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CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2 (3 ) = 0 = 0,
(0; 0)
=3{
.
(3; 0)
Con el eje : = 0
(0) = 0 (0; 0)
Hallar los puntos crticos: () = 0 () .
() = 6 3 2 () = 3 ( 2)
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() = 0 3( 2) = 0 = 0,
=2
. . . = {0; 2}.
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
() () ()
(; 0)
=0
(0; 1)
=1
(1; 2)
=2
(2; +)
Conclusin
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2
+2
() =
+ 2 ( 2 )
4
(
)
=
( + 2)2
( + 2)2
>0
() = 0
4
= 0 () 0 () > 0 () es creciente.
( + 2)2
>0
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
()
4
( + 2)2 = 0 = 2
( + 2)2
. . . = {2}.
() =
4[2( + 2)]
8
(
)
=
( + 2)4
( + 2)3
() = 0
()
8
= 0 8 0 () 0
( + 2)3
8
( + 2)3 = 0 = 2
3
( + 2)
. . . = {2}
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() () ()
Conclusin
(; 2)
= 2
(2; +)
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2
= 0 = 2 punto (2; 0)
+2
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = 1 punto (0; 1)
Hallando las asntotas:
Asntota Vertical
lim
2
= +,
+2
lim +
2
= =
+2
Asntota Horizontal
lim
2
=1 = ,
+2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() 1 =
2
4
1=
+2
+2
4
< 0 + 2 > 0 > 2
+2
la grfica de se encuentra debajo de la asntota.
4
> 0 + 2 < 0 < 2
+2
la grfica de se encuentra arriba de la asntota.
2 2
. Hacer un anlisis general y graficar la funcin: () =
9 2
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() =
36
36
(
)
=
( 2 9)2
( 3)2 ( + 3)2
() = 0
()
36
= 0 36 = 0 = 0
( 3)2 ( + 3)2
36
( 3)2 ( + 3)2 = 0
( 3)2 ( + 3)2
>0
= 3 ,
= 3 . . . = {3; 0; 3}.
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Hallar los puntos de inflexin: () = 0 () .
() = 36 [
() =
(9 2 )2 2(9 2 )(2)
]
(9 2 )4
36(9 2 )(9 2 + 4 2 )
36(3 2 + 9)
(
)
=
(9 2 )4
(9 2 )3
108( 2 + 3)
108( 2 + 3)
() =
=
( 2 9)3
( 3)3 ( + 3)3
>0
() = 0
( 2 + 3)
108
= 0 108( 2 + 3) = 0 () 0.
( 3)3 ( + 3)3
108( 2 + 3)
()
( 3)3 ( + 3)3 = 0
( 3)3 ( + 3)3
= 3,
= 3 . . . = {3; 3}
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() () ()
(; 3)
= 3
(3; 0)
=0
(0; 3)
=3
(3; +)
Conclusin
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = 0 punto (0; 0)
Hallando las asntotas:
Asntota Vertical
+
2
2
lim
= ,
3 (
(3 + )
3 )
+
2
2
lim
= + =
(3 + )
3+ (
3 )
2
2
lim
= +,
3 (
3 ) (3 + )
+
2
2
lim
= =
3+ (
3 ) (3 + )
Asntota Horizontal
2 2
lim
= 2 = ,
9 2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2 2
18
() (2) =
+
2
=
9 2
9 2
18
< 0 9 2 < 0 (; 3) (3; +)
2
9
la grfica de se encuentra debajo de la asntota.
18
> 0 9 2 > 0 (3; 3)
2
9
la grfica de se encuentra arriba de la asntota.
1 + 2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
=
(1 + 2 )2
(1 + 2 )2
(1 + 2 )2
() = 0
( 1)( + 1)
= 0 ( 1)( + 1) = 0
(1 + 2 )2
>0
= 1,
= 1 . . . = {1; 1}.
(1 + 2 )4
(1 + 2 )3
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2( 3)( + 3)
2( 2 3)
(
)
() =
=
(1 + 2 )3
(1 + 2 )3
() = 0
2( 3)( + 3)
= 0 = 3,
(1 + 2 )3
= 0,
= 3
>0
. . . = {3; 0; 3}.
()
(; 3)
() ()
Conclusin
() decrece y es cncava hacia abajo
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
= 3
0,43
(3; 1)
= 1
0,5
(1; 0)
=0
(0; 1)
=1
0,5
(1; 3)
= 3
0,43
(3; +)
= 0 = 0 punto (0; 0)
1 + 2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = 0 punto (0; 0)
=0 =,
1 + 2
() 0 =
1 + 2
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
( 1)2
( 1)2
() =
( 2)
( 1)2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() = 0
()
( 2)
= 0 ( 2) = 0 = 0,
( 1)2
=2
( 2)
( 1)2 = 0 = 1
( 1)2
>0
. . = {0; 1; 2}.
