PON Link Budget

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Passive Optical Network (PON)

Passive Optical Networks (PONs)

Shares fiber optic strands for a portion of the network

distribution
Uses optical splitters to separate and aggregate the
signal
Power required only at the ends
ATM PON APON
Ethernet PON EPON (Pt to M-Pt)
Gigabit PON GPON (Pt to M-Pt)

Hybrid (Active/PON)

Uses Active Node (powered) and PON to cover

larger distances
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Ethernet over Passive Optical Networks

(EPON) Pt-to-M-Pt

Ethernet in the First Mile over Passive Optical

Networks (EPON) Pt-to-M-Pt;

Two interfaces to cover a distance of minimum 10 &

20 kms over 16:1 split ratio are developed by IETF
P802.3ah

1000 BASE-PX 10: PHY for PON >= 10 km over single

SM fiber and >=16:1 split ratio

1000 BASE-PX 20: PHY for PON >= 20 km over single

SM fiber and >=16:1 split ratio
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Fiber loss in PON

Fiber loss per km is 0.25 dB for 1550 nm and 0.4 dB 1260

- 1360 nm

When the signal is split two ways, half the power goes one
way and half goes the other.

So each direction gets half the power, or the signal is

reduced by 10log(0.5)=3 dB.

//

//

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

PON link budgets

Link budget (Maximum loss allowed) is 21 dB
maximum distance without amplification is about 80
km

At 1550 nm, fiber exhibits loss of about 0.25 dB/km & at

1310 nm loss is 0.4 db/km

80km x 0.25 db/km = 20 db

Each two-way split results in a loss of nominally ~3.5

dB of level, assume 4 dB worst case.

Thus, each two-way split costs about 16 km distance for

1550 nm & 10 km for 1310 nm
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

PON Link Budget

Split

Loss dB

Loss Km

End to End
Range

1:2

16

80-16=64

1:4

32

80-32=48

1:8

12

48

80-48=32

1:16

16

64

80-64=16

1:32

20

80

80-80=0

1:64

24

96

80-96=-16

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

APON, EPON or GPON

Usually 10-20 km
OLT

//

ONU

//

//

Optical splitter
(Passive Node power is not
required)
1x16 (1x2, 1x8)

OLT : Optical Line Terminal

1x32 (1x4, 1x8)

ONU: Optical Network Unit

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Architectures PON
1550 nm broadcast
(if used)
OLT
1490* nm data
//

//

//

ONU

1310 nm data

* Data may be transmitted at 1550 nm if not used for video

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Architecture Active Node

Up to 70 km

Up to 16 km for 1:16 split

//

OLT
//
//

ONU

//
//

Active Node with processing

(powered)

//

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Architectures Active Node

OLT

//

1550 nm broadcast
(if used)
//

//

ONU

//
//

Data, 1310 & 1550 or 1490 nm

//

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Architecture Hybrid PON

Up to 70 km

Up to 10 km (Min)

//

OLT
Optical splitter

//
//

//
//

ONU

//

Active Node
(powered)

//

//

//

Optical splitter
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Architectures Hybrid PON

Single fiber, 1550 broadcast, 1310,1490 bidirectional data

//

OLT

1550 nm broadcast

//
//

//
//

ONU

//

//

Data, 1310 & 1550 or

1490 nm

//

//

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Downstream Traffic in EPON

802.3x frame
FCS

Payload

Header

//

OLT

//
ONU 1
ONU 2

//
//

//

//

//

Maximum 64 ONUs can be configured

Every ONU receives the original Frame
which was sent from OLT
ONU filters only the traffic meant for that
site with the help of an ID
Downstream traffic is normally encrypted
to avoid security breach

//

//
ONU 3
ONU 4

//
4

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

Upstream Traffic in EPON (TDMA)

802.3x frame
Header

Payload

FCS

OLT

//

//
ONU 1
ONU 2

//
//

//

//

//

ONUs share the bandwidth in

TDMA Fashion when sending the
traffic to OLT (upstream)
3
Sufficient gap ( laser off) is
maintained between frames from
ONUs to avoid overlapping
Upstream traffic from one ONU
cannot be seen by other ONUs by
the Physics of Splitter/coupler

//

//
ONU 3
ONU 4

//
4

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

 BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED