr 60M6e ",n", no ABe
113,5-Kr. 3TO nOAHAno 60M60BylO HarpyaKY
AO 908 Kr. 8 peaynbTaTe HOBoBBeAeH"'H
BaneTHaA Macca Bblpocna AO 6356 Kr, 'TO He-

eplilPMbI

neMbI~. nOCKOflbKY nlilnOT CIo1AeJ1 Ha npe>KHeM

MeCTe, TO OTA8IlIiIBweeC~ OT Hero n060Boe

CTeKJ10 YlKe He 06ecne''''Bano eMy AOCTaTO'HOro 06aopa, oc06eHHo Ha BaneTe '" nOCBAKe. npOeKT nepepa60Tan"" '" KOHCTpyKTOpbl
nepewn", K TPBA"'ll"'OHHOMy -cryneH,aToMy'
HOCy. OAHaKo l1eT""lIo1KIiI-IiICnblTaTel1li1 OTMe""la-

n""

'TO A/l"'HHblH Bblcryn nepeA n060BblM

TaKOH Bap",aHT 6b1n OTBeprHyr. Ha"'MeHoBaHIiI~ DneHXev.M MKIllIO iii Dl1eHXev.M MKIV

ABlilraTel1~MIiI

B03AywHoro

OXJ1a>KAeHIiI~

-6p"'CTonb-MepKYP"'H XV" 8aneTHaA MOll.lHOCTb KBlKAOrO ",a H"'X COCTaBnAna 905 n.c., a
MaKC"'ManbHaA - 995 n.C. Ha BbiCOTe 2820 M.
CxeMa KpenneH"'A '" ra6ap"'Tbi HOBOro
MepKYPIiI~. He 1i13MeHIiII11i1Cb, no cpaBHeHlil10

C paHH"'M Bap",aHTOM, noaToMy '" KOHCTpyKll"'A MOTOrOHAOn OCTanaCb npelKHeH. KorAB


npo",aBoAcTBO AB",raTeneH CTane npeBbI-

OnLlTHblA BapmlllT .6JIellXeAMa MIdI. (cepHiUu.Di: No L1222) C )I,OnOJIHHTeJlbHWMH 6eHa06aKaMH B KOHCOJIJIX H)I,B}'MlI BHeWHHMH 6oM60)l,ep*2TCJlJlMH. Ha Jle
BOM nO)I,BeweHa 227-Kr 6oM6a, a Ha npaBOM)I,IIe no 113.5 Kr.

raTIiIBHblM 06pa30M OTpa31i1110Cb Ha B3neTHOnOC8A04HblX xapFlKTeplilcTIilKax iii MaKCIiIM8J1b-

HOH CKOpOCT"': OHa ynana AO 380 KM/'. CaMOneT cpaay CTan yAaB"'MbiM A/lA ",cTpe6"'Tel1eC1, OAIiIH04Hbl~ BIiIKKepc B XBOCTOBO~ ry-

1.

pen", C orpaH""eHHbIM CeKTbpOM 06CTpena


He npeACTaBnAn A/lA H"'X cepbeaHOH yrpoabl.

waTb nOTpe6HocT'" BblnycKa caMoneTOB, 6b1no npliIHRTO peweHlile OCHaCTIiITb IiIMIiI y)Ke
Bblnyw,eHHble Dl1eHxeC1MbIMKI. 3TO n03BO-

n",ne ynY"W"'Tb ",x neTHbie xapaKTep"'CT"'K"',


AOBeAA AaHHble AO ypOBHA onbiTHOH Maw"'HbI, paaB"'BaBweH, KaK YlKe rOBop",neCb, AO
459 KM/'. K Ha,any BOHHbI nO'T'" Bce aCKBAPlill1bH. ocHaw,eHHble eAIo1HH""IKaMIiI-, 3a Io1CKllIO""IeHlileM A8IlbHeBOCT04HblX-, ycnel1li1 no-

MeHATb CTapble AB",raTen", Ha 60nee MOll.lHble. TaK KaK KOHconbHble 6aKlillit YAJ1Ii1HeHHblH

HOC 6b1n", BBeAeHbI OAHOBpeMeHHO, TO H'"


OAIiIH 1013 Dl1eHxeHMOB MKIIl- TaK iii He 6b111 no-

CTpoeH. Ii1HOrAB, A/lA Toro 'T06b1 OTMeT"'Tb

HaIlHYHe AOnOJlHHTeJlbHblX 6aKOB. Hcnonb30-

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0603Ha~eH~e

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MKIV-I., a

Ha3BaHHe cc60JlHHr6pOK anOCJleACTBHH npHCBOHJlH cc6JleHXe~MaM. BblnYCKaBWHMCfI B

KaHBAe.
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MOTOpbl, ccYeTBepKa, no MHeH\.11O 60JlbWHHCTBa cTpoeBbix nHJ10TOB, AOBOJlbHO CHllbHO
"CAaIla no cBoe~ cclleT)'YeCT\.1, B cpaBHeHHH

C 60nee paHHe~ MOA~<p~Kal1~e~, oCHaU\eHHO~ AalKe AB~raTen"M~ VIII MOAen~, He roBOP" 'flKe 0 60nee MOU\HO~ XV. XOT" MaKC~
MaJlbHa" CKOpOCTb caM on eTa no o<p~l1~anb
HbiM AaHHblM C HOpMaJ1bHO~ 60M6oBO~ Ha-

rPY3Ko~ 454 Kr COCTaBn"na 428 KM/~ Ha BblCOTe 3600 M, HO 3HaYHTeJlbHOe CHH>KeHHe


npaKT~~eCKOro nOTonKa C 8250 M AO 6700 M
CAenano HOBbl~ 6oM6apA~poBU\~K AOBonbHO
Y"3B~MblM An" 6blCTpO cOBepweHcTBoBaBwe~cfI 3eHIIITHo~ apTlIIllllepllllll.

Cepbe3Hble HapeKaH~" co CTOPOHbI neTYIIIKOB Bbl3b1Ba11111 III npOnellJlepbl eplllPMbI ccJ],eDepBLlH BapHaHT YJVlHHeHHOH HOCOBOH qaCTH, KOTOPaJI npalC'TH1:f"eCKH He H31\o1eHHJla cDoeii KOHqmrypal\HH no cpaDHeHHIO C 6a30DO" MOlI:eJlblO, H JIHlIlb YII:IIHHHJlaCb Ha 0,9 M., 'ITO cepbe3HO orpaHH'lHJlO yTOJI 0630pa C Mecra nHJlOTa.

,,,,""--...,.,,KOMIIOHOBO'lHaH CXeMa ,BJIellXeiiMa

M~

CIIeBa: nepBblH BapHaHT ')J.IIHHHOHOcoro cnaHHeJIJI' (cep. NQ K(072) HCnblTblBaBmHHCl! oceHblO 1937 r.
BHH3Y: OKOH'IaTeJIbHblH BapHaHT

.6JleUXeHl'ta MKIV., 3arrym.eHHblH B


cepHHHoe npOH3BO)l,CTBO.

X3Blt1JlJl3HA, CMoHH1poaaHHbie Ha ABlr1raTeJ1fJX. Xon~ OHlt1 t-1Menlt1 M8xaHV13M lt13MeHeHlt1S1

yrna YCTaHOBK\.1 IlonacTeVl, HO He Mornlt1


"<I>J1tOrepoeaTbCS1, YTO nplll BblxOAe 1113 elpOR
OAHoro \113 MOTOpOB ycnO>KH51JlO m1JlOH1pOaaH~e. Aa",e nocne c6poca 60M6 ~ ablpa60T~~

n04H1 30% 3anaca 6eH3101Ha caMoneT nnOXQ

Aep>Kan ropIo130HT". JleTl.iVn<lt1 TalOKe He 11106\.0111\11 neTaTb C BH8wHelil nOAs8cKoi!l: neperPY)KeHHblVi caMoneT Aonro pa36erancfI III
MeAfleHHO Ha6~pan ablcoTy. B c~ny 3Toro
MaKC~ManbHa" 60M60aa" Harpy3Ka a npou,ecce TpeHVlpoBoK n04TLr1 He VlCnOJlb30a3naCb, a c 6011bWV1HCTsa CaMOJleTOB Hapy>KHbl8

60M60AeplKaTen~ 6bln~

CHHTbl

CAaHbl Ha

CKnBA

Ha6nlOAan~Cb HeAOyeTbl ~ a 60eao" nOA-

rQTOBKe.

K Ha4aJlY

BoillHbI 3Klt1na>KVI 13K lt1 He

OCBOVlIllt1 60M6oMeTaHli18 C nOIlororQ m1Klt1pOaaHIIIR. OCHOBHblM MeTOAOM B03AYWHblX YAaPOB B AHeBHblX ycnoBIi1~X 6b1J1a o:pa60Ta .. no
nJlow,aAli1 no KOMaHAe J1Ii1Aepa (YTO 06b~CHs:t
J10Cb HeBblCOKIi1M KayeCTBOM 60M6apAli1poBOYHblX npli1u,enOB), a B HOYHblX - no pacyery
BpeMeHIi1.
nepBOHayaJ1bHO c<6neHXe&llM MKIVII BbInYCKaJ1C~ C BoopY)KeHIi18M, aHaJ10r1i1YHblM

nepao" MOAen~ (HenOAa~lKHbl" nyneMeT .6paYH~Hr FN. a neao"


KOHcon~ AflH CTpenb6bl anepeA ~
nyneMeT t<BVlKKepc K. B03AYWHoro CTpeJ1Ka B MeXaH&.13Ii1pO-

aaHHO" nonyy6~paeMO" aepxHe" Typen~). K cepeA~He 1938 r.


CTano

OKOHyaTeflbHO

~CHO,

YTO

OHO Tpe6yeT YC\.1J1eH\.1~. nOAB\.1)KHOCTb Type-

n~ B.I MKI a 3BAHe" nonycq,epe 6blnB orpaH\.1yeHa, a yrnbl 06CTpeJ1a ~BHO H8AOCTaTOYHbl. Ha yaCHI o:6J1eHXe~MOB MKI., a 3aTeM \.1

MKIV, aHeAP~n~ ycoaepweHcTaoaaHHylO


Typenb B.I MKII. 3aTeM nOHa~naCb yCTaHoaKa B.l MKIlI C nyneMeToM .B~KKepc K., a
n03lKe - Typenb MKIIIA C AayMH TaK~M~ nyneMeTaM~. OAHaKo ynYYWeH~" npoaoA~
Jl&.1Cb MeAfleHHo, a nOTOMY 6onbwas:t yaCTb

60M6apA~poaw~Koa aCTpeT~na pOKoao"

ceHTH6pb 1939-ro co
M\.1

TypeJ1~M\.1.

CTapblM~

xaOCToabl-

B BAPlI1AHTE lI1CTPE6111TEASI
4~Cne

3aAay, nocraSJl8HHblX nepeA

KOHCTpYKTOpaM~

608aoail aB~au.1<10H
HO~ TeXH~K~ wTa6aM~ SSC B 20-30
rr., OAHa BblAemUlaCb oco6oill CJlQ)I(HQCTblQ
peWeH~". np06neMa 3aKflIO"anaCb B C03Aa-

Ha'-iaIlaCb >Ke 3Ta I.1CTOPI.1R C Toro, '-iTO py-

rp~H'

(peregrine), pa3pa60TaHHbJe <jl~PMO~


(Rolls-Royce), KOTOpble "aCTO

KOBOACTBO It1cTpe61i1TenbHOro KOMaHAOBaHI.1R

.Ponnc-Po~c'

B03HaMepli1nOCb nonY'-iIi1Tb AanbHIi1V1Ii1CTpe61.1-

neperpe8anl.1Cb, '-iTO cepbe3HO CHI.1>Kano I-1X

Tenb AM COnpOBO><AeH~" 60M6apA~pOBU\~

HaAe>KHOCTb B AJ1Lt1TenbHblX naTpynbHblx no-

KOB.

HI-1Io1 AsyxMOTopHoro CKOpOCTHoro caMOfl8Ta

K 3TOMy 38AaHIi1IO npli1COeAI.1Hl.1nOCb 1.1


6eperOBoe KOMaHAOBaH~e. EMy 6blna He06-

neTax, He yCTpol.1na 3aKa3'-iI.1Ka


C H8M8HbWi-1ML.1 npo6n8MaML.1

MHorou,en880ro Ha3Ha48HIIlR. OH AomKeH

XOALt1Ma MaWLt1Ha, cnoc06HaR ocyw.eCTBnRTb

1.1 ABl.1raTenVlCTbl Q>Ii1PMbl 5pLt1CT011bll, npo-

6bln COnpOBOll(AaTb 60M6apA~poBU\~K~ np~


Hanerax Ha ll,enli1 Bmy6oKoM TblJlY npOH1BHI4Ka, seCH" pa3S8,ll,Ky H3 onepan1BHoaillo1 crpaTeno148cKoai! rny6Lo1H8, .neClcTBoaaTb B POJ1&.1
CKOpOCTHoro 60M6apA~poBU\~Ka, n~K~pOB

naTpynlo1poBaHli1e B IO>KHOVI '-iaCTLt1 CeBepHoro

eKTVlpyR MOTOpbl AJlR TR>K8noro L.1Crpe6Io1Te-

MOpR, KOTopoe Morno OKa3aTbCR nOA KOHTpO-

11"

11eM HeMeu,KVlx \.1cTpe6l.1T8n8H 6eperOBoro

lJ,Vls:l 1.1 3Toro npoeKTa TaK>Ke 3aTRHynaCb.


Tyr-To III BCnOMHlr1nVl 0 6neHxeVlMe MKI,

6a3I.1pOBaHI.1R.

.6blO<jla~Tep".

1.1 AanbHOCTb.

cTonKHynlo1cb

S pe3ynbTaTe

pean~3a

1l.ll<1Ka, wrypMoBVlKa 1-1111-1 Aa)K8 TopneAOHOC-

<%laBopVlTOM C'-iI-1TanCR onblTHbl~ 06pa3elJ"


cnp08Kn1pOBaHHblH cPLt1PMO~ BecTnaHA

L1a. Ycnex pa3pa60TK~ BO MHorOM 3aB~cen aT


n8THbiX xapaKTep14CH1K 633080\4 MOAem1, a
raK>K8 oco6eHHocr8ail ee KOHcrpyKll,ltU1, OCHa-

(Westland) ~ cOBepw~Bw~~ nepBbl~ noneT B


<jleBpane 1937 r. nOA MapKo~ P-9. no CBO~M
pa3MepaM OH He Ha MHOro npeBOCXOA~n OA-

U\eH~" ~ BoopYJKeH~".

~OMOTOPHbIVi IIICTpe6V1Tenb. np\.1 B3neTHoil!


Macce 4568 Kr caM011eT no MaKC\.1ManbHoil!

MeTHoro Boopy>KeHVlR 3a C'-ieT CHRH1R '-iaCTIo1

CKOpocm onepeA~n He TOnbKO "Xapp~Ke~H"


(Hurricane), HO ~ "HBAe><AY HaL1~~" - HOBe~
w~~ .Cn~T<jla~p (Spitfire), pa3B~B Ha BblCOTe 4570 M 579 KM/"' SoopY)l(eHHbl~ KBapTe-

HO-TeXH\.1'-ieCKlr1e xapaKTepLr1CTVlKLr1 6a3080Lll

TOM 20-MM aBTOMaTVI'-ieCKIi1X nYW8K 5pl.1T~w-lI\cnaHo


HS404"
(Sritish-Hlspano

n\.1 3a6nOKVlposaHbi B 3aKpblTOM nonO)KeHVlVI,

HeCMorpR Ha npOTIo1BopelllllBOCTb III RBHylO


aM6V1lJ,Vl03HOCTb

rpe60aaHVlVl,

nO,ll,06HbI8 Ma-

WlI1HbI nO,ll,tn"M8mllCb B He60, npOXOAV1J11i1 li1CnbiTaHIIlR, 3anYCKaJ1V1Cb B ceplt'uo. Ho aHrm1yaHaM K Hayany

STope II! M\IlPOBOLil BOHHbI T3K III

He YAanOCb C03AaTb HI.1 OAHoro nO-HaCTORLlt8My YAa'-iHOrO TR>K8nOro I.1cTpe6l.1TenR.


,,5neHxeHM MKIF, RBnRBWI.1HCR I.1cTpe61.1-

HS404) C

cYMMapHo~ Macco~

ceKyHAHoro

TenbHot1 MOAI.1Q>I.1KalJ,l.1e~ CKOpOCTHoro 60M-

3anna C8blwe

6apA~pOBU\~Ka, 6bln BeCbMa AaneK OT ~Aea


na, KaK 1.1 60nbWI.1HCTBO npeABoeHHblX KOHCT-

nOMKIo1 nlO6oil!Ii13 Bpa)l(8CKIi1X 60M6oB030B.

PYKL1~~

cranVi H8AOBeAeHHble ABVIrarenl.1 "nepe-

nOA06Horo T~na.

Kr, OH Mor npeBpaTVlTb B 06-

OAHaKo "aXL.1nnecoBoil! nRToJi1ll MaWLt1Hbl

KOTOPblJi1 nO-npe>KHeMy OCTa8anCR caMblM


6b1CTPOXOAHblM 1.13 aHrnVlVlCKIo1X 60M6apAVIPOBU\~KOB.

3aAaH~e

Ha ~cTpe6~TenbHbl~

Bap~aHT

npeAycMaTplo1Bano TOllbKO YCl.1neHl.1e nyne-

60M6apA~pOBO"HOrO,

"TO COXpaH"nO neT-

MOAenLr1. BbinonHRR ero, I.1H>KeHepbl MOAep


HVl301pOBanLt1

cepl4V1HbI~

(cep. N. L1424).

CTBOPK~

,,6n8HxeJi1M

MKI ..

60M600TceKa 6bl-

B HVIX npope3anl.1 OTBepCTVlR AJlR pyKasoB

naTpOHHblX neHT.

naTpOHHble RLltVlKIi1 AnR


.6paYH~Hr FN. pa3Me-

7,71-MM nyneMeToB

CTI.1JlI.1 B 60M600TceKe. LjeTbipe nyneMeTa


YCTaHOBl.1nl.1 B CbeMHOM KOHTeVlHepe, KOTO-

PbJ~ CMOHT~pOBan~ nOA 6plOXOM cnaH~e


n"". 06U\~~ 3anac K 3TO~ .6aTapee COCTaBn"n 2000 naTpoHoB. Macca KOHTe~Hepa C
AonOnHVlTeJlbHblM BOOpY>K8HVleM 1.1 6oenpVlnaCaMlr1 OKa3aJlaCb 3Ha'-iI.1TenbHO MeHbwe,

"eM nOnHa" 60M60Ba" Harpy3Ka. np~ He06XOAVIMOCTVI Ha ABa nOAKpblnbeBbix 60M60Aep>KaTenR (aHanOrLr1'-iHblM TeM, KOTopble
6blnVl anp06V1pOBaHbI Ha A80VlKe) MO>KHO

6blno nOABew~BaTb ABe 227 -Kr 60M6bl ~n~


no nape 113,5-Kr. fleTHble AaHHble B OCHOBHOM OCTanlllCb npe>KHI4MIo1, a cKoponOAbeMHOCTb Aa)Ke HeCKonbKO yny'-iWLt1JlaCb. KOHTe~Hepbl C nyneMeTHblM Boopy>KeHVleM Ha-

'-ian BblnYCKaTb OAVlH 1.13 MTeH8BblX 0pY)KeLllHblX 3aBOAOB IO>KHOH >Kene3HOAOp0>KHOVI


KOMnaH~~'

(Southern Raiiway Company) B

AWQ>oPAe, V13rOTOBLr1BWI.1V1 3a BpeMR BOLllHbl

1375 nOA06HbiX KOMnneKTOB.


KaK nOKa3anl.1 BCKope Ha'-iaBWVleCR 60e
8b1e AeVlcTBVlR, 6neHxeVlMbi MKIFIO 6b1nVl, no-

>KanyH,

Hal.160nee HeYAa'-iHbIMVlIi13 Bcex TR)Kenblx V1cTpe6V1Tene~, 8cTynl.18wVlx B CTpOVI B


nep~oA

1939-1941 rr.

OAHOMOTOPHbl~

.Xap-

pLt1Keil!H npeBOCXOAl.1n CBoero AByxMOTOpHO-

ro c06paTa no BoopY)l(eH~1O BABoe, ~Me" 8

nepOOH3QaJIbHO I1crpe6HTeJlbHoe H
Beperoooe KOM3H,l1;003HIDI C,lJ,eJIaJ1H
craoKy 113 AOyxMOTOpHWH Hcrpe6HTeJJ.b <!>HpMbJ .BeCTJlaH)J.t, O,lJ;HaKO He
)l,OBe,lJ;eHHOCTb CHlIOBOH YCTaHOBKH
nO~leUlaJIa ::ITOH nepcne......HBHoH ~Ia

UlHHe 3aHlITb ,lJ.OCTot'Uloe lueCTO B ap-

ceH:lJJe KopOJleocKHX

BBC.

PeaJIH331.\ID1 nporp3M>tW HCTpe6HTeJIbHOJ'O B3pHaHTa .6J1enXeHM MKJFt,


6bV13 B 3H3QHTeJIbHOH creneHH BhIt~eIUIOH:~lepOH, n03BOJlHBWeH B

KOpoTKHe CpOKH nOJIY'lHTb He06xo,lJ,HMoe KOJlH'leCI'BO naTPYJlbHblX CaMOJleTOB, XOT" H C HeBbJCOKH!\IH J1CTtlbIMH
,lJ;aHHhlJ\oIH. Ha CHHMKe C3MOJleTbi

601-if.

aCK~pHJlbH, 3BHa6a33 XaH,ZJ.OH lUlH


BHrrHH XHJIJJ, Jle')'O 1939 r.

JIyqWHl'tl TJI)KeJlblM Hcrpe6HTe.T(e~1 K

BecloMa rpo3111>1M npoTHBHHlCOM JlB.;IJlJICli H lIIIlOIl1~


CICHH .y6.m~ I\paKoHoB' KH45. 3Ty JIencyIO H
BepTICylO MaDIHuy OTJIH'laJIa npeBocxOWlaJI aapoo

HaqaJl)' BTOpon MHpoBOn BOnHM 6WJI,


HCCOMHCHHO, nCMeU;KHH Bf110C, COqe

WlHaMHKa, MOUl,HloIe I\BHraTeJIJI H I\OBOJIIo80 CII.IQo,.


Hoe BOOPYlKeHHe.

'faBWH" ,lI,OCTaTOlJHO BblCOKHe JICTHbIe

1\3HHble H 'IOUl,Hoe BOOpY'",eHHe.


nyIleMeToB Taro )l(e KaIlLil6pa, KaK Lil HOBeallWl.1c;

.Cn~T<I>a~p . npeBOCXOACTBO B orHeBO~ MO,


~1.1 HOBoro HeMeLl,Koro pa3pYWLilTeIl51 MeccepWM~TTa BlllOC

(Messerschmitt Bfl10C),

CKOHCTpyl.1poBaHHoro BI.111IlVl MeccepWMVlTTOM Lil HayaBWero nocrynaTb C 5lHBap51 1939

r.

