Mera Aajeevan Karavas

esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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MERA AAJEEVAN KARAVAS by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Published by Prabhat Prakashan, 4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-2
Rs. 400.00 ISBN 81-7315-648-4
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
vuqe
izkLrkfod
15
iwokZ/kZ
19
1-
23-
cacbZ fLFkr Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g

nwljk fnu
txr~ dk fiVkisk.k
ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gS
nk:.k vk?kkr
egkdkO;
Jh xksfoanflag dk pfj=
lj lj gsujh dkWVu
cfynkuh ohj ;k v/ke
iRuh ls HksaV
Hkk;[kyk dkjkx`g
Bk.ks dkjkx`g
dfuB ca/kq
nknk] ;g fyft,
NwVsaxs ;k ejsaxs
Ik= igqapk fn;k
flag&iq:k
foyk;rh NSy&Nchyh
dkaVksa dk eqdqV
vdZ gSa vdZ
mius=ksa dh uhykeh
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
4-
5-
6-
7-
vaneku dk pkyku
pkyku vk x;k
wj MdSr
Ckgu dh gR;k
Ikjksidkjh vf/kdkjh
vaneku ds fy, izLFkku
mUeqDr gkL;
pkyku dk uke
ckfyLVj dh izfrBk
pys HkS;k dkykikuh
eksxykbZ eSnku
dkysikuh dk lkxj
izLFkku
ty;ku dh xanxh
jked`.k ijegal
;wjksfi;uksa dk O;ogkj
ckjh ckck dh dgkuh
izLrqr fLFkfr
vaneku dk o.kZu
eysfj;k dk izknqHkkZo
tksad] lkai o du[ktwjs
vaneku vkSj fganqLFkku
vaneku dh fLFkfr
rhjksa dh ckSNkj
ujekal Hk{kd
tkojksa dk O;olk;
iksVZ Cysvj
clkgr dh vksj pyks
vaxszth uke dk fganhdj.k
vaneku esa
pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk!
Ckkjh lkgc vkrk gS
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
8-
9-
Ckkjh ckck dk minsk

dksBjh esa igyk lIrkg
lu~ 1857 ds fonzksg dh ppkZ
dkSu ugha gksrk LokFkhZ
nksuksa gh leku Fks
vuqVqi~ Nan
dkjkx`g dh izFke xqIr fpV~Bh
lko/kkuh dh lwpuk
xqIrpjksa dk dke
tks gS lks dg Mkyk
fookl?kkr
vc cl gqvk] ekQ djks
ngh ukfj;y
cl gks x;k] ekQ djks
ekQ djks esa ls êk*
r=LFk jktcafn;ksa dh iwoZ fLFkfr
ce&xksysokys
thHkokys vFkok jktcanh
^Mh* fVdV
wj nsork dk Hkksx
dksYgw
rsy iwjk djuk iMs+xk
jkf= esa dksYgw ij dke
jksx dk Lokax
ikyrw cukus dk iz;ksx
eSa dgaw ogh jksxh
ugha pkfg, ;g thou
pqVdh Hkj rackdw
vanekuh; uhfrkkL=
uSlfxZd fof/k dk vf/kdkj
izFke gM+rky
iksVZ Cysvj dk bZoj
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
10-
11-
12-
13-
oS|d kkL= dk ,d vkSj izegs

ikiHkh: ckjh lkgc
lkyk yksx! csar yxkosaxas
ckjh jfpr ukVd
vki jktcanh ugha gSa
vxzt ds nkZu
;gh vykSfdd HkkX; ugha gS D;k
vkSj dk;kZsa ds fok; esa
dksYgw dk cSy
rsy?kkuh esa
mnkj fe=ksa dk lg;ksx
ekufld fonzksg
vkRegR;k dk vkdZkd
;fn ejuk gS rks
ejsaxs rks oSls gh ejsaxs
vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj
vaneku esa laxBu
jktcafn;ksa dk fk{k.k
canhx`g esa mRlo
f[kM+fd;kas ij okkkZyki
dkjkxkj dk VsyhQksu
iqLrdksa dh deh
iqLrdksa dk oSkE;
iqLrdksa dk ifj.kke
vpkud Nkik iM+k
rqrh nhokj vkSj jkeckal dk dkaVk
dsoy i<+dj D;k djksxs
jktuhfrd bfrgklkkL=] jktuhfrd kklukkL= vkSj
jktuhfrd vFkZkkL=
fganqLFkku ls i=&O;ogkj vkSj lekpkj&izkfIr
eqag lhdj vR;kpkj
fkdk;r izdV dSls djsa
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
14-
15-
16-
gksrhyky dk i=
ckjh lkgc dk HkM+duk
ckjh ds Hkkk.k dh izfr/ofu
Lonskokfl;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS
fcYys ds ihNs i=
ijnslh Mkd
lekpkjksa dk ,d vkSj ekxZ
xks[kys dk fu/ku
ge ,d lkS ikap
1911 ds jkT;ksjksg.k lekjksg dh ijNkbZa
eqfDr dh vkkk
mRlo
vjfoan ckcw dk d`.k&nkZu
cM+s ckcw NwV x,
kqHk kdqu
dy dk fnu
vanekuh cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu
cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu
NksVk ckjh
ngh dk yksVk
:fpdj Hkkstu
jktcafn;ksa esa isVw
lCth esa lkai vkSj du[ktwjs
mkjnkf;Ro fganw isVh vQlj ij
vkRegR;k] /kj&idM+ ,oa nwljh&rhljh gM+rky
Toj ;k nLr dh nok gS D;k
jksx Hkh Hkksx gh izrhr gksrs
viekfur thou ls ej tkuk vPNk
mYykldj nk
ckjh ds lkFk }a};q}
og e/;k dk le;
mldk fuBqj lkStU;
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
10
ikxyiu dk <ksax
gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdus ij Hkh
vaxszth esa ugh] fganh esa cksyks
ukuh xksiky
vUu R;kx
Hkw[k gM+rky dk var
VsyhQksu [kRe rks VsyhxzkQ kq:
iBku ;k fganw
rhljh gM+rky dk var
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mkjk/kZ
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1- vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z

dkjkx`g ds ckgj py xazFkky;
2- vaneku esa kqf}
HkzVhdj.k dh izFke fof/k
eqlyekuksa dk fojks/k
kqf}dj.k [ksy ugha
Ifrrks}kj dh foksk vko;rk
cM+ksa dk cpiuk
vaneku esa kqf}
fganw ckyd dk vfHk;ksx
vki vU; yksxksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cukrs
rhoz vkSj [kjk vk{ksi
kqf} dk;Z dk izR;{k kqHkkjaHk
nks tuksa dk iqu% fganw cuok;k x;k
fganqvksa }kjk fganwdj.k dk fojks/k
lhyksuh bZlkbZ dh kqf}
caxkyh ckyd dks cpk;k
vc jksus dh ckjh eqlyekuksa dh
eqlyekuksa ds vR;pkj fujLr
[kku&iku ls fganw HkzV ugha gksrk
fganw canh dk vuku
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
11
os pus fganw D;ksa ugha cu tkrs

HkzVrk dk nksk uV fd;k
Ckkckjko ij vke.k
Tkux.kuk ds volj ij
fl[k Hkh fganw gh gSa
dke Vkyus dk cgkuk uekt
ckax vkSj ka[k dh izfrLi/kkZ
vR;kpkj ls /keZizpkj ugha
cfgdrkZvksa dh gh kqf}
3- ;wjksih; teZu egk;q}
xoZuj tujy ij ce
ykyk gjn;ky
lqjsanzukFk cutha
vaxsztksa ds nkekn ls ;q}
fookrkok lkL= izfrdkj
vU; yksxksa dks rks eqDr fd;k tk,
cafn;ksa dh yM+kbZ dh dYiuk
fganqLFkku dk ykHk nsf[k,
eqlyekuksa }kjk rqdhZ dh cM+kbZ
lezkV~ eqlyeku vkSj vk;Z cuk
ew[kZrk ds ihNs lqlaxfr
iqu% dke esa tqVk;k
,EMsu dk vkxeu
vaxsztksa dh n`<+rk] gekjk Hkksykiu
foi{k dh mfpr dYiuk gks
fujis{k lqK ;kstuk cukvks
foo dks vaneku dk ifjp;
4- vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dk jsyk
ml rsy us vlarksk dh vkx HkM+dkbZ
ijekuan us ckjh dks ekjk
ckjh ij xkfy;ka nsus dh ikacnh
>xM+s dh tM+ lkojdj
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
12
jkVfgr esa v&fojks/kh opu dk ikyu

nksukas lansg R;kT;
,d fnolh; fujis{k n;k Hkko
ckjh Vka;&Vka; fQLl
LokLF; fxj x;k
5- pkSFkh gM+rky rFkk fxjrk LokLF;
lkojdj ls Mjrs D;ksa gks
eqfDr ls Hkh D;k ykHk
ukeek= dh f}rh; Js.kh
vanekuh; i=ksa dk loZ= izpkj
fxM+fM+kus esa Hkh fuiq.k
ckjh grkk gks x;k
lR;kxzgh jkej{kk dh e`R;q
iqutZUe ysdj okil ykSVawxk
fujkk&grkk ykyk gjn;ky
6- e`R;q k;k ij
jktegy jksx u ns[ks
fcfYy;ksa dh yM+kbZ vkSj jkek;.k
ianzg fnu rks lq[k izkIr gksrk
rhuksa ca/kqvksa dk Hkjr&feyki
fodkj vkSj foosd dk }a}
eaMu feJ dh dksBjh
dkO; jpuk can
ckck dk nq%[kn nkZu
7- iatkc rFkk xqtjkr esa naxs
fu;ekuqlkj nafMr lSfud jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu vkSj
dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx tsy dehku ds lEeq[k oDrO;
nskHkfDr vkSj cqf} cy
cu x, taVyeSu
ckjh dh fuLi`grk
kafrdkjh vkSj i{kh
Ckkjh dh e`R;q
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
13
kki vkSj {kek

Bhd djusokys gh Bhd gks x,
fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh canhiky
dkjkx`g tkap lfefr
lp dgus dk vFkZ canhokl c<+kuk
eqfDr dk ekinaM
l/ks gq, rdZkq} mkj
dkjkokl dh O;oLFkk
8- lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dh eqfDr
9- vaneku esa fganh dk izpkj
dU;kvksa dks fganh ukxjh fk{kk
10- lok ckfyr dk fganw jkT;
lyke ugha] jke&jke
lHkh ij /kkd tekbZ
ihM+k vkSj vR;kpkj can
Hkaxh ds lkFk lgHkkst
yksdekU; dh e`R;q ij miokl
lHkk,a Hkh xqIr :i ls Hkjus yxha
jktcafn;ksa dk lEeku gksus yxk
o;Ldksa ds fy, Hkh fk{kk dh lqfo/kk
xazFkky; dk foLrkj
vf/kdkjh vkp;Zpfdr
fk{kk dh O;k[;k
ckck dh /kS;Zkhy ewfrZ
iRFkj dh nhokj vkf[kj VwVh
vijkf/k;ksa dk lgh mi;ksx
foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr] Loi{k dk fojks/k
yksdfgr esa yksdfiz;rk dk cfynku
vxzxkeh cuks
vfgalk dh ekaxfyd >a>k
izfrlgdkj
11- vaneku ds vafre fnu
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
14
ikcanh rksM+dj canh us igukbZ paik dh ekyk

ikxyksa ds fiatjs esa
12- nqfnZuksa dh iqujko`fk
lekpkj dh Hkkokatfy
ckjg okZ ckn ukfld vk;k
jRukfxjh dkjkxkj
vkRe?kkr dk vafre >Vdk
vlguh; nq%[k lguk gh gksxk
eSa&vlg;ksxh&lR; gekjk vknkZ ozr
jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa kqf}
jRukfxjh dkjkx`g esa naxk
cafn;ksa esa fk{kk&vkanksyu
rhu iqLrdsa izdkfkr
ckck dkjkeqDr
vaneku ds lg&dVHkksxh fe=ksa ls HkasV
;jonk esa kqf}dj.k
izFke jktuhfr] vU;Fkk lektdk;Z
eqfDr dh krksZ dk izk:Ik
13- vktUe dkjkokl dh vafre jkf=
14- fiz; ikBd!
ifjfkV&
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds dkjkx`g dh bfrgkl&nfkZdk
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esjk vkthou dkjkokl
15
izkLrfod
LotuL; fg nq%[kexzrksA
foo`k}kjfeoksi tk;rsAA
&dkfynkl
gekjs vanekuokys o`kkar rFkk ogka canhokl dks fuHkkrs le; Hkqxruh iM+h ;krukvksa dh dgkuh lquus ds fy, u dsoy egkjk"V esa vfirq
lewps fganqLFkku esa gekjs gtkjksa nskca/kqvksa us lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ mRlqdrk vkt rd le;≤ ij izdV dh gSA ml ij Hkh] ftu lq[k&nq%[kksa
dks geus Hkqxr fy;k] mudk fuosnu lqnksa ls djrs le; leku osnukvksa ls tfur vklqvksa ds dkj.k fLuX/k gksus okys e/kqj vkuan dk
vuqHko djus ds fy, gekjk n; gekjh eqDrrk ds {k.kksa ls LokHkkfod gh O;kdqy gksrk vk;k gSA
fQj Hkh vkt rd vaneku dh dgkuh gksBksa rd igqapus ij Hkh fdlh rjg gksaBksa ls ckgj ugha fudy jgh FkhA va/kdkj esa c<+uos kyh
fdlh daVhyh iq"iyrk dh Hkkafr mu vaf/k;kjs fnuksa dh ;kn mft;kjs dks ns[krs gh lw[kus yxrh] HkkSapDdk gks tkrhA
dHkh yxrk Fkk] D;k crkus ds mn~ns; ls og lc Hkqxr fy;k Fkk\ rks fQj mls funzk vfHku; dh dguk pkfg,A dHkh yxrk Fkk] gesa tks
;kruk,a Hkqxruh iM+ha mu ;krukvksa dks Hkqxrrs&Hkqxrrs tks yksx mu ;krukvksa ds fkdkj gks x,] mudks rks ?kj ykSVdj fiz;tuksa dks
vius os lq[k&nq%[k crkus dk Hkh larks"k ugha izkIr gqvkA os lkFkh vkt gekjs chp ugha gSa] ftuds lkFk ri dh tyu dks lg fy;k Fkk]
mudks NksM+dj lekjksg dh nkor ds idoku vdsys gh dSls [kk,a\ D;k ;g muds lkFk izrkM+uk ugha gksxh\
vkSj ge tSls dfri; euq";ksa ij vkt rd ,sls fodV ladVksa dk lkeuk djusokys vkku vk fxjs gSa vkSj vHkh Hkh blh izdkj ds
vFkok blls Hkh Hk;kud vkku vk fxjusokys gSaA bl thou&dyg ds uxkM+s ds dksykgy ds chp ge viuh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
16
bruh lh gyxh D;ksa ctkrs jgsa\

nq%[k ds xys esa vkksk dk <ksy rks dqnjr us gh yVdk fn;k gS] rkfd mls ctkdj og viuk ;FkklaHko euksjt
a u dj ldsA ckt us
fukkuk yxkrs gh fook gks mldh pkasp ds vanj gh Qalk gqvk iaNh& lgk;rk dh yskek= vkkk u gksrs gq, Hkh& tks LokHkkfod ph[
fudkyrk gS] ml ph[k ls ysdj] usiksfy;u dk ko lsaV gsfyuk ls isfjl ftls fnu yk;k x;k] ml fnu ,d iwjk&dk&iwjk jk"V vius
/otksa dks >qdk,] vius gtkjksa ok|ksa ls gtkjksa kksd &Loj rFkk fojg xhrksa dks xkrs gq, nq%[k vkSj vkksk dk tks izdVhdj.k dj jgk
Fkk&ml vkksk rd] ml jk"Vh; LqwfrZxku rd] ftruk Hkh izkf.kl`f"V dk vkksk gS] mruk lc vius&vius nq%[k dks loZKkr djus esa
eXu gksrk gSA vkksk nq%[k dk LoHkko gh gS] lks bl vuar varjky esa tks vuar ph[ksa vius&vius nq%[k dk cks> gydk djrh gqbZ
fopj.k dj jgh gS] muds e/; esjk nq%[k Hkh vfHkO;fDr dk lkal D;ksa u NksMs+ \ bl vuar varjky esa esjs Hkh vkksk ds fy, Lfkku
gksxkA ,slk lkspdj izofk dHkh&dHkh nq%[k dks ,dckjxh fuxyus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh Fkh] ijarq rHkh ifjfLFkfr mlds ikao [khapdj
mls ihNs <dsy nsrh FkhA
gekjh l|;%dkyhu ifjfLFkfr esa] gekjs vanekuokys vuqHko esa tks dqN crykus yk;d gS] ogh foks"k :i esa crk;k ugha tk ldrkA
ifjfLFkfr dh ifjf/k esa tks crk;k tk ldrk gS] og fcYdqy ijh lrg dk] [kks[kyk rFkk vis{kkd`r Jqnz yxrk gqvk] dgus esa dksbZ
:fp ugha vkSj tks dgus yk;d yxrk gS] mls ifjfLFkfr;ka dgus ugha nsrhA ,slh voLFkk esa dqN Hkh crkrs gq, dF; dk fp= jaxghu
rFkk lRoghu dj nsus dh vis{kk vHkh dqN Hkh us crk,aA tc og fnu vk tk,xk fd lkjh xw<+ vkdka{kk,a vfHkO;fDr gks ldsa] lkjh ewd
Hkkouk,a [kqysvke ckrsa dj lds] ml fnu tks dqN dguk gS] ;Fkk izek.k dg nsaxsA ;fn ,slk fnu bl ftanxh ds nkSjku fudydj ugha
vk;k] rks ugha dgsaxsa ;fn ml o`kkar dks txr us ugha lquk rks ml otg ls mldk egRo rks de ugha gksxk vFkok mldh rhozrk de
ugha gksxh] vFkok bl foo dh fojkV~ fnup;kZ esa og lc vulquk jgus ds dkj.k dksbZ cM+h :dkoV vkusokyh gS] ,slk Hkh ughaA ,slh
gekjh lksp FkhA
fpk dh ,slh nksyk;eku voLFkk esa vkt rd vaneku ds gekjs laLdj.k gekjs fiz; ca/kqvksa dks lqukus dk dke oSlk gh jg x;kA gekjs
ckn vaneku vkdj gekjs igys tks eqDr gq, Fks] ,sls dfri; jktuhfrd cafn;ksa us vius&vius vuqHkoksa dks izfl} fd;k& ,slk geus
ns[kkA vU;= Hkh o"kZ vFkok Ng eghuksa ds fy, tks dkjkx`g esa can Fks] ,sls yksxksa us Hkh muds vuqHkoksa rFkk mudh ;krukvksa dh dgkuh
dks le;%le;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
17
ij izfl} fd;k vkSj geus mls i<+ fy;kA ijaRkq ,sls vkRe&Le`fr dFku esa vkRe&yk?kk dh tks xa/k vfuok;Z :i esa vk tkrh gS] og
gekjs eu dks iqu%&iqu% ldqpk;k djrh Fkh vkSj fiz;tuksa ds ikl vius lq[k&nq%[kksa dks [kqys eu ls dg ls dg Mkyus dh izo`fk xr
rFkk ftl ladVksa ds ijkHko dh dgkuh crykus dk vkuan vuqHko djus ds fy, vR;ar mRlqd gksus ij Hkh ifjfLFkfr iqu%&iqu% ekxZ
vo:} dj nsrh FkhA
rFkkfi] tks dqN Hkh vk/kk&v/kwjk vFkok vYi&LoYi l|%dkyhu ifjfLFkfr dh ifjf/k esa crykus yk;d gksxk] mls rks vkidks dg nsuk gh
gksxk] gesa og Hkh lquus yk;d yxus okyk gS] bl izdkj dk vR;ar mRlqd] fu"iki rFkk izse;qDr vkxzg fo[;kr izdkku eaMfy;ksa ls
ysdj ikBkkyk ds cPpksa rd] lHkh vksj ls gesa vHkh Hkh yxkrkj gksrs jgrs gSaA bl dkj.k ,sls vkxzg dk vc lEeku u djuk ,d
rjQ ls fou; dk vfrjsd djds lkoZtfud euks Hkax djuk gksxk] ,slk gesa yxus yxk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa tks dqN cryk;k tk lds] og
gekjk vaneku dk o`kkar gS& ;g dg nsus dk fup; geus fd;k gSA lqlaxr o`kkar&dFku vlaHko gS] ;g rks tkfgj gSA vr% tks dqN
laf{kIr] VwVs&QwVs rFkk laca/kfofgu laLej.k ge crk ldsaxs] mUgha ds izfr ikBd larks" eku ys vkSj muds chp tks folaxfr;ka vFkok
vLi"Vrk gksxh] mls ifjfLFkfr dk nks"k ekudj dqN fnuksa ds fy, {kek dj nsaA
ge tkurs gSa fd ,sls o`kkar dk lkoZtfud mi;ksx cgqr cM+k gS ( ijarq dsoy o`kkar ls vf/kd ,slh nq?kZV ifjfLFkfr esa mfnr fopkjksa]
fodkjksa rFkk Hkkoukvksa dk bfrgkl foks"k euksjatd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk cks/kizn Hkh gksus ds dkj.k ge bu laLej.kksa esa mls vf/kd ego
nsus okys gSa( ijarq pwafd ;s laLej.k =qfVr gSa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dk og bfrgkl vLi"V] lwpd rFkk gyds&gyds :i esa gh crkuk csgrj
gksxkA vr% tc rd laiw.kZ rFkk lqlaxr dFku izfl} ugha gksrk] ikBd gekjs vaneku fLFkr thou ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh lk/kkj.k /kkj.kk u
cuk,aA ;|kfi bu laLej.kksa esa lkjh ckrsa dguk laHko ugha gS] fQj Hkh tks dqN crk;k tk,xk mls v{kjk% rFkk HkkokFkZk% ;FkkRkF;
crkus dk ;Ru vo; fd;k tk,xkA bl xzaFk esa fopkjksa] Hkkoukvksa rFkk ?kVukvksa dk tks o.kZu vk,xk] og lc ml le; mn~Hkwr
fopkj&Hkkoukvksa dk funkZd gksxk vkSj vkt mls ek= ,sfrgkfld :i esa gh i<+k tk,] ,slh ys[kd dh bPNk gSA
& fonk- lkojdj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
iwokZ/kZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
21
izdj.k &1
cacbZ fLFkr Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g
vki ij ipkl o"kZ ds naM dkys ikuh dk naM ykxw gks x;k gS gsx12 ds varjkZ"Vh; U;k;y; us dgk gS fd *vaxsztksa dks vkidks kal ds
gkFkksa lkSaiuk gh pkfg, FkkA* ,slk dBksj fu.kZ; ugha fn;k tk ldrk gSA** eq>s a a a a a a aus dgkA
**Bhd gS] eSa dHkh gsx ds Hkjksls jgk gh ugha FkkA ijarq D;k eq>s gsx dk fu.kZ; ns[kus dks feysxk\**
**;g esjs ok esa ugha gSA vkids fy, tks laHko gS] og eSa d:axkA fQj Hkh ge vtufc;ksa dks Hkh foy djusokyk lekpkj vkius ftl
/khjt ls lquk] og esjh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj jgsxk] ,slk ugha yxrkA** os lTtu NviVkrs gq, cksysA ** ,slk FkksM+s gh gS fd ;g bl rjg
ds lekpkj eq>s Hk;adj ugha yxrs] ijarq igys ls gh le>&cq>dj bl ladV dk lkeuk djus ds ladYi ls Hkjs gksus ds dkj.k gekjk
eu dBksj gks x;k gSA ;fn vki Hkh esjh fLFkfr esa gksrs rks blh foosd ds cy ij ,slk gh /khjt j[k ikrsA vkidh lgk;rk ds izfr eS a
vkHkkjh gwaA**
brus esa gh fdlh ds vkus dh vkgV gqbZA og lTtu >V ls esjh dksBjh ds vkxs ls fudy nwljh fnkk dh vksj vius dke ls pyrs
cusA eSa viuh dksBjh esa ihNs ljddj [kM+k jgkA eu esa kCn xwat jgs Fks&*ipkl o"kZ*A
rHkh os yksx vk x,] ftuds vkus dh vkokt vkbZ FkhA vf/kdkjh us }kj [kksydj eq>s Hkkstu ijkslok;kA gsx dk fu.kZ; vkus rd eq>s
cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu ;k osk ugha fn;k x;k Fkk( D;ksafd dnkfpr~ rc rd ljdkjh vknsk ugha vk;k gksxkA
Hkkstu djrs le; eSaus gsrqiwoZd gh vPNs inkFkZ ugha [kk, rks vkf/kdkjh us iwNk] **D;ksa] jko lkgc] vkt [kkrs D;ksa ugha\**
**[kk rks jgk gwa] ijarq ogh O;atu [kk jgk gwa tks lHkh cafn;ksa dks feyrs gSaA
;g fu.kZ; 24 Qjojh ds fnu ?kksfkr fd;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
22
dkSu tkus] dy mUgha cafn;ksa ds lkFk eq>s Hkh dke djus tkuk iM+s] dgk ugha tk ldrkA lnUu dHkh feysxk] dHkh ughaA gka ijarq dnUu
rks lnSo lkFk gksxkA mlls fe=rk fpjdky rd mi;ksxh gksxhA** eSaus galrs gq, dgkA
vf/kdkjh us mrkoysiu ls dgk] **ugha&ugha] ,slk ugha gksxkA vki kal ykSV tk,axs] ,slk vknsk Hkh vk pqdk gS] ,slk eSaus lquk gSA vki
cafn;ksa esa dke djsaxs\ jko lkgc] bZoj ,slk dHkh ugha djsxkA**
brus esa ,d flikgh Hkkxrk gqqvk vk;k vkSj cksyk]**goynkjth] lkgc vkrk gSA** /kM+ke ls njoktk can gks x;kA Hkkstu ijkslrs gq, os
yksx vkxs fudy x,A lqifjVsaMsV vk;k vkSj fu;ekuqlkj ijarq lgkuqHkwfr kCnksa esa eq>ls cksyk]**vkxs ls vkidks canh ds diM+s rFkk vUu
feysxkA vkidk ipkl o"kZ dk naM vkt ls ykxw gks x;k gSA**
eSa mBk] vius ?kjsyw diM+s mrkj fn,] canh ds diM+s ys fy;s vkSj iguus yxkA eu dkai x;kA ;s oL=&canh ds oL=] tks vkt kjhj
ij p<+ jgs gSa& vc fQj dHkh mrjusokys ugha gSA bUgha diM+ksa esa esjh vjFkh fudysxhA /kqa/kys ls fopkj a a a a a fdarw eu mnkl lk gks
x;kA lqifjVasMsaV ;wa gh dqN b/kj m/kj dh ckr dj jgk FkkA mlds laokn esa eu dks cykr~ my>k;kA
brus esa flikgh us ,d yksgs dk fcYyk ykdj gkFk esa fn;kA ;gh og *ekad* gS tks izR;sd canh dh Nkrh ij >qyrk gSA ml fcYys ij
canh dh eqfDr dk fnukad vafdr gksrk gSA esjk eqfDr fnukad! eq>s eqfDr Hkh gS D;k\ e`R;q gh esjh eqfDr dk fnukad gSA dqN ftKklk]
dqN fujkkk] dqN fouksnfefJr Hkko ls eSaus ml fcYys dh vksj ns[kkA eqfDr dk o"kZ Fkk&lu~ 1960! Iy Hkj ds fy, mldk dqN Hkh vFkZ
mtkxj ugha gqvkA iy&nks iy esa gh mlesa fufgr Hk;adj vFkZ mtkxj gks x;kA naM lu~ 1910 esa vkSj lu~ 1960 esa!
a a a a a us fueZe O;aX; ls dgk] **dksbZ fpark ughaA n;kyw ljdkj vkidks lu~ 1960 esa vo; eqDr dj nsxhA**
eSaus migkl esa dgk] **ijarq e`R;q vf/kd n;kyw gSA mlus eq>s blds iwoZ gh eqDr dj fn;k gks\** nksuksa gh galsA og lgt galk vkSj eSa
iz;RuiwoZd galkA lqifjVsaMsaV dqN vkSj ppkZ ds ckn pyk x;kA lc yksx pys x,A eSa uhps cSBk ks"k jgs ge nksuksa&eSa vkSj esjk naMA
vdsys ml mnkl dksBjh esa ,d&nwljs dk lkeuk djrs gq,] ,d&nwljs dk eqag ns[krs gq,A
blds vkxs ml fnu dh dgkuh rFkk n; esa eph [kycpyh geus *lIrf"kZ
ds ;g 514 eafDr;ksa dh dofr ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;* esa lkrosa [kaM esa izdkfkr dh xbZ gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
23
dfork ds iwokZ/kZ esa mlh iqLrd esa izdkfkr dh gSA

nwljk fnu
** ikS QV xbZ gSA** teknj us vkdj dgk]** ;|fi vkidh ltk izkjaHk gks xbZ gS rFkkfi vkidks iwoZ dh Hkkafr gh izkr% O;k;ke ds fy,
lSj djus uhps yk;k tk,] lkgc us dgk gSA**
eSa O;k;ke ds fy, uhps mrjk rks b/kj esjh dksBjh dh [kkst&[kkstdj rykkh yh xbZA esjh iqLrdsa rFkk esjk lEeku uhps ys tk;k x;kA
flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa Mksaxjh tsy ds e/; pkSd esa eSa /khjs /khjs Vgy jgk FkkA vc esjs cSfjLVjh oL=ksa ds Lfkku ij os [kqjnjs eksVs oL= Fks
tks lk/kkj.k canh ds kjhj ij gksrs gSaA bu oL=ksa esa cSfjLVj dSls yxrs gSa&bl dkSrwgy ls cgqrsjs vkSj okLrfod laosnuk ls FkksM+s vusd
yksx :X.kky; ls] jkLrs ls] f[kM+fd;ksa ls] fdlh&u&fdlh dke ds cgkus ogka vkrs tkrs eq>s ns[k jgs FksA Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g e/; cLrh
esa gS& ,slk yxrk gS] D;kasfd vkl&ikl FkksMh+ nwj ij aph aph bekjrsa rfkk ?kj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA m/kj O;k;ke djrs le; mu bekjrksa
vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa ds ikl L=h&iq:"kksa dh HkhM+ yx tkrh vkSj os rc rd vkil esa [kqlj&iqlj djrs jgrs tc rd eSa viuk O;k;ke
lekIr dj ogka ls pyk ugha tkrkA iqfyl dk vka[k cpkdj eSa Hkh dHkh dHkh muds iz.kke Lohdkj dj izfr&iz.kke djrkA eu esa
mudk og iwT;Hkko ns[kdj dHkh vPNk yxrk] ij dHkh a a a a ,sls fopkj vkrsA ,d fnu eq>s lkeus ds ?kj ds ,d fuoklh dks iqfyl
}kjk /kedkus dk lekpkj feykA
esjs dkj.k nwljksa dks d"V u gks] blfy, rc eSa ;FkklaHko vka[ks uhph djds Vgyrk FkkA bl O;k;ke ds le; eqag ls ;ksxlw= dk ikB
djrk vkSj blds ipkr~ mlds ,d&,d lw= ij fopkj djrs gq, mldh Nkuchu djrkA vkt Hkh fuR; ekuqlkj blh rjg ds fopkjksa
esa my>k gqvk eSa O;k;ke dj jgk FkkA brus esa ,d goynkj us&ftls esjs fy, gh fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk&crk;k] **le; iwjk gks x;k gS]
pfy,A** eSa lhf<+;ka p<+rk ij viuh dksBjh esa vk x;kA ijarq tks fopkj dj jgk Fkk mlh esa my>kk gksus ls oSls gh cSBk jgkA ml
fueXurk esa dkQh le; O;rhr gqvk fd iqu% njoktk [kM+dk vkSj goynkj us Hkhrj izosk fd;kA mlds lkFk ,d canh Fkk] ftlds flj
ij ,d xBjh FkhA lksprs&lksprs esjk fpk kkar gks x;k vkSj eSa iy Hkj ds fy, mlh rjg vka[ksa [kksys fufpr cSBk jgkA bls ns[k
goynkj us dgk]
;g canhxzg cacbZ esa gh Mksaxjh mej[kkM+h bykds esa FkkA vc bl dkjkx`g esa nks ls lksyg okZ ds vijk/kh cPpksa dks lq/kkj ds fy, j[kk
tkrk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
24
**jko lkgc] fpark er djksA bZoj vkids ;s fnu Hkh ikj djsxkA vki ij iM+s ladV dk Hkxoku~ lk{kh gSA esjs ifjokj ds yksxksa dh Hkh
vk[ksa Hkj vkbZA ijarq eSaus xoZ ls lHkh dks vkoLr fd;k fd bl ladV esa Hkh os ugha Mxexk,axsA fQj ;g D;kA vki fpark er
dhft,A**
mlds bl ln~HkkoukiwoZd le>kus dk ifj.kke ,dne foijhr gqvkA fpark djus yk;d dqN ?kfVr gqvk gS] bldk eq>s Li"V Lej.k gks
x;kA eu esa ,d pqHku lh gqbZA eSaus iwNk] **;g cks>k fdlfy,\** goynkj us galus dh ps"Vk djrs gq, dgk]** dqN ugha] cl ;wa ghA
dkuwuh rkSj ij dqN&u&dqN dke rks nsuk gh gSA vkils ftruk cus dhft,]mldh dksbZ fpark ugha gSA**
mlus ml cks>s dks uhps mrkjkA mls [kksyk vkSj mlds VqdM+s VqdM+s fd,A fQj eq>s fn[kk;k fd fdl fdl rjg mls Bksd&/kqudj
mldh jLlh cukbZ tkrh gSA Rkks fQj ;g gS&lJe dkjkoklA
txr~ dk fi"Vis"k.k
gwa&pyks] djks bldk lkeukA cl] ukfj;y dh tVk,a gh rks dwVuh gSa u! gka js] ikxy euqvk! Hkyk blesa vksNkiu dSlk\ blls D;k
thou O;FkZ tkrk gS\ HkbZ] thou Lo;a gh d fi"Vis"k.k gSA iapegkHkrksa dks fupksM+] cVdj thou dh ;g jLlh cVuh gS] ckj&ckj rarqvksa
dks yack djrs jguk vkSj var esa e`R;q ds eksxjs ls dwVdj iqu% tVk,a cukdj iapegkHkwrksa ds <sj esa mUgsa feyk nsukA
izkr% ds ipkr~ la/;k] la/;k ds ipkr~ iqUk% losjk&lHkh fi"Vis"k.k A ouLifr [kk&[kkdj thuk] thrs thrs ej tkuk] ejrs gh ml
vfLFk&ekal dks ouLifr [kk tk,&lHkh fi"Vis"k.kA rstkes/kk dh lw;Zekyk] lw;Zekyk dh i`Foh] bl /kjk ds fdlh iqPNy rkjs ls Vdjkus
Hkj dh nsjh gS fd iqUk% rstkses/k&lHkh fujFkZd! Mlh izdkj mlh dk vkSj mlh ds ,d vko;d ,oa vifjgk;Z vVy fgLls ds :i esa
cuh&cukbZ ca/kh gqbZ jLlh [kksydj mls dwVuk&;g gS gekjk fi"Vis"k.kA ;fn og egku fi"Vis"k.k egoiw.kZ gks] dqN vlgefr j[krk gks]
;fn mlesa thou fujFkZd u gks] rks ;g Hkh ,d NksVk lk fi"Vis"k.k drZO; gh gS] D;ksafd ml egku~ fi"Vis"k.k dk ;g Hkh ,d vifjgk;Z
vax gSA dkj.k og ?kV jg gSA
eSa tVkvksa dks dwVus yxkA goynkj vkSj og canh ;g ns[kus ogha [kM+s jgs fd eSa ;g dke dj ldrk gwa ;k ugha] vkSj esjk eu cgykus
ds fy, os b/kj m/kj dh xIisa gkadus yxs&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
25
^êgkjkt] vkidks ;g Kkr ugha gksxk] tc fryd 5 vkSj vkxjdj dks naM gqvk Fkk tc mUgsa blh dksBjh esa j[kk x;k FkkA os tc
vkil esa cgl djrs rc tksj tksj ls cksyus yxrsA rc dHkh dHkh mUgsa psrkouh nsuh iM+rh fd /khjs cksyksA**
**ij os vkidh ckr lqurs Fks ;k myVs vki ij gh rfud >qa>ykrs] ij fQj /kheh vkokt esa cfr;kus yxrs vFkok pqi gks tkrsA vkSj os
okbZ ds i=dkj&gka&gka] ogh tks vki dg jgs gSa& o`} ysys& tks dqcM+s Fks] os Hkh ;gha ij lk/kkj.k canh FksA mudh cqf} cM+h dYiukkhy
FkhA b/kj [kVeyksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ FkhA ysys cgqr >qa>ykrsA oL= feyrs] mUgksaus muesa ls ,d eghu ijarq l?ku pknj fudkyh vkSj os
mldh] tSls rfd;s dh cukrs gSa] vkPNknu dh [kksy lhus yxsA geus ;wa gh iwNk]*kkL=hth] ;g D;k flykbZ dj jgs gSa \ lkgc fcxM+sxkA*
mUgksaus dgk]*Bgjks tjk vkSj ns[krs tkvks eSaus bu [kVeyksa ds fy, ,d jkeck.k vkS"kf/k <wa< fudkyh gSA vkidks Hkh nsrk gwaA** pan ?kaVksa
esa [kksy rS;kj gks xbZ vkSj ns[krs ns[krs og ckeu mlesa ?kql x;k] tSls rkudj lks, rks rc mBs tc geus gh losjs njoktk
[kV[kV[kk;kA rc ls etky gS fd ,d [kVey us dHkh mUgsa lrk;k gksA fnu esa ml FkSyh dks myVh djds os mls /kwi esa j[krs vkSj jkr
esa mlesa ?kqldj [kjkZVs HkjrsA**
**fryd] vkxjdj ds lkFk os ;gka Fks] mlds ckn Hkh dHkh b/kj jgs D;k\** dksBjh esa FksA ,d fnu [kVeyksa us mudk ygw pwl pwldj
jkr Hkj mudh uhan gjke dj nhA eSaus losjs }kj [kksyk] ns[kk rks fryd [kVeyksa dk fkdkj djus esa O;Lr gSaA eSaus iwNk] *D;ksa egkjkt]
Bhd rks gSa u vki! *os kkafr ds lkFk eqLdqjkrs gq, cksys] *Bhd rks gwa teknkj] dsoy dy jkr Hkj vka[k ugha yxhA rfud Hkhrj rks
vkb,] nsf[k, vkids ;s ikyrw dhM+sA* eSaus ns[kk] rks [kVeyksa dh iafDr;ka Hkhr ij tk jgh FkhA *ijaRkq rkR;k lkgc] ;g tks jktuhfrd
dk;Z vkius gkFk esa fy;k gS] og lQy gksxk D;k\**
goynkj vkkfn yksx pys x,A iqUk% eSa vkSj esjk naM nksuksa vkeus lkeus ,d nwljs ls ifjfpr gksus ds fy, [kM+s jgsA
;g ifjp; iwjk gksrk x;kA vc dksbZ lansg ks"k ugha jgkA vkkk ugha Fkh]
bl dksBjh esa vc yksdekU; fryd dk fp= j[kdj ogka mudk Lekjd cuk;k x;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
26
rFkkfi ;g laHkkouk Fkh & dnkfpr~ gsx ds fu.kZ; ls eqfDr laHko gks& ij vc og lekIr gks xbZA vc ;g fufpr gS fd laiw.kZ thou
blh rjg dh fdlh dksBjh esa lM+rk jgsxkA rks fQj\ bldk Hkh lkeuk djuk gksxk] vkSj D;k\
ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gS
esjs bl d"Ve; gsrqiwoZd Lo;a ij fxjk, x, ladV :ih ioZr ds uhps filrs thou esa ;fn dksbZ ,d fu;e vfrk; dVq ijarq
fgrlk/kd fl} gqvk gS] rks og ;g fd lnSo ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gksA mldk MVdj lkeuk djus ds fy, ekufld rS;kjh djukA
ftu ftu O;fDr;ksa dk tUe vR;ar foijhr nsk] dky vkSj ifjfLFkfr esa gqvk gks] fQj Hkh tks mlls Hka;dj la?k"kZ dj] mls ijkftr
dj] mldh Nkrh ij [kM+s gksdj fdlh uo;qx dk] fdlh egku~ /;s; dk lqizHkkr ns[kuk pkgrs gksa] mUgsa *izfrdwy gh cgq/kk ?kfVr gks xk*]
;g x`ghr dj mldk lkeuk djuk pkfg,A mUgsa fu;e ls gykgy ihuk gh pkfg,A ,slk n`<+ fup; djds fd izfrdwy gh gksxk vkSj eSa
vius izk.kksa dh ckth yxkdj mldk lkeuk d:axkA ;fn dnkfpr~ vuqdwy ckr gqbZ rks mlesa bruh Hkh gkfu ugha gksxh] izR;qr vuqdwyrk
dk og vkuan f}xqf.kr gksrk gSA gka] ;fn eu esa ;gh vkl] ;gh ykylk jgh fd tks vuqdwy gS ogh gksuk pkfg, vkSj dqN izfrdwy gks
tk,] bl vlgk; ih<+h esa tUe ysusokyksa ds thou esa ;gh vf/kd laHko gS] rks fQj vpkud VwVs fujkkvksa ds bl igkM+ ds uhps gekjk
ftl ih<+h dks iz;klksa ds e`r ljksoj ds fo"kkDr iznsk ls ekxZ dk vfre.k djuk gks] mls izfrdwyrk :ih yksgs ds pus pckdj mUgsa
gte djus dk vH;kl djuk gh gksxkA
nk:.k vk?kkr
ijarq tks izfrdwy gS ogh ?kfVr gksxk] ;g ekudj pyus dh FkksM+h vknr vkSj kfDrokys esjs eu ij ,dk,d bruk Hk;adj vk?kkr gqqvk
fd ewPNkZ vk tk,A eSa tc yanu esa idM+k x;k Fkk1 rHkh eSaus le> fy;k Fkk fd vaneku esa iPphl lky xqtkjus iMs+xsA eklsZfyll es a
eSa fQj ls rc idM+k x;k2 tc lkjk fkf{kr txr~ dg jgk Fkk
15 ekpZ] 1910
2- 8 tqykbZ] 1910
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
27
fd eq>s kal dks ykSVk fn;k tk,xk& ,slk os fufprrk ls dg jgs Fks& fQj Hkh eSaus eku fy;k Fkk fd vf/kdrj Qkalh p<+uk gksxkA ijarq
var esa nksuksa gh fujkkvksa dks >qBykdj ,d rhljh fujkkk vpkud vk /kedh] tks ,d izdkj ls bu nksuksa ls Hkh egkHk;adj Fkh& ipkl
o"kZ dk naM1A bl rjg dh mnkl ,dkar dksBjh esa vdsys thou xqtkjuk&vdsys ,d&,d ?kaVk fxurs gq, thou fcrkuk! Bhd gS&;gh
gksxkA
*gsx* dk fu.kZ; gksus ls igys gh iPphl o"kZ dSls fudkywaxk] bldk ,d eukse; fp= cuk;k FkkA mlesa tks eki fufPkr fd;k Fkk vc
ogh nqxquk djuk gSA bu iPphl o"kksZ esa bl vlgk;] fu%lk/ku rFkk fu:Rlkgh fotu canhokl esa Hkyk ,slk dkSu lk deZ fd;k tk
ldrk gS] ftlds viZ.k }kjk ekr`Hkwfe dk _.k vYi] LoYi ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] gydk gks vkSj ekuotkfr dh dqN foks"k
lsok gks ldsA jkys ls ysdj dks] ftlus *fiyfxzEl izksxzsl* fy[kk&ys[ku&lkexzh feyrh FkhA e>s isafly dk vk/kk bap VqdM+k ikl j[kuk
Hkh euk FkkA fQj LVsM ljh[ks canh dh rjg mu fo"k;ksa ij ys[k fy[kus dk uke gh ugha ysuk pkfg,] ftUgsa v[kckjksa esa fu:inzoh
le>k tkrk FkkA ml dksBjh esa] ftlesa eq>s j[kk x;k Fkk] iaNh rd ij ugha ekj ldrk Fkk] fQj izpkj dh ckr gh D;k djuk~ ! dkxt
dk VqdM+k j[kuk Hkh
tgka vijk/k le>k tkrk gks] ogka ys[ku! Dye f?kluk loZFkk vlaHko gh Fkk] Lo;a gh iBu }kjk Kku&izkfIr
vkSj Hkwyh&fcljh ,dk/k iqLrd dHkh&dHkkj gkFk yx tk, rks ek= i<+dj lafpr fd;k gqvk Kku ml Qyghu o`{k vFkok tykk; esa
tylaxzg dh rjg gh O;FkZ gksxk] ftlds ty ls gtkjksa rks D;k] ,dk/k I;kls dh r`".kk dk Hkh keu ugha gksrk] vFkok u gh
vUuksRiknu ls {kq/kk dk keu gksrk gSA ftUgksaus egku~ rFkk mi;qDr dk;Z fd;s gSa] esjs leku dkjkokl rks muesa ls fdlh ,d dks Hkh
ugha Hkqxruk iM+kA ,sls bl dBksj lk/kughu canhokl esa Hkyk eSa dkSu lk dk;Z dj ldrk gwa& ;g fodV leL;k FkhA
egkdkO;
/kqj cpiu ls gh ,d bPNk Fkh fd ejkBh esa ,d egkdkO;2 fy[kk tk,A D;k] fdl rjg] bruk gh ugha vfirqq eq>s bl ckr dk Hkh
fufPkr Kku ugha Fkk fd
7
1- igys iPphl okksZa dk naM 14 fnlacj] 1910 ds fnu vkSj nwljk iPphl okksZa dk naM 30 tuojh] 1911 ds fnu fn;k x;kA
2- lkojdj jfpr dfork nl lg iafDr;ksa ls vf/kd dh gSA lkojdj lexz lkfgR; ds lkrosa [kaM esa ;g dfork fo|eku gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
28
egkdkO; gksrk D;k gS\ ij fy[kwaxk] ;g fufp; FkkA ml NqViu ls vkt rd ;g bPNk lkyrh jgh FkhA deZ{ks= ds ?keklku esa ;|fi
;g euh"kk eu ls vks>y gks pqdh Fkh rFkkfi dkjkx`g dh ,dkar dksBjh dh bl kkar /kwfy ij ysVrs gh ;g bPNk iqu% n`f"Vxkspj gksus
yxhA bl dksBjh esa dBksj ifjJe djrs gq, Hkh de ls de jkf= esa vdsys iM+s jgus ij ckh u nh ;k dkxt&isafly dk VqdM+k ikl u
j[kus fn;k] rks Hkh ,dk/k dkO; dh jpuk laHko gSA eu&gh&eu dfork jp] daBLFk dj vius Le`fr&i= ij gh mls fy[krk x;k rks bl
ij rks dksbZ izfrca/k ugha yxk ldrkA orZeku dh bl vR;ar funZ; lk/kughurk esa Hkh ;g dk;Z djuk rks laHko gS ghA vkSj;fn bl
rjg eSa ,dk/k dkO; jp ldk rks bl canhokl ls dHkh eqDr gksus ij] vkSj ;fn eqfDr ugha Hkh feyh rks Hkh viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds pj.kksa esa
;g ,d uoksigkj viZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA bruk dk;Z Hkh de ugha gSA
fQj rc rd ;g ,d dk;Z rks dk;kZfUor d:a tc rd mlls egRoiw.kZ dksbZ vU; dk;Z laHkouh;rk dh d{kk esa ugha vk jgkA cl] r;
gks x;k iPphl o"kksZa esa ,d egkdkO; dh jpuk djukA ;g ns[kdj fd ;fn gsx dk fu.kZ; foijhr gks x;k rks canhkkyk esa gkFkksa ls
dBksj ifjJe djrs&djrs gh ,slk izrhr gks x;k fd vU; fdlh Hkh lk/ku ds vHkko esa ;g ,d dk;Z rks laHko gSA ;g ns[kdj eu
dh dk;Zfiiklk kkar gks xbZ lh yxhA NviVkgV Fke xbZA gsx dk fu.kZ; foijhr fl} gks x;kA iPphl o"kksZa ds ctk; vdfYir Hk;adj
naM gqvk_ ipkl o"kZ] rFkkfi ogh dk;Ze fufpr fd;kA bruk gh ugha] ;g ns[kdj fd vaxhd`r egku~ /;s; dh flf} ds fy, ,slh
fuLlgk; ,oa fujkk voLFkk esa Hkh bruk dqN rks fd;k gh tk ldrk gS vkSj vHkh rks dqN ,slk djuk laHko gS] ftlls ;g thou
d`rkFkZ gks ldrk gS] eu dh mnklh dqN de gks xbZA ,slk izrhr gqvk fd fuf"; foQyrk ds Hk; dk cks> gydk gks x;kA vkrqj eu
us ;g x.kuk Hkh dj yh fd izfrfnu de&ls&de nl ls chl dforkvksa dh jpuk vkSj iqjkus gj laLdj.k ds lkFk daBLFk djus dk e
j[kk tk,] rks ,d ;k vk/kk yk[k egkdkO; dh jpuk djuk laHko gSA rks fQj kqHkL; kh?kze~& vkt gh gks tk, Jhx.kskA izFke Jh
xq:xksfoUnflag dk pfj= xkuA
Jh xksfoUnflag dk pfj=
D;ksafd xksfoanflag gqrkRekvksa ds eqdqV ef.k FksA egku~ ;k ls eafMr egkiq:"k jktizklknksa ds lqo.kZ dykksa tSls rstLoh fn[krs gh gSaA ijarq
vkt mudk pfj=
8
fl[kksa ds nlosa /keZxq:] var 7 vDVqcj] 1808] êwfrZ nqth rh* bl dfork dk uke gS] blesa xq: xksfoanflag ds fk; ohjcank dk o.kZu
fd;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
29
c[kkuus esa] muds ;kksxku djus ls eq>s mruh kkafr ugha fey ldrh] myVs esjs flj iM+h vlQyrk dh rhozrk vf/kd d"Vizn gks
ldrh gSA vkt esjk /;s; ;kkse;h jktizklkn ds iSjksa rys xgjkbZ esa nch vi;k dh ml uhao dk fparu djuk gSA blhfy, vkt eq>s
xq: xkfoanflagth dh vlQyrk dh xkFkk xkuh gS] *pedkSj* nqxZ ls iyk;u djrs le; ftudk laiw.kZ ijkHko gks x;k gS] ftuds
ekrk&firk] iRuh&iq=, iwjs ifjokj dk loZukk gks x;k gS] ftuds fk";ksa us muds izfr kiFkiwoZd mBkbZ fu"Bk mUgha ds flj QksM+k] fQj
Hkh bl ujdsljh us nq%[k dk gykgy fdlh vi;k dk :nz ljh[kk vorkj /kkj.k dj ipk fy;kA xksfoanflaagth dk ;gh vi;k vkt
esjs Hk;adj nq%[k rFkk ijkt; dk es:naMor~ vk/kkj cusxkA ;gh esjh ih<+h ds vi;k] nq%[k vkSj ijkt; dh xgjh uhao ij Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa
ds ;kizklkn [kM+s djsxkA
Hkkoukvksa ds ehukj ij vk:<+ gksdj esjk eu lqnwj n`; ns[kus esa rYyhu gks jgk Fkk&vkSj esjs gkFk ukfj;y dh eksVh&eksVh tVk,a
rksM+us] dwVus esa] mUgsa lqy>kus esa O;Lr FksA izfrfnu ds fy, fufpr nl&ianzg vk;kZ ejkBh Nan cu pqdh Fkkh&tVk,a lqy>kuk Hkh
lekIr gks pqdkA gkFk fNy x, Fks] Nkys iM+ x, Fks] ftuls ygw fjlus yxk FkkA blckr dk eq>s Lej.k ugha fd gsx ds fu.kZ; ds ipkr~
Mksaxjh ds canhx`g esa eSa fdrus fnu iM+k jgkA izkr%dky mBuk] O;k;ke ds fy, Vgyrs gq, eq[kksn~xr ;ksxlw=ksa dk ikB djuk] muesa ls
vuqe ls izR;sd ij fopkj djuk] fQj dBksj ifjJe ds rkSj ij tks dBksj dke feys og djuk] mls djrs djrs gh eu esa nl&ckjg
ubZ dforkvksa dh jpuk vkSj iqjkuh daBLFk dforkvksa dh vko`fk ds ipkr~ Hkkstu djukA Hkkstu ls fuiVdj tsy can gksus ds ckn
loZ= kkafr Nk tkus ij /;ku /kkj.kk dk vH;kl djuk] mlds ipkr~ jkr ukS cts rd lks tkukA uhan cgqr xk<+h tk tkrhA ,dkar
dksBjh esa bl rjg dk dk;Ze pyrkA dHkh dHkh *izo`fkfp;s jktfcanhaA iq<ka cks/kfp;s izfrinhaA foosd n`;kaph ekanh lkjhr* 9 & bl
izdkj foosd n`;ksa ds >qaM nwj djus dk iz;kl djrs gq, Hkh fpark rFkk m}sx vpkud /kj ncksprs] ftlls ne ?kqVus yxrkA ,slk yxrk]
vius ihNs vius dk;Z dk D;k gksxk a a a a;fn a a a fQj ;s d"V Hkh a a a aijarq eu dk larqyu fQj ls laHkkyukA
lj gsujh dkWVu
,d fnu tsy esa ;g gYyk gqvk fd esjs dkj.k fdlh cM+s lkgc dh iasku can dh xbZ gSA ;g D;k izdj.k gS \ dqN fnu ipkr~ *dsljh*
dk ,d VqdM+k vpkud
Kkusojh v/;k; 18] vksoh 1069&70A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
30
dky dksBjh esa esjs gkFk yx x;kA mlds }kjk bl okkkZ dk rF; FkksM+k le> esa vk;kA yanu esa uwru o"kZ ds miy{; esa ogka ds
Hkkjrh; yksxksa }kjk ,d xks"Bh vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA ml le; lHkk dh fHkfk ij esjh ,d cM+h lh rLohj yxkbZ xbZ FkhA xks"Bh ds
iz/kku vfrfFk lj gsujh dkWVu tSls tkus ekus lTtu us esjh rLohj dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, lkgl] nskHkfDr dh vR;qRdVrk vkkfn dqN
x.kksa dh izkalk dh Fkh vkSj blds fy, [ksn Hkh O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd ,sls xq.klaiUu uo;qod dk thou ek= iPphl o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh
bl izdkj u"V gks jgk gSA mUgksaus ;g vkkk Hkh O;Dr dh Fkh fd de&ls&de gsx dk mPpre U;k;y; er&Lora=rk ds vf/kdkjksa dks u
dqpydj eq>s kal okil Hkstus dk fu.kZ; djsxkA lj gsujh lkgc ds bl Hkk"k.k ls gh laiw.kZ vaxszth lekt ckS[kyk x;kA lkojdj ds
fy, lgkuqHkwfr dk iznkZu! Hkys gh og fuankxfHkZr D;ksa u gks] ysfdu Fkh rks lgkuqHkwfr ghA fdlh us dgk] bl gsujh dkWVu dh *lj* ds
dkWVu kCn ds vk/kkj ij lkojdj us ;g mRd`"V O;aX; jpuk dh gS& dkWVu ekus dikl] ljdh ekus fcukSyk& vFkkZr~ dkWVu dk
fcUkkSyk fudky MkyksA fdlh us dgk] mldh iasku can djksA vkf[kj pk; dh I;kyh ds bl rwQku ds >ksads ds lkFk gh jk"Vh; lHkk dk
lkojdj rFkk muds vuxkfe;ksa ds iFk ls fdlh izdkj dk laca/k rks nwj] jkh Hkj lgkuqHkwfr Hkh ugha gSA *dsljh* ds ftl VqdM+s es a eSaus
;g o`kkar i<+k Fkk] mlh esa dsljhokyksa us ,d&nks fVIi.kha fy[kdj lj gsujh lkgc dk cpko djus dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA *dsljh* ds ys[k
esa esjk ukefunsZk ,dopuh lacks/ku ls fd;k gqvk ns[kdj eq>s eu&gh&eu vkp;Z gqvkA *lj lkgc] ;g lkojdj dkSu \ dkyk ;k
xksjk] ;g Hkh ugha tkursA* ,slk okD; lj gsujh dkWVu ds leFkZu esa fy[kk FkkA *dsljh* ljh[ks i= dks Hkh ml ifjfLFkfr esa ;g fy[kuk
iM+kA ijaRkq ml le; viuk fujijk/kRo rFkk fk"Vro izLFkkfir djus ds fy, fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd laLFkk vFkok O;fDr ds fy, lkojdj
dks ?kksj vijk/kh dguk vkSj ml uke dk vfk"Vrk ls ,dopuh rw&rM+kd miinksa ls mYys[k djuk ,d veks?k lk/ku cu x;k FkkA
baXySaM esa ,d vaxszt vf/kdkjh gekjk xkSjoiwoZd mYys[k djs vkSj b/kj fganqLFkku esa gesa *rw&rM+kd* ds fcuk cMs+ lkglh lekpkj&i= Hkh
lacks/ku u djsa& blesa ml lekpkj&i= vFkok O;fDr foks"k dk nks"k ugha gS& esjs fopkj ls blls blh dk funkZu gksrk gS fd ijra=
jk"Vksa dh dSlh nqxfrZ cuh gS] ogka ekuork Hkh fdruh egaxh gS!
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
31
Ckfynkuh ohj ;k v/ke

dksBkjh ds }kj dh lyk[kksa ls dksbZ >kad jgk Fkk] **D;ksa] dSls gks cSfjLVj] Bhd gks u!**
**gka] vkids vkkhZokn ls Bhd gwaA** eSaus dgkA
**uk&uk] egkjkt] dgka vki] dgka ge! Dy gh ;wjksi ls vk, vius ,d fe= ls esjk laHkk"k.k gqvkA mlus crk;k]*lkjs ;wjksi
lkojdj dks ,d gqrkRek tSlk lEeku fey jgk gSA kal] teZuh vkfn nskksa ds lekpkj&i= vkidh rqyuk cqYQVksu&,esV&eSftuh
lkFk dj jgs gSa a a a A os lTtu vkils feyuk pkgrs Fks ijarq eSaus mUgsa crk;k fd ;g vlaHko gSA ijarq de&ls&de vkids nkZu dk
ykHk gks& bl rhozrj bPNk ls os vkids Vgyus ds le; lkeusokyh pky esa [kMs+ jgsax]s rfud vki m/kj utj MkysaA ijarq dy cacbZ
,d ,asXyksa&bafM;u i= us gsx ds fo"k; esa fu.kZ; fy[krs le; vkids fy, tgj mxyk gSA**
esa
ds
rks
ds
**og D;k\ gka] dfg,A Lrqfr lquus tSlk viuh fuank lquuk ;|fi dk;ZdrkZvksa dks fiz; ugha gksrk] ijarq lquuk vko;d gksrk gSA**
**ml lekpkj&i= us vkidks naM ?kksf"kr gksus ij foks"k :i ls vkuan O;Dr djrs gq, fy[kk gS& The rascal has at last met with his
fate. eSaus dgk] **cl] bruk gh\ pyks] ;g rks vPNk gh gqvkA ;wjksi esa eq>s Martyr kghn dgk x;k& mUgksaus eq>s Rascal v/ke
dgkA bu nksuksa esa vkR;afrd fuank&Lrqfr ds vuk;kl gh ijLij dkV gks tkus ls esjk viuk ewyHkwr ewY; T;ks&a dk&R;ksa vckf/kr gh
jgkA**
lqcg dksBjh dk }kjcan gks tkrk] og iqUk% nl cts [kqyrkA bl fu;e dk eSa bruk vH;Lr gks pqdk Fkk fd dHkh chp esa }kj [kqyus
dh izrh{kk Hkh ks"k ugha jghA
izrh{kk gh ugha jgus ls can }kj ns[kdj og vLoLFkrk tks igys gksrh Fkh] cgqr de gksrh tk jgh FkhA ml ij vpkud eq>s ,d lk/ku
fey x;k] tks vktdy dke djrs le; izrhr gksusokyh mdrkgV dks nwj djrk FkkA dksBjh dh Nr esa ,d njkj Fkh] mlesa ,d
dcwrj&ifjokj us [kijSy ds uhps viuk Msjk tek;k gqvk FkkA mldh vksj ns[krs gq, eSa dfBu le; dkV jgk FkkA brus esa }kj
[kVdkA vle; }kj [kVdk Fkk&Li"V gS] vius canh cus HkkX; esa dqN ubZ ckr fy[kh tkusokyh gSA ftKklkok eSaus ij ns[kk] rks
goynkj us dgk] **pyks] lkgc cykrs gSa!** pkgs fdlh cgkus Hkh D;ksa u gks ijarq bl ,dkar dksBjh ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, fdlh Hkh
dSnh dk eu bruk rRij gksrk gS fd *pyks* kCn dku esa iM+rs gh canh ds eu esa oSlk gh mRlkg
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
32
Hkj nsrk gS tSlk rM+kd~ ls VwVrs gq, jLls dh vkokt mlls ca/ks gq, pkSik;s ds eu esa iy Hkj ds fy, gh D;ksa u gks] Hkjiwj piyrk
Hkj nsrh gSA eSa mBkA lkgc fdlfy, cqykrs gSa] ;g iwNus dk eu gqvk ijarq tc rd dksbZ dqN u dgs rc rd fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh ls
Lo;a dqN Hkh iwNuk ugha pkfg,] ,slh izFkk gksus ds dkj.k eSa dqN cksyk ughaA ij og lqkhy goynkj gh /khjs ls cksyk]*yxrk gS] dksbZ
feyuh vkbZ gSA**
iRuh ls HksaV
dk;kZy; esa vkrs gh eSaus ns[kk] lyk[kksa dh f[kM+dh ds ikl esjs cM+s lkys lkgc1 [kM+s gSa& lkFk esa esjh /keZiRuh210 A canhx`g ds osk esa]
dSnh ds nq%[kn Lo:i esa] iSjksa esa tdM+dj Bksadh gqbZ Hkkjh csfM+;ksa dks ;FkklaHko lgt mBk, gq, eSa vkt igyh ckj muds lkeus [kM+k gks
x;kA esjs eu esa /kqd/kdh gks jgh FkhA pkj o"kZ iwoZ tc blh cacbZ ls eSa buls fonk ysdj foyk;r pyk x;k] mudh vkdka{kk Fkh fd
okil ykSVrs le; eSa cSfjLVjh ds jkscnkj xkmu pksxk esa rFkk mu HkkX;kkyh y{eh/kjksa ds eaMy ls f?kjk vkkk ,oa ,so;Z dh izHkk ls
ned jgk gwaxkA ysfdu vkt eq>s bl rjg fuLlgk;] fujkkk dh csfM+;kas esa tdM+k gqvk ns[kdj mUuhl&chl o"khZ; ml cspkjh ;qok
je.kh ds n; dks fdruh Bsl igqaph gksxh\ nksuksa lyk[kksa ds ihNs [kM+s FksA eq>s Nwus ds fy, Hkh muij izfrca/k yxk;k x;k FkkA ikl gh
ijk, yksxksa dk dM+k igjk! Eu esa ,sls Hkko meM+ jgs gSa] ftudks kCnksa dk lkfUu/; Hkh ladkspkLin gksrk gSA gk;! ipkl o"kksZa ds vFkkZr~
vkthou fcNksg ds iwoZ fonk ysuh gS vkSj og Hkh bu fonskh funZ;h dkjkf/kdkfj;ksa ds LusgkwU; n`f"Vikrksa dh d{kk esaA bl tUe esa vc
vkidh&gekjh HksaV yxHkx vlaHko gh gSA ,slk dgusokyh og HksaV!
vkdkk vka/kh&ikuh ls Hkj tk,] ,ssls fopkj vpkud ,d gh {k.k esa n; dh foosd pkSdh ij mUgsa jksdk x;kA muds lkjs >aqM
fNUu&fofNUu fd, x, vkSj n`f"V feyrs gh uhps cSBdj eqLdqjkrs gq, eSaus iwNk]** D;ksa] ns[krs gh igpku fy;k eq>s\ ;g rks dsoy oL=
ifjorZu gqvk gSA eSa rks ogh gwaA lnhZ dk fuokj.k djuk gh oL=ksa dk ize[q k mn~ns; gksrk gS] tks bu diM+ksa }kjk Hkh iwjk gks jgk gSA**
FkksMh+ nsj esa fouksn&fueXu gksdj os nksuksa brus lgt gksdj okkkZyki djus yxs] tSls os vius ?kj esa cSBdj gh xiki dj jgs gksaA
volj ikdj eSaus chp esa gh dgk] **Bhd gS] bZoj dh dìk gqbZ rks iqUk% HksaV gksxh ghA bl chp dHkh bl lkekU; lalkj dk eksg gksus
yxs rks ,slk fopkj djuk fd larkuksRifk
11
10
11
Jh ;acd jkepanz fpiyw.kdj nknk

lkS- ;equk ekbZ lkojdj( fu/ku 9 uoacj] 1963
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
33
djuk] pkj ydM+h&fruds tksM+dj ?kksalyk cukuk gh lalkj dgykrk gks rks ,slh x`gLFkh dkS,&fpfM+;k Hkh cukrs gSaA ijarq x`gLFkh pykus
dk blls Hkh HkO;rj vFkZ ysuk gks rks ekuo ln`k ?kjkSank clkus esa ge Hkh d`rkFkZ gks x, gSaA geus viuk ?kjkSank rksM&+ QksM+ fn;k] ijarq
mlds ;ksx ls Hkfo"; esa gtkjksa yksxksa ds ?kjksa ls dnkfpr~ lksus dk /kqvka Hkh fudy ldrk gSA ml ij *?kj&?kj* dh jV yxkdj Hkh Iysx
ds dkj.k D;k lSdM+ksa yksxksa ds ?kj&ckj mtM+ ugha x,\ fookg&eaMi ls nwYgk&nwYgu dks djky dky ds xky esa [knsM+dj ladVksa dk
lkeuk djksA eSaus lquk gS] dqN o"kksZa ds ipkr~ vaneku esa ifjokj ys tkus dh vuqefr nh tkrh gSA ;fn ,slk gqvk rks Bhd gh gS] ijarq
;fn ,slk ugha gqvk rks Hkh bl /kS;Z ds lkFk jgus dk iz;kl djks fd dqN Hkh gks] bl le; dks lguk gh gksxkA**
**ge bl rjg dk gh iz;kl dj jgs gSaA ge ,d&nwljs ds fy, gSa ghA gekjh fpark u djsa] vki Lo;a dk tru djsa] gesa lc dqqN fey
tk;sxkA** bl rjg gekjs izukskj dk vuqe py gh jgk Fkk fd lqifjVsaMsaV us *le; lekIr gksu*s dk ladsr fd;kA vr% eSaus gksaBks a ij
vk, kCnksa dks vk/kk&v/kqjk gh NksM+dj bl HksaV dks lekIr fd;kA ijarq tkrs&tkrs lkys lkgc us tYnh&tYnh dgk] **vPNk] ijarq ,d
fu;e dk vo; ikyu djsaA izfrfnu izkr%dky *d`".kk; oklqnsok; gj;s ijekReus! izz.krDyskukkk; xksfoank; ueksLrq rsAA*&bl ea= dk
tki fu;eiwoZd vo; djsaA** mudh vksj izkalkiw.kZ n`f"V ls ns[kdj eSaus mkj fn;k] **vo;a**
os okil ykSV x,A eSaus ihNs eqM+dj Hkh ugha ns[kkA mu yksxksa dks] tks okil ykSV jgs Fks] ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd eq>s ;s Ja[kyk,a drbZ
Hkkjh ugha yxrha] pyrs le; eSa gsrqiow Zd mUgsa [kudkrs gq, tsy ds Hkhrj ykSV vk;kA ijarq esjk eu\ vHkh&vHkh eSaus mUgsa ftu kCnksa
dk minsk fn;k Fkk] mUgha dk eu&gh&eu tksj ls mPpkj.k fd;k&eu dks MkaV fiykbZ vkSj ftl rjg fdlh cNM+s dks [khapdj yk;k
tkrk gS] mlh rjg eu dks [khapdj foosd ds [kwaVs ls cka/k fn;kA ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk] esjh laiw.kZ kfDr fupqM+ xbZ gSA dksB jh esa can
djds goynkj ds tkrs gh eSA fu<ky gksdj Hkwfe ij ysV x;kA ns[kk rks ij dcwrj ds cPps vdsysiu ds nq%f[kr Loj esa vkksk
O;Dr dj jgs Fks] rM+Ii jgs FksA mudh eka losjs ,d lkgc dh canwd dk fkdkj cu xbZ Fkh vkSj cPps] geskk dh rjg og pksap es
nkus ysdj vc vk,xh] rc vk,xh] ,slh jkg ns[krs ns[krs fujkk vkSj Hk;Hkhr gks x, Fks rFkk fo;ksx dh osnuk ls QM+QM+krs gq,
vkksk dj jgs FksA
gk;! gk;! esjs fcNksg dh osnukvksa dk ;FkklaHko ftruk fp=.k gks lds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
34
mruk d:.k] nk:.k cukus ds fy, gh fdlh nq"V fprsjs us tku&cq>dj dcwrj ds cPpksa ds kksd dh bl i`"Bhkwfe dk p;u fd;k gS \
;g ruko eu ds fy, vl FkkA Hkwfe ij ysVs ysVs gh vka[k yx xbZA brus esa&
**mfB,] vjs lks jgs gSa D;k! lkgc!] dke ds le; vkidks ;fn lkgc us lksrs gq, ns[k fy;k rks os gesa D;k dgasxsA** njokts dh lyk[kksa
ij viuk MaMk tksj&tksj ls [kM+dkrs gq, flikgh cksykA
eSa mB x;kA iqUk% ogh rwekj& mls dwVuk&[kksyuk&ogh fi"Vis"k.k a a a a a a
naM izkjaHk gq, izk;% ,d eghuk chr x;k FkkA eq>s vHkh Hkh ogh Hkkstu feyrk Fkk tks dPps canh dks fn;k tkrk gS] vr% eq>s nw/k Hkh
feyrk FkkA eSa vHkh vHkh Hkkstu ls fuiVk gh FkkA brus esa goynkj us eq>s ckgj cqyk;k vkSj rHkh lifjVsaMsaV Hkh vk;k]** viuk
cksfj;k&fcLrj mBk yksA** eSaus viuk fcLrj mBk;kA lkspk] ;g D;k&dgha vaneku rks ugha tk jgs gSaA }kj ds ikl vk;k] ogka tsy dh
xkM+h [kM+h FkhA eSaA Hkhrj cSB x;k] xkM+h can gks xbZ] bruh fd ckgj dk dqN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha fn[k jgk FkkA u fnkk] u ekxZ&dsoy
[kM+[kM+kgV lqukbZ ns jgh FkhA xkM+h :d xbZ& ,d vksj tsy ds ikl vius vkidks [kM+k ik;kA Hkhrj lksyg laLdkj fd, x,] tks ,d
u, canh ds fy, fd, tkrs gSaA vkf[kj dksBjh esa can gks tkus ds ckn ns[kk rks eSa ,d ,sls dkjkx`g esa can gks x;k Fkk tks Mksa xjh ds
dkjkx`g ls Hkh dBksj ,adkar rFkk futZu fLFkfr esa gSA gka] nwj ,d canh okWMZj fn[k jgk gSA FkksM+h nsj esa Hkkstu vk x;kA }kj
[kksyrs&[kksyrs ml vaxzst lktsZaV us] ftls esjs fy, Hkkjrh; goynkj ds cnys gsrqiwoZd Hkstk x;k Fkk&b/kj&m/kj ns[kdj Good day
dgrs gq, jke&jke fd;kA eSaus /khjs ls iwNk] ^^dkSu lh tsy gS\** mlus lkFk ds Hkkjrh; canh dks irk u pys] blfy, Lisy djrs gq,
crk;k&Byculla Hkk;[kykA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
35
izdj.k &2
Hkk;[kyk dkjkx`g
Mksaxjh dh ,adkr dksBjh ls Hkk;[kyk dh ,dkar dksBjh ij p<+rs le; xgjkrs ,dkar rFkk mnklhurk dh vxyh lh<+h p<+uh iM+hA Mksaxjh
esa vkl&ikl dksbZ euq; ugha jgrk Fkk] ijarq de&ls&de nwj ls dksykgy rks lqukbZ nsrk FkkA vkl&ikl euq; gh ugha cfYd ,d&nks
iqLrdsa rFkk os oLrq,a Hkh ftudk eSa vH;Lr Fkk] ksk ugha FkhA
Lkeku dk Hkh ,d rjg dk lax&lkFk gksrk gS] tsls ifjfpr tuksa d fo;ksx ls lcdqN kwU;or~ yxus yxrk gSA dksBjh dk fujh{k.k
fd;kA ,slk dqN ugha Fkk tks ns[kus ;ksX; gksA pgydneh djus yxkA eu&gh&eu lkspus yxk] esjs idM+s tkus ls gekjh kafrdkjh laLFkk
dh D;k fLFkfr gksxh\ vc vkxs dh ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,A
Lkka;dkyhu Hkkstu vk x;kA esjs eu esa jktuhfr ds fopkjksa ls tks [kycyh eph Fkh& vU; fok; feyus ls og dqN kkar gks xbZA Hkkstu
ls fuiVdj] cjru ekatdj iqu% ml gky gh esa can gq, lyk[kksaokys }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgkA lka> gks xbZA ogh la/;k] ogh jkr] ogh
rkfod fopkjksa ls feyh gqbZ rkRdkfyd kkafr ^lIrfkZ* dfork12 ds mkjk/kZ dk fok; cu xbZ gSA vkt nks vkosnu&i= fn, FksA Mksaxjh
NksMr
+ s gh m/kj tks FkksMk+ lk nw/k feyrk Fkk og Hkh can gks tkus ls rFkk Hkk;[kyk esa dsoy Tokj dh jksVh [kkus ls isV [kjkc gks tkrk
Fkk] vr% ;g ekax dh Fkh fd iqUk% nw/k fn;k tk,A eq>ls vius ?kj dh rFkk ljdkj dh lkjh&dh&lkjh iqLrdas Nhu yh xbZ FkhA esjh
nwljh ekax ;g Fkh fd muesa ls dksbZ ,d iqLrd i<+us ds fy, feysA bl vkosnu&i= dk mkj fey x;k&nw/k dh dksbZ vko;drk fn[kkbZ
ugha nsrh] ckbfcy ds fok; esa lkspsaA
vkf[kj dqN fnuksa ckn ckbfcy fey xbZA cgqr fnu ls iqLrd u gksus ds dkj.k gkFk esa vkrs gh yxk fd i<+k tk,A ckbfcy [kksyh]
rHkh izgjh us crk;k&
12
Lkojdj] lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
36
iqLrd dksBjh esa ugha j[kh tk,xh] kke ds le; dkedkt lekIr gkus ij cl ,d nks ?kaVksa ds fy, gh feysxhA vr% ,ls okil ykSVk;k
vkSj iqu% dBksj ifjJekFkZ tks dke fn;k Fkk] og djus yxkA djrs&djrs eu&gh&eu dfork dh jpuk djrk jgkA vkf[kj kke ds
le; ckbfcy gkFk iM+hA
bZlk elhg ds pfj= rFkk minsk ds fok; esa esjs eu esa geskk vknj Hkko FkkA kal esa eSa ckbfcy dh ubZ iksFkh U;w VsLVkesaV dk
fparu vkSj v/;;u djrk FkkA vc xksfoanflag dh ^vk;kZ* lekIr gksus dks Fkh vkSj ^lIrfkZ* Hkh iwjk gksus dks vk x;k FkkA Hkkoh
dkO;&jpuk ds fy, vko;d ,sfrgkfld lkfgR; lk/ku izkIr ugha Fks] vkSj ;g Hkh LiV fufpr ugha fd;k Fkk fd fdl fok; ij
dkO;&jpuk djuh gS] vr% igys bZlk dk pfj= gh ejkBh esa dforkc} djus dk fup; fd;kA ckbfcy dh iqjkuh iksFkh vksYM
VsLVkesaV dk ,sfrgkfld vkSj /kkfeZd n`fV ls v/;;u djrs le; T;w yksxksa ds jkVh; dkjkokl dh nqHkkZX;iw.k rFkk vlgk; voLFkk
vkSj mlls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, muds }kjk fd, x, iz;Ruksa dk o.kZu i<+ jgk Fkk a a a ijarq ;s yksx eq>s vaneku D;ksa ugha Hkstrs\ eSaus
dqN ,slk lquk Fkk fd naM ?kksfkr gksus ds ipkr~ ;fn canh dks dkysikuh ugha Hkstk x;k rks naM ds os Ng eghus fxus ugha tkrsA blds
vfrfjDr eSaus vaneku jsX;wysVj esa Hkh i<++k Fkk fd Ng eghus dkjkokl Hkqxrus ds ckn canh dks ckgj }hi ij NksM+k tkrk gS vkSj ftls
FkksMk+ &cgqr i<+uk&fy[kuk vkrk gS] ml dSnh dks lkS&lkS yksxksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj vU; egoiw.kZ d`fk dk;Z lkSais tkrs gSA ;fn ,slk gks rks
dkjkx`g dh bl dksBjh ds thou ls m/kj dk thou vR;f/kd lql gksus dh laHkkouk gSA de&ls&de lkxj rV ij iy Hkj :ddj
[kqyh gok esa lkal ysuk rks laHko gksxk& yksxksa esa ?kqy&fey tkus dk lqvolj izkIr gksxk] mlds ;ksx ls iqu% izpkj vkSj yksdks i;qDr dk;Z
Hkh djuk laHko gksxkA nl okksZa ds Ikpkr~ vius ifjokj ds lkFk ?kj Hkh clk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mudk] ftUgsa dksBjh ds bl canhx`g
dh lqjax esa gh lkjh ltk dkVuh gS\ muesa ls dksbZ esjs cky fe= Fks] dksbZ fooLr lg;ksxh Fkh rks dksbZ vfHkUun; lgpkjh Fks& izk;%
lHkh eq>ij vlhe J}k j[krs Fks] eq>ls fuLLokFkZ izse djrs vk, FksA mu ij rFkk muds ifjokjksa ij vk IkM+s ladV esa eSa mUgsa ugha
cpk ldk] u gh mudh fdlh rjg lgk;rk dj ldkA bl HkzkfUr ls fd esjs dkj.k gh mUgsa bruh lkjh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk
iM+ jgk g] D;k os eq>ls :V ugha gq, gksaxs\ ml ij Hkh eq>s mudh o`} eerke;h ekrkvksa ij] ftUgksaus mUgsa iky&iksldj cM+k fd;k
vkSj muls mudh va/ks dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
37
ykBh fu;fr us vpkud Nhu yh& n;k vkrhA vkSj os otzfup;h ohj& ftUgksaus ek= lquus ds fy, Hkh nqLlg ;kruk,a >syha& ij ^mQ*
rd ugha fd;k] u gh esjs fo:} ,d kCn dgk] vkSj mu ;qodksa dh lc ;krukvksa dk Lej.k gksrs gh eq>s bruk nq%[k gqvk fd dqN nsj
esa eSa viuh ;krukvksa dks gh Hkwy x;kA iqUk% lksprk] dgha eSa fiNM+ rks ugha x;k\ lcls vkxs jgdj lkeus gks jgs dBksj&ls dBksj
vk?kkrksa dks >syus ds fy, D;k eSa Nkrh rkudj vkxs ugha [kM+k jgk\ rks fQj vc tks vVy] vifjgk;Z gS] tks lcdk dk;Z Hkkx gS]
mlds Hkkxh Hkh lHkh gksaxAs vkSj tks Hkksxuk iM+k og rks dqN Hkh ugha gS] vHkh rks a a a aA
eSaus igys Hkh ,d fuosnu fd;k Fkk] ftlesa ;g izkFkZuk dh Fkh fd eq>s fn, x, nks vkthou dkjkoklksa dk naM ,ddkfyd fd;k tk,A
ml izkFkZuk ds leFkZukFkZ tks dkj.k eSaus izLrqr fd, Fks] muesa ls ,d ;g Fkk fd naMfoKku esa vkthou dkjkokl dk vFkZ euq; ds
thou ds dr`ZO; ds lkekU; dky ls fd;k tkrk gSA baXySaM vkfn nskksa esa ;g vof/k pkSng okZ dh gS] fganqLFkku esa os vijk/k ds fglkc
ls chl vFkok iPphl okZ eku ldrs gSaA ;g vof/k gh naMfoKku esa thou dky gSA vf/kd&ls&vf/kd naM dh ;gh vof/k gSA vr%
eq>s izkIr nks vktUe dkjkokl ;fn ,ddkfyd ugha fd, x, vkSj ,d vktUe dkjkokl dkVus ds mijkar nwljk vktUe dkjkokl dkVus
dk vFkZ fy;k x;k] rks naMfoKku dh Hkkkk esa gh bl tUe dh lekfIr ds Ikpkr~ ;g naM Hkqxrus ds fy, nwljk tUe ysuk pkfg,& ;g
gkL;kLin gksxk vkSj okLro esa ;g ipkl okZ dkysikuh dh Hkhk.k i}fr ls ejus dk vFkZ gS& ;g tUe [kRe djds nwljs tUe esa Hkh
naM Hkksxuk gSA rks ;g gkL;kLin vFkZ Vkyus ds fy, Hkh esjh eqfDr dk okZ 1960 u j[krs gq, vktUe dkjkokl vFkkZr~ iPphl okZ&
tks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd naM le>k tkrk gS& gh fufpr fd;k tk,A bl vkosnu&i= dk vkt mkj vk x;k A ;g fu.kZ; fn;k x;k Fkk
fd ^vkidk vktUe dkjkokl ,ddkfyd u djrs gq, og ekuqlkj Hkksxuk iMs+xkA ;gh fu.kZ; mfpr gS] vr% vkidk naM ipkl okZ
rFkk eqfDr dk okZ 1960 13 gh jgsxkA ^;g crkus ds fy, tks ,d vaxszt lTtu vk, Fks] mUgksaus esjs vkosnu&i= dh ifjHkkkk dk
gsrqiwoZd voyac djrs gq, eq>ls fouksnfefJr Loj esa dgk]^^lkojdj lkgc] vkf[kj ljdkj us ;gh fufpr fd;k fd vkidks bl tUe
dh vktUe dkjkokl dh ltk dkVus ds ckn
13
6tuojh] 1924 ds fnu ohj lkojdkj dh dkjkokl ls eqfDr gks xbZA vkxs pydj mUgsa jRukfxjh esa dqN krkZsa ij LFkkuo} fd;k
x;k( 10 ebZ] 1937 ds fnu bu krksZa dks gVk;k x;k vkSj lu~ 1960 esa ohj lkojdj dk ê`R;qat; egksRlo* /kwe/kke ls euk;k x;kA
blds Ikpkr~ 26 Qjojh] 1966 ds fnu mUgksau^s vkRekiZ.k* fd;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
38
vxys tUe esa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl dkVuk gksxkA** eSa Hkh galrs gq, cksyk] ^^rks fQj blesa Hkh de&ls&de ,d lek/kku dh ckr ;g gS
fd ljdkj us fganqvksa ds iqutZUe ds fl}kar dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gS vkSj bZlkbZ /keZ ds iqu:Rfkku dk fl}kar NksM+ fn;k gSA**
;g D;k\ vkt bruk kh/kz Hkkstu\ dkjkx`g esa Hkys gh tku pyh tk,] ijarq iwoZ fu;ksftr dk;Zekuqlkj gh pyuk gksrk gSA ;gka ij
lcds fy, bruk le;khy jguk gksrk gSA Hkkstu ds fy,] vUu ds fy,] e`R;q vk tk, rks Hkh Hkkstu tYnh ugha vk ldrk] ;fn
vko;d gks rks eÙ;q Hkkstu vkus rd :dsA rks fQj Hkyk vkt ;g vle; Hkkstu D;ksa \ vFkkZr~ dqN&u&dqN u;k ?kVusokyk gSA eSaus
igjs ij [kMs+ xksjs vf/kdkjh dh vksj ftKklk n`fV ls ns[kkA mlus viuh Vksih ihNs djus ds cgkus vius gkFk nwj rd ihNs ys tkdj
nsk ckj fgyk,& vFkkZr~ gesa dgha vkSj igqapuk gSA Hkkstu gks x;kA fHkfk ij ,d uqdhys dadj ls dqN dfork,a ?klhVdj fy[kh Fkh&
mUgsa tYnh&tYnh i<+dj jxM+&jxM+dj lkQ fd;k& ftlls fdlh dks mudk irk u pysA brus esa flikgh us ^pyks* dgrs gq, }kj [kksykA
xksjs lktsaV ds v/khu gesa dkjkxkj v/kh{kd dks lkSaik x;k] tSls dksbZ futhZo oLrq gksaA eksVj&jsy] iqU% LVsku A ;g irk pyk& ;g Bk.ks
gS vkSj gesa ogh ds dkjkx`g esa tkuk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
39
izdj.k &3
Bk.ks dkjkx`g
dkjkx`g esa tgka&rgka xM+cM+A ipkl okZ dk naM dk] dkysikuh dk ,d cSfjLVj canh! vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dM+k vknsk fd dksbZ esjh vksj
vka[k mBkdj Hkh u ns[ksA lkjs okWMZj vkSj dSfn;ksa dks ckgj fudkydj ,d Hkkx iwjk [kkyh djds j[kk FkkA ijar ml dBksj vknsk ds
ckotwn canhx`g dh ftKklk cnkrs guah cuh A ml dksBjh ij] ftlesa eq>s j[kk x;k Fkk] nqV&ls&nqV vkSj wjrk esa fo[;kr eqfLye
okWMZj fu;qDr fd;s x, FksA iwjk dBksj ,dkarA Hkkstu vk x;kA ,d dkSj Hkh xys ls mrjuk vlaHko izrhr gks jgk FkkA cktjs dh ?kfV;k
jksVh vkSj tkus dkSu lh cgqr [kV~Vh Hkkth] ftls eqag esa Hkh ugha Mkyk x;kA jksVh dk VqdM+k rksM+uk] FkksM+k pckuk] ml ij ?kw aV Hkj ikuh
ihuk vkSj mlds lkFk xVd tkuk& bl rjg jksVh [kkbZA tYnh gh kke gks xbZA dksBjh can djds yksxksa ds tkrs gh fu<ky gksdj eSa
fcLrj ij yq<+d x;kA va/ksjk Nkus yxkA brus esa dgha ls ,sls euq; dh vkokt vkbZ ftls Lo;a lqudj yksx Hk;Hkhr gks tk,aA /khjs ls
ns[kk] nqVksa esa nqV tks okWMZj esjs fy, fu;qDr fd, x, Fks] muesa ls ,d canh okWMZj eq>s gkSys ls ladsr dj }kj ds fudV cqyk jgk gSA
eSa pyk vk;kA b/kj&m/kj ns[kdj ml canh okWMZj us dgk] ^êgkjkt] vkidh ohjrk dh [;kfr geus lquh gSA ,sls kwj iq:k ds pj.kksa
dk eSa nkl gwaA vkids fy, eq>ls tks Hkh cu iM+s] og lc d:axkA vc eS a ,d lekpkj nsrk gwaA ijarq og vkids ikl ls QwVuk ugha
pkfg, vU;Fkk eSa ekjk tkaxkA vki ohj gSa] pqxyh tSlk nqdeZ vki dnkfi ugha djsaxs] fQj Hkh vkidks lko/kku fd;k gSA** bl rjg
fcuk :ds ijarQ cgqr gh ncs Loj esa cksyrs vkSj vanj ?kqlrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ vkidk HkkbZ ;gha ij gSA**
^^dkSu lk HkkbZ\**
^^NksVkA** mls lansg gqqvk] dksbZ ns[k rks ugha jgk] og >V ls IkhNs gV x;k] EkSa Hkh Hkhrj f[kld x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
40
dfuB ca/kq114
NksVk HkkbZ! Chl dh vk;q ds uhps dk og yM+dk] ftls vgenkckn 215 esa ykWMZ feaVks ij ce Qsadus ds vkjksi esa vBkjg okZ dh vk;q esa
gh tsy esa can gksdj lkgl ds lkFk mu ;a=.kkvksa dk lkeuk djus dk volj feyk FkkA vgenkckn ls mls NksM+k x;k rks ?kj vkdj
fcLrj ij tjk ihB gh fVdkbZ Fkh fd jkT;kafr rFkk jktuhfrd gR;k ds xaHkhj vkjksiksa esa mls iqUk% idM+dj dkjkxkj esa Mky fn;k
x;kA ysfdu okZ Hkj ,d ds ckn ,d ;krukvksa] /kefd;ksa rFkk funZ;rk ds vk?kkr lgrs gq, ml dksey vk;q esa Hkh vius dBksj fup;
rFkk vaxhd`r ozr ls og yskek= fopfyr ugha gqvkA og esjk vuqtA ekrk&firk dh N=PNk;k ckY;koLFkk esa gh mB tkus ds dkj.k eSa
gh mldk ekrk&firk cu x;k FkkA dy&ijlksa rd iy Hkj eq>ls nwj gksus ij tks jksus yxrk] ogh esjk NksVk HkkbZ ;gha ij gS] esjh rjg
gh csfM+;ksa esa tdM+k gqvk rFkk pDdh ihlus tSlk dBksj dk;Z dj jgk gSA ekuks mlds ;s lkjs dV de Fks] blfy, mls vkt esjs
vktUe dkjkokl dk lekpkj fn;k tk,xk! esjs vktUe dkjkokl dk mUgsa irk Fkk] rFkkfi yxHkx lHkh dks fookl Fkk fd gsx esa eSa NwV
tkaxk vkSj iqu% kal Hkst fn;k tkaxkA blh vkuan esa esjs ;s lkFkh vius nq%[k Hkwys gq, FksA ijarq vc mudk vafre vkkk&rarq VwV
tk,xkA eSa lpeqPk gh dkykikuh tkaxk vkSj ;g lekpkj eSa Lo;a mUgsa nwaxkA ,d cM+s HkkbZ rks igys gh vktUe dkjkokl ij dkykikuh
pys x, FksA vkt esjk Hkh fpjfo;ksx gksxkA vkt gekjk ;g ckyd lpeqp vukFk gks tk,xkA tc mlds eu esa ;g nk:.k lR; mrjsxk
fd eSa yxHkx fQj dHkh u fn[kus ds fy, gh vaneku tkaxk] rc mlds dksey eu dh dSlh voLFkk gksxh\ vkSj eqfDr ds ipkr~ og
dgka tk,xk\ mls dkSu lgkjk nsxk\ dkSu mldh fk{kk iwjk djk,xk\ ;g UkUgk ckyd ftl fdlh }kj ij igqapsxk] mlds }kj mlh ds
lkeus /kM+k/kM+ can dj fn, tk,axsA nq%[kkosx esa ;s lkjs fopkj ,d lkFk rjafxr gksdj iqUk% Mwc x,A muesa dqN fopkj iqu% n; es a
mFky iqFky epkrs jgsA
nknk] ;g fyft,
ogh okWMZj fQj ikl vk;kA dkQh va/ksjk gks x;k FkkA
^^nknk!**
^^gkaA**
14
15
Mk- ukjk;.k nkeksnj lkojdj( tUe lu~ 1888] e`R;q % lu~ 1949A
ohj lkojdj dk lrr vkxzg Fkk fd eqlfye opZLookys bl uke dks cnydj vgenkckn dk uke ^d.kkZorh* j[kk tk,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
41
^^;g fyft,A** dgrs gq, mlus ,d ikVh esjs gkFk esa nh vkSj fgnk;r nh fd lqifjVsaMsaV lkgc us lHkh okWMZjksa dks ;g vkKk nh gS fd
vkidks vkids HkkbZ dk lekpkj ;fn fdlh us fn;k rks mls nl okZ dk dkysikuh dk naM fn, fcuk ugha NksMk+ tk,xkA vkius vius eq[k
ls ,d kCn Hkh fudkyk rks eSa ej tkaxkA bruk fxM+fxM+krk gqvk og ihNs ?kwe x;k vkSj nwj tkrs gh tksj&tksj ls twrs pjejkrk RkFkk
rkyc} Mx Hkjrk gqvk igjk nsus yxkA og ikVh esjs NksVs HkkbZ cky dk i= FkkA nwj dgha ykyVsu ty jgh FkhA mlds izdkk esa FkksMk+
lk fn[k jgk FkkA mlh mtkys esa eSaus vR;ar eerk ls ml i= dks i<+ fy;kA mlesa nq%[k rFkk rstksHkax dk ,d kCn Hkh ugha FkkA blds
foijhr ,d /kS;Zkkyh lansk Hkstk x;k Fkk fd vaxhd`r ozr dh iwfrZ ds fy, blls Hkh vf/kd dBksj riL;k D;ksa u djuh iMs+] fpark ughaA
eSaus Bku fy;k fd bl i= dk mkj HkstwaA vaneku esa ,d okZ esa ,d i= Hkstus dh vuqefr nh tkrh gS] ijarq eSaus lquk Fkk dHkh dHkh
,slh lgwfy;r Hkh ugha feyrhA vr% gks ldrk gS] cky dks i= fy[kus dk ;g vafre volj gh gksA eSaus ml okWMZj dks ladsr fd;kA
og ncs dne vk x;kA ijarq ;g dgrs gq, fd jkr esa ns[kk tk,xk] og pyrk cukA vk/kh uhan iwjh gks pqdh gksxhA njokts ds lh[kpksa
ds ikl /kheh [kM+[kM+kgV lqukbZ nhA esjs dku [kM+s gks x,] eSa pkSa drs gq, mB x;kA ns[kk rks okWMZj njoktk [kM+[kM+k jgk FkkA mlus gkFk
ls ladsr fd;k ^fyf[k,* vkSj ykyVsu lehi ys vk;kA eq>ls ,d kCn Hkh cksyrs gq, ;fn og idM+k tkrk rks mls naM gq, fcUkk ugha
jgrkA nqVksa esa nqV le>s tkusokys bl ?kkrd Mkdw ds eu esa Hkh esjs fy, bruh lgkuqHkwfr gS] ;g ns[kdj eSa nax FkkA ;gh vuqHko
vkxs pydj eq>s ckj&ckj gqvkA eSa mldk vkHkkj iznfkZr djus yxk] ijarq tYnh&tYnh esa mlus dgk] ^^nknk] rqjar ls igys fy[kdj
nksA**
NwVsaxs ;k ejsaxs
rFkkfi kadk gqbZ]^fy[kokdj bl ikVh dks dgha ;g cky ds gkFk u lkSaidj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks u lkSai ns \ esjk thou xqIrpjksa ls nako&isap
[ksyrs gq, O;rhr gqvk FkkA vr% eSaus fdlh dk Hkh uke] xkao] vrk&irk dksbZ foksk dk;Ze u fy[krs gq, vaneku ds va/ksjs Qyd ij
vkkkvksa dh nks&rhu rwfydk,a ekjrs gq, fy[kk fd ^;fn ogka ds fu;ekuqlkj eq>s viuk ifjokj ikap&nl okksZ ds fy, ys tkus dh
vuqefr nh xbZ rks eSa viuh thou lk/kuk esa O;rhr d:axk vkSj ;fn eSa iqu% fganqLFkku dh ikou /kjrh ds rV ij viuk iSj ugha j[k
ldk] rks rr% izkpsrl% fk;kSa jkek;.kferLrr% eSfFkys;kS dqkyokS txrqxZq:pksfnrkS dh rjg gh] mu vfHkuo dqekjksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
42
ds daBkas ls nsk Hkj esa izpkj d:axkA ,d thou dh lQyrk ds fy, cl ;gh ,d dk;Z leFkZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj eSa vaneku esa
iPphl okZ O;rhr d:axkA ijarq ;g ,d vktUe dkjkokl Hkqxrus ds Ikpkr~ Hkh ;fn eq>s NksM+k ugha x;k rks dsoy a a a a NwVsaxs ;k a a a
a;ksa gh ejasxs] ;gh esjk fup; gSA rqe fpark er djuk vFkok bl fopkj ls viuk eu NksVk er djuk fd thou fok gks x;k A
okIk;a= dks lf; djus ds fy, viuh nsg dks bZa/ku cukdj ;fn fdlh dks tyrs&lqyxrs jguk gh gS rks Hkyk og ge gh D;ksa u gksa\
bl rjg ek= tyrs jguk Hkh ,d deZ gh gS A bruk gh ugha] vfirq egRdeZ gSA*16 a a a aokWMZj us ladsr :i esa [kkaldj lwfpr fd;k]
^tYnh djks*A eSa ikVh dks }kj ds fudV j[k ihNs gV x;kA tkrs&tkrs mlls dgk] ^êSa pkgrk gwa] esjs dkj.k vkidks tjk lk Hkh dV u
igqqapsA vki pkgsa vkSj ;fn vkidks ;g drZO; yxrk gks rks gh ,slk lkgl djsaA geus Hkjs xkao esa izosk djds ljs ckt+kj Mkdk Mkyk gS
vkSj yM+rs&yM+rs fudy Hkh x,A nknk] eSa kwj iq:k gwa] vkSj blhfy, vki tSls lkglh] ijkeh iq:k dk eSa cank gwaA Hkyk esjk dSlk
lkgl! Esjh eqfDr gksus esa nks eghus ksk gSaA lkgl rks vkidk gS fd ,sls izlax esa Hkh vki brus izlUu gSaA**
i= igqapk fn;k
mlus tkdj fookliwoZd cky dks i= igqapk;kA ijarq mldh kwjrk dh O;k[;k esjs /;ku ls ugha mrjhA Mkdw yksx pksjh dks iki vkSj
rqPN deZ le>rs gSaA ekax tkfr ds yksx Mkseksa dks ugha Nwrs! blh rjg ;g HkhA nwljs fnu eSaus mls vU;ksfDr }kjk lwfpr djus dk
iz;kl fd;k&ekuk fd LokFkZ gsrw ywVekj ,d izdkj ls ohjrk gS rFkkfi og Js;Ldj vFkok izkaluh; ugha gSA og Hkh le> x;k vkSj
vkxs fQj dHkh mlus Mhax gkaddj Mkdk Mkyus dk mYys[k ugha fd;kA
esjs vkus ds Ikpkr~ ,d&nks fnu ds vanj dh cky dks Bk.ks ls Lfkkukarfjr djds dgha vU;= Hkstk x;kA vf/kdkjh tkurs Fks] ;|fi blesa
lafnX/krk Fkh fd iqu% mldh HksaV gksxh ;k ugha] rFkkfi brus fudV ,d Hkhr dh vkM+ jgrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus mlls esjh HkasV ugha gksus nhA
mlds Ikpkr~ okksaZ eq>s mldk dqN Hkh lekpkj ugha feyk] ;wa dfg, fd lekpkj feyus ugha fn;k x;k fd og dgka x;k] dc NwVk] D;k
djrk gSA
16
Ûkscsy* iqjLdkj fotsrk egkdfo johanzukFk VSxksj dks vfHkuanu dj Hksth xbZ dfork esa lkojdj us ;gh dYiuk izLrqr dh gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
43
flag&iq:k
Bk.kas dkjkx`g ds flikfg;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls ,d izeq[k vf/kdkjh gsrqiwoZd mtkM+ j[ks x, esjs Hkkx ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA og
FkqyFkqy] xksyeVksy] galksM+ ijarq cM+k gh ?kqUuk FkkA xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk csgn fooLrA og ;FkklaHko eq>ls ckr djus dk iz; kl djrkA
esjs fopkj ls esjs fy, mlds eu esa lfEeJ Hkkouk Fkh] Hkys gh og lR; Fkh ;k feF;kA esjs izfr og n;k Hkko iznfkZr djrk FkkA
Hkkstu ;FkklaHko Bhd&Bhd nsus dk iz;kl djrs ns[kdj Hkh vuns[kh dj ysrk] ijarq fu;eiwoZd jktuhfrd ppkZ djds esjs eu ij ;g
izHkko tekus dk iz;Ru djrk fd eSaus vR;ar fujFkZd ,oa ikxyiu dk dke djds uknkuhiwoZd thougkfu dh gSA vkrs&tkrs cafn;ksa dks
ldkj.k cqykdj eq>s fn[kkrk vkSj muls dgrk]^ns[kks] gekjk flagiq:k gks rks ,slk! Ikj D;k\ jko vtc rsjh djuh] vtc rsjk [ksy!
edM+h ds tky esa Qalk;k ksjA* ;g xhr xk&xkdj Lokax djrk] ukprk vkSj Lo;a gh iwoZ i{k&mkj i{k djrs gq, fookn NsM+rk fd ^dgka
bruh izcy ljdkj vkSj dgka ;s vfdapu pkj cPps! Pys gSa vaxzst ljdkj dk jkt ysusA* ,slk dgrs gq, gkFk esa idM+k lksVk ryokj
tSlk ?kqekrs gq,& nks&rhu iSarjs dkVdj ukprk vkSj vius lkFk yk, nks&rhu dSfn;ksa ls og iwNrk] ^D;ksa js jkew] esjs bl rjg okj djus
ls gok ejh\* lc yksx tksj&tksj ls Bgkds yxkrsA goynkj dh fBBksyh Fkh! u gals rks eqlhcrA dc D;k naM fnyok nsA muds galus ij
og vkSj Nkrh Qqykdj dgrk] vjs] galrs D;ksa gks\ D;k gok dks ekjus dk ;g lkgl gekjs bu egkjkt ds lkgl ls vf/kd gkL;kLin
gS] tks vkB&nl yM+ds ysdj vaxszt ljdkj dks ekjus pys gSa\
foyk;rh NSy&Nchyh
dHkh ge Luku djrs rks og ogha [kM+s gksdj gekjh vksj ?kwjrk jgrk vkSj vius ekrgr flikfg;ksa ls dgrk] ^xksa|k] rfud ns[kks rks
gekjs nknk dh nsg! tSls lksus dk VqdM+kA Hkqtkvksa dk xBko] ;g pkSM+h Nkrh! nknk dqrh djrs Fks] ;g iDdk gSA ^fQj >V ls vkokt
iyVdj vfr fouze Loj esa dgrk] ^vth foyk;r esa gh jgdj fdlh NSy&Nchyh ds jax esa jaxdj viuk ;kSou fcrk nsrs! Dgka ;g
vkidk rk:.; vkSj ml ij dSlh eqlhcr! Hkyk vkidks ;s yksgs dh csfM+;k iguus dh gkSal D;ksa yxh\
dHkh og dgrk]^ u&u! ;g ?kksj deZ gekjs nknk dj gh ugha ldrsA yxrk gS] dqN cM+s&cMs+ ukeoj yksxksa us viuk mYyw lh/kk djus ds
fy, gekjs bl Hkksys kadj dks vkxs djds lCtckx fn[kkdj bUgsa eqag ds cy fxjk fn;kA nknk] vkidh vis{kk eSa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
44
fdruk lq[kh gwaA eghus&ds&eghus osru ikrk gwa] frl ij isaku gS ghA ipkl&lkB :i;s [ku[kukrs gq, ets esa thou;kiu dj jgk gwaA
vkSj vki& dqanu tSlk nedrk :i] f[kyrk ;kSou] ckfyLVjh] nhoku dh csVh C;kgh gqbZ loZukk fd;k vkius vius thou dk] LoxhZ;
lq[k dk A fdlfy,\ nsk ds fy,\ nhokuxh gS nhokuxh jko!* eSa ;g lc kkafr ls lqu ysrk] ijarq dHkh&dHkh og esjs /kS;Z dk cka/k Hkh
rksM+ MkyrkA gkFk tksM+dj eq>ls dgrk] *egkk;] crkb,] lp&lp cksfy,&kklu dh ckxMksj vki dSls gfFk;k,ax s\ vkidks D;k yxrk
gS] fdrus fnuksa esa vki NwVsaxs\ bl fnlacj esa njckj gS ;g ml le; dh ckr gS tc tkWtZ iape xn~nh ij cSBusokys Fks rc NwVsaxs \
êSa dgrk] u&u] HkbZ] gekjs fy, tqcyh dSlh\ rFkkfi dHkh nl&ckjg okksZa esa le; cnyk rks cnykA * rks og vR;ar dM+ok eqag
cukdj dgrk]^ fNg] rqEgsa os D;ksadj NksMs+x]s vkidksa ;ksa gh lM+us nsaxs] ejus ds Ikpkr~ gh NksM+saxs*A
dkaVksa dk eqdqV
eSa iqu%&iqUk% eu&gh&eu îzfrizlogs;k% lw{ek%* 17 & ;g ;ksxlw= cksyrs gq, vius eu dks fl[kkrk f dbl dkjkokl esa rqEgsa ekufld
;kruk Hkh mlh rjg lguh gksxh tSls kkjhfjd ;kruk,aA blls ;fn rqEgkjk rstkHkax gksrk gS rks ;g ekuk tk,xk fd rqEgkjk rst ,d
{kf.kd mkstuk gh FkhA rqe ,slk D;ksa ugha lksprs fd mUgsa bl [ksy esa vkuan vk jgk gS \ rqEgsa ,slk izrhr gks jgk gS u fd bl [ksy ds
uk;d rqe gks\ dsoy bl rjg dh o`fk dks ekj yksA rqe rks vPNh rjg ls tkurs gks fd rqe dkSu gks \ rqeus D;k vkSj D;ksa fd;k gS\
pksjksa ds rekks ls rqEgkjk D;k fcxM+rk gS\ rqels igys ;g dkaVksa dk rkt mUgsa Hkh /kkj.k djuk iM+k tks vius vkidks iszfkr dgyk;k
djrs FksA vkt }hi&}hikarj ftuds pj.kksa ij vius khk >qdk jgs gSa] rqels igys dkjkxkj ds cafn;ksa us mudh nqxZfr dh FkhA bl rjg
foods ds lkFk eSa ml O;fDr dk O;ogkj lgrk jgkA vkt lksyg okZ chr pqds Fks] iajrq vHkh rd eSa
17
Ikkarty ;ksxlw=] lekf/kikn lw=&10
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
45
fufpr :i esa ;g ugha dg ldrk fd ml euq; dks tSls fd dqN cafn;ksa dk dguk Fkk& eq>s ekufld ;kruk,a fnykdj esjk rstkHkax
djus ds fy, gh gsrqiwoZd fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk vFkok mldk ml rjg dk O;ogkj ek= lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ okfg;kriu FkkA dqN Hkh gks]
mldk og xhr vkt Hkh esjs dkuksa esa xwat jgk gS]^ vtc rsjh dqnjr vtc rsjk [ksy] edM+h ds tky esa Qalk;k gS ksjA ,d fnu eSaus
mlls dgk] ^^ dqN lekpkj lqukvksA** mlus dgk] ^^dSlk lekpkj\ nknk] bu yksxksa ds dkj.k vki O;FkZ ejs vkSj vc Hkh vkidks
mudk eksg ugha NwVrk\ vksg] dSls yksx vkSj dSlk yksdfgr\ ns[kks] vki idM+s x,A ckdh lkjs cqjdksa esa fNi x,A fdlh us pwa rd dh
gks rks kiFk! dSlk lekpkj! vjs] vki ejs nqfu;k MwchA**
vdZ gSa vdZ

gky gh esa baXySaM esa jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg gqvk rks cafn;ksa esa ;g vQokg mM+ xbZ Fkh fd bl volj ij NwV feysxhA og goynkj esjs
lkFk ckr djds x;k gh Fkk] brus esa ,d vkSj vf/kdkjh] tks eq>s dHkh&dHkh dqN lekpkj nsrk Fkk] vk x;kA mls i= i<+us esa :fp
ugha FkhA ijarq eq>s lekpkj nsus Fks] blfy, og FkksM+s i= NkaV jgk FkkA mlus tYnh ls vkrs gq, dgk] ^^ enzkl esa vks uke ds ,d
dysDVj dks& ,d kkDr czk.k us18 xksyh ls mM+k fn;kA lquk gS] fpnacj fiYyS ds izdj.k ls ml vf/kdkjh dk dqN laca/k FkkA ** og
goynkj tc nksigj esa iqUk% vk;k rks esjh vksj ?kwjrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ D;ksa egkjkt] enzkl esa vkidk dksbZ Lusgh jgrk gS!**
^^bl canhkkyk esa jgdj Hkyk eSa dSls tku ldrk gwa fd dkSu dgka gS vkSj FkksMh+ nsj igys vki gh us rks dgk Fkk fd tks dksbZ gSa os
cqjds esa cSBs gSaA dgus Hkj ds fy, Hkh os pwa rd ugha djrs gq, dgk ^^vdZ gSa vdZ] vorkjh gSa ;sA ^^bldk fufpr vFkZ vkt rd EkSa
ugha tku ldkA gks ldrk gS] mls lansg gqvk gks fd enzkl dh tks okkkZ mlus lquh] og eSaus Hkh lquh gksxh vkSj esjs mkj dk O;a X;
mlus le>k gksA
mius=ksa dh uhykeh
ml le; esjs ikl esjh viuh dsoy nks phtsa Fkh& ,d esjs mius= ,sud vkSj nwljh ,d vkus dh NksVh lh vaxqykdkj xhrkA ;s nks
oLrq,a gh esjh laifk FkhA iajrq vkt losjs goynkj us bu nks oLrqvksa dh Hkh ekax dh]^^lkgc ekaxrk gSA** esjh
18
mldk uke okaNw v;j FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
46
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd mius= dh ekax D;ksa\ FkksM+h nsj ckn lqifjVsaMasV vk;kA eSaus iwNk]^^mius= D;ksa fy, x,\** mlus crk;k]
^^jkT;kafr ds vijk.k esa rqEgkjh lkjh phtsa tCr19 dh tk,a] ,slk naM gksus ds dkj.k mu oLrqvksa dks tCr fd;k x;k gSA foyk;r esa
tc vki idM+s x, rc vkids ikl ls feys Vad] diM+s] iqLrdsa vkfn lHkh lkeku dh vkt [kqys :i esa uhykeh gksxhA tks iSls feysaxs
os ljdkj esa tek gksaxAs **
futh laifk ds :i esa ,d vkus dh xhrk vkSj mius=ksa dk Hkh vigj.k fd;k tk,] blls vU; cafn;ksa dks nq%[k gqvk vkSj dqN
flikfg;ksa us Bku yh fd os bl uhykeh esa lkeku ugha [kjhnsaxsA eq>s bl ckr dk irk yxrs gh eSaus mUgsa lwfpr fd;k fd ml lkeku
esa vusd eqY;oku oL= gSaA mUgsa feV~Vh ds eksy fdlh ,sls&xSjs ds [kjhnus ls vPNk gS vki yksx mUgsa [kjhn ysa] blls eq>s larksk gksxkA
;fn vki tSls ln; ml uhykeh esa PqIih lk/kdj cSBasxs rks n;ghu yksx cksyh yxk,axsA vki esjs nskca/kq nwj jgs rks dksbZ xksj k ;k uhe
lktsZaV lc ywV ysxkA blls vPNk gS] ;fn vki uhykeh esa cksyh yxk,a xs rks diMs+ rFkk lkeku vkids cky&cPpksa ds dke vk,xkA eSa
le>waxk ;s oLrq, ln~dk;Z esa vk xbZA bl rjg eSaus mu lTtu flikfg;ksa dks le>kus dk iz;kl fd;kA nwljs fnu mius= vkSj xhrk eq>s
okil ykSVkbZ xbZ] ijarq esjh dgdj ugha] cafn;ksa dks fn;k tkusokyk ljdkjh lkeku dgdjA
vaneku dk pkyku
vkt dkkx`g esa tgka ns[kks ogka ,d gh xM+cM+ eph gqbZ FkhA vkt vaneku dk pkyku vkusokyk FkkA pkyku gekjs dkjkkkL= dk ,d
ikfjHkkfkd kCn gSA dkysikuh dk naM mu cnekkksa dks fn;k tkrk gS ftUgsa lkjs bykds esa vU; lHkh vijkf/k;ksa ls Hka;dj rFkk u`kal
le>k tkrk gSA dkysikuh ds bu nafMrksa eas ls tks Hk;adjksa esa Hk;adjre fl} gkssrs gSa] mUgsa vktUe dkjkokl dk naM gksrk gSA mUgsa igys
bykdksa ds LFkkuh; dkjkxkjksa esa j[kk tkrk gS] rRipkr~ dqN fnuksa ckn mudh ijh{kk yh tkrh gSA blesa tks Lonsk vkSj Lolekt esa
j[kus ds vik= fl} gksrs gSa] mUgsa muds lacaf/kr fBdkuksa ls Bk.ks Hkstk tkrk gS \ vkSj ogka bu vijkf/k;ksa] tks nsk ds Hk;adj vlyh
cnekk fl} gksrs gSa] ds >qaM dks vaneku Hkstus ds fy, dqN fnu rd j[kk tkrk gSA muds bl vxyh ;k=k ds fy, gksus okys vkxeu
dks gh ge cafn;ksa dh ifjHkkkk esa ^pkyku* dgk tkrk gSA ukeh pksj] funZ;h] [krjukd Mkdw] u`kal gR;kjs] vkx yxkusokys] mxz
vijkf/k;ksa esa Hkh Hk;kud le>s tkusokys vkfn reke
19
fganqLFkku ds Lora= gksus ds mijkar Hkh lkojdj dks mudh phtsZ ugha ykSVkbZ xbZA mUgksaus Lor% Hkh ugha ekaxhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
47
^lTtuksa* dk lewg vkt Bk.ks ds dkjkxkj esa i/kkj jgk FkkA

