TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PROCEDURE..............................................................................................................
1.1 Start-up Procedure...................................................................................................
1.2 Procedure of Tee (splitter) section...........................................................................
1.3 Procedure of Distillation Column 1 (DC1) section....................................................
1.4 Procedure for valve section....................................................................................
1.5 Procedure For Distillation Column 2 (DC2)............................................................
2.0 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)........................................................................
3.0 WORKBOOK (Peng Robinson)...............................................................................
3.1 Material Streams....................................................................................................
3.2 Compositions..........................................................................................................
3.3 Energy streams......................................................................................................
3.4 Unit operations.......................................................................................................
4.0 QUESTION AND ANSWER......................................................................................
5.0 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................
5.1 Objective.................................................................................................................
5.2 Summary of the process........................................................................................
5.3 Purpose of each equipment...................................................................................
5.4 Principle work for each equipment.........................................................................
5.5 Fact/theory based on physical properties of each components............................
Energy carrier[edit]....................................................................................................
Other[edit].................................................................................................................
5.6 Fluid package- the suitability of application...........................................................
5.7 Different result obtained by using different fluid package......................................
5.8 Recommendation/suggestion for improvement or further detailed discussion......
5.9 Attachment of result obtained from different fluid package (SRK).........................
5.9.1 Material Streams..............................................................................................
5.9.2 Compositions...................................................................................................
5.9.3 Energy streams................................................................................................
5.9.4Unit operations..................................................................................................
5.10 Summary of the result..........................................................................................

1.0 PROCEDURE
1.1 Start-up Procedure

a. Using Aspen-HYSIS, first of all click properties at the left window. Select
chemical components from the component library by double click the
component list. After that, search the component methanol then click icon
add. Just do the same for other component which is water, H 2O. Make sure
status ok and then just go for fluid packages.(Figure 1.1a)

Figure 1.1a: Methanol and water is added to the component list-1.

b. Back to the left of window, double click the fluid packages, the window will
shown as Figure 1.1b.1. Then, click the icon add. There will the list of
property packages selection, choose Peng- Robinson. (Figure 1.1b.2).
Make sure the status is ok and then proceed to the next step.

Figure 1.1b.1: The window appears after click the fluid package

Figure 1.1b.2: After add icon is click, the window will show the property package
selection in the set up menu like this

c. Then, enter simulation which is stated below the properties. Search for
pelette. Drag the blue error to represent the stream 1 (input) in the work
space. Double click stream 1 and put the information in the given question,
molar flow 2700 kmol/hr, temperature 25C and pressure 5.2 bar.

1.2 Procedure of Tee (splitter) section

a. Then, choose and drag the tee (splitter) such in Figure 1.2a.1 in the work
space. Drag one more time the two blue error to represent the two output
stream splitted (stream 2 and stream 3).
b. Double click the tee (splitter) that have been drag and then put the info
given in the question to the window. (Figure 1.2b.1). Click design then
connection. In the connection, input choose 1 as stream 1, output as stream
2 and stream 3. Next, in parameter put 0.5 flow ratios for both output stream
(stream 2 and stream 3) (Figure 1.2b.2).

Figure 1.2a.1: Tee (splitter) unit in the pelette menu.

Figure 1.2b.1: The connection of tee(splitter)

Figure 1.2b.2: The flow ratios of tee

c. After that, click worksheet. Then, click composition, put mole fraction 0.50
for methanol and 0.50 for water,H 2O (Figure 1.2c.1). If the status appear
green as ok then proceed.

Figure 1.2c.1: The molar composition for both components

1.3 Procedure of Distillation Column 1 (DC1) section

a. Choose column, pick distillation column and drag into workspace from
palete (Figure 1.3a). Then, drag blue arrow to work space.

Figure 1.3a: Distillation column unit in pelette

b. Double click the distillation column. The window of distillation will appear as
in Figure 1.3d.2 after set up. To set up the DC1, click design> connections
and put inlet stream as stream 2, overhead liquid outlet stream as stream 4
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and bottom liquid outlet stream as stream 5. Condenser and reboiler energy
stream are put as stream E1 and stream E2 respectively. Then, number of
stage (number of tray) put 16 and inlet stage put 12 (feed tray) as given in
the question of lab 2. Condenser set as total (Figure 1.3b.1). Then, click
next to proceed, choose once through for reboiler configuration and regular
HYSIS reboiler for the type selection (Figure 1.3b.2). Click next, and put 5.2
bar for condenser pressure and reboiler pressure (Figure 1.3b.3). Then,
one again click next, ignored the temperature estimate (Figure 1.3b.4).
Click next again. Put the value reflux ratio as 1.26 (Figure 1.3b.5). Then,
click done. The distillation column window will appear unconverged (Figure
1.3b.6).