Ha BOOpy>KeHLile 3CKaAP T51)Ke11blX LilCTpe6I.1Te-

ne~ JlIO<I>TBa<l><I>e, BblmOAeno ellje 60nee Bne


"aTnOlOllj~M.

Macca ceKyHAHoro 3anna


MKIF. paBHonacb 0,7 Kr, a y
Bfl10C OHa COCTaBnona 2,35 Kr np~"eM. ~3
6neHxe~Ma

3Toro KOllWleCTBa 1,65 Kr npLo1xoALilllOCb Ha

ABe 20'MM nYWK~ MG/FF, KaJK,QaO ~3 H~X 3a


OAHy ceKyHAY Bbl6paCblBana no AecoTb OCKO'
nOYHO-<pyracHblx CHap5lAOB. ,Qeal1CTBLo1e 3H1X
90-rpaMMOBbix ocrOCTI.1HLI,eBlO 6b1110 ropa3AO
6011ee COKpYWI.1Te11bHblM He)Ke111.1 10-rpaMMoBb/X 6paYHLo1HrOBCKVlX ny11b. 3HaYLo1Te11bHblM
6b1IlO Lo1 npeBOCXOACT80 HeMeLl,KorO LilCTpe6Lil-

Teno B CKOPOCT~ noneTa: 540 npOT~B 460 KM/"


Y 6neHxe~Ma MKIF. Aa ~ no 60M60BO~ Ha
rpY3Ke npe~MYlljeCTBO OCTaBanOCb Ha CTOpO'
He HOBoro Meccepa: 700 Kr npoT~B 454 Kr y
aHrllLilal1CKOa/1 MaWItlHbI.
E,nLo1HcT8eHHa51 xapaKTepltlCTLo1Ka, no KOTOPOal1 cnaHltleIlb ll He 3HaIl B Hayane KOHKypeH1l,1It\.1, 6b111a AaIlbHOCTb nOlleTa, paBHa5l nOYTvt

TOMaraaKoa \.1 ",XapPLilKeal1H08 Ha KpyrblX

Bo

BTOPO~ nonOB~He

1938 r., KorAa

<I>~P'

aLilpa:>KaX, Aa vt "Ha aepn1KaIl5lX OHLil ablAe11bl-

Ma 6PLo1CT0l1b 3aHVlMa11aCb peafll.13aLl,Lo1eal1

aaIlLil TaKLo1e aeUJ,Lo1, YTO y Hac, nOHaYaIlY, Yyrb

nporpaMMbI T5l)Ke11orO Lo1CTpe6I.1Tel15l, B rl1aB

rna3a He IlonaIlVlCb OT YAI.1BneHLo15l ... Boopy-

HOM wTa6e

)l(eHlo1e '"ToplOlO 6b1110 AOB011bHO MOUJ,HblM: ABa

BOAY, camaCHO KOTOpOMy 06eCneY~Tb 6e30-

12,7'MM nyl1eMeTa ~ OAHa 20'MM nywKa (KO'


MG/FF) 0611JAal1~ CYMMapHO~
Macco~ ceKyHAHoro 3anna 2,53 Kr, "TO npeA'
CTaBn0l10 HeMal1YIO yrp03Y AM 111060ro ~3 co
n~o HeMel.\KO~

KOpOl1eBCK~X BBe np~wl1~

K Bbl'

naCHOCTb 06beKTOB, HaXOA5lUJ,I.1XC5l Ha TeppLo1TOpLo1Lo1 MeTponOl1Lo1Lo1 B

HO~Hoe

BpeM5l, aSLo1a-

L1,1.15l Era Be11VlyeCTBa 6blIla He B COCT05lHLo1Lo1.

1700 KM (y BfllOoHa nOHa"any He npeBblwana


1000 KM). OAHaKO ~ JABCb BCKope nOOB~n~Cb

103Hb/X caMOIleTOB Taro 8peMeHLo1. Ho 3a Bce

conepHLilKLil. ~nOHCKLo1a11 AByxMOTOpHblaII I.1CTpe-

HaAO nnaTLilTb: .. y6lo11i1L1,a APaKOHOS" He Lo1Me11

CTaTb pa3Mew,eH~e Ha Lo1CTpe6Lo1Tell5lX PClALo101l0KaTopOB, TeM 6011ee, YTO Ha3eMHble CII1CTe-

6~Tenb <I>~PMbl KaBacaK~ K~45 .ToplO. (c


on. - y6~~l.\a ApaKOHOB) 06nJAan AanbHOCTblO
B 2250 KM ~ CKOPOCTblO B540 KM/", np~ B3neT'

60M6apA~pOBO"HOrO

~ )K~.

Mbl 06HaPY"'eH~O B03AYWHblX l.\el1e~, pa60

ByyeCTb ero 6blf1a HeAOCTaTOYHOal1 (OTCyrCT-

TalOUJ,vte Ha OCHOBe npLo1HLI,Lilna ,Qonnnepa, Y:>K8


YCTaHaBl1Lo1Ba11Lo1Cb nOYTI.1 no BceMy nepLo1MeT-

HOa/1 Macce Ha TOHHy MeHbwe, yeM y .. 611eH-

BnpO"eM, HeManylO pal1b B Bonpoce np~


HRTLo15l Ha Boopy>KeHLo1e .. 6IleHXeallMa MKIF. Cbl-

xe~Ma

MKIF., - Bcera 5480 KC ABa AB~raTeno


MOLi1HOCTblO no 1080 n.c. <I>~PMbl .M~l.\y6~

BoopY)KeH~O,

Aa

BOaaf1~ Aa:>Ke 6pOHecnLo1HKI.1).

rpal1Lo1 sonpocbI 3KOHOMLo1KLo1 Lo1 ew,e 6011ee BIDK-

py n06epe)KbO AHrn~~.
OAHaKO Maccora6ap~THble napaMeTpbl
annaparypbl (MoAel1b AI MKI), pa3pa60TaH'

CIIt" 1.1 Bem1K0l1enHa5l a3pOAI.1HaMI.1Ka AeIlaIlI.1

Hbl~

Ba

HO&ll aHrm1a11CKIIIMLo1 CneLl,V1aIlLo1CTaMIIl K KOHll,y

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pLo1aHTbl "eALo1HlIIyeK Lo1 YeTBepOK He Bblnyc

Taro )Ke rOAa, He n03B0l1Hl1111 pa3MeCH1Tb ee

nOMI.1HaHII15lM aMepLilKaHcKLilx 1.1 aHrnl.1a11CKLilX

Ka11VlCb aBllla3aaOAaMLo1, nepe060pYAoaaHLile

Ha OAHOMeCTHOM caMoneT8. ,QOCTaTOYHO

nLil110TOB, BoeaaaWLilX a 6Lo1pMe Lil Ha HoaoY!

60M6oB030B npoLo1CXOALo1110 B peMOHTHbiX MacTepCKIIIX \.-1 HenocpeACTBeHHO B yaCT5lX B nOl1e-

300 Kr, "TO

SbiX YC110BLo15lX.

110Cb 6bl Ha CKOpOCTHblX xapaKTepLo1CTLo1Kax

rBIitHee, 3TII1 smOHCKHe AayxMoTOpHI-1KVI 3a-

npocTO

YXOA~n~ ~3 np~l.\enoB ~x

.6a<l><I>aI10.,

<l>aKTOp

BpeMeH~. V1cTpe6~Tel1bHble

V"lAeaIlbHblM peweHllleM np06neMbi Morna 6b1

cKa3aTb, YTO Bec CTaHLI,LilLo1 COCTaB115111 nOYTLo1


nary6He~w~M

06pa30M CKa3a

.Cn~Tlpa~pOB' ~ .Xapp~Ke~HOB"
Barb >K8 KOm1Y8CTBOM

TQnflYlBa Ha

OP~Hfl

nOJKepTBO-

\113nY"alO~YIO

MeCTOM wrypMaHa.

L.1J1H 3anaCOM

60pry HL.1 KOHcrpyKTopbl,

HIo1 B08H-

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Ha

BoopYJKeH~e.

OAHaKo 3a

TaK~e

ynY"we

aHTeHHy YCTaH08~nlo1 B HOCOBoiil '-IaCTL-1 caMO-

HV1f1 npV1wnocb 3an11aTL1Tb V13PflAHblM

11eTa nepeA OCTeKJ1eHHeM Ka6HHbI Ha BblHe-

'-IeHHeM nOneTHO&ll MaCCbl Io1CTpe6li1TeJ1f1: Te-

Hbl8 He pHcKHynli1 ..

ceHHoiil BnepeA WTaHre. ,l],Be a3lo1Myra11bHble

HeMan~e TPYAHOCT~ npeACTaBn.na ~


pa60Ta C pnc: 06HapYJKeH~e B03AYWHO~

CTopOHax MOTorOHAon, a YeTb'pe

npli1eMHble aHTeHHbI nOCTaBL-111101 Ha

BHeWH~X

pear~pylO

nepb PaAap

Bec~n nOYT~

500 or, T.e.

YBell~

npeB~

wan no 3TOMy nOKa3aTellID wTaTHylO 60M60

BylO Harpy3Ky, a nOA .6pIOXOM cnaH~enR

u,enll1, a caMoe rnaSHoe 06eCneY8HH8 BblXO-

w,\Ile Ha c~rHa11 no BbiCOTe - C Ka)f(,lJ,oiil CTOPO-

60nTancfI ew,e VI nY11eMeTHblC1 KOHTe~Hep c

Aa nepeXaaTYIo1Ka elil -8 XBocr, rpaHYl4V1flL.1 C

Hbi o6e\llx KOHco11el:1. neN\IlKY HO'-lHoro lr1CTpe-

60e3anacoM ..

Io1CKYCCTBOM VI flBJlRJH1Cb rpYAHeYlwelil 3aAa-

6101Tenfl C11eAOBa110 BblBeCT\Il caM011eT B TaKoe

KCTaTVI rOBopfl, nOflBIo1BWIo1eCfI BnocneACTB~~ HOYHble ~cTpe6~Ten~ .6blOq,a~Tep."

'-lelil. npL.1l.jLi1Ha

Y)Ke

6blna

B TOM, \.ITO CTaBwero

nonO)l(eHVle, KorAa Clo1rHan OT SepXHlAX npllleM-

AaBHO npVlBbll.jHblM AJlR Hac Li\HALitKarOpa

HbiX aHTeHH ypaaHoBewlIlBa11cfI 6b1 CL-1rHanOM

MOCKI4TO TalOKe HeCKonbKO npolllrpblBam.,

OT HIo1:>KHIo1X, Io1Ha'-le rOBopfl Bem1YIo1Ha '-IeTbipeX

no CKOpOCTHbiM xapaKTeplo1CTl4l<aM

~eCTBOBaJlO. Orpa)K8HHblYi OT Lt81l101 Cli1rHan

~MnynbcoB Ha

60M6apA~pOBOYH~M~

nocTynan

TIo1'-lHOIil no Bem1'-1L-1He VI clIlMMeTpVl'-lHOiil no

BaTenbHblM CL1CTep-wlIlnaM. npa.1'-1""Ha 6b1-

paCn0110)l(eHV11O OTHOCVlTenbHO nepneHALi1KY-

11a eo ec~x cn~aftx OAHa a.1 Ta>l<e - TfI)I(enbl~

11f1PHblX ocelil. T04HO TaK )l(e Tpe6oea11ocb

PaAap,

ypaBHsHb a.1 ABa CL1rHana C a3li1Myra11bHblx aH-

Ba He C6POCIo1Wb a.1 He conbeWb ..

KpyroBoro 0630pa (\IIKO) TorAa

Tpy6K~

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(3nT). OAHa

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HanpaBneH~e (a3~Myr) ~ AanbHOCTb AO 06beKTa, a APyra51 onpeA8mUla, B aepxHelil IMH1


H~JKHe~ nonycq,epe HaxOA~TC. 06HapyJKeH-

TeHH,

3nT AOnJKHa

nocrynaBw~x

6~na 6~Tb ~AeH

Ha BTOpylO

3m:

Heyero

KOTOP~~

TeM 60nee

CBO~M

pa3BeA~'

B OTn~Y~e OT 60M6 ~ Ton",,-

HaAo-nli1 rOBOpli1Tb, '-ITO pa60TbI Benli1Cb B

ceKpeTe. 0

Hbllit caMon8T. OAHaKO cyw,eCTB8HHblM He-

rOBopV1Tb, '-ITO ycnex VlCnblTaHa.11il B OCHOBHOM

CTpOJKa~WeM

AOCTaTKOM nocneAHero ~HA~KaTopa 6~no

3aSIo1ce11 OT B3ali1MonOHL1MaHI-1f1 Me)l(,[l,y nl-1no-

MOC1 nporpaMMbI 3HaIl BeCbMa OrpaHYI'-leHHbI"

TaMli1 li1 oneparOpaML1.

~n~ H~JKe HaXOA~TC. 06HapyJKeHHa. L1enb.


101 rOBOpli1Tb, 4TO AllR nl.l1J1QTa OAHO-

cnli1WKOM 06Ha.o,e)l(L1BalOw,Io1MV1: MaKCL1Manb-

Pe3ynbTaTbi

Heyero

M8CTHoro IilCrpe6lilTeml

BblnOJlHe~H1e

nepe-

Haft

a.1cnblTaHI-1I11

AanbHOCTb

n~L1,

Kpyr

TO, YTO QH He nOKa3blsan, HaCKQflbKO Bblwe

OKa3anVlCb He

06HapY)l(eHI-1~ uen~ Ta.1na

XBaTa c nOMOUJ,blO 3TOlit wryKL.1 6blflO nO'-lTlIl

AeyxMoTopHblC1 60M6apAV1pOBW,VlK COCTaslo1-

H8MblCJlIIIMOYl

na Yyrb 60nee

OAHO~ M~n~

KOTOP~~

MbeP-Mli1HYlCTI1!
TeM~

Ha

He

BXOA~n

ca-

AalKe npe-

nVlWb nocne nplllHflH1S1 C\o1C-

BOOPY"'eH~e CTpoeB~X YaCTe~

nOCB~w,eHHblX

pa.

V1

cy~ecTBoBaH~~

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Ha'-l3J1 paCWl.1pSHbCfI, a HeKOTO

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B npec

(oKono 2 KM), a

cy. BnpOyeM, B03MO:>KHO 3Ta yreYKa 6b1na op-

BcnOMH~m1 0 XOHl ~ He C11~WKOM 6b1CTPO-

M~Ha.1ManbHafl Ali1CTaHlJ,L1~ 3aXBaTa 60nbwe

raHYl30eaHa BblCWI-1M pyKOBOACTBOM C u,e11bIQ

XOAHblX, HO 3aTO rpY30nOAbeMHblX, a caMoe

400 M, '-ITO n03Bommo TonbKO B nyHHylO HOYb

yMepVlTb B03MO)l(HOe )l(enaHYle KOMaH.,nOBaH\o1S1

rnaBHoe

cnaHL-1enflX".

npOAOn)l(V1Tb C6nV1>KeHV1e C lJ,enblO Ha OCHOBe

nlOq,TBaq,q,e Cpa3Y nocne Hayana BO~H'" np"-

nOcneAHee TaK :>Ke 6b1no Ba)l(HO, nOCK011bKY

3aAayelil.

BOT

MHorOMeCTHblX!)

TorAa-TO

L.1

BV13YaIlbHOrO KOHTaKTa. He cnVlWKOM 60nb-

crynV1Tb K HO\.lHblM 60M6e)l(KaM 06beKTOB Ha

~CTpe

W\IlM nOAcnopbeM 6b111L1 li1 BblxnonHble OrHa.1,

reppl4TOpli11-1 AHrnlo1V1.

6~Ten. YBen~Y~Bana waHC~ 06HapYJK~Tb


npOTL-1BHL-1Ka.

3aMeTli1Tb no H\IlM caMoneT MO)l(HO 6blno,

KaJKAa.

n~WH

napa rna3 Ha 60pTy

Cq,OpM~pOBaHHa"

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cneL1~

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TonbKO
I

HaxoA~cb cTporo

C3aA\.1 Hero L1nVl Kor-

K nery 1939 r., KorAa ~cn~TaH~. PaA~ono


KaTopoB '-IeTBepTOIl1 MOAenL-1 3aBepWVln\l1Cb,

Aa AB\.1raTenli1 lJ,en\ll pa60Ta1114 Ha pe)l(li1Me

AByXMOTOpHblMV1

MaKC~ManbHOC1 MOW,HOCTVI.

YKOMnneKTOBaH~ 23, 25, 29, 600, 601-" "


604-. 3cKaAP~nb~,6a3~poBaBw~ec.BMeTpo-

li1cTpe6linenSlMli1

6b1Jn1

y~na

FlU (Fighter Interception Unit), BCKope nonyweCTb 6neHxe~MoB MkIF ~ np~cryn~

K BeCHe 1939 r. nO.B~naCb MOAenb AI


Mkll, a neTOM ~ Mklll, Ha KOTOPO~ YAanocb

11a K li1cnblTaHL-1f1M annaparypbl L-1 Bblpa6oTKli1

pa3AB\.1Hyrb rpaHIIllJ,b1 30HbI YCToC1Ya.1BOrO

30-" - B nanecmHe ~ 8-. (cMewaHHa")


HaXOA~Bwa.c. B AAeHe. OAHaKO B nepBYJO

TaKT~K~ HOYHOro nepexBaTa. CTaHL1~~ pa3Me-

06HapYJKeH~.

O'-lepeAb KOMnneKTbI annaparypbl 6b111\11 Ha-

CH111L-1 B epI03e11f1:>Ke n03a.n101 Ka6101Hbi m1110TOB,

240 M

a 06e

3nT

CMOHTlo1po8an~ Ha naHHe11101 nepeA

AO 3 KM .no-MaKc~MoMY ~
3TOT pe3ynbTaT co-

"no-M~H~MOMY",

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AJ1~

npVlHSln1~

C14CT8MbI

non~~,

npaBneHbt Aflfl yCTaHoBKIIl Ha caMoneTbi '-lacTell1, 06eCne'-lVlBaBWIo1X nBO Benli1K06pL-1TaH\I1I1l.

HA nOPOrE BOVlHbl
KOHL1Y neTa 1938 r. ~3 L1eXOB q,~PM~

B TO :>Ke BpeM~ Bce AseHaAuaTb '-laCTe~

",6PIo1CT011b BblW11~ 646 "eA~H""'-IeK.

ceHT.6p. ~x ycnen~ nonY"~Tb 21, 53, 59, 82,


104-. ~ 139-. 3CKaAP~n,b~. nOcneAH~M~,

2-~ aB~arpynn~ 60M6apA~pOBOYHOrO Ko-

nowaAeC1 .. 3KL1na)l(a.1 101-C1 VI 114-C1. K HayallY

11a.nKa C60P04HblX 11L-1HV1V1 3aAep)l(am1 BblnycK

ew,e e Mli1pHOe BpeMft, nplo1crynlo1nH K nepeoc-

-'-leTBepoK, nOCTaB11eHHblX "Ha nOTOK" Tonb-

Ha~eH~1O 107-. ~

KO B MapTe 1939 r. B pe3ynbTare AO ceHT.6p.


1939 r. 3aBOA B <l>~moHe nOK~Hyn~ n~Wb 194

11y 60eeblx AeC1cTB~~ ",6neHx8l11M MKI n04T14

aB~arpynna B q,eBpane Hayana nepeBoopyJKaTbC. Ha HOB~e cpeAH~e 60M6apA~poB


~~K~ ,X3MnAeH' (Hampden) ~ K ceHT.6plO

nonHOCTblO I.1C'-Ie3 143 60eBoro COCTaea \.Iac-

Bce AeCSlTb ee 3CKaAPl.1nV1H Y>I<e OCBOIll!l1ll 3TIIl

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aB~a3aBoA~, np~HaAneJKaBW~e

Tepp~TOp~~ MeTponon~~. \113 60eB~X

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.ABpo,

Pyre, ew,e ",rHa11L-1" co CBm1X KOHBeiilepoB

paHH1010

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11 0-.

3CKaAP~nb~. K Haya-

MaHAOBaHIo1Sl nepewnlll Ha yeTBepK\Il. 5-51

caMoneTbi. Ha eAVlHcTBeHHYIO oCTaBwylOcR B

3CKaA-

ee COCTaBe 62-10 3CKaAP~nblO, BoopyJKeH-

plo1nlo1&1l OH coxpaHIo1ncSl T011bKO 8 lB-&Illi1 57 -~, a

HylO eAIo1HV1'-lKaMI.1, B0311aranOCb BeAeHlIle

BblAaB AO Hayana

Tal< )1(8 B L1cTpe6V1TenbHblX '-IaCTflX. npaBAa,

aB~apa3BeAK~ HaA

BOVlHbI 145 ~ 244 MaW~Hbl COOTBeTCTBeHHO.

AOBonbHO MHoro caMoneTOB 3T0ll1 MOAVlepVl-

nli1 AD Ha'-lalla BoillHbI BMeCTe C 34-iIl, V1MeB-

KaUIllli1 OCTaea110Cb Ha 6a3ax AonroepeM8HHO-

weill MaWli1HbI Toro )l(e Tl-1na, ee nepeAlIlcno-

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161 caMoneT 6",n c06paH ~3


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yero 06e q,~PM~ TaKJKe nepewn~ Ha B~nycK

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nOTepJlBlliaJI B JleT'}"Iecrn .tleTBepK3.,

craJla 60JIee crpOlKe .. YlKe 6b1J1a He


CKJlOHHa npollJ,aTb omH6KH npH nHJIOTHPOB3HHH. CMecrHBwHHCJI nne-

pel\lJ,eHTp T>llKeCTH Tpe60BaJI aKKYpaTHoro npHMeHeHHH TOp1\1030n H3

npo6el'e, B npOTHBHOM ClI)"lae MamHH3 neH36e)I(Ho craHOBHJl3Cb .H3 no-

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YOTrHC"'M, CeHT>l6pb 1939 1'.

MopeM, HO 3a ABe HeAe-

.IiJlCHXClh, MK)' nCpBLIX ccpHii (C y6HpaC'


Mofl XBOCTOBOil CTOHKOi'1 maceH) H3 cocl'aua
114}, 3CK3J\PHJILH KOpOJlCBCKHX BBC. BCJIH'
Ko6pH'l'aHIUI, aBHaua3a YHTOH, neena 1937 I'.

.liJJcnxcii.. MKI. ncpBLIX ccpHii (c y6Hpac


MOM: X.BOCTOBOH CTOHKO(I UlaCCH) 113 COCT3n3

90ii 3CKall,pHJILH KOpOJlCBCKnx BBC. BCJlHKo,


GpHTaHHlI, aBua6a3a IiH'ICcrCp, OCCHL 1938 r .

IiJJCnxCMM MKIF. H3 cocraua 25-M 3CK3J\PHIlhH KOpOJlCUCKHX BBC. BCJlHKo6pHTaHHJI,


aUHa6a3a XOKHHII,;K, 311Ma 1938 - 1939 rr.

.BJlCnxCIDl MIdV. H3 COCTaua 110-M 3CK3J\PHJILH KOpOJlCUCKHX BBC. BCJlHKo6pHTaHHlI, aUHa6a3a YOTTHCffiM, UCCHa 1939 r .