canhkkyk esa bl esys ds vkus dk fnol cgqrksa dks ,d mRlo dk fnu izrhr gksrk gS( D;kasfd izR;sd canh ds izk.k bl mdrkgV Hkjs]
uhjl thou ds iasp ls] fdlh Hkh cgkus ls D;ksa u gks] eqfDr ikus ds fy, ?kqy&?kqydj dkaVk curs gSaA pkgs fdlh dkS, dk mM+rs&mM+rs
,dk/k ij fxj iM+s ;k ,d fpfM+;k dks nwljh fpfM+;k ekjus yxs& dksbZ Hkh ubZ] lk/kkj.k lh ?kVuk ,l mdrkgV Hkjs thou esa rfud
euksajtu dk dkj.k curh gS] mlesa jax Hkjrh gS vkSj fQj vkt rks ^pkyku* ds fy, iwoZorhZ ijdksVs dh ,d Hkhr dh vksV esa Lora=
dksBfj;ksa dk ,d fjDr fgLlk vkjf{kr FkkA ,l nkyku dks >kM+&cqgkjdj lkQ djus esa] jkku&ikuh ds uki&rkSy dk izca/k djus esa]
diM+ksa dh fxurh esa rFkk vU; <sj lkjs izca/kksa dh mrkoyh esa vk/ks ls vf/kd canh O;Lr Fks vkSj ksk vk/ks canh mudh ml /kka/kyh rFkk
Rofjr fujh{k.k esa viuh mrkoyh esa O;Lr FksA
pkyku vk x;k
rhu ct jgs FksA izR;sd O;fDr vius fudVorhZ canh ls vkrqjrk ls iwNrk] ^^vjs] vHkh rd* ^pkyku* D;ksa ugha vk;k\** brus esa
dkjkxkj ds }kj ls cafn;ksa esa ls dqN yksx vpkud b/kj&m/kj eqM+rs gq, fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA ^pkyku* vk x;k*] ^dgka vk x;k\*] ^gka&gka]
BsB }kj ij gSA*] ^fdrus gSa\*] ^dSls gSa\ vkkfn izuksa rFkk mkjksa dh >M+h yx xbZ vkSj cafn;ksa esa gh ugha vfirq flikfg;ksa esa Hkh HkxnM+
ep xbZ] D;ksafd os Hkh vo; gh mrus c pqds gksaxs ftrus fd ;s canhA brus esa ^>u~&>u~* dh xgjh y;c} >adkj fudV vkus yxhA
izR;sd canhoku vdsyk ;k >qaM cukdj ml ekxZ ds vkl&ikl iy Hkj ds fy, vuqkklu dks rkd ij j[krs gq, fNidj cSB jgk gSA
vk x;k] pkykku vk x;kA dksbZ vR;ar mxz] dksbZ pV~Vku ln`k dBksj] dksbZ Hk;adj [kwa[kkj] dksbZ cyoku] dksbZ dkyk dywVk] chp&chp
esa dgha nkZuh;& bl rjg fofHkUu Lo:i rFkk eqnzk ds os ekuo izk.khA dksbZ Nkrh rkudj vdM+ jgk gS] dksbZ nunukrk gqvk py jgk
gS] tSls dksbZ egku~ ijke djds vk jgk gks] dksbZ bl rjg gsdM+h trk jgk gS tSls %ue;rho xfr/kZfj=he~*] rks dksbZ nq%[k Hkkj ls khk
>qdk, yTtk ds ekjs ikuh&ikuh gksdj ?kcjkrs gq, b/kj&m/kj ns[krk gqvkA flikfg;ksa ds fu;a=.k esa nks lqfufpr iafDr;ksa esa pyrs&pyrs
mudh csfM+;ksa dh y;c} >u>ukgV& ;g lkjk n`; ns[krs le; ,d rjg dk Hk;adj euksjatu vo; gks jgk FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
48
wj MdSr
og nsf[k, ] ,dk Mkdw& mxz] nk<+h&ewaNs] yacs&yacs ckyA mtM~M&taxyh eksVh&eksVh vkSj wj xksYk&xksy ?kwerh vka[ksa] og fla/kh eqlyekuksa
esa ,d NaVk gqvk wj Mkdw! Canh ds oL= Hkh cM+h lq?kM+rk ds lkFk cka/kdj] iSjksa dh csfM+;ksa lgtrkiwoZd dej esa cka/kdj viuk fcLrj
cxy esa nck,] fdlh dks aph vkokt esa iqdkjrk gqvk] aps Loj esa ckr djrs&djrs fdlh fot;h ohj dh rjg ?kwe jgk gSA flikgh
dgrs gSa] nks ckj dkysikuh dh gok [kkdj vk;k gS vkSj vc vkthou dkysikuh ij tk jgk gSA og Lo;a ;g ks[kh c?kkj jgk gS fd og
dkysikuh ij teknkjh dj pqdk gS] ogka mlus viuh ,slh /kkd tekbZ gS fd ,d canhoku ykSaMs dks mldh vuqefr ds fcuk mlds ,d
k=q ls cfr;krs ns[kdj MaMs ds ,d gh okj ls mldk flj QksM+dj uhps fxjk fn;kA nwljs fnu og ej gh x;kA ijarq bl nqV us ;g
fjiksVZ nsdj vius gkFk >kM+ fy,s fd og yM+dk dke djrs le; fdlh dxkj ls fxj iM+kA dkysikuh ij esjh teknkjh iDdh gS&ogka
rks cl tkus Hkj dh nsjh gS& eSa teknkj cukA Qykus lkgc] veqd lkgc] bl izdkj cM+s&cM+s uke ysdj mlus uokxr cafn;ksa dks
pfdr dj fn;kA muesa ls tks dqN de vk;q ds Fks vkSj ftudh Nkrh esa vHkh rd n; uked dksbZ pht /kM+d jgh Fkh vkSj dkysikuh
tSls naM ls yfTtr Fks] blh rjg dqN vU; canh] ftUgsa bl ckr dh fpark Fkh fd vkxs dSlh dVsxh] mudks ;gh vkkk Fkh fd vkxs
pydj dgha ;g lpeqp teknkj cuk rks gesa lgkjk nsxk& vr% cspkjs vHkh ls mldh lsok&pkdjh esa yxs jgrs] mldh ^gka th] gka th*
djrsA jkLrs ls cafn;ksa dh ;g Vksyh vkrs gh LVsku ij dksbZ dsys] ukfj;y] [kk| oLrq,a] iSls vkfn nku djrsA mlesa ls iSls&oSls feyus
ij ;s canh vius bl ^teknkj* dks ns nsrs vkSj pqids ls mlds iSj jxM+rsA og Hkh mu yksxksa dks fMxhu lkgc ;k fQj ekaVQMZ lkgc
ls dgdj vkt gh eqdkneh dk dke fnyokaxk vkfn] tks th esa vk, lks uke ysdj xIisa gkadrk] vkSj viuh HkksxPs NkFkZ muds Hkksysiu
dh cfy p<+krkA
cgu dh gR;k
ns[kks] og yM+dk] vHkh ewaNsa Hkh ugha Hkhxh] vBkjg&mUuhl dh vk;q! Hkaxfs M+;ka dh laxr esa ,d fnu Hkax ds uks esa viuh cgu dks
blfy, pkdw ?kksai fn;k fd mlus xkyh nhA og rks mlh le; <sj gks xbZ vkSj ;g vc Mjrs] lgers fcNkSus ds cks> rys >qdrh dej
ds lkFk rFkk csfM+;ka mBk, u mBus ds dkj.k yaxM+krs&yaxM+krs] f?klVrk py jgk gSA bl Hk; ls lgek gqvk gS fd ,d ckj dkysikuh
x;k rks viuk xkao vkSj Lotu fQj dc fn[ksaxsA nsf[k,] bu nks fljksa ds chp esa mxzrk] yTtk]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
49
fuyZTtrk rFkk wjrk dh fofo/k izfr;ka ek% yxkbZ xbZ Fkh] tks bl f?kukSus HkksaMs tqywl esa csfM+;k [kudkrh gqbZ tk jgh FkhA
ckr&dh&ckr esa og tqywl ijdksVs ds Hkhrj ?kql x;kA muds fujh{k.kkFkZ dkjkf/kdkjh py iM+kA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh izR;sd canh flj
ij ikao j[ks nkSMk+ vkSj ;FkkLFkku igqapdj dke dk cgkuk djus yxkA lc Hkksys cus gq, FksA flikgh Hkh fdlh ds tjk lh ^pwa* djrs gh
cjl iM+rs] ^,s D;k ckr gS] dk;ns ls pyks]^ ekuks bl ckr ls loZFkk vufHkK Fks fd ,d {k.k igys b/kj dSlk ?kiYkk epk FkkA vc
rd cafn;ksa ls vf/kd flikfg;ksa dk tks HkhM+&HkM+Ddk rFkk Bsyk& Bsyh py jgh Fkh] og lc tSls ^dk;ns* ls ;k fof/kor~ py jgh FkhA
ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh
nwljs fnu ;g fufpr gqvk fd dkysikuh Hkstus ds fy, gekjk LokLF;] vk;q vkfn vuqdwy gS ;k ugha] bldh oS|dh; tkap gks tk,A
,d ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh us eq>ls dgk] ^^ ;fn vki dkysikuh ij ugha tkuk pkgrs rks eq>ls ftruk Hkh cu iM+k] vkidks ;gha j[kus dk
vo; iz;kl d:axkA** eSaus dgk]^^ vkidh ln~Hkkouk ds fy, eSa vkidk cgqr vkHkkjh gwaA ijarq eq>s fganqLFkku esa j[kuk dnkfpr~ cacbZ
ds xoZuj ds Hkh ok dh ckr ugha gksxhA vki O;FkZ dV u djasA** ml fnu iapksa ds lkeus esjh ijh{kk gks xbZA og ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh
Hkh ogka ij mifLFkr Fks ghA eq>s Toj Fkk] ijarq jhfr ds vuqlkj esjk out ysdj eq>s dkysikuh Hkstus dh ik=rk fufpr dh xbZA cxy
esa cksfj;k&fcLrj] gkFk esa cjru&csafM+;k >u>ukrs gq, esjk Hkh tqywl fudkyk x;kA eSa Hkh ml ijdksVs ds }kj ds Hkhrj ?kql x;kA ml
}kj dh nsgjh ij dkysikuh ds flag}kj dh nsgjh FkhA eSaus mls ikj fd;k] fganqLFkku ls ukrk VwV x;kA vaneku ds fy, esk izLFkku gqvkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
50
izdj.k&4
vaneku ds fy, izLFkku

Bk.ks ds dkjkx`g esa dsoy vaneku dkk pkyku can djus ds fy, gh tks Lora= ijdksVs dk Hkkx Fkk] mlesa vFkkZr~ vaneku ds ml }kj ds
vanj ikao j[krs gh ftl dksBjh esa eq>s can fd;k x;k Fkk] og dksBjh ;|fi vdsyh Fkh rFkkfi mlls ,d ds ckn ,d yxh gqbZ dksBfj;ksa
esa vaneku tk jgs lkjs cafn;ksa ds Hkjs gksus vkSj Hkkstu djrs&?kqers muds Hkkk.k] mlkala]s jksuk vkSj galuk ;g lc ;quus vkS j ns[kus ls
cgqr fnu ds esjs eu dks ml nq%[k esa Hkh dqN vkuan vk, fcuk u jgkA eSaus mu cafn;ksa dk ^galuk* tks dgk] og lp gSA nq%[k vkSj
;krukvksa dh Hk;inz lqjax ds nq%[k dh vfr esa galuk gh gj rjg dh galh esa fodV gksrk gSA nq%[k dk Hkkj vlguh; gksus vFkok
fuYkZTtrk ds da/ks ls mls gyds ls Qsad nsus ls nq%[k Hkh f[kyf[kykus yxrk gSA kksd Hkh mlh rjg galrk gS] ftl rjg gkZ dk vfrjsd
gksus ij og jksrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd kal dh jkT;kafr ds nkSjku vekuk jDrjatu o/k] gR;kvksa] Qkalh vkSj ekjdkV dh isfjl esa
vfr gks xbZ Fkh] vkSj ,slh Hkhk.k fLFkfr gks xbZ Fkh fd vkt iz /kkuea=h cus vkSj dy QkalhA ml le; tks ukV~;x`g dHkh brus ugha
Hkjrs Fks] os Hkh [kpk[kp Hkjs jgrs Fks vkSj e/kqkkyk,a] hM+ky; lrr ukp&xkukas] galh&dgdgksa ls xwatrs jgrs FksA
mUeqDr gkL;
fiNys egk;q} esa Hkh ;gh vuqHko gqvkA teZu iuMqfCc;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk ukfodksa dks ;q} esa lHkh lSfudksa ls vf/kd dVizn rFkk
ekjd lsok djuh iM+hA mUgsa rRdky vius izk.k gFksyh ij ysdj lkxj esa xksrs yxkus iM+rs vkSj leqnz ds xHkZ esa iy&iy e`R;q dh
vis{kk djrs ekjus dk dke djuk iM+rkA ml Hk;izn vfufpr ds /kwe&/kM+kds esa dHkh&dHkh ;s iuMqfCc;ka fdlh rVh; kgj esa vkdj
foJke
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
51
djrha] rc mrus ls vYi dky esa Hkksx&foykl ds fy, tks fogkjky; cuk, x, Fks] muesa ls dbZ esa ;g /;s; okD; gksrk&^,UtkW; fVy
nkm xks,LV eSM! ,UtkW; QkWj Vqekjksa oh Mk;!!* galks csVk] bruk galks fd mUekn gks tk,] D;kasfd dy rqEgsa djky dky dk xzkl tks
cuuk gS! bl rjg ds hM+ky;ksa esa mUeqDr gkL;&gqYyM+ lH;rk lHkh fu;fer ca/kuksa dks iSjksa rys dqpydj fnu&jkr mPNà[ky rkaMo
djrh jgrh A og gkL; tkurk Fkk fd vkt tks mldk uke bl rkaMo iVy Ikj gS] ogh mldk dy e`R;q ds ljdkjh iVy ij nTkZ
fd;k tk,xkA rkRdkfyd nq%[k dk gkL; lHkh gkL;ksa esa fodV gksrk gSA
mu lHkh oLrqvksa ls] tks thou dks je.kh;rk iznku djrh gSa] oafpr gksdj Hkh ml dkjkokl esa] tgka gq, ikq Hkh Fkj&Fkj dkairs gSa]
csfM+;ksa esa tdM+s] iki djrs&djrs cskeZ gks x,] iki ls iwjk ifjp; u gksus ds dkj.k th rksM+&rksM+dj [kkusokys] ks/k esa yky&ihyk
gksdj dq<+rs jgus okys vkSj nq%[k ls fgpfd;ka Hkj&Hkjdj jksuos kys lSdM+ksa tho djkgrs gq, gh lgh] tksj&tksj ls Bgkds yxk jgs FksA
rhoz ladV ds euksjatukFkZ lk/kkj.k fouksn i;kZIr u gksus ls chHkRl fouksn :ih nk: dh cksrysa xVdrs gq, os uks eas >we&>wedj py
jgs FksA dksbZ fla/k dk] dksbZ /kkjokM+ dk] dksbZ dksad.k dk] dksbZ xqtjkr dk fuoklhA mudh fofHkUu Hkkkk,a Hkys gh muds euks fopkj rFkk
euksfodkj dks iwjh rjg vfHkO;Dr djus eas jgus dk volj ikdj lkekftd vkuan esa {k.k Hkj dks eXu gks x;k FkkA lka> dh osyk
vFkkZr~ bl fonzksg gsrw mBh chHkRl Hkkoukvksa rFkk fouksn ds uaxs ukp dh osykA gj dksBjh ls ph[kus&fpYykus] xkyh&xykSt] Bgkdksa]
vuqPpkj.kh; kCnksa dk th Hkjdj mPpkj vkfn ckrksa dh jsyisy gksrh vkSj mlesa Hkh FkksM+h lh drZO;fuBk dh xa/k vkrhA euq; LoHkko
fdruk fofp= gS! ;s v/ke&ls&v/ke O;fDr ;gh le>rs fd bl rjg chHkRl gqYyM+ckth djuk viuk ije drZO; gSA eu dks tc rd
;g le> esa ugaha vkrk fd v/kerk Hkh viuk ,d drZO; gS&v/ke O;fDr ;gh le>rs fd bl rjg chHkRl gqYyM+ckth djuk viuk
ije drZO; gSA eu dks tc rd ;g le> esa ugaha vkrk fd v/kerk Hkh viuk ,d drZO; gS&v/ke O;fDr ljsvke v/kerk ugha dj
ldrkA mu cafn;ksa esa vHkh Hkh ikuh ksk gS vkSj blfy, bl uaxs u`R; esa cs/kM+d fgLlk ysus dk fuYZkTt lkgl vHkh rd ugha dj lds
Fks] fpYyk&fpYykdj dgrs] ^,s HkkbZ] xkvksA ,s lkyk] fpYyk u! vjs vius pkyku ds uke dk Madk ctuk pkfg, u! fiNyh ckj tc
ge ;gka vk, rc njoktksa ds lh[kpksa dks idM+&idM+dj mUgsa tksj&tksj ls fgykrs vkSj cjru nhokj ij ekjrs jgs] flikgh fxM+fxM+kdj
iSj idM+us
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
52
yxs vkSj mUgksaus gjsd dks pqipki rekdw Fkekk nhA HkbZ] xyk QkM+&QkM+dj fpYykvksa pkyku dk uke er MqcksukA*
pkyku dk uke
D;kasfd pkyku dkjktxr~ dh ,d eguh; laLFkk gh cu xbZ Fkh] blfy, mldk uke dksbZ lk/kkj.k ckr ugha FkhA ml pkyku ds lHkkln
dk mPp Lfkku gesa lgtrk ls ugha feyk FkkA iqfyl pkSdh] eftLVsV] dksVZ] lsku] T;wjh] gkbZdksVZ vkfn dbZ ijh{kkvksa esa [kjk mrjk
vFkok p<+k euq; gh vktUe dkjkokl] dkysikuh dh izfrBk izkIr dj ikrk gSA frlij Hkh pqu&pqudj tks fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds izfrfuf/k
:ih cnekk ;gka vk, Fks] mu cnekkksa dh ;g izeq[k laLFkk FkhA mldk iwokZij ykSfdd :i ,slk Fkk fd Fkkus esa pkyku dk vkxeu
gksrs gh flikgh] goynkj] tsyj] lqifjVsaMsaV lHkh fparkeXu gksus pkfg,] nhokjsa VwVuh pkfg,] lh[kpsa m[kM+us pkfg,] flj QwVus pkfg,]
nks&,d flikfg;ksa dks mudh ^gka th] gka t* djrs gq, tSls&rSls viuh tku cpkuh pkfg,& rHkh mls pkyku dgk tk,xk&rHkh mldk
uke lkFkZd gksxkA vU;Fkk] cnekkksa ds os vkpk;Z] dqYkxq: uwru lnL;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, dgrs]^fQj cnekkh D;ksa\ ;gh pkyku
dh iwoZ ijaijk gSA vkt bl ukephu laLFkk dk laPkkyu gekjs gkFk esa vkus ds dkj.k gekjk drZO; gS fd ge og ijaijk fuHkk,aA ph[kks]
fpYykvksa] ukpks xkfy;ka nksA pkyku dk uke jksku djuk pkfg, u HkkbZ!*
vkSj cafn;ksa esa tks ml chHkRl fouksn rFkk fuYkZTt O;ogkj dk uaxk u`R; dj jgs Fks] os dqN vakksa esa drZO; Hkkouk ls mksftr gksdj gh
,slk dj jgs FksA chp esa gh dksbZ fuyZTt fkjksef.k ph[krk] ^pkyku dk uke jkf[k;ks] HkkbZ! vkSj fQj lhfV;ka rkfy;ka] csfM+;ks a dh
>u>ukgV dh /kek&pkSdM+h kq:A iwokZij pys vk, bl pkyku dk ^,oa izofrZra pa ukuqorZ;rhg ;%A v?kk;qfjfnza;kjkeks eks?ka ikFkZ l
thofrAA* bl rjg mnkk cqf} ls os lkjs yksx nl&ckjg cts rd ml uhp drZO; dks fuHkkus dk iz;kl djrs jgsA pkyku ds bl
laLFkkxr vfHkeku ds lkeus D;k flikgh] D;k lqifjVsaMsaV lHkh viuk lkjk cM+Iiu rkd ij j[kdj xqipqi rekdw yks] fpYykvks] ckr
djks] ij vkil esa /kheh vkokt esa vkSj fdlh izdkj Bk.ks ds bl dkjkx`g ls Hkkx u tk,a] ;g lko/kkuh j[krs gq,A iqfyl vQljksa dks
mrus gh canh fxu fn,] ftrus fy, Fks rc le>ks xaxk ugk x,] vkSj bl rjg ukd esa ne gksus ij fu<ky gks tkrsA drZO;&deZ ogh gS
fd ftldh izkalk ftl lekt esa ge jgrs gSa] mldk cgqtu lekt djrk gSA ;g lk/kkj.k lgt Hkkouk gSA bl fo/kku dk ikskd
mnkgj.k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
53
bl pkyku ds laLFkkxr vfHkeku ls dqN ijs <wa<+uk vko;d ugha gSA ftl lekt esa chHkRl fouksn drZO; fl} gksrk gS] ml lekt esa
og O;fDr ikih rFkk lekt&fuafnr fl} gksxk gh] tks bl rjg ds fouksn esa lfEefyr ugha gksrkA gksyh ds R;ksgkj esa tks xkscj ls ugha
[ksyrk] ogh vfkV fl} gksrk gS vkSj lekt mldh vksj migkl rFkk frjLdkj cqf} ls ns[krk gSA
ckfyLVj dh izfrBk
ml jkr esjh Hkh voLFkk dqN ,slh gh gks tkrh] ijarq lkSHkkX;ok ^cSfjLVj* vkSj ^cM+k lkgc* ds :i esa ftls&frl ds eqa g esa viuk
cksyckyk FkkA cafn;ksa esa vkSj muesa Hkh ?kqVs gq, cnekk vijkf/k;ksa esa] ;fn fdlh oxZ ds fok; esa lgt vknjHkko rFkk Hk; mRiUu gksrk
gS] rks og ^cSfjLVj* oxZ ds fok; esa gSA dfo] fo}ku] lkfod tuksa ds laca/k esa mudh dksbZ foksk Hkkouk ugha gksrh] Hkys gh og vaxsztksa
dk iz/kkuea=h gh D;ksa u gksA ijarq ^cSfjLVj* dgrs gh vknjfefJr vkp;Z Hkko ls Hk`dqfV;ka rkudj muds eq[k ls Hkh ^vPNk!* fudy
gh tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k HKh LiV gSA pksjh] mPkDdh] Mkdstuh] U;k;y; rFkk dkjkx`g esa mudk lkjk tUe O;rhr gksrk gSA m/kj
muds erkuqlkj lgt gh ^ckfyLVj* drqZedrqZeU;FkkdrqZe~ leFkZ ,d vf}rh; izk.kh izrhr gksxk gh] D;kasfd og muds vR;ar dqkyrkiwoZ d
cqus gq, ikiksa ds tky viuh dqkkxz cqf} }kjk fNUu&fofNUu djrk gS vFkok blds foijhr muds LiV xkspj vijk/kksa dks viuh cqf}
dh <ky ds uhps fNikdj mUgsa funksZk&cjh tks djk nsrk gSA mudk bl izk.kh ls Mjuk LokHkkfod gSA mlls gkFk feykus ds fy,] mlls
fe=rk djus ds fy, os LokHkkfod :i ls iz;kl djrs gSaA izkphudky esa cknkkg vkSj chjcy dh lqjl dFkk,a nwj&nwj rd Qsyh gSaA
Hkys gh esjh ^ckfyLVjh* dk esjs fy, dksbZ mi;ksx u gqvk gks] rFkkfi bruk mi;ksx rks ;gka vo; gks x;kA fdruk gh cM+k cnekk D;ksa
u gks] esjs lkeus >V ls uez cu tkrk A
ml jkr eSa lyk[kksa ls can }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgdj chHkRlrk dk og uaxk u`R; lqu&ns[k jgk FkkA cgqr fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ brus Loj
rFkk dksykgy lqu jgk FkkA ,dkarokl ls esjk eu fpM+fpM+k gks x;k Fkk] ogh larIr eu ml chHkRlrk] HkksaMsiu ls /k`.kk dj ihNs gVus
dh ctk; euksfodkjksa ds foLQksV ls vkx yxkA feV~Vh ds rsy dk duLrj tSls ,dne yisVksa esa f?kj tk,& mlds mtkys esa og rekkk
ns[krk jgk vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs gh ml dkj.k rFkk Lo:i dk rkfod i`FkDdj.k Hkh djrk jgkA Hkys gh O;fDrxr nq%[k ls eu O;kdqy gks]
rFkkfi ml xM+cM+>kys esa eu viuk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
54
nq%[k&nnZ Hkwydj ?kM+h Hkj ds fy, og rekkk ns[ks fcuk vU; dqN dj Hkh ugha ldrk] bruk mu yksxksa ds Bgkdksa dk kksj gks jgk FkkA
eaSus mlesa izR;{k fgLlk ugha fy;k rFkk pkyku us ;g dgrs gq, mldh vis{kk dh fd ^ckfyLVj lkgc dks rax er djksA* bruk gh
ugha]X;kjg cts jkr dks tc mudk gaxkek fk[kj ij igqap x;k rc flikfg;ksa us muls dgk]^^lkc dks uhan ugha vk jgh gS] vr% rqe
Hkh vc lks tkvksA** ;g dgrs gh mu flikfg;ksa us muls dgk] ^^ckfyLVj lkc dks uhan ugha vk jgh gS] vr% rqe Hkh vc lks tkvksA**
;g dgrs gh mu cafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa us ph[kuk&fpYykuk can fd;k vkSj fQj yxHkx ckjg cts jkr esjh vka[k yx xbZA
izkr% dk Lej.k gks vk;k fd esjs T;sB ca/kq ckckjko tc vktUe dkjkokl*20 ij x,] rc os blh rjg ds fdlh pkyku ds lkFk x,
gksaxs vkSj mlls igys ;gha&dgha mUgsa can j[kk x;k gksxkA vr% okWMZj ls iwNk] ij og u;k Fkk] dqN ugha tkurk FkkA ,d iqjkus flikgh
us FkksM+h lh [kkstchu djrs gq, dgk]^^mUgsa blh dksBjh esa can fd;k x;k Fkk] tgka vkt eq>s j[kk x;k gSA** og flikgh pyk x;kA esjh
vka[kksa ds lkeus esjs T;sB ca/kq dh ewfrZ [kM+h gks xbZ A muds vfHk;ksx ds le; esjs lkFk tks yksxk Fks] muls eq>s Kkr gks x;k Fkk fd
tsy esa mUgsa dM+h ;a=uk,a lguh iM+hA eq>s mudh ;a=uk,a Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA mudh og nsg eq>s fn[kkbZ nsus yxh] tks ;kruk,a ls
O;kdqy izk.k gksus ij mu dVksa ds kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld vk?kkr lgrh gqbZ [kM+h Fkh] tSls ,d ckj cgdk gqvk gBh xtjkt vius
xaMLFky ij rh{.k&ls&rh{.k vk?kkrksa dks ^mQ* rd u djrs gq, lgrk gS vkSj vfM_;y cuk vpy [kM+k jgrk gSA bl dksBjh esa og
ohj iq:k lyk[kksa ds ikl mlh rjg gkFk eyrk gqvk [kM+k jgk gksxk tSls i{khjkt x:M+ fiatjs ds ikl >qa>ykrk] >Yykrk gqvk jgrk
gSA esjh fpark rks ugha djrs gksaxs\ ;k eu esa ;g rks ugha dgrs gksax&s D;k gqvk eSa pyk x;k rks \ og rks ihNs gS u\ fQj fpark dkgs
dh\ og ns[k ysxkA ;fn ;g dgrs gksaxs rks vc eq>s Hkh blh vkgr gksrs ns[kdj mUgsa dSlk izrhr gksxk\ mUgsa fdruk vk?kkr igqapsxk\
blls vPNk gS] ;fn muls esjh izR;{k HksaV u gks vkSj eq>s fHkUu&fHkUu okMksZa esa j[kk tk,A
esjs fopkj ls ;fn eq> vdsys dks gh naM Hkqxruk iM+rk rks esjs eu dks mu osnukvksa dk] tks eSaus Hkqxrh gS] ipkloka fgLlk gh Hkksxuk
ugha iM+rkA ijarq ,d rks eSa viuh osnuk,a lgrk Fkk vkSj mlh le; ;fn esjh vka[kksa ds lkeus esjs vxzt dks Hkh] tks eq>s Hkxoku~
ln`k iwT; gS] eq>ls Hkh vf/kd ;a=uk,a >syrs gq, eq>s ns[kuk iM+rk] lquuk iM+rk rks ml le; esjh lgukfDr ,slh HkjHkjkrh tSls
rwQku esa
20
x.ksk ckckjko nkeksnj lkojdj dks twu 1901 ds fnu vkthou dkjkokl dk naM fn;k x;k FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
55
dksbZ izpaM oVo`{k dM+dM+ djrk HkjHkjkdj /kkjkkk;h gks tkrk gSA esjk dystk Nyuh gks tkrkA
,d fooklh vf/kdkjh ls iwNk ^^;gka mUgsa dksbZ dV rks ugha fn;k x;k Fkk\** mlus dgk] ^ôSls rks ugha gqvk] ij vkids vfHk;ksxh
vfHk;ksx esa tks lg vfHk;qDr gksrs gSa] mUgsa dkjkx`g esa ^dks&,D;wTM* dgk tkrk gS dgk djrsA** mudk ;g vkoklu lqudj FkksMh+
jkgr feyhA de&ls&de bl dejs esa rks os pSu dh uhan lksrs gksaxsA eSaus mlh vf/kdkjh ls Jh okeujko tkskh121 ] lkse.k222 vkfn lg
vfHk;qDrksa dh Bk.ks dh tkudkjh pkghA
Pkys HkS;k dkykikuh
nks&pkj fnu esa vaneku izLFkku djus ds fy, lHkh cafn;ksa dh ml lsuk dks ckgj fudkyk x;kA vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk eSa Hkh dksBjh ds
ikl RkS;kj gksdj [kM+k jgkA iSjksa esa csfM+;ka] vaneku ds fy, ,d vaxksNk] ,d pn~nj vkSj ,d caMh& bl rjg dk osk] cxy esa
tSls&rSls nck;k gqvk VkV vkSj dacy dk fcLrj] ftls ml VkV ds [kqnjsiu rFkk dBksjrk ds dkj.k yisVuk dfBu gks jgk Fkk vkSj ,d
gkFk esa Vhu ds ^Fkkyh ikV*A iqUk% og Vksyh ,d iafDr esa rkyc} csfM+;ka >Uk>ukrh gqbZ pyhA tks dksbZ Hkh fn[ks] mls ^jke&jke] pys
HkS;k dkykikuh* dgrs gq, jke&jke dk vknku&iznku djrh gqbZ og Vksyh py jgh FkhA
tsy ds }kj ij vkrs gh og Vksyh ckgj fudyhA flikfg;ksa dk canwd rkus igjk LkTt gks x;k vkSj ml iafDr dks ysdj vkxs c<+ x;kA
LVsku rd os iSny pys iajrq eq>s mlesa lfEefyr ugha fd;k x;kA Hkyk ,slk D;ksa \ eq>s fpark gksus yxhA brus esa ,d eksVj vk xbZA
nks gV~Vs&dV~Vs xksjs vf/kdkjh ckgj fudysA eSA Hkhrj cSB x;k] fQj os cS x, vkSj eksVj can gks xbZA u tkus dSls iajrq kgj vkS j
LVsku ij ;g ckr QSy xbZ Fkh fd eSa vkt gh dkykikuh izLFkku dj jgk gwaA ftl ekxZ ls canh tkrs gSa] ml ekxZ ij esj k Hkh nkZu
gksxk] blh vkl esa yksx gj izdkj ls iz;kl djds fNi&fNidj Vkirs tes gq, Fks] vr% eq>s xqipqi vU; ekxZ ls ys tkuk vko;d FkkA
;g ,d dkj.k Fkk vkSj nwljh ckr ;g fd eaS eklsZfyl ls Hkkxk gqvk vkSj os xqIr kM~;a= ds fnu! Uk tkus dkSu dgka dSlk kM~ ;a=
jpdj esjh eqfDr dk iz;kl djs&D;k dg ldrs gSaA lgt Mx Hkjrs mu fnuksa lqjax mM+rh FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa eklasZfyl
21
22
tSDlu gR;k esa vfHk;qDr&bUgsa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl naM gqvk FkkA
kadj jkepanz lkse.k&bUgsa Hkh tSDlu gR;k kM~;=
a esa naM gks pqdk FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
56
dk izekn fQj ls u nksgjk;k tk,] blfy, eq>s LVsku ij ml tu&leqnk; esa ls iSny ys tkus dh ctk; Lora= eksVj esa ys tk;k
x;kA
bl rjg tc&tc eq>s Lora= eksVj ls foksk O;oLFkk ds lkFk dgha ys tk;k tkrk rc&rc cafn;ksa esa esj s laca/k esa cM+Iiu dh /kkj.kk
gksrh]ôg D;k] og rks HkS;k] jktk gS jktk! ns[kks mls eksVj nh xbZA og gekjs lkFk iSj ?klhVrs iSny FkksMs+ gh vk,xk!* dksbZ dgrk]
^ljdkj mlls Mjrh gSA ns[kks] dSls eksVjdkj yk nhA* eklsZfyl ds tgkt ls Hkkxus ds iz;klksa ds tks ykHk gq, muesa ls ;g Hkh ,d
ykHk gqvk fd eksVj dh [kwc lSj gks xbZ vkSj mlls cafn;ksa esa esjs laca/k esa tks ldkj.k&vdkj.k vknjHkko Fkk vkSj ftlds fy, ljdkjh
vf/kdkjh MVdj iz;Rukhy Fks fd og vknjHkko u cus] c<+rk gh pyk x;kA
LVsku ij vkrs gh eq>s ,d Lora= fMCcs esa Bwalk x;kA esjs gkFkksa esa tks gFkdM+h Fkh] mldk nwljk fljk ,d Hkhedk; vaxszt vf/kdkjh ds
gkFk ls tdM+k gqvk FkkA esjs fy, ml cspkjs dks gFkdM+h iguuh iM+hA esjs iSjksa esa csfM+;ka rks Fkh gh] gkFk esa gFkdM+h FkhA bruk gh ugha
vfirq mlus esjs nwljs gkFk dks Hkh dl fy;k FkkA /kksrh [kksaluh gks rks mlds gkFk ls [kksaluh iM+rhA ml vf/kdkjh ds gkFk ls esjk gkFk
cka/kus ds dkj.k kkSp] y?kq kadk lc fof/k;ka lkFk&lkFk] lksuk Hkh lkFk&lkFkA dbZ ;k=kvksa esa bl izdkj dk f?kukSukiu rFkk dV lguk
iM+kA
eq>s fMCcs esa Bwalk x;kA ijarq ,slk ugha fd fdlh us eq>s ns[kk gh ughaA tks yksx m/kj mRlqdrkok vk, gq, Fks mUgsa nwj [knsM +k tkrkA
ijarq dqN lwjksfi;u Hkh ns[kus ds fy, vk, FksA os fMCcs ds ikl vkrs] muesa ls dqN yksx can f[kM+fd;ka [kksydj nsk fkV kCn
fkVrkiwoZd cksyrs vFkok mn~naMrkiwoZd ns[kdj pys tkrsA mu ij dM+h ikca/kh ugha FkhA xkM+h NwVus ds ckn tgka&tgka og [kM+h gksrh]
ml LVsku ij igqapus ls igys esjs fMCcs dh lkjh f[kM+fd;ka can dj nh tkrhA tc ls baXYkSaM NwVk] eSaus dHkh [kqyh f[kM+fd;ks okys fMCCks
esa cSBdj ;k=k dh gh ughaA ijarq bl LVSku ij esjs lkFk vk, gq, ,d vf/kdkjh us u tkus igys ls gh ogka ds fonskh yksxksa ls D;k
lkaBxkaB dh Fkh] esjs fMCcs dh f[kM+fd;ka [kksy nh xbZA dkQh xksjs yksx FkksMh+ &FkksMh+ nwjh ij [kM+s FksA eSaus ns[kk] muesa ls dqN yksxksa us
mRlqdrk ds vkosk esa viuh eseksa dks da/kksa ij mBk;k gqvk FkkA ,d us eq>s ladsr fd;k] f[kM+dh ds ikl [kM+s jgksA eSa [kM+k jgk rks
^Theres he, that is Savarkar* dk gYyk lqukbZ fn;kA ;s xksjs yksx Hkh] ftUgksaus eq>s ns[kus ds fy, ogka HkhM+ yXkkbZ Fkh] bruk fudV
ugha vk ik, fd eq>ls nks ckrsa djsaA pkj&iakp xksjs vkdj pys x,] ijarq eSaus Lo;a igy djds fdlh dk uke ugha iwNkA muds laHkkk.k
esa izk;%A vknjHkko vkSj de&ls&de fkVrk rks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
57
fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA bDdk&nwDdk xksjk mn~naM gksrk FkkA ;fn bl rjg dksbZ vkrk rks og esjh eqnzk Hkh oSlh gh ikrkA vkrk vkSj tkrk] EkSa
Hkh mls dqN ugha fxurkA
eksxykbZ eSnku
izk;% esjs fMCcs dh f[kM+fd;ka can jgrh A fMCcs ds nwljs fgLls esa] tks yksgs ds lh[kpksa ls esjs fgLls ls vyx fd;k x;k Fkk] dkysikuh ds
lkjs canh /kekpkSdM+h epk jgs gSaA xjeh ds fnuA vaxkj cjlkrh fpyfpykrh /kwi] vlguh; melA dksbZ ckjkr Hkh mRlokFkZ ;k=k dj
jgh gksrh rks Hkh mls ;k=k lq[kn ugha yxrhA frlij eSa rks dkysikuh ds vkthou dkjkokl ds fy, tk jgk FkkA fMCcs ds ckgj eksxykbZ
eSnku vkaos dh rjg ri jgs FksA Hkhrj ml fMCcs esa mel dh mruh gh rhozrk ls vax&vax NviVk jgk Fkk vkSj ml ek dh rhozrk
rFkk NviVkgV mruh gh vlguh; Fkh ftruh var%dj.k fLFkfr ek dhA bl fLFkfr esa og jsy eksxykbZ eSnku esa ls gksrh enzkl pyhA
tc eu vf/kd VwVrk rks :l ls lkbcsfj;k tkr jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;kas dh ;k=k esa tks nqxZ/k cuh Fkh] mldk Lej.k djds eSa
vius eu dks le>krk] ^vjs] vHkh Hkksxk gh D;k gS reus\ ;g dksbZ dgus dh ckr FkksM+s gh gS\ tks djsxk lks HkjsxkA tks Hkjsxk lks
djsxkA*
xkao ds ihNs xkao] uxjksa ds ihNs uxj NksMr
+ h gqbZ] ou&miou] ioZr] unh&ukyksa dks ikj djrh og jsyxkM+h fdlh gM+dkbZ gqbZ ks juh dh
rjg eq>s eqga esa nck, Hkkxrh tk jgh FkhA gk;&gk;! ftruh rhoz xfr ds lkFk og eq>s viuh ekr`Hkwfe ls dkysikuh dh vksj [khaprh
gqbZ ys tk jgh gS mruh gh rhoz xfr ls og dkysikuh ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe ij eq>s dc yk,xh\ dHkh yk,xh HKh fd ugha\ dSls yk,xh\
;g vkkk djuk ,d ekufld vkp;Z gh gSA lkbcsfj;k esa Hkh^:l! gk; esjk :l* djrs&djrs esjs Hkh izk.k i[ks: mM+ tk,axsA
enzkl vk x;kA ysy ls mrjrs gh eq>s ,d rjQ lHkh cafn;ksa ls vyx djds igjs esa j[kk x;kA xkM+h ds lkFk ,d ;wjksfi;u vf/kdkjh
cM+h nwj ls vk;k FkkA gks ldrk gS] og jsy dk vf/kdkjh gks ;k iqfyl dk A og gj nks&rhu LVskuksa ds Ipkr~ mu vkf/kdkfj;ksa esa] tks
esjh fuxjkuh ds fy, fu;qDr fd, x, Fks] fdlh ,d ls dqN ckr djds eq>s ns[kdj okil ykSVrkA laHkor% vc og eq>s NksM+dj okil
ykSV jgk gksA esjs ikl vkdj og ckr djus yxk] mldk xyk :a/kk gqvk Fkk] ^^Good bye, Friend! vyfonk fe=! eq>s yxrk gS]
vki izHkq dìk ls fnlacj esa jkT;kjksg.k ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
58
le; eqDr gksaxsA** eSaus dgk] ^^ vkidh kqHkdkeuk ds fy, vkHkkjh gwaA ijarq gekjs ?kko brus gjs gSa fd brus kh?kz dSls Hkjs axs\ bl rjg
dh vkkk ij fuHkZj jguk ew[kZrk gh gksxhA** mUgksaus brus vkoLr Loj esa dgk] tSls fd og trkuk pkgrs Fks fd vf/kdkjh gksus ds ukrs
os dqN foksk tkurs gSa] ^êq>ij fookl j[kksA vki vo; eqDr gksaxsA vPNk] vkils fonk ysrk gwaA vkids /khjksnkk vkpj.k dh vfeV
Nki This your dignified courage esjs eu ij vafdr gks xbZ gSA** vU; vf/kdkjh Hkh fonk ysrs gq, pys x,A eklsZfyl dh
yach&pkSM+h xIisa lwuus ds dkj.k mudh ;gh /kkj.kk cuh Fkh fd bl ;k=k eas Hkh eSa mUgsa cgqr rax d:axkA vaxszt dks ns[krs gh esjs
ru&cnu esa vkx yx tkrh gSA eSa dksbZ mn~naM] vfkV rFkk Hk;adj O;fDr gwaA ijarq bl ;k=k esa mUgsa tjk Hkh dV u gqvk vkSj eq>s
var esa enzkl ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lkSaius ds Ikpkr~ tSls mudk eu kkar gqvk vkSj mUgsa eq>esa brus ln~xq.k fn[kkbZ fn, fd mUgksaus Vksih
mrkjdj eq>s iz.kke Hkh fd;kA
mlh le; enzkl esa dysDVj vks dh gR;k gks pqdh FkhA vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lansg Fkk fd bl gR;k dk laca/k ;wjksi fLFkr^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds
,d usrk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA vr% esjk vuqeku Fkk gh fd bl laca/k esa izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i esa eq>ls dqN&u&dqN vo; iwNk
tk,xkA baXySaM esa esjs idM+s tkus ds ckn eq>s fganqLFkku esa okil yk;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj esjk izdj.k lekIr gksus ij eq>s vaneku ys
tkus dh O;oLFkk gks jgh Fkh] rc lpeqp gh eSa ;g ugha tkurk Fkk fd ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds rRdkyhu mik/;{k Jh v;j23 &fgnaqLFkku
esa vk, FksA budh vle; e`R;q ls bl okZ lewpk vk;kZorZ foy gks jgk FkkA eSa bl ckr ls lpeqp vufHkK Fkk fd os fganqLFkku vk,
gq, gSa os ;wjksi ls ukuk oskksa vkSj fof/k;ksa rFkk mn~ns; ls ;k=k djrs] flj ij vfr xaHkhj vkjksiksa ds okWjsaV fy, fganqLFkku dh lhekvksa
ij dM+h xqIrpj O;oLFkk ds ckotqn fganqLFkku esa ikafMpsjh esa vk /keds FksA vaneku esa lkr&vkB okZ xqtkjus ds ckn lhsV fjiksVZ
i<+dj eq>s Kkr gqvk fd iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ;g dYiuk Fkh fd ogka ls mUgksaus ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* dh kk[kk dh lgk;rk ls mlds
lnL;ksa esa ls ,d kkDr czk.k ds gkFkksa rwrhdksfju ds dysDVj dh xksyh ekjdj gR;k djokbZ Fkh] ij ml le; ;g Hkh eq>s Kkr ugha
Fkk fd Jh v;j okil ykSV vk, gSaA
enzkl ds ml dysDVj dh gR;k dk lekpkj eq>s izkIr gks pqdk Fkk vkSj cl bruk gh lR; gS fd eq>s ;g lansg Fkk fd izk;% enzkl ds
^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds fdlh lnL; }kjk gh ;g dBksj d`R; laIkUu djk;k x;k gksxkA ijarq bl vkkk ls fd eq>s
23
osadV lqcz.;e v;j] fk-y- djanhdj fyf[kr ^lkojdj ds lg;ksxh* khkZd iqLrd esa mudk pfj= gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
59
;g lekpkj Kkr gh ugha gqvk gks vkSj blfy, eSa lgtrkiwoZd enzkl kk[kk dh dqN okkkZ mxyawxk& enzkl vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls ,d
Hkkjrh; vf/kdkjh] ftUgksaus vaxzsth osk /kkj.k fd;k Fkk& eq>ls feysA lkxj esa vaneku dk ty;ku êgkjktk* vk;k gqvk gSA lkjs canh
,d cM+h lh uko esa BsykBsyh djds m/kj jokuk fd, x,A cl eSa gh ksk jg x;k FkkA brus esa eq>s ys tkus ds fy, ;s vkSj vU;
,d&nks vf/kdkjh ,d NksVh uko ds lkFk vk x,A eSa ml NksVh uS;k esa cSB x;kA eSa Lo;a viuh vksj ls dHkh fdlh ls okkkZyki izkja Hk
ugha djrk] D;ksafd eSa Bgjk ,d canh] dksbZ Hkh QVkd ls MkaV fiyk,xk]^pqi jgksA* dqN le; ds Ikpkr~ b/kj&m/kj dk dqky&eaxy
iwNdj mu vf/kdkfj;ksa us viuh ftKklk izdV dh fd baXYkSaM fLFkr kafrdkfj;ksa dh esjs ihNs dSlh voLFkk gks xbZ gksxhA eSaus dgk]** ;g
rks vkidks eq>s rko fnykus ds fy, mUgksaus dgk] ** gka] ;g Hkh lR; gSA vkSj dSls vfdapu iM~;a=! pkj yksx Hkh muesa lfEefyr ugha
FksA** eSaus galdj dgk]^^rks vki gh dqN yksxksa dks bdV~Bk djrsA**
^^vjs] dSlh ckr djrs gSaA bl enzkl bykds ds yksx cM+s fkV vkSj foosdkhy gSa] u fd vkids bykds ds uo;qodksa ds leku fNNysA
b/kj dksbZ izpkjd vk Hkh x;k rks mls ,d Hkh vuq;k;h ugha feysxkA** ;g ckr djrs le; ix&ix ij mudk Yk{; bl ij dsafnzr Fkk
fd eSa mudk izfrjks/k djus ds fy, enzkl ds dqN ukephu kafrdkfj;ksa ds uke rks ugha mxyus yxkA ckn esa Lo;a gh dgus
yxs]^^vkidk vuqHko dSlk jgk\** eSaus dgk] ^êq>ls vf/kd vki yksxksa dks enzkl dk vuqHko jgk gksxkA**mUgksaus dgk]^êSaus rks enzkl esa
loZ= kkafr gh ns[khA** eSaus fLer djrs gq, dgk]^^Bhd gS u! vki fookliwoZd dgrs gSa fd b/kj gj dgha kkafr gS \** og le> x;kA
og nwljk vf/kdkjh Hkh eqLkdjk;kA dgus yxk] ^^mUgsa lcdqN Kkr gksxkA dsoy vki mUgsa mdlkus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa vkSj os vkidks
mdlk jgs gSaA**
Okg NksVh ukSdk] tks eq>s ysdj vkbZ Fkh] vaneku ls vkbZ gqbZ êgkjktk* uked fokky okiukSdk ls lV xbZA eq >s gFkdM+h iM+h gqbZ Fkh
ghA mlds lkFk gh ml ty;ku dh lh<+h ij dMs+ igjs esa eq>s p<+k;k x;kA eSa ij p<+ gh jgk Fkk fd ml le; tgkt esa lokj gq,
;k=h] ukSdj&pkdj] vf/kdkjh rFkk vkl&ikl dh NksVh&NksVh ukSdkvksa esa lokj gksdj vk, gq, nkZd og n`; ns[kus ds fy,
/kDde&/kDdk djus yxs vkSj vaneku ds ml tgkt ij eq>s lokj gksrs gq, ,sls ns[kus yxs tSls ge fdlh ko dks vjFkh ij p<+krs
vkSj Bhd rjg ls cka/krs gq, foLe; vkSj ftKklkiwoZd ns[krs gSaA
ml êgkjktk* ty;ku ij fdlh canh dk] ftls vktUe dkjkokl gks x;k gS]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
60
lokj gksuk vkSj ko dks vjFkh ij ltkuk ,d gh ckr FkhA vkt rd tks lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa canh vktUe dkjkokl dh ltk dkVus bl
Hk;adj ty;ku ij p<+dj dkysikuh x,] muesa ls nl Hkh thfor okil ugha ykSV ldsA vBkjg&chl okZ dh p<+rh vk;q ds ;qodksa ij
bl ty;ku ij iSj j[krs gh vLlh okZ ds cw<k+ sa tSlh eqnZuh Nk tkrhA euq; ,d ckj vjFkh ij cka/k fy;k x;k fd mlds ifjtu
le>rs gSa fd ;g bl lalkj ls lnk ds fy, tk jgk gS vkSj Hkkouk ls nq%f[kr] fofLer gksdj kwU;or~ mldh ml fudyrh vjFkh dh
vksj ns[krs jgrs gSa& Bhd mlh n`fVdks.k ls os esjh vksj ns[k jgs FksA mudh eqnk ls ;g Hkko LiV ifjyf{kr Fkk fd eSa vc bl txr~
ds fy, ej pqdk& vkSj ;g Hkkouk lR; FkhA lpeqp gh eq>s vjFkh ij p<+k;k tk jgk FkkA varj cl bruk gh Fkk fd ko dks vjFkh
ij p<+krs le; tks Hkkouk,a nkZd eu dks LrafHkr vFkok O;kdqy djds ko;k=k dh vksj [khaprh gS] og ko mudk vkdyu ugha dj
ikrkA ijarq eSa lc dqN dk vkdyu dj jgk Fkk fd esjh vjFkh ltkbZ tk jgh gS] esjh vjFkh fudy jgh gSA eq>s bl ;FkkFkZ dk Hkh
cks/k gks jgk Fkk fd bu lSdM+ksa nkZdksa dh n`fV] tks eq>ij fVdh gqbZ gS] og izk;% fueZe rFkk rVLFk gSA ftl rjg jkg pyrs vkdfLed
:i ls fdlh dh fudyh gqbZ vjFkh ge ns[krs gSa] iy Hkj mldh vksj ns[krs&ns[krs ge viuh jkg tkrs gSaA ml le; bl ckr dk
vkdyu gksus ls fd eSA ko cu jgk gwa] eq>s bl ;FkkFkZ cks/k dk gh vf/kd nq%[k Fkk fd gtkjksa nskck/ako esjh vksj ek= vka[ksa
QkM+&QkM+dj ns[k jgs gSaA dkk] muesa ls ,d Hkh euq; eq>s bl rjg <k<+l ca/kk ikrk fd ^tkvks ca/kq] tkvks! rqEgkjs ihNs eSa vkSj ge
rqEgkjs ozr dks iwjk djds vius bl fganqLFkku ds a a a * rks esjh og vjFkh esjs fy, Qwyksa dh lst cu tkrhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
61
izdj.k&5
dkysikuh dk lkxj
ml ty;ku dh lh<+h ls p<+kdj eq>s lh/ks mlds ryeafty ij ys tk;k x;kA m/kj ,d cM+k fiatjk cuk;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa yksgs dh
etcwr NMs+a yxkbZ xbZ FkhA bl tgkt dk og fiatjk cgqr yack fdarw ladjk Fkk] ftlesa dksbZ chl&rhl O;fDr;ksa dks gh j[kk tk ldrk
FkkA ijarq gsrqiow Zd og bl rjg cuk;k x;k Fkk fd ftlesa vktUe dkjkokl ds dkysikuh ds canhoku tkuojksa dh rjg Bwals tkrsA mlesa
eSaus ns[kk fd mu cafn;ksa dks] tks Bk.ks ls vk, gSa] BsykBsyh ds lkFk Bwaldj [kM+k fd;k x;k gSA eSa eu&gh&eu lksp jgk Fkk] D;k eq>s
Hkh bl tgkt ds bl ?kqVu Hkjs ryeaftys ds va/ksjs fiatjs esa bu cafn;ksa ds lkFk Bwalk tk,xk\ brus esa gh ml fiatM+s dk }kj [kqy x;k
vkSj eq>s mlh esa Bwal fn;k x;kA baXySaM esa ^czkadkbfVl* jksx dk fkdkj gks tkus ds dkj.k eq>s tjk ls rax LFkku ij tkrs gh lkal ysuk
nwHkj gks tkrk] Nkrh esa nnZ gksus yxrk vkSj ne ?kqVus yxrkA vr% eSaus ml xksjs vf/kdkjh dks] tks esjs lkFk Fkk] crk;k fd bl izdkj
ds rax o ?kqVu Hkjs Lfkku ij eq>s j[kus ls xM+cM+ gks ldrh gSA mlus tgkt ds MkWDVj dks lwfpr fd;kA mlus dgk] ^fQygky rks b/kj
gh jgks] LokLF; [kjkc gksus ij ns[kk tk,xkA vkSj foksk lqfo/kk ds rkSj ij eq>s ml fiatjs esa u j[krs gq, esjk fcNkSuk ,d dksus esa]
tgka tgkt dk Nsn Fkk] mlds lkeus lh[kpksa ds ikl Mkyus dk vknsk fn;kA vkxs kh?kz gh Kkr gksxk fd bl foksk lqfo/kk dk eq>s D;k
ykHk gqvkA
brus esa ,d vkSj lTtu vk x,] mUgksaus eklsZfyl dh ckr NsMh+ A eSaus Hkh [kqydj FkksMh+ ppkZ dhA ^^vkils feyus ge gsrqiwoZd vk, FksA
bZoj vkidks okil Lonsk ys vk,] ;gh gekjh gkfnZd dkeuk gSA** bruk dgrs gq, os lHkh vf/kdkjh viuh Vksfi;ka mrkjdj iz.kke
djds pys x,A ,d xksjs x`gLFk dks tSls mudk ;g O;ogkj v[kj x;k vkSj og gs; rFkk q} n`fV ls mUgsa vkSj eq>s ?kwjdj fcuk
iz.kke
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
62
fd, pyrk cuk A tSls mldh n`fV trk jgh Fkh&* Hkyk bl ikih canh dks bruk LkEeku D;ksa \*
izLFkku
tgkt dh lhVh ds IkpkRk~ Hkksa&Hkksa&Hkksa dh d.kZdVq vkokt vkbZ vkSj ,d fgpdksys ds lkFk tgkt py iM+kA mld fiatMs+ dh apkbZ ij
nks&rhu NksVh&NksVh xksykdkj f[kM+fd;ka Fkh] tks khks ls can dh xbZ FkhA muls yVdrs gq,] mu vHkkxs nafMrksa esas ls dqN rV dh vksj
VdVdh yxkdj ns[kus yxs&fdukjk n`fV ls vks>y gks x;kA ^?kj NwV x;k HkbZ] ?kj NwV x;k* dgrs gq, muesa ls ,d /kEe ls uhsps cSB
x;kA ;g lqurs gh^ vc viuk nsk ge iqu^ dc ns[ksaxs\* ,sls fcyfcykrs gq, lrkjk dh vksj ds nks fdlku QwV&QwVdj jksus yxsA ^vc
dkykikuh yx x;k! HkS;k] jks erA dkysikuh esa jksus ls dqN ugha gksrkA * bl rjg bu nafMrksa esa ls tks NaVs gq, cnekk vijk/kh Fks]
nkkZfud dh rjg chpkschp [kM+s gksdj lHkh dks lkarouk ns jgs FksA chp gh esa fdlh us esjh vksj ladsr djrs gq, dgk]^^ ns[kks HkS;k]
rqEgkjh&gekjh NksMk+ sA og ns[kks] ckfyLVj lkgt! HkbZ] vaxzst vQlj Hkh Vksih mrkjdj bUgsa iz.kke djrs gSaA Hkyk buds nq%[k ds lkeus
gekjk nq%[k D;k gS\** bruk dgus dh nsj Fkh fd /khjs&/khjs lHkh esjs bnZfxnZ te x,A izk;% lHkh dks Kkr fkk fd eq>s ipkl okksZ dk naM
feyk gS] rFkkfi gj dksbZ iwNrk&fdrus okksZ dk naM
eSaus vius xys esa YkVdk gqvk ekad dk og fcYyk gh muds gkFkksa esa Fkek fn;kA ckj&ckj îpkl&ipkl dh jV yxkrs gq, eSa c lk
x;k FkkA ;g lqudj fd lpeqp gh eq>s ipkl okksZa dk naM gqvk gS&dsoy mUgsa gh ugha vfirq lgkf/kd nafMrksa dks Hkh] ftudh ianz g
cjl ds naM ls gh flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gks xbZ Fkh] /khjt ca/krkA mu lHkh cafn;ksa dk nq%[k eq>s ns[krs gh gydk gks tkrkA
ty;ku dh xanxh
dqN nsj ckn la/;k gks xbZA xjeh ls tku fudyrh] frlij bruk HkhM+&HkM+dkA mu pkyhl&ipkl yksxksa esa] ftuesa fganq&eqlyeku lc
Fks] dqN rks f?kukSus thou ds vH;Lr cudj fuYkZTt cus gq, Fks( pksj&mpDds] Mkdw] ikih&nqV] vlk?; bafnz; jksx ls xzLr( dqN ,sls
f?kukSu]s ftUgksaus okksZa ls nkar Hkh ugha ekats FksA bl rjg ds pkyhl&ipkl vknfe;ksa dh fcNkSuksa ij fcNkSus fcNk, gqbZ HkhM+HkkM+ esa eSa Hkh
viuk fcLrj fcNkdj ysV x;kA esjs iSjkas ls fdlh dk flj lVk gqvk FkkA esjs flj ls gh ugha vfirq eqga ds ikl fdlh dh Vkaxs lVh
gqbZ vkSj rfud m/kj eaqg djs rks eq[k ls eq[k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
63
lVk gqvkA iy Hkh fPkr ysVkA lkeus gh ,d cM+k lk ihik vk/kk dkVdj j[kk gqvk FkkA m/kj FkksM+k fjDr Lfkku FkkA ml fiatjs esa
vU;= cgqr HkhM+ gks xbZ Fkh] mldh rqyuk esa esjs dksus esa de HkhM+ Fkh vkSj blh dkj.k eq>s bl dksus esa fcLrj fcNkus dh lgwfy;r
nh xbZ FkhA ijarq brus esa lM+h gqbZ nqxZa/k dk bruk rhoz Hkikjk vk;k fd ukd lM+ xbZA eSaus viuh ukd tksj ls nckdj can dhA ;g
ns[k fudV ds ,d canh us ladsr fd;k fd /kaaq/kys mtkys esa j[kk og ihik ns[kksA ns[k rks Kkr gqvk fd ;g ihik gh jkr Hkj lHkh izkf.k;ksa
dks kkSpdwi ds Lfkku ij dke vkusokyk gSA esjh n`fV m/kj tkrs gh og canh] tks ml ihis ij cSBk Fkk] cspkjk ladkspok mBus yxkA
ijarq eSaus ladsr ls mls cSBus ds fy, dgk] ^^vjs] ;g rks nsg/kEkZ gSA Hkyk blesa yTtk dSlh\ FkksM+s le;ksijkar eq>s Hkh m/kj gh cSBuk
gksxkA fdlh dks Hkh ladksp djus dh vko;drk ugha gSA ,slk ugha fd esjh ukd gS vkSj rqEgkjh ugha gS] rks fQj rqe yksxksa ls vf/kd
Hkyk eq>s ;g xanxh vlguh; D;ksa yxs\** mu nafMrksa esa ,d iqjkuk ?kk?k esjs fudV vkdj dgus yxk]^^nknk] ge blds vknh gks pqds
gSaA eSa dkysikuh ls gh vk jgk gwaA** mldh mnkjrk dks eSaus eu ls ljkgkA eSaus lkspk] ^gs izHkks] bu ifrrksa ds var%dj.k ds vkaxu esa
Hkh ,d lqanj lk rqylh oànkou gksrk gSA**
eSaus ml ?kqVs Mkdw dks /kU;okn fn;k vkSj dgk] ^^[kqyh gok ds fy, MkWDVj us eq>s ;g foksk lqfo/kk nh gS fd eSa lyk[kksa ds ikl lks
tkaA bl ihis dh ckr ij mUgksaus xkSj ugha fd;kA ijarq eSa bls Hkh ,d foksk lqfo/kk le>rk gwaA vki fpark u djsaA Hkyk vkidks bl
xanxh esa <dsydj eSa m/kj D;ksa tka\ eq>s Hkh vc bl rjg ds thou dk vknh gksuk gksxkA** jkr esa ,d ds ihNs ,d canh ml ihis
ij vkus&tkus yxkA xanxh rFkk f?kukSus n`; dh pje lhek gks xbZA eSaus viuh vka[ks can djds lksus dk Lokax jpk;k] rkfd mu cafn;ksa
dks ladksp u gksA eu dlelk;k] ^gk;&gk;! ;g rks thfor ujd Hkksxuk iM+ jgk gS rqEgsaA ^foosd us le>k;k] ^ ckoys] ;g lR; gS]
ij ;g Hkh viuk&viuk fopkj gSA ;g rqEgsa foksk lqfo/kk fey jgh gS u! rks fQj mldk foksk mi;ksx D;ksa ugh dj ysrs \ tkfr&ikafr]
xks=] oxZ dk gh ugha vfirq khy RkFkk kqfprk dk Hkh vagdkj pdukpwj djus ds fy, gh bZoj us rqEgsa ;g volj rks ugha iznku
fd;k\ bl foksK lqfo/kk dk foksk mi;ksx djksA =Sfyax Lokeh ij U;k;y; esa vfkV O;ogkj ds fy, tc vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k Fkk]
rc muds lk/kqRo dh f[kYyh mM+kus ds fy, eftLVsV us O;aX; fd;k] ^îjarq ;s v}Sroknh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
64
Hkkstu ds le; vUu gh D;ksa xzg.k djrs gSa\ xkscj D;ksa ugha [kkrs\** bl ij =Sfyax Lokeh gals vkSj ogha ij kkSp djds] tc rd yksx
lQkbZ dks vkrs] ns[krs&ns[krs mls [kk x,A
jked`.k ijegal
jked`.k ijegal ds fok; esa Hkh blh rjg dh vk[;kf;dk gSA viuh v}SrkuqHkwfr ds lkjs lk/ku lekIr gksus ds Ikpkr~ ,d vafre
dfBu lk/kuk ds :i esa dydkk esa os ml Lfkku ij x, tgka eSyk Mkyk tkrk gSA ogka iM+h foBk dks vius gkFkksa ls myV&iqyV djrs
gq, mUgksaus ikap dkM++h Hkjdj foBk eqag esa Mky yhA vkSj ,d rw gh fd bu nafMrksa ds foBk djrs le; ml nqxZa/k ls Mjdj ml xanxh
Hkjs ihis ls nwj Hkkxuk pkgrk gSA vU; yksxksa dh foBk ds ihis ls pkgs fdruk Hkh nwj Hkkxks] rFkkfi mldk D;k djksxs tks rqEgs a viuh
foBk dk ihik viuh gh ihB ij <ksuk iM+rk gS\ rqe mls yk[k oL=ksa dh vkM+ esa fNik yks rFkkfi <dus ls Hkh og [kqyk&dk&[kqyk gh
jgsxk] pkjksa vksj nqxZf?k NksM+sxkA leFkZ jkenkl Lokeh us ;g LiV dgk gS&
^Hk{k.k djrs gh lqxzkl vUuA vk/kh foBk vk/kk oeuA
ihrs gh HkkxhjFkh dk thouA ew= gks; rRdkyA*
rks fQj ^pkgs jktk gks ;k jadA isV esa foBk ugha pqdrhA* ;g ;fn lR; gS rks
le>dj rqe kkar ysVs jgrs gks blh rjg muds milXkZ dks Hkh rqe D;ksa lg ugha
bafnz;ksa dks tks fiz; gS] og vU; bafnz;ksa ds fy, vlguh; D;ksa fd;k x;k\ izd`fr
;g foke ijLij fo}sk D;ksa mRiUu fd;k\ vFkok gks ldrk gS] mldk mik; u
jgk gksA
vius vkids ey&ew= dk milxZ ftl rjg vfuok;Z

ysrs \ bl txr~ esa nsg /kkj.kk ds jspu djds iqU% dqN
dk ;g U;k; ogh tkus fd ,d nsg dh bafnz;ksa esa Hkh
gks vFkok muds ml ijLij dyg ls mls vkuan gks
vkSj fQj bl rjg foosd lsuk dks fonzksgh bafnz;ksa ds ihNs NksM+rs vkSj muds ml ijLij laxzke dh gkFkkikbZ ns[krs&ns[krs eq>s Hkh cM+k
vkuan vkus yxkA vUu dh foBk] foBk dk [kkn vkSj [kkn iqUk% vUuA HkbZ okg! peRdkj gS! Bl vkuan esa xanxh dk minzo nwj gks
x;kA jkr ,d cts ds vkl&ikl xgjh uhan lks x;kA ml tyk;u ij bl rjg esjk ml dksus esa vfopy jguk lHkh cafn;ksa ds fy,
vkp;Z dk dkj.k cu x;kA ,d&nks tuksa us rks esjh ihB ihNs ;g lansg Hkh O;Dr fd;k fd eSa fdlh uhp tkfr dk xank] f?kukSuk O;fDr
gwa] ftlds kjhj ls ilhus dh nqxZa/k vkrh gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
65
;wjksfi;uksa dk O;ogkj
ml tgkt ds ;kf=;ksa rFkk dqN Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dh gkfnZd bPNk jgrh Fkh fd esjh dqN&u&dqN lgk;rk djds viuh vknjHkkouk
O;Dr djsa] tks muds eu esa esjs fy, iui jgh FkhA vkrs&tkrs os ;FkklaHko eq>ls feydj tkrsA ;wjksfi;u ykssxksa esa dqN larfj;ksa us Hkh
esjs izfr cgqr vknjHkko iznfkZr fd;kA dqN vaxzsth o`ki=] if=dk,a Hkh izkIr gks xbZA tgkt ij [kkus ds fy, dsoy Hkqus gq, pus feyrs
FksA ijarq dqN vf/kdkfj;ksa us vuqjks/k fd;k fd eSa dqN [kkus ds fy, ys ywaA le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd D;k ekaxw \ vkSj eq>s vdsys
dks nsuk Hkh dfBu FkkA var esa dqN mnkj O;kikfj;ksa us dIrku dh vkKk izkIr djds lHkh cafn;ksa ds fy, Hkkr] eNyh vkSj vpkj vkkfn
O;atu rS;kj djok,A esjs dkj.k nks fnu ds vuku ds Ikpkr~ ,slk Hkkstu izkIr gqvk tks dHkh ugha feyrk Fkk] blfy, lHkh canh ckalksa
mNy iM+sA esjs lkFk gh mUgsa ?kaVk&vk/ks ?kaVs ds fy, ml ?kqVu Hkjs rax ryeaftys fiatjs ls fudkydj gok[kksjh ds fy, ij ds rYys
ij tc yk;k tkrk rc lk/kkj.k O;oLFkk ls vf/kd O;oLFkk rFkk lqfo/kkiwoZd O;ogkj fd;k tkrkA bld laca/k esa os nafMr eq>ls dgrs]
^^ckcwth] gekjk vgksHkkX; fd vki gekjs lkFk vk,A fdruk vPNk gqvk!** rc eSa galrs gq, dgrk]^^ rks fQj ;g vPNk gh gqvk u fd
eq>s naM feykA**
m/kj fnu&jkr mu cafn;ksa esa esjh ppkZ fNM+rh vkSj esjh ppkZ fNM+rs gh] fganqLFkku viuk Lonsk gS a a amls a
esa Hkh ftldk Hkkj eSaus mBk;k Fkk& Hkjiwj ppkZ gksrhA ;fn dksbZ fryfeykdj eq>ls dgrk] *dSls dgsa]
Vwd&Vwd gks tkrk gS a a a *rks eSa eqLdqjkdj dgrk] ^vHkh&vHkh rks vki dg jgs Fks fd ,slk gksuk pkfg,]
ppkZ dj jgs Fks u\ fQj vkius bl ckr ij xkSj ugha fd;k fd ,d eSa gh D;ksa \ bl rjg esjs tSls cafn;ksa
dkysikuh tk,axsA tks djsxk lks HkjsxkA tks Hkjsxk lks djsxk a a aA*
a a vkfn ml dk;Z ds laca/k

ij vkidks ns[kdj dys tk
vkSj fganqLFkku a a a aesa vkfn
ls lSdM+ksa tgkt Hkj&Hkjdj
tgkt ds vf/kdkjh ls ysdj flikgh&larjh rd vkSj cafn;ksa ls ysdj [kykfl;ksa rd esjs cgkus lrr jktuhfr dh ppkZ fNM+rhA ftUgksaus
;g lc dHkh ugha lquk Fkk] mUgkasus mls lqUkk( ftUgsa dHkh lw>k ugha Fkk] mUgsa lw>k vkSj ftUgksaus bls dHkh ugha ekuk Fkk] mUgkasus eku
fy;kA
ckjh ckck dh dgkuh

nwljh egoiw.kZ ckr] tks ogka dh ifjfLFkfr esa eu dks viuh vksj [khaprh] og ;g Kkr djuk Fkk fd dkykikuh dSlk gSA tks Hkh dksb Z
ogka ls vkrk] mlls ;gh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
66
iwNus dks th pkgrkA izR;sd O;fDr ,d gh ckr iwNrkA fQj eq>s Hkh IkwNus dh bPNk gksrhA vaneku ds flikfg;ksa dh og Vksyh] tks
cafn;ksa dks ysus vkbZ Fkh] mlls iwNrs D;ksfa d ogh bl fok; ds izeq[k vf/kdkjh vkSj ogh blds Kkrk! Dkysikuh dk uke ysrs gh os lcls
igys ^ckjh ckck* dh dgkuh lqukrsA
mudh /kkj.kk Fkh fd ckjh ckck gh dkykikuh gSA mu nafMrksa esa ls tks vR;aRk funZ; canh gksrs] os fcuk fdlh dkj.k gks&gYyk djds
vkil esa xkyh&xykSt djrs] rc flikgh ksf/kr gks dgrs] ^vjs Bgj rw] cM+h p<+h gqbZ gS rq>s] le>rk gS rw gh lcls cM+k cnekk gSA
vxj ,d ckj ckjh ckck dks ns[kk rks lkjk gksk fBdkus vk tk,xk& vjs /kksrh <hyh gks tk,xh] /kksrh esa ewrksxs] le>s!* ckjh ckck vkSj
gekjh kh?kz gh xgjh eS=h gksusokyh Fkh] vr% mu flikfg;ksa dks ml laca/k esa vf/kd dqjsnus esa dksbZ rqd ugha FkkA
vaneku ds laca/k esa os dgrs] ^ckcwth] Ng eghus esa eqfDr feysxhA vki tSls i<+s&fy[ks ckcqvksa dks rks vkWfQl esa dke feysxkA bruk gh
ugha] iwjk ftyk vkidh vkKk esa jgsxkA nl okksZa rd lgksa :i, tqVk ldksxs vkSj nl okksZa ds Ikpkr~ ?kjckj clk yksxsA *
eu&gh&eu eSa lksprk] ^;g D;k! HkbZ] dgha eq>s kafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus ds miy{; esa iqjLd`r djus ds fy, rks vaneku ugha ys
tk jgs gSaA pyks] vPNk gh gqvk tks eklsZfyl esa idM+k x;kA ;wjksi esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrs gq, HkVdus ds nq%[k thou dk eSaus
vuqHko fd;k gSA vaneku dk thou] tSlk ;s o.kZu dj jgs gSa] blls vf/kd vlguh; rks ugha gSA vFkkZr~ oSlk gh rks ugha tSlk ;g
c[kku dj jgs gSaA gka] gks ldrk gS] oSlk gh gksA iajrq D;k og esjs Hkkx es a gksxk\ vlaHko] loZFkk vlaHkoA mudh voLFkk dSlh gS tks
jktcanh igyh ckj gh vaneku x, Fks\ D;k esjh muls HksaV gksxh\ vkSj esjs T;sB ca/kq\
dksbZ Hkh fufpr tkudkjh ugha ns ldrk FkkA cl bruk gh Kkr gqvk fd os yksx ogka gSaA dkjkx`g esa gSaA izk;% eSa Hkh m/kj gh tkaxkA
lHkh dg jgs gSa] vkt vaneku vk,xkA izkr%dky ds Ng ct pqds Fks] lHkh nafMrksa dks iafDr esa ij yk;k x;kA ijh rYys ij
ykLdkj vkfn lsod tgkt /kks jgs gSaA c<+rs&c<+rs lwjt dk rki iz[kj gks x;kA vkt cafn;ksa ds eu fc[kj jgs gSa fd dkykikuh vk,xkA
;k=k dh /kka/kyh esa nch gqbZ ykpkjh] fojg rFkk kksdiw.kZ fopkj esjs fpk ij meM+&meM+dj ij mBdj n; esa ?kqldj mls papy cuk
jgs gSa] tSls lkxj dh rygVh dh eNfy;ka mNy&mNydj ijh lrg esa ?kqlrh gSaA eSa dkysikuh dh Nkao ls f?kj x;k gwaA
lkxj kkar gS] fdlh >hy dh rjg LrC/k vkSj ml ij ;g ty;ku ,sls lfyy
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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fogkj dj jgk gS tSls fge iznsk esa ckyd ets esa fge ij fQlyrs gSaA lwjt i`Foh dh vksj VdVdh cka/kdj fujh{k.k dj jgk gS] tSls
fd ekuo }kjk tM+ l`fV ij izkIr dh gqbZ bl viwoZ fot; ls og fofLer gks x;k gksA fdruk fokky lkxj vkSj ;g dSlh fin~nh lh
ukSdkA ijarq ml ukSdk esa ,d NksVh lh dksBjh esa cSBk ,d ekuo ml lkxj dks vius pIiw ds vadqk ls viuh bPNkuqlkj eksM+dj mls
viuk xqyke cuk, gq, gSA ;g ekuo dh tM+ l`fV ij izkIr fdruh cM+h fot; gS] dSls dgsa! ,d fnu ;gh lwjt ml uwru fot; dh
vksj] tks euq; us vius eu ij izkIr dh gS] blh rjg HkkSapDdk gksdj i`Foh dh vksj ns[krk jgsxkA euq; Hkh eu esa fojkteku ml
jk{kl ij fot; izkIr dj] ihM+d vkSj ihfM+r dks ,d&nwljs ls Nsndj vkSj vius iSjksa esa iM+h nklrk dh csfM+;ka rksM+dj eqDr gks x;k
gS] rFkkfi og izseikk ls ijLij ca/k x;k gS&gka] ,d le; ,slk Hkh vk,xk&,slk /U; fnol u tkus dc mfnr gksxk tc ;g lw;Z bl
uwru fot; ls izefq nr gksdj olqa/kjk dh vksj blh rjg ns[krk jgsxkA ekuotkfr dh Lora=rk dsoy euq; ek= ds izse dh gh nklh
jgssxhA bl /kU; fnol ij /kU; mu leLr HkqDr&dVksa rFkk gqrkRekvksa ds dV Hkksx rFkk gkSRkkRE; lQy gksaxs] ftUgksaus ;g /kU; fnu
ykus ds fy, vkRe&cfynku fd;k gSA leLr ekuo&tkfr mudh vkHkkjh gksxhA ftUgsa bl fot; dk og egku~ Js; izkIr gksusokyk gS]
muesa eSa Hkh vak Hkkxh gksaxkA fdruk egku~ fdruk mTtoy gS ;g Hkfo; dky!
izLrqr fLFkfr
ijarq orZeku! rqEgkjh izLrqr fLFkfr\ LoIu] LoIu! vjs ew[kZ] rqEgsa vk jgs Hkfo; ds ;s lius dsoy LoIUk gh gksaxAs oSfnd dky ls ,sls
LoIu ns[krs&ns[krs euq; dks ;qx chr x,A Hkfo; ds mu lqugjs liuksa dk mi;ksx orZeku dh jkf= ds ?ku?kksj eksgka/kdj esa iy Hkj ds
fy, izdkk nsuk gh gSA bl lkxj dks gh ns[kks& fdruh vfoLej.kh;] vxE; jk{klh kfDrA mlds kjhj ij ;g ukSdk fdrus ets esa
ygjkrh py jgh gSA D;ksa\ blfy, fd og bls lg ysrk gSA tSls dksbZ izpaM jk{kl fdlh rqPN ePNj dks vius kjhj ij cSBus nsrk gSA
iy Hkj ml ePNj dk lkgl ns[kdj viuk euksjt
a u djrk gS] fQj ,d gh pir ls mls ekjdj bl rjg rqe tSls ePNj&euq; dk
lkgl gS ;gA ;g izpaM lkeqfnzd kfDr tc [kkSyus yxsxh rks viuh ygj dh ,d caw n dh Qqgkj ij rqEgkjh ;g uS;k gh ugha vfirw
iwjk&dk&iwjk egk}hi gh mBkdj mls [kaM&[kaM dj lqikjh tSlk lVd tk,xkA rc fdlh dks irk Hkh ugha pysxk fd ;gka ij dHkh
,fk;k egk}hi Fkk ;k ughaA fdruk ^;% dfPkr~* gS ekuo&^;%
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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dfpr~* euq; ds chp eSa fdruk ^;fRdafpRdj* gks x;k gwa!! vkt bu v/ke] uhp rFkk nqV nafMrksa] tks viuk kjhj lesVdj cSBs gSa ]
dh iafDr esa ,d misf{kr dksus esa eSa Hkh viuk kjhj lesVdj mdM+w Wa cSBk gwWaA gkFkksa esa gFkdM+h] ikWaoksa esa cfM+;kaW& bruk Jqnz] rqPN cu
x;k gwa fd bl tgkt ds >kM+wokys Hkh esjh vksj lgkuqHkwfriwoZd ladsr djds ^ckfyLVj ckcw* dgrs gq, n;k djrs gSaA ;s lsod Hkh] tks
ikuh Mkydj ydfM+;kaW /kks jgs gSa] ngkM+rs gSa& ^,s dSnh] mBks b/kj lsA pyks] m/kj cSBksA* vkSj eq>s mudk vknsk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA
lkxj kkar FkkA fdlh lkkeqfgd nSR; dh rjg [kjkZVs Hkj jgk FkkA okiukSdk fQlyrh gqbZ fdlh vklUuej.k dh ukM+h ln`k ean&ean py
jgh FkhA ij ls lw;Z wjrkiwoZd lHkh ij vaxkj cjlk jgk FkkA vR;f/kd xjeh Fkh] vaneku fudV vk jgk FkkA vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj
;kf=;ksa us vc eq>ls ckr djuk can dj fn;k FkkA os ,slh nwfj;kWa lk/k jgs Fks tSls eq>ls loZFkk vifjfpr gksaA dkysikuh dh Nk;k
eq>ij LiV fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
69
izdj.k &6
vaneku dk o.kZu
vaneku] fudksckj rFkk mlds fudVrd }hiiqat dk fganqLFkku ds bfrgkl ls gh ugha vfirw Hkfo; ls Hkh laca/k gksus ds dkj.k izzR;s d
fganoklh dks mldh vYi gh D;ksa u gks] tkudkjh vo; gSA fganqLFkku ds ckgj vokZphu dky esa fganw laLd`fr ftu&ftu uwru Hkw[kaMksa
ij viuk vkf/kiR; Qsykrh tk jgh gS] mlesa vaneku }hiiqat dh x.kuk djuk vR;ko;d gSA
;g }hi dydkk ls yxHkx Ng lkS ehy dh nwjh ij gSA chp esa NksVs&NksVs }hiiqat] FkksMk+ lkxj] iqu% }hiiqat &bl e ls ;g ,d
}hiekyk caxky ds milkxj esa fc[kjh gqbZ gSA mlesa vaneku lcls cM+k }hi gSA og rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA budks mkj vaneku]
e/; vaneku vkSj nf{k.k vnaeku dh lKk,a nh xbZ gSaA bl }hi ds ekufp= esa nh gqbZ vkd`fr ns[ kdj ;g LiV gksrk gS fd mldk uke
vaneku D;ksa iM+kA bl uke dh guqeku kCn ls gqbZ O;qRifk geus lquh gS] ijarq vaMkd`fr gksus ds dkj.k bldk vaneku uke gesa
laHkouh; izrhr gksrk gSA mkj vaneku dh yackbZ D;kou ehy ehynwjhlwpd kCn gS] ftls vc fdyksehVj dgk tkrk gS] e/;
vaneku dh yackbZ mulB ehy rFkk nf{k.k dh vksj NksVk vaneku dgk tkrk gSA mlds vfufjDr mlds murhl ehy nf{k.k dh vksj
NksVk vaneku gS] ftldh yackbZ rhl ehy vkSj pkSMk+ bZ l=g ehy gSA vkt rd bl }hi esa mYys[kuh; mifuosk u gksus ds dkj.k
b/kj&m/kj nwj&nwj rd ,sls ?kus taxy] ftudh Hkwfe dks dHkh lw;Z fdj.kksa dk LikZ rd ugha gqvk] Qsys gq, gSaA aps&aps igkM+] tks
leqnz rV ls ij&ij p<+rs tk jgs gSa] vkSj ?kus taxyksa ds vfrfjDr bl ckr dk vHkh LiV vuqeku ugha yxk;k tk ldrk fd bl
bykds esa vkSj D;k gS] rFkkfi ou foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us th&rksM+ ifjJe dj] fujarj dV >sydj taxy ds Lfkyksa] o`{kksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
70
vkSj oLrqfLFkfr dh ;FkklaHko Nkuchu djds vc mudk ekufp= Hkh cuk;k gSA bl }hi ds igkM+ksa esa lcls aWpk igkM+ laMyekmaV
uked pksVh gS] ftldh apkbZ rhu gtkj QhV gSA cM+h unh ;gka ij ,d Hkh ugha gS] ij txg&txg igkM+ksa ls dydy dj cgrs >jus
foiqy ek=k esa gSaA
eysfj;k dk izknqHkkZo
bl bykds esa ?kus taxyksa ds dkj.k izkphu dky esa okkZ dh vfojy >fM+;kaW yxh jgrh FkhA xzhe _rq esa Hkh fjef>e&fjef>e gksrh gh
jgrh] rFkkfi ftls&fltl Hkkx esa taxy dh dVkbZ gksdj cLrh cu xbZ gS vkSj Hkwfe dks FkksM+k lkQ djds tksrdj [ksrh vkSj ukfj;y ds
cxhps yxk, x, gSa&ml vksj _rqeku yxHkx fganqLFkku ds m.k bykdksa tSlk gks jgk gSA okkZ vkSj xzhe&;gh nks _rq,a LiV :i ls
fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa] khr ;k tksMs+ dk ekSle cl >kadrk gqvk fudy tkrk gSA bl }hi ds pkjksa vksj ls gh ugha vfirq izR;sd nks VqdM+ksa ds
chp esa ls Hkh leqnz ds ?kqls gksus vkSj bu }hiksa ds yackbZ rFkk pkSMk+ bZ esa NksVs gksus ds dkj.k ;gka&ogka [kkfM+;ka vkSj nyny dk lkezkT;
Qsyk gqvk gSA bu [kkfM+;ksa ds ty esa taxy ds lw[ks ikksa dh ,d ds ij ,d ijrsa tek gksdj lM+rh gSaA blh ls eysfj;k dk
izknqHkkZo rFkk izHkko vR;ar dVizn gksrk gSA efD[k;ka tks bl eyssfj;k dk izlkj djrh gS] b/kj bruh foiqy vkSj fofo/k tkfr;kas dh gSa
fd o.kZu djuk vlaHko gSA dqN Hkhrj dh vksj ePNj ln`k efD[k;ka >aqM&ds&>qaM b/kj&m/kj ,d lkFk xquxqukrh gqbZ fHkufHkukrh gSa tSls
rkj esa fijks;k gqvk tkyA dqN cM+h&cM+h efD[k;ka vius yacs&yacs iSjksa ij [kM+h jgdj bruh rsth ls >wyrh gSa fd ml nksyk;eku
voLFkk esa ;g dguk dfBu gksrk gS fd og ,d dkyh js[kk gS ;k eD[khA
tksad] lkWai o du[ktwjs

taxyksa esa bu efD[k;ksa ds vfrfjDr tks eysfj;k dk izlkj djrh gSa&tksadksa dh Hkh Hkjekj gksrh gSA dhpM+ esa] uhps iM+s gq, ikksa ds <sjksa
esa gh ugha vfirw o`{kksa dh Mkfy;ksa ij] ikksa ij ;s tksads fpidh jgrh gSaA xjeh esa nqcddj dgha fNih cSBh ;s tksadsa fjef>e cj[kk
cjlus yxrs gh ckgj fudyrh gSaA ekuoh xa/k la?wkrs gh vkuafnr gksrh gSaA ij ls o`{kksa] ikksa ls os Vi&Vi dwn iM+rh gS] uhps ikWao
iM+rs gh os ryos pkVus yxrh gSa vkSj ekuoh kjhj dh fiaMfy;ksa] tkaW? kksa&tks Hkh fgLlk feys] mlls fpiddj lqi&lqi ygw lqM+dus yxrh
gSaA cM+s&cM+s cnekk ikth daVd yksx tks dkjkx`g ds dBksj&ls&dBksj naM ls ugha ?kcjkrs] os tc taxy
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
71
dh dVkbZ ds fy, tkrs gSa rks bu tksadks ds Hk; ls dkaWius yxrs gSaA taxy ls dke djds canh tc kke <ys okil ykSVrs rc ,slk yxrk
os ygw esa ugkdj vk, gSa] D;kasfd ;gka&ogka loZ= tksadksa ds dkVus ls kjhj esa Nsn gks tkrs vkSj mu Nsnksa ls ygw dh iryh /kkjk
fudyrh jgrhA vPNk] ;s tksadsa Hkh ,d ;k nks ugha] b/kj euq; vius gkFkksa ls eqV~Bh Hkj&Hkjdj mUgsa vius kjhj ls m[kkM+dj Qasd
jgk gS vkSj m?kj NksVh&cM+h tksadksa ds >qaM ij ls dwndj ;k uhps ls p<+dj vFkok vktw&cktw ls vkdj fpidrs tkrs gSaA
bu taxyksa esa Hk;adj lkWai dh rjg ds fxjfxVksa dk Hkh] tks tksadksa dh rjg gh ugha vifrq muls Hkh ?kkrd gksrs gSaA&clsjk gksrkk gSA ;s
,d gkFk yacs rFkk ,d baPk ls eksVs fokSys gksrs gSa fd muds Mlus ls euq; dks ydok ekj tkrk gS vkSj Hkkk.k osnuk gq, fcuk ugha
jgrhA ;gka lkWai cgqr gh de gSa] rFkkfi ôkbij* uked vR;ar fokSyk ,d NksVk lk&lkWai feyrk gS] dHkh&dHkh vtxj Hkh feyrs gSaA
lfn;ksa ls bu taxyksa esa fdlh Hkh euq; dk vf/kd izosk u gksus ds dkj.k bu lc izkf.k;ksa dh vR;f/kd o`f} gksrh jgh gS] tks ijLij
Hk{k.k dh e;kZnk ls gh dnkfpr~ dqafBr gksrh gksxhA bu taxyksa esa ck?k] ksj] jhN vkfn [kwa[kkj ikq ugha ik, tkrs A taxyh lqvj feyrs
gSaA if{k;ksa esa ;gka Hkkjrh; i{kh dqN vf/kd la[;k esa ugha FkA vaxszt ljdkj us eSuk] rksrk] ckt+] fxygjh] eksj vkfn thoksa dks ;gka
ykdj NksM+ fn;k( bruk gh ugha] dkS, eaxokdj mudh cLrh clkus esa Hkh mUgksaus dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA if{k;ksa dh rjg fgju] dq ks]
fl;kj vkfn ikq rFkk cgqr lkjs ikyrw izk.kh Hkh ;gka miyC/k gSaA
leqnzh vkp;Z dh rks dksbZ lhek gh ughaA ka[k] lhfi;ka] iRFkj] fdruh jax&fcjaxh lqanj vkd`fr;kaW] fdrus izdkj, ekuks foodekZ dk
oSfp; gks! mldh kksHkk dk o.kZu dSls fd;k tk,\
,sls jax dh lhfi;ka] ka[k fd ftuds banz/kuqk dh kksHkk Hkh yTtk ls khk >qdk,A muesa de&ls& de ,d dh lqanjrk Hkh dksbZ dqky
fprsjk fdlh fp= esa maWMsy lds rks euq; ml dykd`fr dks iznkZfu;ksa esa lfn;ksa rd ltkdj j[ksxkA bl rjg dh vusd lqanj&lqanj
oLrq,a gh ugha vfirq izf.k;ksa dh Hkh jpuk] ftudh jsyisy leqnz rV ij mUeqDr% b/kj&m/kj fc[kjh gksr h gSA tSls lezkV gkZ ds fdlh
ekxZ ls pyrs le; cjlk, x, lqo.kZ eksfr;kas ds Qwy b/kj&m/kj fc[kjs gksrs Fks] mlh rjg ka[k] lhfi;ksa rFkk lqanj iRFkjksa ij dksbZ
fprsjk viuh rwfydk ls ,d&,d vO;ofLFkr dqkyrk dh QVdkj fufpr gh bl leqnz rV ij fc[ksjrk gSA fofo/k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
72
eNfy;ka&exjePN! Leqnz fLFkr fdlh eRL; dh iwaWN ls ,d ,slk rh{.k fljs dk pkcqd tqM+k gqvk fd ftldh ,d QVdkj ls Vkaxksa ds
ekal dh /kfTt;kaW mM+ tk,aA fdlh dk eqag vouqek] fdlh dh iwaN esa fctyh ftruk kfDrkkyh djaV fd mlds ks/k ls vkl&ikl
fo|qr~ ds >Vds yxsaA fdlh dk eqag rks euq; ds eq[k tSlk gkykafd cgqr de] ijarq foouh; ;kf=;ksa us Lo;a ns[kdj bldk o.kZu fd;k
FkkA bl rjg ukukfo/k lkeqfgd izkf.k;ksa dk bl }hi ds jsrhys lkxj rV vkSj mldh ygjksa ij LoPNan fogkj pyrk jgrk gSA
vaneku vkSj fganqLFkku
bl }hiekyk dk mYys[k ekdksZiksyks vkSj fudksyks vkfn ;wjksfi;u rFkk dqN vjch lSykfu;ksa ds izkphu ys[kksa esa miyC/k gSA ijar q bl }hi
ls fganqLFkku dk laca/k vfr izkphudky ls vo; jgk gksxkA ex/k nsk ls Jhyadk dh vksj vusd leqnhz ;k=k,a gksus ds o.kZu bfrgkl esa
miyC/k gSa vkSj mlh rjg vka/kz] rfey vkfn nf{k.kh yksxksa ds cznsk] L;ke] isx]w tkok vkfn nskksa ij jktuhfrd vke.k gksus ds tks
o.kZu feyrs gSa] mlls LiV fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd Hkkjrh; lkxj&;k=h bl }hi ls HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr FksA bl }hi dk LiV uke&funsZk
X;kjgoha lnh esa ikaM~; jktkvksa ds vke.k ds o.kZu esa feyrk gSA bl lkxj fotsrk ohj us isxw ij vke.k djds mlij fot; izkIr
dh vkSj viuh ml fot;h lsuk dks okil ykrs le; vaneku vkSj fudksckj& bu nks }hiksa ij viuk vf/kdkj izLFkkfir djds fQj
vius lQy ukSlk/kuksa&viuh tylsuk ds lkFk HkkjrHkwfe okil ykSVk& bl rjg rRdkyhu ys[kksa esa mldh izkfLr dh xbZ gSA bu ;kf=;ks a
rFkk fotsrkvksa dk &tks fHkUu&fHkUu le; ij x, gq, Fks& iqjkru lqjkx vHkh rd dqN vf/kd miyC/k ugha gSA ge canhokl esa Fks] rc
,d vf/kdkjh us crk;k Fkk fd tc [kqnkbZ dk dke py jgk Fkk] ml le; izkphu jktegy ds voksk cjken gq, FksA ijarq bldh
Nkuchu djus dk mfpr volj gesa vkt rd ugha feyk fd ;g lekpkj dgka rd lk/kkj Fkk vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ dkSu&dkSu ls iqjkoksk
miyC/k gq,A gka] bruk rks fl} gks x;k fd Hkkjrh;ksa dh cLrh rFkk izkklu bl }hi ij dHkh gqvk djrk FkkA
vaneku dh fLFkfr
rFkkfi ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd bl cLrh rFkk izkklu dk vaneku ds ewy fuokfl;ksa ij dqN vf/kd izHkko ugha iM+kA ftl rjg mu
cfLr;ksa }kjk dh xbZ cqvkbZ vFkok d`fk] okLrdeksZ dk izHkko ml }hi ds izd`fr fufeZr Lo:Ik ij dqN
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
73
vf/kd le; rd ugha fVd ldk] mlh izdkj mu Hkkjrh; cfLr;ksa dh ekufld] ckSf}d vFkok /kkfeZd laLd`fr dk izHkko Hkh rVLFk ewy
fuoklh tuksa ij dqN fVdk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ,d uUgk lk }hi&lkxj ls f?kjk gqvkA ml ij lrr cLrh cukdj mldk izkd`frd oU;
Lo:i ifjofrZr djus ds fy, fganqLFkku dk mlls vO;kgr laca/k cuk jguk vR;ar vko;d FkkA vk/kqfud thou ds lkjs midj.k
fganqLFkku ls ogka ys tkus ls gh ogka ds thou&lq/kkj dk e ljy gks ldrk gSA fganqLFkku vFkok ck lqlaLd`r txr~ ls ukrk VwV rs gh
u, igqaps euq;ksa dk Hkh r=LFk oU; voLFkk esa igaqp tkuk LokHkkfod gSA teZu egk;q} ds le; dHkh&dHkh pkj eghusa tc fganqLFkku ds
ty;ku lkeku lfgr vaneku ugha tk lds] rc ml dky[kaM esa thou dh lq/kkjd vko;drkvksa vFkok e dks bruh vf/kd ek=k esa
R;kxuk vfuok;Z gks x;k fd ipkl okksZa ds vanj&vanj r=LFk lHkh fuokfl;ksa dks fcuk oL=ksa ds jguk iM+k rFkk [ksrh&ckM+h] kkdkgkj
vkSj vUukHkko esa ekalkgkjh cuuk iM+kA ,slh voLFkk esa vaneku esa leqnz&xeu fufk} le>us ds dky[kaM esa vaneku ls igys gh x,
gq, Hkkjrh; r=LFk ewy oU; fuokfl;ksa dks lq/kkjus ds cnys Lo;a gh taxyh cus vkSj vkxs u, jDr&laca/k vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k os
oU; fuoklh ;k rks yqIr gks x, gksaxs ;k mudk foukk gks x;k gksxk] D;kasfd bl }hi esa vkt Hkh tks yksx ewy fuoklh ds :i esa ik,
tkrs gSa] mudk jgu&lgu dkQh gn rd foo ds vU; iznskksa dh mu oU; tutkfr;ksa ls gh feyrk&tqyrk gS] ftudh x.kuk jgu&lgu
ds <ax ls vfr izkphu tutkfr;ksa esa dh tkrh gSA tkok }hi ds vkl&ikl Qsys gq, }hi lewg canj tSls euq;ksa ds fy, izfl} gSaA Lo;a
ogka ds MkWDVjksa us gesa fn[kk;k fd fudksckj ls canh ds :i esa yk, x, ,d&nks euq;ksa dh nqe dh gM~Mh nks&rhu bap ij mBh gqbZ gS]
ftlls mUgsa dqjlh ij ihB fVdkdj lh/kk cSBuk Hkh vlaHko FkkA mudh bl nqe ij ckyksa dk vHkko Fkk vkSj mlls lVdj nqe ds
ckyksa ds xqPNs dh Luk;q ogka ugha yVd jgh FkhA mudh BqMM
~ h rFkk eq[k dh jpuk gw&cgw okuj tSlh FkhA
bl izdkj ds okuj ln`k ekuo bl bykds esa dHkh&dHkh feyrs gSa] ftudh nqe dh gM~Mh gksrh gSA mudh okpk cgqrkak esa ifj.krkoLFkk
esa gksrh gSA vaneku esa tks oU;tu gSa muesa tkojk uked tutkfr lk/kkj.kr% pkj&lk<s+ pkj QhV yach gksrh gSA mudk o.kZ
dkyk&dywVk] dsk dM+s] :[ks&:[ks ls NksVs&NksVs xqPNksa esa eqMs+ gq,A budh nk<+h&ewaN rks dHkh fudyrh gh ughaA os fdlh lk/kq &egkRek
leku uXukoLFkk esa gh ?kwers&fQjrs gSa] oL= ifj/kku dk ?kks j ikrd os dHkh djrs gh ughaA fdlh lk/kq&egkRek ln`k nsg ij jDro.khZ;
feV~Vh iksrdj os kjhj dh vkPNknu izo`fk dh rqfV djrs gSaA mudh fL=;ksa esa bDdh&nqDdh yyuk foykl&yksyqi fudyh rks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
74
o`{k dk ,dk/k ikk dfV ds vkxs yVdk ysrhA mu yksxksa dh LoIul`fV dks] tks vkthou foykflrk dk frjLdkj djrs gq, lknxhiw.kZ
jgu&lgu dh ekyk tirs gSa] okLrfod :i nsus okys ;s tkojk loZFkk oU; fLFkfr esa gSa vkSj ukxjh rFkk ekuqfkd thou fLFkr izyksHkuksa
ls vHkh rd nwj jgs gSaA tc os fn;klykbZ vkSj oL= ugha tkurs rFkk CkSyxkfM+;ksa ls Hkh ifjfpr ugha gSa] rks jsyxkM+h] gokbZ tgkt] izpaM
ty;ku vkfn ekuoh ifrrkoLFkkarxZr lk/kuksa dk mYys[k gh ugha djuk pkfg,A mUgsa dqjlh] twrs ] dksBh&caxyk] [ksrh&ckM+h] [kk|kUu] ;a=]
pj[kk Hkh Kkr ugha lknxh;qDr thou ds HkDr laiznk;h ds uke ls gh ugha vfirw mldh vfHkykkk ls Hkh tkojk yksx vifjfpr gSaA mu
vkpk;ksZ dks Hkh] tks lknxh;qDr thou dk Madk ctkrs jgrs gSa] yaxksVh iguus dk eksg gksrk gh gS] tkojksa dks rks mruk Hkh eksg ugha
gksrkA cM+s fueksZgh gSa osA
ijarq D;k bl dkj.k os vlarqV gSa\ dnkfi ughaA dkrdkjh ugha] gy ugha cSadksa esa iSlk ugha& u lgh( ijarq tks fdlh cM+&[kkcM+
x<+h&xqQk esa iukg vFkok ekal dk VqdM+k vLFkk;h vxzf/kdkjok fdlh tkojs ds ikl gks] ml ij nwljs dh fuxkg u iM+s vFkok iM+rs
gh tks lko/kkuh cjruh vFkok fpark djuh iM+rh gS] O;oLFkk djuh iM+rh gS] vko;drk iM+us ij MVdj VDdj nsuh iM+rh gS] ;g
lc mlds fy, mruk gh mRdV vkSj Hk;adj gksrk gS ftruk fdlh dSlj ;k tkj ds fy,A vkidks vkSj gesa [ksrh dh ftruh fpark djuh
iM+rh gS] mlls vf/kd fpark vkSj dV tkojk yksxksa dks oU; Qy dh [kkst vkSj mlds vHkko esa lqvj ds fkdkj vFkok ePNhekjh esa
Hkqxrus iM+rs gSaA
rhjksa dh ckSNkj
bu tkojksa ds vfrfjDr b/kj ,d vkSj oU; tkfr ikbZ tkrh gSA ijarq mldk dn apk rFkk og bu tkojksa ls vf/kd izxfrkhy fn[kkbZ
nsrh gSA dnkfpr~ ;g tutkfr izkphu mifuosk ds vofkV ekuo ls oU; tkfr;ksa ds laca/k ls cuh gksA tkojk ,d iRuhd gksrs gSaA os
vU; ;a=ksa ls Hkys gh vifjfpr gksa] ,d ;a= ls Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr gksrs gSa&og gS mudk ikap&Ng QhV yack /kuqkA mudk kjla/kku
vpwd gksrk gSA bl rhj&deku ds cycwrs gh mUgksaus viuh Lora=rk v{kq..k j[kh gSA Hkys gh vc canwdksa rFkk gokbZ tgktksa ds lkeus
mldk fuHkuk vlaHko gS] ijarq muds /kuqk ds dkj.k ,sls lk/ku gksus ds ckotwn vaxzt
s mUgsa lgtrk ls ugha thr ldsA dbZ ckj taxyksa
ls xqipqi vkxs c<+dj ljdkjh Nkofu;ksa] pkSfd;ksa vFkok
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vdsys cafn;ksa ij Nkikekjh djds os ukS&nkS&X;kjg gks tkrs] rFkkfi tSls&rSls mudk rkRdkfyd :i ls ihNk djds fQj ls mUgsa xgjs
taxyksa esa [knsM+ nsuk&cl! blls vf/kd mudk ihNk djus dk >a>V ljdkjh vf/kdkjh dHkh eksy ugha ysrsA fganqLFkku esa ,d jkT;
thruk ftruk lqyHk gS] mruk bu taxykas ds oU; rFkk kwj yksxksa ij dkcw ikuk lqyHk ugha] tks rhjksa dh h;adj ckSnkj djrs gSaA fQygky
;g leL;k bruh vko;d u gksus ds dkj.k vkt rd ;s yksx taxy dh vifjfpr fufcM+rk esa jgdj] ftl rjg muds iwoZt th jgs
Fks] mlh lukru ekxZ ls vkpj.k djrs gq, uax/kM+ax voLFkk esa lqvj dk ihNk djrs] dPpk ekal [kkrs] Hkwr&izsrksa dks iwtrs vkuaniwoZd
thou th jgs gSaA mudh bl :f<+ dks dksbZ vfkV dgdj rks ns[ksaA muesa ls lukru /kekZf/kdkjh lTtu mls thrs&th QkM+dj mldh
cksVh&cksVh djds mlh ds dPps ekal ij viuk mnj&Hkj.k fd, fcuk ugha NksM+sxkA
ujekal Hk{kd
tkojs vkt Hkh ujekal Hk{kd gSaA ;wjksfi;u lkglh ;kf=;ksa us muds ujekal Hk{kd gksus ds ckotqn bu ykskxksa esa ?kqliSB djds muls
fe=rk dh vkSj muds jgu&lgu] muds jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj Hkkkk dh euksjatd tkudkjh ladfyr dhA vnaeku esa nafMrksa dks Hkh tkojksa
dh ujekal ykylk dk fkdkj cuus dh txg muds vkfrF;iwoZd Hkkstu dk Lokn mBkrs gq, vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ ogka ls lgh&lyker
okil ykSVrs gq, geus ns[kk gSA muds o.kZuksa ls bl rjg vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd tkojk lglk kj.kkxr dh tku ugha ysrsA
iajrq vaxzst ljdkj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gh ugha vfirq vU; voU; euq; dks Hkh] tks kgjh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] os viuk izkd`frd k=q
le>rs gSa vkSj tay ls fudydj mls vdsyk ns[kdj mlds izk.k ys ysrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh mlds ekal dks os dPpk gh vkSj dHkh&dHkh vkx
ij Hkwudj [kkrs gSaA fnu fudyrs gh gj dksbZ viuk&viuk rhj&deku laHkkyrk gqvk fkdkj ds fy, fudy iM+rk gSA efgyk,a Hkh
ePNhekjh vFkok vU; NksVs&eksVs fkdkj ds fy, fudy iM+rh gSA mudh Vksfy;ka ,d lkFk ,d Nr ds uhps jgrh gSaA vk[ksV esa tks
fkdkj feyrk gS mlesa lHkh dh lk>snkjhA taxyh kgn] Qy gj dksbZ viuk&viuk xzg.k djrk gSA fnu Hkj HkVddj jkr esa vkx
tykdj ml ij os fkdkj yVdkrs gSaA igyk fkdkj Hkqurs gh mls QkM+dj lHkh tu ,d lkFk cSBdj [kkrs gSaA mlds Ikpkr~ dHkh&dHkh
uj&ukjh fefJr dksbZ u`R; gksus ds mijkar uj&ukfj;ksa ds tksMs+ vFkok lHkh feydj ml vkx ds bnZfxnZ o`kkdkj uXukoLFkk esa lks tkrs
gSaA
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dqN HkxksM+s Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa us mUgsa [ksrh dh ifjdYiuk le>kus ds fy, kkd&Hkkth cukdj fn[kkbZ] rc mUgsa cM+k vkp;Z gqvkA euq;
dh e`R;q ds Ikpkr~ os ko dks dqN fnu ds fy, ,d o`{k ij Vkax nsrs gSaA dgrs gSa] fQj mls iRFkj ekjdj uhps fxjkrs gSaA mudh /keZ
fok;d ladYiukvksa dh dqN Hkh fooluh; tkudkjh vHkh rd ladfyr ugha gS] rFkkfi Hkwr&izsr vkSj Hk; ds vkxs muds /keZ fok;d
fopkjksa dk fodkl gqvk izrhr ugh gksrkA muesa ,d tutkfr vusd /keZ fok;d fopkjksa dk fodkl gqvk izrhr ugha gksrkA muesa ,d
tutkfr vusd okZ vaxzstksa dh kj.k esa vkdj muds vkJ; esa jgh] bl dkj.k ;s oU; tkojk vk/kqfud ekuo dh rjg muds izfr Hkh
foksk Hkkouk j[krs gSaA rFkkfi brus futZu taxyksa esa jgrs gq, Hkh /khjs&/khjs muesa czkaMh vkSj nskh efnjk dk izosk gks jgk gSA
tkojksa dk O;olk;
vaxsztksa ls feydj jgusokys tkojksa dk izeq[k O;olk; gS lkxj rV ls vusd lqnaj ka[k] lhfi;ka rFkk fofo/kkd`fr pded iRFkj pqudj
vaxsztksa dh pkSdh ij ykuk&dqN dkap ds f[kykSu]s phuh] rackdw ysdj mu oLrqvksa dks cspuk& nks&pkj fudVorhZ bekjrksa esa] tks muds
fy, gh cuokbZ xbZ Fkh] jgrs gq, vkSj iqu% bl vHks| vkj.;d fufcM+rk esa ?kqldj vn`; gks tkukA os taxy ls kgn ykdj mls
csprs FksA bu lHkh oLrqvksa dks ogka ls bdV~Bk djds ljdkj mUgsa fonsk Hkstrh gSA ogka ds ka[kksa dks Bhd rjg ls f?kldj ij ls
paknh vFkok lqo.kZ dh x<+u ds lkFk Hkkjh eksy ysdj mUgsa cspk tkrkA ;s fgys gq, yksx vc ,d NksVh lh yaxksVh iguus yxs gSaA mudh
fL=;ka ,dk/k ikk vFkok i.kZekyk dfV esa yisVrh gSA mifuoskh; yksxksa ls fudV laca/k gks tkus ls muesa ,d fefJr larfr mRiUu gksus
yxh gSA dHkh&dHkh xksjs flikgh vFkok ;wjksfi;u O;fDr ds laidZ ls mRiUu tkojk fL=;ksa dh larku xksjh vkSj Hkkjrh; iq:kksa ds lalxZ
ls mRiUu lkWaoyh vFkok xsgqaWvk o.khZ; fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA muesa ls dqN ;qod&;qofr;ka vkSj fokskr% lfEeJ larfr dh i<+kbZ vkSj mUgsa
ljdkjh ukSdjh nsus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA lquk gS] ,d&nks efgyk,a lsok&Vgy dk dke&dkt lh[kdj /kk; Hkh cuh gSaA vaneku ds
phQ dfeujksa esa ls ,d dh L=h ds fy, blh izdkj ,d tkojk efgyk dks lgpjh ds :i esa fu;q Dr fd;k x;k FkkA
ge dg ldrs gSa fd vaneku dk vokZphu lqlaxr bfrgkl lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1776 ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA blls iwoZ flaxkiqj] isukax]
eyDdk] Vsuklsjhe vkfn }hiksa rFkk Lfkyksa ls dkysikuh dk naM izkIr yksxksa dks fuokZflr fd;k tkrk FkkA bathfu;j dksycqzd rFkk dSIVu
Cysvj tSls nks m|ksxh vaxsztksa us lu~ 1776 dh laf/k esa vaneku
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esa mifuosk izLFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;kA mlls iwoZ dbZ ckj vaxsztksa dh ukSdk,a HkVddj bl }hi ds fdukjs vk yxh FkhA muds
Hk;adj o.kZu vkt Hkh i<+us dks feyrs gSaA dSIVu Cysvj us tc mifuosk IkzLFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;k rc vaneku dh tyok;w
uxjokfl;ksa ds LokLF; ds fy, cgqr gkfudkjd FkhA tks yksx m/kj izLFkkfir fd, x,] muesa ls ,d Hkh euq; vf/kd le; thfor ugha
jg ldkA m, Cysvj lkgc ds uke ls gh vaneku dk orZeku canjxkg &iksVZ Cysvj* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vkxs lu~ 1857 &58
ds Lora=rk laxzke esa tks gtkjksa lSfud ijkHkwr gksdj }hikarj ds Hk;kud naM ds fkdkj cus] mUgsa blh vaneku esa yk;k x;kA rHkh ls
bl mifuosk dkk lqlac} Jhx.ksk gqvkA tc ge vaneku x, Fks rc lu~ 1957 dh jkT;kafr ds fuokZflr kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ls vanekuh
mifuosk dk Jhx.ksk gksrk gS& vkSj ;g dSlk la;ksx G fd ipkl okZ Ipkr~ lu~ 1907 & 8 dh jkT;kafr ds usrkvksa ds fuokZlu ls
mldk var gksrk gSA
oklqnso cyoar ds jkT;kafr dk;Z esa Hkkx ysus okys lkFk;ksa dks Hkh vaneku ds fy, gh j[kkuk fd;k x;k FkkA gesa bl ckr dk irk py
gh x;k Fkk fd muesa ls ,d&nks gekjs tkus ds ckn vkxs&ihNs eqDr gks pqds FksA cacbZ ds fganq&eqfLye naxk&Qlknksa esa naM izkIr dqN fganw
m/kj gh FksA ef.kiqj dh jkT;kafr esa fgLlk ysusokyksa dks Hkh m/kj gh Hkstk x;k FkkA muesa ls muds jktoak ds yksxksa dks ,d lhfer
Hkw[kaM ij dkQh gn rd Lora= :i ls ?kj clkdj jgus dh vuqefr nh tkrh A BsB cafn;ksa tSls O;ogkj ls mUgsa rax ugha fd;k x;k
FkkA bl izdkj vaneku esa jktuhfrd vFkok lkoZtfud vkanksyu esa naM izkIr lSdM+ksa jktuhfrd nafMr izkphu dky ls dVe; fnu fcrk
jgs gSa] rFkkfi muds dVksa vFkok vaneku dh dgkuh fganqLFkku ds n;iVy ij vafdr gksus dk la;ksx rc tqM+ ugha ldkA vokZphu
kkafrdkfj;ksa ds fuokZlu ls ;g la;ksx cuk vkSj Hkkjrh; fnyksa dks vc bl ckr dk ,glkl gks jgk gS fd vius /keZ] tkfr rFkk jkV
ds lgksa oakt vkSj vkat vaneku esa cls gq, gSaA mu Hkkjrh; mifuosfk;ksa dk vius izse] vkReh;rk rFkk drZO; ij mruk gh
vf/kdkj gS ftruk Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh ,d jkT; dkA ;g ckr Hkkjrh; fnyksa esa vHkh Hkys gh /kqa/kyh lh gks] ijarq vkus vo; yxh gSA
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iksVZ Cysvj
îksVZ Cysvj* bl mifuosk dk izeq[k canjxkg vkSj }hi gSA vaneku esa Hkkjrh; vkSj czh yksxksa ds cafn;ksa dk mifuosk gksus ls bu
lkB&lkj okksZa esa gh ogka dk tulewg Hkkjrh; gks x;k gSA ijarq fudkscj esa czh vkSj eyk;k laLd`fr RkFkk lekt ls geskk ds fy,
oafpr gks x;k gSA vktdy vaneku esa Hkh dqN gn rd nafMrksa dks Hkstuk can gksus ds dkj.k gesa ;g vkkadk gks jgh gS fd m/kj Hkh
Hkkjrh; cLrh lekfIr dh vksj yxrh gS vkSj blhfy, bl fok; ls lacaf/kr iwokZij ds nkskksa dks vkWapy esa cka/kdj Hkh bl egoiw.kZ
ckr ij fopkj djus ds fy, ge ;gha ij pkj kCn fy[kuk vko;d le>rs gSaA
Vaneku esa dqN vakksa esa cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ksa dks Hkstuk can gksus ds ckn vf/kdkfj;ksa us fup; fd;k fd r=LFk HkwHkkx dk caVokjk djds
mu fgLlksa rFkk ukfj;y ,oa lqikfj;ksa ds mu gtkjksa ckxkuksa dks] tks ljdkjh vf/kdkj esa gSa] xzkgdksa dks cspdj og lkjh laifk
O;fDrxr dj nh tk,A mlds vuqlkj lSdM+ksa ,dM+ Hkwfe vkSj o`{k vR;Yi ewY; ij cspus ds fy, lewg cuk, x,A bu lewgksa dh fch
dh ;kstuk ds ckjs esa fganqLFkku ds O;kikjh iwjh rjg ls vufHkK Fks] vkSj ,sls fganw O;kikjh Hkh bus&fxus gh Fks tks vaneku esa mu lewgksa
dks [kjhn ldrs FksA vr% LiV gS] muesa ls izk;% lkjs lewg r=LFk ;wjksfi;u RkFkk ,aXyks&bafM;u yksxksa ds gkFkksa gh yx jgs gSaA ftu FkksMs+
ls Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa vFkok lg;ksx u fey ldus ds dkj.k /kuktZu dk ;g Lo.kZ volj O;FkZ fl} gks jgk gSA taxyksa dh dVkbZ djds
mifuosk clkus ds fy, Hkh ljdkj us vR;ar lqyHk lqfo/kkvksa ij HkwHkkx nsus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA bDdh&nqDdh bZlkbZ laLFkkvksa us bu
lqfo/kkvksa dk ykHk mBkdj fganqLFkku fLFkr laFkky vkfn tutkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dks bZlkbZ cukdj m/kj ys tkdj taxy dkVdj mudk bZ lkbZ
mifuosk cukus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gS] ijarq fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; vFkok fganw O;kikjh dk vHkh rd bl vksj /;ku ugha x;k gSA
Cklkgr dh vksj pyks

vaneku esa igys cafn;ksa dh clkgr Fkh] rc m/kj tkus vFkok O;kikj djus esa <sj lkjh dfBukb;ka vkrh FkhA ijarq vc bruh dfBukbZ
ugha gksrhA vr% Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks pkfg, fd m/kj vktdy Hkwfe rFkk cus&cuk, ukfj;y ds ckxku vYi ewY; esa izkIr djus dk
volj gkFk ls u fudyus nsa vkSj m/kj tkdj mu lewgksa ds
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[kjhnsaA ;gka ij iwjh tkudkjh nsuk vlaHko gS] ijarq ;fn fdlh dks blesa :fp gks rks og vaneku ds phQ dfeuj ds irs ij fy[kdj
tkudkjh izkIr dj ldrk gSA b/kj fcks Hkj VqdM+s ds fy, mPp U;k;y; ds }kj [kV[kVkdj fookn ds iPkM+s esa iM+us dh ctk; m/kj
,dM+ksa esa Hkwfe ukeek= ds ewY; esa miyC/k gksus ij Hkh mls izkIr djus dk iz;kl u djuk dwieaMwdrk ugha rks vkSj D;k gS \ ijarq D;k
fd;k tk,! ;g fcks Hkj VqdM+k iwoZtksa }kjk vftZr gS u\ ,sls ?kj?kqls vfHkekuh yksx ,d irs dh ckr ij xkSj djsa fd ^;g esjh iwoZtksa
}kjk vftZr laifk gS* ,slh xoksZfDr djus ls vf/kd Js;Ldj gS ;g dguk fd ^;g ejsh viuh dekbZ gS] u fd cki dh dekbZ*A
Hkxoku~ vkSj nsk blh ls izlUu gksaxAs
vaneku ds cafn;ksa dh clkgr can djus rd fganqLFkkuh dkSaflyksa esa vaneku laca/kh cgqr ppkZ dh xbZ] ijarq og clkgr VwVrs gh& dqN
vak rd VwV gh xbZ& dkSafly ds lnL;ksa dks bldk laiw.kZ foLej.k gks x;k] ;g Bhd ughaA m/kj vkt yxHkx nl gtkj yksx jg jgs
gSa] tks gekjs nsk] /keZ rFkk tkfr ds gSaA gekjs cka/koksa dh rhu&pkj ihf<+;ksa ds thou dh jk[k bl }hiiqat esa teh gSA muds vFkd
ifjJe ls ;g }hi ^;% dfpr~* inkFkZ ugha gS] vkfFkZd n`fV ls Hkh m/kj foiqy laink mRiUu gks ldrh gSA m/kj pk; ckxku] jcM+ dh
Qly] xUus] ukfj;y] lqikjh ds cM+s&cM+s ckxku laiUukoLFkk esa ygygk jgs gSa] rFkkfi vkt Hkh ml Hkwfe dk Hkj.k&iksk.k oSls ugha gqvk
tSls gksuk pkfg,A vHkh rd ipkl okksZa esa ,d NksVs ls fgLls dks gh d`fk ;ksX; cuk;k x;k gSA taxy dh iSnkokj Hkh nks ckj gks ldrh
gSA vr% vkfFkZd n`fV ls Hkh cafn;ksa dh clkgr can gksus ds ckn bl }hi dh O;oLFkk dSlh j[kh xbZ] m/kj Hkwfe ds xqV rFkk ckxku dh
fch fdl nj ls gksxh] bls igyh ckj fganqLFkku esa foKkfir djds fQj mUgsa cspk x;k vFkok og dqN [kkl yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa tk jgh
gS] vkfn iwNrkN dksbZ dkSaflyj vo; djsaA mlh rjg vius mu tkfr&ca/kqvksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS] tks m/kj ,dkdh gks x, gSa& ;g ,d
ckj izR;{k ns[k vkus ds fy,] dkSafly ds yksd fu;qDr i{k dks pkfg, fd og fdlh dkSaflyj dks m/kj Hkst nsA os cspkjs xwaxs gSaA muds
ikl viuh fLFkfr lq/kkjus ds fy, dksbZ lk/ku ugha] vr% vkidks mudk eq[k cuuk gksxkA vk;Zlekth minskdksa esa ls Hkh fdlh izeq[k
minskd dks m/kj Hkstuk vko;d gSA ogka cgqla[; yksx fganw gksus ij Hkh vkSj bl ckr ds fy, iz;Rujr gksrs gq, Hkh fd Ldwyksa esa
fganh Hkkkk i<+kbZ tk,& nSuafnu ys[ku dh Hkkkk mnwZ gh gSA bruk gh ugha] Hkkjrh; vFkok fganw cPpksa dks Hkh Ldwyksa esa ekr`Hkkkk ugha
i<+kbZ tkrh] fk{kk dk ek/;e vHkh Hkh mnwZ j[kk x;k gSA ;s vkSj bl rjg dh vusd ckrksa dh vksj tks dksbZ laxBd ogka tk, rks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
80
ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku vkdfkZr dj mfpr O;oLFkk djsA

vaneku dh leLr fLFkfr dk fooj.k vkSj mls lq/kkjus ds mik;ksa dk mYys[k vkxs ;FkkLFkku vk,xk] vr% vHkh bl vR;ar egoiw.kZ
izu dh vksj xkSj djus rd gh eSa viuh ckr dks lhfer j[kdj vkxs c<w+axkA
vaxszth uke dk fganhdj.k

vaneku fLFkr izLrrqr HkwHkkxksa ds uke izk;% vaxszth esa j[ks x, gSaA ijarq Hkkjrh; mifuoskkarxZr yksxksa dh ckrphr esa muds tks :i gks
x, gSa] os fganh ls bruh lQkbZ ds lkFk feyrs&tqyrs gSa fd ;fn dksbZ fo}ku muds :ikarj djus dh ftEesnkjh ys Hkh ysrk rks og mls
lk/; ugha gksrkA Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh ckrphr esa ^kksvj ikWbaV* dk ^lqojisB* :ikarj gks x;k gSA ^bMkWl ikWbVa * dk naMkisBA mlh
xksdqykou~ ckjkVkWax] dkykVkax vkfn ukedj.k Hkh Jo.kh; gSaA vKkr ckrsa oLrqvksa ds LoHkko ls gh Kkr gksrh gSa] ,sls gh vKkr kCn Hkh
HkkkkkL= esa Kkr oLrqvksa ds LoHkko ds vk/kkj ls gh mPpkfjr gksus dh tks lgt izo`fk gksrh gS] mldk ,d euksjatu mnkgj.k gSA fcuk
fdlh lk/kkj.k ladsr ds mu vaxszth kCnksa ds :ikarj dks vius vki gh Hkkjrh; eq[kksa }kjk fganhRo izkIr gks x;k gSA
blds izR;sd ftys esa nafMrksa dh bekjras cuokbZ xbZ gSa vkSj muesa ,d&,d dkj[kkuk [kksyk x;k gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fQfuDl esa yksg k] ihry]
lhfi;ksa] dNqvksa dh ihB vkfn ls vusd lqanj phtsa cukus dk fkYi dk;Z tkjh gS] ftlesa pkj lkS fkYiK canh dk;ZZjr jgrs gSaA usOghos
QV~Vs esa lfCt;ksa dk ckxku gSa pWFke esa taxyh ydfM+;ksa dks cukus dk rFkk vkjh ls phjus dj dkj[kkuk gSA dkykVkWax esa pk; dk ckxku
gSA m/kj bruk dBksj ifjJe djk;k tkrk gS fd ogka tkus ds uke ij canh Hkh Fkj&Fkj dkaius yxrs gSaA buds vfrfjDr taxy dVkbZ ds
fy, ftu Vksfy;kas dks Hkstk tkrk gS] muds nqHkkZX; dh rks dksbZ lhek ugha gksrhA
vaneku24 esa igys&igy ftu&ftu cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka Hksth xbZ ogka igqapus ij mUgsa igys yxHkx eqDr NksM+k tkrk A vkxs muls dqN
okksZa rd ljdkjh dSn esa
24
vnaeku dh orZeku lu~ 1968 ifjfLFkfr ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lanHkZ nsf[k,&

1- Vaneku ls vkuaneku&ys[kd ek/ko jktokM+s] tks lu~ 1958 ls vaneku ds izkkld gSaA
2- ^fdyksZLdj*] twu 1960] jktokM+s dk ys[kA
3- ^/keZ;qx*] 3 ebZ] 1969] ,l-d`.kewfrZ dk fganh ys[kA
4- ^dsljh*] 31 tuojh] 1960] olar jkepanz xks[kys dk ys[kA
5- 7 vkSj 14 tqykbZ] 1968 ds ^dsljh* esa Jh dkSfkd dk ys[kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
81
dke djok;k tkrkA tks Lor=a jgrs] os /kku dh [ksrh djrsA muds oaktksa dh tks cLrh c<+rh xbZ] mUgsa Qsjh vFkkZr~ ^h* dgk tkrk gSA
vkt muesa fdrus lkjs fkf{kr rFkk fkV yksx gSaA vkxs pydj fganqLFkku ls canh vkrs gh mUgsa dqN fnu ds fy, dkjkx`g esa j[kus dh
;kstuk cukbZ xbZA blds fy, vkSj vaneku fLFkr vijkf/k;ksa ds fy, ,d u;k fokky dkjkx`g cuk;k x;kA
th gka] ;gh gS og flYoj tsy vFkok Cellular Jaikl] vkxs pydj tgka jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dks okksZa rd can j[kus dh ifjikVh cu
xbZ& bruh dBksj fd ftldh ,dkar dksBjh esa djkgus dh izfr/ofu ,d ckj fganqLFkku ds rV rd Hkh lqukbZ nsA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
81
izdj.k&7
vaneku esa
ty;ku vaneku ds canjxkg esa vkdj [kM+ a a[kM+ a a[kM+ djrk gqvk ikuh esa yksgs dk yaxj Mkydj [kM+k gks x;kA25 /khjs&/khjs cM+h&cM+h
ukSdkvksa dk] tks cafn;ksa dks ys tkrh gSa] vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh eksVjcksVksa dk te?kV ml ty;ku ds pkjksa vksj yx x;kA mrjus ds fy,
gesa tgkt ij dkQh le; [kM+s jguk iM+kA mruh nsj esa b/kj&m/kj n`fV nkSMk+ dj ml Hkwfe dk fufj{k.k fd;k tgka gesa vkthou jguk
FkkA iqjkus canh tks lkFk esa Fks vkSj dqN flikgh] os dqN tkudkjh ns nsrsA og jkl{hi gSA ogka vaneku dk phQ dfeuj jgrk gSa lkxj
esa ;g }hi bl rjg ksHkk;eku Fkk tSls >hy esa cuk;k gqvk fdlh vIljk dk egyA ,d izdkj ls og }hi vU; }hiksa dh rqyuk esa
bruk uUgk lk] lq?kM+ rFkk lqkksfHkr Fkk fd iy Hkj ds fy, csfM+;ksa esa tdM+s eu dk Hkh euksjt
a u gks tkrk FkkA nwljh vksj vaneku ds
lkxj rV ds fudV lqnwj rFkk lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls yxkbZ gqbZ ukfj;y o`{k dh Jsf.k;ka >we jgh FkhA nwj&nwj rd vke] lqikjh rFkk ihiy
o`{k ds iqat fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA fudV ?kkV ij euq;ksa ds >qaM&ds&>qaM pgd jgs FksA mlds ij gh apkbZ ds fljs ij ukfj;y ds >wers
gq, N= ds uhps ,d o`kkdkj izkphj ds Hkhrj ,d HkO; Hkou fn[kkbZ fn;kA fdruk kkar mlds bnZfxnZ ukfj;y] lqikjh rFkk dsys ds ou
paWoj Bqyk jgs Fks] N= idM+dj [kM+s FksA yxk tSls ;g fdlh laiUu rFkk kkafrfiz; x`gLFk dh dksBh gks vFkok fdlh iknjh dk vkJeA
geus iwNk]^ôg Hkou D;k gS\** flikgh us dgk] ^^vjs] ogh rks gS ckjh ckck dk flYoj tsyA** bl ckjh ckck dk vkSj flYoj tsy dj
mYys[k flikfg;ksa us cafn;ksa dks /kedkus ds fy, tgkt ij bruh ckj fd;k Fkk fd mu flikfg;ksa dh ekU;rk dqN xyr ugha FkhA ;g
flYoj tsy gS] ;g dgrs gh mlds vkarfjd Lo:i dk iw.kZ cks/k gks x;kA og vkSj vf/kd dìkyq gksdj fcuk iwNs gh dgus yxk,** vc
25
ohj lkojdj 4 tqykbZ] 1911 ds fnu vaneku igqaps FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
83
m/kj gh tkuk gSA ogha ckjh ckck ds ?kj ij Bgjuk gS vki lcdksA**
ge lHkh nafMrksa ds flj ij fcLrj RkFkk gkFk esa FkkyhikV nsdj ,d iafDr esa uhps mrkjk x;kA tgkt?kkV ij vkrs gh vU; cafn;ksa dks
flikfg;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa ds igjs esa ij Hkstk x;k] dsoy eq>s gh ;wjksfi;uksa ds igjs esa vyx j[kk x;kA m/kj tgkt?kkV ij cSBs&cSBs esjs
eu esa fopkj vk x;k fd vaneku esa ,sls LFkku ij clk;k x;k gS fd fganqLFkku dh lkeqfnzd lqj{kk dh n`fV ls mldk ego dHkh Hkh
de gksuk vlaHko gSA
vaneku&fudksckj dk ;g iwoZorhZ }hiiqat fganqLFkku ds iwoZ esa lkxj dk }kj gh gSA ;fn ;g }hi fganqLFkku ds vf/kdkj esa u gks vkSj
;fn mldk ijdksVk rFkk ;q}tU; kfDr nqcZy gks rks iwjc dh vksj ls gksusokyk dksbZ Hkh leqnzh geyk dydkk rd tk igqapsxk] ijarq
;fn vaneku dk }hiiqat fganqLFkku dh lkk ds uhps jgsxk rks mls gokbZ ,oa lkxjh; Fkkus dh ;ksX;rk izkIr gks tk,xh vkSj izkphj n`<+
dh tk,xh] m/kj Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk dk ,d cykkyh csM+k lrr igjk nsxk vkSj iwoZorhZ fonskh k=q ds fdlh Hkh vke.k dk igyk
izfrdkj vaneku ds vkaxu esa gh fd;k tk ldsxkA vaneku dh cLrh rFkk l|% laLd`fr&lcdqN Hkkjrh; gksus ds dkj.k ml }hiiqat dk
Hkkjr dk gh ,d jktuhfrd foHkkx gksuk U;k;ksfpr gSA ifpeh lkxj rV ij y{knho&ekynho tSls NksVs&NksVs }hi Hkh fganqLFkkuh
jkT;kklu ds gkFk ls tc fudy x, rc ;wjksih; lkeqfnd vke.k fcYdqy ?kj ds }kj ij vkdj cacbZ] xksok dks [kV[kVkus yxsA mUgsa
nwj j[kdj jksdus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh mik; fganqLFkku dh rRdkyhu nskh lkk ugha dj ldhA vc Hkfo; esa rks ;g Hkwy lq/kkj dj ifpe
dh vksj ekynho] nf{k.k dh vksj flagy }hi] iwjc dh vksj vaneku fudksckj }hiiqat& bu lHkh Lfkyksa dks cykkyh lkeqfnzd lSU;
fkfoj rFkk lkxjh; nqxZ dk Lo:i nsuk pkfg,A 26 vkt dsoy jktuhfrd la;ksxok flaxkiqj Hkkjrh; lkxj dh ukd gSA vaneku
izkd`frd pkSdh gS] D;ksafd vaneku flagy}hi dh rjg Hkkjr dk gh ,d izkd`frd rFkk lkaLd`frd vak gSA
pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk!

Hkkoh Hkkjr ds cykkyh ;q}iksrksa dk csM+k vaneku ds izkax.k esa leqnhz nqxZ ds vkxs igjk nsrk gqvk esjh dYiuk rjax esa ygjkus gh yxk
Fkk fd ,d flikgh cM+h mn~naMrkiwoZd ngkM+k]^^pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk!** D;kafs d ,d ;wjksfi;u vf/kdkjh
26
Lkojdj ds bu nwjn`fViw.kZ fopkjksa us lu~ 1968 esa rc ewrZ :i xzg.k fd;k] tc Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk vkSj ukSlsuk ds fBdkus esa cuk,
x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
84
fudV gh [kM+k FkkA izR;sd fganw Hkkjrh; iqfyl flikgh rFkk lSfud dh ;gh /kkj.kk gks tkrh gS fd vaxzstksa ds lkeus Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd
cafn;ksa ds lkFk ftruk vf/kd mn~naMkrkiwoZd O;ogkj djsa
mruk gh viuh inksUufr ds fy, ykHknk;d fl} gksxkA vaneku esa gksusokys vieku dk ;g dgQ okD; lwr mokp gh FkkA mB x;k]
viuk fcLrj flj ij mBk;k] gkFk esa FkkyhikV Fkkek] iSjksa dh Hkkjh csfM+;ka dej ls Bhd&Bhd dl yha vkSj [kM+k jgkA fdlh mPp
egku~ fopkjksa dh pksVh ls vpkud fdlh fook izfrdwy rFkk :[ks fopkjksa ds x<+s esa <dsyk tk, rks eu Hkh ?kk;y gksrk gS] tSls fd
vpkud apkbZ ls uhps fxjus ij kjhj grkgr gksrk gS] rFkkfi viuh dYiuk rjaxksa esa n`fVxkspj gqbZ Hkkoh Hkkjr dh cykkyh ukSl suk
dks ns[k Hkfo; esa Lok/khu gksusokys Hkkjr ds dBksj ,oa fook orZeku ds ml ^pyks] mBkvks fcLrj dk lkeuk djus ds fy, eSa >V ls
rS;kj gks x;kA eq>s ?kkV ls fudydj ,d p<+kbZ ij p<+us dk vknsk fn;k x;kA ij csfM+;ksa ls tdM+s gq, uaxs iSjksa ds dkj.k p<+u s esa
foyac gksus yxkA flikgh ls dgk] ^pyus nks mls] tYnh D;ksa epk jgs gks\** p<+rs le; esjs eu esa ,d gh fopkj eaMjk jgk Fkk]^ lkxj
ls ;g jkg pydj eSa ij p<+ jgk gwa tks vaneku tkrh gSa vaneku ls okil Hkkjr ykSVus ds fy, blh ekxZ ls eSa bl tUe esa iqUk%
lkxj dh vksj vk Hkh ldwaxk\*
FkksMh+ gh nsj esa p<+kbZ lekIr gks xbZ vkSj flYoj tsy dk }kj vk x;kA yksgs dh pqyksa ls nk<+ dM+dM+kus yxhA fQj ml dkjkx`g us
viuk tcM+k [kksyk vkSj esjs Hkhrj ?kqlus ds ckn og tcM+k tks can gqvk rks iqUk% X;kjg okZ ckn gh [kqykA
Ckkjh lkgc vkrk gS

Njokts ds Hkhrj iSj j[krs gh nks xksjs lktsZVksa us eq>s nksuksa ls idM+dj [kM+k fd;kA brus esa vkl&ikl ds izgfj;ksa esa [kqlj&Qqlj izkjaHk
gks xbZ&^ckjh lkgc vk jgk gSA* ckjh lkgc ls vf/kd fuBqj vFkok dBksj O;fDr mUgkasus dHkh ugha ns[kk Fkk] vr% os bl mRdaBk ls
esjh vksj rkdus yxs fd mldk uke ysrs gh esjs eq[k ij D;k izfrf;k gksrh gSA ijarq eSa rks ml Hkhk.k HkO; dkjkx`g ds nks ykSg
njoktksa ds chp ds fgLls dks lqkksfHkr djus ds fy, tks vkHkwk.k /kkj.k fd, x, Fks] mUgsa ij[kus esa O;Lr FkkA fofHkUu izdkj ls
gFkdfM+;ka ,d&nwljh esa xwWaFkdj muds Hkn~ns] HkkasMs Qwy nhokj ij yxk, x, FksA iSjksa dh cM+h&cM+h csfM+;ka] naM&csfM+;ka vkSj vU; vk;q/k]
tks euq; ds kjhj dks dV nsrs gSa] lkeus ds fgLls ij ,d iafDr esa yVd jgs FksA ml mxzrk dh Hkh ,d kksHkk FkhA ml cs;kWusV]
canwdksa] csfM+;ksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
85
gFkdfM+;ksa ds lkSE; vkHkwk.kksa ls og Hkhk.k rqjax bl rjg kksHkk;eku gksrk tSls ,d tYykn lqanj oL= igudj QkWalh nsus ds fy, vkrs
gq, kksfHkr gksrk gSA
nskksa dh Lora=rk&izkfIr dk bfrgkl i<+usokyksa vkSj r=LFk fuokZflrksa vkSj nafMrksa ds vkReo`r ns[kusokyksa us ftu n`;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS]
ftls lqudj jksaxVs [kM+s gks tkrs gSa] ;g n`; muls v{kjk% esy [kkrk FkkA nksuksa mn~naM lktsZVksa us eq>s idM+dj m/kj bl rjg [kM+k
dj fn;k fd ml n`; ds Hkhk.k tcM+ksa ls esjk lkjk euks/kZ;Z pdukpwj gks tk,A og Hkhk.rk esjh vksj vka[kksa ls vka[ksa ffeyk jgk FkkA
nksuksa dk ifjp; gks x;kA eq>s ,d vuks[kh] vn~Hkqr larqfV feyhA vPNk] rks fQj eSaus tks i<+k og Lo;a vuqHko fd;k vkSj m/kj bu
n`;ksa ds tcM+s esa fcuk VwVs fudai&fuHkZ;rk ds lkFk [kM+k gks x;kA fczLVu dh yanu fLFkr tsy esa eSaus ^nks ewfrZ* rjg ds mn~xkj esjs
n; esa mHkjus yxsA
ckjh ckck dk minsk

euksfodkjksa ds coaMj ls fdafpr NqVdkjk feyrs gh eSaus eqM+dj ns[kk rks ,d eksVk&rktk V&iqV xksjk vf/kdkjh gkFk esa eksVk lk lksVk
idM+s esjh vksj ?kwj jgk FkkA rks ;s gh ckjh lkgc Fks! mUgksaus gsrqiwoZd vius vkxeu dh ckr esjs dkuksa esa Mkyh vkSj vc os fuR; ds
vuqHko ds vuqlkj bl vis{kk ds lkFk ;gka vk, Fks fd ;g cspkjk lgeh&lgeh utjksa ls mudh jkg dh vksj ns[krk gksx k] ijarq mlh
le; esjk eu mi;ZqDr fot;h fopkjksa esa eXu Fkk] vr% eq>s irk gh ugha pyk fd os dc vk x,A ml dkykof/k esa mUgsa esjh vksj
ns[krs jgus dh bPNk gqbZ gksxhA bl rjg esjk xqipqi fujh{k.k djrs TkSls gh esjh n`fV muij iM+h oSls gh os esjh vksj ns[kh&vuns[kh
djrs gq, ml lktsZaV dks vknsk nsus yxs] ^^Leave him, he is not a tiger.** NksM+ nks bls] og dksbZ ck?k ugha gSA mlds ckn esjh
vksj ml eksVs lksVs dks y{; djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^^Well, are you the man who tried to escape at Marseilles?**rqe gh og
vkneh gks ftlus ekLksZfyl ls Hkkxus dk iz;kl fd;k Fkk\ mlds bl m}r Loj esa iwNs izu dk mrus gh m}r ijarq la;r Loj esa eSaus
mkj fn;k] ^^Yes, why?** gkaW] D;ksa\ esjs mkj ls ckjh lkgc dk Loj rfud uje gks x;kA dsoy dkSrwgyiw.kZ Loj esa mUgksaus dgk]
^^Why did you do that?**rqeus ,slk D;ksa fd;k\ eSaus dgk] ^^ blds dkbZ dkj.k gSaA muesa ls ,d ;g gS fd bu lHkh dVksa ls eqfDr
feysA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
86
^Îkjarq bu dVksa esa rks rqe Lo;a gh dwns Fks u!**

^^gka] ;g lp gSA D;kasfd bu dVksa esa dwnuk eq>s viuk drZO; yxkA vkSj mu dVksa ls ;FkklaHko eqDr gksuk Hkh eq>s drZO; gh izrhr
gqvkA**
^^ns[kks]** ckjh lkgc ,dne [kqydj galrs&galrs dgus yxk] ^^ eSa vaxzst ugha gwa] vk;fjk gwaA mlh dkj.k esjs eu esa rqEgkjs izfr
vuknj vFkok frjLdkj mRiUu ugha gksrkA baXySaM esa eSaus viuh r:.kkbZ ds fnu fcrk, gSa vkSj mu yksxksa ds ln~xq.kksa dk eSa pkgusokyk
gwaA eSa ;g blfy, dg jgk gwa fd eSa vk;fjk gwa& cpiu esa eSaus Hkh vk;jySaM dks vaxsztksa ds paxqy ls NqM+kus ds fy, fNM+s Lora=rk
laxzke esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA ijarq vc esjs eu us iyVh [kkbZ gSA vkSj ns[kks] eSa rqEgsa fe=rk ds ukrs ;g dg jgk gwaA rqe vHkh ;qok gks]
eSa rqels cM+k gwa] rqels vf/kd nqfu;k ns[kh gSA** You are still young. But I am advanced in age. eSaus rqEgsa eqLdjkrs gq, chp esa
gh iwNk] ^^ And dont you think that perhaps that may be the reason of the change that has come over you? Not
increasing wisdom but dwindling energy? ** pdjkrs gq, ckjh lkgc us dgk] ^^vki Bgjs cM+s cSfjLVj vkSj eSa ,d vui<+
tsyj] ijarq esjs bl minsk dks rqPN er le>ukA gR;k gR;k gh gksrh gSA gR;kvksa ls dHkh Lora=rk ugha feysxhA** Murders are
murders and they will never bring independence.
^^fcYdqy lgh gSA ijarq vki igys ;gh ikB vk;jySaM ds flufQuokyksa dks D;ksa ugha i<+krs\ vkidks fdlus crk;k fd eSa gR;k dk
i{kikrh gwaA** ckr dk :[k cnyrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^^vc lqifjVsaMsaV lkgc i/kkj jgs gSaA okLro esa vkils esjk jktuhfr fok;d ppkZ
djuk fu;e ck gSA ijarq vki tSls fo}ku] ;qok rFkk fo[;kr euq; dks bl rjg ds eDdkj cnekkksa esa ns[kdj var%dj.k NViVkrk
gS] blhfy, bruk dqN dgkA vc ihNs tks gqvk lks gqvkA mlls eq>s dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA vki ;gka ds dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa dk ikyu
dhft,A cl] esjk dke gks x;kA fu;e ds fo:} O;ogkj er djukA vU;Fkk eq>s naM Hkh nsuk iM+sxkA** bl canhiky ds /;ku esa ;g
ckr ugha vkbZ fd viuk ;g dFku& cafn;ksa ds lkFk jktuhfr dh ppkZ er djuk&;g eSa fu;e fo:} O;ogkj dj jgk gwa&^rqe fu;e ds
fo:} vkpj.k er djuk vU;Fkk eq>s naM Hkh nsuk iM+sxk&* ;g dguk fdruk ifjgkliw.kZ gSA
^^vkSj vkidks ,d lko/kkuh dh lwpuk nsuk eSa viuk drZO; le>rk gwaA vki ;fn ;gka ls Hkkxus dh psVk djsaxs rks Hk;adj ladV esa
iM+saxsA bl tsy ds bnZfxnZ ?kuk taxy gSA muesa egkwj] [kwaW[kkj] u`kal taxyh yksx jgrs gSaA os vkids tSls lqdqekj ckydksa dh Vksg esa
jgrs gSa] muds paxqy esa Qalrs gh os mls ddM+h tSlk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
87
Pkckrs gSaA galrs D;ksa gSa\ D;ksa teknkj] eSa tks dg jgk gwa lp gS ;k ugha\** teknkj us lpeqp eqtjk djrs gq, mudh gka esa gka
feykbZ,^^ lksyg vkus lp gS] lkgcA**
^êSa Hkh tkurk gwa** eSaus dgk] ^^ idM+s tkrs gh eSaus izFker% tks iqLrd eaxokdj i<+h& og gS vaneku dk ljdkjh bfro`rA eSa Bhd rjg
ls tkurk gwa] iksVZ Cysvj eklsZfyl ugha gSA**
^^Bhd gSA ;g ns[kks vkSj tSlk eSa dgwa oSlk djksA eSa vkids dke vkaxkkA gka] teknkj] bUgsa Hkhrj ys tkvks vkSj lkr uacj dh pkyh
dh dksBjh esa can dj nksA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
88
izdj.k&8
dksBjh esa igyk lIrkg

eq>s ysdj og teknkj lkr uacj dh bekjr esa can djus py iM+kA jkLrs esa ,d gkSt fn[kkbZ fn;kA teknkj us dgk] ^^blesa ugk yksA**
pkj&ikap fnu gks x, Fks] eSa Luku ugha dj ldk FkkA lkxj ;k=k ls kjhj vR;f/kd eSyk gks x;k Fkk] ?keksfj;ka fudy vkbZ FkhA vr%
Luku djus dh vuqefr feyrs gh eq>s vfr izlUurk gqbAZ ijarq D;k fHkxksa \ teknkj us dkg] ^^yaxksVhA** vc dke djrs rFkk Luku
djrs le; fu;e ls yaxksVh iguuh iM+sxhA eu rfud f>>dk] iqu% dgk] ^vjs ixys] jkenkl Hkh rks yaxksVh gh iguk djrs Fks u! lHkh
tkurs gSa] rqEgkjs bu diM+ksa ds Hkhrj D;k gSA fQj fdlls fNik jgs gks \* blh fodkj dks feYVu us Honour dishonourable vkWuj
fMlvkWujscy dgk gSA ;wjksi esa ,slk ,d /keZiaFk Fkk] tks diM+s iguuk iki le>rk Fkk] D;ksafd vkne vkSj bZo nksuksa fuiki voLFkk esa
uXu gh jgrs FksA bl iaFk ds vuq;k;h Hkh oSls gh jgrs FksA mUgsa ^vWMekbV* dgk tkrk FkkA orZeku ;wjksi esa Hkh /kEkZn`fV ls u lgh]
kkL= n`fV ls dbZ LFkkuksa ij L=h&iq:kksa dh NksVh&NksVh cfLr;ka gSa] tks ,sls {ks= esa izLFkkfir fd, tkrs gSa fd ftuesa L=h&iq:kksa ds fy,
ek= lnhZ fuokj.kkFkZ oL= iguuk {kek gS] blds vfrfjDr fuR; uXukoLFkk esa jgdj lw;Z izdkk esa kjhj vuko`r j[kuk vfuok;Z gksrk
gSA D;ksafd diM+ksa dk vR;kf/kd eksg] kjhj dks lw;ZnkZu yxHkx vkej.k vkSj kk;n ejus ds Ikpkr~ Hkh ;wjksi esa gksus ugha nsrk] vr%
MkWDVjksa dh ;g jk; cu pqdh gS fd LokLF; dh n`fV ls ;g gkfudkjd gSA bl rjg ds fopkj efLrd esa eaMjk gh jgs Fks fd gkFkks a ls
QVkQV vius dIkM+s vkSj pM~Mh dSfn;ksa dks fn;k tkusokyk ?kqVuk mrkjdj fcydqy uaxk gksdj yWaxksVh igu yhA vU; jktuhfrd
cafn;ksa dh rjg izFker% yWaxksVh igurs le; yTtkok tks fgpfdpkgV gksrh gS] og ukVd ns[kus dks ugha feyus ds dkj.k mudh eqnzk ls
;g LiV gks x;k fd muds vuqlkj eSa cgr gh fuyZTt euq; gwaA tSls&tSls yaxksVh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
89
Ikgudj eSa izlUukrkiwoZd Luku djus x;kA eSa dVksjk nafMr dks nh gqbZ Fkkyh Hkj&Hkjdj ikuh ysus yxkA brus esa teknkj fpYyk;k]
^^,slk er djksA ;g dkykikuh gS] HkkbZ! igys [kM+s jgksA fQj eSa dgwaxk îkuh yksA* fQj ikuh ysuk] og Hkh ,d dVksjkA fQj eSa dgwaxk]
^vax eyksA gkFk ls kjhj jxM+ksaA* eSa dgwa] ^vkSj ikuh yks* fd iqu% nks dVksjs ikuh ysuk vkSj okil ykSVukA rhu dVksjksa&rhu Fkkfy;ksa&esa
Luku djuk gSA**
ml eqlyeku iBku teknkj dh vkKk lqurs gh eSa pkSad iM+kA eSa {ks=oklh gksus ds dkj.k ukfld&;acd ds ladYi vuqkklu ls Luku
djus dk vknh FkkA eu&gh&eu galrs gq, eSaus dgk] ^;g Hkh bl rjg dk ,d ladYi gh gSA og xksjs ikuh dk ldaYi Fkk] bls cl
dkysikuh dk ladYi dgk tk,A* ml nf<+;y nhf{kr us ;g ladYi&dFku izkjaHk fd;kA eSa Luku djus yxkA brus esa vka[ksa yi ls can gks
xbZA dqN Hkh ugha fn[k jgk Fkk vkSj cgqr rst tyu gksus yxh D;k gqvk\ ladYi esa dgha dqN Hkwy&pwd rks ugha gqbZ\ brus esa vatfy
Hkj xbZ vkSj ikuh eqag esa pyk x;k rks eq[k ^Fkw&Fkw* djrs gq, fonzksg ij rqy x;kA thHk ,dne [kkjh cu xbZA rc lkgl tqVkdj
teknkj ls iwNK] ^;g ikuh [kkjk dSls gqvk\** mlus dgk] ^^Hkyk leqanj dk ikuh dHkh ehBk gksrk gS\** rc /;ku vk;k fd ge leqnz
Luku dj jgs FksA ihus ds ikuh dh deh gksus ls vaneku esa Luku] diM+s /kksus vkfn ds fy, loZ= leqnz dk ikuh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
og Hkh fdlh dqaM esa lafprA
lkjk ru fpifpik gks x;kA cky dM+s&:[ksa&dBksj gks x, FksA dkk] Luku ds ipM+s esa u gh iM+rkA ijarq iqu% lkspk] vc bldh vknr
Mkyuh gh iM+sxhA yanu] isfjl ds ^VfdZk ckFk* dk vkuan fy;k gS] vc ^vanekfuk ckFkksa* dk vkuan ysuk pkfg,! jkVh; ikiksa dk
{kkyu mke lkcqu rFkk lqxaf/kr rsy ey&eydj xje ikuh ds Qookjksa dh lq[kn Qqgkjksa Hkjs Lukuksa rFkk laLd`r ladYiksa }kjk ugha A ^yks
ikuh*& bu ddZk kCnksa ds dBksj ladYi }kjk rhu dVksjs [kkjs ikuh ds Luku ls gh gksxkA
diM+s igudj vkxs c<+k rks ml f=ry rhu ryh; bekjr ds nkZu gq,A bldh Hkhrsa bZVksa rFkk iRFkjksa ls iDdh cukbZ gqbZ Fkh]
yach&yach ,d gh apkbZ dh lyk[kksa ls mlesa fofHkUu [kkus cuk, gq, Fks] vkx ds Hk; ls mls dgha Hkh ydM+h dk LikZ ugha gksus fn;k
Fkk vkSj mlesa ,d tSlh] lizek.k jpuk ns[kdj eu bruk gkZ&foHkksj gks x;k tSls eSa dksbZ lqxfBr gosyh ns[k jgk gwaA ;gh lkr ua cj
pkyh gS] blh ds r`rh; ry ij eq>s jguk gSA okg! mke gok feysxh vkSj Hkjiwj izdkk! ,slk viuk ?kj gksrk rks eSa fdruk Jhear
gksrk vkSj dnkfpr~ pkj&pkj eghus bl foLr`r Hkou esa vkSj bl gjs&Hkjs vkaxu esa lq[k ls jg tkrkA cl] bld canhkkyk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
90
gksus dh Hkkouk dks R;kx nks rks bl gosyh esa Hkh jguk mruk nqLlg ughaA fuokl ds laca/k esa osnkafr;ksa dk ;g tks dFku gS fd ee vkSj
uee esa gh lq[k&nq%[k ds chp fufgr gSa] mudk ;g dguk O;FkZ ugha gSA Bhd gS] ;FkklaHko ;gh izo`fk j[kh tk,A bruk lqanj ?kj vkSj
og Hkh fcuk HkkM+s ds fey tk, rks mls canhkkyk dgdj mlls O;FkZ Hk;Hkhr D;kas gksuk\ dqN fnu b/kj gh izlUurkiwoZd D;ksa u jgk
tk,\
ijarq dqN fnu vFkkZr~ fdrus fnu\ vkkadk us izu mBk;k vkSj eSaus [kqlqj&Qqlqj dh] ^;gha ij rks Hksn gSA* vaneku ds fu;kekuqlkj Ng
eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ cafn;ksa dks dkjkx`g ls ckgj NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA vU; yksxksa dh vis{kk eq>ij ks/k dqN vf/kd gS] rks
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ,d okZ vanj j[ksaxsA flikfg;ksa us crk;k Fkk fd rhu okkZsa ds ij fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks vkt rd flYoj tsy esa ,d
lkFk yxkrkj djuk ladV ds le; esjk vfr mi;qDr fu;e jgk Fkk] ftldk vuqlj.k djds eSaus lkspk] ^bldk vfHkizk; ;g fd
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap okZ rd eq>s dksBjh esa can j[kk tk,xkA cl Bhd gS! Bl canhx`g dks] tks cqjk ugha gS] viuh gosyh le>dj
ikap okZ ;gha ij Msjk Mkyasxs] dkO;&jpuk djsax]s ljdkjh vkKk ls ugha vfirq LosPN;k fup; ls ;g fu;e cuk ysaxsA*
blh ekufld f[kykSus ls [ksyrs&[ksyrs eSa r`rh; ry ij igaqp ml dksBjh ds }kj ds ikl [kM+k gh jg x;k FkkA bl dkj.kok fd eSa
m/kj vk jgk gwa] og iwjh bekjr ftlesa yxHkx Ms<+ lkS yksxk jgrs Fks] [kkyh dh xbZ FkhA dsoy n`fV ls mke ijarq cafn;ksa dh n`f V ls
pqxy[kksj] ikih] dqdehZ rhu ,sls okWMZjksa dks ogka j[kk x;k FkkA os rhuksa cywph rFkk iBku eqlyeku FksA jktuhfrd cafn;ksa ij vkSj
mlesa Hkh fokskdj eq>ij izk;% iBku] cywph eqlyekuksa ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh dks Hkh igjsnkjh dk dke ugha lkSaik tkrkA ftldks ;g
dke lkSaik tkrk mls blesa viuk cM+k xkSjo yxrk] D;kasfd os bl ckr ij brjk ldrs Fks fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dk mu ij fdruk n`<+
fookl gSA muds ek/;e ls vf/kdkjh gekjs xqIr Hksn tku ldrs FksA lkFk gh os vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lHkh rjg ds vU;k;iw.kZ ,oa u`kalrkiw. kZ
dke djus ds vH;Lr FksA vr% bu cywph vkSj iBku eqlyekuksa dks vf/kdkjh Hkh vf/kd <hy nsrs FksA mudk vfu;fer gh ugha
vuhfreku vkpj.k Hkh {kE; ekudj bl rjg dh uhfr viukrs fd vU; lHkh ij vkSj fokskr% fganqvksa ij mudk ncnck jgsA ge lc
jktcafn;ksa ds fganw gksus ds dkj.k vkSj ml canhx`g esa gekjs vkxeu ds dkj.k fganqvksa ij tSls ladVksa dk igkM+ gh VwV iM+k FkkA ge
fganw nafMrksa ij fganw teknkj j[kk tk,
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
91
rks mlds gels lgkuqHkfriw.kZ O;ogkj djus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrhA gekjs jktcanh gksus ls gekjh okLrfod xfrfof/k;ksa dks fry dk
rkM+ cukdj vkSj tks ugha Hkh gSa] mUgsa ued&fepZ yxkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa rd igqapkuk rFkk ;FkklaHko gels wjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djuk fganqvksa
ds fy, bruk ljy ugha Fkk ftruk fd eqlyekuksa ds fy,A vr% fganqvksa ds fy, inksUufr vkSj osru&o`f} dfBu gksus yxkA
nwljh ckr ;g gS fd iBkuksa dks bu nqVkiw.kZ dk;ksaZ ds fy, flj ik p<+kuk] vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gks tkus ds dkj.k bu dqdehZ
eqlyekuksa dk] ftUgsa /kekZa/krk us ckY;dky ls ;g ?kqV~Vh fiykbZ Fkh fd fganqvksa dks vR;f/kd dV nsus ls ^loZikia fou;fr*] fganqvksa ds
fo:} feF;k pqxfy;ka] mykguksa dks [kM+k djds mUgsa vf/kdkf/kd ihM+k nsuk laHko gks x;k Fkk] D;kasfd lHkh dk vuqHkofl} fookl
Fkk&ckjh ckck eqlyekuksa ds fo:} ,d kCn Hkh ugha lqusxkA bl izdkj fganw cafn;kssa dks vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Lfkku feyuk vlaHko gks x;kA tks
fganw nafMr vf/kdkjh Fks] mu ij feF;k nkskkjksi.k dj iBku cafn;ksa us mUgsa fudky fn;k vkSj iBku cafn;ksa dh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds inksa ij
ubZ Hkjrh gksrh jghA iBku vf/kdkjh fuR; iBkuksa dk i{k ysrsA mudh ;gh ,drk lRdekZsa eas ,d vknkZ fl} gksrhA muds bl esy ds
dkj.k iBku eqlyekuksa] fla/kh eqlyekuksa] cywph eqlyekuksa ds xqVksa ds canh vf/kdkjh viuh&viuh tkfr;ksa ds cafn;ksa dks ;FkklaHko
fganqvksa dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ;a=.kk nsus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus yxsA vr% ge fganw jktcafn;ksa ds ml dkjkx`g esa izosk djrs gh dsoy
ogha ij ugha vfirq laiw.kZ vaneku esa fganw nafMrksa rFkk nafMr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh nqnZkk dk dksbZ fBdkuk ugha jgkA bldk o`kkar /khjs&/khjs
vkxs vkrk gh jgsxk fd blds ifj.kke fdrus nwj&nwj rd igqaprs x, FksA og o`kkar Bhd&Bhd le> esa vk,] blfy, ;gha ij blds
ewy dkj.k dk FkksM+k lk foysk.k fd;k gSA bu eqlyekuksa esa iBku] fla/kh] cywph tSls O;fDrxr vioknksa dks NksM+dj izk;% vf/kdrj
eqlyeku vR;f/kd wj] u`kal rFkk fganw&}sk ls yckyc gq, gksrs A muls cgqr uhps iatkch eqlyeku rFkk vU; caxyk] ejkBh] rfey
vkfn eqlyeku canhoku O;fDrxr vioknksa dks NksM+dj izk;% u rks brus nqV Fks vkSj u gh fganw&}sk ls Hkjs gq,A rFkkfi mudh bl
lTturk dks nqxqZ.k ?kksfkr dj mi;qZDr wj eqlyeku fuR; fu;e ls mu ij O;aX; djrs vkSj ^;g rks vk/kk dkfQj gh gS* dgdj
mudk migkl mM+krs] ifj.kkeLo:i ;s iatkcsrj eqlyeku Hkh /khjs&/khjs iBkuksa dk vuqdj.k djus yxrsA rFkkfi os r=LFk ljdkj ds
fooklik= ugha FksA vf/kdkfj;ksa dk :>ku O;qRe ls mudh vksj gh vkdfkZr gksrk tks vf/kd wj gksrs A
,rnFkZ eq> ij rks eqlyekuksa esa gh ugha] iBkuksa esa Hkh tks vR;ar cskeZ okWMZj]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
92
teknkj vFkok îsVh vQlj* vFkkZr~ og canhoku vf/kdkjh] ftls cafn;ksa ls rjDdh feyh gks] fu;qDr fd;k tkrkA ,sls gh mu rhuksa
okWMZjksa ds gkFk eq>s lkSaidj dksBjh esa can dj] rkyk yxkdj og teknkj pyk x;kA
nwljs fnu izkr%dky yxHkx vkB cts os iBku okWMZj tYnh&tYnh esjh dksBjh ds lkeus vkdj cksys]^^lkgc vkrk gS] [kM+s jgksA** eSa }kj
ds fudV vk x;kA }kj vFkkZr~ dksBjh dh lyk[kksa dk fuR; can jgusokyk }kjA ckjh lkgc vius lkFk vkSj dqN xksjs yksx ysdj vk,
FksA ml dkjkx`g esa esjk vkxeu gksus ls ckjh lkgc dks ,d u;k ego izkIr gks x;k FkkA r=LFk ;wjksfi;u L=h&iq:kksa dh eq>s ns[ kus
rFkk ;FkklaHko esjs lkFk FkksM+k laHkkk.k djus dh bPNk gksrh FkhA vr% mUgsa ckjh lkgc dh vkjrh mrkjus ds vfrfjDr vU; dksb Z mik;
gh ugha jgrkA dkQh vuqu;&fou; djus ds Ikpkr~ vR;ar lko/kkuh ds lkFk] xqipqi ckjh lkgc mUgsa canhx`g esa ys vkrs vkSj eq>ls
HksaV djokdj vFkok nwj ls eq>s fn[kkdj bl rjg xaHkhj eqnzk cukrs fd rqe yksxksa ij igkM+ tSlk fokky midkj fd;k] vc eSA bl
foospuk esa xdZ gwa fd blds vkxs bls dSls ikj d:aA ^That will do! That will do!* dgrs gq, os vfrfFk;ksa dks ysdj >V ls okil
pys tkrsA eq>s ,sls dbZ xksjs lktsZaV rFkk efgykvksa ds mnkgj.k Kkr gSa tks ;g Lo.kZ volj ikus ds fy, ianzg&ianzg fnu ckjh lkgc dh
dksBh ij mudh vuqu;&fou; djrs jgs FksA
^^ljdkj!** okWMZj ds fpYykrs gh eSa ogka ds fu;ekuqlkj lh/kk [kM+k jgkA dksBjh dh lyk[kksa ds NksVs }kj esa ls ckjh lkgc ds fn[kus ds
igys gh mudh fudyh gqbZ rksan fn[kkbZ nsus yxrhA D;ksafd mudh og rksan] tks muds laiw. kZ kjhj dks iNkM+rh gqbZ vkSj laiw.kZ foo dks
rqPNrkiwoZd pqukSfr nsrh gqbZ fn[krh Fkh] ml xqCckjs dh rjg xksy&eVksy] tks Ldwyksa esa i`Foh dk vkdkj fn[kkus ds fy, j[kk tkrk gS] nks
dne vuds vkxs Hkkxrh vkSj mudh bl rksan ij e/; rd p<+k, gq, iktkes ij og peM+s dk iV~Vk Hke/; js[kk dh rjg kksHkk nsrkA
lu~ 1857 ds fonzksg dh ppkZ

ckjh lkgc us izkjaHk fd;k] ^^yksxksa us vkidks crk;k gh gksxk fd eSa vkidk canhiky Jailer gwa** eSaus dsoy lfLer ns[kkA ^îjarq eSa
vkils dgrk gwa fd eSa vkidk ,d fe= gwaA** lkFk esa vk, gq, vfrfFk ekSu Fks] D;kasfd ckjh lkgc izR;{k cksyus dk vf/kdkj vius
foksk peps dks gh nsrk] vU; yksxksa dks ughaA** eq>s vki tSls fkf{kr] i<s+&fy[ks euq; ls laHkkk.k djuk cM+k vPNk yxrk gSA vr% eSa
bl rjg dHkh&dHkh ;aw gh [kqydj okkkZyki djus vk tkrk gwaA vkius lu~ 1857 ds ml
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
93
nqVrkiw.kZ fonzksg dk bfrgkl fy[kk gS u~** 27 os tc cksy jgs Fks eSa dsoy lfLer eqnzk esa ns[k jgk FkkA eSaus Hkkai fy;k fd egkk;
Vvksyus i/kkjs gq, gSa vkSj ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd esjh lkekU; izo`fk dks ns[kuk gh mudk mn~ns; gSA eSa Hkh lksp jgk Fkk* pyks] mudh
ckr lquus esa le; dk Hkkj rks rfud gydk gksxk] tks bl dky dksBjh esa Hkkjh gks x;k gSA eSaus dgk] ^^;g lp gS fd ml fok; ij
eSaus <sj lkjh iqLrdsa i<+h gSaA** mUgkasus dgk]^^ rks fQj ,sls nqV yksxksa ls vkidks f?ku ugha vkrh\ D;k Fkh mudh iSkkfpd wjrkA esjs
firk Lo;a ml fonzksg esa Qal x, FksA os gesa crk;k djrs] ^ml v/ke ukuk lkgc us dkuiqj esa Lo;a lH; vaxszt efgykvksa ij HkksaMs
vR;kpkj djds muds eqag esa a a a a!* ,sls ujjk{kl Fks os!** eSaus iwNk]** D;k vkids firkth us viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kk\ mUgksaus >V ls dgk]
^^,d duZy us crk;k] ftlus y[ku esa ;g d`R; izR;{k ns[kk FkkA** eSaus dgk] ^^rks fQj ;g vo; feF;k gksuk pkfg,A D;kasfd tc
vaxszt efgykvksa rFkk iq:kksa dks canhx`g esa Mkyk x;k rc ukuk dkuiqj esa Fks] u fd y[ku esaA** esjh ckr vulquh djrs gq, ckjh
lkgc us dgk]^^,sls lSdM+ksa mnkgj.k gSaA** eSaus dgk] ^^gksaxs! tSlh;g eux<+ar] lquh&lukbZ nardFkk gS oSlh gh os Hkh gksaxhA**
vc vfrfFk;ksa esa ls ,d us] tks lTtu fn[k jgs Fks] dgk]^îjarq dqy feykdj ukuk lkgc] rkR;k Vksis vkfn LokFkhZ fonzksfg;ksa ls vkidks
?k`.kk ugha gksrh D;k\** eSaus muls dgk]^^;fn vki bl fok; ij dkjkx`g esa ppkZ djuk mfpr le>rs gSa rks eSa djrk gwaA ijarq ;gka eSa
,d nafMr gwa vkSj ;s canhikyA ;fn ppkZ gh djuh gS rks ml le; rd cjkcjh dk laca/k vkidks Lohdkj djuk gksxkA vU;Fkk vkidks
;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd canhoku le>dj esjs eqag ij rkyk Bksaddj esjs jkV ds bfrgkl ls lacaf/kr ,di{kh; rFkk viekutud
mYys[k djuk fuanuh; rFkk dk;jrkiw.kZ d`R; gSA** ckjh lkgc us dgk]^^ ugha&ugha] eSa vkils igys Hkh dg pqdk gwa fd eSa ;gka ,d
fgrSkh ds ukrs [kM+k gwaA vki tks pkgs ppkZ dhft,A** ^^rks fQj**] eSaus mkj fn;k] ^êSa [kqydj viuh jk; izLrqr djrk gwaA eSa tkurk
gwa] esjs fopkj vkidks iz{kksHkd] rh[ks] mxz izrhr gksaxs vkSj gks ldrk gS] bl ppkZ dk mn~ns; Hkh ;gh vktekuk gks fd os oSls gSa ;k
ughaA ijarq eq>s mUgsa fNikus dh dHkh vko;drk izrhr ugha gqbZA ;s ,sfrgkfld izu gSaA vkSj ;fn buds dkj.k eq>s dV] vR;kpkj
lgus iM+sa rks Hkh muds Hk; ls EkSa vius jkV ds bfrgkl dk vkSj izeq[k Hkwfedkvksa dk vieku
27
lu~ 1857 dk Lokra;&lej* ohj lkojdj fyf[kr iqLrd ml le; xqIr :i ls NiokbZ xbZ FkhA rc mlij ikcanh yxh Fkh] mls
vc gVk;k x;k gSA vusd Hkkkkvksa esa mlds vuqokn Hkh izdkfkr gks pqds gSaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
94
Pkqipki lwuuk Hkh:rk] dkiq:krk le>rk gwaA vkius ukuk lkgc laca/kh tks nardFkk lqukbZ] mldh lR;klR;rk dk fu.kZ; djus ds fy,
vaxsztksa us ,d ljdkjh dehku fu;qDr fd;k FkkA mlus ;g fu.kZ; fn;k fd vaxszt efgykvksa ij fd, x, uSfrd vR;kpkjksa ds o.kZu
feF;k rFkk vfrjaftr FksA og vaxszth Nkouh ds xksjs lksYtjksa ds dqfRlr efLrd dh mit gSA**
dkSu ugha gksrk LokFkhZ

^^vkius ukuk lkgc vkSj rkR;k Vksis dks LokFkhZ dgk\** gka^^**] ml vfrfFk us dgk] ^^D;kasfd ukuk lkgc jktk cuuk pkgrs Fks vkSj
rkR;k dks egkurk pkfg, FkhA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkidh ;g ckr Bhd gS] vkSj ;g Hkh fcydqy lR; gS fd foDVj bE;kuq,y dks bVyh dk
jktk cuuk Fkk] okfkaxVu jkVifr cuuk pkgrs Fks vkSj xSjhckYMh dks Hkh egkurk dh vko;drk Fkh! okLro esa os viuh tkrh;
Lora=rk ds fy, yM+s vkSj ;s viuhA** ^^rks fQj vkius Hkh fonzksg dk >aMk rks ugha ygjk;k\** ckjh us iwNkA eSaus mkj fn;k]^^;g izu
loZFkk Lora= gSA ;g dguk fd lu~ 1857 dk Lora=rk laxzke fNM+ x;k blfy, vkt Hkh og fNM+uk pkfg,&esjs fopkj ls nksuksa gh
ew[kZrk ds y{k.k gSaA** eSaus ns[kk] mu vfrfFk;ksa us lu~ 1857 ds jkVh; bfrgkl ij fyf[kr ,d&nks iqLrdsa i<+h gSaA mUgksaus chp esa gh
dgk] ^^rks fQj vki ;g izfrikfnr rks ugha djuk pkgrs fd ;g loZFkk xyr vkSj xi gS fd fonzksfg;ksa us vaxszt efgykvksa dk dRy
fd;kA** eSaus dgk] ^^,slk dkSu dgrk gS\ og ckr lR; gS] vkSj d:.kktud HkhA ijarq egoiw.kZ izu ;g gS fd mldk dkj.k D;k gS \
mu efgykvksa ds lkFk izFker% oSlk gh O;ogkj fd;k x;k tSlk ;q}cafn;ksa ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS&;g muesa ls ksk efgykvksa rFkk vU;
yksxksa ds lk{; ls LiV gSA ml dehku ds lkeus tks lk{; j[ks x,] mUgsa eSaus izdkfkr fd;k gSA ijarq tc vaxzst lsuk dkuiqj ij
vf/kdkj djus vkxs c<+h rks bykgkckn ds vkl&ikl ds xkaoksa esa vkx yxkdj yksxksa dks thfor tykus yxh vkSj ml vfXudkaM esa
jkVh; fonzksg esa tku gFksyh ij ysdj yM+usokys lSdM+ksa nskHkDrksa ds choh&cPpksa dh [kqysvke gksyh tyk nh xbZA rc bu okkkZvksa ls
dkuiqj ds kafrdkfj;ksa dh lsuk esa Hk;adj {kksHk mRiUu gqvkA brus esa tks vaxzst efgyk,a ;q}cafn;ksa ds :i esa dkjkx`g esa Fkh] muds
vke.kdkjh vaxszt lsuk dks Hksts x, xqIr i= vkSj muds kafrdkjh lsuk dks Hksts lekpkj igqapkusokys lanskokgd idM+s tkus ls
fp<+dj mu efgykvksa dh gR;k dh xbZA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
95
nksuksa gh leku Fks

^^bl u`kal deZ dks mruk gh nksk nsuk pkfg, ftruk vaxszth lsuk ds vR;kpkjksa dksA D;k mUgsa nkskh ugha Bgjkuk pkfg,] ftudh og
vkafkd rFkk vYi ek=k esa izfrf;k Fkh\ D;k vki ;g le>rs gSa fd vk;jySaM esa MkWpsMk ds dRy ls kWeosy dks ujikq Bgjkrs gq,
baXySaM dks yfTtr gksuk pkfg, Fkk\ Hk;adj vkSj jkVh; kkafr ds izlax esa bl rjg ds Hk;adj d`R; ?kVrs gSa ;g fdruh gh m}sxtud
ckr D;ksa u gks] rFkkfi mlls ml kafr ds ewyHkwr mn~ns; dk fojks/k djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA ukuk dh vkKk ds fcuk mudh lsuk
ds kafUrdkjh lSfudksa ds vknkZ dk fkdkj cuh izR;sd vaxszt efgyk ds o/k ds iwoZ gh dsoy fonzksfg;ksa dh ukd esa lqryh fijks us ds fy,
Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh nl&nl fL=;ka vaxzsth&lsuk ds vfXudkaM dk fkdkj cu xbZA ml vaxzst lsukuh ds baXySaM esa iqrys [kM+s fd, x,A
uhy viuh nSfudh esa dgrh gS] ^^vaxzst jkV ds dY;k.kkFkZ bl funZ;rk dk voyacu djuk esjk drZO; FkkA* lu~ 1857 ds kafrdkfj;ks a
dks Hkh D;k ogh leFkZu mi;qDr ugha gksxk\ ;fn nkskh gSa rks ge nksuksa] de&vf/kd ek=k esa nkskh gSa] ugha rks dksbZ Hkh ughaA** vfrfFk
egksn; us dgk]^êsjk fookl gS fd og fonzksg jktuhfrd Lok/khurk ds fy, gh Fkk vkSj tks vusd vyhy vQokgsa mu flikfg;ksa ds
laca/k esa Qsyh gqbZ gSa os Hkh cgqrkak esa fujk/kkj gSa] csflj&iSj dh gSaA ijarq vkt mlls D;k ikB fy;k tk,\**
^^;g esjh leL;k ugha gSA dsoy ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk Fkh] blfy, eSaus vruh ppkZ dhA izLrqr laca/k esa eSaus igys tks dqN dgk mlds
vfrfjDr vkt bl ij eq>s dqN Hkh dguk laHko ugha gSA**
^^Bhd gSA vkt u lgh] fQj dHkh ppkZ djsaxAs ** bl rjg lgtrkiwoZd cksyus ds lkFk esjs LokLF; ds laca/k esa lgkuqHkwfr iwNrkN djds
ckjh lkgc pys x,A
vuqVqi~ Nan
vxys nks fnu eq>s dqN Hkh ugha fn;k x;kA eq>ls dgk x;k] eghuk&nks eghuk esjk O;ogkj ns[kdj eq>s iqLrd nh tk,xhA dkxt dk
VqdM+k feyuk rks loZFkk vlaHko Fkk] ckr djus ds fy, fpfM+;k rd ugha FkhA rc bl dkydksBjh esa fnu dkVus dk mke lk/ku eSaus
fufpr fd;k] mu dforkvksa dh jpuk djuk tks ihNs vkjaHk dh FkhA chp ds dky[kaM esa leqnz ;k=k dh gM+cM+kgV esa og dke Bii
gks x;k Fkk] D;kasfd ogka ckr djus rFkk i<+us ds fy, fey tkus ds dkj.k yksxksa esa fopkjksa dk izlkj.k djus dk nwljk dk;Z laHko gks
ldk FkkA dfork&jpuk djus dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
96
fup; djrs gh eu es lkspk] ejkBh esa vuqVqi~ Nan dk izpkj yqIrizk; gh gks x;k gSA ;g bhd ughaA bl e/kqj ifjfpr vkSj dkO;
fo/kk ds fy, vuqdwy vuqVqi~ dh] ftlesa jkek;.k&egkHkkjr tSls egkdkO; dk xku fd;k tkrk gS] xhrk ljh[kk nkZu Hkh ftlesa vPNh
rjg O;Dr gks ldrk gS] mis{kk djuk gkfudkjd] funZ;rk rFkk ejkBh Hkkkk ds fy, ykaNukLin gSA eksjks iar ds vuqVqi~ gSa vkSj dq N
leFkZ jkenkl ds] ckdh mls vuqVqi~ Nan dks dksbZ iwNrk rd ughaA vr% mlh esa ,d eatqy] yfyr] NksVh lh dkO;&jpuk D;ksa u dh
tk,A rc Lej.k djus yxk] bl o`k ds fu;e D;k gSaA dqN Lej.k gh ugha vk jgk FkkA lkFk esa o`k niZ.k Hkh ugha FkkA vU; vuqVqi~
;FkklaHko Lej.k djrs] mUgsa cksydj vkSj muesa fu;e <wa<d
+ j mudk eaFku djrk jgkA lkjk fnu blh ekFkkiPph esa chr x;kA ek=kvksa
dh fxurh djsa rks fdlh esa vBkjg] fdlh esa chl rks fdlh esa iPphlA fdlh dk fdlh ls rkyesy ughaA vPNk] x.ko`k dgk tk, rks
x.k Hkh dgka esy [kk jgs gSa\ ; x.k ns[kk] Hk x.k ns[kk&x.kksa esa rks mldh x.kuk gh ughaA brus esa >V ls cpiu esa jVk&jVkdj ,d
pj.k Lej.k gqvk ftlus gkgkdkj epk fn;kA ^vuqVqi~ Nan og ftldk dksbZ fu;e gh ughaA vuqVqi~ Nan rs T;kyk ,d use uls
x.khaA* ^fu;e gh ugha*&,sls kkL= opu ls izHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k ek= Jqfr lq[k ij gh fuHkZj jgdj eSaus vuqVqi~ jpuk dk likVk
yxk;kA
rhu&pkj fnuksa ds gekjs bl cykRdkj ls {kqC/k gksdj gh ekuks o`kniZ.kkarxZr bl rhljs pj.k us ks/k ls rko [kkdj Lo;a dks izdV
fd;k] tSls izkphu dky esa fukknkfo}kaM nkZu ls iz{kqC/k gksdj vkfndfo ds kksd us yksd :i /kkj.k djds ml izFke vuqVqi~ dk
mPpkj.k fd;k FkkA gekjs Le`r x.k esa mPpkj.k gqvk* v{kjs pj.kh vkB* rks fQj vuqVqi~ dks ^,d x.k fu;e ugha* in izFke nsrs gq,
fQj fu;e dk in xzg.k dj o`kniZ.kdkjksa us dSlk pdek fn;kA vkB v{kjksa ds fu;e dk Lej.k gksrs gh lkjh xazfFk;ka Bhd&Bhd cSB
xbZA ijarq vius jps gq, v vuqVqi~ dh vksj n`fV Mkyh tk, rks ets&gh&etsA fdlh ds pj.k esa vkB v{kj rks fdlh ds nl rks fdlh
ds chlA fdlh dk fdlh ls esy ughaA vFkkZr~ bu lkjs vuqVqi~ dh f}rh; vkofk djus ij Hkh ;g lekIr ugha gqvk] D;kasfd dsoy
vkB v{kj fxu ysus ij Hkh dHkh&dHkh og vuqVqi~ dh pky ls fdlh Hkh rjg ls ugha py jgk Fkk vkSj /kIi ls cSB tkrk FkkA igys
Jqfr lq[k ls pdek fn;k rks vc kkL=&fu;eks us mnkgj.kkFkZ ^lfyykr~ unhP;k R;k izfrfcfcar th i|s* unh ds ftl ikuh esa os i|
izfrfcfcar gks jgs Fks&bl pj.k esa vkB&vkB v{kj gksus ls Hkh os var esa vuqVqi~ dh pky ls pyus esa LiV fojks/k djrs gSaA rc dqN
vkSj fnuksa ds Ikpkr~
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
97
mikaR;
rhljk
fu.kZ;
rkjh[k
fuokZg
Lo tSls ,d&nks lw{e fu;e tks o`kniZ.k esa ugha fn, x, Fks] Lo;a gh <wa<+ fudkyus iM+s A rc fojfpr vuqVqi~ dks f?kl&f?kldj
laLdj.k fudkyuk iM+kA ;g lkjk xksj[k/ak/kk lk/kukHkko ds dkj.k djuk iM+kA o`kkkL= dh ,d Hkh iqLrd feyrh rks ,d ?kaVs esa
gks tkrkA dkjkx`g esa eSa tks lkfgR;&l`tu dj ldk] mlds fy, lk/ku&lkexzh dk vHkko gksus ds dkj.k dkQh =kl gqvk&,d
ds fy,] ,d kCn ds fy, vkB&vkB fnu vVduk iM+rkA dYiuk yk[k vPNh gksus ij Hkh mls R;kxuk iM+rkA okksZa rd mlh ij
djuk iM+rk tks Le`fr esa FkkA
ijarq vkf[kj vuqVqi~ lQy gks x;k vkSj bl o`k esa gh dkjkokl dh ml lkr uacj dh ,dkar dksBjh esa ^deyk*28 dk vj>; dey
f[kyus yxkA
dkjkx`g dh izFke xqIr fpV~Bh

vkt eq>s bl dksBjh esa can gq, pkj&ikap fnu chr x, gksaxsA vHkh rd ml iwjs foHkkx esa esjs vfrfjDr ,d Hkh canh ugha NksMk+ x;k
Fkk] rkfd eq>s dksbZ Hkh lekpkj u fey ldsA Luku ds fy, Hkh lkeusokyh dksBjh] tks bekjr dk vkus&tkus dk jkLrk Fkk] dh vksj gh
ikuh feyrkA eSa r`rh; ry dh pkyh esa jgrk FkkA Hkhr esa ,d gh uki dh lyk[ksa Bqdh gqbZ] og jkLrk vkSj mlds ihNs dksBfj;ksa dh
iafDr& bu pkyksa dk ,slk gh Lo:i FkkA Hkkstu ls fuiVdj FkksMk+ le; gks x;k FkkA nksigj ds le; dksBjh esa cSK Fkk fd uhps ls ,d
NksVk lk iRFkj lyk[kksa ls Vdjk;k vkSj uhps fxj x;kA iqu% uhps ls fdlh us Bhd rjg ls QsadkA og lyk[kksa ls fudydj esjh dksBjh
ds }kj ij vk fxjkA eSa [kM+k gh FkkA lkeus ns[kk rks ,d okWMZj og iRFkj mBkus ds fy, ladsr djds pyk x;kA eSaus og iRFkj mBk;k
rks mlesa ca/ks dkxt ij fy[kh fpV~Bh feyhA eSa mls [kksydj i<+us gh yxk Fkk] brus esa uhps kksjxqy lqukbZ fn;kA eSa pkSad mBk vkSj
njokts ds fudV vkdj ns[kk rks uhps vkaxu esa isVh vQlj dks og okWMZj] tks esjs igjs ij jgrk Fkk] tksj&tksj ls vkokt nsdj cqyk
jgk FkkA eSaus mlh le; rkM+ fy;k fd bl iBku okWMZj us] tks igjs ij Fkk] ml okWMZj dks fpV~Bh Qasdrs gq, ns[kk gksxk vkSj mls
idM+us ds fy, vFkok esjh dksBjh [kksydj rykkh ysus ds fy, ;g isVh vQlj dks cqyk jgk gSA brus esa og ;enwr esjh dksBjh ds
lkeus [kM+k gks x;kA ijarq og fpV~Bh QkM+ Mkyus ds fy, esjk eu ugha dj jgk Fkk] D;kasfd brus lkgl ds lkFk ftlus ;g fpV~Bh eq>s
igqapkbZ og blfy, fd mlesa
28
bl ^deyk* dkO; d svc vusd laLdj.k fudy pqds gSaA lkojdj lexz okM~e;] [kaM&7 esa ;g ^deyk* dkO; izfl} gks pqdk gS vkSj
mldk laLd`r vuqokn Hkh izfl} gks x;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
98
dqN egoiw.kZ lansk gksxkA ijarq mls dgha Hkh fNikuk vlaHko izrhr gks jgk FkkA feuVksa esa rkyk [kqysxkA fpV~Bh fey xbZ rks og okWMZj]
tks bl yk;k Fkk] os yksx ftUgksaus ;g Hksth Fkh vkSj ftuds bl fpV~Bh esa uke gSa& lHkh ladV esa iM+saxsA vr% dksBjh ds ,d dksus esa]
bl okWMZj ls cprs gq,] >V ls kjhj ds gh ,sls LFkku ij fpV~Bh fNikus ds vfrfjDr] tgka Nqikuh pkfg,] vU; dksbZ pkjk ugha jgkA
eSaus mls bl rjg fNik;k fd mlesa tks dqN xksiuh; ckr gksxh mls uqdlku u igqapsA brus esa isVh vQlj vk x;kA mlus
mn~naMrkiwoZd iwNk]^^fpV~Bh dgka gS\ dadM+ fdlus mBk;k\** eSaus dgk] ^êSa dqN ugha tkurkA** esjs igjs ij og iBku okWMZj] bl rjg
ds fufpr fopkj esa eXu Fkk fd brus l{r cankscLr esa dkSu vk ldrk gS Hkyk! brus esa ml iRFkj dh vkokt gksus ls og mBdj
ns[kus yxk rks mls og uhps [kM+k okWMZj eq>s dqN ladsr djrk gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;kA lansgok mlus gkad yxkbZA mlesa Hkh og okWMZj fganw
FkkA vr% mls idM+dj in ls gVkus ij vius ,d iBku dks okWMZj cukus dk volj feyrkA blhfy, mlus gaxkek [kM+k fd;kA esjh
pkyh ij fu;qDr og isVh vQlj Hkh eqlyeku gh Fkk] D;kasfd ljdkjh izfrKk ;g Fkh fd esjs ijl fdlh Hkh fganw dks QVdus ugha nsuk
gSA vkf[kj esjh dksBjh dk njoktk [kksydj ml isVh vQlj us esjs kjhj dh rykkh yhA pM~Mh] cfu;ku dh flykbZ Hkh VVksydj
ns[kh] ijarq fpV~Bh ugha feyhA ml fganw okWMZj dh Hkh rykkh yh xbZA mlds ikl Hkh dqN ugha feykA vFkkZr~ ;g izdj.k brus ij gh
lekIr gks x;kA
lko/kkuh dh lwpuk
mu lcds pys tkus ds ckn eSaus kjhj ls fpV~Bh fudkydj i<+ yhA mlesa dkjkx`g dh fLFkfr dk o.kZu Fkk] ftlls eq>s bl ckr dk
Kku gks lds fd fdlls dSls O;ogkj d:aA ml le; dkjkx`g esa caxky ds ekf.kd Vksys ds yksx] bykgkckn ds Lojkt i= ds rhu&pkj
laiknd] cl brus gh jktcanh FksA ftUgkasus eq>s ;g fpV~Bh fHktokbZ Fkh] os esjs iwoZ ifjfpr caxkyh fe=ksa esa ls ,d FksA mUgks aus bl rjg
lansk Hkstk Fkk fd jktcanh gksus ds dkj.k gh lkekU;r% fdlh ij fookl u djsaA caxkyh yksxksa esa idM+&/kdM+ gksus ds mijjkar dqN
yksx ljdkj esa xqIr okkkZvksa dk Hksn [kksy jgs gSaA vr% m/kj ge yksxksa esa nks i{k gks x, gSA&,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd veqd&veqd
O;fDr;ksa dk fQygky cl bruk gh dke fufpr gS fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izlUu djds dksYgw dh Hk;adj ;a=.kkvksa ls viuh tku cpk,aA
mlds fy, mUgksaus mu yksxksa ds uke crk fn, ftUgsa fiNys vkanksyu esa idM+k ugha x;k FkkA ijarq b/kj Hkh og vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr
djrk gS fd ge D;k ckrphr djrs gSa] D;k dj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
99
jgs gSaA vr% veqd O;fDr ij fookl er dhft,xkA

caxky ds kM~;a= ds yksxksa dh QwV ds laca/k esa i<+dj eq>s dksbZ foksk vk?kkr ugha igqapkA D;kasfd tc eSa tsy ls ckgj Fkk RkHkh eq>s Kkr
gks x;k Fkk fd muesa ls ize[q k O;fDr ds idM+s tkrs gh dqN yksxksa ds /khjt dk cka/k VwV x;k vkSj dydkk ds dkjkxkj esa gh ijLij
fookl?kkr djus dh tSls gksM+ yx xbZ FkhA dqN yksxksa dk ;|fi bl rjg v/k%iru gks pqdk Fkk] ijarq lHkh fookl?kkrh ugha Fks] u gh
lHkh dk /kS;Z Hkax gqvk FkkA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls mu yksxksa dk] ftudk bl rjg ds dV u lg ldus ds dkj.k v/k%iru gks x;k
Fkk] mudh Hkh fiNyh lsok] nskHkfDr vkSj LokFkZr;kx tSls ln~xq.kksa dk foLej.k djuk eq>s vU;k; izrhr gksrk FkkA ;gka ij ;g LiV
djuk vko;d gS fd bl dF; ds ;s vFkok vU; fopkj Hkkouk ds :i esa eSa ugha crkj jgk] eSa ;g dF; dFku dj jgk gwa fd ek%
ml izlaxkuq:i eq>s D;k izrhr gqvk vkSj eq>s D;k djuk iM+kA eSa rks dsoy bfrgkl dk gh o.kZu dj jgk gwaA eSaus bldh ppkZ rks
fcydqy ugha dh fd mlds laca/k esa eq>s D;k izrhr gqvk vkSj tks gqvk lks vPNk gqvk ;k cqjkA ;g ppkZ djus dk izLrqr Lfky ij gsrw
Hkh ugha gSA og izu loZFkk Lora= j[kdj ikBd bu Le`fr;ksa dks i<+ ysa& bl rjg lko/kkuh dh lwpuk iqu% ,d ckj nsuk eSa viuk
drZO; le>rk gwaA
xqIrpjksa dk dke
caxkyh jkT;&kafrdkfj;ksa esa ls dqN izeq[k O;fDr;ksa dks tc dV >syuk vLkaHko gks x;k rc mUgksaus lkspk] tSl&s tSls ladVksa dk csMk+ ikj
dj ysa vkSj bl vkRej{kkRed cqf} ds dkj.k vius lkfFk;ksa] vuq;kf;;ksa vkSj bruk gh ugha] esjs tSls dsoy dkjkokl esa gh izR;{k
ifjfpr gq, O;fDr;ksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk okkkZyki dh Hkh xqIr lwpuk vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dks nsrs le; mUgkasus vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[kkA ;g
ckr lR; gksus ij Hkh] mlds ckjs esa lksprs le; gesa ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd mUgsa mruh gh ?kksj ;a=uk,a] vogsyuk rFkk Hk;adj
kkjhfjd dV >syus iM+s] ftlls os bl euksnkk rd igqap x,A mu ij nkskkjksi.k djus dk vf/kdkj cl mUgha dks gS tks oSls gh vikj
kkjhfjd dkV rFkk ekufld ;a=.kk,a lgrs gq, Hkh fopfyr ugha gq, FksA laiw.kZ thou vkjkedqlhZ ij ysVdj fcrkusokys fdlh xkscjx.ksk
dks ;g vf/kdkj ugha feyrkA eq>s bl rF; dk Hkh /;ku jgrk fd kakfrdkfj;ksa ds izeq[kksa ds gkFkksa fookl?kkrh d`R; dsoy dqN
caxkfy;ksa vFkok fganqLFkkfu;ksa ds gh gkFkksa ugha gq,] vk;jySaM] :l] bVyh vkfn nskksa esa jkT;kafr rFkk /keZkafr ds Hkhk.k laxzkeksa esa rks
kkjhfjd vR;kpkjksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
100
ls fujkk] grcy cus bu Hkkjrh; mnkgj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd f?kukSus fookl?kkr ds mnkgj.k miyC/k gSaA vr% blls ix Mxexkuk vFkok
fdlh jkT; foksk ij ykaNu yxkuk fuiV ew[kZrk gksxhA
tks gS lks dg Mkyks

xqIr fpV~Bh dk vkys[k i<+dj eq>s dksbZ foksk /kDdk ugha igqapkA blds foijhr eq>s mu /kS;ZP;qr O;fDr;ksa ij n;k vkus yxhA
muesa ls ,d foksk mnkgj.k foLrkj ls nsuk mfpr gSA r=LFk kafrdkfj;ksa dks xhrk i<+krs le; os minsk nsrs&^nsg rks dqN Hkh ugha]
vkRek vej gSA ûSua fNUnfUr kL=kf.kA* vr% ;qod ej.kekj.k dh fpark ugha djrsA ijarq tc dkjkxkj dh ikkk.kh izkphj dk izR;{k
nkZu gqvk vkSj dksYgw tSls dBksj dke djrs&djrs&ftlls cSy Hkh :vkals gks tkrs& ,d fnu flj pdjkdj fxjuk iM+k] rc ekuks
izfrkks/k ds fy, gh nsg us vkRek dks iSjksa rys dqpydj muds eukscy dks pdukpqj dj MkykA fdlh HKh rjg mu dVksa ls cpuk
dfBu gks x;kA vPNk] ,d&nks fnu dk Hkh izu ugha Fkk] iwjs thou dk izku FkkA mu dVksa ls dHKh eqfDr ugha feyuh FkhA lds
fojhr gB ij vM+s jgsa rks blls Hkh vf/kd H;adj dV Hkqxrus iM+saxsA bl rjg fujkkk ds ?ku?kksj va/ksjs esa ne ?kqVus yx tk, vkSj
izk.k mM+us yx tk,a rks nsg izk.k ls xBca/ku djds fpYykus yxs fd dqN Hkh djks] ijarq esjh ckr ekuksA ijarq ekxZ \ foinkvksa dh ne?kksaVw
nhokjksa ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, ekxZ dgka ls feysxk\
cl ,d gh ladjh] xanyh] ne?kksaVw jkg! Dsoy ;g crk nsuk fd vius lkFkh dkSu&dkSu gSa \ ^tks gS lks dg Mkyks*&;s v{kj Nih gqbZ iV~Vh
bl jkg ij fuR; yVdrh fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA muds bl VwVs eukscy dh tkudkjh Hkh mUgha ds ,d fe= us vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ns nhA og fe=
Hkh oSlh gh voLFkk ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, bl jkg ij py iM+k FkkA dksbZ dgrk] ;g lekpkj ij BsB dydkk rd Hkstk x;k] fQj
mUgsa lCt ckx fn[kk, x,A Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk gksrk gSA fookl u gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus muds Hkqykos ij fookl fd;kA ,d fnu
og ukVd djus dh Bkudj ml }hi dk ,d eq[;kf/kdkjh dkjkx`g esa vk x;kA jktcanh dksYgw esa tqrs gh FksA ml vf/kdkjh ds lkeus
vkrs gh] can dksBjh ds NksVs }kj ds fudV vkdj os fpYyk,] ^^fuosnuA** og vf/kdkjh ks[kh c?kkjrs gq, ^ What do you want?*
dgrk gqvk FkksM+k ?kwedj }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgkA os lTtu ?kqVus Vsddj] gkFk tksM+dj* dqN Hkh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
101
djks] ijarq eq>s bu ujd&;krukvksa ls eqDr djks*&,slh d:.kktud izkFkZuk djus yxsA vf/kdkjh us mkj fn;k] ^^tks dguk gS] og
canhiky dks dgksA**
fookl?kkr
vf/kdkjh pyk x;kA iwoZ fu;ksftr dk;Ze ds vuqlkj canhiky us dkxt vkSj L;kgh fHktokbZ A ;s lTtu dydkk ds kM~;a= dh
tkudkjh fy[kdj nsus yxsA vkp;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd ml nqcZy euksnkk esa Hkh ml lTtu esa] tks ;g deZ djus ds fy, rRij gq,
Fks] bruh izkekf.kdrk ksk Fkh fd bl deZ dks cqjk le>k tk,A mUgkasus vius fe= dks ,d i= Hkstk&^;s dV eq>ls ugha lgs tkrsA mUgsa
Vkyus dk ekxZ gS vkRegR;kA eSaus mldk voyacu djus dk iz;kl fd;k] ijarq eq>esa bruk lkgl ugha FkkA vr% ,d rks ;g fd vki
eq>s tku ls ekj Mkysa] tSls iwoZ esa vU; fookl?kkfr;ksa dks ekjk FkkA eSa vkidks nkskh ugha BgjkaxkA ;k eq>s fookl?kkr djds
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko tkudkjh nsdj muds lkeus fxM+fxM+kdj bl vlguh; kkjhfjd ;a=.kk ls eqfDr ikuk vfuok;Z gSA vius eu
ij esjk cl ugha gSA ;g foy{k.k xqIr fpVBh ,lus vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks Hksth vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko lHkh tkudkjh dk dkxt
Hkjdj mlesa cgqr lkjs uke Hkjdj fy[k fn,A
rhljs fnu mUgsa dksYgw ds dke ij ls gVk;k x;k vkSj jLlh cVus dk dke] tks dksYgw dh rqyuk esa vklku Fkk] lkSaik x;kA ijarq
dksBjhcanh ls eqfDr ugha feyh] u gh mUgsa dkjkxkj ls ckgj NksMk+ x;kA
bl Hkys vkneh esa bruk vkdyu djus rFkk ekuus yk;d izkekf.kdrk ksk Fkh fd og tks dj jgk gS] vuqfpr gSA mlds ,d&nks lkFkh
bl izkekf.kdrk ls Hkh oafpr gks pqds FksA bu fuyZTt yksxksa dks esjs vkxeu ls vkuan izkIr gqvkA vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dqYk feykdj esjh
lkjh xfrfof/k;kas dks crkus dh mRdV Hk;izn dkeukA muesa mRiUu gqbZ vkSj lR; ugha Hkh rks esjs fo:} feF;k ckrsa Hkh ued&fepZ
yxkdj mudh bPNkiwfrZ djrs gq, fdlh izdkj vius iwoZ vijk/k dk mUgsa foLej.k djkdj Lo;a NqVdkjk ikus dk iz;kl djuk gh bu
jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&rhu caxkyh canhokuksa dk vHkhV FkkA bu nks my>uksa ds paxqy esa eq>s var rd jguk iM+kA esjs fo:} pqxyh
djusokyk gj pqxy[kksj vf/kdkfj;kas dh ukd dk cky cu tkrkA de&ls&de os fn[kkok rks djrs fd og mUgas fdruk fiz; gS& vkSj mls
canhx`g esa dqN&u&dqN lqfo/kka, fey tkrhA bl ;ksx ls esjs fo:} pqxyh [kkuk izfrBk dk ,d ykHknkbZ O;olk; gh cu x;k( ijarq mlh
cgrh xaxk esa gkFk /kksdj bu nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa us viuk mYyw lh/kk djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA mUgsa izkIr gksusokyh O;fDrxr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
102
lqfo/kk ds lkFk izk;% esjh O;fDrxr ;kruk esa o`f} gksrhA ijarq og lkjh jkedgkuh vkxs vk,xhA
izLrqr fpVBh esa vkSj vU; NksVs&eksVs mnkgj.kksa }kjk caxkyh jktcafn;ksa ds ,d i{k us nwljs i{k ds fo:} eq>s tks vkLFkkiwoZd lwpuk nh
Fkh] mls i<+dj eSaus Bku fy;k fd ftuds gkFkksa iwoZ esa brus lkjs LokfHkekuiw.kZ] lkgl] rst rFkk fu%LokFkZ nsklsok ds dk;Z gq, gSa muds
laca/k esa rc rd dksbZ Hkh fojks/kh /kkj.kk cukuk mfpr ugha] tc rd Lo;a mudh izR;{k iwNrkN djds ifjp;ksRiUu fufparrk ugha dj
ysrsA ;|fi bl rjg dk izR;;dkjh nkZu gks Hkh x;k fd mudk ;g uSfrd v/k%iru lR; gS] rFkkfi ek= blh dkj.kok mudh iwoZ dh
nsklsok ij NhaVkdkh ugha djuh pkfg,A gka] dsoy lko/kkuh dh lwpuk n`fV ds lkeus j[kdj laHkydj pyuk gksxkA
vc cl gqvk] ekQ djks

;g fpV~Bh feyus ds nwljs ;k rhljs fnu ckn esjs ekad ds vFkkZr~ lkrosa uacj ds vkaxu esa jktcafn;ksa dks NksMd
+ j vU; cafn;ksa dks
dke ds fy, Hkstk x;kA ml ekad ds foHkkx esa yxHkx nks LkkS nafMr ukfj;y rksM+uk] QksM+uk] VqdM+s djuk vkfn dkeksa esa tq Vs gq, FksA
esjs fy, bl bykds dks lnSo fjDr j[kuk vlaHko Hkh FkkA blhfy, bl pky ds r`rh; ry dks] ftlesa eSa jgrk Fkk] fjDr j[krs gq, ks k
nksuksa ryksa dks lksus ds fy, cafn;ksa dks ns fn;k x;k FkkA ml fnu nksigj esa uhps vkaxu esa ,slk izrhr gks jgk FkkA tSls cktkj Hkjk gSA
lSdM+ks&gtkjksa ukfj;y xkfM+;ksa esa Hkj&Hkjdj muds <sj&ds&<sj yxk, tkrsA cafn;ksa dh ,d VqdM+h mUgsa Nhydj ml Vhu ds lk;cku ls
,d&,d ukfj;y Qasdrh jgrhA m/kj og VqdM+h] tks ukfj;y QksM+rh Fkh] [kVk[kV okjksa ls ,d okj ds lkFk nks VqdM+s djds Qasd jgh
Fkh& mldk ikuh ihikas esa Hkj&Hkjdj mls <ksus esa ,d vU; VqdM+h O;Lr FkhA ksk rhl&pkyhl canh mu dVs gq, xksys ds dVksjksa dks
[kqjis ls ?kksaidj VqdM+s&VdM+s dkVdj ukfj;y ;k xksys dh [kksifM+;ksa dks tksj ls ?kqekrs gq, Qsad jgs FksA ija rq xksys dk ,d VqdM+k [kkuk
rks nwj] <ksdj ys tkrs ukfj;y ikuh dh&tks O;FkZ tkrk Fkk& ,d cawn Hkh ihuk dkuwuh ifjHkkkk esa t?kU; vijk/k Fkk vkSj fuR; bu
cafn;ksa dks mlds fy, naM feyrkA rFkkfi dke dk vkjaHk gksrs gh ftl&frl dk FkkscM+k ukfj;y ds VqdM+ksa ls Qwyk gqvk vkSj xjnu
uhps >qdh gqbZ gksrh rFkk lgeh&lgeh vka[ksa duf[k;ksa ls ;g ns[krh gqbZ yV~Vw tSlh xksy&xksy eVdrh jgrh fd dksbZ vius Hkjs gq , xkyksa
dh vksj rks ugha ns[k jgkA ml cktkj dh og jkSud] og HkhM+&HkkM+] og dksykgy] ml
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
103
vQlj cafn;ksa esa ls ftUgsa vf/kdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k tkrk yksxksa dh ^pyks HkkbZ] dke djks]* ^,s] lkys] FkkscM+s esa D;k Bwlka gSa]
tSlh ph[k iqdkj ns[kus yk;d gksrhA bl lkjs gaxkes esa iy Hkj ds fy, bl ;FkkFkZ dk foLej.k gksrk fd eSa Hkh canhoku gwa A ijarq dc
rd\ rHkh rd] tc rd eqag esa Hkjs gq, VqdM+s isVh vQlj ds ns[kus ij dej ij /kEe ls mldh lksVh dk /kIik iM+k ugha vFkok ml
Hkkj ds uhps nksigj rd vax&vax VwVdj Hkkjh ugha gks x;kA
ngh ukfj;y
ml fnu gekjs ml iBku okWMZj dk&og cktkj ns[krs gh uhps tkdj FkksM+k ikuh ihdj nks&rhu xksys eq[k kqf} ds rkSj esa Mkyus ds fy,
&th yypkuk LokHkkfod FkkA cspkjk esjs lkFk gh ml lkrosa ekad dh bekjr ds rhljs rYys ij canh gks x;k Fkk vkSj ml ,dkarokl
ls c x;k FkkA vPNk] eq>ij fu;qDr og okWMZj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk fiV~Bw! mlls dkSu ugha Mjsxk\ mlds ukfj;y ekaxrs gh dkSu mls
xqipqi xjh fudkydj ugha nsxk\ nksigj esa isVh vQlj] og Hkh iBku gksus ds dkj.k ladsr djds bekjr dk }kj [kksydj uhps vkaxu
esa x,A ikuhokys ukfj;y ds nks&rhu uje&uje xksys rqM+okdj mUgksaus xVxV djds vius isV esa maM+sysA vc ksk jg xbZ eq[k kqf}A
fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj cafn;ksa dh tks yach iafDr cSBh gqbZ Fkh] m/kj tkdj ujsfy;ksa ls xksys dh [kksifM+;ksa ls xksyk xksM+dj ,d dks /kedh
nh]^^gkFk pykvks!** okWMZj dks ns[kdj leidkrk gqvk og canh gkFk pyk gh jgk Fkk] vFkkZr~ viuk dke djus gh yxk Fkk fd okWMZj
egkk; Lo;a gh viuk gkFk pykus yxs vkSj fudV cSBs gq, canh dks cl ;wa gh ;g dgrs gq, fd ûkfj;y [kk jgk Fkk lkyk! ns[kks]
eqag ns[kwa rks* ,d djkjh FkIiM+ jlhn dhA ukfj;y [kkus ds vijk/k esa ml can h dks >kiM+ yxkus dk dk;Z lekIr gksrs gh mUgsa izrhr
gqvk fd loZ= vuqdwy okrkoj.k fufeZr gks x;k gS] D;kasfd vc fdlh ls Hkh ngh ukfj;y dh ekax djus ij] tks ogka ukfj;yksa esa
loksZke le>k tkrk gS] dksbZ ekbZ dk yky Mj ds ekjs ûk&uq* ugha dj ldrk FkkA fuR; ds vuqHko ls mlus ;g xkaB esa cka/k j[kk FkkA
,d enzklh canh ds ikl fNik;k gqvk ngh ukfj;y Fkk] ftldk ij mYys[k gks pqdk gSA ;g canh u;k&u;k vk;k FkkA okWMZj egkk;
>V ls ogka igqap x, vkSj mUgkasus vkKk nh] ^^ykvks lkyk ukfj;y b/kjA** ijarq og enzklh viuh gh vdM+ esa FkkA enzkl bykds dk
;g ,d ukephu Mkdw FkkA dbZ ckj rfey tsy dh gok [kkdj <hB cuk gqvk FkkA vc igyh ckj dkysikuh ij vk;k FkkA og Hkh nl
okkZsa ds fy,] vr% dqN vf/kd Hk;Hkhr Hkh ugha FkkA lkFk gh mls fganqLFkkuh Hkkkk dk vR;Yi Kku gksus ds dkj.k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
104
^bYys bYys* vFkkZr~ ûgha&ugha* dgrs gq, prqjkbZ ls fuHkkus dh lqfo/kk izkIr Fkh] ftls enzklh nafMr viuk tUefl} vf/kdkj le>rsA
vr% okWMZj dh ml m}r vkKk dk mlus rfud vD[kM+iu ls mkj fn;k] ^bYys*A og ngh ukfj;y mlus iwjs ,d vkus dh rackdw nsdj
mlls xqipqi [kjhnk Fkk] tks ukfj;y rksM+rk gSA mlds tSlk <hB canhoku ml okWMZj dks lgtrkiwoZd FkksM+s gh nsusokyk FkkA ijarq mu
iBkuh okWMZjksa dks lglk dksbZ ,sls fganw canh ls ikyk ugha iM+rk tks mUgsa Basxk fn[kk,] ifj.kker% os cgqr udp<+s cu tkrs FksA ml
enzklh ds ikl tkdj okWMZj us xkyh&xykSt ds lkFk iqu% ukfj;y dh ekax dh A og enzklh ;g lkspdj fd ujeh ls gh dke fudkyuk
Bhd gS] fryfeykrs gq,^bYys Lokeh] bYys dgrs gq, gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+kus yxkA iBku dk ikjk lkrosa vkleku ij p<+ x;kA fdlh
fganw ls LokFkZok dgk&lquh gksrs gh iBku vkSj eqlyekuksa dh izofk ds vuqlkj mls /kkfeZd ;q}karxZr ije ifo= drZO; ekuk tkrkA
iBku vkSj Hkh xkfy;kas ij mrj vk;k vkSj mlus ^lkyk dkfQj gS] HkM+q, dh pksVh ij gkFk MkykA og enzklh lR; gh fganh ugha tkurk
Fkk] vr% iy Hkj ds fy, og m/ksM+&cqu esa iM+ x;kA mlus lkspk] dgha ,slk rks ugha fd eq>s lgh ckr crkus ds ckotqn eSa bldh ckr
ij dku ugha ns jgk gwa\ ijarq ml okWMZj ds mldh pksVh dks >Vds ls [khapdj ml ngh xksys ij gkFk j[krs gh ml enzklh us Hkh mldh
nk<+h idM+dj [khapkrkuh kq: dhA fdlh us Hkh eqag ls pwa rd ugha dh] D;kasfd nksuksa dh ,d gh pky Fkh& ngh xksys dh xqipqi pksjh
djuk] vr% cl rsjh Hkh pqi] esjh Hkh pqiA pksj&pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ!
Ckl gks x;k] ekQ djks

vkf[kj ;g ns[krs gq, fd vU; canhoku mldh vksj ns[kdj O;aX; ls gal jgs gSa] mlus fuR; fu;e ds vuqlkj viuk lksVk fudkydj
ml enzklh dks tksj ls ekjk vkSj mldh pksVh dks ,slk >Vdk yxk;k fd vk/kh m[kkM+ MkyhA ^dkfQj lkyk dkfQj* cM+cM+krs gq, ks/k
ls yky&ihyk gksdj iBku mldh /kqukbZ dj jgk FkkA var esa u tkus D;k gqvk] og enzklh ,dne vkis ls ckgj gks x;k vkSj mNydj
mlus mls mBkdj /kM+ke ls /kjrh ij iVd fn;k vkSj mldh Nkrh ij ?kqV uk xkM+dj rM+krM+ rekpksa&ij&rekps yxkus yxkA iBku
okWMZj ds ml rjQ vkus ds dkj.k mldk fe= isVh vQlj Hkh ml rjQ vkdj nwj vksV esa cSBdj uekt i<+ jgk FkkA lkjs canh] tks
ml okWMZj ds vR;kpkjksa ls c pqds Fks] dqN vf/kd gaxkek u djrs gq, viuk&viuk Lfkku idM+dj rekkk ns[krs jgsA eq>s rks ij ls
lyk[kksa ds fudV
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
105
[kM+s jgdj ;g ns[krs gh cM+h galh yxhA okWMZj egkk; dh og iBkuh Vksih] og lkQk ftls ns[kdj iwjk tsy flj ls ikao rd dkai
mBrk Fkk] dgha&dk&dgha iM+k Fkk vkSj og enzklh gksaBksa&gh&gksaBksa esa dqN rfey kCn cqncqnkrk gqv k mldh nk<+h ejksM+rk] eqDdksa&ij&eqDds
ekjrk gqvk mldh Nkrh ij lokj FkkA okWMZj egkk; dh D;k etky tks mls ^dkfQj* dgs] pqipki ngh ukfj;y ds Lfkku ij ekj [kkrs
jgs vkSj ij enzklh lokj! var esa ,d&nks feuVksa esa iBku okWMZj us FkisMk+ sa dh ekj [kkrs&[kkrs QqlQqlkrs gq, dgk] ^^ vc cl gqvk]
ekQ djks!** bl rjg Bksdjsa [kkrs&[kkrs dlelk, Loj esa dh gqbZ izkFkZuk lqudj eSaus lkspk] enzklh dks vc mls NksM+ nsuk gh mfpr
gksxkA ijarq ns[kk rks og enzklh tksj&tksj ls rfey esa xkfy;ka cdrk gqvk ml iBku ds flj ij vkSj rsth ds lkFk eqDds ekjus yxkA
ekQ djks esa ls êk*

D;kasfd ml enzklh dks fganh Hkkkk dk Kku yxHkx u ds cjkcj Fkk] vr% mls êkQ djks* esa ls dsoy êk* gh le> esa vk ldkA mls
yxk fd okWMZj vHkh Hkh eq>s eka&cgu dh xkyh ns jgk gSA tSls&tSls iBku dgrk ^vc cl! ekQ djks! ekQ djks! ôSls&oSls êk*] êk*
djrs gq, mls /kedkrs gq, rfey Hkkkk esa xkfy;ka cdrs&cdrs og enzklh mlds flj ij eqDdksa&?kwalksa dh ckSNkj djrk jgkA
var esa tks gaxkek gksuk Fkk] og gks x;k vkSj isVh vQlj rFkk lHkh canhoku Hkkxs&Hkkxs vk igq apsA og eqBHksM+ lekIr gks xbZA og larIr
enzklh gkFkksa rFkk eqag ls cM+cM+kus yxk fd ^lkgc ge rqe ekj*A bu fganh kCnksa esa mlus ladsr }kjk xys dks vaxqyh ls LikZ djds
LiV kCnksa esa trk;k fd ;fn ;g ckr lkgc ds dkuksa rd igaqph vkSj eq> ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k rks eSa rqEgkjk xyk ?kksaVdj tku ls ekjs
fcuk ugha NksM+waxkA
ml vkneh dh og /kedh vkSj loklsjiu ns[krs gh iko lsj cuus dk iBkuh ksjksa dk tUetkr LoHkko vkSj vQlj ls dgus ij Lo;a
dk gh fu;e fo:} vkpj.k fd bl okWMZj dks] tks ijh ry ij fu;qDr gS] fu;e ds fo:} uhps vkaxu esa vkus gh D;ksa fn;k&bl
lkjs >esyksa ls ?kcjkdj isVh vQlj vkSj og okWMZj egkk; fdlh us Hkh lkgc dks og ckr crkuk mfpr ugha le>k vkSj rhu&pkj
ngh xksys xVddj tks eq[k kqf} dh bPNk okWMZj ds eu esa mRiUu gqbZ Fkh] mldh rqfV enzklh us eq[k ij ekjs ?kwalksa ls dh ekudj vius
fc[kjs gq, xyeqPNs laokjrs&laokjrs vkSj lkQk cka/krs&cka/krs egkk; iqu% ml bekjr ds r`rh; ry ij vkdj esjs ij igjk nsus yxsA
eSaus mUgsa lgt Loj esa iwNk] ^^D;k gqvk] [kku lkgc\** ml iBku okWMZj us ;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
106
le>dj fd eSaus dqN Hkh ugha ns[kk gksxk] Nkrh rkudj dgk] ^ôg ,d pksj lkyk] ngh ukfj;y pksjh djuk pkgrk FkkA [kwc /kqukbZ dh
xbZ mldhA** eSaus lfoLer mkj fn;k] ^^Bhd] ,d pksj lkyk ngh xksyk pksjh djuk pkgrk Fkk] og lkyk ihVk x;kA D;ksa] Bhd gS\
og lkyk pksj tks ihVk x;k&og dkSu Fkk\ ;g ;k rks ml iBku dks Kkr Fkk ;k fQj eq>sA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
107
izdj.k&9
r=LFk jktcafn;ksa dh iwoZ fLFkfr

vc ftl f=ry pkyh esa eq>s can fd;k x;k Fkk] mlesa jktcafn;ksa ds vfrfjDr vU; cafn;ksa dks dke djus vkSj jgus ds fy, NksMk+
tkus ds dkj.k eq>s dkjkx`g dh cgqr lkjh mFky&iqFky Kkr gksus yxhA ftl fok; dh eq>s mRlqdrk Fkh og fok; vFkkZr~ jktcafn;ksa dh
r=LFk fLFkfr vkSj esjs T;sB ca/kq dk dqky&{kse&mlls lacaf/kr dkQh tkudkjh xqIr :i ls fdlh&u&fdlh rjg eSaus izkIr dhA gekjs
ikBdx.kksa ds eu esa ;g tkuus dh mRlqdrk gksxh fd fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk ds fy, Hk;adj d`R; djus ds ,ot esa ftu yksxksa dks mlh
rjg ls Hk;adj naM izkIr gq,] mudh D;k xr cuh gksxhA ;g o`k foLr`r :i esa rks D;k] la{ksi esa Hkh ;gka izLrqr ugha fd;k tk ldrk
rFkkfi ftruk fn;k tk ldrk gS] mruk nsus ds fy, ;g izlax mfpr gSA ,rnFkZ mldh dqN izkjafHkd tkudkjh nsrk gwaA
ce&xksysokys
vaneku esa izFker% tks vk/kqfud jkT;& kafrdkjh x, Fks] muesa ekf.kdrYyk cxhps ds kM~;a= esa lfEefyr caxkyh lTtu] muds
ihNs&ihNs egjkV ds Jh x.kskiar lkojdj vkSj Jh okeujko tkskh FksA muds vkxs&ihNs gh caxky dh,d jktuhfrd MdSrh ds laca/k esa
ikap&Ng yksx vk, FksA bu lHkh jktcafnksa esa rhu caxfy;ksa vkSj nks egkjkfV;ksa dks vkthou dkysikuh dk naM izkIr gqvk FkkA ksk caxkyh
yksx nl ls rhl okksaZ rd ds fy, naM izkIr FksA eSa tc ogka x;k Fkk rc bu yksxksa ds vfrfjDr bykgkckn ds ^LojkT;* i= ds pkj
laiknd Hkh ogka vk, Fks] ftUgsa lkr ls nl okksZa dk naM gqvk FkkA ijarq mu ij jktnzksg dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk] u fd jkT;ka fr
dkA bruk gh ugha] vfirq og lpeqp jkT;kafr ds rRoksa ls loZFkk vifjfpr rFkk O;ogkj ds fo:} Hkh FksA ijarq dsoy jktnzksg ds
vijk/k ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
108
fy, naM nsdj mUgsa kafrdkfj;ksa esa cSBus ds dkj.k muesa ls dqN yksxksa dks jkT;kafr ds rRo Hkh ifjfpr vkSj O;ogkjlEer yxus yxs&
cl bl naM dk bruk ifj.kke vo; gqvkA fdl eqdnesa esa dkSu&dkSu Fks vkSj fdl O;fDr ds D;k er Fks] eq>s vc ;g iDdh rjg
;kn ugha vk jgk] blfy, mudk lk/kkj.k mYys[k djds gh lek/kku djuk iM+ jgk gSA ij mfYyf[kr yksxksa ds vfrfjDr vkSj ,d
jktcanh ogka Fks] ,slk eq>s yxrk gSA igys x, gq, yksxksa esa caxkyh gh vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k ge lcdks gh caxkyh dgk tkrk Fkk] ijarq
ckn esa tc iatkc vkkfn izkarksa ls lSdM+ksa yksx vkus yxs rc gesa ,d vkSj vukM+h dksk izkIr gks x;kA og Fkk^ce&xksysokys*A
thHkokys vFkok jktcanh

mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa us] ftUgksaus jktcanh dk vFkZ rks D;k bl kCn dks Hkh dHkh vius thou esa ugha lquk] Hkyk os bl kCn dh ladYiuk
dks dSls lksp&le> ldrs gS\ muesa ls vf/kdrj dks ceekjh dk vH;kl djus dh dYiuk Fkh vkSj mlh lk/kkj.k y{k.k }kjk gekjs oxZ
ds lk/kkj.k funsZk dk dke pyk;k x;kA ckjh lkgc dks tc dHkh jktcafn;ksa dh vko;drk iM+rh rc ^tkvks] ml lkr uacj ds
ce&xksysokys dks ysdj vkvks* vFkok ^lc ce&xksysokyksa dks vHkh&ds&vHkh can djks* ,slh xtZuk gksrhA ogka tkus ds Ikpkr~ lHkh cafn;ksa
dks eSa nsj&losj ;g le>krk]^vjs] ge ce&xksyksa ls yM+s] ij ge ij ,slk dgus dk vkjksi ugha yxk;k x;k FkkA ge ij ;g dgus dk
vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd ge ljdkj ls yM+s] Lojkt dh LFkkiuk ds fy, yM+sA beesa ls dksbZ fiLrkSy ls] dksbZ canwd ls rks dksbZ ek=
ys[kuh dh lgk;rk ls yM+ jgs FksA dqN yksxksa us rks ce ns[kk Hkh ugha Fkk] fQj mls Qasdus dh ckr rks nwj jghA ge lHkh us tks dqN
pyk;k] og kL= Fkk viuh&ftA vr% vki gesa thHkokys dfg,A ceokys dfg,A ceokys D;ksa dgrs gSa \* bldk eryc\ os galdj
iwNrs] ^vki crkb,] okLrfod uke D;k gS] ge ogh dgsaxsA* eSa dgrk] ^gekjs oxZ dk okLRkfod uke gS ^jktcanh*A vPNk] rqe bldk
lgt mPpkj.k ugha dj ldrs rks rqe cl bruk gh dgk djks ^jktdSnh*A * bl kCn dk mPpkj.k os >V ls dj ysrsA vkxs pydj
;gh kCn :<+ gks x;k] rFkkfi ckjh lkgc dks ;g lqgkrk ugha FkkA gesa ;fn dksbZ ^ckcw* ;g kCn vaneku esa lEekulwpd gS dgrk rks
Hkh ckjh lkgc fpYykrs] ^dkSu ckcw gS] lkyk! os lc dSnh gSaA* rks fQj ftu ckjh lkgc dks vU; cafn;ksa dks tks i<+uk&fy[kuk tkurs Fks]
ckcw lacksf/kr djus esa dksbZ vkifk ugha Fkh] dsoy ge jktcafn;ksa dks ckcw lacksf/kr djus ij vkifk Fkh] os ckjh lkgc gesa jktcanh
vFkok jktdSnh FkksM+s dh lacksf/kr djus nsaxs\
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
109
^Mh* fVdV
ejrs ne rd ckjh lkgc us ;gh jV yxkbZ Fkh fd ge ikWfyfVdy fiztulZ ugha gSA dksbZ canh muds lkeus jktdSnh dg nsrk rks lkgc
xjtrs] ^g%;ks\ dkSu jktdSnh\ oks Hkh rqEgkjs ekQd gh ,d ekewyh dSnh gSA cnekk dSfn;ksa dk ^Mh* fVdV ns[krk ugha rqe mudh Nkrh
ij\* cnekkksa esa egkcnekkksa dks ^Mh* vFkkZr~ ^MsatjlHk;adj vFkZ dk v{kj [kksndj diM+ksa ij yxkus ds fy, gesa ,d fcYyk fn;k
tkrk] rFkkfi izFke fnol ls vafre fnu rd canhx`g esa eq>s lHkh ^cM+s ckcw* uke ls gh lacks f/kr djrs jgsA vkSj rks vkSj Lo;a ckjh
lkgc Hkh xyrh ls dbZ ckj dgrs] ^,s goynkj] tkvks ml lkr uacj ds cM+s ckcw dks cqykvksA* mlh rjg tSls&tSls gekjs minsk ls
cafn;ksa dh le> esa jktuhfrd vkanksyu ds eeZ dk ifjp; gksrk x;k oSls&oSls os Lo;a gh gesa ^jktdSnh* ds uke ls lacksf/kr djus yxsA
bl kCn esa varHkwZr LojkT;kFkZ la?kkZ djus ds ftl fopkj ds dkj.k ckjh lkgc mldk uke Hkh ugha ysus nsrs Fks] mlh fopkj dk Bksl
mYys[k cafnkksa ds fpk ij vafdr gks] blds fy, eSa lHkh dks ;FkklaHko ;gh minsk djrk fd os gesa mlh uke ls lacksf/kr djsaA vkf[kj
ogh kCn izpfyr gks x;kA ckjh lkgc dks yssdj ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa rd lHKh us nkos ds lkFk lkS&LkkS ckj LiV djrs gq, Hkh fd ^rq e
ikWfyfVdy fiztuj ugha gks] lk/kkj.k ikih canh gks] ^^ vkf[kj ge îkWfyfVdy fiztuj* gh fl} gks x,A mlh rjg muds yk[k
Mjkus&/kedkus ds ckotqn canhx`g ls ysdj vaneku dh Lora= cfLr;ksa rd gesa ^jktdSnh* ds :i esa gh lacksf/kr fd;k tkus yxkA
wj nsork dks Hkksx
eSaus ij fy[kk Fkk fd esjs vaneku tkus ls igys tks jktcanh ogka x, Fks] mUgsa igys ,d gh Hkou esa bdV~Bk j[kk x;k FkkA muij
,d iBku canhoku vf/kdkjh FkkA ukfj;y Nhydj fudkys gq, eksVs&eksVs fNyds] ftlesa ukfj;y dk xksyk feyrk gS dksad.k esa mls
^lksM+.ks* dgk tkrk gS] lq[kkdj mldks dwVuk vkSj muesa ls tVk,a ;k jsks Bhd rjg ls fudkydj mUgsa lkQ djus dk dke mudks
lkSaik tkrk FkkA ;g dke dfBu gh Fkk] rFkkfi mruk dfBu ugha Fkk ftruk dksYgw ls rsy fudkyukA okLro esa ftu cafn;ksa dks iwjh rjg
ls vaxszth Lisfyax Hkh ugha vkrh] mUgsa Hkh b/kj vkrs gh vFkok rfud vkxs&ihNs fy[kus dk dke lkSaidj ^ckcw * ds rkSj ij cafn;ksa ij
vf/kdkj fn;k tkrk gSA ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa ls fdlh dks Hkh fy[kus dk dke ugha fn;k tkrkA mUgsa brus dBksj ifjJe ds dke fn, tkrs
gSa tks mUgkasus vius thou esa dHkh ugha fd,A dnkfpr~ mUgsa dsoy Lisfyax fy[kus ls dbZ xquk vf/kd
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
110
vaxzsth dk Kku FkkA mudh bl fk{kk dh U;work ds dkj.k gks ldrk gS os fy[kus dk dke djus ds fy, vik= le>s x, gksaA
rFkkfi dke Hkys gh dBksj ifjJe dk gks] ij th&rksM+ ifjJe djrs&djrs Hkh lHkh ,d lkFk jg ldrs FksA ;gh ykHk mu lektfiz;
fkf{kr euq;ksa dks lq[kn izrhr gksrk FkkA muesa ls ,d&nks tu jksxxzLr Fks] ftl dkj.k mUgsa nw/k feyrkA og nw/k ml iBku vf/kdkjh
dkss] ftls mu ij fu;qDr fd;k tkrk] Hkksx ds :i esa xqipqi p<+k, tkus ds dkj.k og wj nsork Hkh FkksMk+ &cgqr de mxz izrhr gksrkA
bu nks ckrksa ds dkj.k dqN feykdj ml le; dkjkx`goklh jktcafn;ksa dh voLFkk dkjkx`g dh rqyuk esa bruh nq%lg ugha FkhA esjs
vxzt Hkh mlh Hkou esa jgk djrs FksA
ijarq dqN eghus bl rjg chrus ds Ikpkr~ dydkk ls fujh{k.kkFkZ ,d iqfyl vf/kdkjh va neku vk x,A mUgksaus tc ns[kk] jktcanh
^fNydk* dwV jgs gSa vkSj mUgsa FkksMh+ nwjh ij fdarw ,d lkFk gh j[kk x;k gS] rc mUgsa LokHkkfod :i esa gh [ksn gqvk fd canhkkyk esa
Hkh euq; ds lkFk bruh ekuork dk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA mUgkasus vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ds dku ,saBs vkSj mu LFkkuh;] vukM+h
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa ,d mPp jktuhfrd rRo dk eeZ cSBk;k fd& ;g canh fdlh [kwuh] pksj&Mkdw tSls lnkk;] n;kyq ekuo ugha gSa
vfirq ;s jktcanh egkcnekk gSa& buls ,slk O;ogkj fd;k tk, ftlls mudk ?keaM pwj&pwj gks tk,A
dksYgw
rc ls O;OkLFkk cny xbZA mu jktcafn;ksa dks vyx&vyx pkfy;ksa esa vdsys&vdsys gh can fd;k x;kA ;fn os vkil esa okkkZyki djrs
rks csfM+;ka] gFkdfM+;ka vkfn dh tksjnkj Hkjekj gksus yxrhA Luku dqaM ij vFkok HkkstukFkZ nwj cSBdj dsoy ^Bhd gS u* tSls lads r ls
dqky iwNus ij Hkh lkr&lkr fnuksa rd gFkdfM+;ka yxkdj j[kuk vkfn naM fn, tkus yxs vkSj var esa fNydk dwVus ds dBksj ifjJe
dk og dke Hkh mu yksxksa dks fn;k tkrk] ftUgsa Lisfyax djus ls vf/kd vaxzsth dk Kku gSA ;g lc mUgsa vU;k;tud izrhr gqvk ij]
fQj Hkh mUgsa dksYgw esa tksrk x;k] tks dkjkokl esa dfBure dke le>k tkrk vkSj tks cSyksa ds djus ;ksX; FkkA mu yksxksa dks lcd tks
fl[kkuk Fkk! nks&nks eghus rd ;g dke nsus ds ckn ,d eghuk iqu% fNydk fn;k tkrk vkSj iqu% dksYgw esa tksr tkrkA izkr% dky mBrs
gh yaxksV dldj dejs esa can gksuk iM+rkA Hkhrj dksYgw dh MkaMh dks ,sls ?kqekuk iM+rk tSls gkFk ls ifg;k ?kqek;k tkrk gSA ml vks[kyh
esa xksys iM+rs gh og bruh Hkkjh gks tkrh fd vfrjFkh] egkjFkh dqyh Hkh mlds chl Qsjs iwjs djrs&djrs yq<+d tkrkA pksj&Mkdqvksa dks
Hkh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
111
chl ls de mez esa lglk bl dke esa ugha tksrk tkrkA ijarq vanekuh oS|dkkL= ds vuqlkj jktcanh ;g MkaMh fdlh Hkh mez esa ?kqek
ldrs FksA vr% ml MkaMh dks vk/kk ?ksjk pDdj nsdj ksk vk/kk ?ksjk nsus yk;d kfDr gkFkksa es a ugha gksus ls mlij yVddj mldh
iwfrZ djuh iM+rh FkhA bruh kfDr ml dksYgw esa iM+s ukfj;y ihlus dks tqVkuh iM+rhA brus dBksj ifjJe ls vutku vkSj dksey o;
ds Fks] chl dh vk;q ds b/kj&m/kj ds lqdqekj fkf{kr uo;qod jktcanhA lkekU;r% izkr%dky nl cts rd bl rjg lrr pDdj
?kqekrs&?kqekrs lkal Qwy tkrhA fdlh& fdlh dk gh ugha] izk;% lHkh dk flj pdjkus ls ckj&ckj uhps cSBuk iM+rkA nl cts ls
fu;kekuqlkj nks ?kaVs dke can j[kk tkrkA ijarq dksYgw dk dke ,slk ugha Fkk] ftlesa vojks/k iM+rkA Hkkstu vkrs gh dejk [kksyk tkrkA
canh ds ckgj vkdj nky] Hkkr] jksVh ds lkFk Hkhrj tkus ds fy, eqM+rs gh njoktk iqu% canA ;fn dksbZ gkFk /kksdj ilhus ls yFkiFk
kjhj lkQ djus yxrk rks mruk foyac Hkh vlguh; gksrkA teknkj dk vFkkZr~ cafn;ksa esa cnekk] ftls fdlh us vf/kdkjh cuk;k gqvk
gksrk] eka&cguksa dh xkyh cduk fufpr FkkA gkFk /kksus ds fy, ikuh dgka ls feysxk\ ihus ds ikuh ds fy, Hkh teknkj dh [kqkken
djuh iM+rh gS] D;kasfd dksYgw dk dke djrs le; I;kl vf/kd tksj ls yxrh gSA ikuhokyk ikuh ugha nsrkA fdlh us pksjh&pksjh pqVdh
Hkj rackdw nh] rHkh og ikuh nsrkA teknkj dks crkus ij og xqjkZrk]^canh dks nks dVksjs ikuh nsus dh vkKk gS] rqe rks rhu ih pqdsA
vkSj ikuh vius ck ids ?kj ls ykvksA* teknkj dh okLrfod Hkkkk dk geus loZFkk lH;] fkV kCnksa esa vuqokn fd;k gSA gkFk /kks us ds
rFkk ihus ds ikuh dh tgka ;g voLFkk gks ogka Luku dk uke D;k ysuk\
rsy iwjk djuk iM+sxk
Luku dh gh ckr D;ksa\ Hkkstu dh Hkh ;gh voLFkk FkhA Hkkstu ijksldj ,d ckj njoktk can djrs gh teknkj dks ;g fpark ugha gksrh
fd canh [kk jgs gSa ;k ughaA og lrr ml pkyh dh dksBfj;ksa ds lkeus ls fpYykrs gq, pyrk&^vjs cSBks erA kke rd rsy iwjk djuk
gksxkA ugh arks fiVksxs] ltk gksxh lks vyxA* bl rjg mlds ph[krs&fpYykrs db;ksa ds xys ls dkSj ugha mrjrk] D;kaasfd kke rd rs y
de Hkjrs gh fuR; ykrksa&?kwalksa&lksfV;ksa ls cafn;ksa dks dqVrs&fiVrs gj dksbZ ns[kr FkkA bl Mj ds dkj.k isV esa Hkys gh pwgs dwn jgs gksa]
dksYgw ?kqekrs&?kqekrs] ml Fkkyh esa ls] ftlesa [kM+s&[kM+s ilhus dh /kkj fxj jgh gS] xzkl mBkdj eqag esa Bwalrs] tSl&s tSls mls fuxyrs vkSj
dksYgw pykrs&pykrs gh Hkkstu djrs vusd cafn;ksa dks eSaus dbZ ckj viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
112
bl izdkj ml vn~Hkqr Hkkstu ls fuiVdj iqu% ikap cts rd dksYgw pykuk iM+rkA vH;klh dksbZ pkj cts lekIr djrkA loZFkk iDdk
lkS esa ,dk/k O;fDr gh lnSo iwjk dke vFkkZr~ rhl ikSaM rsy fudky ikrkA ksk lHkh vkt ugh arks dy bruk th&rksM+ dV mBkdj Hkh
dke iwjk djus esa vleFkZ jgrsA muesa ls tks ukSflf[k,] lh/ks&lkns vkSj lkis{kr% lPps gksrs] gk;! gk;! mUgha ij teknkj okWMZjksa dh
ekj iM+rhA Hkkstu u djrs gq, dke esa tqVus ij Hkh rsy dk dksVk iwjk u gksus ij FkIiM+&ykr&?kwalksa&MaMksa dh ekj [kkrs] Fkds&ekans canh
rsy maMsydj jksrs&jksrs okil ykSVrs gq, eq>s vkt Hkh fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA uez LoHkko ds cafn;ksa dh ;g voLFkk gksrh FkhA rfud gsdM+ ;k
ks/kh gksrk rks mls gFkdM+h] MaMk&csM+h vkfn ekjihV ls vf/kd vklku naM FkkA bl O;oLFkk ds dkj.k canhx`g esa dne j[krs gh
lTturktU; lPpkbZ] vofkV yTtk Hkh NwV tkrh gSA ,sls gh yksx var rd canhx`g esa thfor cp ikrs gSa ;k tks thrs gSa&os vf/kdrj
muesa ls gh gksrs gSaA
jkf= esa dksYgw ij dke
fuYkZTt ks/kh] egkcnekkksa dks Hkh ckjh lkgc loZFkk NwV nsrs gksa] ,slk ugha FkkA lh/ks&lkns yksxksa ij izFker% vkrs&tkrs ekjihV gksrh]
D;kasfd ?kksa?kksa dks iSjksa rys dqpy Mkyuk ohj iq:kksa ds fy, vklku dke gksrk gSA bl izdkj mu lh/ks&lkns fucZy fuYkZTtksa dh /kqukbZ gksrs
ns[kdj mu cnekkksa ds eu esa Hkh] ftudk rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvk gksrk] ;g Hk; mRiUu gksuk LokHkkfod Fkk fd mUgkasus vkSj rax
fd;k rks mUgsa Hkh ;gh izk;fpk djuk gksxk vkSj muesa dqN yksx dke iwjk djus ds iz;kl esa tqVrsA fdlh&fdlh fnu ukfj;y dh xjh
fxyh gks vkSj kke rd fdlh dk Hkh rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvk] rks ckjh lkgc ds ikl nwljk mik; Fkk] ftls dke esa yk;k tkrkA
^;s lkys canh yksx feyh&Hkxr djds fdlh dk dke iwjk ugha gksus nsrs]* bl rjg tksj&tksj ls ngkM+rs gq, ckjh lkgc] tc la/;k le;
ikap cts Hkkstu ijkslus dk le; gksrk rc ;g vknsk djrs fd rhl ikSaM rsy tc rd iwjk ugha gksxk rc rd Hkkstu ugha feysxkA
losjs Ng cts ls fcuk vkjke fd, [kM+s&[kMs+ nksigj X;kjg cts Hkkstu djrs vkSj kke rd fcuk :ds dksYgw pyk&pykdj tks iLr gks
tkrs Fks] muesa Hkh ,sls nl&ikap canh gh gksrs tks rsy dk dksVk iwjk djuk vlaHko gh gksrkA ijarq ckjh lkgc dqlhZ eaxokdj ml pkyh
dks rkyk Bkasd nsrs vkSj lHkh canhx`gksa dk dke Bhd ikap&Ng cts can djkdj fu;ekuqlkj lHkh dkjkx`g can djus dk izfro`k fjiks VZ
lwfpr djrs] cl mlh pkyh dk dke Bksaddj pyokrs jgrsA ml fu;e dks iSjksa rys dqpydj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
113
bl pkyh esa dke pkyww j[kus dh ckr dk HkkaMk QksM+us dk Hkyk fdlh flikgh ;k ukSdj esa lkgl Fkk\ ckjh lkgc lIrkg ds vanj&vanj
dqN&u&dqN kM~;a= jpdj] ml ij ykaNu yxkdj mldk loZukk dj nsrs] bldk dksbZ fu;e FkksMs+ gh Fkk\ rc jkr lkr&vkB&ukS cts
rd dksYgw pyk, tkrsA vkrs&tkrs flikgh&teknkj ekjihV dj jgs gSa] ?kaVksa ds ihNs ?kaVs ct jgs gS] iwjh canhkkyk xgjh uhan esa gS fdarw
dksYgw dh bekjr djZj djrh dke dj jgh gS]ckjh pkyh ds vkxs dqlhZ ij cSBdj a?k jgk gS vkSj chp esa gh eka&cgu dh xkfy;ka
cdrs gq, bl rjg fpYyk jgk gS]^^vc rd rsy iwjk ugha gqvk] rks ekjks lkys dks csar] dy ekjuk rks vkt ekjksA**
jksx dk LokWax
ftuds gkFkksa dks bl rjg ds dBksj ifjJe us dHkh LikZ rd ugha fd;k Fkk] mUgsa dksYgw dk dke eghuksa rd fn;k x;kA buesa dkWyst esa
v/;;u&v/;kiu djusokys rFkk l=g okZ ds yM+ds Hkh FksA muds dV dh lhek ugha FkhA muesa tc dqN chekj iM+ x, rc os lkspus
yxs] blls rks e`R;q HkyhA chekjh rc rd <ksax dh lwph esa lekfoV gksrh Fkh tc rd og xaHkhj Lo:i /kkj.k ugha djrhA mlesa Hkh
;fn Toj gks rks 101 ds ij p<+us ij gh mls Toj le>k tkrk] rc Hkh jktcanh dks :X.kky; esa ugha vfirq dksBjh esa gh can
fd;k tkrkA lk/kkj.k pksjh] vkxtuh] MdSrh] xnZu dkVuk vkfn iksVZ Cysvj ds uhfrkkL= ds v{kE; vijk/k gSa] ,sls vijk/k djusokyks a
dks :X.kky; esa ek= jksxh dgrs gSaA lksus ds fy, [kfV;k nh tkrhA ijarq Toj vFkok nLr] myfV;ka vkfn izR;{k jksx dgrs gSaA lksus ds
fy, [kfV;k nh tkrhA ijarq Toj vFkok nLr] myfV;ka vkfn izR;{k jksx ugha gksrsA ljnnZ] n; fod`fr] th ?kcjkuk vkfn vizR;{k jksx ksa
us ftls tTkZj fd;k gS] mudh nkk iwNuk rks nwj] muds jksx dk funku <ksax vFkok dkepksjh tSls jksx ls xzLr gksus esa fd;k tkrk Fkk]
lkFk gh naM Hkh fn;k tkrkA gka] ;g ckr vlR; ugha fd nafMrksa esa muds ikl] ftUgsa xq:daVky dgk tkrk] vko;drkuqlkj rst Toj]
nLr vFkok [kwu dh myfV;ka gksus dh vkSkf/k;ka rFkk mik; gksrsA ijarq ;g ckr Hkh >wB ugha gS fd bl rjg dh nokb;ksa ds cnys
103&104 rd Toj ls riuk Lohdkj gSA rhoz isVnnZ gksdj [kwu ds nl&nl nLr gksuk Hkh Lohdkj gS] ijarq bl dksYgw dh ;kruk ls
dqN fnuksa ds fy, eqfDr feysA bl rjg ftl dksYgw ds dV vlguh; Fks& egku~ cnekkksa dks Hkh tks vlguh; gksrs& mlh dksYgw esa mu
jktcafn;ksa dks tksrk tkrk tks vius thou esa igyh ckj canhx`g dk eqag ns[k jgs FksA vkSj muesa Hkh dksbZ mi;qDr vizR;{k jksx ls chekj
iM+ tk, rks mldh x.kuk <ksaxh] ukVfd;ksa esa djds mls iqu% bl dBksj ifjJe ds dke ij Hkstk tkrkA ,sls dVHkksxh iq:kksa esa esjs
T;sB ca/kq dh x.kuk izeq[k :i esa dh tkrhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
114
ikyrw cukus dk iz;ksx

,d rks mUgsa igys ls gh vk/kklhlh dh chekjh Fkh] ml ij canhx`g ds ;s ekufld vkSj kkjhfjd dVA ij ls dksYgw esa tqrukA vkSj
lcls cM+k vijk/k ;g fd bl izdkj ds vikj dVksa ls Hkh iwoZof.kZr vU; jktcafn;ksa dh rjg os vHkh rd VwVs ugha FksA muds eqag ls
vHkh rd vokLrfod tkudkjh dk vFkok frjLdj.kh; izkFkZuk dk ,d kCn Hkh ugha fudyk FkkA vr% ckjh tks mu jktcafn;ksa dks
LiVr% fga] ccZj dgrk vkSj tks Lo;a muds ldZl dk pkyd dgykrk Fkk] vkt Hkh mUgsa ikyrw cukus dk iz;ksx dj gh jgk FkkA
,slh voLFkk ls Vdjkrs vkSj jmlds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa iqu% Hk;adj vk/kklhlh dh O;Fkk us ?ksj fy;kA izkr%dky dksYgw esa tqr tkus ds
ckn lrr mls ?kqekus ls tSl&s tSls fnu p<+rk tkrk oSls gh muds flj es vl ihM+k gksrh tkrh] vlhe osnuk ls os NviVkrsA /kwi Hkh
lgh ugha tkrh] rFkkfi tSl&s tSls fnu p<+rk oSls gh c<+rh gqbZ rhoz ihM+k dh osnuk ds lkFk&lkFk ^dksYgw* isyks vkSj dqN ugha tkurk]
pyks dksYgw isyks* dh teknkj dh vfkV xtZuk,a Hkh c<+rh tkrhA xksjs vf/kdkjh ds nkSjs ij vkrs gh mUgksaus muds lkeus fuosnu&i=
j[kk&^êsjk flj nnZ ls QVk tk jgk gSA** mUgksaus mkj fn;k] ^ôg esjk ljnnZ ugha] MkWDVj dks fn[kkvksA** MkWDVj dksbZ fganqLFkkuh gh
gksxkA og vkdj ns[krk&Toj gS ;k ugha vkSj dg nsrk&bls dqN ugha gSA lkgc ds ikl ys tkvksA D;kasfd flj dh ihM+k ls rkiekuh
FkekZehVj tjk Hkh rIr ugha gksrkA efLrd dh ihM+k dks fl} djus ds fy, vU; dksbZ Hkh izek.k ughaA vFkkZr~ blesa vo; dksbZ pky
gksxh cafn;ksa dh blesa Hkh jktcafn;ksa dh] blesa Hkh x.kskiar lkojdj dh xgjh pky a a a aA
eSa dgwa ogh jksxh
MkWDVj tkurk Fkk fd og tks dj jgk gS og vU;k; gS] ijarq mls ckjh dk Hk; FkkA og vkrs&tkrs ;gh dgrk jgsxk]^ns[kks MkWDVj] vki
fgawn gSaA ;s jktcanh Hkh fganw gSaA irk ugha dc ;s viuh fpduh&pqiM+h ckrksa ls vkidks xM~<s esa <dsy nsaA muds lkFk esjh vuqefr ds
fcuk ;fn vkidks ,d kCn cksyrs gq, Hkh fdlh us ns[kk rks vkids fo:} vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ikl izfro`k pyk tk,xkA vr% /;ku jf[k,]
;fn ukSdjh pkfg, rks vki viuh vksj ls muds laca/k esa dqN er dfg,A vki i<+s&fy[ksa rks gSa] ijarq eSa cM+k vuqHkoh gwa A eq>s irk gS]
bu <ksafx;ksa ds dkSu ls jksx lp gSa vkSj dkSu ls feF;kA vr% ;kn jf[k,] os rHkh chekj iMs+axs tc eSa dgwaxk] le>s \* bruk dgdj
vius fouksn ij Lo;a gh ckhlh fudkyrs gq, ckjh vkxs c<+ tkrkA ,d ckj ,d MkWDVj gkWfLiVy vflLVsaV us esjs ca/kq dh og vR;ar
n;uh;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
115
nkk ns[khA flj dh ihM+k vlguh; gksus ij os dHkh&dHkh nhokj ls viuk flj VdjkrsA fQj mBdj oSls gh dksYgw ?kqekrsA MkWDVj us
lkgl djds dgk]^^ pyks] eSa nks fnu vkidks vius vf/kdkj esa fujh{k.kkFkZ for observation j[krk gwaA NksM+ nks ;g dke vkSj mBkvks
viuk cksfj;k&fcLrjA** mldh lwpuk ds vuqlkj esjs ca/kq cksfj;k&fcLrj laHkkydj tk gh jgs Fks fd og nkuo ckjh viuk lksVk iVdrk
gqvk vk /kedk] ^^vjs,s] ce&xksysokys] fd/kj tk jgk gS\** dgrs gq, xqLls ds lkFk ml teknkj ls iwNus yxk tks x.ksk nknk dks ys tk
jgk FkkA teknkj bruk ldidk;k fd dkVks rks cnu esa [kwu ughaA og dgus yxk]^^ MkWDVj ckcw dh vkKk ls dke NksM+dj bUgsa
fujh{k.kkFkZ lakf;r jksxh ds ukrs NksM+us tk jgk gwaA** ^îj eq>ls D;ksa ugha iwNk\ dkSu gS ;g MkWDVj ckcw , lkyk] os lkykA** dgrs gq,
mlus gaxkek djds iwjk canhx`g flj ij mBk fy;kA ^^ ys tkvks bls okilA dke ij yxk nks lkys dksA ns[k ysrk gwa ml MkWDVj dks
vkSj rq>s Hkh] lkyk rqe&eq>ls iwN cxSj bldks dksBjh ls ckgj D;kas fudkyk\ MkWDVj dh vkKk ;k esjh\** bl rjg tksj&tksj ls xjtrs
gq, mlus ml teknkj ls x.ksk nknk dks dksBjh esa can djk;k vkSj dksYgw esa tksr fn;kA MkWDVj dk vf/kdkj ckjh ds vFkkZRk~ canhiky ds
vf/kdkj ds fuEu Lfkku ij ugha gksrk] og dsoy lqifjVsaMsaV ds vf/kdkj ds uhps vkrk gSA ijarq lHkh fganw rFkk Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk
th&tku ls ;gh iz;kl jgrk fd jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh mykguk] fkdk;r lqifjVsaMasV rd u igaqpsA ,rnFkZ ckjh ls Mjdj ml
MkWDVj us vius vieku dk dM+ok ?kwaV rks ih fy;k vkSj ckjh ls {kek ekaxdj iqu% dHkh fdlh canhoku dks lq ifjVsaMsaV dh vuqefr ds
fcuk dksBjh ls :X.kky; esa iy Hkj ds fy, Hkh ys tkus dk lkgl ugha fd;kA ksk dksbZ Hkh nafMr] nl&nl ckj tsy dkVdj gh ugha
vfirq tsy rksM+dj fudys HkxksM+s Hkh dsoy bruk lwfpr djds fd ôs chekj gSa* :X.kky; esa tk ldrs FksA vkxs dh ckr rks MkWDVjksa ds
gkFk esa gksrh fd mUgsa j[kuk gS ;k ughaA muds dke esa lglk canhiky n[ky ugha nsrsA dsoy jktcafn;ksa ds fy, :X.kky; ds }kj can
FksA
og vk/kklhlh dk jksx rFkk Vhl lgrs&lgrs esjs T;sB ca/kq dksYgw isjrs] la/;k le; rsy ukidj ^gqk* djrs gq, tks lksus dh dksBjh esa
ydM+h ds yV~Bs ij ;k r[r ij viuk kjhj iVdrs] rc lkjs kjhj esa ihM+k gksus yxrhA fQj vka[k yxh ugha fd nwljh lqcgA fQj
ogh vk/kklhlh] ogh teknkj] ogh dkys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vieku vkSj ;a=.kk&ogh dksYgw ds lkFk [kM+k jgukA bl rjg lIrkg] eghus
dV vkSj vR;kpkjksa dh ijkdkBk esa fcrkrs gq, blh rjg lkjk tUe fcrkuk FkkA
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116
ugha pkfg, ;g thou

mu ;krukvksa dk fdruk c[kku djsa\ ijarq gWakMh ds pkoy ij[kus ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gwaA vaneku esa canhokl esa dkedkt]
vUu&oL=] ekjihV vkfn dbZZ izdkj ls =kl fn;k tkrk gS] mlesa ,d ,slk Fkk tks ns[kus esa lk/kkj.k] dgus esa ladkspkLin] ijarq ftls
lgus esa vius vkils f?ku gksus yxrh vkSj ,slk izrhr gksrk tSls Hkxoku~ thou ls mBk ys rks vPNkA og dV Fkk&cafn;ksa dks ey&ew =
dk vojks/k djus ds fy, ck/; djukA losj]s nksigj] kke&bl le; ds vfrfjDr kkSp tkuk yxHkx t?kU; vijk/k le>k tkrkA jkr
esa canhokuksa dks Ng&lkr cts gh tks can fd;k tkrk rks lqcg Ng cts }kj [kksyk tkrkA ml vof/kd esa y?kqkadk ds fy, dsoy ,d
eVdk Hkhrj j[kk tkrkA vaneku ds canhx`g esa lHkh dksBfj;ka vyx&vyx Fkh vkSj izR;sd esa ,d gh canh dks can fd;k tkrkA ckjh
lkgc dk uhfr&fu;e Fkk fd jkf= ds bu ckjg ?kaVksa esa fdlh canh dks kkSp ugha gksuk pkfg,A og eVdk Hkh bruk NksVk gksrk fd
y?kqkadk ds fy, Hkh iwjk ugha iM+rkA fdlh dks kkSp tkuk gks rks mls okWMZj dks lwfpr djuk iM+rkA okWMZj us ;fn viuh vfuPNk
vFkok Hk;ok ;g foksk ckr vlR; ?kksfkr dh rks izu gh ughaA ml canh dks mlh rjg eykojks/k djds rc rd :duk pkfg, tc
rd losjk ugha gksrkA vkSj ;fn okWMZj us teknkj dks lwfpr fd;k rks teknkj canh dks vle; kkSp yxus dh ikuh lud lokj gksus ds
vijk/k esa nl xkfy;ka vkSj okWMZj dks canh dh fkdk;r lquus ds vijk/k esa ikap xkfy;ka cdrs gq, eu gqvk vkSj uhan dh [kqekjh esa
;kn jgk rks ;g ckr MkWDVj dks crk nsrkA MkWDVj dk kkSp yxus fok;d izek.k&i= lkS esa ls ,dk/k ckj feysxkA fQj og ckjh rd
igqaprk vkSj mldh bPNk gqbZ rks rkyk [kksydj ml canh dks kkSp tkus ds fy, fudkyk tkrkA ml ij izkr%dky esa ckjh lkgc ds
lkeus iwNrkN esa ,slk izu iwNk tkrk ftldk fdlh Hkh canh dks larksktud mkj ugha lw>rkA fQj xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj gksrh lks vyxA
^D;kas cs] rqeus jkr Hkj bruk gYyk&xqYyk D;kas fd;k\** D;k djrk gqtwj! Tkksj ls VV~Vh yxh FkhA {kek dhft, gqtwjA* rc viuh lksVh
iVddj ikuh ih&ihdj mls dkslrs gq, lkgc iwNrs]îj D;ksa yxk Fkk ik[kkuk\ cksy lkys] jkr ds le; VV~Vh D;ksa yxh\* ldidk;k
gqvk canh gM+cM+krs gq, dgrk] ^yxh] blhfy, yxhA teknkj rqjr
a mls ,d FkIiM+ jlhn djrs gq, dgrk] ^,s lkyk] lkgc dk etkd
mM+krk gS\ ^n;koku ckjh lkgc brus ij gh ml canh dks izk;% NksM+ nsrsA dHkh os cgqr gh nzfor gq, rks mls brus ij u NksM+rs gq, ;g
vknsk nsdj pys tkrs fd ^bls ,d fnu ds fy, dksYgw isjus dk dke ns nksA*
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
117
pqVdh Hkj rackdw

,slh =kln fLFkfr esa ftu cafn;ksa ds fy, eykojks/k loZFkk vlaHko gks tkrk] os dksBjh esa gh Hkwfe ij kkSp dj ysrsA jkr Hkj vkB&nl
QhV dh ml dksBjh esa ey ds ikl fljgkuk djds lksus ds Ikpkr~ izkr%dky rkyk [kqyrs gh Hkaxh dh vuqu;fou; djrs&^rqEgsa
pksjh&pksjh pqVdh Hkj rackdw nwaxk] rqe pqipki eSyk lkQ dj nks* mlus ckr ekuh rks Bhd] vU;Fkk fdlh ds ikl rackdw gh ugha gksr h
rks og esgrj gks&gYyk epkdj teknkj ds dke Qwad nsrkA ;fn canhoku ykrksa&?kwalksa ls ekjus ;ksX; gks rks mldh /kqukbZ teknkj Lo;a
djrk] ;fn nafMr xqLlSy gS rks og mls ckjh lkgc ds lkeus [kM+k djrk vkSj ml ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k tkrkA fdlfy,\ rks ^dksBjh esa
xanxh Qsykus* ds vijk/k esaA ,d rks ;g caM nsdj fd ^vkjksih vius gkFkksa ls ey lkQ djs* mlls og dke djok;k tkrk vkSj
rhu&pkj fnu mls vM+xksM+s esa ;=a.kk nsus dk ;a=] ftleas iqjkus tekus esa vijkf/k;ksa ds gkFk&ikao dl fn, tkrs [kM+s jgus dk naM
fn;k tkrkA
iqu% vM+xksM+s esa [kMs+ jgus esa ey dk gh gha vfirq ew= dk Hkh pkj&pkj ikap&ikap ?kaVs vojks/k djuk iM+rkA izkr%dky Ng ls ysdj nl
cts rd vkSj vijk ckjg ls ikap cts rd gFkdfM+;ksa esa Vaxs [kM+s jguk iM+rk A ml le; kkSp ds fy, rks D;k] y?kqkadk ds fy, Hkh
ugha NksM+k tkrkA bl =kl dh ekj lHkh cafn;ksa ij ,d tSlh gksrh] ijraq jktcafn;ksa dks rks cgqr gh dVizn gksrk] D;kasfd mUgsa izk;% fnu
esa Hkh dksBjh esa ;k bekjr esa can j[kk tkrk] pkgs os dke djsa ;k u djsaA vr% u dsoy jkr esa] cfYd fnu esa Hkh mu ij ey&ew=
foltZu dh jksd yxkbZ tkrhA fu:ik; gks rc dksBjh vFkok bekjr esa pksjh&fNis Hkwfe vFkok Hkhr ij y?kqkadk djuh iM+rhA vU;
fuyZTt cafn;ksa dks bldk dksbZ lq[k&nq%[k ugha FkkA os rks yksxksa ds lkeus Hkh galrs&galrs lc dqN dj ysrsA ijarq jktcafn;ksa dks] tks
lH;&fkV tuksa esa iys&c<+s Fks&bl rjg djuk tc vfuok;Z gksrk rc mUgsa rhoz uSfrd osnuk Hkqxruh iM+rhA nsg/keZ dh uSfrd
vko;drk Hkh ml canhx`g esa ljdkjh vuqkklu ds fo:} ,d ?kksj vijk/k le>k tkrkA vPNk Hkkstu] vPNk oL=&ifj/kku rks nwj]
vle; kkSp yxus vFkok isV Qwyus ij vojks/k vlguh; gksus ls iwoZ gh y?kqkadk djuk Hkh foyklfiz; rk le>dj ml dBksj dkjkx`g
esa naMuh; ekuk tkrkA
vanekuh; uhfrkL=
bl izdkj ds vuqkklu ds dkj.k esjs T;sB ca/kq dks ^fNydk&ukfj;y dh tVk,a* dqVus dk] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] dke fn;k x;k
Fkk] ftlls mUgsa vkao
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
118
dk fodkj gks x;kA muds isV esa cgqr ihM+k gksrh] Hkkstu djrs&djrs th fepykrkA ijarq ,d ckj dksBjh can djus ij la/;k le; gh
[kqyrhA vU; cafn;ksa dks vkao vkfn fodkj gksus ij mUgsa :X.kky; Hkst fn;k tkrkA bl dkj.k os ey&ew= ;Fkkle; djus dk lq[k
vuqHko dj ldrs FksA ijarq jktcanh chekjh esa Hkh dksBjh esa gh can iM+s jgrsA mUgsa :X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrk] tc rd fcydqy
[kfV;k ugha idM+h rc rd( vkSj dksBjh esa Hkh chekjh esa tks ,d eVdk feyrk] og Hkh ^chekj* gh jgrkA jksx gn ls c<+ tkus ij gh
MkWDVj chekjh dk izek.k&i= nsrsA vr% jktcafn;ksa dks nsg/keZ ;Fkkolj iw.kZ u dj ldus ds dkj.k vl dV >syus iM+rsA vFkkZr~ es js
T;sB ca/kq vkao ds fodkj ls ihfM+r gSa] ;g ckr flikfg;ksa] teknkj rDkk MkWDVj ds dkuksa esa mrjus ds fy, Hkh nks&rhu fnu yx x,A
isV esa ihM+k gksdj nLr gksus yxsA ml ij Hkh canhx`g dk dPpk&iDdk pkoy [kkdj fNydk dwVrs gq, dksBjh esa can iM+s jgukA vr%
nksigj esa chp&chp esa nLr yxrs le; mldk vojks/k l gksus ij dksBjh esa gh nLR djus iM+rsA ijarq la/;k gksrs gh njoktk [kksyrs
le; ;g ckr izdV gksrh vkSj fxu&fxudj xkfy;ka [kkuh iM+rhA iwjs canhx`g esa mldh ppkZ djkdj iqu% naM hqxrus vFkok cykr~ og
eSyk Lo;a lkQ djus dk izlx
a Vkyus ds fy, ml dwM+s ds <sj esa nLr djrs vkSj ckgj dwM+k Qasdus ds fy, la/;k Ikpkr~ tc NksM+k
tkrk rc og eSyk pqipki Qasd nsrsA fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj ugha gksrhA dbZ ckj gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdkus ij isV dh ihM+k rFkk nLr
dk fodkj gksus ds ckotqn mUgsa jkr fnu oSls gh yVdk, j[kk tkrkA dbZ ckj ml le; [kM+s&[kMs+ gh nLr djrsA nksigj ckn y?kqkadk
yxrs gh dksBjh dh Hkhr ij dbZ canh iskkc dh /kjk NksMr
+ sA ;g ,d fnu vFkok ,d izlax dh ckr ugha Fkh] okksZa dh ckr FkhA ,slh gh
xanxh Hkjh dksBjh esa f?kukSuh nsgkoLFkk esa lksuk iM+rkA ew= dh Hkdkao Hkjh dksBjh esaA
pkSik;ksa dks Hkh dke esa tqVs gksus ij vFkok jkr&csjkr esa ;Fkklle; ey&ew= R;kx djus esa :dkoV Mkyuk wjrk le>h tkrh gSA ijarq
og O;fDr] tks jktuhfr vFkok jkT;kafr esa fgLlk ysrk gS] ikq dks izkIr Lok/khurk ds fy, Hkh vik= le>kk tkrk vkSj nksigj ckjg
ls Ng cts rd vkSj iwjh jkr ;g lqfo/kk izkIr djus dk lkgl djrk rks naM dk ik= gksrk& ;gh vanekuh; uhfrkkL= dk fu;e FkkA
vaneku ds canhx`g esa naMfoKku ds bl uhfrkkL= esa ifjorZu djus ds fy, dfeuj rd vkosnu&i= x,] ijarq ckjh lkgc dgrs]^;g
lc ljklj feF;k vkjksi gSA bl teknkj ls iwfN, rks lgh fd eSa dHkh bl rjg dh ihM+k nsrk gwa D;k\ ;s yksx esjh bPNk ds fo:}
bl rjg kM~;a= djrs gSa vkSj eq>ij feF;k vkjksi yxkrs gSaA ^dfeuj vkSj vU; vf/kdkjh /kedkrs] îqu% bl rjg feF;k vkjksi
yxk;k rks ltk Hkksxuh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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iM+sxhA rqe jktcanh gh O;FkZ gYyk epkrs gksA vU; ykssx D;kas ugha dgrs \* vU; yksxksa dks ;g vR;kpkj brus Hkqxrus ugha iM+rsA vkSj
Hkqxrus iM+rs Hkh rks mUgsa os l izrhr gksrs] lguh; u Hkh yxsa rks ykrksa&?kwalksa dh /kqukbZ rFkk dksYgw ds Hk; ls ckjh lkgc ds fo:} pwa
rd djus dh mudh fgEer ugha gksrhA
uSlfxZd fof/k dk vf/kdkj
vkf[kj kkSp vkSj y?kqkadk yxuk vFkok yxus ij mldk vojks/k vlaHko gksus ij mldh vuqrfe ekaxuk vuqkklu&Hkax vFkok vijk/k
ugha gS& ;g fufpr djus dk egoiw.kZ jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds fy, fganwLFkku ljdkj ds x`gea=h rd dks vkanksyu NsM+uk
iM+kA ;s lTtu ,d ckj vaneku esa Lo;a i/kkjs&og jkedgkuh vkxs vkusokyh gS& rc jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN tuksa us muds lkeus viuh
ckr dghA ckjh myV x;k vkSj cksyk] >wB cksyrs gSa ,d iatkch jktcanh unaxksiky us [kjh&[kjh lqukbZ] ^^nsf[k,] bl canhx`g dh
dksBfj;kas esa vki ,d ckj Lo;a pDdj yxkb,] ogka dh nhokjksa ds dksuksa dh nqxZ/k nsf[k,] rc vkidks irk pysxk fd vle; y?kakad k
yxus vFkok jkf= dks eVdk Hkj tkus ls cafn;ksa dks nhokj ij y?kqkadk djuh iM+rh gS ;k ughaA vkidh ukd gh gekjh lk{kh gSA** muds
bl cs/kM+d cksyus ds dkj.k ;|fi uanxksiky dks ^pqi jgks! Pqki jgks! Dgdj pqi fd;k x;k vkSj ckjh ds ikyrw jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks
tu bls vyhy ,ao vfkV ?kksfkr djus dh pkiywlh djus esa jkh Hkj ugha fgpfdpk,] rFkkfi x`gea=h us xqipqi ckjh ds dku mesBs
vkSj Hkfo; esa ;g f?kukSuk dV de gks x;kA okdbZ ;g bruk f?kukSuk] Hkn~nk dV Fkk fd viuh nsg ls Hkh ?k`.kk gksus yxrhA
^LokaxtqxIq lk ijSjlaxp* ds :i esa ;ksxlw= esa of.kZr lR; dh izR;{k vuqHkwfr gksus yxrhA Lo;a ml uanxksiky dks Hkh ,d ckj pkyh esa
dke djrs le; eykojks/k vlaHko gksus ij lHkh ds lkeus kkSp dk f?kukSuk izlax vk x;k Fkk] rks ^mlus tku&cq>dj ;g d`R; fd;k*
bl rjg mlds fo:} pqxyh [kkdj ckjh us mls vijk/kh ?kksfkr fd;k FkkA
izFke gM+rky
ukuk izdkj ds mu vR;kpkjksa dh ml le; mifLFkr jktcafn;ksa eas fofHkUu izdkj ls izfrf;k gqbZA izFker% lHkh dk mn~ns; ;g Fkk fd
;FkklaHko ;kruk,a >sydj ftruk gks lds mruk dke djsa vkSj dkjkxkj ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djsaA ijarq tc kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld
dV vl gksus yxs] rc lHkh ds lkeus ;g leL;k [kM+h gks xbZ fd ^ft,a ;k ejsa* A nwljksa dk vkxzg Fkk fd tks ladV ge vc rd
lgrs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
120
vk, gSa] ogh vkthou lgus gksaxsA mUgsa lgrs gq, thus ls rks vPNk gS fd yM+rs&yM+rs ej tk,aA
bl Hk;adj leL;k dk] tks ml voLFkk esa rkfod :i ls ugha vfirq izfr iy izR;{k lkeus [kM+h jgrh Fkh] jktcafn;ksa ds nks Nksjksa ij
nks fo:} fnkkvksa dk ifj.kke izR;{k gks x;kA ,d fljs ij] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] dqN yksxkas dk ekufld vkSj uSfrd /kS ;Z
tokc ns pqdk Fkk vkSj mudk :>ku bl vksj Fkk fd ;sudsu izdkjs.k vf/kdkfj;ksa dh euqgkj djds tSls&rSls bu dVksa ls cpk tk,A
blds foijhr nwljs fljs ds vU; ;qodksa dh rstfLork] tks chp esa dqN fnu ds fy, ;krukvksa ds dj.k nc xbZ Fkh] ijarq ;krukvksa rFkk
vR;kpkjksa dk vfrjsd gksrs gh iqu% fdlh uhps ncs izTofyr iksr dh rjg mQudj rhoz vkosx ds lkFk mHkjdj mksftr djus yxh]
êjks] ijarq vieku er lgukA ejks] ij ;FkklaHko la?kkZ djrs&djrs ejksA* muls tks chp dh eukso`fk;kas ds Fks] muds foosd us dgk]
^ft;ks! Tkcrd vius /;s; ds fo:} rqEgkjk thuk ugha gksrk rcrd ;FkklaHko jktuhfr ds vkJ; ds lkFk ft;ksA gka] ;fn /;s; ds
fo:} /;s; dh vafre gkfu djds gh thuk vfuok;Z gks rks Rofjr izk.k R;kx djksA*
ihNs crk;k x;k gS fd ftudh izo`fk ;sudsu izdkjs.k thfor jgus ds fy, mdlk jgh Fkh] mUgksaus fdl orZu e dk vkJ; fy;kA
yM+rs&yM+rs ejks vFkok ft;ks] bu mHk; i{kksa ds yksxksa us laxfBr gksdj r; fd;k fd vkf[kj mUgsa tks ;a=uk,a >syuh iM+rh gSa mudk
izfrdkj u lgh] izfrks/k ds :i esa dBksj ifjJe ds dke os ugha djsaxAs ;g fup; loZizFke rc O;Dr gqvk tc gM+rky FkhA bldk
Lo:i NksVk Fkk] ijarq canhx`g esa vkSj ckjh lkgc dh Nkrh ij vkilh ,drk ls gM+rky djuk bruh lkgliw.kZ ckr ekuh xbZ fd mu
bus&fxus yksxksa ds laxfBr :i esa dke djus ds fy, vaxwBk fn[kkrs gh lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa esa ekufld [kycyh ep xbZA mlh rjg ;g
lkspdj fd viuh kfDr ,oa vf/kdkj dks uhpk fn[kk;k x;k gS] og canhiky ckS[kyk x;k A cspkjk Hkksyk ckjh! Hkyk dSls le>sxk fd
;g gM+rky] ;g vieku dqN Hkh ugha gS] vkxs pydj vHkh mldks ,slh fdruh gM+rkysa vkSj vieku ns[kus gSaA
iksVZ Cysvj dk bZoj