Figure 1.3b.1: Distillation column input

Figure 1.3b.2: Reboiler configuration and type selection

Figure 1.3b.3: Condensor pressure and reboiler pressure

Figure 1.3b.4: Temperature estimate

Figure 1.3b.5: Reflux ratio

Figure 1.3b.6: Unconverged column window appear

c. At design, choose specs. Click add and choose column feed ratio. Feed
ratio spec window will appear as Figure 1.3c.a. In feed ratio spec window :
flow type: draw,draw : stream 4, feed stage: 12 and spec value : 0.96. Close
the window.

unconverged

Figure 1.3c.a: The feed ratio window

d. Go to monitor. Untick the data that do not have value and tick the data that
have value. The graph temperature versus tray position from top will show it
curve trend (Figure 1.3d.1) and the distillation window finally converged
(Figure 1.3d.2). For DC1 the process is done. Close the window.
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Figure 1.3d.1: Graph temperature versus tray position from top obtained.

Figure 1.3d.2: The converged distillation column window

1.4 Procedure for valve section

a. After that, choose control valve from palette and drag into workspace window.
Double click the valve unit. Click design> connection, inlet choose stream 3
and outlet write stream 6 (Figure 1.4a.1). Go to parameters and value delta P
is 419 kPa.

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Figure 1.4a.1: Connection of inlet and outlet stream into and out the valve

Figure 1.4a.2: Delta P value of valve

b. Then, click worksheet >conditions. The molar flow before entering DC2 is
stream 6 will answered QUESTION 4.1. The pressure also reduced from 520
kPa into 101.0 kPa by using control valve.(Figure 1.4b.1)

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Figure 1.4b.1: The conditions spec of control valve

1.5

Procedure For Distillation Column 2 (DC2)

a. For DC 2 repeat the procedure as DC1. Change only the given information
in the Lab 2. Choose column, pick distillation column and drag into
workspace from palette (Figure 1.5a). Then, drag blue arrow to work space.

Figure 1.5a: Distillation column unit in pelette

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b. Double click the distillation column. The window of distillation will appear as
in Figure 1.5d.2 after set up. To set up the DC1, click design> connections
and put inlet stream as stream 3, overhead liquid outlet stream as stream 7
and bottom liquid outlet stream as stream 8. Condenser and reboiler energy
stream are put as stream E3 and stream E4 respectively. Then, number of
stage (number of tray) put 13 and inlet stage put 9(feed tray) as given in the
question of lab 2. Condenser set as total (Figure 1.5b.1). Then, click next to
proceed, choose once through for reboiler configuration and regular HYSIS
reboiler for the type selection (Figure 1.5b.2). Click next, and put 1.01 bar
for condenser pressure and reboiler pressure (Figure 1.5b.3). Then, one
again click next, ignored the temperature estimate (Figure 1.5b.4). Click
next again. Put the value reflux ratio as 0.834 (Figure 1.5b.5). Then, click
done.

The distillation column window will appear unconverged (Figure

1.5b.6).

Figure 1.5b.1: Distillation column input

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Figure 1.5b.2: Reboiler configuration and type selection

Figure 1.5b.3: Condensor pressure and reboiler pressure

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Figure 1.5b.4: Temperature estimate

Figure 1.5b.5: Reflux ratio

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Figure 1.5b.6: Unconverged column window appear

c. At design, choose specs. Click add and choose column feed ratio. Feed
ratio spec window will appear as Figure 1.5c.a. In feed ratio spec window :
flow type: draw,draw : stream 7, feed stage: 9 and spec value : 0.96. Close
the window.

unconverged

Figure 1.5c.a: The feed ratio window

d. Go to monitor. Untick the data that do not have value and tick the data that
have value. The graph temperature versus tray position from top will show it
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curve trend (Figure 1.5d.1) and the distillation window finally converged
(Figure 1.5d.2). For DC2 the process is done. Close the window.

Figure 1.5d.1: Graph temperature versus tray position from top obtained.

Figure 1.5d.2: The converged distillation column window

2.0 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

Figure 2.1 below shows PFD of the process.
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Figure 2.1: PFD that have been labelled

3.0 WORKBOOK

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Using fluid package: Peng-Robinson

3.1 Material Streams

Figure 3.1: Material streams information in workbook

3.2 Compositions

Figure 3.1: Compositions of each component in all stream from workbook

3.3 Energy streams

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Figure 3.3: Data of energy streams from workbook

3.4 Unit operations

Figure 3.4: Inlet and outlet stream of the unit operations

4.0 QUESTION AND ANSWER

4.1 QUESTION 1:What is the molar flow before entering DC1 and DC2?
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ANSWER: Molar flow before enter both DC is stream 2 and stream 6.