IiJJCnxCMM MKIV. H3 cocraua 59-ii 3CK3J\PHIlLH KOpOJlCUCKHX BBC. <l>paHI.\HJI, aUHa6a3a


DoiiKC, OCCHL 1939 r.

aIJHClle nOCJJt;II;HUX 'IaCTeH ycneBwux nOJIY'IHTI> .BJIeUXeHMhI MKIV. nepe,ll BOHHOH 6hIJIa 139-" 3CKa,ll;PWIbJI BXO,llHBlliaa B
2A aBHarpyllnhl BoM6apJIHpOBO'lHoro KOMaH,llOBaHHJI H 6a3HpoBaBwaJlCJI Ha aBHa6a3e YHTOH.

Cl.lVlTanCfl 81 caM01l8r. Ho c::'Moe TR:t:.enoe


nOJlO>KeHl.1e CJlQ)KII1JlOCb B 4-Li1 aSlr1arpynne:

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3CKaAPlr1Jlblr1 VlcnOflb30Balll.1Cb Kat< y'-le6HbI8.

HLr1fl smoHcKo~ arpeCCL.1V1 B IOro-BocTo4HoLil


A3"", KOTopoe Morna Ha4aTbC" -nOA wyMOt< H8Kan14BWeVlCfl 06craHOBKL.1 B Espane.
Paccram1cb co cnaH\I18mIM14>o V1 3KVlna>KVl

B nOCJl8,QHIr1X 4L-tCJlaX aarycra K HIilM npVlcoeA"H"n"Cb 106-" " 108-", OCHal11eHHble

44-1i1 111 61-Li1 3CKaAPV1JH.1C1, nonYYVlB B3aM8H


.. Xa.QCOHbl" OH~ nepewn~ B COCTaB 6epero-

Aam1 B CDCTaB TpeHVlpOBOl.JHOrO KOMaHAO-

Boro KOMaHAOBaH"". nOcneAH~e cep""

na OCTaBneHa

.. 6neHxe~MOB MKI .. , nOK~HYBw~e 3aBO.QbI B


KOHue 1939 r., ~cnonb30Ban~Cb AJl~ nepe-

HO n~Wb OKono 400 ~3 H~X 6b1n~ cospe-

oCHaw,eH~~ ~ AOYKoMnneKToBaH~~ l.IaCTe~

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3a py6elKoM. B OCHOBHOM "X pacnpeAen"n~


MelK,l:\y 11,30,45,55, 113-<1 " 211-i< 3CKaA-

MOl11b 6blna B 3Ha4~TenbHoi< CTeneH~ 3<!>eMepHa. nOM"MO OTKpOBeHHO cna60i< BblY4-

B03AYWHblX <!>noTax nlO<!>TBa<!><!>e, A"Cnolj"pOBaBW"XC" B 3anaAHoi< " CeBepo-3a-

p~nb~M~, pa3BepHYTb1M~ Ha 6n~)KHeM BocTOKe, 84-~ B II1paHe, 39-~ ~ 60-~ (cMewaH-

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Vl 17-10

yacn" 60880Vl nOArOTOBKIr1 III nepe-

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6b1-

B pe3epBe AO "IOn" 1940 r.

Ha BeCbMa

rOTOBHOCT~ HaXOA~naCb ~

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MaT4aCTb. TaK,

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50! CpeAHII1C1 ypoeeHb 6oeroToBHoCHl l.IacTeLil He

llOCbl MQrl1V1 oTopaaTbcfl m1Wb

npeBblwan 34%! ~cTpe6v1TeJlbHOe KOMaHTaK)I(e He.QaneKO ywno: B 35 3CKa-

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MeHHblM~.

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A"POBl11~KOB " pa3BeA4"KOB (KoTopble TO-

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MOB" 2-~ aB~arpynnbl B neTHOM COCTO~H~~


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)Ke Morn~ HecT~ 60M6bl). YpOBeHb 6oeroTOBHOCT~ COCTaBn~n OKono 75 %. ECllli1 AO6as~Tb K 3TOMy, 4TO K ceHHI6plO 1939 r.

xei<MoB', 12 "3 H"X 6bln" CBeAeHbl BO 2-10


aB"arpynny oOM6apA"pOBo4Horo KOMaH-

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BBC <!>paHlj"" pacnonaran" Bcero(!) 25


COBpeMeHHblM" 60M6apA"pOBl11"KaM", TO

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ApML-1ei11.1 12 pacnonaranVlcb Ha 3aMopCKIIlX

10 3CKaAPlllnlll~, Morna nOAH~Tb B B03AYX


nVlL.i.Jb 691-13210 MaW\o1H. Yyrb nYl.Iwe 6b1no
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1939 r. 31':1

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cc6AEHXEVlMbl HA ccCTPAHHOVI BOVlHE


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nHJJOT - JIeHTeHaHT MaK<I>epcoH.
3 CeHTJl6pJl 1939 r_ ero 3KHna", nepBblM oc~ecrDHJJ <pOTorpa<pHpoDaHHe 06'be1ITOD Ha TeppHTopHH repMaHHH. BHH3Y cnpaBa caMOJleT Ton :ace

3CKa,IJ,pHJJbH, 3HMa 1939-1940 rr.

3KCKYPC~~).

25 CeHT"6p"

Ho 3TO npOAOnlKaJlOCb He

Tpo~Ka 5neHxe~MOB. ~3

co-

CTaBa 107-Vi3CKa,QJ)io1J1bl.1 nOA KOMaHAOBaHl.1eM

B~Hr-KoMMaHAepa 533~na 3M6p~ (KoMaHA~p


3CK<lAP~nb~) 6b<na nepeXBa"eHa HaA n~pOM
AByM" Bll 09C. OAHaKo xopowo opraH~30BaH
Hoe orHe80e B3al.1MOAelilcTBI.1e Me>KAY 3Klitna>KaM\I1, C06paBWI.1ML1C51 B nJ10THbiVi KJ1I.1H, no-

)-

;b

aHm. -

CJ1I.1WKOM Aonro.

KOPOJIb reopr VI HarpalK,ll,ae-r <pJIaHTJIeHTeHallTa )l,opaHa KpecroM 3a

3B0J1I.1J1\11 OTpa31.1Tb ABe aTaK&.1 6e3 nOTepb, nocJ1e '-lero aHrJl&.1yaHe CKPblJ1I1lCb B 06J1aKax. COB-

JleTHLle 3aCJlyrH+.

CeM no APyroMy ClleHap~1O pa3B~BaJl~Cb CO6bIT~" TpeM" AH"M~ n03lKe, 28 CeHT"6p", KOr-

.IiJIeHXeHM MKIV. 59-H 3CKa,IJ,pHJJbH,

Aa napy cnaHl<1eJlelil, BeAoMylO KOMaHAl.1pOM

BxoAHBweH B COCTaB aBHaU;HOHHoro


KOMnOHeHTa IipHTaHcKHX 3KCne,lJ,HlJ,HOHHhIX CHJI, <IlpaHlJ,HJI, aBHa6aa3

HOM K3MepYHOM, Hap, OCHa6plOKOM HaCTl.1rna


YeTBepKa CTOAeB51TblX 1.13 COCTaBa IjJG1. Y)Ke

nOHKC, CeHTJl6pb 1939 r.

nocne nepBolii aTaKI.1 BeAOMbllIt pa3BeAY&.1K 6blJ1

11 O-~ 3CKaAP~nb~ B~Hr-KoMMaHAepoM V1PB~

Me4Kl1l' TpaHcnopToB ~ 60eBblx KOP<!6ne~.


Ho ~ B 3TOM B~Ae Aesne11bHOCT~ aHrJ1w~aHe
npeyonen~.

He

BO MHorlllX

nnox~e

C11~aflX

norOAHble

ycnoB~1I

He n03BOJlSlm" YAapHblM

rpynnaM 06Hap'f'K~Tb Ha~AeHHble 3K~na)l(a


Mill CfleAonblTOB)) u.e11~ ~ 6011bWaflltaCTb Bbl11eTOB 3aKaHltlo1BanaCb nOCaAKaMIIl C

He~3

paCXOAOBaHHblM 60eKOMnneKTOM.
TeM BpeMeHeM B30P KOMaHAOBaH~1I
nlO<!JTBa<!J<!Je BCKope np~BneK TaK Ha3blBaeMbl~ -yron Tpex roCYAapCTB-. B 3TOM pa~OHe
npOXOA~na ceBe'pHall "aCTb <!JpaHKo-repMaHCKO~ rpaH~4bl, OrpaH~"eHHall C ceBepa
rep40rCTBOM nlOKceM6ypr. Aanbwe KoeBepy
BpaJKAYIOU\~e OTOPOHbl pa3Aenlln~cb ronflaHA~e~ ~ n03TOMY yYaCTOK rpaH~u.b1, HaxoAIo1BW~~CfllO)I(Heeyma, 6b1J1 caMbiM KOpOT-

KIo1M nyreM AJ1f1 pa3BeAbiBaTeflbHblx caMOfleTOB COlO3HII1KOB, HanpaBflflBWLilXCfl B HeMeu,K~~

Tbln. BCKope Ha

6n~3ne)l(aU\~x

a3pOAPO-

Max nOflBlo1flll1Cb MeccepWMII1TIbI, a BoeH


Hble 06beKTbI nOI1yYLilfllo1 AonOflHlne11bHoe 3eH~THo-apT~nnep~iicKoenp~KpblT~e.

Pe3YflbTaTbi He 3aMeAJ1I1111111 CKa3aTbCfI:

OKTII6pII

diJJeHXenM MK IF. H3 cocraBa 25-H HcrpeOHTeJIbHOH


acKa,rJ;pHJIhH. CYAJI no aM6JIeMe Ha KHlIe CHHMOK
<;lI;eJIaH B 1938-1939 IT.

COI03H~K~

nOTepf\ll~

(t6fleHxeVlMa MKI)) 1113 COCTaBa

30

cpa3y TP_

18-V1

3CKa,nplll-

nb~,

a 6 ~ 7 HOll6pII 06paTHO He BepHyn_cb


eU\e ABa ~3 COCTaBa 57-~. nepe6pOCKa AOnOflHIo1TeflbHblX KOHTlIIHreHTOB HeMeu.Klo1x II1C-

.liJIeHXe>i" MKIF. H3 COCTaaa 601-" HCTpe6HTCJlhHO" acKa,rJ;PHJIhH BepnyBlIlHilCH nOClle IlaJIe'ra Ha 1i0P~1 28 H01l6pll 1939 r.
C6~T,

napa .qeTBepOK' H3 18-n aCKa,rJ;PHJlhH BhlJIeTaeT Ha pa3BeAKY, <l>paHl\HJI, 3HMa 1939-1940 IT.

HO K3MepYHY manOCb y~m B 06naKa ~


06paTHbl~ KypC. Ho HaA K~neM
cnaClinenbHaR Mrna ocranaCb n03a.tl.II1, a B 803Ayxe, 'f'Ke nOA"<HAa" CBOIO A06bl"y, Kp'f'K~na
napa "CTepBIITH~KOB ~3 COCTaBa II/JG77.

lfamilCb 8LUe QTHOCIi1TeJ1bHQ He YaCTO, B OC-

HO CKpblTb OT aB~apa3BeAK~

HOSHQM 6narOAapR CJlQ:>KHblM M8r8oycnoBII1-

OHbI cocpeAOTOlteHII1f1 BO~CK III 3TO CTaflO OA-

RM 3KlI1na>KaM YAaaanOCb

nar-

HO~ 1113 Ba>KHe~WIIlX nplo1ltll1H Bbl3BaBWIIIX Tpa-

KO YXOAVlTb OT H8Meu,KII1X nepeXeaTlfll1KOB, HQ

CrpenOK He CMor or6V1Tb CrpeM\.ItT8nbHYIO 8r8-

Bce )K8 nocren8HHO CTaHOBIIlf10Cb flCHO, YTO B

reA~1O BeCHO~ cneAYIOU\ero rOAa.


B Ha"ane 1940 r. 18-11 ~ 57 -II 3CKaAP~nb_

ne% Ha

KOH8l.lHO, raKY18 3Kcu,eCCbl B TO epeMR cny-

cpaBH~1TeJ1bHO

Tpe6~Tene~n03Bon~na nlO<!JTBa<!J<!Je

HaAe)l(-

COI03H~KOB pa~

Ky MeccepWMl.1TIOa III ropsm.l,l.1ii1 <e6n8HxelilM>1


HeMeu.KoLil 6yxTbi

np51MOM npOTIIlB060pCTBe C ('MeccepOM)},

nOflyltll1flll1 Ha BOOPY)I(eHllle (t6fleHxe&:1M MKIV,

Bpe3aJlCR B CBIr1HUOBble SOAbl

(t6fleHxeVlMY) BblCTOflTb TPYAHO.

nocne "ero

co BceM 3KVlna>K8M. 11 HOR6pR Ha.A MopeM

nOKa HaA KOHTIIlHeHTOM npoBoAlIlfllllCb 3TIIl


(t3KCKYPCIIlIll, CTaHOBIIlBWlIleCfI C Ka>K,ll,b1M pa-

"eTBepKa Bll10 HaCT~rna B03BpaLWlBwYlOCII


1113 pa3S8AKYI TpoLilKy cnaH1II8nelil \113 cocrasa
114-~ 3CKaAP~nb~ ~ OAHoro 3a APyr~M OT-

npaSL'lna Bcex ncoa Ha

KOP~

pbI6aM,.

60M6apA~pOBO"HOrO KOMaHAoBaH~1I Ae~cT

BMeCTe C 53, 59, 114-~ _


1-10 aB~arpynny 60M6apA~pOBO"HOrO KOMaHAoBaH~II, KOTOpall
6blna pa3BepHyta Ha <!JpaH4Y3cK~X a3poAPoMax. nOKa aHrn~"aHe ~ <!JpaH4Y3bl OTC~

Bosafllll HaA MopeM, npOlll3BOAfi nOIllCK He-

:lKII1Baf1I11Cb 3a llIllHlI1e&:1 Ma:lKIIIHo III 6ellbrlllli!-

30M Bce

60nee

p~cKoBaHHblM~, 3CKaAP~nb~

OH~

139-~ 06pa30Ban~

CK~M~ <!JopTaM~,

HeMe4Koe KOMaHAoBaH_e
nepe6paCblBano ~3 nonbw~ ~ lleHTpanbHofi

Ha aTOT pa3 .epOTorpaepy. YAaJ10Ch


BepJIYThCll 06pa......0. 3KHnalK
.cnaHHeJ1JI' nepeAaeT epOTOKaMepy C
WIeHKoH AJIlI AewHeppoBKH.

repMaHlIIlIl1l1 Bce HOBbie 111 HOBbie coeAIIIHeHIr1Sl


aBlllau,Io1I11. fllllltHbiVI COCTaB KOTOpblX Io1Mell 60eBoH onbiT.
l-1cTpe6~TenbHbl~ Bap~aHT 6neHxe~Ma.

BnepBble np~MeH~n~ 28 HOll6pII 1939 r. 8


3TOT AeHb 12 caMoneTOB ~3 25-~ ~ 601-~ 3CKaAPlIIlllIIC'1, 6a3111pOBa8WIIIXCfI 8 6111pX3Me 1-1
HblOTOHe, OTnpaSlIIlllllCb C (tSIII3I11TOM Se)KJU1BOCT~- B 60pKyM Ha n06epe)l(be CeBepHoro
MOpll. OTTyAa HeMe4K~e caMoneTbl neTan_

Ha nOCTaHosKy MarHIIITHbiX MIIIH Ha nOAXOAax


K aHrlllllViCKIIIM nopTaM.

YCflOBlllfiX nllOXOI1

noroAbl aB~a6a3Y Ha~T~ He YAanOCb, ~ BeAY-

Ll.l,1IIV1

rpynnbl npIIIKa3all aTaKosaTb nopT.

pe3YllbTaTe HalleTa 6b111111 cmK)I(eHbl III nOTonJleHbI HeCK011bKO KaTepoB. CTOflBWIIlX y


ya110B.

8
A8

np~

YCllOBlo1f1X cTpaHHoVl BOVlHbl Ha 3anaAllfl ,(cnaHllleJleVl)) OTKpblJlCR HOBbl11

Kapen~~, rAe coeA_HeH~1I PKKA


6blfllll 6poweHbi Ha AOTbl '(J1I11HvH1 MaHHep-

<!JPOHT B
reHMa ..

HAA rOPSlLU~M~
TKa3 KOMnaH~~ .6p~CTOnb. npOAOn"'~Tb pa3pa60TKY MHOrOl.(eneBoro caMOneTa 'T~n 143F. He CMyT~n <I>~H

eKoe npaB\neJ1bCTBO.

no AlilnJ10Man1~eCKIo1M

CHErAM~ KAPEA~~

3CKBAP~nbAM~ LeLv 44
CTeH60K) ~ LeLv 46 (KOCapKo), CBeAeHHblM~ opraH~3al.(~OHHO B 4-~ aB~anonK (LeR 4).

15

npeAeneHbI Me)l(AY

IIlMeJ1111 npaBo sblnycTIIlTb

(KOMaHA~p Ma~op

HO ony6J1I11KOSaHHblM AOKYMeHTaM, :310 6blJ1111

MaHA~p Ma~op

o:6J1eHXe~Mbl MKII - eAIIIHIII"'lKIII C AOnOJ1HIII-

MaWIIIH. Comac-

TeJ1bHblMIII 6aKaMIII, STOpblM 6payHIi1HroM S

OCBoeHIo18 3KIo1na)l(aMIo1 HQBore CKOpOCTHO-

npaBo~ KOHcon~, HapY"'HblM~ 60M60Aep",a-

60M6apA~poBU\~Kanpo~cxoAIoIno C HeMa-

TemlMIII 111 YCIIIJ1eHHblM waCCIII,

KaHanaM co06U\anOCb: HOBbie 60M6apA~pOB


Ul~K~ 6YAyT npeAno",eHbI <t>~HnAHA~~ Ha
nbroTHblx ycnoB~Ax. np~"~Ha CTOnb 6naro-

nblM~ TPYAHOCTAM~. Pa3n~YHble nonOMK~ ~

CKllOHHoro OTHOWetHMl KpblllaCb B TOM I YTQ

BblHy)l(AeHHble nOCBAK~ 6b1n~ AaneKO He peA-

M14HIo1CrepCTBO aSVlau,1il1il CY(.1TanO cnaHlllenb

KIo1M RBJ1eHlo1eM, npaBAa, cm1caH 6b1/1 TQJ1bKQ

OTBeprHyTbli'i KoponeBcK~M~ SSC. OAHaKo K


HOA6plO 1939 r. opraH~30BaTb ~x npO~3BOA
CTBO He YAanocb, XOTA Ha BOCTOYHO~ rpaH~l.(e

OA~H ~3

CTpaHbl TbICS1"'l1ll 03ep y>Ke naXJ10 nopOXOM ..

(nplll BceM erc aeJlIo1KOnena.1vt) "n.epeXOAHbIM))


06pa3l.(OM, He06xOA~MbIM AO Tex nop, nOKa
He nOABATCA 60nee COBepweHHble 60M6apA~POBU\~K~, pa3pa6aTbiBaeMbie no cnel.(~

ro

COCTaBa LeLv 46. Ha OCHOBe onblTa

T.e.

saplllaHT,

06reKarem1 BTYJlOK B03AYWHbiX BIIlHTOB, KO-

K 30 HOA6pA 1939 r., KOrAB pa3BepHyn~cb


60eBbie Ae~cTB~A Ha KapenbcKoM nepewe~Ke, 44-A ~ 46-A 3CKBAP~nb~ 6b1n~ OCHaU1eHbI

aJlbHblM 38,AaHIIlRM.

Topble aaw,lI1w,anlll Macno B MeXaHL13Max 1013-

Hali160J1ee cOBpeMeHHo~ TexHIIIKoC1, IIIMesweli1-

PeaYJlbTaTbi IIIcnblTaHIilYi ot0PIo1CT0J1b 142M


6b1n~ no AOCTO~HCTBYOl.(eHeHbI <I>~HCK~M~ BOeHHblM~, nOAn~caBW~M~ 6 OKTA6pA 1936 r.
KOHTpaKT NQ 500/36 Ha nOCTaBKY 18 .6neHxe~
MOB MKI. 26 ~lOnA 1937 r. <I>~HcK~e 3K~nB)l(~
HaYan~ ~x neperoHKY no MapwpYTY <t>~moH KPO~OH - AMCTepABM - XaMnyp~ - ManbMe
- TyKonMa - XenbC~HK~. CnycTA rOA Bce MaW~HbI Bown~ B COCTaB SSC <t>~HnAHA~~.

M8HeHIIlR yma ycraHoBKIo1 nonacreli1 OT aaMep-

CR B pacnopA",eH~~ SSC

3KcnnyaTal.(~~ B 3~MH~X ycnoB~AX <I>~HcK~e

KOHCTpyKTOpbl

cnpoeKT~pOBan~

yTenneHHble

<t>~HnAHA~~, ~

noTO-

aaHIilR. CaMoneTbl TalOKe nOJ1Y"'lIIUWlllbDKII1, YTO

My KOMaHAOBaHllle pewlIIJ10 C MaKCIIIMaIlbHoli1

n03B0J1I1lJ10 OTKa3aTbCR OT paCYII1CTKIo1 83118T-

3<1><I>eKT~BHOCTblO ~cnonb30BaTb nOTeHl.(~an

Ho-nOCMO"iHblX nonoe B 3101MHlIlX YC1l0BIIlRX.

12 anpen A 1938 r. npaB~TenbcTBo <t>~H


nAHA~~ np~06peno n~l.(eH3~1O Ha npo~3BoA
crBO C(cnaHllleJ1e~ Ha CTpOIIIBweMCSI B TaMne-

pe aB~a3aBOAe. no AOroBOpy, nOAn~caHHoMY


C pyKOBOAcTBOM <I>~PMbI .6p~cTOnb" <I>~HHbI

nonKa. Y",e 1 AeKa6pA HeCKonbKO MaW~H BbIHa pa3BeAKY BblAB~raBW~XCA K <I>~H

neTen~

CKIIIM n03111Wo1S1M COBeTCKIIlX BOIi1CK 111 B TOT >Ke

AeHb 6b1na nOTepAHa nepBaA ~3 H~X. HBA pa~


OHOM TcanK~ TP~ <I>~HCKIoIX 3K~nB)l(a ~3 COCTaBa 46-~ 3CKBAP~nb~ aTaKOBana KonoHHy COseTCKIIIX TaHKOB III rpY30BIIIKOB. 3eHIIITHbiM or-

HeM 6b1n nOBpe)l(AeH OA~H 60M6aPA~pOBU\~K,


KOTOPbl~ He AOTAHyn AO 6a3b1.
OCHOBHblM pa~OHOM 60eBO~ AeATenbHOCTIII

nonKa CTan

KapenbCKIIIC1 nepeweeK, ':ie-

pe3 KOTOPbl~ Hacrynana COBeTCKaA 7-A apM~A, pacnonaraBwaA Ha~60nee KpynHblM~


c~naM~. 3HaY~TenbHYIO yrp03y AnA <I>~HHOB
npeACTaBnAna ~ 8-A apM~A, pa3BepHyTaR ceBepHee nBAor~ ~ BblAB~raBwaACA ~3 pa~OHa
neTp03aBOACKa. no HenonHblM ABHHblM, B
COCTaBe 06e~x COBeTCK~X rpynn~poBOK HaC"~TblBanOCb 18 cTpenKoBblx A~B~3~~, OA~H
TaHKosblli1 Kopnyc 111 nSlTb OTAeJ1bHblX TaHKO-

BblX 6p~rBA. 06U\ee KOn~"eCTBO caMoneTOB


SSC PKKA, 3BAe~CTBOBaHHblx B XOAe KOH<I>n~KTa OT neH~HrpBAa AO MypMaHcKa, coCTaBnAno CBblwe 3000 eA~H~l.(.
CoeA~HeH~A cyxonyTHblx BO~CK neH~H
rpBACKOrO BoeHHoro oKpyra C MHOrOY~CneH
HblMIII 111 HenOBOpOTJ1I11SblMIII TbinaMIII 1113-3a

<I>HHCKHH JIeT'IHK-HCIThITaTeJIh KanHTaH XaHHac 3aHHMaeT KpeCJIo nHJIOTa nepep;


HCnhlTaTJIhHhlM nOJIeTOM Ha BL-104. cIlHJIToH. 1937 r.

my6oKoro CHera III MIIIHHblX nOJ1eli1 OKa3aIlIIICb

HaKpenKo

np~BA3aHbI

K AoporaM, npeACTaB-

nAn~ c060~ BeCbMa 3aMaH"~Bble l.(en~ AnA


<I>~HCK~X neTY~KOB, ycneBw~x

napa <lJHHCKHX 'ep;uJIH'IeK' BhlpyJIHBaeT Ha B3JleTHylO nOJIocy 3aBOP;CKOro a3POlIPOMa <lJHpMhI .lipHC1iPJIb'. roTOBJlCh CTap1'OBan. /I;IlJI nepeJIeTa B cIlHHJIJlH,l\HIO.
<I>HJITOH. JIeTO 1937 r.

K 3TOMy Bpe-

MeHIII XOPOWO OCBOIllTb ocDJ1eHxeIi1MbI.

A nno-

xllle norOAHble YCJ10BIi1S1 OKa3aIlIIICb cnaclIITeJ1bHblMIII AIlS1 IIIX 3KlllnaJKe'1 B ycnoBIIIS1x roc
nOACTBa cOBeTcKoli1 IIIcTpe6111TenbHoli1 aBli1all,1II111. Ho Bce )Ke maBHoli1 38,Aa"'leli1 3KlllnaJKeli1
6J1eHxeIi1MoB B nepBble HeAeJ1111 BOIi1HbI SlB-

nAnaCb pa3BeAKa B

~HTepecax

rnaBHoro KO-

MaHAoBaHIIISI. BblJ1eTbi np01013Bo)J.IIIJ1Io1Cb nO"'lTIII

B nlO6ylO noroAY. S 3T~X ycnoB~Ax CTonKHOBeHIIIS1 C COBeTCKIIIMIII IIICTpe6I11TenS1MIo1 6blIlIII

He~36e"'HbI. SnepBble 3TO npo~30wno 14 AeKa6pA 1939 r., KOrAB SL-105 44-~ 3CKBAP~
nb~ B XOAe pa3BeAbiBaTenbHoro noneTa HaTKHYIlCS1 Ha 3BeHO tc!1aeK.

SbIHblPHYBW~~ ~3 ryMaHHo~ AbIMK~ AByXMOTopHblVi caMOIleT HanOMIi1HaIl C6. Ho BCKOnpeAHa3Ha"'leHHble AIlSl eplllHHOB cnaHllle-

mi Io1MeJ11i1 HeCKOJ1bKO 1113MeHeHHytO CIo1CTeMY


nOABeCKlo1, paCC'"IIo1TaHHytO Ha Io1cn0J1b30BaHllle

WBeACK\1X 60M6. AoroBop C

<I>~PMO~

.60-

>ope Ha IIlX nocTasKy 3aKJ1tO"'lIllJ111l B TOM >Ke

1937 r. 60M600TceK .6neHxe~Ma. AonycKan


pa3n~YHble Bap~aHTbI nOABecK~ ~3 50-, 100-,
" 250-Kr aB~a60M6, MaKc~ManbHaA cyMMap-

HaA Harpy3Ka He npeBblwana 800 Kr. nOM~MO


6oM60Boro BoopY"'eHIoIA, <I>~HcK~e MaW~HbI
OTfllo1"'laIllllCb OT aHmlll~cKlo1x 60J1ee cTapblMIll

PBA~OCTaHl.(~AM~ .MapKoH~ P-12. ~ P-14


(Marconi). OH~ nony"~n~ 60pToBbie HOMepa
OT SL-104 AO SL-121 ~ 6b1n~ nopoBHy pac-

I
~

Hble paaBeAblBaTenbHble nOAp'aaAeneH~., TaK


~ Ha~60nee onblTHble aK~nall<~ 60M6apA~
POBLI1~KOB.

YClo1J18Hlo1e aKTlo1BHOCTlo1 COBeTCKO~

aBlo1a-

paaBeAK~ <I>~HHbl OTMeT~n~ OyeHb 6blCTpo,

CB.aaB aTO C BOaMOll<HblM~ YAapaM~ no CBO~M aapOAPOMaM, TeM 60nee, YTO ~ CaM~ nnaH~poBan~ aHanOr~YHYIO onepall~lO. KOMaHAOBaH~e <I>~HCKO~ aB~all~e~ HeMeAfleHHO
OTABnO np~Kaa paccpeAOTM~Tb aCKBAP~nb~
no MHor04lo1cneHHblM 3aMep3Wlo1M 03epaM,

6naro 60nbwa. yaCTb caMoneTOB 6blna noCTaBneHa Ha nblll<~ ~ He HYll<AanaCb B pacY~-

BL-110, npOBaJIHBillHii:CJI npH nOCa,lJ.Ke


B nOJIhlHblO 21 JlHBapJl1939 r. BocCTaHOBJIeH lJ,O JIeTHoro COCTOJlHHJl.
HeCMOTpJl Ha TO, 'ITO B XOlJ,e nepBoro .
CTOIIKHOBeHHJI C COBercKHMH Hcrpe6HTe.IIJlMH 9KHJla>K}' BL-105 H3 cocraua

44-ii: 9CKalJ,PHJIbH cOnyrcTBOBaJIa ylJ,aqa,


HO B OlJ,HOM H3 CJIelJ,yJO~BhlJIeTOB
caMOIU~T 6hlJI nOBpe)K,ll,eH 3eHHTHhlM
omeM H Ha npo6ere CKaIIOTHpoBaJI.

8 Tal< npHXOlJ,HJlOCb BhlpYJIHBaTb Ha B3J1eT, 3HMa 1939-1940 IT.


LUeHHblX B3neTHO-nOCaA04HblX nonocax. n03-

TOMY nO~CK~ OCHOBHOro aapOAPOMa 6aa~po


BaHIo1H 6neHXe~MOB OKa3am1Cb 6e3ycnewHblMIo1.

20 AeKa6p. aK~nBll<~ <I>~HCK~X 60M6apA~


POBLI1~KOB BnepBble BCTpeT~n~cb C Ha~60nee
rp03HblMlil npoTIo1BHlo1KaMIo1 - cQBeTcKlo1MIo1 Io1CTpe6~Ten.M~ loI-16. S TOT AeHb aBeHO .6neHxe~MOB' ~a COCTaBa LeLv 46 HaHecno YABP

no KonOHHe BO~CK KpacHo~ APM~~ B pa~oHe


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HOBblX: 92,145,219,222,229,234,235,236,
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MaM~ MKIF., a Ha3aA OTnpaB~Il~ .rllaA~aTO
pbl' 141-~ 3CKaAP~llb~, KOTopaR TaK lKe no11I3

EnmTa, rAe

npO"iHOCTb n03101u.Lo1V1

Hlo1KQB He Bbl3blsana cOMHeHI.1V1

1ly"~lla .cnaH~ell~' nepBo~ MOA~<!>~Kal.\~~.

BMecTo cc5,neHxeHM8 MKI, CHRToro c


npo~3BoAcTBa, <!>~pMe .6p~CTOllb- BblA3J1~

3aKa3 Ha nepeAellKY B ~tTpe6~Tellb 60M6ap-

06TeK8TeneM. KOTOPbl~ OK83anCR 3aMeTHO

H~lKe nIlOCKOCT~ CTpellb6bl nylleMeTOB. nOCHeAonrlllX nplIIKIIIAOK Me)K,O,y 6PIOXOM lo1

ne

nYlleMeTHbl~ KOHTe~HepOM YCTaHOB~Il~

nepeXOAH~K, KOTOPbl~ ~ pew~1l 3TY np06lleMy..


B HOR6pe 1939 r. Ha,anOCb nepe060pyAOBaH~e
nepBblX
60M6apA~poBU;~KOB
.6IleHXe~M MKIV. B ~cTpe6~Tell~ MKIVF ~
TorAa Jl(e ~M~ BOOPYJl(~Il~ 600-10 ~cTpe6~
TellbHYIO 3CKaAP~llblO, BXOA~BWYIO B COCTaB
nBO nOHAoHa. ClleAoM 3a He~ HOBble ~CTpe
6~Tell~ nOCTYn~ll~ B 235, 248-10 ~ 254-10 3CKaAP~llb~. OCTanbHble ,aCT~ nOIly"~Il~ HeCKOllbKO 60llee 6blCTpoxoAHble .6IleHXe~Mbl
MKIF-. no OT3blBaM 3K~n3lKe~, BeCT~ B~3Y
anbHbI~

B <!>eBpane 1940 r. 601-R nOIly"~lla .XapClleAOM 3a He~ B MapTe - anpelle


Ha H~X nepewll~ 145, 229, '242-R ~ 245-R 3CKaAP~llb~, B Mae - ~IOHe B 64, 92, 222-10 ~
234-10 nOCTYn~ll~ .Cn~T<!>a~pbl" a 141-R TOrAa lKe 063aBellaCb 'Ae<!>~aHTaM~" OCTaBw~eCR nRTb 3CKaAP~Il~~: 235, 236, 248,
252-R ~ 254-R B Te,eH~e AByx nepBblx 3~M
H~X MeCRl.\eB 1940 r. nepeAall~ B 6eperoBoe
p~Ke~Hbl"

KOMaHAoBaH~e.

K BeCHe 1940 r. 06CTaHOBKa Ha Mope CKJ1aAblBanaCb AIlR 6p~TaHl.\eB Bce MeHee 6llaronp~RTHo. KaK OTMe,anOCb Ha 3aceAaH~~ BoeHHoro Ka6lo1HeTa: npOTIIIBHlo1K AOCTlo1r 6onbWlo1X ycnexoB B Be,l\eHllllo1 nOABoAHOVI BOVlHbI III

nOIllCK ll,ene~ H8 l.leTBepKe, no

nplo1MeHeHlII1Il MIIIHHoro OPY>KIo1R. T8K. 38 ne-

cp8BHeHlllIO C eAlo1HIIII.lKOVl, 6b1no rop83AO

P~OA C ceHTR6pR 1939 r. no MapT 1940 r. HeMel.\K~e nOABOAHble 1l0AK~ YH~'TOlK~ll~ CBblwe 400 CYAOB cyMMapHblM TOHH3lKeM CBblwe
1 300 000 per. 6p. TOHH. 6blll0 nOTepRHo HeCKOllbKO KpynHblx 60eBblx Kopa6Ile~: Il~HKOP

YA06Hee. CTallo npOCTOpHee ~ Ha pa60,eM


MeCTe wTYpMaHa-onepaTOpa, 06CIlYlK~BaB- .
wero B nOlleTe 60pTOBylO pnc AI MKIV. 3~
MO~ 1939 - 1940 rr. HeMel.\KaR aB~al.\~R
cpaBH~TellbHO peAKo nORBIlRllaCb B aHrn~~
CKOM He6e. Ho AIlR rnaBHoro wTa6a BBC
CTaHOB~1l0Cb Bce 60llee o,eB~AHO, 'TO BecHO~ 1940 r. T~w~Ha, l.\apRu;aR no 06e CTOPOHbl <!>poHTa Ha KOHT~HeHTe, AOlllKHa CMe-

Pos:ln OyK 101 aBlo1aHOCell, KopeVlA>Kec; III no-

TOMy Bonpoc,

3aAaHHbl~

peroBoro KOM8HAoBaHIo1R:

pyKOBOAcTBOM 6e-

11IM npOTIIIBonOCT8Blo1Tb? -

'"ITO Mbi MO)l(eM

6b1n OTHIOAb He

P~Top~,eCK~M.

Bbl3sano

HIIITbcR lo1HTeHClo1BHblMIII 60RMIII. B 3TOM cny-

onpeAelleHHble TPYAHOCT~ y KOHCTpyKTOpOB,


T.K., npOeKT~pYR 3TY MOA~<!>~Kal.\~IO, cnel.\~
all~CTbl He npeAnOllarall~ nOA06Hbl~ Bap~

I.lae nOH8,Ao6lo1TCs:I 3Hal.llllTenbHoe Konlo1l.leCTBO

B Tpex aB~arpynnax (15, 16-~ ~ 18-~) ~3


18 3CKaAP~Il~~ TOllbKO TP~ 6blll~ OCHau;eHbl

OAHOMOTOpHblX <!>POHTOBblX ~cTpe6~Telle~,

cOBpeMeHHblMlo1 npon1BOnOAOI.lHblMIII C8MO-

AIo1POBO"iHOVI l.ieTSepKIo1-. 38,AaHlo1e

cnoc06HblX npon'BocToRTb HOBeVlwlIIM He-

Mel.\K~M Btl09E, KOTopble Bce 60llee ou;yi-~

neTaMIII: ABe 11I3 HIIIX neTanlll H8 CaHAepneH-

aHT ee Io1cn0l1b30eaHIo1f1, nO:noMy, B l.laCTHOCT~,

MO nO~lo1nblBanlo1 BBC COI03Hlo1KOB. ~ n03-

TOpblX TOllbKO

AIlR Toro ",06bl wTYpMaH, C~AR B HOCOBO~ Ka6~He, He yn~pancR rOIlOBO~ B AlOpa-

neBbiVI nepenneT, non Ka6lo1HbI Ha 6a30BoVl

MOAell~ HeCKOllbKO onycT~Il~, a 06pa30BaBW~~CR BblcTYn np~Kpblll~ 1l0lKK006pa3HblM

TOMy 6blll0 peweHo HeMeAlleHHO, HaCKOllbKO


n03BOIlRIl~ B03MOlKHOCT~ npo~3BoAcTBa, Ha'aTb nepeBOOPYlKeH~e3CKaAP~Il~~ Ha OAHOMOTopHble ~cTpe6~Tell~.

Aax, a OAHa Ha XaAcOHax, nOCT8BKIo1' KOHa'~Hall~Cb. 11 3CK3AP~Il~~


lo1Menlo1 f1tOHCOHbI. 8 l.leTbipe - eL14e 60nee

ApesHlo1e-

rlo1APonnaHbI

nOHAOH

III

,CTP3Hp~p-. Maw~Hbl

Tpex nOClleAH~X T~nOB AalKe KOHCTPYKT~BHO He npeAHa3Ha,anlllCb AIlR AIlIIITenbHblX naTpynbHblx noneTOB.

C~Tyal.\~R

OCIlOlKHRllaCb ~ HeCOBepweHCTHa BoopYJl(eH~~ npOT~BO


60M6. 3 AeKa6pR 1939 r. pyKOBOAcTBO AAM~paJ1Te~CTBa Il~WH~~ pa3 y6eA~llocb B ~x '3<!><!>eKT~BBOM

~MeBw~XCR

1l0AO'HO~ aB~al.\~~ rny6~HHblX

HOCTlo1,

B TOT AeHb

OAlo1H lo13 f1tOHCOHOB OWlO160'"l-

HO aTaKOBall B03Bpau;aBwylOcR

~3

noxOAa

.liTJeHXeHM MKIF. H3 cOCTIUIa 219-H


Hcrpe6HTem.HOH 3CKlIJWHJIbH. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha BCIJY'lHBnryJOClI
o6mHBlcy HH:>KHHX rrOBepXUOCTeH
KOHCOJleH. KOCBeHHO :flO CBH,lI,eTeJIbCTBO ,lI;OKa3b1BaeT TOT 4JaKT, 'ITO ,lI;aHHbIH Hcrpe6HTeJIb 6b1J1 rrOJIY'leH rry.. TeM rrepe,ll;eJlKH cepHiulOI'O 6oM6ap,lI;HpoB~a.BIfJl,HMO, 6oJn.mlUl '1aCTh
,!J;ByxMOTOPHbIX Hcrpe6HTeJIeA ,lI;:l.\lHO
ro TllIla 6b1J1a rrOJlY'leHa rryreM rrepe,lI;eJIi<H: CaMOJleTOB, KOTOPblMH 6b1J1a
OCHall\eHa B 1937 - 1938 rr. 5-11 aBHarpynrra, rrepemep,mlUl Ha .X3M~eHbl"

.1

~IiJleHxeiflU

Mid., "3 cocr3ua 3CK3lJ.l111-

JlbH Lelv 46 BBC (I>H1VlJIHAHH. nWIOTccpamHT MOpCKH. <[>IIHJUlH)J.HJI, 3HM3

1938 - 1939 rr.

OJleHXeHM Mid. H3 BTOpOH napTHH, nepe-

JJ.auHoH

aHrJlHt.JaH3MU B paMKa..x BOeHHOH:


nO"O~H 3HMOH 1939 -1940 rr. Ca.IOJIeT
'meeT aHrJIHHCKHH Ka.ry<!>mDK H rpa"'iJ,an
CKlIM perucrpal.\HoUJlblH KOA.

6JIeHXeHM MKIVF. H3 COCTaBa 248'H 3CKap;


p'fJlbH KOpOJIeBCKHX BBC. BeJIHK06pHTaHHJI,
aOHa6a3a HopT KOTC, <!>eBpaJIb - MapT 1940 r.

6J1eHXeHM MKIV. H3 COCTaBa 40-H 3CKa,II.p'VlbH KOpOJIeBCKHX BBC. BeJIHK06pHTaIIIlJ1, aBHa6a3a YHTOH, .laH - HIOHL 1940 r .

6JICHXeHJ\I MKlF+ 03 COCTaua 54-H qaCTH

}"Ie6Ho6oeBoH nOAroToBKH (54 OTU) Kopo


JleBCKHX BBC. BeJIHK06pHTaHHJI, JIeTO 1940 r.

HeXBaTKa cOBpeMeHHbIX 60M6api\HPOBlI\HKOB 3acraOHJIa aHrJIHHCKOe KG-

MaHA003HHe OCHaCTHTb K Hal.JaJlY

KaMnaHHH 1940 r. MHorHe TlI>Ke;lble


Hcrpe6HTeJIH BHelllHHMH 60M6ol\epmaTeJUlMH..

repMaHCKHii V-60T, a..:aKYeMblH CaMQJleTaMH lieperoBoro KOMa~OBaItHJl.


K COmaJIeHHIO, 3TOMy nOABOj(lfOl\ry

nHpary, KaK H l\tHOrHl\t ,n;pyrul\-t, nop;"


BepI1J.IHl\otCJI HaJJeTal\1 KOpOJleBCKHX

60M6apAHpOB~HI<OBB 1939-1941 IT,

YAaJIOCb yHTH...

rpynna ''1eTBepoK'-Hcrpe6HTeJIeii H3 COCTaBa 235-ii 3CKaAPHJIbH lieperoBoro KoMa~oBaHHlI,BeCHa 1940 r. nOA KOHCOJlllMH XOpOlllO BHAHbl TVy6KH AJIlI aBapHHHOro CJIHB3 TOIlJlHBa.

aHrn~iicKYIO nOA/lOAKY .CHennep". 3K~nalt<

oapA~p080"HOrO KOMaHA08aH~~ CTafJ~

CoPOC~fJ A8e

en1 npon1BOllOAOYHOe A8>KYPCTBO B B03AY-

He-

45-Kr rnyo~HHb,e oOMobl, OAHa


~3 KOTOpblX pa30p8afJaCb Ha nafJyoe y OCHO8aH~~ PyoK~. B pe3YfJbTaTe 8 l1eHTpafJbHOM
nocTy oblfJ~ pa30~Tbl "eTb'pe 3fJeKTpOfJaM-

xe. TaK, 11 MapTa 1940 r. 5fJeHXeiiM MKIV.


n~fJOT~pyeMbliiKOMaHA~poM 82-ii 3cKaAP~
fJb~ cK8aAPOH-fJ~AepOMA~fJ3nOM 80 8peM~

nOYK~,

narpyllbHoro n011eT8 nOTonl-111 y OCTpoa8

Ha

nany6e

nOM51Tbl

pem1Hn1.

113.5:Kr rfJYO~HHa~ OOMoa TaKlt<e He OOfJa-

ee HBAO oblfJO YfJOlt<~Tb 8 A8YX MeTpax OT


Kopnyca cyOMap~HbI. "TOob' HaHeCT~ noCfJeAHeii cepbe3Hb,e n08pelt<AeH~~. n03TO-

50PHXOfJbM HeMel1KYIO nOA80AHYlO fJOAKy


U31. weAWYIO 8 HaA80AHOM nOfJOlt<eH~~_
3TO OblfJa nep8a~ HeMel1Ka~ CYOMap~Ha,
YH~"TOlt<eHHa~ KOpOfJe8CK~M~ BBC 80 8TOPOVI MlIlPOBO&i! BOVlH8. 8TOT ycnex lIlM8n, B

My cnaHLo18m1 6blnVl BeCbMa >K8naHHb1M no-

OCHOBHOM, YlIlCTO MopanbHoe

n0J1H8HI.18M AfJR B8CbMa CKYAHblX ClIlll MOP-

K. no CfJ08aM OAHoro ~3 0>~l1ep08 rfJa8HOro wTaoa KOpOfJe8CK~X BBC: .nOAroT08Ka

Aan8 Heo6xo,QlIlMOail B3PblBHOa/l MOUl,blO, T.K.

CKOail aBlIlau,lIIl1l.

OAHaKO ~Me8W~XC~ C~fJ nO-npelt<HeMY

3K~na>Ke~,

3HaYeH~e,

neTHO-TeXHlIlyeCKlIle

T.

AaHHble

He XaaTallQ lIl, BbmOIlHRR nO>K8naH11I51 KQMaH-

6011bwlIlHcTBa caMoneTOB III B03MO>KHOCTIIl

AYlOl11erO KOpOfJe8CK~M >fJOTOM aAM~pafJa


naYHAa, CaMOfJeTb' 2-ii a8~arpynnb' 50M-

OPY>K~R

B TOT neplllOA OCTaBnRnlll >KenaTb

MHoro nY'-Iwero ...

