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(ii)
Morphine
Ans. (i) Equanil is a tranquilizer .It is used for removing depression and hypertension
(ii) Morphine is an analgesic . It is an addictive or narcotic analgesic .Chemically , it is an alkaloid
2.
Ans. Bithional acts as an antiseptic when added to soap . Thus , it increases the antiseptic properties of soap .
3.
Ans. Equinil or barbituric acid derivatives such as seconal , neronal , luminal etc . are used as antidepressant drugs
4.
Write the formula and IUPAC name aspirin.Why should it not be taken on an empty stomach
O.C.CH3
COOH
Ans.
2-Acetoxybenzoic acid (IUPAC name)
Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin (common name) .In the stomach, it is hydrolysed to give salicylic
acid , which on an empty stomach can damage the lining of the stomach
6.
Soap is a weak antiseptic .What may be added to soap to improve its antiseptic action
Cl
OH HO Cl
S
S
Cl
Cl
Bithional
Ans. Bithional is added to soap to improve its antiseptic properties
7.
Ans. Wide spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotics are those antibiotics which are effective against
several different types of harmful bacteria .Most common example of wide spectrum antibiotic is
chloramphenicol.
O 2N
CH CH
OH
Chloramphenicol
8.
(ii)
+
SO 3- Na
So.p-dodecybenzene sulphonate
14. Name a food preservative which is most commonly used by food producers
Ans. The most common food preservative used by food producers is sodium benzoate
COO Na
Sod.benzoate
tration inhibit the growth or destroy micro-organisms by interventing in their metabolic process .
(a) Penicillin is specific for pneumonia
(b)
22. Sulpha drugs work life antibiotics but they are not antiobiotics ?Is this a valid statement and why ?Give
one example of sulpha drug and antibiotics
Ans. Sulpha drugs work as antibiotics in the sense that both can kill or prevent the growth of micro
organisms . however Sulpha drugs are wholly man- made or synthetic .While antibiotics are
produced by microorganism .Now certain antibiotics like chlorampheniol are obtained synthetic
also . There are also some synthetic modification of natural antibiotics like ampicillin which are
commonly used
Example of Sulpha Drug :
Sulphanilamide
Example of Antibiotics
Penicillin
Bithional
(ii)
Chloramphenicol
(iii)
Streptomycin
(iv)
Paracetamol
Ans .(i) Bithional is an antiseptic added to soap to improve its antiseptic properties
(ii) Chloramphenical is an antibiotic which is used for the treatment of typhoid ,dysentry , acute
fever ,certain form of urinary infections , meningitis and pneumonia
(iii) Streptomycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis
(iv) Paracetamol is an antipyretic and analgesic .It is used to lower temperature in fever and to
relieve pain due to injury etc .
24. Describe biodegradable detergents with one example
Ans. Detegergents ontained from hydrocarbons in which there is either no branching or branching is
kept to minimum are biodegradable detergents .This is because unbranched chains can be degraded
easily by the microorganism prevent in waste water and hence pollution is prevented .Sodium pdodecylbenzene sulphonate in which dodecyl group is linear is an example of biodegrable detergent
25. Describe the following giving an example in each case :
(i) Edible colours
(ii)
Antifertility drugs
Ans. (i) Edible colours : These are synthetic or natural dyes used to impart attractive colour to food ,
drugs etc. Common example of natural edible colour is carotene obtained from carrots .One
example of synthetic edible colour is orange I obtained by coupling of diazonium salt of
sulphanilic acid with -napthol
(ii) Antifertility durgs : These drugs are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy .Norethindrone is an
example of a synthesis progeseterone derivative most widely used as antifertility drug.
26. Define the following and give one example of each :
(i) Antihistamines
(ii)
Antacids
Ans. Antihistamines : These are synthetic drugs which interfere with the natural action of histamine
by competing which histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine for binding sites of
receptor where histamine exerts its effect . Some common example of antihistamines are
brompheniramine and terfessadine
(ii)Antacids .Over production of acid in the smotach causes irritation and pain . In severe cases ,
ulcers and developed .Antacids are drugs which either neutralise the excess acid or prevent the
over production of acid .Drugs like sodium hydrogen carbonate , hydroxide of magnesium and
aluminium neutralise the excess acid while certain antihistamines like cimetidine ( tegamet) prevent
the release of excess acid in the stomach
(ii)
Paracetamol
(iii)
Tincture of iodine