( 1)4
2( 1)[( 1)2 2 + 2]
2
(
)
() =
=
( 1)4
( 1)3
() = 0
()
2
= 0 2 0 () 0
( 1)3
2
( 1)3 = 0 = 1
( 1)3
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
. . . = {1}.
() () ()
(; 0)
=0
(0; 1)
=1
Conclusin
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
(1; 2)
=2
(2; +)
2 2 + 2
= ,
1
1
2 2 + 2
= + = .
1+
1
Asntota Horizontal
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2 2 + 2
= asntota horizontal
1
Asntota Oblicua: = +
Dividir algebraicamente:
2 2 + 2
1
=
1 +
=
1
1
Punto de corte de la asntota oblicua con la curva:
2 2 + 2
= 1 2 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 1 2 1 corte.
1
Situacin de la grfica respecto a la asntota oblicua:
2 2 + 2
1
() ( 1) =
+1=
1
1
1
<01<0 <1
1
la grfica de se encuentra por debajo de la asntota.
1
>01>0 >1
1
la grfica de se encuentra por arriba de la asntota.
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
( 1)3
. Hacer un anlisis general y graficar la funcin: () =
2
() = {0}. La funcin no es continua en = 0.
No existen simetras.
Hallar los puntos crticos: () = 0 () .
() = 3 +
() = 1 3
3 1
2 = 3 + 3 1 2
+ 2
3
2
3 3 + 2
() = 1 2 + 3 () =
( 1)2 ( + 2)
() =
3
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
>0
() = 0
= 2,
( 1)2 ( + 2)
= 0 ( 1)2 ( + 2) = 0
3
=1
( 1)2 ( + 2)
()
3 = 0 = 0
3
. . . = {2; 0; 1}
+
= 1 3 2 + 2 3
3
2 3
() = 6 3 6 4 = 6 4 ( 1) =
() = 0
6( 1)
6( 1)
(
)
=
4
4
6( 1)
= 0 6( 1) = 0 = 1
4
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
()
6( 1)
4 = 0 = 0
4
>0
. . . = {0; 1}.
()
(; 2)
= 2
6,75
(2; 0)
() ()
Conclusin
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
=0
(0; 1)
=1
(1; +)
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = punto de corte.
Asntotas:
Asntota Vertical
( 1)3
= ,
0
2
+
( 1)3
= = .
0+
2
+
Asntota Horizontal
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
( 1)3
= asntota horizontal
2
Asntota Oblicua: = +
Dividir algebraicamente:
( 1)3
3 1
(
) =
=
3
+
2
2
Punto de corte de la asntota oblicua con la curva:
( 1)3
= 3 3 3 2 + 3 1 = 3 3 2 3 1 = 0
2
1
8
1
8
= Punto de corte es ( ; ).
3
3
3
3
() ( 3) =
( 1)3
3 1
(
)
3
=
2
2
3 1
1
<
0
1
<
0
<
2
3
>0
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
3 1
1
>
0
1
>
0
>
2
3
>0
2
2 4
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() = (; 2) (2; +)
2 2 4 2 (
() =
() =
)
2 4
2 4
2 3 8 3
( 2 4)3
() =
() =
() =
3 8
( 2 4)3
2( 2 4) 3
( 2 4)3
() =
( 2 8)
( 2 4)3
( + 8)( 8)
( + 2)3 ( 2)3
>0
() = 0
= 8,
()
( + 8)( 8)
( + 2)3 ( 2)3
= 0 (),
( + 8)( 8)
( +
2)3 (
2)3
= 0 ( + 8)( 8) = 0
= 8
= 2 (),
= 2 ()
. . = {8; 2; 2; 8}
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
( 2 4)2 (3 2 8) 3( 2 4)2 ( 3 8)
() =
( 2 4)3
1
( 2 4)2 (4 2 + 32)
4( 2 + 8)
() =
() =
( 2 4)3
2
5
)
( 4
() =
4( 2 + 8)
( + 2)5 ( 2)5
>0
() = 0
( 2 + 8)
4
( +
2)5 (
2)5
= 0 () > 0
>0
()
4( 2 + 8)
( +
2)5 (
2)5
= 2 (),
= 2 ()
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
. . . = {2; 2}
() () ()
(; 8)
= 8
(8; 2)
Conclusin: ()
= 2
=2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
(2; 8)
4
= 8
(8; +)
= 0 = 0 = 0 (0; 0)
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = 0 = 0 = 0 (0; 0).
