Thesis W Template

P O LY T E C H N I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The choice of the proper course starting a career is a major problem for
secondary school students throughout the world, especially here in the Philippines.
Education is one of the necessities or the strongly-recommended attainment that
everyone should possess. It is universally recognized as the answer to socioeconomic problems of the world. Illiteracy is one of the major problems of the world
and only Education is the key to lessen it and hopefully, remove it from the line.
Individuals, Community, Society and the Nation hopes for Education to grant a
cure for poverty, ignorance, drought, mental deficiency, joblessness, unjustified
government systems, bad communication strategies, inadequate problems in basic
needs and especially illiteracy. Everyone would want to obtain a good quality of
education for an addition of ease in coping in the society, applying for job, making
some moves for the corporate world and life class or status.
Considering that Philippines is considered as a Third-world country, our
college institutions are still capable of producing graduates that are highly
competitive in global competitions, some are lucky to be an executive or got a
higher position in their own company. This implies that Philippines can be a
competitive country even poverty is always on the side of every Filipinos. In line of
this, Job Vacancy and employment is still the worst fear of the graduates that are
waiting to be employed.
Job employment is a big part of our industry, specifically in the corporate
world, where Company managers dominates the market in their own ways. Large
markets like SM group of companies give benefits to some less fortunate people
who do not have a complete educational attainment which results to
unemployment. Some people spend their entire life just finding the right career to
pursue. Many dont know where to even start looking. In the Philippines alone,
there are thousands of people looking for numerous kinds of jobs, from
accountants to athletes, from dancers to dentists, from teachers to top executives.
Therefore, People tend to accept the fact that some of their dream job will be only
just a dream for them.
On the other side in the year 2015, The Philippine economy is gradually on
the rise, largely driven by its business process outsourcing, industry and
construction sectors. The average pace of growth on the Philippines in the first half
of the decade was 6.3% compared to 6% in Indonesia, 5.8% in Malaysia and
Vietnam and 3.6% in Thailand. These numbers were just evidence of how
Philippine Industry increase its growth through the years compared to other
neighboring countries especially in the South East Asia Region.
Different schools and universities serve as a major role in providing
knowledge and experience to students which will eventually serve as their guide in
their future work/job. University from which the students graduated is a big factor
when applying for a job. One may also depend or base their decisions on the
Opportunity, Environment, Personality, Future Work Condition and Practice
Location. These are the reasons why the researchers conducted the study on
Career Preferences of Marketing Management Students of Polytechnic University
of the Philippines.
Background of the Study

Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) is a public, non-sectarian,
non-profit institution and one of the State University and Colleges all around the
country. PUP system as a whole has 20 satellite campuses around the country and
considered as one of the largest Universities in Asia in terms of Population of
students that is almost 70,000, approximately 50,000 of them is on PUP Main
Campus alone. It was established in the year 1904 as the Manila Business School
then later on replaced as the Polytechnic University of the Philippines by virtue of
Presidential Decree Number 1341 issued by the President of the Philippines on
April 1, 1978, being the 1st Polytechnic U in the country. PUP Main Campus, the A.
Mabini campus, named from the late hero Apolinario Mabini is located at Sta. Mesa
Manila and the largest of all campuses of PUP at almost 10 hectares.
An article from the summitexpress.com expressed that the Polytechnic
University of the Philippines (PUP) is considered as a big game-changer in the
list of top universities in terms of 'hireability' next to considered and premiered
university in the Philippines or called by some as the big four namely University of
the Philippines, University of Sto. Thomas, De La Salle University and Ateneo De
Manila University. This means that PUP Graduates are one of the Companies
Choice and still has a big edge to some Universities that are not well-known or has
a less ability in producing quality students. But still, Companies say they will still
hire applicants even if they did not come from those choice universities as long as
the applicants are trainable/willing to be trained and can fulfill the requirements
needed for the job.
The College of Business Administration is one of the largest and oldest
college of Polytechnic University of the Philippines as it was named as Manila
Business School. To be more competitive and productive individuals is the main
objective of the College.
The researchers conducted the research in PUP-CBA Department of
Marketing Management because it is easier for them to find respondents. It is
more accessible to communicate to the respondents because they belong in the
same college and department.
Theoretical Framework
John Henry Holland (1985) an American Psychologist, postulated the
Hexagon Career theory Vocational interest is an expression of ones
personality, and that vocational interests could be conceptualized into six
typologies, which are Realistic (R), Investigative (I), Artistic (A), Social (S),
Enterprising (E), and Conventional (C). If a persons degree of resemblance to
the six vocational personality and interest types could be assessed, then it is
possible to generate a three-letter code (e.g., SIA, RIA) to denote and summarize
ones career interest. The first letter of the code is a persons primary interest
type, which would likely play a major role in career choice and satisfaction. The
second and third letters are secondary interest themes, and they would likely
play a lesser but still significant role in the career choice process. Parallel to the
classification of vocational interest types, He postulated that vocational
environments could be arranged into similar typologies. In the career choice and
development process, people search for environments that would allow them to
exercise their skills and abilities, and to express their attitudes and values. In any
given vocational environment, there is a tendency to shape its composition so
that its characteristics are like the dominant persons in there, and those who are
dissimilar to the dominant types are likely to feel unfulfilled and dissatisfied. The
concept of congruence is used by Holland to denote the status of personenvironment interaction. A high degree of match between a persons personality
and interest types and the dominant work environmental types (that is, high
degree of congruence) is likely to result in vocational satisfaction and stability,
and a low degree of match (that is, low congruence) is likely to result in
vocational dissatisfaction and instability.
Figure 1.1
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting career
preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Marketing
Management Students.
Specifically, it sought the answers to the following questions:
1.)
What are the levels of agreement in terms of the following factors on

the respondents career preferences:
a.)
Opportunity
b.)
Personality
c.)
Environment
d.)
Future work Condition
e.)
Practice location
Assumption
Opportunity has the highest level on Career preferences of PUP
freshmen marketing management Students.
Significance of the Study