.liIIellXeHM MkIF. H3 COCTaBa 254-ii Hcrpe6HTeJIbHOii 3CKaAPHJlbH Ha a3poAPOMe HbIOTOHa.


nOM~MO npOT~80fJOAO"HOrO naTpy".poBaHIIlR, 3K~na>K1Il 6J1eHXeIilMOB Ben~ Taae

pa38eAKy 8 ~HTepecax BMC, HanBAa". COB


MeCTHO C APyr~M~ 3CKBAP~fJb"M~ 50M6apA~POBO'-lHOrO

KOHBOIll

III

KOMaHAOBaHIIlR Ha HeMellKMe

neplllOAlIlyeCKIIl

Bpa>KeCKlIle pa3BeA'-IIIlKIIl.

Bo

nepeXBaTbiBaJII
BTOPOC; nonQ8Mo

He MapTa 1940 r. 8CTpe"~ 8 803Ayxe C paJBeA'-II4KaM~

npOT~BHI4Ka

3HaYI4TeJ1bHO Y'la

CT~fJ~Cb.

C 17 no 27 MapTa ~cTpe6.TeIIM
235-ii 3CKBAP~fJb~ 32 pa3a oOHapY"'.BaIIl
HBA MopeM CaMOfJeTbI nlO>T8a><t>e, B BOO-

AYWHblX 60RX 3KlIlna>KaM YAaJ10Cb YHWHOXKl\

TP~ Helll ~ "eTblpe 0018. nOTep~ 6p.TaHu,eB 3a BpeMR cTpaHHolil BolilHbl n CQCTaB

62 00MoapA~p08111~Ka 8cex T~nOB. Me


TeM, AaHHbie pa3BeAK14 HeonpoBep)t(Ir1MO
Ka3bIBaJ1l1l, '-ITO 3aT14WblO npli1XO,QII1T KOH
HeMll,b1 rOTOBIIlJ1I1lCb K 6pOCKy Ha ceBep ...

AHcnOKa4KSI, 'lHCneHHOCTb H 60eBOH COCTaB 3CKaAPKnHH KOpOneBCKKX BBe, OCHall.leHHblX caMoneTaMH


,,6neHxeHM no COCTOSlHHIO Ha 11 <jleBpanSl 1940 r.

N. 3C'. MOA-.

B cTP.f~cn. 6a3a

N2 3CK. MOA-O

B cTp.f~cn. 6a3a

N2 3CK. MOA-.

60M6apAHpOSO'lHOe KOMaHAosaHHe
(Bel1~Ko6p~TaH~0)

2. aSHarpynna
15-0
21.
40-0
82-0
101-0
107-.
110-.
114-0
139-0

MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV
MklV

12-11 aSHarpynna
21/16
20/19
19/17
18/18
19/17
21/21
21/21
20/16
21/20

Y~TOH

HopT KOTC
Y~TOH

60AHe~

BecT

Pa~Hx3M

Yon~cx3M

B cTP.f~cn. 6a3a

60M6apAHpOSO'lHOe KOMaHAosaHHe
(Cl>paHl.\Ho)

23-0
222-.
229-0
235-0
236-.
248-0'

1-51 aBHarpynna

MklF
18/15
MklF
17/17
MklF
17/16
MklF ~ IVF 18/17
MklF ~ IVF 18/18
MklF
8/3

18-0
53-0
57-0
59-0

KOnm1BeCTOH

AaKccj>oPA
A~r6~

HopT KOTC
HopT KOTC
HopT KOTC

MklV
MklV
Mkl
MklV

nO~KC

19/17
17/15
21/20
18/17

Bcere:

nO~KC
nO~KC
nO~KC

75/69

YOTTli1CX3M

XOPW3M

CT-Cl>3~T

Bcere:

BBC CpeAHero BocToKa


(CeB.Acj>p~Ka, 611~)j(H. ~ CpeAH.BocTOK)

96/86

nnaV180T
13-11 aSHarpynna

Beero:

Hcrpe6HTenbHoe KOMaHAosaHHe
(Bel1~K06p~TaH~0)

10-. aSHarpynna
252-. MklF ~ IVF 17/ 16

29-0
141-0
219-0
234-0
242-0'
245-0

MklF
MklF
MklF
MklF
MklF
MklF

17/16
AP~M
rp3HAlK~Myr
16/15
K3np~K
16/16
18/16 . n~KOHcj>~I1A
Yapy
Cl>~HTOH
7/4
n~KOHcj>~I1A
18/12

Y~Bexop

Bcere:
Beero:

Mkl ~ IF
Mkl
MklF
Mkl
Mkl
Mkl
Mkl
211-. Mkl

18/12
15/14
16/16
15/13
15/15
14/11
17/17
13/12

Bcero:

126/110

8-0
11-.
30-0
45-0
55-0
84-0
113-0

180/165

KxopMaKcap
naxop
It1cMa\o1JU151

Cl>aKa
Cl>aKa
Xa66aH~0

M3TeH 6aryw
311b-Aa6a

94/79

17/16
TpeHHpOBO'tHoe KOMaHAoBaHHe
(Bel1~K06p~TaH~.)

11-. aSHarpynna

BBC AanbHero BocToKa


(6~pMa ~ Mal1a~o)

25-0
64-0
92-0
145-0
254-.

MklVF
MklF
MklF
MklF
MklF
600-. MklVF
601-. MklF
604-. MklF

17/16
15/12
18/14
18/17
18/14
18/17
16/15
17/17

Bcero:

137/122

HopT

B~aI1A

6-0 aSHarpynna
34-.
39-.
60-.
62-.

l-183HTon
KpO~AOH
KpO~AOH
6~PX3M

HblOTOH

MaHcToH

35-0
90-0
104-.
108-0

MklV
Mkl ~ IV
Mkl ~ IV
Mkl ~ IV

19/18
21/17
21/18
18/16

AnxYA
AnxYA
6~YeCTep

Bcere:
, B npouecce

TIo1Hraw

16/14
21/20
8/8
11/9

n3XOp
Apa~ POSA
T~Hr3w

6~YeCTep

T3HrM~p

HOPTXOl1bT

Mkl
Mkl
Mkl
Mkl

Bcero:

56/51

~Toro:

785/698

79/69
nepe800PY'KeHIo1~ Ha

.XappIo1KeI:1Hbl a

28 npouecce nepeeOOPY'KeHIo1Sl Ha .6neHxei1Mbl MklVFa

B rOPSll.lEM HEliE XOAOAHOVI CKAHAVlHABVIVI

MapK,.B TplOMaX KOTOpOrO HaxOAlo1J10Cb OKO-

6blT~0,

110 300 aHrn~~CK~X MOpOKOB C nOTOnl1eHHblX


HeMel.\K~M pe~AepOM 'AAM~PBJ1 Weep- cyAOB. 3TO npO~30W110 np~ nonYCT~Tel1bCTBe

3aCeKJ1a CKonneHlo1e HeMeu,Klo1X TpaHcnopToB

HOPB8>KCKIo1X BJ1aCTe~ 101 8bl3BaJ10 nplo1CTYn


.pOCT~ y rHTl1epa, KOTOPbl~ B KOHl.\e AeKa6po

cj>eHa. 0 HaMepeH~OX Kp~rcMap~He 6p~TaH


CKlo1e aHaIllo1TIo1Klo1 Momlo1 TOllbKO rClAaTb, a B :310

np~HOI1 peweH~e oKKyn~poBaTb

BpeMO onepal.\~o .YYeH~e Ha Be3epe- Hayal1aCb no pa3pa60TaHHoMY nl1aHY.


BeyepOM 3cKSApa CHOl1aCb C oKope~ H BblWl1a B Mope. Ha ee nO~CK 6p~TaHl.\bl 6POC~I1~

KaIC AJlH aHrm1C1cKoro BoeHHoro Ka6l1lHera,


Ta, HAJl0 cj>lOpepa. Ho OHa nOKa OCTaBBJ1aCb B
eTOpeHe OT 60eBblX Ae~CTBH~. Oc06ble BblroAbllo13 :noro V13BneKana repMaHIi1R. Ee cneu,lo1anbHble CYM, TaK Ha3blBaeMble 6110KSAonpopblBarenlil, perynHpHo nOJlb30aaJHo1Cb HOP-

TenJ10XOA AJ1bT-

KaK H~ crapal1CO YepY~l1l1b YCKOP~Tb coHeMl.\BM YABJ10Cb onepeA~Tb npOT~B


H~Ka. 6 anpel10 aHrl1~~cKao aB~apa3BeAKa

ATJ1aHTIo1Ka.1

HopBer~~

AJl0 6a3~poBaH~0 MOPCK~X


H B03AYWHblX C~11 6bl110 OYeB~AHblM

repMaHcKIo1ii1

H~e.

b1rOAHOe cTpaTerlllyeCKOe nOll0)KeHli1e

HopBerHIO.

AHrJ1lo1yaHe TaK>Ke rOTOBIo1J1Io1Cb 060CHO-

n03-

BaTbCs:l B 3TOM pa~oHe. YTO n03B0J1101J10 6bl 101M

TOMy Ha HX Mapwpyrax 6p~TaHCK~e3CM~Hl.\bl


nocraSlo1!Wl MHHbI, a 3areM 3axBaTli1nlo1 B HOP-

CAe11aTb MOpCKylO 6110KSAY repMaH~~ 6011ee


nI10THO~, HO Ae~CTBOBaTb ~M np~XOA~110Cb C

Be)kCKIo1X BOAax B03SpaL1l,aBWV1L11CH li13 IQ>KHOVI

Oms:lAKO~ Ha Mlo1pOBoe 06Ll1,eCTBeHHoe MHe-

Be>KCKli1MIo1 repPIo1TOpli1aJlbHblMlil BOAaMliI.

60eBblx Kopa611e~ Ha

pe~Ae B~l1brel1bMcra

Bce "ieTblpe 3CKa,D.plo1J1blo1 {(6J1eHXe~MOB 6e-

perOBoro

KOMaHAOBaH~O ~

n0110BHHY 3CKSA-

CnpaBa - <jlOTOCHH~IOK l.\eHTpaJIbHOH "aCTH aapOAPOMa <1>opHe6y (paHOH 0010), CAeJIaHHblH aKHna;KeM .liJIenxeHMa. 30
anpeJlH 1940 r. CpeAH ~1HOrO"HClIeHHblXTpaHCnOPTHbIX)u52, BHAHa napa cepe6pHCTbIX 'leTblpeXMOTopHbIX)u90.
OIeBa - .6.rlenxeHMbI' 254-H aCKBAPHJIbH rOTOBJlTCH BbmeCaapOAPOMa Ha OpKHeHCKHX OCTpOBax K HopBe;KCKHM
l\!HoPAaM. DecHa 1940 r.
TeTb

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anpe.>Ih-MaH 1940 r.
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Cona,

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nH nlOlTBalle.

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nOHHMa~, YTO KnIOYOM K n06eAe B Hopeen1111 f1BnfleTCfI rocnOACTBO B B03,D,yxe, 6pIIITaHCKoe KOMaHAOBaHllle pewlllno HaHecnl no

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10

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9
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K l1ell~ rpynna 6bllla aTaKOBaHa naTpYIl~pO
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CTOAeBHTble YHIIlI.fTO>KIIl1111l 06a BblneTeBWIIlX
Ha pa3BeAKy 6J1eHXe~Ma. Ho caMblM T">Ke-

IlblM OKa3anCR 13-~ AeHb aBrycra: TorAa 15


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weCTepKO~ ~cTpe6~Telle~ Bf109E Ha noAXOAe K l1ell~. Ho KaK H~ TR>Kellbl 6blll~ nOTep~ B
3CK8APIllJlb"X cnaHlIlelle~ S HopBenu1, ocHOBHble IIlcnbITaH&.1" neTl.flo1KOB :,O,all&.1 B He6e

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BOBaJ111l ce6R Ha KOHTIIIH8HT8, XOTR 101 He

MHorou,eneBblX

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COlO3HblM aapoAPoMaM. BonpeK~ W~POKO


pacnpocTpaHeHHoMY B cOBeTcKo~ ~CTOp~Ye
CKO~ JI&.1Teparype MHeHIIlIO, HaBeHHHoMy CXOA

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ClleAYIOLlj~

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KopOlleBCK~X BBC BO et>paHl1~~

nepeAOBble
AB"al1~OHHble YA<lPHble C~llbl (Advanced Air
Striking Force), HaCY~TbIBano BCBoeM COCTaBe
BoceMb. aCKaAP~Il~~ llerK~X 60M6apA~poB
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~cTpe6~Telle~. -Xapp~Ke~H. BBC 6p~TaH
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8ritish Expeditionary Force) ~ aB~al1~OHHbl~
aneMeHT KOMaHAOBaH~R B3a~MoAe~cTB~R C
apM~e~ (Armee Co-operation) ~Mell~ nRTb ac-

BIlRIl~

1-10

aB~arpynny 60M6apA~pOBOYHOrO

KOMaHAOBaH~R. Bcero BO et>paH~~ HaxOA~


1l0Cb AO 500 6p~TaHcK~x caMOlleTOB. ~3 H~X
611eHxeVlMoB -

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6STTJ10B - OKO-

llaHACK~e - 42, a 6ellbr~~cK~e - 55. nOaTOMY


Y"'e nepBble >Ke 4aCbl HOBoro aTana 61l~ljKp~

110 160 ~ YYTb 60llee 100 ~cTpe6~Telle~.


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ra- B BOa,llyxe

pa3BeAI.fVlKOB, a Ha Tbl110BbIX aspoAPoMax CBO-

pe3 6ellbr~1O ~ CeBepHYIO et>paH~IO. a Yepe3


rOpHO-lleC~CTbl~ pa~OH ApAeHH, 06XOAR CIleBoro >llaHra 1l~H~1O M3lK~HO" no CYLljeCTBY
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6ellbr~1O ~ rOllllaH~IO, KaK ~ rpynna apM~~

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>KAan~

eLlje 400

~cTpe6~Telle~, 450

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KOB.

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pa3ropell~cb

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60~.

B 05:35 YTpa B HaCTYnneH~e nepewll~ repMaHCKVle Bo~cKa rpynnbl apMVlVI 8, HO He I.fe-

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C, pa3sepHyraH npaTVlB I1I1lHlI1l11 Ma>K101HO>>,

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B 30He 60eBblx Ae~cTB~~ CBblwe


1250 ~cTpe6~Telle~. OKOIlO 1500 60M6ap~
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TaK~M 06pa30M. nOAaBIlRIOLlj~~ nepeBec B KO11WleCTBeHHOM III Kal.feCTBeHHOM OTHoweHIIlVl,
no cpaBHeHVlIO c npoTIIlBHIIlKOM,

BTOp>KeH~e HayanOCb Ha paccBeTe 10 MaR


1940 r. BHe3anHbiM YAapoM nlO>TBa>>e no 72

OAHaKO H~ aHm~~CKoe, H~ >paHl1Y3CKoe KOMaHAOBaH~e 06 aTOM eLlje He 3Han~. ~ nOToMy.


cornaCHO nllaHY A-. COlO3Hble yaCT~ AB~HY
Il~Cb B 6ellbr~lO, CTpeMRCb Bbli1T~ Ha py6e>K
peK~ A~llb, no ~POH~~ CYAb6bl, YAanRRCb OT
yYaCTKa npopblBa.
BnpOyeM, BCKope aB~apa3BeAKa COI03H~
KOB 06HapY"'~lla npoAB~raBw~eCR Yepe3 ApAeHHb~

.BJ!eHXeHMbI' 4O-it: 3CICa,lqJHJlLH BblpYJIHBalOT Ha B3JIer. Bemu<06pHTaIlHll, aBHa6a- HlOm. 1940 r.


.

aa YHTOH, MaR

22

~IOHR

1941 r., COlO3HaR

6b11l1ll roTOBbl K peWIo1T8J1bHOMy Hacrynn8HY1IO.

Ha06opOT. ~H~l1~aT~Ba B HaHeceH~~ nepBoro


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MeXaHVl311lpOSaHHble KOJlOHHbI, HO He

CMoma YCTaHOB~Tb, YTO aTO: OCHOBHO~ YAaP


~Il~ OTBlleKaIOU\l'I~ MaHeBp. 111 no:rOMY 6blll0
np~HRTO peweH~e nap~pOBaTb YAap B l1eHTpe
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11 Mao pyxHyna 060poHa 6enbr~~lleB Ha
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Kopana, TaHKOBble Kopnyca rYAepHaHa H
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B HOYb Ha 14 Ma~ 6nl<3 AI<HaHa Hayan nepenpaBY 15-;; TaHKoBbI;; Kopnyc reHepana rOTa, a
B pa;;oHe CeABHa 19-;; Kopnyc rYAepl<aHa I<
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_ Hel11). CepbB3HYlO KOHKypeHl\_1O eMy COCTaB_n q,na~T-oq,"'l\ep 6epTbe PeKC O'6pa~eH
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30

HIOHR AeBRTKa .6J1eHXe~MOB~ 1013 COCTaBa

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/lIJ aHrn_~CKoro no6epelKbO. HeMl\bl He AOC'l"'ran-eb OAHoro ",crpe6"'leno. B cnyYae lKe een",
oterpe6"'TenbHoe np"'KpblT",e 06ecn8'l_Tb He
YABBanOCb, 3K",nBlK_ Bblneran_ n_60 Ha pacCBeTe, n_60 B CYMepKBX, KOrAB BepooTHOCTb

Y"'IaCTSOSaSWlo1e

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sce Ka.>KeTCfl 4>aHTaCTIo1"'1eCKIo1M:

ceHTfl6pfl OH

c6_n 0017 _ Helll!


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oan0611eHHbI~ TeM, liTO aHmlo1~CKafl aBlo1alJ,lllfl

c6paCblBaeT 60M6bl Ha lK_nble KBapTMbl ropoAOB, xyropa '" AepeBH_- (KaK-6YATO ero C06cTBeHHble J1!3~Io1KIo16b1JlIo1HeBIo1HHblMIo1 aHrenaM\.1!-

npI1M.aBT.), pew_n - aHrn_yaHe AonlKHbl


... \.1CnblTbiBaTb Hawlo1 OTBeTHbfe yp,apbl KIDK.D.YIO

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we 80 npo60_H.
BeeHO~ 1941 r. 25, 29, 219, 600-10 _ 604-10

Io1CTpe6101Tem1 MOr11101 XOTfI 6b1 "'IaCTlo1"'1HO paCKBlo1-

3CKaAPIo1Ilblo1 HallaJIlo1 nOIlY"'laTb MOLLV'ibie 6b1O-

TaTbCO Cn!04>rea4><!>e 38 KonoccanbHble pa3PYweH_O '" lKepTBbl cpeA'" rpBlKABHCKOrO Hacene-

4>a~Tepbl-, OCHal1\eHHble

HIo1f1. TO B TeMHoe BpeMfl cyrOK HeMeLJ,KIo1M nlo1nO-

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naCb OTHOClo1TellbHO He6011bWol1l.

3a yeTblpe MeeOllB (Ho06pb 1940 r. - 4>eBPMb 1941 r.) n!04>Tea4><!>e npo"'3Ben_ OKono 12

we _cTpe6_Tene~ npoT_BH_Ka _ Ae30praH_30eaTb c",cTeMy nBO IOlKHo~ Mrn__ . 3aTeM, He


YAOBneTBop_BW"'Cb AocT",rHyrblM_ pe3ynbTaTaM_, HeMel\KaO aB_all"'O nOABeprna Macc_poeaHHblM 6oM6apA"'poBKaM aapoApoMbl 003_poeaH"'O 6p_TaHCK"'X _crpe6_Tene~. Ha6paHHbl" HeMlIBM_ TeMn BABa He np_KOHy_n Ii1CTpe6_TenblHoe KOMaHAOeaH_e, KOTOpoe K 13 ceHTOtip" 6YKBanblHO waTMOCb OT "'CTOl1\eH"'O, nocKOnblKY pacnonarano Bcero 80 -Xapp_Ke~Ha. no6eAbt oAep*3Hbt 20 III 25 IIllQflR, 3 TaK *e 12 III 26
aBrycTa.

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Bnpo'-leM, 101 Bcero OCTaJlbHoro.

Bllt11aCb JaAa,"'Ia - YHIo1"'1TO)l(Io1Tb KaK MO)l(HO 6011b-

SToro C nOAo6HbiM rlo1raHTOM pacnpaSIo1IlC51

ceplKaHT Y_nbOM Pa~n __3 252-~ aCKSAP_nb_.


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q,paHl\Y3CK",e aB_a6a3bl B pa~oHe AMbBH CeHT-OMep _3 40 -6neHxe~MOB- _cTpe6"'len_
c6_n_ weeTb, a 13 aBrycTa HBA ronnaHACK_M
B3POApoMOM XaMcTeA HeMl\bl CBan_Il_ 11 _3
12 6oM60B030B 82-~ 3CKSAP_nb_. Bcero C 26
"IOHO no 13 OKT06po 6oM6apA"'poBoYHoe KoMaHAOBaH_B nOTepono 103 -cnaH_eno-. 3a ABe
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Ha BTOPOM 3Tane cpBlKeH_O BHe6e Ben_KO6p_TaH_'" nepeA n_nOTaM_ nlOq,Tsa4><!>e CTa-

lIaCTb nepewlla Ha XSSOKIiI, c6101Jl nflTb caMO-

neTOB, BTOM y_cne YeTblpeXMOTopHbl~ FW200,


YH_YTOlKeHHbl~ _M 21 anpeno. 3a nOTb AHe~ AO

7 CeHTJl6pJl 1940 r. CTaJlO AiIJl


BaHHoro HO'IHOrO Haller, 60
pO,lJ;a npeBpaTWIaCb B

pBA"'OnOKaTOpaM_ AI
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BHOYHOM He6e.
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CTPBAB"_ OT OAHoro AOBonblHO Henp_OTHoro
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ABrJDW, _ . 1940 r.

B TOM )l(e roAY 53-10 ~ 59-10 3Ci<aAP~nb~ nePBAaJ1~ 6eperoBoMY KOMaHAOBaH"'IO. BCKOpe K
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272-R 3CKa.APHJlHH, C 3HCOHOS Ha cnaHHen~> nepeBOOpy>K~n~ 500-10 ~

TaK )l(e

608-10, KOTopble
rAe y>Ke

nepeAaJ1~ MOPCKO~ aB",a~~,

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614-10), "'" BblBen~ ~3 COCTaBa KOMaHAOBaH~R
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-n~3aHAepoB> Ha -nCOB>. 236, 252-R ~ 272-R


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MecR4

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)l(e T~nOM 60M6apA~poBUj~Ka OCHaCT",n~ ~
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r.

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C08A"'HeH~R nlO<\>TBa<l><l>e ~b1BOA"'n~Cb ~3 60ee

17

22
48
96

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H OTnpaBJlRJlHCb Ha AOyt<OMnIleKTOBaHHe MaTe-

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39
32

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MKIV.

nepe6paCblBaJ1~CbK rpaH~l.(3M CoBeTcKoro Co-

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3TOT AeeKT, 6J1eHXe~MblAOBOJlbHO aKTIo1BHO Ii1cnOllb30BaJ1Ii1Cb 3Kli1nIDKaMIo1 HOYHIo1KOB,

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1941 r. OKono 70

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OAHaKo B pe3ynbTaTe OW",60K, AonYUjeHHblx
B XOAe 6V1TBbl3a AHrnli1lO, 101 BcneACTBIi18 OT-

Ka3a OT BblCaAK'" Ha oCTpoBa oceHblO 1940 r.,


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KOPOTK~V1 YCnEX HA lOrE


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H3 HHX 3KCnJlyaTHpOBaJlH 6JleHxe&ilMbI.