Asntotas:
Asntota Vertical:
+
2
2 4
= + = ,
2+
+
2
2 4
= + =
Asntota Oblicua.- = +
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
()
2
() =
= 1 = 1.
+
+ 2 4
+ 2 4
2
[
(
)
]
= (
) = 0 = 0.
+
+ 2 4
= + =
()
2
() =
= 1 = 1
2 4
2 4
2
= [() ] (
+ ) = 0 = 0
2 4
= + =
()
2
2
= 2 = 2 4 = 2 4 2 = 2 4
0 4 punto de corte.
()
2
2
= 2 = 2 4 = 2 4 2 = 2 4
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
0 4 punto de corte.
Situacin de la grfica respecto a la asntota oblicua:
() () () =
2
2
+ =
( + 2 4)
2
( + 2 4)
>0
() () () =
2
2
( 2 4)
2
( 2 4)
>0
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() =
() =
4 3 2
3
3 (2 2 3 )2
(3 4)
3
3. ( 2)2
() = 0
()
() =
() =
(3 4)
3
3 ( 2)2
(3 4)
( 2)2
3 3
(3 4)
3
3 4 (2 )2
(3 4)
3
3 ( 2)2
= 0 (3 4) = 0 =
4
3
3 ( 2)2 = 0 = 0,
>0
4
. . = {0; ; 2}.
3
=2
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() =
8
4
9 3 (2
() =
5
)
3
8
4
9 3 (
2)3
() =
9 3 ( 2)3
() = 0
()
8
4
9 3 (
5
2 )3
8
4
9
3 (
5
2 )3
= 0 () 0
4
9 3 (
2)3 = 0 = 0,
=2
>0
. . . = {0; 2}.
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
() () ()
(; 0)
=0
4
(0; )
3
4
3
23
4
3
4
( ; 2)
3
=2
(2; +)
Conclusin
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Con el eje : = 0.
= 0 (0; 0)
2 2 3 = 0 {
= 2 (2; 0)
Con el eje : = 0.
(0) = 0 = 0 = 0 (0; 0).
Asntotas: No existen asntotas verticales ni asntotas horizontales.
Asntota oblicua: = +
3
3 2 2 3
3 2
()
2 2 3
1 = 1
=
=
=
=
= [() ] = ( 2 2 3 + )
2 2 3 + 3
3
(2 2 3 )2 2 2 3 + 2
2 2
(2 2 3 )2 2 2 3 + 2
= + = +
2
3
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Corte de la asntota oblicua con la curva:
3
2
2
2
2
3
2 2 3 = + 2 = ( + ) =
3
3
9
2
4
2 4
= Punto de corte es ( ; ).
9
9
9 9
2
2 3 2 2 3 + 3 2
3
() ( + ) = 2 2 3 + =
3
3
3
3
3 2 2 3 + 3 2
2
3
> 0 3 2 2 3 + 3 2 > 0 >
3
9
la grfica de se encuentra por arriba de la asntota.
3
3 2 2 3 + 3 2
2
3
< 0 3 2 2 3 + 3 2 < 0 <
3
9
la grfica de se encuentra por debajo de la asntota.
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
porque: () = 2 = ().
En general cualquier funcin:
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
() = (),
significa () = ().
. = ,
. () = ,
) = + .
+1
) =
+ , 1
+1
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
= || + .
) = + .
) =
+ .
) = + .
) = + .
) 2 = + .
) 2 = + .
) . = +
) . = + .
1 2
= + .
) = + .
= +
1 + 2
) = + .
) 2 = +
) 2 = + .
. Calcular: (10 4 2 2 ) .
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
(10 4 2 2 ) = 10 4 2 2
5
= 10 4 2 2 = 10 ( ) 2 tan + = 2 5 2 tan + .
5
2 2 + 2 1
. Calcular:
.
2
1
1
2 2 + 2 1
2 2 ) = 2 + 2 2
(2
=
+
2 1
2 2 1
= 2 +
+ = 2 +
+ + .
3
1
3
2
2 2 + 2 1
2 3 1
=
+ + .
2
3
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
(()) . () = () .
. Calcular: 21 + 2 .
Sea: = + = 2
1
21 + 2 = 1+ 2 (2
) = = 2 =
2 3
2 + .
3
2
2 1 + 2 = (1 + 2 )3 + .