The result of this study would benefit the following group of individuals:
PUP Administration. The result and outcome of this study would enable
the school administration to put some new effective ways in enhancing and
helping the students in making the right career choice. They may come up now
for more exciting programs and orientations that can help the students to excel
and finished up in the best career decision.
PUP Faculty Members. The result of this study will make them realize the
importance of their encouragement and support on the career preferred by their
sons/daughters. And they will also know the real meaning of quality education
that will assure their bright future.
PUP Marketing Management students. This study will help the students
to prepare their selves in choosing the right career that will fit to their skills,
abilities and passion. This will also guide and develop the awareness in decision
making of their career choice.
Future Researchers. The result of this study might serve as their guide in
making researches or studies related to the topic. This could help them to have a
background regarding this research topic, and give them self-actualization in the
importance of knowing the factors affecting students career preferences.
The Parents. In this study, teachers will gain more information about
students preferences in their career. It will also help them to enhance and pursue
the students passion.
Scope and Limitations

This study focused on determining the factors affecting career preference
of marketing management students of Polytechnic University of The Philippines.
Respondents were the five block sections of 176 freshmen year, namely 1-1D
with a total of 36 students, 1-2D, 35 students, 1-3D, 33 students, 1-4D, 36
students and 1-5D, 36 students.
This study did not include the other colleges of PUP, the freshmen night
shift marketing management students, the second year, third year, Fourth year
and Shiftee of Marketing Management Department.
Definition of Terms
The researchers defined the following words and described them according
to how are they used in the study.
Career. It is a pursuit of progressive achievement and a life work of an
individual. In this study, a summation of an individuals learning and totality of
acquired knowledge.
Preference. It is synonymous to like, favor and recommend. A term which
shows the power of deciding and choosing.
Career Preference. Its what affects an individual's way of thinking in
choosing his/her present course and ambition, and can be used interchangeably
with one's career choice. Specified in this study is the basis of a student or are the
reasons why a student prefers to pursue his/her present course.
Opportunity. It is a factor in which influences a person's insight on how
they see the world as an open book in which they are able to think and do work
with the chances they have.
Personality. The person's way of thinking or making a decision. It may
embrace attitudes and opinions that affect the way people deal with interaction of
people, a particular to this study, the situations of choosing a career.
Future work condition. It refers to the availability or immediate
employment of a student after finishing college.
Practice location. It is the place where people decide to practice in the
future or the place where you want to work.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter deals with a review of related literature and studies, which
were of great help to the researchers in carrying out this study entitled,
Factors affecting career preferences of the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines, Marketing Management Students.
Foreign Literature
Georgia Career Info. Center (2013) postulated specified that career decisions
is a lifelong process. It is all about exploring and experiencing the world of
work. It is also about understanding abilities, interests, skills and values and
combining these to create a meaningful framework for life. Your student will
have many opportunities to discover and rediscover career than match a
changing lifestyle. It is important that you are an active participant in this
decision-making process. Career decision making process begins with an
awareness of the world around you and the ability to understand what is really
important. Here are some points to help you begin: (a.) Learn about your
interests, abilities, skills and values (b.) Observe individual workplace (c.) Talk
with family and friends about their work experiences (d.) Collect information
about specific careers and companies (e.) Consider your personal short-term
and long-term goals
Career New Zealand group (2014) stated that making decisions about
your career doesn't always have to be complicated. If you have spent time
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getting to know yourself and researching different opportunities, you should
be able to make sound decisions. Your individual situation has a bog impact
on the opportunities that you can take up. So start by taking stock all the
aspects in your life that affect your decisions. Compare your options. How
well does this options fit with my skills? Will this option help develop my
skills? You must also ask for help and advices from other people. People you
can talk to is your family, friends, a school career adviser or a career
consultant and a course adviser on University and College.
Janis (2010) quantified that choosing a career path, making a career
decision or deciding on a college major is all critical decisions. They demand
a high-quality decision making. A scientific study shows that there are four
essential tips you will want to follow. First, A, stands for Alternatives. When
making an important decision, look for all your choices. Ask yourself if there
are more alternatives given. Second, C, stands for Consequences. Once you
have narrowed down your choices, to those that look best, weigh the pros
and cons of it. Third, I, stands for Information. Search for new information
about each option you are considering. Lastly, P, stands for Plans. Make
detailed plan for (a) how will you carry out your decisions, and (b) what will
you do if one of the negative consequences that you thought of under "C"
occurs.
Mindtools Editorial team (2014) stated that to make the right choice,
you have to decide what factors are the most important to you in a new job,
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and then you have to choose the option that best addresses these factors.
However, this operates in two levels, on a rational level and on an emotional
level. You'll only truly be happy with your decision if you are aligned. First, we
look at the things rationally, looking at the job offer and also at the things that
matter to you. Then, once you have understand your options on a rational
level, we look at the things on an emotional level and think about what your
emotions are telling you.
According to Beggs et.al (2008) Many students choose their major
based on their academic ability. However, some students do not have ability
or the work habit to succeed in some majors that may require more study
than the other fields of studies. These students may find a better fit in a less
work intensive major than requires fewer difficulty classes. This affects the
career path of these students. Other students have the ability to handle
majors with greater workloads and choose career path that will lead a job
requiring more education. Examples in this category include veterinarians,
doctors or lawyers. For job such as these, students needs more than one
degree. On the other hand, some students have the drive to put in the work in
very labor intensive fields but do not have the intelligence to perform tasks
that are needed for their chosen fields.
According to Taylor (2016) some students grow up knowing what they
want to do in life. These are the students who will go extra mile to reach their
dream job. However, students often settle on a different path due to many
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factors they can't control. Students will research their chosen career path and
explore everything about it. The salary and benefits of that job do not play a
role in this decision. In a research study the factor "match with interest" rated
over job characteristics, major attributes and physiological and social benefits
in importance when students choose a major.
Zody (2006) indicated that students whose parents own and operates
a small business may want or feel obligated to follow their parents' footstep.
Students may consider the ease of life that is available to them because a job
would be able to them right out of school, they could hold a high position
within the business and there is a possibility that they may own and operate
the business one day. However, children of the family business owners often
have more experience with how the business would operate. These students
have worked in the family business their whole life, experiencing all of what
their parents went through in the day of the operation of the students. This
can have a positive or negative effect on the student.
According to Wildman (2002) Family and friends are considered to be
an influential part of the student's part of major. Parents with an agriculture
background most often have an impact where students go to college. Family
role models have more of an influence of the students major in. There are
also many people who can influence their career decisions. Most time,
parents and friends play a large role, but coaches and teachers can also have
a huge impact on student's life. Teachers and coaches can help students do
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better in school, to get into college or to get on a better path. The impact that
these adults have on young students can have a major influence on their
career path.
Mihyeon (2009) suggested that personality is another important factor
in career choice. Studies have shown that students will choose a major that
they think will fit their personality type. The confidence that a student has can
determine how far a student will go in their education. Students who believe in
themselves have more confidence, and are more likely to go to for what they
want instead of setting for something that is comfortable. Students who have
more investigated personality are more likely to go for scientific field. Students
with an artistic personality are more likely to major in arts.
HACCC Group (2013) added that recruiting is another factor that plays
role in a student's decision making process. Students can be recruited by
different schools because of their academic performance. Schools and
corporations both use recruiting as a way to draw in more students or
potential employees. Students are recruited by companies to bring in new
ideas and more talent to help companies grow. Recruits from companies will
show the benefits of working in the corporation to try and sway the student's
decision. Recruiters use video, brochures, coffee mugs and many other
things to promote their company.
Career fairs are face-to-face meeting
between job seekers and employees and a great way for students to see
what companies have offer.
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Local Literature
According to De Vera (2015) the recent shifts in the educational
system and in the academic calendar, Filipino graduates are forced more
tough choices now more than ever. One of them is what career option to
pursue right after finishing school. As ASEAN Integration puts pressure on
Philippine higher educational institutions to internalize their campuses the
new k-12 programs has its own share reforms in the Philippine basic
education system. Thus, to be part with ASEAN neighbors, each Filipino
college graduate will have to face the following career options after leaving
school;
continue
further
education,
seek
employment,
or
pursue
entrepreneurship.
K12 Philippines (2015) stated that apart from the core curriculum,
which has 8 learning areas, the new senior high school system comes with
specific career tracks that seem like college course. They include (a)
Academic (b) Arts and design (c) Sports (d) Technical-vocational-livelihood.
Each senior high school student must choose one track to master and base
his/her choice on how he/she wants to advance after completing high school
or Grade 12. Career advocacy programs will also help and guide them in
choosing the right track for their selves. The tracks aim to advance the
students specialization and help them shine in areas where they excel.
Foreign Studies
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Ghuangpeng (2011) identified several factors that were perceiver to

influence the career decision-making process of Thai and Australian students;
of particular importance were gender, the feedback students received during
work-placement; family obligations and career opportunities in the industries.
These factors appeared to be interrelated and could have a positive or
negative import on students decision to seek a career in the industry. The
study also highlighted the important implications of culture for career-decision
making and suggested that although Thai and Australian students identified
similar factors as influencing their career decision-making, they perceived the
importance or these factors differently. The study concluded that careerdecision making is a complicated process. Although this study provided as a
structured model to demonstrate how students make their decision, it is
essential to recognize the complex range of factors associated with students
decisions.
Fizer (2013), the objectives of this research study were to determine
what factors affect agriculture students choice of career path. A questionnaire
was developed and completed by 128 students in the freshman classes of the
University of Tennessee at Martin. According to survey, students are most
influenced by family when choosing as major; 22% chose family as the most
important factor influencing their choice of Major. However, 21% of the
students chose a career that is personally rewarding and 20% chose FFA
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14-N experience as the most important affecting factor in their choice. The
students who completed the questionnaire had a positive impact in the world.
Olamide (2013) they used 100 students that were randomly selected
from five secondary schools in Ogun State. The sample consists of 37 males
and 63 females. A questionnaire designed on the basis of likert-type scale on
the factors determining the choice of career based on environment. influence
and opportunity of the students was administered. Significant difference was
also found on the personality (tcal at p. 05= 673.48; tcrit 1.960) and the
significant difference of the opportunity of the students see (tcal at p. 05=
148.69; tcrit 1.960). the percentage on male and female was also carried out.
52% of male and 46% of female agreed that opportunity do affect career
while 42% disagreed for both male and female. 51% of male and 51% of
female agreed that personality do affect career choice while 42% and 45% of
both and male and female disagreed 50% of male and 54% of female agreed
that environment do affect career choice but 41% and 49% of male and
female does not agree. Conclusively, all the factors affect students in
determining the career.
Obiunu (2011) in his study, he concluded that some of the factors
influencing career development of senior secondary school students in
Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta States. The study used senior
secondary school students because they are at the critical age of career
decision making process. The findings from the study indicated that career
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counseling is required for appropriate career development. Some of the
factors
that
were
observed
to
affect
career
development
include
Psychological, Sociological, Educational, Hereditary, and economic factors.

These play significant role in the career-decision making process of
secondary school students.
Mugonzibwa et.al (2001), the objectives of their study was identifying
factors that influenced career choice among high school in Tanzania. The
information obtained would be used to formulate effective recruitment
strategies and counseling students on their career expectation. All 352 high
school students who were studying in five randomly high schools completed a
pre-tested questionnaire containing 24 items addressing 5 factors. Images of
a profession (good experiences from the work of professionals from the
professionals who are attractive to respondents, and professionals who
command high respect in the community) was perceived as an important
factor in career choice by the majority of respondents (over 28 percent).
Work/ profession characteristics (knowledgeable about work to be done
treating patients, giving medicines to patients, helping relatives, etc.) was
ranked as the 2nd most important factor and course characteristics (availability
of post graduate studies, size of annual intake, pass rate, geographic
location, etc.) was ranked third. Direct gains and advices from important
persons were perceived as least important in career choice.
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Albugamy (2014), his findings showed that wansta (networks) parental
obedience (family), religion, and extrinsic factors were significant predictors of
the career choices at Saudi MBA students, with a preference towards work in
the public sector. Saudification/Saudization (replacing foreign workers with
Saudis) factors did nnot significantly predict the career choices. Cultural
Cognitive factors were found to be one of the strongest predictors within the
institutional dimension compared t the normative factors and regulative
factors. Female participants considered Wansta, parental obedience, intrinsic
motivations more important in their career choices compared to male
counterpart.
Zaidi et.al (2012), their research was conducted to know the impact of
career selection on job satisfaction in the industry of Pakistan. The findings of
the study show that the significant relationship exists between career
selection and job satisfaction. The research also identifies that the career
selection based on the consideration of personality traits and values can
provide maximum satisfaction. Personality traits have a high impact on job
satisfaction. It was also concluded that work content values and career
contentment contribute highly in overall job satisfaction.
Mau (2016), their study examined the cultural relevance of two
important career constructs career decision-making style and career decision
making self-efficacy. Two distinct cultural group of college students,
Americans (N-S40) and Taiwanese (IV-1026), participated in this cross
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cultural study. Results suggest that career decision making styles have
differential impacts on career decision making self-efficacy, depending on the
cultural background of the individuals. Results also showed significant
differences in career-decision making style and career decision making selfefficacy as a function of nationality and gender. Counseling implications and
suggestions for future studies discussed.
Ferry (2006) conducted a qualitative study reported the explored
factors that plays key roles in rural high school seniors and young adults
career choice process. The cultural and social context of family and
community were found to be instrumental in how youth learn about careers
and influential in choices process. Extension strategies that target parents
and community to increase their involvement in youth career selection can
promote sound career decisions.
Baines (2009) conducted a study that examines the effects of culture
on career decision making for students at the London School of Economics
(LSE). There is an existing body of research which highlights the differences
between individualist and collectivist cultures. However, it has been limited for
international students based in UK. The results reveal that there are many
commonalities between students from different continents such as the
importance of personal interest and parents. Whilst there are also differences
it would not be appropriate. As the study is based at a single institution that
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research strategy does not allow for wider generalization, but provides an
important insight into the career decision making of international students.
Local Studies
In the study of Alba et.al (1010), they aimed to evaluate the factors that
affect the students decision in choosing their college courses of the Fourth
Year High School Students of Our Lady of Peace Antipolo City. Particularly, it
sought answers to describe the profile of the participants in terms of their sex,
academic performance, family monthly income, parents highest educational
attainment and the number of family members studying. It determined the
factors that affect the participants decision making process with respect to
their personal attainment and family background. It verified the participants
decision across factors which affect them.
Espero (2010) states that majority of the children of OFWs who
participated in this study exhibited Independence wherein it comes making
post-secondary career decisions. They chose a career path that leads to
white collar rather than blue collar jobs. Many preferred college for those who
decided to pursue technical-vocational program, they preferred postsecondary occupations which are service-oriented and do not require special
skills. Furthermore, the career decisions of the children of the OFWs are
neither dependent on selected internal factors such as birth order, expressed
interest, expressed motivation and gender; nor on external factors such as
21
the like parents educational attainment, parents occupational status, family,
relatives, friends and media. Factor other than academic achievement like
migration plans, socio-economic status, parental attachment, and parental
expectations might have accounted for the influence on their career path.
Ignacio (2011), their study aimed at determining the occupational
interest if 75 Fourth year students (53.33 5 females and 46.67 % males)
students of Juan Sumulong Campus as well as the very influence of their
parents on their career decisions. Using both quantitative and qualitative
method, major findings were brought to light and these were the ff: 97.33 %
(n=73) of the students had a clear decision of pursuing college education and
1.33 % (n=1) was clear about taking up 2-year vocational course and likewise
the same percentage was apparent with another student who opted to work
immediately after graduating high school. For those interested taking-up
college education, top degree courses were Engineering and Accountancy
Courses as evidenced by a 1.33 % and 20% respectively highly influenced by
their parents and relatives as represented by 264wm, the respondents were
able to arrive at their chosen career making use of their cognitive over and
above as revealed 82.67 % to completely reach at a certain decision.
Cruz-Espaol (2014) conducted a study that utilized content analysis
and data are presented in simple percentage and ranking. It is likewise found
that: (1) Business Administration Students graduates plan to become
management trainees in Finance and Entrepreneurship and to become new
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accounts personnel. (2) Graduates consider interest, availability of the job
openings and the compensation package; and the organizations provisions
for the employees career advancement. (3) Graduating students strengths
include inclination for hard work, ability to work with minimum supervisions,
trustworthiness, determination to succeed, computer literacy, commitment to
the profession, self-confidence, ability to comply with the rules, honesty and
insufficient knowledge of office routine.
Datu (2012), their paper describes the relationship at the Big Five
Personality factors and the paternal parenting style to career preferences of
Selected Filipino College Freshmen. After Subjecting Data into statistical tool
analysis via SPSS 17.0 software, it was revealed that career preference is
significantly associated with gender, neuroticism, and authoritarian paternal
parental style were found out to be predictive determinants of Career Choice.
Laguador (2014) concluded that general Engineering Students get to
know LPU-Batangas in TV Commercials, followed by their classmates,
relatives, tarpaulin and Radio advertisements. The choice of School and
Course are their own personal choice. The mothers have much influenced to
the decision of the students in choosing the school and course compared to
the fathers. General Engineering students have chosen LPU because it is
well-known for its standards. The parents have the greatest influence in the
selection of their present course.
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Pascual (2014) stated that the findings revealed that the availability of
work after college is the first consideration of students in choosing a course in
college. Most of the students prefer to take scientific related field courses or
the popular courses for Filipinos. The least preferred are in the agricultural
field. The results of the study served as the basis in the construction of a
career path program for laboratory school students. The authors conclude the
right course in college, suited to students personality, ability and intellect.
Helping students choose the career that suits them can be done by
integrating a career plan with a curriculum so that students can make good
decisions in what course to take in College.
Carito-Mattisor (2010) conducted a study attempted to identify factors
affecting career uncertainly as perceived by the students in a university of the
Philippines. One hundred thirteen students responded to a brief response
questionnaires in which they were asked to describe experiences that have
led them being either certain or uncertain about future careers, their feelings
resulting certainly or uncertainly. Results suggested that career uncertainly
may be influenced more by outcome expectations (such as expectation of
finding high paying jobs) rather than self-efficacy or other contextual supports
and barriers (such as parental pressure). The data also suggest that
information and guidance received prior to the collegiate years may be an
influential factor in career uncertainly. Suggestions for Career guidance for
24
College Students and future research into the utility of SCCT in Filipino
context are made.
Datu (2013) investigates the impact of the perfectionist technologies on
career decidedness. Findings revealed that organization positively correlate
to occupational knowledge and training while parental expectations positively
correlate to decidedness. A parental expectation serves as the robust
prediction of decidedness. Students with low perfectionism scored higher
decidedness comfort. On the other hand, those with high levels of
Perfectionism experienced greeter self-clarity, occupational knowledge and
training, decisiveness and career choice importance. From these results, the
positive and negative contributions of perfectionism on the process of making
career decisions are illustrated.
Aguado (2015) their findings revealed that it is the personal choice of
the students to enroll in Maritime Program in Lyceum of the Philippines
University Batangas with the support primarily from their parents wherein
quality education through being known as home of board top-notchers and its
standards are considered as big factor for their decision. They also believed
that finishing Maritime Education would bring them in employment in abroad
which is basically the nature of duties and responsibilities of seafarers; High
interest towards the degree program is also manifested among Maritime
Students. Maritime students graduated from public schools have significantly
higher chance of being influenced by the people in choosing the schools and
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the degree program and they also have significantly higher degree of interest
towards the Maritime Program compared to those who graduated from private
schools.
Synthesis and Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies

According to Georgia Career information Center, Careers New
Zealand and Janis, Making and choosing a career path is very critical in every
students life. They also stated that knowing what your interest, skill and using
some scientific steps can help you in choosing your career path. They also
added that people who surround you can help in your decision-making,
however, it is still you who will choose and decide where you are comfortable
with.
Mindtools editorial team and Beggs, in the other hand stated that if you
are trying to make the right choice you must consider some factors that can
help your career decision making. This includes rational and emotional level
or your psychological and social importances of your career. Considering
these some factors inside you will be a great help in choosing and making a
career decision in your life.
Taylor, Zody, Wildman and Mihyeon, added some factors that can
affect your career decision making. Academic ability,familys business, family
and friends, and your personality respectively. All of these factors are highly
26
effective in making your career decisions because these four are like an
obligation for you to obey with no chance of making your own decisions.
K12 Philippines and De Vera address their concerns about the career
preferences by using the new education system of the Philippines which
involves High-schools students up to date and called Grade 10. The new
Education System will have a great impact on making their career decision in
terms of how they are interested with it and how will they comply after
graduating in our neighboring countries in ASEAN.
Therefore, our
government will have a very big role in implementing and ensuring that this
K12 system will be successful and can help students in their career decision
making.
27
Chapter III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter shows the method of research used, Population, Sample
size and sampling technique, Description of respondents, Research
instruments, Data-gathering procedure and Statistical treatment of data.
Methods of Research
The researchers used descriptive method which focuses at the present
condition; the purpose is to find the new truth. (Travers, 1978) stated that
descriptive method is designed for the investigator to gather information about
present existing conditions. The primary aims in employing this method are to
describe the nature of a situation as it exists at the time of the study and to
explore the causes of particular phenomena.
This quantitative researched focused to the factors affecting career
preferences of PUP MM students. In turn, this study falls under the method
for the researchers to be able to determine the effects of the given variables.
Thus, it was appropriate to use descriptive method in this study since the
researchers goal was to determine the factors affecting career preferences of
their respondents.
28
Population, Sample size and Sampling Technique
The total population of freshmen of respondents are 314. The sample
for this study was computed through Slovin formula as indicated below:
Where:
n
is the computed number of samples
is the total number population
is the margin of error (.05)
n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.05}2 )

n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.0025} )
n= 314/ (1+ 0.785)
n=314/ 1.785
n= 175.910
n= 176
Using the formula, the computed sample is 176. A random sample from
each stratum or section of BSBA- MM was taken in proportion to the stratums
size and the population of 314 freshmen. The subsets of strata are then
pooled to form a random sample, hence, the sampling technique is called
stratified random sampling. This sampling involves the division of a population
into smaller groups known as strata. Strata are formed based on members
shared attributes or characteristics. In this study, the strata are the five (5)
sections. In the selection of each subset, the researcher used purposive
29
sampling because the needed respondents were students with freshman
grades for the first semester of the school year 2015- 2016.
Description of Respondents
The first five (Day-shift) sections of Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration Major in Marketing Management have three hundred fourteen
(314) freshmen students: 65 1D students, 62 2D students, 58 3D students, 65
4D students and 64 5D students.
The sample size of freshmen students was 176. Every section was
equally divided into: 36 1D students, 35 1D students, 33 3D students, 36 4D
students, and 36 5D students.
Frequency distribution Table of Freshmen Dayshift
Marketing Management Students
Stratum
Total (N)
Percentage (%)
1D
2D
3D
4D
5D
Total:
65
62
58
65
64
314
20.7
19.74
18.47
20.7
20.38
99.99 = 100%
Sample size
(n)
36
35
33
36
36
176
Table 1
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of freshmen dayshift
marketing Management students. 65 of them came from the class of 1D
which comprises of 20.7 percent and a total sample size of 36. 62 came from
the class of 2D which comprises of 19.74 percent and a total sample size of
30
35. 58 came from the class of 3D which comprises of 18.47 percent and a
total sample size of 33. 65 came from the class of 4D which comprises of
20.7 percent and a total sample size of 36. Lastly, 64 of them came from the
class of 5D which comprises of 20.38 percent and a total sample size of 36.
The total Population is 314, percentage with 99.99% rounded off to 100% and
a sample size of 176.
Research Instruments
The researchers used research-made survey questionnaire about the
factors affecting career preferences. The test contains five parts with each
part pertaining to each factor that can affect their decisions: (1) Opportunity;
(2) Personality; (3) Environment; (4) Future Work Condition; and (5) Practice
Location.
The survey items were designed to know specifically each view of the
respondents in the factors given by the researchers. Each of the questions
have also been changed from past and recent findings from other researches
that were compiled and revised to fit in with the researchers current study.
The survey comprises 50 items as a whole, divided in 5 parts and with
each part containing 10 items. It is parted into five portions to define in each
issue the researchers have provided to the respondents primarily the
common aspects an individual must face in making his or her decision in the
matter of career preference and factors influencing and affecting these said
decisions.
31
Data-Gathering Procedure
The topic was proposed on January 12, 2016. With the guide and help of the
researchers adviser, they were able to come up with the title, Factors
affecting career preferences of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
Subsequently, the researchers visited Ninoy Aquino Library and learning
resource center to look for other theses and research papers related to their
topic. The researchers started to conduct their own researches individually at
first from January 13 to January 16, 2016. On January 26, 2016, they've
compiled their researches as a group. On February 5, 2016, the researchers
presented their proposed questionnaire to their professor then on February 9,
2016, they've finalized their questionnaires. On February 16 and February 18,
2016, the researchers conducted their survey on the Polytechnic University of
the Philippines Marketing Freshmen Day Shift. On February 20, 21 and 22,
they've tallied and tabulated their questionnaires.
Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to treat the gathered data, the following statistical tools were
used in the study:
Percentage this is used to translate the frequency distribution of

two variables in the study of percent (%). Percentage was used in the study in
getting the sample size needed for the gathering of data.
32
Weighted Mean this is used to find out the average levels of agreement
of each respondents based on the questionnaire given to them individually.
Weighted mean was used in the study to get the average level of agreement of the
five factors affecting career preferences.
33
34
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This
chapter
shows
the
tabular
presentation,
analysis
interpretation of data gathered in the study.
Table 2
1. Opportunity Factor on Career preferences
Indicator
1
My grades will determine my career

choice
2
Socio economic status of student
always affect the students choice of
career
3
I have access to employment in a
family business
4 I plan to work in a job for a while, then
attend a school or get training
5
I will have to work for the money
needed to attend any training
6 I am fully aware of what colleges and
universities have to offer
7
I will consider working after
graduation rather than make a career
choice
8 I have to motivate myself in making a
career choice
9 Opportunities and privileges do affect
my career choice
10
Educational status of parents can
affect my career choice
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.856
Verbal
Interpretation
Agree
2.944
Agree
2.508
Agree
2.738
Agree
2.762
Agree
3.14
Agree
2.946
Agree
3.462
Strongly Agree
3.322
Strongly Agree
2.364
Disagree
2.904
Agree
and
Table 2 shows the opportunity as a factor on career preferences of the
respondents. Indicator 8 got the highest weighted mean with 3.462 and with a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Followed by indicator 9 with 3.322 and a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Indicator 6 with a mean 3.14 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Next is Indicator 7 with 2.946 and a verbal interpretation of
Agree. Indicator 2 with 2.944 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 1 with
2.856 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 5 with 2.762 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 4 with 2.738 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Indicator 3 with 2.508 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Lastly, Indicator 10
with 2.364 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
Table 3
35
2. Personality factor on Career preferences
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Indicator
Weighted
mean
Verbal
interpretation
I have definitely make a career choice

I have no career plans at present
I did/have done career choice on my
own
I made the decision choosing my
college course alone
I will choose my career choice based
on my interest in a particular subject
My parents occupations determine my
choice of career
Thinking about career choice now is a
waste of time
My academic ability will determine my
career choice
Once I have my NCAE result, then I
can make a decision on my career
choice
Teachers characteristics do influence
students motivation in choosing a
career
3.078
2.138
2.734
Agree
Disagree
Agree
2.902
Agree
2.988
Agree
2.252
Disagree
1.954
Disagree
2.770
Agree
2.256
Disagree
2.760
Agree
TOTAL
2.583
Agree
Table 3 shows the Personality as a factor on career preferences of the

respondents. Indicator 1 got the highest weighted mean of 3.078 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Followed by indicator 5 with 2.988 and a verbal
Indicator 8 with 2.770 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Next, Indicator 10 with
2.760 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 3 with 2.734 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 9 with 2.256 and a verbal interpretation of
36
Disagree. Indicator 6 with 2.252 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Indicator 2
with 2.138 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Lastly, Indicator 7 with 1.954
and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
Table 4
3. Environment factor on Career preferences
Indicator
1
My parents had/will have a great influence

in my career choice
2 Teachers are/have been the greatest
influence in my career
3 Freshmen college students can be
influenced by their peers in making career
choice
4 Councilors are/have been the greatest
influence in my career choice
5 Deviant behavior of different students in
career choice are influenced by the peer
groups
6 Money has been an issue in choosing a
career
7 Moving with students in tertiary institutions
do affect students career choice
8 Living in a low socio economic
environment can affect the choice of career
among students
9 My parents chose my subjects
10 Governmental policies do affect choice of
career among secondary school students
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.920
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
2.628
Agree
2.852
Agree
2.382
Disagree
2.604
Agree
2.920
Agree
2.598
Agree
2.640
Agree
2.072
2.422
Disagree
Disagree
2.604
Agree
Table 4 shows the Environment as a factor on career preferences of the

respondents. Indicator 1 and 6 both got the highest weighted mean with 2.920 and
37
a verbal interpretation of Agree. Followed by Indicator 3 with 2.852 and a verbal
Indicator 2 with 2.628 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 5 with 2.604
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Indicator 7 with 2.598 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Indicator 10 with 2.422 and a verbal interpretation of
Disagree. Indicator 4 with 2.328 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree. Lastly,
Indicator 9 with 2.072 and a verbal interpretation of Disagree.
Table 5
4. Future Working Condition factor on Career preferences
38
Indicator
1
I will consider expectation to inherit

practice of my parents or relatives in
choosing my career
2 I will consider the income I will get in my
choice of career
3 Working time allotted will be considered
in choosing my career
4 The safety of every employee will be
considered in my career choice
5 Ease of opening practice will be
considered in my choice of career
6 The companys appearance and
ventilation will be considered in my
choice of career
7 Companys health care condition will be
a great influence in choosing my career
8 Incentives and bonuses of company will
help in choosing my career
9 I will consider attainable lifestyle in my
choice of career
10 Compensation to work employees affect
my career choice
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.814
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
3.216
Agree
3.002
Agree
3.192
Agree
3.108
Agree
3.164
Agree
3.178
Agree
3.258
Strongly Agree
3.262
Strongly Agree
3.062
Agree
3.133
Agree
Table 5 shows the Future work condition as a factor on career preferences of

the respondents. Indicator 9 got the highest weighted mean with 3.262 and a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Followed by Indicator 8 with 3.258 and a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Indicator 2 with 3.216 and a verbal
39
Indicator 3 with 3.002 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Indicator 1 with
2.814 and a verbal interpretation of Agree.
40
Table 6
5. Practice Location factor on Career preferences
Indicator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My hometown is a great influence upon

choosing my career
Educational environment for children is a
great factor for my practice location
Income affects my career preference
Career development is considered in my
choice of career
I will consider the research environment of
practice location
Teaching opportunities greatly affects my
choice of career
Community atmosphere determine my
career choice
I will consider the lifestyle of employees in
my practice location
The possibility of inheriting practice of any
parent/relative
My parents residence affects my preference
of career
TOTAL
Weighted
mean
2.774
Verbal
interpretation
Agree
3.082
Agree
3.148
3.162
Agree
Agree
2.864
Agree
3.008
Agree
3.010
Agree
3.068
Agree
2.930
Agree
2.730
Agree
2.978
Agree
Table 6 shows the Practice location as a factor on career preferences of the

respondents. Indicator 4 got the highest weighted mean with 3.162 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree. Followed by Indicator 3 with 3.148 and a verbal
41
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Indicator 5 with 2.664 and a verbal
interpretation of Agree.
Table 7
6. Overall weighted mean of the Factors affecting career
preferences
Preferences
Gen. Weighted
Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
Opportunity
2.904
Agree
Personality
2.583
Agree
Environment
2.604
Agree
Future work
Condition
Practice Location
3.133
Agree
2.978
Agree
Table 7 shows the Overall Weighted mean of the Factors affecting

career Preferences. Future working condition factor got the highest general
weighted mean with 3.133 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Followed by
Practice Location with 2.978 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Opportunity
with 2.904 and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Next, Environment with 2.604
and a verbal interpretation of Agree. Lastly, Personality with 2.638 and a
verbal interpretation of Agree.
42
43
Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS
This chapter presents brief summary of this study, the findings, the conclusions
and recommendations.
44
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48
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rick Abram V. Del Rosario

Age: 18
Address: Lot13 Blk3 St. Mathew square
Guinayang, San Mateo, Rizal
Contact no: 09753426590
49
E-mail Address: delrosariorick21@gmail.com
Educational background:
Elementary: Kids World Christian Academy
High-School: Roosevelt College Rodrigu
Achievements:
Top 4 (Elementary)
Best Research Paper (High-School)
Rizal Provincial meet Player (Volleyball)
Rizal Private School Meet (Volleyball & Basketball)
PUP CBA Volleyball Player
Name: Christy M. Bunquin

Age: 17
Address: GSIS Metrohomes Bldg. 2, 3DE9
Anonas St, Sta. Mesa, Manila
Contact no: 09056143892
E-mail Address: buinquinchristy8@gmail.com
50
Elementary: Isidro Suzara Memorial High-School
High-School: Puerto Galera National High-School
Achievements:
4th honorable mention (Elementary)
Name: Jamie Jen I. Codilan

Age: 16
Address: 35 G.E. Hermosa Street,
Pateros, Metro Manila
Contact no: 09192136091
E-mail Address: jhayxxsenciichi@yahoo.com
51
Elementary: Saint Genevieve School of Pateros
High-School: Saint Genevieve School of Pateros
Achievements:
6th honorable mention (High-School)
6th place (Journalism Contest Division)
Name: Iris Princess B. Enguerra

Age: 17
Address: Blk. 5 Lot 8 Towerville 6-BH
Brgy. Gaya-Gaya, San Jose
Del Monte, Bulacan
Contact no: 09481122787
E-mail Address: enguerris@gmail.com
52
Elementary: San Vicente Elementary School
High-School: Graceville National High School
Achievements:
Top 5 (Kinder)
Top 10 (Elementary)
Top 10 (High School)
School-Based Prescon (News Writing)
Name: Love Clariel L. Gonzales

Age: 16
Address: 017B Parada St. Brgy San
Roque Cainta, Rizal
Contact no: 09228463908
E-mail Address: loveclariel@gmail.com
Elementary: Lords Jewel Christian School

High-School: Francisco P. Felix Memorial Natl High School
Achievements:
53
1st Place Science Quiz bee (High School)
3rd Place Math Quiz bee (High School)
2nd Place Literary (High School)
2nd Place Interpretative Dance (High School)
Name: Rainie An P. Gratela

Age: 17
Address: 24-A Estacio Subd. Brgy.
Martinez Del 96, Pateros
Metro Manila
Contact no: 09357000757
E-mail Address: rainie_gratela@yahoo.com
Elementary: Pitogo Elementary School
High-School: Pitogo High School
Achievements:
Top 7 (Elementary)
54
Speech Choir Champion (High School)
1st place Markstrife (College)
JME ExeCom Officer (College)
Name: Cheenee D. Hung

Age: 16
Address: 2263 Iridium Street Sta Ana,
Manila
Contact no: 09238070481
E-mail Address: hungcheenee@yahoo.com
Elementary: Margarita Roxas de Ayala Elementary School
High-School: Ignacio Borbon Villamor High School
Achievements:
55
Name: Alexandra Kate Largado

Age: 17
Address: 15 road 5 San Miguel Ridge
Marulas, Valenzuela City
Contact no: 09266609067
E-mail Address: alexandrakate.largado@yahoo.com

Elementary: San Miguel Heights Elementary School

High-School: Sto. Rosario Montessori School
Achievements:
56
Name: Abbegail C. Marzan

Age: 17
Address: 11 E. Hermosa St. Grem
Village Brgy. San Roque, Pateros
Metro Manila
Contact no: 09167645561
E-mail Address: glmrzn@yahoo.com
Elementary: P. Manalo Elementary School

High-School: Pateros National High School
Achievements:
2nd Honorable mention (Elementary)
57
Name: Carl Kevin V. Penalosa

Age: 17
Address: 2327 Tenorio St. Sta Ana
Manila
Contact no: 09054235534
E-mail Address: penalosacarlkevin@yahoo.com
Elementary: Sta. Ana Elementary School

High-School: Gen. Pio Del Pilar National High School
Achievements:
Best Play as Romeo and Juliet (High School)
1st runner up AMA idols (College)
Power Impact Dancers Member (College)
Champion Smart Jump-in Dance off 3 (College)
58
Name: Audrey Monique B. Silvano

Age: 17
Address: 12-B Maayusin Street Brgy.
San Vicente, Diliman, QC
Contact no: 09066495583
E-mail Address: audreysilvano14@gmail.com
Elementary: San Vicente Elementary School

High-School: Ramon Magsaysay High School
Achievements:
1st Place Alay ng rotary sa araw ng kabataan (High school)
59
60

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P O LY T E C H N I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

What are the levels of agreement in terms of the following factors on

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitations

Career fairs are face-to-face meeting

Ghuangpeng (2011) identified several factors that were perceiver to

Psychological, Sociological, Educational, Hereditary, and economic factors.

Synthesis and Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies

is the computed number of samples

is the total number population

is the margin of error (.05)

n= 314/ (1 + 314 {.05}2 )

Statistical Treatment of Data

Percentage this is used to translate the frequency distribution of

interpretation of data gathered in the study.

My grades will determine my career

2. Personality factor on Career preferences

I have definitely make a career choice

Table 3 shows the Personality as a factor on career preferences of the

My parents had/will have a great influence

Table 4 shows the Environment as a factor on career preferences of the

I will consider expectation to inherit

Table 5 shows the Future work condition as a factor on career preferences of

My hometown is a great influence upon

Table 6 shows the Practice location as a factor on career preferences of the

Table 7 shows the Overall Weighted mean of the Factors affecting

Name: Rick Abram V. Del Rosario

Name: Christy M. Bunquin

Name: Jamie Jen I. Codilan

Name: Iris Princess B. Enguerra

Name: Love Clariel L. Gonzales

Elementary: Lords Jewel Christian School

Name: Rainie An P. Gratela

Name: Cheenee D. Hung

Name: Alexandra Kate Largado

E-mail Address: alexandrakate.largado@yahoo.com

Elementary: San Miguel Heights Elementary School

Name: Abbegail C. Marzan

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