The value of molar flow are:
Molar flowrate
(stream 2)
(stream 6)
(kg mole/hr)
1350

(kgmole/hr)
1350

4.2 QUESTION 2: How to reduce pressure in DC2?

ANSWER: Before the stream 3 entering the DC2, put the control valve.
Control valve will open wider and allow more mixture of methanol and
water in stream 6 before entering the DC2 so that it will reduce the
pressure in DC2 as well decrease the outlet temperature from DC2 too.
4.3 QUESTION 3: What is the temperature at the bottom DC1 and DC2 ?
ANSWER: Temperature at the bottom for both DC are:
Bottom temperature
DC1
DC2
(stream 5)
(stream 8 )
(C)
(C)
153.0
99.65
4.4 QUESTION 4: Did the process achieve a methanol that free from water?
What is purity of the methanol? How to increase the purity?
ANSWER: No, the methanol are not freely from water. We can see from
the workbook, For stream 5 and stream 8 (overhead product) of DC1
and DC2 the mole fraction for methanol is 0.5204. There are 0.4796
mole fraction of water in the mixture. For DC 2 mole fraction of methanol
is 0.5208 and water is 0.4792. Purity of the methanol is about 52% only.
From the bottom of the column purified water is collected. Water is partly
vaporized in the reboiler to serve as column feed. At the top of the
column, pure methanol vapors are condensed using a heat exchanger
and collected in the reflux drum. From here, part of the methanol is used
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as reflux for the column, and the other part is exported to the clean
methanol buffer tank. By varying reboiler duty and reflux rate, the
purity of the products can be adjusted. Decreasing the pressure
(stream 6 before enter DC2) at the top of the column makes the
methanol separation easy, but this increase the flooding factor.
Therefore, decreasing the pressure at the top of the column enables the
column to accommodate lower flow rates, and decrease the throughput
of the column. The only drawback of this method is the marginal
decrease in the reboiler duty required to meet the methanol
specification. Then, increasing reflux rate also make the methanol
become purer.

5.0 DISCUSSION
5.1 Objective
The aim of this lab 2 is to understand the usage of valve and
distillation spec in separation process of methanol and water mixture.
Furthermore, the purpose is to determine the molar flow of the stream
before entering the DC1 and DC2. Furthermore, to study how to reduce
the pressure in distillation column. Then, to determine the temperature of
the bottom of DC1 and DC2. Moreover, the purpose of this lab 2 is to
study the purity of methanol in distillation column.

5.2 Summary of the process

The production of methanol is carried out in a moderate-pressure
synthesis loop by direct hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, which
generates a liquid product that contains a binary mixture of methanol and
water in approximately equal proportions. To provide commercial
methanol that is nearly free of water, dehydration is achieved commonly
by distillation. The simulation considered an equimolar mixture of 2700
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kmol/hr at 25C and 5.2 bar. It is then split and fed to two distillation
columns, one at reduced pressure, with the design specification shown in
the following table:

5.3 Purpose of each equipment

Control valve is used to control the amount pressure entering the
stream by allowing amount or mixture come into the stream. To reduce
the pressure, the valve will open wider to allow more mixture enter into
stream and alternatingly as well. Then, the used of distillation column is
to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on
their differences in volatilities or boiling point.

5.4 Principle work for each equipment

For the control valve, it regulates the flow pressure of the fluid.
Control valve respond to the signal (pneumatic signal) generated by
independent devices such as flow meters or temperature gauges. It
respond to changes of pressure and then then it will open or close the
valve to increase or reduce the amount of fluid flow into the stream.

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Distillation columns are made up of several components, each of which is used

either to tranfer heat energy or enhance materail transfer. A typical distillation
contains several major components:
a vertical shell where the separation of liquid components is carried out
column internals such as trays/plates and/or packings which are used to
enhance component separations
a reboiler to provide the necessary vaporisation for the distillation process
a condenser to cool and condense the vapour leaving the top of the
column
a reflux drum to hold the condensed vapour from the top of the column so
that liquid (reflux) can be recycled back to the column
The vertical shell houses the column internals and together with the condenser and
reboiler, constitute a distillation column. A schematic of a typical distillation unit with
a single feed and two product streams is shown below:

The liquid mixture that is to be processed is known as the feed and this is
introduced usually somewhere near the middle of the column to a tray known as
the feed tray. The feed tray divides the column into a top (enriching or rectification)
section and a bottom (stripping) section. The feed flows down the column where it
is collected at the bottom in the reboiler.
Heat is supplied to the reboiler to generate vapour. The source of heat input can be
any suitable fluid, although in most chemical plants this is normally steam. In
refineries, the heating source may be the output streams of other columns. The
vapour raised in the reboiler is re-introduced into the unit at the bottom of the
column. The liquid removed from the reboiler is known as the bottoms product or
simply, bottoms.

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