A~cnOl.(~pOBan~cb OH~ cneAYIOUj~M 06p,,-

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38HLo1THbiM orHeM), a IilTal1bRHlJ,b1 HeO)KY1AaH-

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A~Tb. ne,"~K~ Ae~cTBoBan~ ~ npoT~B


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Aexa6pb 1940 r.

HylO IItnnlOM LilHau,1It 10 , aHrm1~CK""e aK""na>K""


06pyw~n~

Ha CTOOHK~ ~ aHrapbl rpBA 9-Kr OCKOnO"Ho-<j>yracHbix ~ 3"",~raTenbHblX 6oM6,


C6POC~B Ha KB)l(AylO ~3 aB~a6a3 CBblwe 600
nOA06HblX rOCT~HlleB. B pe3ynbTaTe, no cnoBaM OAHoro ""3 OYeB""Au,ea Hanera, Ha aapoAPOMax cropeno Bce, ",ro TonbKO Morno ro-

peTb.... Pe3ynbTaTbi HeAenbHblX

yc~n~I< n~

nOTOs 6b1n"" Hall""U,O: ""rallbs:lHlJ,b1 nLilWlo1J1""Cb


nO"T~

250 caMoneTOB. KorAa 9 AeKa6p~ aHr-

J1""lilcKLile TaHK"" "" nexora nepewn"" B HacrynneH~e, ~TanbOHCK~e

BBC CMom~ OKa3aTb

nLilWb anLil30A""yeCKOe conpor""BneH""e, Bnpo-

"eM, KaK ~ cyxonyrHble "aCT~. Y",e 10 AeKa6po 6b1n B30T C~A~-6appaH~, a K 16 AeKa6po,
KorAa ~TanbOHlleB Bbl6~n~ ~3 Er~nTa, ~x no-

OKono 40

K 3TOMy BpeMeH~ ~Tanb~HCKao ~cTpe6~


TenbHao aB~all~o B 3Ha"~TenbHol< Mepe onpaB~naCb OT BHe3anHoro YAapa ~ 14 AeKa6po
CMorna nOTpenaTb 55-10 3CKBAP~nblO, KOTOpao B xOAe HaneTa Ha 6apA~1O nOTepona BOceMb 60M6apA~poBUI~KOB B CXBaTKe C CA.42.
Bcero B TOT AeHb KoponeBCK~e SBC n~w~
n~Cb 11 .6neHXel<MoB'. Ha <j>poHTe KTOMy ",e
nOs:lBVlnVlCb HOBbie /.1ranbs:lHCK/.1e Vlcrpe611trenVl

MC.200 .Caena (MC.200 Saetla), conOCTaHTaJIbJlHCKHe TpexMOTopuble 60M6apAHpoB~HKH8.79, YHH'lTO)l(eHHble


ua OAHOM H3 JlHBHHCKHX a3pO)q)OMOB
aHTJJHHCKHMH 60M6apAHPOB~HKaMH
B XOAe onep~HH .KoMnae-, KOTOP3JI
Ua'laJIaCb B HO'll> Ha 2 AeKa6pJl 1940 r.

.!iJIeHXeHM MKiV. H3 cocrana aCK3ApHJILH


.]loppeH' BBC .CpalKalOll.\eH91 <l>pal{l.\HH"
Ernner, aapoAP0>I KaHpo-Yacr, necua 1941 r.

TpoljleHHLlii .!iJIeHXeH>I MKlV., 3axBa'ICHHLlH HTaJIMrHl.\a>IH n 1940-1941 IT

!iJIeHXeiiM MKI> H3 cocrana 11-H OTACJILHOH pa3neALIBaTCJILHOH anHarpyrmLl BBC


IOroCJIanHH.
IOrOClIaBHJI, aBHa6aaa BeJI.HKH P~HHU.H,
neCHa 1941 r .

!iJIeHXeH>I MKI. (,zJ,opa60T3HHLIH, c HHlKHeH orHenoH TO'IKOH) H3 cocrana 62-H rpynnLl BBC
IOroCJIaBHH.
IOroCJIanHJI, anHa6a3a !ilKCJIlKHHa, neCHa 1941 r.

.!iJIeHXeH>I MKIV. H3 cocrana 226-H aCKaAPHJILH KopOJIenCKHX BBC. BCJIHKo6puTauHJI,


anua6a3a YOTTHcra>I,JIero 1941 r.

~6JIeHXeihl MKI+ H3 COCTaBa 3CKa,u;pU}lbH


LeLv 42 BBC <!)HHJUlHI\HII.
<l>HHJlHHI\H>I, JIC"ro 1941 r.

~6JIeHXe]:Il\1 MldV,~ H3 cocrana 84-H 3CKa)l;PHJIbH l(opOJIenCKlIX BBC. HpaK, anHa6a3a


Xa66aHHlI, oceHb 1941 r.

~BJIeHXe"M MKh "3 COCT3na 34-H: 3Cn:alJ,pUJIbH

KOpOJIenCKHX BBC. ManaKKCKllii nOJIYOCTpOn,


a13Ha6a3a TeHralll, H01l6pb 1941 1'.
Cal\loJIcr HeCeT ,D,OBOeHHbIH: napHauT on03l-1anaTeJlbHblX 311aKOB H TaKTHlJeCKO}1 MapKHpoBKH.

'6JIeHxe>IM MKI, 1f3 COCTana 62-ii 3cKa;IPIIJIblf KopOJlenCKHX BBC. OCl'POn CyMaTpa,
al3lfa6a3a naneol6aHI', 3lfMa 1941 - 1942 IT.

'6JIeHXeiiM MKIV. 1f3 COCTana 107-" 3CKaAPIfJIblf KopoJlencKHX BBC. OCl'Pon MaJIbTa,
anlfa6a3a JIyKa, 3lfMa 1941 -19421'1'.

nepBOH B COCTaBe BBC 3anap;HoH nyCThlHH '1eTBepKH. n0JIY'lHJIa 113-JI


9CKap;PHlThJl. Ee 9KHna>I<H nepeCeJlH
Ha HOByro MOAH(I>HKa~HIOe~e B HIOHe 1940 r. AO Ha'laJIa 60eBhIX AeHCTBHJI Ha AcI>PHKaHcKoM TB.IJ;. TorAa lKe,
C ~eJIhIO YJIY'lmeHHJI MaCKHpOBO'lHhIX CBOHCTB KaMYcI>JIJ"Ka, Ha cl>I03eJIJI:ac:ax H HH)KIIHX nOBepXHOCTJIX

KOHCOJIeH aHrJIHHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB,


Ha'laJIaCh 9pp03HJ1. TaKTH'IeCKOH
MapKHpOBKH.
BYlMbie C 6pYlTaHCKYlMYl -XappYlKeVlHaMYl, Yl B
Te"eH~e nOCJ1eAH~X HeAeJ1b 1940 r. 3CKaAP~
nbYl cnaHYleneVl nOHeCnYl AOBonbHO cepbe3-

Hble nOTep~. Hanp~Mep. B 39-i'i ~ 45-i'i 3CKBAP~J1bHX K POlKAeCTBY HaC"~TblBanOCb Bcero no


ceMb YlCnpaBHblx caMoneTOB. Ho HaCTYnneHlo18

npOAOJ1JKan~ nOAAepJK~BaTb cyxonyTHble Boi'icKa.


5 RHBapR 1941 r. nOCJ1e OJKeCTO"eHHoi'i
60M6eJKK~ Kan~ryJ1~poBan 45-TblCR"Hbli'i rapH~30H 6aPA~~. a 22-ro CAaJ1~Cb 30 TblC. 38pa3B~BaJlOCb ~ YL\eJ1eBW~e 3K~nBlK~

14~TH~KOB T06pyKa. Ha YKpenJ1eH~R KOTOPOro


AHeM paHee KOpOJ1eBCK~e SSC c6pOC~J1~
CBblwe 200 T 60M6. 30 HHBapR 6blJ1~ B3RTbl
AepHa ~ 3J1b-MeK~J1~. 3 <l>eBpanH B03AywHaR
pa3BeAKa AOHecna, '-ITO YlTanb51HCKYle BOVICKa
nOK~IOT K~peHa~KY. ~ nOCJ1e CTpeM~TeJ1b
HOro 6POCKB aHrn~i'icK~e TaHK~CTbl 7 <l>eBpanH
BopBan~cb B 6eHra3~.
OAHaKo OKOH"aTeJ1bHO O"~CT~Tb CeBepHylO A<I>p~KY OT -"epHopy6awe"H~KoB MycCOJ1~H~ He YAaJlOCb. XOTR A~B~3~~ Mapwana

rpal.\~aH~ nOTepneJ1~ TRJKeJ10e nopBlKeH~e.


nOTepRB CBblwe 130 TblC. "eJ10BeK J1~"Horo CoCTaBa. nO"T~ 1300 OPYA~i'i. 60J1ee 400 TaHKOB
~ OK0J10 1100 CaMOJ1eToB. Ha ceBepo-a<l>p~
KaHCKOM TSA 3~MOi'i 1940 - 1941 rr. nORB~J1CR
HOBbli'i rpo3Hbli'i npoT~BH~K: 60M6apA~poB
14~K~ X aB~aKopnyca nlO<!>TBa<l><\>e reHepana
rei'icJ1epa ~ TaHK~ -HeMel.\Koro A<I>p~KaHcKoro
Kopnyca.. reHepana POMMeJ1R. rOBOpR R3blKOM
rBAallOK. aHrn~"aH BCeBepHoi'i A<I>p~Ke lKAaJ1~

60nbwYle XJl0nOTbI ...

nO~CK nYTEVI MOAEPH~3AU~~ ~ HOBbiE 3AAA'"I~


~Tor~ nepBoro 60eBoro pei'iAa -6J1eHxei'iMOB" 4 ceHTR6pR 1939 r. He BHywaJ1~ onr~

K~

MYl3Ma - 3CKao,pYlnbYl 6neHxeVlMoB nOHec-

yeCKYle 3aKOHl.\OSKlil nOMeH51nlo1 Ha np51MO-

J1~ Cepbe3Hble nOTep~. Ho rJ1aBHbli'i WTa6 Ko-

yrOJ1bHble. "TO nOBJ1eKJ10 3a .c060i'i yMeHbweH~e pa3Maxa KpblJ1a Ha 1.12 M. YMeHbW~J1aCb

pOJ1eBCK~X SSC npOAOJ1JKan op~ettT~poBaTb


CR Ha 3T~ 60M6apA~pOB14~K~. S Mae 1940 r.
YlX BlUllOYYlnYl S CnYlCOK n51TYl HaYl60nee npYlop~TeTHblx T~nOB. OnpeAeJ1eHHble OCHOBaH~R AnR 3Toro 6blJ1~. nOCKOJ1bKY ~3 Bcex
&.1MeaW&.1XC51 S TO apeM51 S paCnOpR>KeH&.1&.1
60M6apA~pOBO"HOrO KOMaHAOBaH~H 60MCaMblM~ 6blCTPOXOAHblM~ nonpe:>KHeMy OCTaSan&.1Cb cnaHlI1enYl.

60B030B.

~MeHHO 3TO Ka"eCTBO. np~cY14ee -KOpOneSCK&.1M ncaM, n06YAYlnO Mlo1Hlo1CTepCTBO


aB~al.\~~

BblAaTb 3BAaH~e <I>~pMe -6p~

60M600TceKa 3aMeH~J1~ AByMR l.\eJ1bHO-

WT8MnOS8HHblMlil n8Hen51MII1, 8 nonY3nnYlnTYl-

&.1 nnow.a.o,b OCTelUleHII151 Ka6&.1HbI: SMeCTO nneKCII1rn8Ca n051SlI1nYlCb AlOpanesbie n8Hen&.1.

AB~raTeJ1~ Ha HOM~HanbHOM peJK~Me pa3B~BaJ1~ no 1080 J1.C . MaKC~MaJ1bHaR CKOPOCTb nOJ1eTa Ha BblCOTe 5500 M COCTaB~J1a
Bcero 489 KM/". Ha peJK~Me "pe3Bbl"ai'iHoi'i
M014HOCT~ ~3 MOTOpOB YABBanOCb BblJKaTb no
1125 J1.C. Ho 3TO Mano nOMorano - caMOJ1eT
TaK ~ He nepewarHyJ1 py6eJK 500' KM/". K TOMy

nponeJ1J1epbl
.Ae-X3B~~J13HA'
(De
Havilland). ycryn~J1~ MeCTO ~3AeJ1~RM <I>~P
Mbl -POTOJ1 (Rotol). ~MeBW~M 60J1bW~i'i A~a
MeTp ~ 60J1ee w~poK~e J10naCT~. CTblK~ OT-

SneHI.18 s03AyuJHoro nOTOKa 38MeTHO HVI:>Ke AB~raTeJ1~ 6blCTPO neperpeBan~cb.

ceKOS &.1 nll1CTOS 06WI.1SKI.1 Tw.aTenbHO 3awnaTneSanl.1 1.1 nOKpblnYl Cnel.\l.1anbHblM oco-

HII1l'l seCbMa CKenTII1'-1eCKI.1 Ol.\eHI.1Sanl.1 S03-

60 rnBAK~M' J1aKOM. npeTepneJ1a ~3MeHeH~R


~ C~CTeMa HBAAyBa AB~raTeJ1ei'i. A~aMeTp
Kpblnb'-laTOK HarHeTaTeneVi KOTOpblX ysenHYHJ1~ Ha 2 MM. "TO 06eCne"~BanO MaKC~Manb

)l(e 1113-38 nnoxoro OXTla.>l<J],eHI.151 - Ha 6onbwoVi

BblCOTe ~3-38 pa3pHJKeHHOCT~ aTMoc<\>epbl AB-

Cnel.\~an~CTbl -6P~CT0J1b 3HJK~H


MOJKHOCT~

KOMna-

AanbHei'iwero Hapa14~BaH~R CKO-

POCT~ nOJ1eTa MaW~Hbl. no ~x paC"eTaM. Aa:>Ke C npl.1MeHeHlo1eM MOTOpOS otMepnl.1H

xx.

peJ1b (Bblpe3 B <l>103eJ1RJKe Harnyxo 3BAeJ1a-

HylO M014HOCTb Ha BblCOTax CBblwe 4000 M.


Pa60Tbl. Ha"aTble B RHBape 1940 r.. 3aKOH"~J1~ B KOHl.\e <l>eBpanR. S nepBblx "~CJ1ax
MapTa HOBbli'i pa3BeA"~K -6J1eHxei'iM PR MKI
(PR - photo reconnaissance - C aHrn. <l>OTOpa3BeA"~K) nepeAaJl~ Ha ~cnblTaH~R. ~x pe-

(Merlin XX) M014HOCTblO no 1260 J1.C. eABa J1~


YAanocb 6bl AOCT~"" CKOPOCT~ 507 KM/". S
3BAaH~~ JKe YKa3blBaJ10Cb Tpe60BaH~e He MeHee 533 KM/".
nORB~J1~Cb ~ APyr~e npo6J1eMbl: ~3-3a Harpy30K ~ B~6pa~i'i. B03H~KaBW~X np~ 3KCnJ1yaTal.\~~. a TaKJKe aTMoc<l>epHoro BOBAei'i-

nYl), KpblnbesoVi nyneMeT C 6oe3anacoM 1o1 sce


60M6apA~pOBO"HOe060pYAOBaH~e. CTBOp-

3ynbT8TbI OK83anl.1Cb pa30Y8pOSblS81OUJ,HMI.1.


XOTR CaMOJ1eT 06J1erY~J1~ 60J1ee "eM Ha 850 Kr.

CTSI.151 wnaTneSKa Yl naK paCTpeCKIo1SanYlCb H


HaYII1HanVl OTBanVlSaTbC51 Ha CTblKax. B pe3ynb-

CTonb Ha npoeKH1pOSaHYle CKOpOCTHoro

AByxMOTopHoro pa3BeA"~Ka Ha 6a3e cep~i'i


Horo 60M6apAYlposw.YlKa 6neHx8V1M MKI C
AB~raTeJ1HM~ -MepKYP~i'i

XV", C l.\eJ1blO 06-

J1erYeH~R KOHCTPYKI.\~~ ~ YJ1y"weH~R 06TeKaeMOCTlil 103en51)l(a 6b1n&.1 CH51TbI: aepXH5151 TY-

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CTaHeT HeAOCJIraeMhlM AJIlI .MeccepmMHTTOB.
TBacl>cl>e OKa3aJ1HCh yTOl1H'IHhI.

M:td.,

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TaTe nOCJ1e HeCKOJ1bK~X nOJ1eTOB CTpeJ1Ka yKa3aTeJ1R CKOPOCT~ AaJlbwe OTMeT1<~ 470 KM/"
He nepeMel4aJ1aCb. Ha CKOPOCTRX. 6J1~3K~X K
MaKC~MaJ1bHblM. ynpaBJ1eH~e no KYPCY Ha
pa3seAbls8renbHOM cnaHVlen8l'l CTaHOSH-

J10Cb BeCbMa TRJKeJ1blM ~ Tpe60Bano 60J1bW~X


YCVlnVlVl, '-ITO OTMeyanlo1 VlcnblTaTenVl.

B KOHu.e

KOHI.\OB. n06eA~J1 Bap~aHT n~J10Ta-~CTpe6~


TeJ1R KOpOJ1eBCK~X SSC J1ei'iTeHaHTa M.nOHr60TToMa. KOTOPbli'i npeAnoJK~J1 ~cnOJ1b3O'
BaTb B 3TOi'i POJ1~ HeBoopyJKeHHble ~cTpe6~
Tenlo1

Cn&.1T8V1p.

6narOAap51

MeHbweH

Macce, nY'"lweVi a3pOAIIIHaM&.1Ke III 6011ee SbI-

J1eTHblM AaHHblM. OH~ ~MeJ1~ ropa3Ao


60J1bWe waHCOB oTopBaTbcR OT rp03Hblx
COK~M

MeccepoBlIl, Y8M pa3seAblsaT811bHble -cnaHllle11Vl.

KpynHoMacwTa6Hble BOBAywHble onepa~~. pa3BepHYBw~ecR BecHoi'i-J1eTOM 1940 r.


HSA CKaHA~HaB~ei'i ~ <1>paHI.\~ei'i. co Bce.
O'-leBIIIAHOCTbtO nOKa3anYl: SpeM51 -cnaHlo1eJ1ei'i npowJ1o. OAHaKo OTcyTcTB~e cOBpe-

MeHHblX 60M6apA~pOB14~KOB. Han~"~e OTnaJKeHHOro npo~3BoAcTBa. 60J1bWOe KOJ1~"eCT


BO Yl3rOTOB118HHblX MaWIIIH &.1 3anYaCTe~, cnoC06cTBoBan~ TOMy. "TO KOMaHAOBaH~e 6PHTaHCK~X

SSC BHOBb 6pocano 3K~naJK~ -6neH-

xe;;MOB nOYT~ Ha BepHylO r~6enb. OyeHb


CKOpO y 3TOro CaMOneTa, eUle HeAaBHO ~B
nRBweroc~ rOPAOCTblO KOpOneBCK~X BaG,
nO~B~noCb npeap~TenbHO-~pOH~YHOe C ~a
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K.

05eCne"'lIo1BaIWI AOBOflbHO

cna6ylO aaUl~TY aBAHe;; nonyc<j>epbl aT aTax


HeMel.lx~x ~cTpe6~Tene;;, He roBOP~ YlKe 06
OAHOM TaXOM nyneMeTe. CTpenxy nocne HeCKonbX~X np~CTpenOYHblX OYepeAe;;, nOAyaC
B Ha~60nee Hanp~lKeHHbl;; MOMeHT 60~, np~
xOA~nOCb MeH~Tb 06a Maraa~Ha. B 3T~ MrHOBeH~~ HeMel.lX~;; ~cTpe6~Tenb 6blCTPO c6n~
lKanc~ C aHrn~;;CX~M 60M6apA~poBUl~XOM,
3aXOAl.111 B tcMepTB08 lt npocrpaHCTBO 38 X80-

CTOBblM onepeHlo18M, rAe craHOBlo1J1Cs:l npaKTIII~eCKIII

HeYs:l3BIo1MblM, 101 OTKpblBaIl orOHb Ha no-

pBlKeH~e. Ho 3TO 6blno eUle non6eAbl, no-

CKonbKY B 3TOM cny-<ae y CTpenKa Bce-TaK~


6bln He60nbWO;; waHC ecn~ He C6~Tb, TO XO-

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Hble 060POHHTeJIbHbIe 003.lOlKHOCTH oepXHeii <plOaeJIJllKHoii TypeJIH .6pHCTOJlb B.h (CJIeoa), OOOpy>KeHHOii OAHHM 7,71-MM nyJleMeTOM .BHKKepc K.,
HMeOWHM Mara3HHHoe nHTaHHe. CTOJIb'lKe HeOblCOIOlM nOTeH~H3JIOM06J1BAaJla H .6pHCTOJlb B.IlIA., HMeOWaJI Aoa TaKHX nyJleMeTa. n03TOMY OCKope nOJlOHJlaCb .6pHCTOJlb B.IV. (cnpaoa), OCHa~eHHaJIcnapKoii .6paYHHHroo. Toro lKe
K3JIH6pa, HO HMeBWHX JleHTOqHOe nHTaHHe. Ho If 3T0 YJIY'IweHHe y>Ke lie OTBeq3JIO pe3JIHJlM B03AYWHOii BoiiHbI_ K COlK3JIeHHIO, P3AHK3JIbHO YCHJlHTb 60eoYJO MO~b 3TOii orHeooii TOqlOl BBeAeHHeM napbl KpynHOK3JI1I6epHbIX nyJleMeTOO, KaK 3T0 CAeJI3JIH aMepHK3I1~bIHa CBOHX 60M6apAHpoo~HKax,allrJJHiiclOIe KOHCTpYKTOPbl He CMOrJJH. npH'lHHOii 3Toro 6b1Jl orpaHHqeHHblii BlryrpeHHHii o6"beM, npOAIIKTOBaHHblii, B CBOIO oqepeAb, Tpe60BaHHJlMH a3pOAHHaMHKH

e~e

H3 3Tane C03,n;aHHH i"lamHHhI.

T51 6bl OTorHaTb CIlM8ccep 101m" aacraSlo1Tb era


cH~ay.

