PATIS CHEMISTRY

Plot No-266/6427,Milan Paradise ,Chandrasekharpur,Bhubaneswar,Ph:9437205377

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
1.

Give one important use of the each of the following in pharmacy ?

(i) Equanil

(ii)

Morphine

Ans. (i) Equanil is a tranquilizer .It is used for removing depression and hypertension
(ii) Morphine is an analgesic . It is an addictive or narcotic analgesic .Chemically , it is an alkaloid
2.

What is the role of Bithional in toilet scope ?

Ans. Bithional acts as an antiseptic when added to soap . Thus , it increases the antiseptic properties of soap .
3.

Name a drug used in case of mental depression

Ans. Equinil or barbituric acid derivatives such as seconal , neronal , luminal etc . are used as antidepressant drugs
4.

What type of drug is chloramphenicol ?

Ans. It is an antibiotic . It is a chemical substance produced by certain micro-organisms which in low

concentration either kill or inhibit the growth of other micro-organism
5.

Write the formula and IUPAC name aspirin.Why should it not be taken on an empty stomach
O.C.CH3
COOH

Ans.
2-Acetoxybenzoic acid (IUPAC name)

Acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin (common name) .In the stomach, it is hydrolysed to give salicylic
acid , which on an empty stomach can damage the lining of the stomach
6.

Soap is a weak antiseptic .What may be added to soap to improve its antiseptic action
Cl
OH HO Cl
S

S
Cl

Cl

Bithional
Ans. Bithional is added to soap to improve its antiseptic properties

7.

State an example and function of wide spectrum antibiotics

Ans. Wide spectrum or broad spectrum antibiotics are those antibiotics which are effective against
several different types of harmful bacteria .Most common example of wide spectrum antibiotic is
chloramphenicol.

O 2N

CH CH
OH
Chloramphenicol

8.

Name one medicinal compound each that is used to treat

(i) hypertension

(ii)

general body plain

Ans. (i) Equanail is used to control depression and hypertension

(ii) Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is used to relieve general body pain
9. Give an examole of narcotic which is used as an analgesis
Ans. Morphine (an alkaloid) is a narcotic which is used as an analgesic i.e, to reduce pain
10. Describe antiseptics giving suitable examples
Ans. Antispectics are chemical substances which prevent the growth of micro-organism and may even
kill them . Iodoform , boric acid , hydrogen peroxide , bithional are common examples of antiseptics
1

11. Describe antioxidants giving suitable examples ?

Ans. Antioxidants are chemical substances which prevent the oxidation of food during storage .Vitamin
C and E are two common natural antioxidants . Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated
hydroxy anisole(BHA) are synthetic antioxidants used in food stuffs
12. Define tranquillizers and give one example
Ans . Drugs which act on central nervous system (CNS) and thus help in reducing anxiety are called
tranquilizers
Equanil,Seconal,Luminal are common examples of tranquilizers
13. Describe and illustrate with an example - a detergent
Ans. Chemicsl substances which help in removing dirt by emulsifying oil or grease are called detergents .
Detergents help in lowering the surface tension of water .Generally soapless detergents .Sodium salt
of P-dodecylbenzene sulphonate is the most common example of synthetic detergent .
It is an anionic detergents with the following formula
CH3 (CH2)11

+
SO 3- Na

So.p-dodecybenzene sulphonate

14. Name a food preservative which is most commonly used by food producers
Ans. The most common food preservative used by food producers is sodium benzoate
COO Na

Sod.benzoate

It is widely used in soft drinks and acidic foods .

15. What is understood by chemotherapy ?
Ans. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy .
16. Name a substance that can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant .
Ans. Refer NCERT
17. Write the name of the anticid which is often used as a medicine
Ans. Cimetidine/Ranitidine/Mg(OH)2 etc .
17. Difference between disinfectants and antiseptics .
Ans. Refer NCERT
18. Explain the clearing action of soap. Why do soaps not work in hard water ?
Ans. Refer NECRT
19. What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings ? Name a drug which can be useful
in treating this depression
Ans. Noradrenaline is one of the neurotransmitters that plays a role in mood change .If the level of
noradrenaline is low for some reason, then signals sending activity becomes low , and the person
suffers from depression . In such situations , antidepressant drugs are required .These drugs inhibit
the enzyme which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline . If the enzyme is inhibited , this
neurotransmitter is slowly metabolized and can activate its receptor for longer period of time .Thus
counteracting the effect of depression .Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such antidepresent drugs.
20. What is meant by narrow spectrum antibiotics ?
Ans. Antibiotics which are mainly effective against Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria are
called narrow spectrum antibiotics .Penicillin G is a narrow spectrum antibiotics.
21. What are antibiotics ? Name two antibiotics which are specific for certain diseases
Ans. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced wholly or partly by synthesis , which is low concen2

tration inhibit the growth or destroy micro-organisms by interventing in their metabolic process .
(a) Penicillin is specific for pneumonia

(b)

