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ABSTRACT
Biodiesel, a gifted substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant
attention due to the predicted littleness of conventional fuels and environmental
concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Calophyllum
Inophyllum oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising
options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. The Calophyllum Inophyllum oil is
converted into Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester known as biodiesel processed
in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst. The best combination of the
parameters was found as 6:1 molar ratio of Methanol to oil, 9 gram of sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst, 60C reaction temperature. The physical properties such
as Kinematic viscosity, Density, Calorific Value, Cetane number, Fire point and
Flash point were found out for Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester at different
blends. The same characteristics study was also carried out for the diesel fuel. The
values obtained from the Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester is nearly matched
with the values of conventional diesel and can be used in the normal diesel engine
without any modification. The Performance and Emission Characteristics were taken
out at five different blends, from these five blends B20 blend were gives good
Performance Characteristics.
4
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.
.
.
6 : 1 ,
(NaOH) , 60C 9 .
, , , ,
.
.
,
.
B20
, .
-, , ,
, ,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a great pleasure for us to acknowledge the assistance and contributions of
great people to this effort. I would like to thank god almighty for giving us the
confidence and power to complete this Project work successfully.
5
I have immense pleasure and satisfaction in expressing our hearty thanks to
our beloved Managing Trustee Thiru. R.VIJAYAKUMHAR and our Joint
Managing Trustee Thiru. D.LASHMINARAYANASWAMY
express
my
sincere
Dr.A.EBENEZERJEYAKUMAR,M.E.,Ph.D.,
and
our
beloved
Principal
very
much
thankful
to
our
Head
of
the
Department
ELANGOVAN.T
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAHPTER
TITLE
NO.
ABSTRACT
PAGE
NUMBER
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURE
xi
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Introduction
1.4. Biodiesel
1.4.1.Introduction
1.4.2.Direct Use/Blending
1.4.3.Micro-emulsions
1.4.4.Pyrolysis
1.4.5.Transesterification
LITERATURE REVIEW
CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM
13
3.1.Introduction
13
14
17
18
20
4.1.Oil Extraction
20
23
5. Biodiesel Production
23
5.1.Pre-treatment process
23
23
25
26
28
6.1.Experimental Setup
28
6.2.Experimental Procedure
28
6.3. Seperation
30
31
32
34
7.1.Introduction
34
7.2.Kinematic viscosity
34
7.3.Density
34
35
7.6.Cetane number
35
7.6.Calorific value
35
37
37
8.2.Biodiesel Blends
38
40
8
8.3.1 B20-20% methyl ester of Calophyllum Inophyllum
40
41
42
43
44
10
45
47
9.1.Engine Specification:
47
48
50
9.4.Specific Output
51
9.5.Volumetric Efficiency
52
52
53
53
54
57
58
58
59
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
60
60
9
10.2. Exhaust Smoke and Other Emissions
10.2.1.HC emissions
61
10.2..2.CO emissions
61
10.2.3.NO Emission
61
10.3.Emission Characteristics
11
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
11.1. Conclusion
66
66
REFERENCES
67
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO.
PAGE
NUMBER
2.1
11
3.1
17
3.2
19
7.1
36
8.1
Biodiesel specification
37
10
8.2
46
9.1
54
9.2
54
9.3
55
9.4
55
9.5
56
9.6
Diesel Performance
56
10.1
62
10.2
63
10.3
64
10.4
65
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO.
NAME OF FIGURE
PAGE
NUMBER
1.1
3.1
13
3.2
14
3.3
15
3.4
15
11
3.5
Biodiesel Productivity
16
4.1
20
4.2
Biodiesel Extraction
22
5.1
24
5.2
Tranesterification Process
25
5.3
26
5.4
27
6.1
Experimental setup
29
6.2
30
6.3
31
6.4
Tranesterified Biodiesel
33
8.1
39
8.2
40
8.3
41
8.4
42
8.5
43
8.6
44
8.7
45
9.1
Engine Setup
47
9.2
57
9.3
58
12
9.4
58
9.5
59
10.1
62
10.2
63
10.3
64
10.4
65