3
. Calcular: 3 ( 4 + 2).
Sea: = + = 4 3
1
1
3 ( 4 + 2) = [ (4 + 2)] . (4
3 ) =
4
4
1
1
= + = ( 4 + 2) + .
4
4
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
. Calcular: 2 + 1.
Sea: = + = 2
1
1
1
1
1 3 2
2
2 + 1 = 2 + 1(2) = = = (
)+
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
1 3
1
2
(
)
= + = 2 + 1 2 + .
3
3
1
2 + 1 = (2 + 1)3 + .
3
Sea: = + 2 = 2 + 1 2 = 2 =
3
1
3
2 + 1 = ( ) = = + (2 + 1) +
3
3
2
1
2 + 1 = (2 + 1)3 + .
3
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
. Calcular: 1 .
Sea: = 2 = 1 = 2 + 1 = 2
1 = ( + 1) . 2 = 2 ( +
1 = 2 [
. Calcular:
2)
5 3
= 2 ( + ) + .
5
3
( 1)5 ( 1)3
] + .
+
5
3
1 4 2
Sea: = = 8
1
1
1
8
1
1
1 2
=
=
= 2 = ( ) +
8 1 4 2
8
8
8 1
1 4 2
2
1 1
1
= 2 + = 1 4 2 + .
4
4
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
1
= 1 4 2 + .
4
1 4 2
. Calcular: 5 .
Sea: = = 5
5 =
1
1
1
1
5 (5) = = + = 5 + .
5
5
5
5
. Calcular: .
Sea: = =
=
=
= || +
= | | + .
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
. Calcular:
(3 + 5)2
Sea: = + = 5
1
5
1 1
1 1
2
)+
=
=
= = (
(3 + 5)2 5 (3 + 5)2 5 2 5
5 1
1 1
1
= ( )+ =
+ .
5
5(3 + 5)
1
=
+ .
(3 + 5)2
5(3 + 5)
. Calcular:
Sea: = =
( )2
2
2
= ( ) ( ) = =
+ =
+ =
+ .
2
2
2
2
=
+ .
2
Dr. Wilson Maco Vsquez
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
. Calcular:
Sea: = =
= 2 ( ) (
) = 2 = 2 + .
= 2 + .
. Calcular: . .
Sea: = =
1
. = = 2 =
3
2 3
2
2 + = ()2 + .
3
3
2
. = 3 + .
3
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Sean y funciones diferenciables.
Hallar la diferencial del producto: .
(. ) = . + .
Integrando a ambos lados de la ecuacin:
(. ) = . + . = . + .
(. ) = . + . . = . + .
. = . . ,
. Calcular:
.
.
=
Solucin: Si
= =
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
= =
Usando la frmula de integracin por partes se tiene:
. = = +
. = + + .
. Calcular: .
: Si
= =
= =
Usando la frmula de integracin por partes se tiene:
= (
) = = +
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
= ( 1) + .
. Calcular: . .
: Si
= =
2
= =
2
Usando la frmula de integracin por partes se tiene:
2
2 2
1
2
2
. =
= = + .
2
2
2
2
2
4
. =
2
1
( ) + .
2
2
. Calcular: 2 .
Solucin: Si
= 2 = 2
= =
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
2 = 2 2 = 2 2
( )
2 = 2 2 + 2 + = ( 2 2 + 2) + .
. Calcular: .
Solucin: Si
= =
= =
( )
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
= =
= =
= +
2 = +
( ) + .
2
. Calcular: .
: Si
= =
1 + 2
= =
Usando la frmula de integracin por partes se tiene:
=
1 + 2
( )
UNT 2014
CALCULO diferencial
Sea: = + = 2
1 2
1 1
1
=
= = | | + = |1 + 2 | +
2
2
1+
2 1+
2
2
2
1
= |1 + 2 | +
2
= 1 + 2 + .
. Calcular: = ( 2 + 7 5)2 .
Solucin: Si
= 2 + 7 5 = (2 + 7)
1
= 2 = 2
2
CALCULO diferencial
UNT 2014
1
= 2 = 2
2
1
1
(2 + 7)2 = (2 + 7)2 2. (2)
2
2
1
(2 + 7)2 = (2 + 7)2 + 2
2
1
1
= (2 + 7)2 + 2 + .
2
2
De donde finalmente se obtiene:
1
1 1
1
= ( 2 + 7 5)2 [ (2 + 7)2 + 2 + ]
2
2 2
2
1
1
1
= ( 2 + 7 5)2 + (2 + 7)2 2 + .
2
4
4