Streptomycin is spefic for tuberculosis

22. Sulpha drugs work life antibiotics but they are not antiobiotics ?Is this a valid statement and why ?Give
one example of sulpha drug and antibiotics
Ans. Sulpha drugs work as antibiotics in the sense that both can kill or prevent the growth of micro
organisms . however Sulpha drugs are wholly man- made or synthetic .While antibiotics are
produced by microorganism .Now certain antibiotics like chlorampheniol are obtained synthetic
also . There are also some synthetic modification of natural antibiotics like ampicillin which are
commonly used
Example of Sulpha Drug :

Sulphanilamide

Example of Antibiotics

Penicillin

23. Give one important use of each of the following :

(i)

Bithional

(ii)

Chloramphenicol

(iii)

Streptomycin

(iv)

Paracetamol

Ans .(i) Bithional is an antiseptic added to soap to improve its antiseptic properties
(ii) Chloramphenical is an antibiotic which is used for the treatment of typhoid ,dysentry , acute
fever ,certain form of urinary infections , meningitis and pneumonia
(iii) Streptomycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis
(iv) Paracetamol is an antipyretic and analgesic .It is used to lower temperature in fever and to
relieve pain due to injury etc .
24. Describe biodegradable detergents with one example
Ans. Detegergents ontained from hydrocarbons in which there is either no branching or branching is
kept to minimum are biodegradable detergents .This is because unbranched chains can be degraded
easily by the microorganism prevent in waste water and hence pollution is prevented .Sodium pdodecylbenzene sulphonate in which dodecyl group is linear is an example of biodegrable detergent
25. Describe the following giving an example in each case :
(i) Edible colours

(ii)

Antifertility drugs

Ans. (i) Edible colours : These are synthetic or natural dyes used to impart attractive colour to food ,
drugs etc. Common example of natural edible colour is carotene obtained from carrots .One
example of synthetic edible colour is orange I obtained by coupling of diazonium salt of
sulphanilic acid with -napthol
(ii) Antifertility durgs : These drugs are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy .Norethindrone is an
example of a synthesis progeseterone derivative most widely used as antifertility drug.
26. Define the following and give one example of each :
(i) Antihistamines

(ii)

Antacids

Ans. Antihistamines : These are synthetic drugs which interfere with the natural action of histamine
by competing which histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine for binding sites of
receptor where histamine exerts its effect . Some common example of antihistamines are
brompheniramine and terfessadine
(ii)Antacids .Over production of acid in the smotach causes irritation and pain . In severe cases ,
ulcers and developed .Antacids are drugs which either neutralise the excess acid or prevent the
over production of acid .Drugs like sodium hydrogen carbonate , hydroxide of magnesium and
aluminium neutralise the excess acid while certain antihistamines like cimetidine ( tegamet) prevent
the release of excess acid in the stomach

27. What are artificial sweetening agents ? Give two examples .

Ans. Refer NCERT
28. Mention one use of the following drugs :
(i) Ranitidine

(ii)

Paracetamol

(iii)

Tincture of iodine

Ans. (i) Ranitide : Antacid

(ii) Paracetamol : Analgesic and antipyretic
(iii) Tincture of iodine : Antiseptic
29. What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents ? Give one example of each class
Ans . Refer NCERT
30. Explain the following types of substances with one suitable example for each case :
(i) Cationic detergent
(ii)
Food preservatives
(iii)
Analgesics
Ans. Refer NCERT
31. Describe the following types of substances giving one example of each
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii)
Food preservatives
Ans. Refer NCERT
32. Describe the following substances with one suitable example of each type
(i) Non-ionic detergent
(ii)
Food preservatives
(iii) Disinfectants
Ans. Disinfectants : They kill micro organisms but are not safe to apply on living tissues .These are
generally applied to floor ,instruments , walls etc .2% solution of phenol, 0.2 and 0.4 parts per millio
of chlorine is used for disinfecting drinking water etc .
33. Answer the following questions
(i) What are the main constituents of Dettol ?
Ans. Refer NECRT
34. State the reason in each of the following cases :
(i) Synthetic detergents are better than soaps .
Ans. Refer NECRT
35. (i) What class of drug is Ranitidine ?
(ii) If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions , out of soaps and synthetic detergents , which will
you use for cleaning clothes ?
(iii) Which of the following is an antiseptic ?0.2% phenol,1% phenol
Ans.(i) Ranitidine is an antacid
(ii) Synthetic detergents works better than soaps when water contains Ca2+ ions . This is because
synthetic detergents do not form insoluble scum with Ca2+ ions
(iii) A 0.2% aqueous solution of phenol is an antiseptic
36. (a) Which one of the following is a food preservative ?
Equinil,Morphine ,Sodium benzoate
(b) Why is bithional added to soap ?
(c) Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills ?
Ans. (a) Sodium benzoate is a food preservatives
(b) Bithional is an antiseptic
(c) Sleeping pills are tranquilizers