EXPERIMENT 3

MATTER: CLASSIFICATIONS, PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS

I.

ABSTRACT
The experiment is all about matter. The purpose of the experiment is to
classify matter whether it is a metal or a non-metal, knowing the different
properties that a matter can have. Different reactions, chemical or physical
have been identified in this experiment. The experiment also show if a matter
is an electrolyte or non-electrolyte.

II.

INTRODUCTION
Metals are lustrous, malleable and ductile. Metals are good conductors of heat
and electricity.
Non-metals are chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes. Nonmetals are good insulators.
Pure substances are a form of matter that has a definite composition and
distinct properties.
Mixture is a combination of 2 or more substance in which the substances
retain their distinct identities.
Electrolytes are substances that produce ions in solution.
Non-electrolyte does not dissociate at all in solution and does not produce any
ions.
Acids are chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a
sour taste and has the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form
salts
Bases are substances that are slippery to touch, bitter in taste and reacts with
acids to form salts.

III.

OBJECTIVES

IV.

Distinguish between a metal and a non-metal based on observed

properties,
Differentiate pure substances from mixtures,
Classify the properties of substances as to physical or chemical and
extrinsic or intrinsic,
Distinguish between electrolytes and non-electrolytes,
Differentiate acids from bases through their color reactions with various
indicators,
Compare and contrast physical change from chemical change,
Cite evidences from chemical change,
Predict products in chemical reactions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

List of Chemicals:

200 mL of Distilled
Water
0.25 gram Iron Fillings
10 mL of 1M Sodium
Hydroxide
0.25
gram
Carbon
Powder
0.25
gram
Sulfur
Powder
0.25 gram Mossy Zinc
2
cm
Magnesium
Ribbon
Red and Blue Litmus
Paper
2 mL Phenolphthalein
2 mL Methyl Orange
Indicator

Ice
10
mL
of
1M
Hydrochloric Acid
10 mL of 1M Acetic
Acid
10 mL of 1M Isopropyl
Alcohol
10 mL of 1M Urea
10 mL of 1M Sodium
Chloride
10 mL of 1M Sugar
Solution
10 mL of 0.5M
Potassium Chromate
10 mL of 0.5M Barium
Chloride

List of Apparatus:

Beaker
Bunsen Burner
Clay Triangle
Crucible Tongs
Evaporating Dish
Graduated Cylinder
Iron Ring
Magnet
Spatula

Stirring Rod
Test Tubes
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Rack
Weighing Scale
Watch Glass
Spot Plate
Conductivity Apparatus
Bottle Cap Crown

Procedure:

A. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Metals and Non Metals
1. In improvised paper boxes, examine the properties of the following
substances as to state, color, odor, and luster:
0.25 gram iron fillings
A piece of zinc
0.25 gram of sulfur
2 cm magnesium ribbon
0.25 gram carbon
2. Test also their magnetic property by placing and moving the magnet
underneath the paper box.
Pure Substances and Mixtures
1. Use spatula and thoroughly mix 0.25 gram iron fillings with 0.25 gram
of sulfur in a test tube and observe the properties. The magnetic
property can be observed by moving a magnet at the side of the test
tube. Record your observations.
2. In a bottle cap crown, heat the material formed in the previous
procedure for 3 minutes under the hood. Allow it to cool. After cooling
transfer the sample to a paper box and examine its properties including
its magnetic properties. Record your observations.
Electrolytes and Non Electrolytes
1. Using a conductivity apparatus , test the electrical conductance of the
following:
Distilled water
1M sodium hydroxide
1M hydrochloric acid
1M urea
1M acetic acid
1M isopropyl alcohol
1M sugar
2. To do this, dip the electrodes of the conductivity apparatus in a beaker
half-filled with the solution to be tested. Note the intensity of the light
produced by the bulb. Classify the solution as strong electrolyte, weak
electrolyte or non-electrolyte. In testing the succeeding samples, make
sure that the electrodes are clean and that no trace of the previous
sample remains in the electrodes. You can do this by immersing the
electrodes on the beaker containing distilled water
Acids and Bases
1. On a spot place 2 drops of 1M hydrochloric acid to 4 depressions.

2. Add red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, 1 drop of phenolphthalein and
1 drop of methyl orange to each of the solutions. Note the change of
color if any.
3. Repeat the procedures using 1M sodium hydroxide.
B. CHANGES IN MATTER
1. Recall the observation in heating iron and sulfur. Write down the
observation on the data sheet.
2. Place a small ice cube inside a 50-mL beaker. Observe what happens
after 2 minutes. Write down the observations on the data sheet.
3. Using crucible tongs burn a piece of magnesium ribbon. Record your
observation.
4. Using a spot plate, mix 0.5M barium chloride solution with 3 drops of
0.5M potassium chromate. Record your observations.
5. Drop a piece of zinc to 1 ml of HCL.

V.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Table 3.1 Observations on the properties of metals and non-metals.

rties

Iron
S
ulfur
State

Soli
S
d
olid

Color
Blac
Y
k
ellow

Odor

Unp
P
leasant
ungent

Luster
Met
N
allic
ot
metallic

Magne
Yes
N
tic
o

Classif
Met
N
ication
al
on-metal

Prope

Ca
rbon

Sol
id

Bla
ck

Od
ourless

Se
mimetallic

No

Zin
c

Soli
d

Silv
er

Unp
leasant

Met
allic

Mag
nesium

Solid

rless

llic

Silve

No

No

No
n-metal

al

Met

Meta

Odou
Meta

Table 3.2 Conductivity test on different solutions

SOLUTION

OBSERVATIONS

CLASSIFICATIO

Distilled water

Acid

No light

Non-electrolyte

Sodium hydroxide

Bright light

Strong electrolyte

Hydrochloric

Bright light

Strong electrolyte

Acetic Acid

Bright light

Strong electrolyte

Urea

Dim light

Weak electrolyte

Isopropyl Alcohol

No light

Non-electrolyte

Sugar solution

No light

Non-electrolyte

Table 3.3 Effect of acids and bases to indicators

SOLU
RE

BL

PHENOLPHTH
TION
D LITMUS UE
ALEIN
PAPER
LITMUS
PAPER

Hydr
Reta
Turn
No change
ochloric acid ined
its ed red
color

Sodiu
Turn
Reta
Turned pink
m Hydroxide ed blue
ined
its
color

Table 3.4 Observations in physical and chemical reactions

REACTI
ON

Heating
iron and sulfur

OBSERVA
TYPE OF
TIONS
CHANGE

It
boiled
Chemical
and the sulfur
dissolved

ME
THYL
ORANGE

Turn
ed pink

Turn
ed orange

EVIDEN
CE

No sulfur
found


ice

VI.

VII.

Melting of
Ice burned
to liquid

Physical

Liquid is
only found on the
beaker

Magnesiu
m ribbon turned to
ashes

A
yellowish
substance
is
formed

Zinc
slowly dissolved

Burning

Emitted

Chemical
magnesium
intense light
ribbon

Mixing

Formed

Chemical
barium chloride yellowish-white
with potassium solid
chromate

Dropping
Zinc

Chemical
zinc
in formed bubbles
hydrochloric acid

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Based on the gathered data and observations, properties of certain given

matter are identified. The conductivity of the given solutions are also known
through the use of conductivity apparatus. The reaction of acids and bases to the
litmus paper is also known. Different reactions are identified whether it is
physical or chemical change with the evidences.

CONCLUSION

The experiment shows us that we can identify metals from non-metals

based on observed properties like color, odor, state, luster and magnetic. It also
presents if a solution is a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte and non-electrolyte
by using conductivity test. Acids turned blue litmus papers to red and retained the
color of red litmus paper. While bases turned red litmus paper to blue and the blue
litmus paper retained its color. Physical reaction occurs when the substance
change only its state or form but not its structure. Chemical reaction happens
when that certain substance forms a new substance.