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cHap~AY! Ho BCKope npo~aowno HeCKonbKO
KaTacTpo<j>: y Tpex 60M6apA~poBU1~KOB
BapblBbl 6YKBanbHo oTOpBan~ XBOCTbl ~ ABa

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llalllll TaKylO

XBOCTOBblX ~aCTRX 4>103ellR)I(e~ npope3aIlIII

3Klllna>Ka nor&.16J1&.1. Bo Bcex clly~aRx nplII~IIIHa

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6bllla OAHa - HeCOBepweHCTBO B3pblBaTene~

KPblJ1b8Bb1M 6paYH\I1HroM npaKTIo148CKIII He

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6b11l0 waHCOB (C3aaam1Tb)) araKyK>w,ero raHca. 101 n03TOMY YlKe B Mae 1940 r. Ha AByx ceP~;;HblX 'YeTBepKax (cep. N2N2 L4847 ~
L4857) Hayan~Cb ~cnblTaH~~ paan~YHblX B~
AOB BepxH~x ~ H~lKH~X TYpene;;. 6blcTpee Bce
ro YABnOCb nOBblC~Tb 3<p<peKT~BHOCTb BepxHe;; orHeBO;; TOYK~, YCTaHOB~B ABa 7,71-MM
nyn8M8ra 6paYHIo1Hr Ol c n8HTOYHblM mnaHIo1eM. np~MeHeH~e r~APoyc~n~Ten~ noaBon~
no CTpenxy CYUleCTBeHHO YBen~Y~Tb yrnbl 06CTpena. 60eaanac KBlKAOro ~a nyneMeToB coCTaB~n 500 naTpOHOB, HO BCKope 6bln YBen~
yeH AO 1000 Ha CTBon. nOA MapKo;; .6p~
CTOnb B.MKIV- TaKB~ TYpenb 6blna BHeAPeHa
Ha cep~;;Hbl~ 60M6apA~poBUl~Kax. 3HaY~

aHaY~TenbHYIO

r8J1bHOe KOnlo1"'18CTBO .6n8Hx8HMOB oCHaw,a-

nOCb ~M~ np~Mo B yaCT~X.


OAHaKo cH~ay caMoneT 6bln no-npelKHeMY
6eaaaUl~TeH. nO~B~Bw~ec~ HeCKonbKO 06paal.lOB TYpene;; C nep~CKOn~YeCK~M~ np~
l.lenaM~ 6bln~ Man03<j><j>eKT~BHbl. KOHCTpyKTOpbl, CTapa~Cb YMeHbW~Tb a3pOA~HaM~Ye
eKoe conpon1B1l8HIo18 BblC"TynalOUJ,lo1X 3a Hlo1}1(-

onepau,&.1IO: B

npOCTpeIlIIIBaJl&.1

~ MexaH~aMa c6poca.

yaCTb H~lKHe;; nonyc<j>epbl


cneBa ~ cnpaBa aT XBOCTOBoro onepeH~~.
3TO peweH~e Ta"",e He np~aHan~ YAOBneTBop~TenbHblM, HeMel.lK~e ~cTpe6~Ten~, HanBAaBW~e, KaK npaB~no napa;;, OyeHb yaCTO
aaxoA~n~ B aTaKy OAHOBpeMeHHO C paaHblX
HanpaBneH~;;, a XBOCTOBO;; CTpenOK Mar Bec-

npeA!'aran~Cb APyr~e cpeACTBa, Hanp~


Mep Bbl6paCblBaTb HaBCTpeYy ~cTpe6~TenlO
HecxonbKO <j>yHTOB KpynHo;; AP06~, KOTopa~
AonlKHa 6blna paa6~Tb n060Boe CTeKnO ~C
Tpe6~TenR ~ nOBpeA~Tb Macno-, B9AOPBA~a
TOPbl ~ nponennep. 101 Bce lKe ~ablCKaH~~ KOH-

Till orOHb TOJ1bKO 1113 OAHO~ orHeBO~ TOl.lKIII.

nnOAbl. OceHblO 1940 r. nOAWTYPMaHCKo;; Ka-

CTPYKTOPOB-OPYlKe;;H~KOB

6HHO~ OAHO~ 1113 Ol14eTBepOK nORBIIIJ1CR nneK-

peHIIIs:J npOAOJ1>KMa OCTaBaTbCR ctM'epTBas:J

ClllrnaCOBbI~ KOJ1naK, BHyrplll KOToporo 6b1na


CMOHT~pOBaHaTYpenb .peaep-H3w FN-54

noaBA~'~ H~lKe XBOCTOBOro

(HenpOCTpen~BaeMa~)

aOHa, OrpaH~YeHH~
yrnoM B 40'; ~MeHHO TYAa ~ aa6",pan~cb
Meccepbl, aTaKYs:J cnaHllleJ1e~.
Bnpol.leM, AJlR 3aw.IIITbl OT aTaK B HIII>KHe~

nonyc<j>epe ~cnonbaOBan~Cb He TonbKO nyneMeTbl. B 21-;; 3CKBAP~nbB B XBOCTOBblX yacTRX HeCKonbK~X 60M60BoaoB CMOHT~POsan~
KOHTe~Hepbl, B K(l)K,l\b1~ lo13 KOTOpblX YllO>K1II1l1II

no 20

n~T~<j>YHTOBblX

(2.27-Kr) nOAPblBHblX

naTpoHoB, cHa6>KeHHblX XIIIMIII~eCKHMIII B3PblBaTellRM&.1. nepBble onbiTbi OKa3aJ1HCb Bne-

Yam~IOUl~M~: aa XBOCTOM 60M6apA~poBUl~

Ka 06paaoBblBanacb BepeH~l.la paapblBOB, xa-

(Frazer-Nash FN-54) C 7.71-MM nyneMeToM


.6paYH~Hr FN- (60eaanac 250 naTpoHoB),
npeAHaaHayeH.HblM An~ cTpenb6bl HaaBA. Typenb OCHaCTHnH wlllpoKoyrollbHblM nepIIICKO-

n~yeCK~M np~l.lenOM. 06CnYlK~Ban orHeBylO


TOYXY wTYpMaH. B cBoe;; Ka6~He OH op~eHT~
pOBanc~ no oTpBlKeH~1O l.len~ Ha aepKane, Ha
KOTopoe oAHoBpeMeHHo npOel.l~pOBanacb ~
ceTKa np~l.lena.
_
3~MO;; 1940-1941 rr. nO~B~naCb MOAepH~a~poBaHHa~ TYpenb FN-54A, aaKnIOYeHHa~
B' 6poH~poBaHHbl;; KOlKyx. BOOPYlKeH~e ee

HIOIO 06Wlo1BKy aneMeHTOB, npOeKTlo1pOBMIII


neplIICKonbl MIIIHIIIMMbHblX pa3MepOB 111, KaK
ClleACTBHe, OHlo1 IIIMellH HeAocTaTo~HbI~ ceK-

TOp 06aopa. nO;;MaTb B np~l.len aTaKYIOUl~;;


~cTpe6~Tenb 6blho TPYAHO, T.K. CTpenOK B~
Aen ero lllllWb B

Te~eHllle

OTAellbHblX MOMeH-

TaB aTaK~.
Io1cXOAR ~a nony-<eHHoro OIlblTa, 3K~nalK~,
He AOlK~Aa~Cb nOKa cnel.l~an~CTbl ~a K6
<j>~PMbl CMOryT YTo-n~60 npeAnOlK~Tb, Hayan~ caM~ MOAepH~a~pOBaTb 60M6apA~pOB
U1~K~.

TaK,

KOMaHA~p

107-;;

3cKaAP~nb~

B~Hr-KoMaHAep63a~n 3M6p~ ycoBepweHcTBOBan MaW~Hbl cneAYIOUl~M 06paaoM, B HOKa6~He wTYpMaHa 6bln yCTaHoBneH
OA~H nyneMeT .B~KKepc K An~ CTpenb6bl
BnepeA, eUle no OAHOMy TaxoMy aB~aTopbl
CMOHT~poBan~ B XBlKAO;; ~a AByx MOTorOHAon. nOCKonbXY OH~ 6bln~ HenOAB~lKHbl, TO
~rpan~ CKopee ponb .nyraYe;;, HelKen~ peanbHoro 60eBoro cpeACTBa. B HeKOTopblX 3CKBAP~nb~x B WTYPMaHCKo;; Ka6~He MOHT~PO
Ban~ napy .B~KKepcoB-K BMeCTe CO WTaTHblM np~l.lenOM TYpen~ .6p~CTOnb B.MKIII. B

COBO;;

3TOM Cl1Y'"1ae KPbll1b8BO~

era

6paYHIIIHr 1113-3a

Man03<j><j>eKT~BHOCT~yaCTO CH~Man~.

Ho

OCHOBHas:J cnO}l(HOCTb 3aKllIOl.lMaCb B o6opo-

<j>~PMbl np~Hecn~

one-

KpOMe Toro,

06paTHTe BHHMaHHe
MeTa: OH HaxOAHTCJI
npaBOMY 6opTy.

acnOJlOlKeHHe HOCOBoro nyJleAI> He B ~eHTpe, a CMeweH K

nOlKapoonaCHOCTb. nOcne nOpaJKeH~O BHeWH~X 6aKOB, 6eH3~H BblTeKBll BO BHYTpeHHlO1O


nonQCTb Kpb{J1a 111 nOBTOpHble nOnaAaHlo1S1 y>Ke
rp03~n~

B3pblBOM.

CnpaS8A/U1BOCTVI pa,o,a.-1 OTMen1M, ~TO OT

OTCYTCTB~O npOTeKT~pOBaHHblX

6eH306aKOB

CrpaAaJ1101 He TQJ1bKO 3KYlnIDKL1 .6neHXelltMOS.

60J1bWIo1HCTBO aHrm"lilcKIIIX caMonerOB B nepBble rOAbi BOlltHbI, BKJ1lOyaH CnVlTepaVlpbI III

XapPVlKe&llHbl, HX raK;>Ke, KaK npaBa.1J10, He


Li1Mellll1.

Ho ca~IOH CJIOlKHOH np06J1e'IOH OKa3aJ1aCL 3a~Ta XBOCTa


CHH3Y. TOJILKO oceHLIO 1940 r cnaHHeJlH' 063aBeJlHCL HH>K-
HeH TypeJILlO .<!>paaepH3111 FN-54' BOOPY>KeHHOH OAHHO...
HLIM .BpaYHHHroM'. HeCKOJlLKO n03AHee nOJlBHJlCR yJlY'lllleHHLlH BapHaHT 3TOH orneBoH ro... KH F -54A C AB~lH TaKHIUH ny)]el\oleTa~IH.

KOMnOHOBO'lHaJI cxeMa
I}JIeHXeHMa

6btflO YCIIln8Ho sropblM raKII1M >Ke nyneMeroM,

I-1Mena. Ho 1-1 B AanbHeiilweM

a 60e3anac YBen~"eH AO 500 naTpoHoB Ha KaJKAbl~ CTBon. ABa naTpoHHblX Ol1\~Ka Tenepb
pacnonarBll~cb cneBa ~ cnpaBa OT wrypMa-

MaWI-1H He YAanOCb, B OCHOBHOM

Ha, YTO HeCKOJ1bKO OrpaHVlYlo1JlO erc

pa6o'-iee

Mecro.
He MeHee OCTpO CTOon Bonpoc 3al1\~Tbl

Tonm1BHOIIt CLo1creMbi 6neHXeYlMa. Oco6eHHQ 3TO OTHOCIIIJ10Cb K lieTsepKaM, VlMeBWV1M

MKV,)

3aMeTHO nOBblCVlTb )KI-1BYlieCTb


Vl3-3a HeXBaTKI-1 KayliyKa, KOTopafl

oc06eHHO OCTpO CTBlla Ol1\Yl1\aTbCO B


1942 r. nocne 3axBaTa OnOHL1aM~ Mana~~, 6~PMbl, a TaKJKe OCTpOBOB CyMaTpa
~ 51Ba. BcneAcTB~~ 3TOro npOTeKT~pOBaH
Hble 6eH306aK~ CTaB~n~Cb TOnbKO B L1eHTp

sa
ro
Ka

AocrarOl.JHO BMecnneJlbHble HenporeKH1po-

nnaHe, a B KOHconflX OCTaBafll-1Cb 06b1liHble,

WI

aaHHble 6eH306aK\.I1, 3aHlI1MaaWllle 3HaYlineJ1bHylO yaCTb o6beMa KpblJla, 4TQ BellO K HDkeJ1bIM norepSlM caMoneTOB SToro nma. nepBble 60M6apA~pOBl1\~K~ C npOTeKT~pOBaH
HblM~ 6aKaM~ CTan~ nOflBnflTbCfl BecHo~

Tonnl-1BO Vl3 KOTOpblX Bblpa6aTbiBanocb B nep-

py

BylO O"epeAb. 3~Mo~'1940-1941 rr. Ha ,6neH-

I..\~

1940 r. HaKaHyHe <ppaHL1Y3cKO~ KaMnaH~~, ~

CI-1CTeMa Ha3i:)lBanaCb BTopafl 30Ha HeiilT-

Ill'

no:noMy 60nbwafl liaCTb CaMOJ1eTOB HX He

panbHoro ra3a-), HO 3TO He HaMHoro CHlo131-1no

Tp'

xeiilMax"

nOflBl-1naCb CVlCTeMa 3anonHeHVlfl

ne

6eH306aKoB OXfla)l(AeHHblMI-1 BblxnonHblMVI

no

ra3aM~ (B COBeTcKoM COlO3e aHanorVlliHafl

Jl~

HeCMOTpH Ha 3HaY~TenbHbI~ 06beM pa60T


no AOBOAKe ASYX HOBbiX caMonerOB

(flHm

Ma~ 1940 r. CTan MeCHl1eM THlKenoro OTpe3BJ18HIIlSL

B nepsble

HeA811Li1 KaMnaHllu1 80

MOUlHO~ 6poHe3aUl~TO~, cnoc06Horo HaHOC~Tb

wrypMoBble YAapbl no Manopa3MepHblM

152 ~ 'T~n 156.) ~ no MOAepH~3al1~~ ceP~~HblX 60M6apA~poBUI~KOB, rpynna KOHCTpyKTOpOB qmpMbI .6p~cTonb' BO rna Be C
n.>paVl30M B l-tHl-14l-tantBHOM nOps:lAKe npeA-

POBUI~KOB nlO<!>TBa<!><!>e, KOTopble, Ae~CTBYH

nBO npoTIo1BHIo1Ka. CKOpOCTb

Ha OCTplo18 raHKOBblX YAaPOB, yaCTO 3aMeHR-

neTa B HeM y:e He CTaBlo1nlo1Cb BO maBy yma, 101

MKIVIt
6POH~pOBaHHbI~ WryPMOB~K AnH HeQocpeACTBeHHOVl nOA,D,ep>KKIo1 l.Iacrev. cyxOnYTHbiX

TatOKe He lo1Mel1lo1. nOCKOl1bKY Ha AaHHOM 3Ta-

.6neHXeallM MKI ...

ne BO~HbI rocnOACTBO B He6e ~cTpe6~Tene~


nKlTBa<!><!>e 'fA'e He Bbl3b1BanO COMHeH~~,
TO KOMaHAOBaH~e KoponeBCK~X BBC CAena-

ne

nO)l(lo111a C03Jl,aTb Ha 6a38 .6neHxeMa

SOVICK.

60M60BylO HarpY3KY era npeAnonaranOCb


YABO~Tb, a B neperpy30YHOM Bap~aHTe AOBeCT~ AO 1362 Kr. ECTecTBeHHo, YTO MOUlHocm
napbl .MepKYP~eB >N. 'fA'e He XBaTano, T. K. C
HopManbHO~ B3neTHO~ Macco~ 8172 Kr nna-

>paHlV1111 COlO3H\o1Klo1 y6eAVlm1Cb, HaCKOJ1bKO

uen5lM C MaJ1b1X BbiCOT Ha none 6051 101 B 6nlo1:-

BbiCOKa 3<p<peKTVlBHOCTb coeAlo1H8HlIlVl nlo1KIo1-

HeM apMeallCKOM TblJ1Y B ycnoBIo151X Clo1nbHOall

n~ A~B~3~OHHYIO apT~Mep~lO.

UI~X

60M6apA~poBUI~KOB

110 eAIo1HCTseHHO

eepHblH

A n~K~pylO
COlO3Hble BBC

BbiBOA: OKa3b1BaTb

3<!><!>eKT~BHYIO nOAAeplKKY cyxonyrHblM BO~


CKaM B an1x YC110Blo1RX CMOryr TOl1bKO 6POHH-

101 ,nanbHOCTb no-

6b1nlo1 3aMeTHO HIo1:e, yeM YKa3aHHble B 3aAaHIo1Io1,

COCTaBneHHOM

n5lTb

neT

Ha3aA Ha

KOHCTpyKTOpbl <!>~PMbI .6p~CTonb' nocnpoeKTa B ~IOHe np~cryn~n~


K nOCTpO~Ke 06pa3l1a (cep. N2 AD657), nonYY~BWerO BHyrp~<!>~pMeHHoe 0603HayeH~e 'T~n 149CS. XOTH 3a OCHOBy WrypMOnpopa60TK~

BIo1Ka 6panaCb .YeTBepKa, HOBa51 MaWIo1Ha


Io1Mena cytL.teCTBeHHble BHewHlo1e 1o1 BHyrpeH-

60H AO 460 KM/Y, a Ha BblCOTe 1500 M AO 485

pOBaHHble WryPMOB~K~.
K nery 1940 r. OTHoweH~e K npoeKry co

KM/ll. nO:noMy B Ka'"leCTBe CIo1110BOVl yCTaHoB-

CTOpOHbI Bblcwero KOMaHAoeaHIo151 "" anna-

UJ,Io1Ka. 3Klo1na:lK caMonera CO-

K~ Bbl6pan~ 14-l1~n~HAPoBble3Be3Aoo6pa3-

paTa Mlo1Hlo1cTepcTBa aBlo1aulo1101 3a

Hlo1poeMV1 pa30rHaTb WTYpMOBIo1K Ha,D, non8M

Hble AByxpHAHble AB~raTen~ .6p~cTOnb-rep


KYnec XI. MOUlHOCTblO no 1590 n.c.
npeAnOlKeH~e <!>~PMbI, HanpaBneHHoe B
rnaBHbI~ wTa6 KoponeBcK~x BBC ~ M~H~
cTepcTBo aB~al1~~ B HHBape 1940 r., 6b1no

Tenneno. B KOHl1e",a

Hlo1e OTnIo1YIo151 OT ceplo1HHoro 60M6apAlo1pOB-

Teriepb=i.3'"TllllnoTa ~
CTpenKa, MeCTO wrypMaHa B

~~~:;a~t~

CTOHn

iii

HOCOBOH

BblA81l101 TeXHIo1Y

3aHHn~

C03AaH~e

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3-:--::~:;;;;_==~...,

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TaK

ep103eJlR)Ka

6paYHIo1Hr FN C

60e3anaCOM no 1000 naTpOHOB Ha CTBon. MOUlHaH


6POHH 3aUl~Ulana AB~ra
Ten~, 6eH30- ~ Macn06a-

BCTpel.leHO BeCbMa npOXJ1aAHO, K8K BblCWIo1Mlo1

yaCTIo1

yeTblpe 7,71-MM ny-

neMeTa

pyKOBO-

H -

KIo1, a TalOKe Ka6101HbI nlo1nora 101 crpenKa OT OrH5I C


3eMn~ ~

C B03Ayxa. Ton-

UI~Ha 6poHenn~T

naCb OT

KOne6a-

MM Ha Macno6a-

Kax AO 12 MM Ha 6poHecn~HKax. 06U1aH Macca


6POH~ Ha caMoneTe npeBblc~na 900 Kr.
Tonn~BHaH c~c-

:::?>.;;::::::~~;~~~Te~M.a BIo1Ka
WTypMOnrr-~~~~t:;
B oc1l..~j~""O;;::<"""''''

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nepBhlH onhITHhliI BapHaHT 'UJlTepKH' +THII

149CS. nOH3'1aJIy np~

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COJIH,lI,JIhlM 6bIJI H wtaHHpOB3BWHHCJI H3 HeM COcraB BOOpy>KeHHJI. H3 npHB~eHHOMCHHMKe CaMOJIeT e~e He
HMeeT BepXHeH lPI03eJIJ1>KH0ii: TYPeJIH, OTcyrCTBHe
KOTOPOH BOCnOJIHJlJIOCb 3arpyaKoH 63JIJI3cra.
HOM Konlo1pOaaJla 6neHxea::1M MKI .. , nplo1 :nOM
BaHHO-

ro WryPMOB~Ka. Pa3pa6aTblBaBW~~CH TOrAa B CCCP nOA


pyKOBOACTBOM
C.BJ"nblOw~Ha
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UJ,Io1KIo1, n03}1(e K HIo1M Ao6aBIo1m1Cb T5I}I(eJlble HCTpe6~Ten~.

06a '1eHTpanbHblX 6eH306aKa eMKOCTblO no

635,5 n

6b1n~ 6poH~poBaHbI CH~3Y ~


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cnOHM~ nop~cTO~ pe3~HbI.

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non~rOHe

06OTAenb-

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Aon '" 6eH306aKOB, 3anonHeHHblX 6eH3"'HOM) nOKa3an, YTO OH'" BblAeplK"'BalOT nonaAaH"'e 7,62-7,92-MM nynb '" MenK"'X OCKonKOB. B03pOCWa. B3neTHa. MaCCa nOTpe60-

sana

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croeK,

a KOHcrpyKlJ,VIIO

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3Ha"i!'tTenbHO L-13MeHHI.1.nCR Ii1 BHA CTBOpOI<
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3TO 3aCTaB",no n.<t>pa~3a np",cTyn"'Tb K


pa3pa60TKe '" nOCTpO~Ke BToporo Bap",aHTa
nOA 0603HaYeH",eM -T",n 149HA- (cep. N.
AD661) - TaK Ha3blBa8Moro HVl3K;OBbICOTHOro 60M6apA",pOBlU"'Ka-, cnoc06Horo Ae~
CTOBaTb B pon", n"'K"'pylOlllero. OT npeAblAYlUero OH OTn",Yanc. 60nee cna6blM 6POH"'pOBaH",eM (Macca 6POH'" 272 Kr) '" nO.BneH",eM
TOPM03HblX lU"'TKOB, pacnonolKeHHblx Ha

6J1eHXe~M MKV, HO K 3TOMy speMeHVl 60M-

6apA",pOBlU"'K 6bln YlKe W"'pOKO "'3BeCTeH KaK


6V1C11V1. n03TOMY AO KOHu,a BO~HbI n011b30Ba11VlCb 060VlMVI Ha3BaHVlRMVI.

B aBrycTe 1941 r. -Pyrc 3axnlOy",na BTOPO~


KOHTpaxr Ha nOCTpO~KY 415 -n.TepoK-, YTO AOBeno 06lUee Kon"'YeCTBO 3aKa3aHHblX AO 1195
eA101HVlll,, BKJ1lOyaR onblTHble 101 np8AcepVl~Hble
MaWVlHbl. PeanbHo VlX BbinYCTVlfl101 MeHbwe, TaK

8AVlHVlYKax 1.1 '-IeTSepKax

BepXHVlX VI HVI)I(HVIX nOBepxHocTRX KOHcon8~.

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6PlllCTOflb npOTOTVlnOB B311eTe11 C aBVla6a3b1 B

aHTe COCTaBn.na 908 Kr. 06a npoexra YAanOCb yH",<j>"'l\",pOBaTb 60nee yeM Ha 80%.
OceHblO 1940 r. BoeHHble Kpyr", Sen"'K06-

<t>",moHe 24 <j>eBpan. 1941 r. WrypMOB"'K C

TOrOHAOJ1bL

Ha

BVlK8 ee pa3peaam1 nanonaM L'1 nOASeCVlJ1Lo1


TaK"'M 06pa30M, YT06bl CTBOpK'" OTKpblBa-

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KaK KOHTpaxr Ha nocneAH",e 225 6bln aHHyn",pOBaH. nepBblM "'3 nOCTpoeHHblX <j>"'PMO~

u,e11bHOMeTaJl.m1YeCKO~ HOCOBO~ yaCTblO VI 3KVI-

nalKeM "'3 ABYK YenOBeK, HO 6e3 HOCOBO~ nyWeYHO~ 6aTapeVl.

/HiCb B CTOpOHbI. Yeem1'U1J11.1 lo1 nnow,aAb

pVlTaHVlVI OC03HaIlVl, YTO 683 npRMoro aMepVl-

CTBOpOK, 101 renepb OHlo1 3aKpblsafu1 Koneco

KaHCKoro ~aCTVlR KpynHoMacwTa6Hble Ae-

TR)I(enaR 6POHlIlpOBaHHaR MaWlIlHa OKa3a-

nOflHOCTblO, yera He 6blllO Ha 60nee paHHVlX

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naCb nerKoynpaBflReMO~, XOTR VI AOB011bHO

MOAenRX.

np.Moe CTonKHOBeH",e C rp03HblM'" 6pOHe-

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AB",raTene~ -6P"'CTOnb-repKynec XI- He


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TaHKOBblMVI VI MOTopVl30BaHHblMVI AVlBVl3V1RMVI

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nOToMy MaKC"'ManbHa. CKOpOCTb y 3eMn", COCTaB",na n"'Wb 380 KM/Y. OAHaKo "'HTepec K

caMonerOB, VI Ha anbiTHOM o6pa3u,e Io1CnOJlb30Ban", MeHee MOlUHble -MepKYP"'~ XVI-.


OH'" "'Men'" YKopOyeHHble KpblnbyaTK'" HarHeraren8V1, 06eCneYVlBaeWH8 MaKCIIlManl:i-

HylO MOlUHOCTb Ha BblCOTax AO 1500 M. K MOMeHry OKOHYaTenbHO~ C60pK'" wrypMoB"'Ka


npeAHa3HayeHHa. An. Hero rypenb -6p",CTOnb B.MKX- elUe He 6bln8 rOTOBa '" ee MeeTC 8 X80cre >103emnKa Harnyxo 38,Aenaflli1,
a ee OTCyrCTB1018 KOMneHClo1pOeam., AOnOJ1HIo1TenbHO~ 3arpY3KO~ 6annaCTa. 'ieTblpe nyne-

MeTa c 608aanaCOM aaHIIIMam1 cpaSHVlTenbHQ HeMHoro Mecra B' HOCOBOVI 4aCTVI e:p103emnKa, VI n03TOMY B OCTaBweMCR CB060AHOM

npOCTpaHCTBe npeAnonaranOCb pa3MeCT"'Tb


yeTblpe 20-MM aBTOMaT"'YeCK"'X nywK'"
-6P"'T",w-~cnaHO HS-404- C 60e3anaCOM
no 60 CHap.AOB Ha CTBon B 6apa6aHHbix
Mara3"'Hax. 3Ta -6aTape.- An. YA06cTBa
06cnylK"'BaH"'. MOHT"'pOBanaCb Ha 06lUeM
onycKaeMoM na<j>eTe. n03lKe nOA06Ha. KOHCTpyKl-l"'. 6blna pean"'30BaHa Ha COBeTCKOM
peaKT"'BHOM ",cTpe6"'Tene M",r-15.
Ho 3T"'M nn8HaM He CYlKAeHO 6blno
C6blTbC. B CYAb6y HOBoro wTypMoB"'Ka
BH83anHO

BMewanOCb

BepHyBweecR

Vl3

60J1bWO~ AaIlbHOCTblO nOJ1eTa. 1t13a,D,aHVle no-

no MHeHVlIO neTYVlKOB-LilcnbITaTe-

npLilMeH8HLilIO mnepKVllI AflR HenocpeAcTB8HHO~ nO,lJJJ,ep)f(KLiI BO~CK Ha n011e 60s:l B 3HaYVlTeJ1bHO~ CTeneHVl Y'f(e VlCye3. BTopaR onbiTHblR

MaW"'Ha 6blna c06paHa B Bap",aHTe AHeBHoro


60M6apA",poBlU"'Ka C MeCTOM An. wrypMaHa B

BaTb VI 60M60MeTaHVle C 60nbwVlx BblCOT. 3TO

HOCOBO~ 3aCTeKJ1eHHO~ yaCTVl 103ellR:+::a, Ha


caM0118Te CMOHTLifposallVi BepXHlO1O Typef1b
6pVlcTonb B.X., C AByMs:l nyneMeTaMVl 6pay-

nOTpe60Bano B03Bpaw.eHVlR B COCTaB 3KVlna-

H"'Hr FN-. B om",Y",e OT cTapblx

lKa wrypMaHa-60M6apA",pa, yCTaHoBK'" K"'CnopOAHblX C"'CTeM '" AononH"'TenbHoro paA",0060pYAOBaH"'. 3a CyeT CH.T"'. 3HaY",TenbHO~ YaCT'" 6pOHe3alU"'Tbl. nocne nepepa60TK'" npoexr nonv-",n HOCOBylO yaCTb C
pa60Y"'M MeCTOM An. wrypMaHa, yn"'paBweroc. HoraM'" B CMOHmpoBaHHylO CH"'3y yCTaHOBKy ,,<t>pa3ep-H3w FN-54N-, OCHalUeHHYIO
AByM. nyneMeTaM'" -6paYH"'Hr FN-. Typenb-

CTOs:lBWVlX Ha eAVlHVlYKax VI I..leTBepKax .. , OHa

Morna BpalllaTbC. Ha 360", a ee C"'CTeMa HaBeAeH"'. "'Mena r"'pOCKOn",YecKylO cTa6",n"'3al\"'IO.


Ha 3TOM Bap",aHTe 60M6apA",poBlU"'Ka
CMOHmpOBan", napy 3Be3Ao06pa3Hblx 9-l\~n
n"'HAPOBbIX AB",raTene~ -MepKYP"'~ XVI- MOlUHOCTblO no 920 n.C. KOHCTpyKl\"'. nnaHepa 6",-

HaR yCTaHoBKa 6blJ1a opVleHTVlpOBaHa Ha3a,D, VI

HOSHOM

VlMena neHTOYHoe nVlTaHVle. It1ccneAoBanaCb


B03MO)f(HOCTb CAeJ1aTb HOCOBylO yaCTb CbeM-

B3neTHa. Macca B03pocna AO 7718 Kr, YTO He

BTOpHO Vl3M8HVlllVi.
Tenepb MaWVlHa AOJ1:+::Ha 6blna 06ecneyVI-

HO~, HO Aanbwe 3CKVl3Horo npoeKTa Aeno He

rypene~

B.I,

na aHaf10rVlYHa I..leTBepKe VI OTnWiaIlaCb B ocT011bKO

MeCTHblMVI

YCVlneH\.1s:lMI-1.

OTpa3\.1nOCb Ha 11eTHblx xapaKTepYlCTYlKax. TaK,


S811Yll..lYlHa MaKcYlManbHoVl CKOpOCTVI H8 np8BbI-

nowno.

wana 450 KM/Y, a nOTonKa - 9400 M. ABa npeA-

M"'H"'CTepcTBo aB",al\"'OHHO~ npoMblwneHHocm npeAnonarano, YTO pa3pa60TKO~

C8PVlVlHblX 3K3eMnJ1s:lpa, Vl3rOTOBJ18HHblX Pyrc..

B KOHl\e 1941 r., 6bln", aHanor"'YHbl BblnYlUeH-

<t>paHl\"'''' KOMaHAOBaH"'e 6p"'TaHCK"'x 3KCneA"'l\"'OHHblX C",n, HaxOA"'Bweec. nOA BneYameH"'eM COKpyw"'TenbHblx YAapOB n"'K"'POBlU"'KOB nlO<j>TBa<j><j>e. OHO nOTpe60Bano

HOBoro BapVlaHHI 6neHxe~Ma" VI ero cepVl~

HOMy lIlPMOVl 6P\.1CT011b ll , 3a VlCKJ11OY8Hlo18M

HblM BblnycKoM 3a~MeTc. <j>",pMa -Pyrc-. Ho


pyKOBOAcTBO -6p",cTonb- Coyno ee KOHCTpyK-

AB",raTenbHo~ yCTaHoBK"'. Ha 3TOT pa3 Bbl6pan", ABa 950-c",nbHblX -MepKYP"'. XXX-, C KOTO-

TOpOB HeAOCTaTOYHO onblTHblMVI VI n03ToMY

HeMeJV1eHHO~

BCIO AeTanbHYIO npopa60TKy HOBoro npoexra

pblM'" -n.TepKa- '" nowna B Hayane 1942 r. B


cep"'~Hoe npo"'3BoACTBO.
CaMoneTbl BblnycKan",cb Ha 3aBOAe B 6n",c6p"'AlK, rAe HaxoA",n",cb C60pOYHbie n"'H"''''

nOCTaBKVI

caMoneTOB

nOA06Horo mna B 60eBble 3CKaAP",nb'" KoMaHAOBaH"'. B3a"'MOAe~CTB"'. C ApM",e~


B3aMeH OKa3aBW"'XC. CKaHAanbHO He3<j><j>eKTVlBHblMVI
118rKVlX
60M6apAVlpOBW.VlKOB
63TIn VI MHorOL~eneBbix JlVl3aHAepOB. 1t13

C03AaBaBW"'xc. B Ben"'K06p"'TaH"'''' onblTHblX caMoneTOB TonbKO -T",n 149CS- AonycKan B03MOlKHOCTb, npeBpalUeH"'. B n"'K"'pyIOlU"'~ 60M6apA",pOBlll"'K, Ha YTO KOHCTpyKTOpbl '" nonv-",n", 3aAaH",e.

BblnOllHVl11l1l Cnell,VlaJ1l1lCTbl r011oBHo~ cPVlPMbL

A B oxr.6pe 1940 r. -Pyrc" nonv-",na 3aKa3 Ha


ABa npeAcep"'~Hblx '" 780 cep"'~Hblx caMoneTOB. CHayana An. 60M6apA",poBlU"'Ka Bbl6panVi Ha3BaHVle 611eHxe~M MKV, HO 3aTeM
peWVlJ1l1l AaTb cepVl~HblM MaWVlHaM Hali1MeHo-

BaH"'e -6",cn", MKI- (Bisley Mkl). rOA cnycT.,


KorAa nOAH.n"'Cb B B03AYK onblTHble '" nepBble C8pVl~Hble MaWVlHbI, OT Ha3BaHVlR 6V1c11V1 onRTb OcPVlll,Vla11bHO OTKa3anViCb B nOllb3Y

Pyrc. 3HaYVlTellbHoe K011f1V1Y8CTBO HOBbiX


6f18HXeVlMoB CTPOVl110Cb B ~e6HoM BapVlaTe,

CHayana 6e3 BepxHe~, a 3aTeM '" 6e3 H"'lKHe~


rypene~, HO C ynYYWeHHblM a3poHaB",ral\"'OHHblM 060pYAOBaH",eM. S 3TO~ pon"" HaY"'Ha. c
1944 r:, MaWVlHbI B OCHOBHOM VI npHMeHs:lnVlcb.
B "'lOne 1945 r. ",x nOCTeneHHO cran", CH"'MaTb
C BoopYlKeH"'. KoponeBcK"'x SBC.

OAHH H3 nepBhIX cepHlfHhIX .BJteHXeil:MoB MxV., Bwnym;eHHblil:


3HMOil: 1941-1942 IT. Boopy;teeHHe He YCTaHOBileHO.

"x

"
1C

nEPEXOA B HACTYnAEHVlE

AHOBPeMeHHO

C COKPYWli1T811bHbIMIIl

60M6apA"pOBOYHbIM"
YAapaM"
IlIO<jlTBa<jl<jle repMaHCK"e BOOPYJKeHHble c"nbl Ben" npOT"B AHrn"" 6ecnOu\BAHYIO
nOABOAHYIO BO"HY. On"paOCb Ha 3axBayeHHbie
<ppaHLjY3CK"e " HOpBe)l(CK"e 6a3bl, HeMeLjK"e

nopTa

6epreH)

3K~na)KeM

6neHxeVlMa

<jlna"Hr-o<jl"Ljepa M"xa3no Caxn"Hra "3 COCTaBa 1-" <jloTopa3BeAbIBaTenbHo" yacm (1


PRU). B pe3ynbTBTe aHrn""CK"e Kopa6enbHble
A030Pbl 6bln" yc"neHbl" B XOAe O)l(eCTOyeHHoro yeTblpexcyrOYHOro MOpCKOro CpB)l(eH"O

nOABOAHble JlOAKli1 3Ha4V1TenbHO aKH1BIII3li1PO-

aHmlll4aHe u,eHoVi nOTeplll epnarMaHcKoro nlllH-

Bam" CBOI4 Ae~CTBli1s:J li1 norQm-uu'! 80 BTOPO~

co Cl.ieTOB V1 COBeTCKV1e nOCTaBKa.1, C JlIllXBOVI


BocnonHRBWllle He3Ha4111TenbHbte nOTepll1.

B CB03" C3T"M "HTeHC"BHOCTb YABPOB 6blno peweHO yc"n"Tb " OAHOBpeMeHHO pacnbln"Tb c"nbl HeMeLjKO" nBO. 3TY 3BABYY" B03nO)l("n" B Hayane 1941 r. Ha 3CKBAP"nb" 2-"
aB"arpynnbl, OCHaU1eHHble 60M6apA"poBU\"-

Kopa XYA') CMorm1

27 MaR nOTonlllTb 6I11cMapK' B 400 M"nox OT 6pecTa. Ho 3TOT ycnex


He MeHon 06U\e" KapT"Hbl:, Ben"K06p"TaH"0

KaM'1Il 6neHxeVlM)). nOMIIIMO 3Toro, KOMaHAO-

nonOB"He 1940 r. 60nee 900 CYAOB cYMMapHblM TOHHB)l(eM CBblwe 3 MnH per.6p.T. 3TO 3aCTaBIIIJlO 6pvlTaHCKli11ii

BaH"e rpynnbl AOn)l(HO 6blno KB)l(AYIO HOYb BblAenOTb He60nbw"e c"nbl AnO 6ecnoKooU\"X
YAapoB no HeMeW"M aB"a6a3aM B 30He npon"Ba Ila-MaHw, CeBepHo" paHLj,," " ronnaHA"". AHanOr"YHylO 3BAayy He06xoA"MO

Ka6li1H8r VI

HaxoAlllnacb B KpIIITV14eCKOM nOnO>KeHIIIIII, T.K.

rnaBHbl" wTa6 BBC oceHblO 1940 r. pa3pa60TaTb nnaH, no KOTOPOMY 60eBo" COCTaB 6eperoBOro KOMaHAoBaH"o K 1 "IOHO 1941 r. Aon)l(eH 6bln B03pacT" AO 40 3CKBAP"n,,". OAHaKo
3<p<jleKT"BHOCTb B03AywHoro naTPyn"poBa-

cyMMapHble nOTep" B TOHHB)l(e COlO3HbiX "

He6onbwoVi AaJlbHOCTIII noneTa III MaJlOVI 60M-

3K"na)l(aM 60M6apA"pOBU1"KOB 6blno CMep-

Hl-151 ocraeanaCb 4pe3Bbll.laailHO HLil3KOVI. T8K, B

60BO" HarpY3K" He B COCTOOH"" 3<jl<jleKT"BHO


np"KpblBaTb KOHBO". B 3TO" pon" 3CKBAP"nb"
cnaHllleneVl BecHoVi 1941 r. 6blnlll 3aMeHeHbl
YaCTOM", BoopYJKeHHblM" 60nee nOAXOAOU\"M" AnO peweH"o 3BAay" nIlO caMoneTaM":

rel1bHO onaCHO, TO S aTOM cnyYae OHII1 AOI1)KHbl


6bllllll TeCHO B3all1MOAeVlCTBoBaTb c aBlI1arpyn-

BOeHHblall

1940 r. "3 14 YH"YTO)l(eHHbIX HeMeLjK"X nOAnOAOK n"Wb ABe np"xoA"n"cb Ha AonlO KoponeBCK"X BBC.
III 3TOMY 6bln" onpeAeneHHble np"Y"Hbl.
KaK npaB"no, BTeYeH"e AHO cy6Map"Hbl HaxoA"n"Cb nOA BOAO" "n" Ha 3HaY"TenbHOM YAa-

HeViTpaJlbHblX CTpaH C Ha4ana BOVlHbl no IIIIOHb

1941 r. COCTaB"n" 7,6 MnH per.6p.T.

6blno pewaTb III AHeM, HO nOCKOl1bKY caMOCTO-

OnblT nOKa3aJl, 4TO 6neHxeVlMbl B clllny

XMCOH", YIIITnW), BennIllHrroH III CaHAepneHA. A KoponeBcKlllx nCOB )K)),ana APyraR

B HaABOAHOM n0J10>KeHIIILr'1 C pa3HbiX HanpaBJ1e-

pa60Ta..
OTKa3 KOMaHAoBaH"o IlIO<jlTBa<jl<jle B KOHLje 1940 r. OT npoAOn)l(eH"O KpynHoMacwTa6-

Hlt1a1l, pacnblflflR li1 683 Toro H83HaYlo1T8nbHbl8

HblX onepau,lIIV1 HaA AHmllleVl, IIIMeBw~V1 B oc-

n8HIIWI aT KOHBoeB, a C Hacrynn8Hlo18M reMHOTbl


npOVl3BOAVI.nL1

c5m.1. )f(eHIt18

VI BbIXOAli1J11A B aTaKY

CHJ1bl 3CKopra. 3Kli1na>KaM narpynVtpOBaaWIIlX

HOSHOM nonlllT~4ecKYIO nOAonneKy, 6bln pac-

caMoneTOB 06HapYJK"Tb BHOYHOM Mope cpeA"

LjeHeH 6P"TBHCK"M BoeHHblM Ka6"HeToM KaK

MHOrOYIIICn8HHbiX CYAOB KOHBOfl nOABoAHylO

HeCOMHeHHaR n06eAa.

nOAKY AB)l(e B HBABOAHOM nOnO)l(eH"" 6blno


nOl.lTl" HeB03MO>KHO. It1 XOTR nOflBHllCs:l 6oproBO" PBA"OnOKaTOp ASV MKI, pa60TaBw"" B
1,5-MeTpoBoM A"ana30He, oCHaU\eH"e "M caMoneTOB 60eBbix 3CKBAP"n"" wno MeAneHHO.
AnnapaTYpa 6blfla CnO)l(HO" " BeCbMa HeHaAe)l(Ho". K BeCHe 1941 r. PBAapbl "Men" n"Wb
15% naTpynbHblx caMoneTOB. A Me)l(AY TeM,
TonbKO B oKT06pe 1940 r. "3 COCTaBa KOHBoeB
SX-7" HX-79 HeMeLjK"e nOABOAH"K" nOTOn,,n" 40 CYAOB!
nOM"MO cy6Map"H, B CeBepHo" ATnaHT"-

B aTO BpeMR

HeMHoro-

6011ee ('KpenKII1MIII opewKaMIII AllR nlll110TOB

HeMeLjK"X "cTpe6"rene" Bfl09E, CTO)l(aBW"X


K 3TOMy BpeMeH" rp03HYlO cnaBy Kopone"
B03Ayxa". B onpeAeneHHO" CTeneH" 3T~ npo-

Plan). Ero "Aeo 6blna c<jlopMyn"poBaHa eU\e


oceHblO 1940 r.
CornacTHo eMY, npeAnonaranOCb pa3pyW"Tb C nOMOU\blO HOYHblX 60M6apA"pOBOYHblX YAapOB AeBOTb ("3 17) caMblX KpynHblx
3aBOAOB 1Il3rOTaBJlIIIBaBWIIlX CIIIHTeTIIl4eCKoe
roplO4ee. no paC4eTaM 6pIIITaHcKlllx aHanlllTIIlKOB, :310 npli1BeJlO 6bl K CHli1>KeHIllIO BblnycKa ro-

plOyero Ha 80% " YJKe B nepBo" nonOB"He


1941 r. repMaHcKylO BoeHHylO Maw"Hy Aon)f(eH 6bln nOpa311lTb 3HepreTli14eCKIIIVI Kplll3I11C.

cep AAM"pan X"nnep". OAHaKo nononH"Tb

OAHaKO pean"3aLj"0 nnaHa wna TYro: nOAroToBKa 3K"na)l(e" 60M6apA"pOBU1"KOB 6blna


OyeHb H"3KO", a 3<jl<jleKT"BHOCTb HeMeLjKO"
nBO HeO)l("AaHHO BbICOKO". III 3TO np" TOM,

HeMLjBM He YAanOCb. 21 Mao 1941 r. OH 6bln 06Hapy)l(eH BMeCTe C TO)l(enbiM Kpe"cepoM


np"HLj O"reH" B rp"MCTBA-<jl"oPAe (pa"oH

BaHHbie cnaHlIlel1w), OCHaUJ,eHHble HOBblMIIl

TYpenoM", AOn)l(Hbl 6bln" OKa3aTbCO ropa3Ao

KOMaHAoBaHIIIR 6blnlll 3aHRTbi peanlll3au,lIIeVi

WapHXOpCT,l> III (CrHeall38Hay, KapMaHHbIVi


JW1HKOp (CMM\I1pan Weep \11 Tft)KenblVi KpeVl-

KOHBoeB, HOBeVlwlIIM nlllHKopoM 6I11cMapK

naM" IIIcTpe6"TenbHoro KOMaHAOBaH"o.


CnycTo 6yKBanbHo HeAenlO nocne PO)l(AeCTBa, 6p"TaHCK"" BoeHHbl" Ka6"HeT pa3ayapOBaHHbl" pe3ynbTaTaM" 60M6e)l(eK 3aBOAOB
C"HTemYeCKoro rOplOyerO, nOCTaB"n eU\e 60nee aM6"Lj"03HylO 3BAaYy: 3aBoeBaTb rocnOACTBO B B03Ayxe He TonbKO HBA Ila-MaHweM, HO" HBA CeBepHO" paHLj"e,,!
no paCyeTaM o<jl"LjepOB wTa6a 60M6apA"pOBOYHOro KOMaHAOBaH"o MOAepH"3"pO-

Y"CneHHble coeA"HeH"O 60M6apA"pOBOYHoro


TaK Ha3blBaeMoro TonnIllBHoro nJlaHa (Oil

Ke 1l0flBVI}1L11Cb H8Meu,Kli18 JH1H8V1HbI8 KpeVlcepbl

c~nbl, AeVlcTBoBaBw~e npoT~B aTnaHTw~eCKIllX

RTenbHO COBaTbCR K HeMeLl,KII1M aapOAPOMaM

4TO HeMelJ,KlIle H04Hbie IIICTpe6li1Tenli1 eUJ,e He

"Men" 60PTOBbiX PIlC. Henb30 c6paCblBaTb

rH03b1 6bl11111 060CHOBaHHbl