ckjh lkgc vU; cafn;ksa ls vkSj dHkh&dHkh jktcafn;ksa ls Hkh viuk lqfo[;kr eksVk lksVk /kM+ke ls iVddj dgrk] ^ns[kks js] lkyk yksx!
lkyk yksx ckjh lkgc
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
121
dh Hkkkk esa canhoku oxZ dk tkfrokpd uke gksrk FkkA nqfu;k esa ,d ijesoj dk okl gS] og vkdkk esa jgrk gSA ijarq iksVZ Cys vj esa
nks&nks bZoj jgrs gSaA ,d vkdkk esa vkSj ,d i`Foh ij! vkSj] i`Foh ij jgusokyk iksVZ Cysvj dk ijesoj eSa gwaA ij dk bZoj rqEgsa
ij Qy nsxkA ij eSa] iksVZ Cysvj dk bZoj rqe yksxksa dks b/kj&dk&m/kj gh Qy nwaxkA lh/ks jkLrs ij pyukA ;kn j[kks&Hkys gh rq e
yksx esjs fdlh ofjB vf/kdkjh ds ikl&BsB fnYyh ds ykV lkgc ds ikl pys vkSj gesa ;g fn[kkdj fd lHkh tks eSa dgwaxkA* ,d ckj
ge yksxksa dks etk p[kkus ds fy, vkSj gesa ;g fn[kkdj fd lHkh canh mlls fdrus Hk;Hkhr gSa& ge ij flDdk tekus dh lqIr bPNk ls
mlus lHkh cafn;ksa dh nks&nks dh yach iafDr;ka cSBkdj isVh vQljksa vkSj lSfud teknkjksa dh mifLFkfr esa Hkh ,dne Hkhrj ?kqldj iwNk]
^^D;ksa cs isVh vQlj] vHkh fnu gS ;k jkr\** ml ukSflf[k;k vf/kdkjh us] tks Lo;a canh gh Fkk vkSj vHkh&vHkh ftls rjDdh feyh Fkh]
dgk]^^fnu gS gqtwj!** ckjh lkgc ,dne fcxM+dj cksyk]&^ûk&uk] jkr gSA** isVh vQlj us dgk]^^ fnu gSA** cl] ckjh lkgc dk ikjk
lkrosa vkleku ij p<+ x;k vkSj og vius iqjkus eqjCch teknkj dh vksj eqM+dj tksj ls fpa?kkM+k] ^^D;ksa cs teknkj] vc fnu gS ;k
jkr\ gesa rks lkQ&lkQ jkr fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA** teknkj us dgk]^^th gqtwj] vc rks lkQ jkr gks xbZ gSA** rc ckjh lkgc us rfud
pqHkrs gq, Loj esa rkuk ekjk] ^^rqeus rks Bhd dgk] ijarq ;g lp Hkh lkQ gqvk fd rqe u, isVh vQlj dks Bhd&Bhd fk{kk ugha ns
jgs gksA ;kn j[kks] vkbank ,slk dqN gks x;k rks a a a aA** dksbZ Hkh u;k&u;k isVh vQlj cu tkrk rks ;s wj iBku teknkj mls ckjh
ckck dh th&gqtwjh djus dk] mudh gka esa gka feykus dk dM+k vknsk nsrsA
reke canhx.k vkt rd ftlds dkj.k Fkj&Fkj dkairs Fks] ogh ckjh jktdh; cafn;ksa }kjk fd, x, vius vf/kdkjksa ds bl NksVs ls
vieku ls cqjh rjg fp<+ x;k rks blesa dksbZ vkp;Z ughaA ml le; rd jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh iBku vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk og vyhy
xkfy;ka fnykrk vkSj ;fn dke iwjk u gks ;k fQj jktcanh ,d&nwljs ls ckrphr djrs gq, idM+s x,] rks Hkh os iBku okWMZj vFkok isVh
vQlj mUgsa djkjk >kkiM+ jlhn djrsA ;g ckr crkus ij HKh og gal iM+rk] u fd ksf/kr gksrkA ijarq ogh jktcanh vc brus ksj
cu x, fd xkyh rks xkyh] ,d&nks tuksa us FkIiM+ ekjuk Hkh vkjaHk dj fn;kA mUgksaus dke djus ls bUdkj djus esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA
muesa ls ,d&nks tuksa us ckjh dh nqxZr cukus dk chM+k mBk;kA
mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d gh jatd ?kVuk lqukrk gwaA Jh;qr~ uanxksiky dks nl okZ ds fy, dkysikuh dk naM feyk FkkA os iatkc fLFkr ,d vR;ar
lH;&lqkhy ?kjkus ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
122
fkf{kr ,oa vR;ar ikiHkh: lTtu FksA mUgsa igyh ckj tc dksYgw isjus dk dke fn;k x;k rc os izkr%dky ds le; dksBjh esa x,A
yxHkx nl cts rd /khjs&/khjs mruk dke fuiVk;k ftruk muls cu iM+kA Hkkstu dh ?kaVh ctrs gh uanxksiky29 uhps mrjsA dksYgw ls
tqM+s gq, canh dks] tc rd og viuk dke iwjk ugha djrk rc rd] Luku Hkkstu vkfn vko;d dk;Z Bhd&Bkd rks D;k] FkksMk+ Hkh ugha
djus nsrsA ijarq bu egkk; dks blls D;k\ os vkjke ls Luku ds gkSt ij tkrs] vPNh rjg ls kjhj dks ey&eydj Luku djrs]
mlds Ikpkr~ Hkkstu ds fy, ps tkrsA rc ekj&ihVdj isVh vQlj mUgsa iqu% dke esa tqVk pqdrs FksA bu egkk; dks Hkh Hkjiwj xkfy;ksa
dk Hkkstu feyrkA ijarq os ml ij dku rd u nsrs gq, ,sls BkB ls Hkkstu djus esa yhu jgrs tSls og xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj fdlh vkSj
ij gks jgh gS] u fd muijA okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj xkfy;ka cdrs gq, muds ihNs iM+rs] ^pyks&pyks] dke rqEgkjk a a a adjsxk
bR;kfn&bR;kfnA var esa Fkddkj os goynkj dks cqykrsA goynkj Hkh le>kus dk iz;kl djrkA ;s egkk; cM+h kkafr ls mldks gh
le>krs] ^^ns[kks HkkbZ] izR;sd xzkl Bhd rjg ls pckdj fuxyus ls gh lgh&lgh iprk gSA gM+cM+h esa [kkus ls isV [kjkc gksrk gSA**
goynkj gkjdj ckjh dks ys vk;kA tsy esa ;g lekpkj vkrs gh fd ^ckjh vk jgk gS* ,slk gM+dai epk tSls Hkwpky vk;k gks ;k tSls
dksbZ igkM+ VwV iM+k gksA lkjs ?kcjk,] ijarq os mlh rjg bRehuku ds lkFk Hkkstu djrs jgsA ckjh rko [kkrs gq, >Yyk;k] ^^lkjs canh
dke ij pys x,A rw ckthjko gS D;k] tks vHkh rd Hkkstu dj jgk gS \ dke dkSu iwjk djsxk\ ;kn j[k] gM~Mh uje dj nwaxkA**
Jhekuth dkSj pckrs eqLdjrs gq, dgus yxs] ^êSa D;k ;wa gh gkFk ij gkFk /kjs fuBYyk cSBk gwa\ oS|dh; kkL= ds vuqlkj izR;sd xzkl
de&ls&de nl ckj pckuk pkfg,A okLro esa eq[k ls gh ikpu f;k dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA** ;g oS|d kkL=h; er lqudj ckjh dh
ks/kkfXu esa tSls ?kh iM+ x;kA eaqg fcpdkrs gq, ngkM+kA ^^Bgj tk] rqEgkjs bl vfu;fer csdk;nk O;ogkj ij dy vfHk;ksx pykaxkA**
Jhekuth us dgk] ^^nl ls ckjg cts rd ljdkj ls izkIr NqV~Vh ds le; vki bu vui<+ cafn;ksa dks dke ij yxk, gq, gks] D;k ;g
fu;e fo:} ugha gS\** ckjh eu&gh&eu pkSad iM+kA og nl ls ckjg dh NqV~Vh esa Hkh fu;e ds fo:} tsy esa dke djokrk jgrk FkkA
var esa ^rqe pkgs ftruh tqxkh djrs jgks] ijarq ;fn la/;k gksrs rd dke iwjk ugha fd;k rks casr ls rqEgkjh ihB dh [kky m/ksM+ nwaxk*&bl
rjg mls /kedkrs gq, vkSj lHkh cafn;ksa ds lkeus viuh vkKk dk vieku djus ij Hkh vU; dSfn;ksa dh
29
budk uke Hkh uanxksiky Fkk&misanzukFk canksik/;k; ds vuqHko&^dkjkokl dh dgkuh*] izdkkd jktLFkku ,tsalh] dydkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
123
rjg mldh rRdky /kqukbZ ugha dj ldk] blds vieku ls yky&ihyk gksrs gq, gkFk eyrk] iSj iVdrk ckjh okil pyk x;kA
oS|d kkL= dk ,d vkSj ize;
s
b/kj Jheku dk tSls&rSls Hkkstu fuiVkA isVh vQlj] goynkj] okWMZj lHkh dh tku esa tku vkbZA mUgksaus mUgsa dksBjh esa ykdj dksYgw
isjus ds fy, can fd;kA muls izkFkZuk Hkh dh fd vc rks oS|d kkL=kuqlkj Hkkstu lekIr gksus ij dldj dke djksA ;g er Hkwyuk
fd cafn;ksa dk dke v/kwjk jgus ij ckjh izFker% isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZjksa dks gh vkM+s gkFk ysrk gSA mls iqpdkjrs gq, os vxys cafn;ksa
dks xkfy;ka nsrs gq, vkxs c<+ x,A FkksMh+ rks egkk; ,d dacy fcNkdj ml ij viuh yach&pkSM+h nsg ;Fkklq[k ilkjdj nwljk dacy
vks<+s [kjkZVs Hkj jgs gSaA fp<+dj xkyh cdrk isVh vQlj ngkM+k] ^^ ,s kSrku! vcs rq>s gks D;k x;kA vc rks mBA** Jheku us vka[ksa
[kksyhA gkFk ls /khjs ls ladsr fd;k] ^kksj er djksA* fQj eqag ls] ^^teknkj] Hkkstu ls fuiVrs gh dksYgw pykus yxwa rks lkjs [kk, gq,
vUu dk ikpu ugha gksxkA oS|d kkL= dk ,d vkSj izesg gS fd Hkkstu ds Ikpkr~ rfud ckbZa djoV ls foJke djsaA
esjh ukuh Hkh ;gh dgk djrh FkhaA** lHkh can galrs&galrs yksViksV gks x,A teknkj dk ikjk p<+ x;kA ijarq dksBjh [kksydj Jheku us
rsy dk vk/kk dksVk&inazg ikSaM iwjk fd;kA okLro esa fnu Hkj dystk rksM+dj ifjJe djus ij Hkh vU; dSfn;ksa ls bruk rsy fudkyuk
vlaHko Fkk] ijarq Jhekuth dk kjhj gV~Vk&dV~V] lqn`<+ FkkA ikBdksa us bl >ydh ls Hkkai fy;k gksxk fd budk eu dSlk FkkA var es a
mUgsa dke de djus ds fy, naM fn;k x;k] de Hkkstu fn;k x;kA vkf[kj lqifjVsaMsaV us ;g vuqca/k fd;k fd rhu fnu iwjk dke djsaxs
rks vkidks dksYgw ls gVk nsaxAs mlds vuqlkj Jheku us oS|d kkL=h; fu;e dks mrus le; rd vkys ij j[kdj rhu fnu iwjk dke
fd;kA ijarq mUgsa bruk >qdrs gq, ns[kdj ckjh us rksrs dh rjg vka[ksa Qsjha vkSj vuqca/k rksM+dj mUgsa fQj dksYgw ij HkstkA mUgksaus
eqagrksM+ mkj fn;] ^^dke ugha djsaxAs ge cSy ugha] euq; gSaA** ;gha ls izFke gM+rky dk Jhx.ksk gks x;kA jktcafn;ksa dh iqu % n`fV
cnyus rFkk mUgsa gM+rky rd vkrs ns[kdj ckjh Hkh eu&gh&eu pkSad iM+kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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tks jktcanh gM+rky esa kkfey gks x, mu ij naMksa dh Hkjekj gksus yxhA vkB fnu gFkdM+h&csM+h] dksBjh canh vkfn fu;ekarxZr naM rks
fn, gh x,] fu;e fo:} naM Hkh fn, x,A mi;qZDr Jheku ln`k tks fuHkhZdrkiwoZd O;ogkj djrs] mudk ?keaM pwj&pwj djus ds fy,
mUgsa nl&nl] ckjg&ckjg fnu dkath ds vfrfjDr vU; dqN [kkus ds fy, ugha fn;k x;kA ijarq bl vkkk ls fd bl rjg ek=
nks&rhu fnu ckj fn, x, ekaM+ ij jgdj mudh kfDr {kh.k gks tk,xh vkSj eukscy VwV tk,xk] ;g naM fn;k tkrk] ij fdlh canh ds
naM&i=d ds vk/kkj ij ckjh us ;g vkjksi ljklj feF;k fl} fd;k vkSj mu vf/kdkfj;ksa us mls eku fy;kA eq>s bu lgcafn;ksa us
kiFkiwoZd dgk Fkk fd ,d vksj mUgsa ml ekaM+ ij j[kk tkrk] nwljh vksj ;fn fojks/k fd;k x;k rks dks;usy ds ?kawV muds xys esa maMys
tkrsA mlls pDdj vk tkrk] isV esa rh[kh tyu gksus ls cgqr vf/kd dV gksrkA ijarq bu lkjs vR;kpkjksa ds lkeus gM+rkyokyksa us
gfFk;kj ugha MkysA bruk gh ugha] ;g tkudj fd bu cafn;ksa dk n`<+ laxBu gS vkSj mudk /kS;sZ ns[kdj vU; cafn;ksa ij Hkh ckjh dk
tks vekuqfkd ncnck Fkk og mM+u&Nw gks jgk gS] mUgsa ;g vkoklu fn;k x;k fd vc rqEgsa dksYgw ij ugha Hkstk tk,xkA bruk gh ugha
vfirq vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg rqe yksxksa dks Hkh dkjkx`g ds ckgj ds canh tks tkudkjh nsrs] mlls Kkr Fkk fd ckgj izpqj ek=k esa
Lora=rk gSA blds vfrfjDr ,d ckj vius ckgj fudyus ds vf/kdkj ij eksgj yxokbZ tk, rks fQj mlds vuqkax ls ikap okksZa ds
Ikpkr~ Lora= dke djus dk vkSj bl okksZa ds Ikpkr~ ^fVdV* ysdj ?kj clkus dk vf/kdkj izkIr djus dk izlxa vk,xk&;g tkudj
jktcafn;ksa dh mRdV bPNk Fkh fd fdlh izdkj ;gka ls ckgj fudysa& rc ;g lqudj fd de&ls&de dqN yksxksa dks ,d okZ dkjkx`gokl
iwjk djus ls fu;ekuqlkj ckgj NksM+k tk,xk] yksxksa us Hkkai fy;k fd gM+rky dk mn~ns; lQy gks x;k vkSj ,d&,d djds gM+rky ls
gVdj os dke ij tkus yxsA pan gh fnuksa esa dqN yksxksa dks ckgj fudkyk x;kA [kkM+h esa Nkrh] tkaW?kksa rd dhpM+ esa mrjdj dhpM+
Hkjuk] lM+d cqgkjuk] ukfj;y <ksuk bl rjg ds dke mUgsa fn, x,A dbZ yksxksa dks xkM+h esa tksrk x;kA
vaneku esa xkM+h esa ljdkjh vf/kdkjh cSBrs gSa vkSj mls [khapus ds fy, cSy&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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?kksMs+ vkfn ikqvksa dks tksrus ls tks O;; gksrk] mls cpkus ds fy, cafn;ksa dks tksrk tkrkA yxkrkj Hkkxrs vkSj cM+h&cM+h p<+ kbZ ls
gkWaQrs&gkaWQrs xkM+h [khaprs vkSj ij ls xkfy;ka [kkrs canh vkrs&tkrs fn[kkbZ nsrsA eSa ,sls ,d&nks vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tkurk gwa tks
bl jhfr dks ukilan djrs gq, cafn;ksa ls xkM+h ugha f[kapokrs FksA ijarq ,sls fdlh canh dks ugha tkurk tks xkM+h [khapus ds fy, lkQ euk
djrkA rFkkfi ckjh dh dqkkxz u lgh ijarq eksVh cqf} us og Hkh lHkh dks fn[kk;kA lqifjaVsaMsaV ds eu ij ;g vafdr djus ds fy, fd
jktcanh fdrus minzoh] ftn~nh gSa] ckjh us goynkj dks lwpuk nh Fkh fd muesa ls ,d&nks vfhkekuh rFkk fuHkhZd yksxksa dk ckgj fudkyrs
gh xkM+h esa tksrk tk,A vFkkZr~ xkM+h [khapus dk vknsk nsrs gh mu fuMj yksxksa us Vdk lk tokc ns fn;k fd ge cSy ugha tks euq;ksa dh
xkM+h [khapsA ckjh us rikd ls lqifjaVsMasV ls dgk] ^^ns[kk] fdrus cnekk gSa ;s yksxA dkjkx`g esa budh jV Fkh ge dksYgw ugha isjasxsA vc
bUgsa ckgj fudkyk rks dgrs gSa xkM+h ugha [khapsxasA vc vki gh crkb,] bu lH; yksxksa ds fy, eSa ,slk dke dgka ls yka ftleas dksbZ
nksk ugha gks vkSj ;fn bUgsa budh fkdk;rksa dks lqudj eSa fdlh vU; lqyHk vFkok fkV dk;Z ij yxka rks vU; cafn;ksa dh n`fV esa
i{kikrh gksdj nkskh ugha dgykaxk\
ikiHkh: ckjh lkgc
ijarq ;gh ckjh lkgc ;fn mudk eu djs rks ftu cafn;ksa ds fy, dkyk v{kj HkSal cjkcj gS] mUgsa dpgjh esa] viuh dksBh ij Hkh
vkjke ds dke ns nssrs] Hkys gh os Mkdw D;ksa u gksaA bruk gh ugha] bu jktcafn;ksa esa HKh tks muds fiNyXxw Fks vkSj gka th] gka th djrs
Fks] muds dsoy gkFk ij gkFk /kjs fuBYys cSBus dh xqipqi vkKk Hkh ckjh lkgc ns nsrs FksA blesa mUgsa i{kikr dk jkh Hkj Hkh Hk; ugha
yxrkA ckjh lkgc dh i{kikr dh O;k[;k Fkh fd ftlds ;ksx ls muds i{k dk ikr vFkkZr~ iru gksus dh vkkadk gksrh] mls i{kikr
dgk tkrk FkkA
ftl le; eSa tsy esa igqapk Fkk ml le; rd ds jktcafn;ksa ds dPps fpV~Bs dk lkjkak ij fn;k x;k gSA lkjk o`kkar esjs vkus ds
eghus Hkj ds vanj&ckgj gh eq>s lwfpr fd;k x;kA jktcafn;ksa esa dqN yksx lPps eu ls gM+rky uhfr ds fo:} FksA dq N yksxksa us ^ckjh
okD; izek.k* dk ozr Lohdkj fd;k gqvk FkkA muds }kjk jktcafn;ksa esa QwV dh rFkk mu yksxksa dh] ftUgkasus vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xkyh ij
xkyh] m}r O;ogkj ij m}r O;ogkj] bl rjg bZaV dk tokc iRFkj ls nsuk vkjaHk fd;k gS] ;g fdruh ccZjrk] vlH;rk gS ] vkfn
ckrsa djuk vkjaHk fd;kA vFkkZr~ bl fok; ij esjk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vfHkizk; tkuus ds fy, jktcanh gh ugha vfirq ckjh dk Hkh ,M+h&pksVh ,d djuk LokHkkfod FkkA yxHkx nl&ianzg fnuksa rd eq>s ij
gh can j[kus ds ckn uhps dh bekjr esa fnu esa dke djus ds fy, yk;k x;k vkSj izFker% eq>s iwoZof.kZr fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k
x;kA okLro esa fNydk nsk vFkok Ms<+ ikSaM fn;k tkrk FkkA ijarq izFker% eq>s ,d ikSaM fn;k x;kA ckjh us esjh ;ksX;rk ij ,d pkkuh
esa ixk Hkkk.k nsrs gq, dgk& ;g eq> ij foksk dìk gSA ;|fi ;g n;kkhyrk gS rFkkfi ml n;k] d:.kk esa bruh e`nqrk vlaHko gS tks
esjs gkFkksa esa mu lw[kh&:[kh tVk,a e[key tSlh uje eqyk;e cu tk,aA mUgsa dwV&dwVdj esjs gkFk fNYk x,] Luk;qvksa esa lwtu vkus ls
muesa ihM+k gksus yxh] gFksfy;ksa ij cM+s&cM+s QksM+s mHkjus yxs vkSj ,sls gh dwVrs jgus ds dkj.k [kwu cgus yxkA eSaus lqifjaVsaMasV dks gkFk
fn[kkdj dgk] ^^D;k dke esa ifjorZu ugha gks ldrk\ de&ls&de dqN fnuksa ds fy, rks dke can gks tk,A** mUgksaus cl ,d gh okD;
esa mkj fn;k] ^^lHkh dh ;gh gkyr gksrh gSA vkidks rks cl ,d gh ikSaM fNydk fn;kA ;gh ljdkjh dìk lef>, fd nks ikSaM ugha
fn;kA bruk dgdj os pyrs cusA vFkkZr~ mlh voLFkk esa fNydk dwVuk iM+kA dwVh gqbZ rFkk ca/kh gqbZ tVkvksa dh xf;ksa ij dbZ ckj
ygw dh cwanas VidrhA ijarq ;g ns[kus dh /kka/kyh esa fd og ikSaM Hkj gS ;k ugha] ckjh lkgc dks ;g ns[kus dh Qqjlr gh dgka Fkh fd os
xf;ka dwVus ds ygw lus gkFk ns[krsA
lkyk yksx! Cksar yxkosaxs
rFkkfi fuR; gh kke dks vkdj ckjh lkgc eq>ls nl&ikap feuV vaxszth esa okkkZyki fd, fcuk ugha jgrsA kh?kZ gh mudh ckrksa eas ogka
ds jktcafn;ksa ds O;ogkj dk mYys[k gksus yxkA ,d jktcanh dh u dsoy tkudkjh oju~ iz.kke Hkh nwljs rd igqapkus ds fy, vU; yksxksa
dks dM+k fuks/k fd;k tkrk vkSj vijk/k esa ;fn dksbZ jaxs gkFk idM+k x;k rks mldh okWMZjh fudkyh tkrh vFkok vkB fnu ds fy, mls
dksYgw ij Hkstk tkrkA ijarq mlh jktcanh dk lkjk dPpk fpV~Bk ckjh lkgc vU; yksxksa rd fdlh Hkh rjg ls igqapk nsrs FksA fdlh Hkh
rjg ls dk vfHkizk; gS fd ftl ;ksx ls muesa QwV Mkyh tk lds] ml rjg ls ckjh lkgc tkurs Fks fd mUgksaus Hkys gh yk[k gFkdaMs
pyk,] eq>s jktcafn;ksa dk iwoZ bfrgkl Kkr gks pqdk gSA vr% bl mn~ns; ls ckjh lkgc eq>s tkudkjh nsrs] rkfd os viuk i{k fl}
dj ldsaA blesa mudh iz/kku jVar ;g gksrh Fkh fd tks yksx muds fiNyXxw Fks] mudh Hkjiwj izkalk djds vkSj gM+rky esa fgLlk u
ysdj dkjkx`g esa Hkh Lo;a dks O;FkZ vieku vFkok xkyh&xykSt ls cpkrs gq, vf/kdkfj;ksa ls fuHkhZdrkiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA mudh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
127
Hkjiwj fuank vkSj og vge ckr tks bu nks mn~ns;ksa ls vuqekfur gksrh] og eq>s ;g LiV lqukuk fd esjs tSls fkf{kr ,ao [;kruke
O;fDr dks mu ew[kZ] xaokj rFkk vfkV yksxksa ds tky esa ugha Qaluk pkfg,A blh esa esjk dY;k.k gSA bl rjg ds laokn esa] tks nh?kZ
dky rd tkjh jgk Fkk] eSaus ;FkklaHko eqag can j[kkA ijarq dHkh&dHkh vius cka/koksa dh fcuk fdlh dìk izkIr djuk] eqag ns[kh djds gka
esa gka feykuk esjs fy, vlguh; gksrk vkSj ek= ekSu j[kus ij larqV u gksdj ckjh iwNrk jgrk] ^vkidh D;k jk; gS\ crkb,] crkb,
u!* ,d gh mnkgj.k nsuk gks rks bruk dgdj fd ihNs ftu Jhekuth dh eSaus tkudkjh nh] mudk gM+rky&dkyhu eqagrksM+ vkpj.k
vfkVrk Fkh] ckjh lkgc ckj&ckj eq>s vuqjks/kiwoZd ;gh trkus yxs fd og ikxy gks x;k Fkk] og ghudqyhu euq; gSA bruk gh ugha]
ykyp fn[kkdj eq>ls dgus yxs] ^^vkids tSls i<+s&fy[ks fkf{kr O;fDr dh bl ckjs esa jk; lquus dh esjh bPNk gSA crkb,] ikxy gqg
fcuk Hkyk dksbZ bl rjg dk vkpj.k dj ldrk gS\**
ckjh jfpr ukVd
rc lcdqN vlguh; ekurs gq, eSaus lkQ dj fn;k] ^^;|fi eq>ls vkids of.kZr jktcafn;ksa esa ls fdlh dk ifjp; ugha gqvk gS] rFkkfi
vkids crk, gq, o`kkar ls Hkh mlesa eq>s jkh Hkj efrHkzVrk vFkok vLkH;rk ugha fn[krhA dV vlguh; gksus ij vFkok vf/kdkfj;ks a
dh fu;e fo:} ;a=ukvksa ij jktcanh gh ugha] vU; cafn;ksa dks Hkh gM+rky }kjk mudk izfrks/k djus ds vfrfjDr lgtrkiwoZd vU;
dkSu lk ekxZ feysxk\ vki pkgs dqN Hkh dgks] ;s Jheku vPNs&[kkls dqyhu izrhr gks jgs gSaA os dksbZ dkab;ka ;k dye f?klusokys DydZ
jksx vkSj DykWdZ fcydqy ugha gSaA esjk mkj lqudj ckjh lkgc yky&ihys gks x,A ijarq tSls&rSls ml fnu dk Hkkk.k lekIr djds
eq>s IkzHkkfor djus ds fy, mUgksaus nwljs fnu ,d nwljk gh ukVd djok;kA ftu jktcafn;ksa dks ckgj dke ij Hkstk tkrk] os yxHkx
X;kjg cts Hkkstu ds fy, fQj canhx`g esa vk, gq, FksA mUgsa Hkkstu ds fy, ogha cqyk;k x;k tgka eSa Hkkstu dj jgk FkkA mUgksaus iwjh
rjg ls Luku ugha fd;k FkkA muds diM+s rFkk kjhj dhpM+ Hkjh Vksdfj;ka <ks&<ksdj xans] eSys&dqpSys gks x, FksA mUgas oSls gh [kM+k fd;k
x;kA brus esa ckjh lkgc ogka i/kkjs vkSj esjh vksj mn~naMrkiwoZd ihB djds rSk esa lksVh iVdrs gq, ml Vksyh ij cjl iM+s] ^^D;ksa os
lkys] vkt rqeus dhpM+ Hkjh mruh Vksdfj;ka D;ksa ugha Qasdh ftruh teknkj us Qasdus ds fy, dgk Fkk\ ;kn j[kks] rqEgkjh gM~Mh&gM~Mh
rksM+ MkywaxkA gka] ns[kks teknkj] vkt nksigj esa Hkh ;s
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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yksx lc dke ugha djsa rks bUgsa esjs lkeus ys vkvksA bu lkys yksxksa dks casr yxkdj budh a a a aQkM+ Mkyuh iM+sxhA**
bl rjg d vyhy Hkkkk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, mUgksaus esjh rjQ eqM+dj ,sls ns[kk tSls eq>s mUgksaus vHkh&vHkh ns[kk gSA fQj og canhiky
dgus yxk] ^^ns[kks lkojdj] buds cgdkos esa er vkukA ;s lkys nks Vds ds yksx gSaA vki i<+s&fy[ks gSaA budk D;k\ vkB&nl cjl
dkVdj ?kj pys tk,axsA vkidk ,slk ughaA vkidks ipkl cjl dk caM gS vkSj vki jktcanh ughaA vr% buls cksy&pky j[kus ij Hkh
vkidks ?kkVk mBkuk iM+sxkA vki cl vius fVdV dh vksj canh i=] ftlesa eq>s ipkl okksZa dk naM fn;k x;k Fkk ns[kdj viuh gh
fpark dhft,A vkius ;g lc lqu fy;k u!**
vki jktcanh ugha gSa
ijarq eSa ml izu dks vuqkfjr j[k ks/kkfoV Hkko ls Hkkstu djrk jgkA ;g ns[kdj rfud f[kfl;krs gq, ckjh lkgc cksys] ^^ns[kks]
blh esa vkidh HkykbZ gSA vki jktcanh ugha] vki vU; pksj&mpDdksa dh rjg ,d lk/kkj.k vijk/kh gSaA** bl rjg eq>s iqu%&iqu% lpsr
djrs gq, pyrs cusA ml fnu igyh ckj eq>s Kkr gqvk fd eSa jktcanh ugha gwaA bl rF; dks esjs xys mrkjus ds fy, fdruh ckj ckjh]
lqifjaVsaMsaV rFkk vU; ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa us bls jVk gksxk] bldh dksbZ fxurh gh ughaA
ckjh lkgc pys x,A esjs lkeus jktcafn;ksa dks /kedkus dk mudk mn~ns; ;g Fkk fd eq>s Hkh blh rjg xkyh&xykSt] /kedh rFkk
ekjihV dk lkeuk djuk gksxk] ;g lkspdj eSa nc tkaxkA gka] blhfy, ckjhus ;g izR;{k n`;&ikB dk mnkgj.k esjs lkeus j[kk FkkA
;g ns[kdj eq> mu jktcafn;ksa ij n;k vk xbZA ;g Hkh Kkr gks x;k fd eq>s Hkh nq%[kksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxk] ijarq mldh ifj.kfr
nCcw cuus esa ugha gqbZ blds foijhr eq>s ,slk izrhr gqvk fd muds lkFk bl vieku dks lgus dh ckjh eq>ij vk tk,] ftlls bu
yksxksa dks fuBYys] xqaMs vkfn rkus ekjs tk,a] rc ;g tkudj fd eSa Hkh mu fHk[kkjh] vui<+ksa dh gh iafDr esa gwa] mudk ekufld nq%[k
gydk gksxk vkSj os lkjs rkus] mykgus mlls Hkh O;FkZ fl} gkssaxsA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd muls laHkkk.k djus ls eq>s naM feysxk] mu
rVLFk jktcafn;ksa ls izFke ckj eSaus izR;{k HksaV dh Fkh] vkSj eSaus vkxs c<+dj muls muds uke iwNsA muds mrjs gq, psgjs ns[kdj eSaus
dgk] ^^ca/kq] vki eu esa blfy, ladksp er djuk vkSj u gh viuk /khjt [kks nsuk fd esjs lkeus canhiky us vkids fy, vyhy
Hkkkk dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA vkt og vkidks daxys] vksNs dg jgs gSa] dy eq>s Hkh dgasxsA ;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vkidk vieku ugha gS] tks vkidks bl rjg ds nq%kCn dgrk gS] og vius vkidk gh vieku djokrk gSA vkt ge vok gSaA vkt
txr~ esa gekjk vieku gks jgk gS] ijarq ,d fnu dnkfpr~ ,slk gh vk,xk fd vaneku ds bl dkjkxkj esa jktcafn;ksa ds iqrys [kM+s gksaxs
vkSj gtkjksa yksx bls rhFkZ {ks= ekudj bldh ;k=k djsaxs fd ;gka ij fganqLFkku ds jktcanh jgrs FksA 30
mu dV ihfM+Rk la=Lr ca/kqvksa esa ls fdlh ds Hkh iYys esjs bl Hkkk.k dk iwjk vFkZ ugha iM+kA de&ls&de bu fopkjksa dks iznfkZr djrs
le; esjs vius eu esa ftl rst dk lapkj gqvk rFkk fujkkk [kRe gksrh gqbZ yxhA oSls Hkko mudh eqnzk ls izdV gksrs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha
fn,A dsoy ,d tu us rfud pkSaddj dgk] ^^D;k vki lR; gh ,slk lksprs gSa \** eSaus dgk] ^^dnkfpr~ ,slk gksxk HkhA de&ls&de gksuk
pkfg,A** brus esa isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZj fpYykrs gq, vk, vkSj ^vkB ckcw] rqEgsa D;k gks x;k gSA vkidks buls ckr djrs gq, ckjh us
ns[k fy;k rks og gekjh tku ys ysxkA pyks] ge vkidk vknj djrs gSa ijarq ;fn ,slk djsaxs rks ns[kks! dgrs gq, eq>s ?klhVrs gq,
mUgksasus dksBjh esa can fd;kA
30
Lok- ohj lkojdj dh ok.kh fl} gqbZa 30 fnlacj] 1943 ds fnu usrkth lqHkkkpanz cksl dh lsuk us vaneku ij Lora= fganqLFkku dk
/ot ygjk;kA ml le; mu Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh ekuoanuk dh xbZ tks ogka ij igys naM Hkqxr jgs FksA Lor=a Hkkjr dh ljdkj us Hkh
lkroha ikyh dh - 42 dh dksBjh esa ohj lkojdj dk fp= yxokdj ogka mudk NksVk lk Lekjd cuok;k gSA jkVifr jktsanz izlkn]
iz/kkuea=h kkL=h th us oanu fd;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
130
izdj.k&10
vxzt ds nkZu
esjs T;sB ca/kq vkSj eSa&nksuksa ,d gh canhx`g esa canh Fks] fQj Hkh vkt rd geus ,d&nwljs dks ns[kk ugha FkkA esjs vkus ls muds n; dks
vk?kkr igqapk FkkA mUgsa dkjkxkj esa tks ;kruka, lguh iM+rh] mUgsa lqudj esjk dystk QV tkrk FkkA ijarq ,d fnu ,sls izlax dk
lkeuk djuk iM+k ftlds lkeus ,slk yxk fd og nq%[k dqN Hkh ugha gSA brus nq%[kn thou esa lq[k dnkfpr~ gh izfrHkkflr gksrk gSA
ca/kq ls feyus dh mRdV bPNk LokHkkfod FkhA okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj dh vuqu; djds ns[kk fd ;su&dsu imk;ksa ls dosy mudh ,d
ljljh n`V D;ksa u gks] ijarq xqIr :i ls blfy, fd eSaus vius ca/kq ds laca/k esa ckjh lkgc vkSj lqifjaVsaMsaV ls HKh dbZ ckj iwNkA os
dgrs] ^ge vkidks ;g Hkh ugha crk ldrs fd os dkjkx`g esa gSa ;k ughaA fQj HksaV djkus dh ckr rks nwj gh jghA* ,d ckj lquk] HkkbZ
lkgc dk flj ihM+k ds ekjs QVk tk jgk gSA rc lqifjaVsaMsaV ls iwNk] ^D;k ;g lR; gS \ rks fQj mUgsa :X.kky; D;ksa ugha ys tkrs\ D;ksa
dksBjh esa can j[krs gks\* mkj feyk] ^vki vius ckjs esa lksfp,] vU; cafn;ksa ds ckjs esa vki iwNrkN ugha dj ldrsA* ,slk dgdj
myVs esjh pkyh ds teknkj dks og oSls gh xkfy;ka cdus yxk] ^^;g lekpkj bl canh dks dSls Kkr gqvk\ lkyk] rqe cankscLr ugha
j[krkA crkvks] fdlus mls ;g ckr crkbZ\** eSa ,slh voLFkk esa xqIr mik;ksa ls yacs le; ls fcNqMs+ vius T;sB ca/kq ds iq.; nkZu ikus
ds iz;kl esa FkkA foyk;r tkr 31 s le; eq>s fonk djus tks yksx vk, gq, Fks] mlh le; eSaus T;sB Hkzkrk ds nkZu fd, FksA mlds
Ikpkr~ bl canhx`g esa mudk nkZu djus dk izlax vk;kA eu&gh&eu lkspk] mUgs a vR;ar [ksn gksxk] vr% HkasV dks Vkyk x;k tk,A ijarq
bl rjg eqag eksM+uk D;k nq%[kksa dk lkeuk djus ls th pqjkuk ugha gS \ nq%[k dk fokky xtjkt rks n; ds iks[kj esa ?kqlk cSBk gS] vc
Hkyk mldh
31
9 twu ds fnu lkojdj yanu x,A gks ldrk gS] vaneku dh ;g HksaV lu~ 1911 esas gqbZ gksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
131
iwaN ls D;k Mjuk\ vkSj vius vxzt ds ikou nkZu ds iq.; ls blfy, drjkuk fd us= ty dh pkj cwansa vf/kd >jsaxh] ;g Hkh:rk
gksxhA ml voLFkk esa mu ifo= vklqavks esa eaxy&Luku gksuk tUe&tUekarj ds iq.; dk gh Qy gksrk gSA
vkf[kj ;g ns[kdj fd bl le; muls HkasV gksuk laHko gS] eSaus ,d okWMZj dh lgk;rk ls mldk izca/k djus dk fup; fd;kA kke dks
Hkh lHkh cafn;ksa dks ,d lkFk ugha NksMk+ tkrk FkkA ijarq dHkh&dHkh ,d foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks okil Hkstus ls igys gh tYnh&tYnh esa
nwljs ca/kq dks uki&rkSydj dke nsus ds le; esjs foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks NksMk+ x;k rks eSa Hkh muesa ?kql x;kA rHkh nwj ls okil ykSV rs
le; esjh vkSj esjs ca/kq dh vka[ksa pkj gks xbZA foyk;r tkrs le; mUgksaus eq>s ns[kk tgka esjh dk;k vius HkkX;ksn; dh ykSfdd vkkkvksa
dh jk[k ls luh gqbZ Fkh] rks iy Hkj ds fy, mUgsa tSls dkB ekj x;kA muds eq[k ls cl ,d gh mn~xkj QwVk] tks muds ewd nq%[kksa]
osnukvksa dk fudkZ Fkk] ^^rkR;k] rw ;gka dSls vk;k\**
;g ,d gh uqdhyk eeZHksnh mn~xkj vl osnukvks&ihM+kvksa dk rh{.k ck.k FkkA og esjs n; esa kwy dh rjg ?kql x;kA ijarq ca/kq us bu
kCnksa dkk tksj ls mPpkj.k fd;k Fkk] vr% ;fn nksuksa HkkbZ ,d&nwljs ls blh rjg tksj&tksj ls cksyus yxs rks vf/kdkjh dk /;ku bl
vksj caV tk,xk vkSj lHkh ls ihNs [khap fy;kA cl mlh ,d {k.k ckn eq>s vius ca/kq ls fcNqM+uk iM+kA ijarq og mn~xkj esjs eu esa
mlh rjg uklwj cudj jg x;kA meM+rs gq, nq%[kksa ls Hkjh ,d xqIr fpV~Bh Hkh esjs ca/kq dh vksj ls eq>s Hksth xbZ&^rw ckgj dk dk;Z
lQy djsxk gh] fiz; fganqLFkku dk a a ! cgqr fookl Fkk eq>sA bl fookl ds dkj.k eq>s dkysikuh dk ;g tks naM feyk] mldk dqN
Hkh cqjk ugha yxrkA eu bl ladV dks rqPN ekurk Fkk] D;kasfd ftl dk;Z esa ;g cfynku eSa dj jgk gwa og a a a adjus rw ckgj gS ghA
;g dYiuk eq>s /khjt ca/kkrh Fkh] dVksa dh lQyrk dk vkHkkl fnykrh FkhA ijarq isfjl esa jgrs gq, Hkh rqe vc buds gkFk dSls vk
x, a a a aml ckr dk vkSj dk;Z dk D;k gksxk a a a \ rqEgkjh ;ksX;rk] drZO; lc efV;kesV gksxk u\ vkSj cky a a aog gekjk uUgk cNM+k a
a a afdldk eqag rkdsxk\ izR;{k ns[kdj Hkh eq>s fookl ugha gks jgkA le> esa ugha vk jgk fd gk;! gk;! rqe ;gka dSls vk x,\*
esjs eu dh lgukhyrk dks mruk ruko dHkh ugha >syuk iM+k Fkk ftruk ml
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
132
fpVBh dk mkj fy[krs le; >syuk iM+kA muds gj izu ds lkFk eq>s vius gh izu dpksVrs tk jgs FksA viuh ykSfdd
vkkk&vkdka{kkvksa ds HkkX;ksn; ds rgl&ugl gksus dh fujkkk dk dM+ok ?kwaV ihdj ij ca/kqvksa dks lkaRouk nsuk] vius vkidks /khjt
ca/kkdj nwljs dks Hkh nsuk Fkk] rFkkfi foosd dh lgk;rk ls drZO; ds gykgy dk og ?kwaV Hkh eSaus ih fy;kA eSaus mUgsa lwfpr fd;k fd
ykSfdd rFkk HkkX;ksn; dh vkkk&vkdka{kkvksa dh jk[k kjhj ij eydj yM+rs jguk gSA
;g vykSfdd HkkX; ugha gS D;k
rks fQj nq%[k dkgs dk\ esjh ;ksX;rk] drZÒ; lc efV;kesV gksrk] ;fn ijh{kk ds {k.k esa ?kfV;k fl} gksrk rks ^lhnfUr ee xk=kf.k eq[ka
p ifjkq;frA xk.Mhoa alrs gLrkRoDpSo ifjnrsA* fdarq ,slh voLFkk rc gksrh ;fn eSa drZO;&foeq[k gksrk ;k fdlh dk fookl?kkr
fd;k gksrkA ijarq ,slk Hkh u gksrs gq, ;Fkk izkIr ladVksa ls lkeuk djus vkSj LokFkZ dks tM+ ls m[kkM+ yksxksa dks drZO; {ks= esa ladV
Hkksxus ds fy, rS;kj gksus esa gh vkidk] gekjk vkSj bu lHkh dk lPpk drZO; vkSj ;ksX;rk izdV gks jgh gSA ;kki;k la;ksx dh ckr
gSA vktUe ;q} yM+rs] yksnh ds qy mrjrs vkSj vkLVfyZV~Tk ij fot; ikrs gq, Hkh usiksfy;u vkf[kj [kkV ij jksxxzLr gksdj ejrk gS
vkSj ,d jkuh y{ehckbZ nwljh&rhljh yM+kbZ esa gh ryokj ds xgjs ?kko ls ejrh gSA dksbZ lSfud rks igyh gh eqBHksM+ esa xksyh dk
fkdkj cudj /kjkkk;h gks tkrk gSA izk;% mldk drZO; bl la;ksx ls fl} ugha gksrkA rks ^bl izFke fHkM+ar esa gh eSa ihNs fNidj
thfor jgaw vkSj vU; tu vkxs c<+dj e`R;q eq[k esa pys tk,a vkSj ;q} esa fot;h gksus ds Ikpkr~ mldh lQyrk ns[kus rFkk Hkksxus ds
fy, ksk cpwa* bl rjg nqV ,oa tufgr fo?kkrd dkiq:k dkeuk eu esa j[krs gq,] og QkSth rc vo; vU; yksxksa ds lkFkk ;q} dk
lkeuk djrk vpy, vfMx cudj tw>rk gh jgk u\ bl izu ij mldk okLrfod drZO; fuHkZj jgrk gSA esjs fopkj ls bl dlkSVh
ij ge lHkh lQy jgs gSaA vkSj blhfy, ge ykSfdd ,oa HkkX;ksn; ds lqo.kZ&oy; esa ftrus d`rkFkZ ugha curs mrus ml HkkX;ksn; dh
vykSfdd jk[k kjhj ij eydj vkt bl rjg vok vkSj d:.kkLin voLFkk esa okLrfod :i esa py jgs gSaA bu ladVksa dks lguk
vkSj bl rjg dkjkxkj esa lM+rs] lcls vKkr jgrs ftuds fy, brus dV >sys] mudh Hkh xkfy;ka [kkrs&[kkrs bl rjg ejuk] ;gh vc
gekjs thou dk /;s; gSA ;g Hkh mruk gh egku~ gS ftruk ckgj jgdj dhfrZ ;k vkSj nqanfHk dh rky ij yM+ukA D;ksafd vafre fot;
ds fy, og Kkr la?kkZ vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
133
nqanqfHk dk og fuukn ftruk vko;d gksrk gS mruk gh lqjax dk ;g vJqr djkguk vkSj vKkr izk.k Hkh gksrk gSA
vkSj dk;ksZ ds fok; esa
a a aml fnu tc gkbZdksVZ esa esjk naM ?kksfkr gks jgk Fkk] bl laca/k esa eSaus naM ds tcM+s esa njnjkdj ihls tkrs le; vius n; dk
fookl rFkk Hkko eq[kfjr djusokyk ^lkjfFk ftldk vfHkekuhA dq.kth vkSj jke lsukuhA ,slh dksVh&dksVh ro lsukA og uk :ds og
gekjs fcukA* 32 a a a avkk; ls Hkjk i= eSaus xqIr :i ls ca/kq dks Hkstk FkkA ml i= us ca/kq dks rks lkaRouk nh gh] ijarq mls fy[krs
fy[krs esjs foods dk Mxexkuk /khjt Hkh iqu% fupy gksdj jkse&jkse esa mRlkg dk lapkj djus yxkA
32
;g dfork ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;*] [kaM&7 esa i`- 87 ij îgyk gIrk* khkZd ds uhps Nih gqbZ gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
134
izdj.k&11
dksYgw dk cSy
eSaus yxHkx ,d eghuk fNydk dwVus dk dke fd;kA lHkh yksxksa dks vkp;Z gks jgk Fkk fd eq> dksYgw dSls ugha fn;k x;kA bl ij dqN
vkkkokfn;ksa us dgk]^ûgha th] CkSfjLVj ckcw dks fdl eqag ls dksYgw dk dke nsaxs\** eSa muls dgrk]^^mlh eqag ls ftlls cSfjLVj ckcw dks
dkysikuh Hkstdj] yaxksVh egukdj fNydk dqVok;kA** vkf[kj ,d fnu lqifjaVsaMasV us vkdj eq>ls dgk] ^^dy ls vkidks dksYgw ij
tkuk gSA fNydk 33 dwV&dwVdj vc vkids gkFk dBksj cu x, gksaxsA vc vkSj vf/kd dBksj dke djus esa dksbZ vkifk ugha gksxhA**
ckjh lkgc us galrs gq, dgk] ^^vc vki ijh d{kk esa izosk dj jgs gSaA** ml fnu kke ds le; ckjh lkgc us eq>s dpgjh esa
cqyk;kA eq>ls gq, laHkkk.k ls mUgsa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa dh gM+rky ls esjh lgkuqHkwfr Fkh vkSj gM+rky rFkk fuHkhZd vkpj.k
dh mn~naM] vfkV rFkk ew[kZrk ds izrhd&:i esa fuank djrs mu jktcafn;ksa ds eq[k esjh uhfr ds leFkZu ls kkar gks x, FksA dqy
feykdj ;s okkkZ,a ckjh rd xqIr :i esa fuR; igaqp jgh Fkh] ,lls ;gh laHkkouk fn[k jgh Fkh fd kh?kz gh eSa mu ^vfkV ccZjksa* dk
fkjksef.k cuusokyk gwaA bldh Vksg ysus ds fy, fd dgha eSa mu dksYgw isjus ds fy, euk rks ugha dj jgk vkSj ,slk djus ls ijko` k
djus ds fy, ckjh esa eq>s cqykok Hkstk FkkA cgqr nsj rd xiki yM+kus ds ckn var esa mUgksaus dgk] ^êSa D;k d:a \ ij ls feys
vknsk dk eq>s ikyu rks djuk gh pkfg,A fyf[kr vkWMZj vk;k gS fd vkidks dksYgw gh fn;k tk,A fQj Hkh eSaus bruk fd;k fd vkidh
;ksX;rk ds ckjs esa crkdj vkidks lqifjaVsaMsaV }kjk dsoy pkSng fn ugh dksYgw dk dke fnyok;kA vU; cafn;ksa tSlk ckj&ckj ugha
fnyokaxkA gka] vki euk er dhft,A tkb,] [kM+s gks tkb,A eSa ;FkklaHko vkidh lgk;rk d:axkA ijarq naM er Hkqxfr,xkA** eSaus dgk]
33
Rkkjh[k 4 tqykbZ] 1911 ls lkojdj dks fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k x;k FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
135
^îgys gh gekjk thou efV;kesV gks pqdk gSA fQj fcuk fdlh dkj.k vkSj vR;kpkj lgus dk gesa kkSd FkksM+s gh p<+k gS \ eSa lnSo
;FkklaHko dke djrk gh jgawxkA** ckjh us tSls n;kHkko ls dgk] ^^ns[kks HkkbZ] eSa vkids fy, dgrk gwa] vU;ksa dk pkgs tks gks] vki lcls
vyx gh jgukA** esjk euks/kZ;Z Hkax djus ds fy, ckjh tSls&tSls ipkl cjl ds naM dk ckj&ckj Lej.k fnykrk x;k] oSls gh mldh
uhfr dk foijhr ifj.kke gksrk x;k vkSj mu kCnksa ds vFkZ ls eSa bruk ifjfpr gks x;k] tSls rksi[kkus ds QkSth rksi[kkus dh vkokt ls
ifjfpr gks tkrs gSaA mlds xtZu ls dkaiuk gh can gks x;kA nwljs fnu izkr%dky ls gh eq>s dksYgw ds dke ij yxk fn;k x;kA34
rsy?kkuh esa
eSa ftl lkr uacj esa jgrk Fkk] ogka ls ml dksYgw dk dke NBosa Hkkx esa FkkA vr% eq>s izkr%dky gh m/kj ys tk;k x;kA ml foHkkx
dks cnyus ls eq>s cM+k vkuan gqvk] D;kasfd os jktcanh] tks m/kj jgrs Fks] vc eq>s fn[kkbZ nsus yxs vkSj dHkh&dHkh eq>ls ckr Hkh djus
yxsA dke ij tkrs gh ns[kk] cekZ nsk ds ,d jktcanh dks Hkh esjs dksYgw esa gh tksrk x;k FkkA eq>s dgk x;k fd ;g vkidh lgk;rk
djsxk] ijarq vkidks dksYgw ?kqekrs jguk gksxkA rfud Hkh cSBuk ugha pkfg,A vU; jktcafn;ksa dh rqYkuk esa eq>s ;g lqfo/kk feyh Fkh]
rFkkfi og dksYgw ds dke dh lqfo/kk FkhA lqfo/kk ?kVkdj Hkh ksk tks dV cpk og mls] ftls fdlh Hkh rjg dVksa dk vH;kl ugha]
lh/kk djus ds fy, i;kZIr FkkA yaxksVh igudj izkr% nl cts rd dke djks] fcuk :ds xksy&xksy ?kweus ls flj pdjkrk FkkA vax&izR;ax
<hys iM+ tkrs Fks] kjhj bruk Fkd tkrk fd jkr esa r[rs ij ysVrs gh uhan vkus ds cnys djoV cnyrs gq, jkr dkVuh iM+rh FkhA
nwljs fnu izkr%dky iqu% dksYgw ds lkeus tk igaqprkA bl rjg Ng&lkr fnu xqtkjsA rc rd dke iwjk dgka gksrk Fkk\ ,d fnu ckjh
vk;k vkSj bBykrs gq, dgus yxk]^^;g nsf[k,] vkids iklokyh dksBjh dk canh nks cts iwjk rhl ikSaM rsy rkSydj nsrk gS vkSj vki
kke rd dksYgw pykdj Hkh ikSaM&nks ikSaM gh fudkyrs gSa] bl ij vkidks keZ vkuh pkfg,A** eSa cksyk] ^^keZ rks rc vkth tc eSa Hkh
cpiu ls gh mlds leku dqyhfxjh djus dk vknh gksrkA ;fn vki mls ,d ?kaVs ds vanj ,d lquhr lkWuVs jpus ds fy, dgsa rks
D;k og jp ldsxk\ eSa vkidks vk/ks ?kaVs ds vanj jpuk djds fn[kkrk gwaA ijarq blfy, vki ;fn ml Jfed dks rkuk ekjsa fd ^vjs]
rqe lkWusV dh jpuk kh?kZrhiwoZd ugha dj lds] blds fy,
34
16 vxLr] 1911 ls 14 fnu rd mUgsa dksYgw dk dke fn;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
136
rqEgsa ykt vkuh pkfg,* rc D;k dgsxk og] ^cpiu ls dfork djuk eq>s fdlh us fl[kk;k ughaA* vius dk;kZy; esa vki v/kZ fkf{kr
fdlkukfn pksj&Mkdqvksa dks fy[kus dk dke nsrs gSaA mUgsa tSls gekjs ljh[ks Rofjr vaxszth ugha cksy ikus ij yTtk vkus dk dksbZ dkj.k
ugha] mlh rjg ge muds tSlk kkjhfjd Je >syus esa ,dne vleFkZ gSa vkSj bl dkj.k gekjk yfTtr gksuk vkuo;d gSA mls Hkh
yfTtr ugha gksuk pkfg, tks lkWusV dh jpuk ugha dj ldrkA okLro esa yfTtr mUgsa gksuk pkfg, tks cqf}thoh oxZ dks dksYgw esa tksrrs
gSa] Jethoh vui<+ksa dks DydZ dh txgksa ij j[krs gSa vkSj vius nksuksa dke fcxkM+rs gSA**
mnkj fe=ksa dk lg;ksx
dksYgw isjrs le; jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks canh] tks m/kj xqIr :i ls vk ldrs Fks] vkdj esjh lgk;rk djrsA bruk gh ugha] esjs
yxkrkj ûk&uq* djus ds ckn Hkh vkSj muds nq%[k] dV] eq>ls vf/kdd gksrs gq, Hkh jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ tu eq>s vius diM+s Hkh ugha
/kksus nsrs] u gh viuk Fkky&dVksjk ekatus nsrsA esjs diM+s /kksus rFkk cjru ekatus ds laca/k esa dbZ ckj isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZj yksx
muls /kDdk&eqDdh djrs] xkfy;ka nsrs( ijarq bl rjg ds dV >sydj Hkh ;s mnkj RkFkk Lusgh yksxk esjs dke djrs jgrsA mudks jksdus
dk eSaus cgqr iz;kl fd;kA dHkh&dHkh muds diM+s xqipqi /kks MkysA tc mUgsa irk pyk rc muds eu dks Hkkjh Bsl igaqphA bruh fd os
gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+krs gq, eq>ls izkFkZuk djus yxsA tc eSaus bl ckr dk vuqHko fd;k fd ;fn eSaus mudh lgk;rk vLohdkj dh rks
lgk;rk nsus esa ftruk dV gksrk] mlls dgha vf/kd mUgsa eu%Dysk gksxkA rc eaSus fup; fd;k fd bu mnkj ,oa fujis{k fe=ksa dks
viuk dke djus fn;k tk,A lk/kkj.kr;k izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eq>ij blh rjg fuNy HkfDr vkSj izxk<+ Lusg gS] bldk vuqHko
eSaus dj fy;kA dHkh&dHkh rks muesa esjs diMs+ /kksus rFkk esjh lsok djus ds fy, gksM+ yxrh vkSj eueqVko Hkh gks tkrkA rc eq>s
ckjh&ckjh ls vyx&vyx fe=ksa dks vius diM+s /kksus ds fy, nsus iM+rsA mu yksxksa dh bl egkurk rFkk Lusg ds fy, eSa vkt Hkh mudk
d`rK gwaA blh izlax esa mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa us Hkh] tks jktcanh ugha Fks] gesa fcu ekaxk tks lg;ksx vkf[kjh ne rd fn;k vkSj gekjs
kCnksa dks lj&vka[kksa ij j[krs x, mUgsa Hkh lkoZtfud /kU;okn nsuk ge viuk drZO; le>rs gSaA euksjatd gksrs gq, Hkh foLrkj Hk; ls
;gka mu vusd izlaxksa dk o.kZu djuk vlaHko gSA dsoy ,d ckj vkSj laxfBr :i ls muds izfr d`rKrk gh iznfkZr dh tk ldrh gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
137
ekufld fonzksg
fdlh ls ppkZ djuh ugha] fdlh dks dqN dguk ugha] ijarq dksYgw pykrs&pykrs ilhus ls ugk, kjhj ij mM+ jgh og cqduh ihldj
fupksM+k gqvk Hkwlk vkSj lkjk dpjk fpidk gqvk] xanyk] uax&/kM+ax kjhj ns[kdj eu ckj&ckj fonzksg dj mBrkA vius vkils f?ku
vkrhA vjs] bl rjg dk nq%[k >sy D;ksa jgs gks\ rqEgkjh blnsg rFkk drZÒ; dk jkVksa ds mn;kFkZ gksuk pkfg,A og vc ekVheksy gks
x;k gSA fQj bl va/ksjs esa gh brus lkjs dV lgrs D;ksa lM+ jgs gks \ bldk rqEgkjs dk;Z ds fy,] rqEgkjh ekr`Hkwfe ds m}kjkFkZ dkSMh+ Hkj
mi;ksx ugha gSA m/kkj rqe ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj dk Hkh irk ugha py jgk gksxk] m/kj rqe ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa
ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj dk Hkh irk ugha py jgk gksxk] fQj uSfrd ifj.kke rks nwj dh ckr gSA bl rjg ls rqe u dk;Z ds fy, vkSj
u gh vius fy, mi;qDr gksA bruk gh ugha] og dVizn Hkh gks jgk gSA ,slk thou rqe O;FkZ gh D;kas /kkj.k dj jgs gksA 35 cl tks
mi;ksx gksuk Fkk] lks gks pqdkA vc pyks mBks] jLlh ds ,d gh >Vds ls dj Mkyks bl thou dk var! rqEgkjh dr`ZO;&kfDr ds es:naM
dk fuekZ.k blfy, gqvk Fkk fd mldk leqnzeaFkukFkZ mi;ksx gks] mls bl ;%dfpr~ cVyksbZ ds pqYyw Hkj NkN eFkus ds dke esa tqVkdj
mldk vuknj D;ksa dj jgs gks\ fpk iqu%&iqu% dgrk] ^vc thuk O;FkZ] vc vkRe?kkr gh vkRelEeku fl} gks xkA* uksokfyl vkfn dbZ
uhfr fokkjnksa dk vkSj ,sfrgkfld mnkgj.kksa dk Lej.k gksus yxk] ftUgksaus izlaxok vkRe?kkr dks vkRedrZO; fl} fd;k FkkA
,d fnu nksigj dh fpyfpykrh /kwi esa dksYgw pykrs le; eSa gkaQus yxk( ,slk yxk] pDdj vk jgk gSA eSa /kEe ls uhps cSB x;kA
vR;f/kd Je ds dkj.k vWarfM+;ka ,saBus yxhA isV idM+dj nhokj ls flj fVdk;k] vka[ksa ewan yh vkSj rHkh mlh txg xgjh uhan vk
xbZA bruh xgjh fd tc pkSaddj vka[k [kqyh rc fnkkfofnkk] LFky&dky fdlh dk Hkh pkj&ikap feuV rd Hkku ugha gks jgk FkkA bl
rjg kkar] kwU;] fufoZdkj] lq[kn voLFkk esa ,sls iM+k jg x;k tSls esjk vfLrRo gh ugha jgkA FkksMh+ nsj ckn esjh psruk ykSV vkbZA
,d&,d oLrq fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA mlds vFkZ dk vkdyu gksus yxkA vr% iqu% dke esa tqV x;kA ijarq eu lrr ,drkjk NsM+us yxk] ;g
vafre dk;Z laiUu D;ksa ugha gksus nsrk\ FkksM+h nsj igys tks kwU;or~ gks x;k Fkk] ogh ogh e`R;q gSA jLlh ds ,d VqdM+s ls] ftlds lgkjs
jkrksa esa lSdM+ksa canh iksVZ Cysvj esa e`R;q dks ikj djds x,] ml Mksj dk xys esa Qank Mkyks vkSj dj Mkyks bl ;a=.kk dk varA
35
;s fopkj vxLr 1911 esa dksYgw ds vl dVksa ds dkj.k eu esa vk, FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
138
vkRegR;k dk vkdkZ.k
ml vkRegR;k dk vkdkZ.k eq>s lrr [khap jgk FkkA FkksM+h nsj igys tks kwU;koLFkk Fkh] ogh gS
e`R;q&ej.kA og rks fuLlansg bl thou ls e/kqj gSA eq>s nks&pkj ckj viuh fuokZpu dh ;kruk,a vlguh; yxh vkSj vkRegR;k
vkdkZd izrhr gksus yxh FkhA ,d ckj rc] tc eSa eklsZfyl ls iqu% idMs+ tkus ds ckn ,M+u ds vkl&ikl Hk;kud xjeh esa rFkk
;a=.kkvksa esa can fd;k x;k FkkA nwljh ckj rc] tc bl dksYgw isjus esa pDdj vk x;k FkkA nksuksa ckj eu rFkk cqf} dk izcy Vdjko
gksrs&gksrs cqf} ds yxHkx pkjksa [kkus fpr gksus dh fLFkfr cu xbZ Fkh vkSj ,d&nks ckj rks og izlax iqu% vkusokyk FkkA ml jkr dksBjh
dh ftu lyk[kksa ls yVddj izk;% canh Lo;a Qkalh yxk ysrs Fks] ml f[kM+dh dh vksj yqHkkouh n`fV ls eSaus pkj&ikap ckj rks ns[kk gh
gksxkA cqf} vkSj eu dk laokn eSa rVLFkrkiwoZd lqu jgk Fkk] ftls vkxs pydj eSaus ,d dfork esa xazfFkr fd;k gSA 36 ckj&ckj eu ds
bl rdZ dks foosd mkj nsr] ^ckoys] ;g rqEgkjk vagdkj gSA eku yks] rqEgkjk drZÒ;] drZO; ijke ,d ;a= gS] tks ,slh izpaM xfr
iznku djus dh {kerk j[krk gS] ftlls laiw.kZ jkV dk m}kj gksxk] gks ldrk gS] Hkyk vc mldk D;k\ mldk mfpr rFkk ;Fkkizek.k
mi;ksx ugha gksrk] ;g ,d rjg ls lR; gSA ijarq bl rjg tgka vU; Hkkjh&Hkjde ;a= pdukpwj gks tkrs gSa ogka blfy, fd xqIr]
vKkr ;krukvksa dh ekj lgus ds fy, mi;qDr gks] bl dk;Z dks djokus ds fy, ;g drZÒ; kfDr dk ;a= ugha cuk;k] ;g dSls dg
ldrs gSa\ jkVks}kj dh eqBHksM+ksa esa lSdM+ksa egoiw.kZ pkSfd;ksa ij yM+uk iM+rk gS vkSj mlesa canhx`g dk ekspkZ lcls dfBu ijarq
vR;ko;d gksrk gSA fQj og yM+us dh rqEgkjh ;kstuk cuh gS] ;g D;k ml drZO; dk de xkSjo gS \*
^vkSj fdl ijke dh ckr dj jgs gks\ rsjk] bl vf[ky euq;tkfr dk gh ugha vfirq bl lw;Z dk Hkh bl izpaM foo dh mFky&iqFky
esa okLro esa v.kqek= Hkh ego gS D;k\ lkcqu ds >kx ds xqCckjs ln`k og vc viuh gh egkk ds vfHkeku ls Qwyk mM+rk fn[kkbZ ns
jgk gSA ijarq ,d {k.kkFkZ esa foo dh ewy kfDr dksbZ nwljk gal rk&[ksyrk xqCckjk ns ekjs rks og igyk Qql ls uV gks tk,xk] rFkkfi
foo mlh rjg vkxs c<+rk jgsxkA vr% foosd ls dke yksA lkis{k :i esa tks drZRo gS] mldh [kjh dlkSVh ;gha ij gSA ogh lPpk
nsklsod gS tks bl dkjkx`g esa nsklsok djsxkA tks nskk}kj ewY; fn; fcuk gksxk gh ugha] og dkjkihM+u dk ewY; pqdkuk gS] thou
vdkjFk tkuk ugha gSA dhfrZ dk] ykSfdd eu dk ykyp mlesa ugha gSA ijarq blhfy, og vf/kd vO;FkZ gS vkSj a a a a a
36
nsf[k, ^lIrfkZ* dfork] lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7] i`- 87
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
139
;fn ejuk gS rks

^rks fQj ,sls D;ksa ej jgs gks\ rqEgkjs }kjk lgh xbZ ;krukvkas dk ifj.kke nsk ds fy, gksxk gh gksxkA ijarq ;fn rqEgkjk blij fookl
u gks rks ;g lekpkj Hkh nsk rd ugha igqapsxkA fQj mldk uSfrd ifj.kke Hkyk dgka ls gksxk\ fQj O;FkZ dV fdlfy,\ muds fy,
vius gkFkksa ls vius i{k dh gkfu rFkk ijkt; D;ksa c<+k jgs gks \ ;fn ejuk gh gS rks ml lsuk dk dqN dk;Z djds ejks ftlds rqe
,d lSfud gksA Qkalh ij yVddj ugha a a a aviuh ,d tku ds fy, a a abl rjg ejksA
Ckqf} dk ;g vafre dkj.k tku gFksyh ij fy, ml voLFkk esa Lohdkj fd;kA eu fLFkj gks x;kA ;gh Bk.ks ds dkjkxkj esa Hkh fd;k FkkA
mldk Lej.k gks vk;kA ml fnu ls iqu% eSa ,d ckj vkRegR;k ds dxkj ij tkdj [kM+k gks x;k Fkk] jRukfxjh dh tsy esaA ijarq og
vkxs dh ckr gSA
Ekjasxs rks oSls gh ejasxs
bl rjg ds d`r&fup; esa jkr O;rhr gks xbZA bruk gh ugha] mi;qZDr rdZ dk mi;ksx djds vkSj bl rjg minsk djrs gq, fd ;fn
fdlh dks Hkh ejuk gS rks a a a ablh rjg ejs] ;gh vaxhd`r ozrkFkZ drZO; gSA eSaus vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj ds mu lSdM+ksa lgHkkxh
jktcafn;ksa eas ls vusd dks dbZ ckj vkRegR;k ds dxkj ls gkFk idM+dj okil ykSVk;k gSA
dksYgw ij dke djrs le; Hkkjh kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld Je gksrs gq, bldh FkksMh+ lh HkjikbZ djusokyh ,d laf/k feyrh FkhA og Fkh mu
jktcafn;ksa ls FkksMh+ lh cksypky dh lqfo/kk] tks bl dksYgw ij dke djrs FksA vkrs&tkrs vf/kdkfj;ksa dh n`fV cpkdj vFkok fdlh
le>nkj ;k n;kyq igjsnkj ;k flikgh dh dìk ls os jktcanh esjs ikl vkrsA ;FkklaHko eq>ls cfr;krsA izk;% lk;adky ikap cts ds
vkl&ikl Hkkstu dh /kka/kyh esa tc lHkh O;Lr gksrs rc ml ekad ds gkSt dh vksV esa gekjk vM~Mk terkA ,d igjk nsrk] ksk tu
ckrsa djrs A ml le; ftl dk;Z ds vuojr fparuok fpk us lHkh ,sfgd lq[kksa dks ykr ekjh Fkh] ml mnkk dk;Z dh FkksMh+ nsj
[kqydj ppkZ djuk laHko gksus ls eu iqu% og lEeku vkSj mRlkg izrhr gksrkA Hkksxh gqbZ ;kruk,a vfdapu yxrhA iqu% ;g fup; n`<+
gksrk fd Hkfo; esa tks ;kruk,a Hkqxruh gSa os Hkh drZO; gh gSaA ;s pan ?kfM+;ka ml dksYgw ds dBksj vfHkkki esa ojnku leku gh FkhA
ml le; eSaus ns[kk fd m/kj vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% esjs tSls gh iPphl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
140
ds vkl&ikl dh vk;q ds FksA mudh fk{kk v/kqjh FkhA jktuhfr] bfrgkl] vFkZkkL= vkfn vko;d fok;ksa dk mUgsa vR;ar de Kku
gqvk Fkk vkSj ;g LoHkkfod gh FkkA rFkkfi eq>s dHkh ,slk izrhr ugha gqvk fd bl dkj.k muds mRd`V Lonsk&izse vFkok LokFkZ&R;kx esa
jkh Hkj Hkh deh vkbZ gSA bruk gh ugha] ;g ns[kdj fd viuh bl vk;q esa os ek= tUetkr ijksidkjh cqf} rFkk mnkj Hkkouk ls
izsfjr gksdj bl mn~ns; ls brus Hkkjh dV mBk jgs gSa] esjk eu muds izfr vknj ls Hkj tkrkA U;wurk cl bruh gh Fkh fd ftl dk;Z
dks mUgksaus brus LokHkkfod /kS;Z ls Lohdkj fd;k Fkk] ml dk;Z rfkk mudh mu mnkj Hkkoukvksa dks vR;ar vko;d fk{kk] Kku rFkk
fopkjksa dk lkFk feyrk rks lksus esa lqxa/k gks tkrh vkSj ml egRdk;Z dks laiUu djus ds fy, os igys ls vf/kd l{ke gksrsA vr% os
mlds fy, ;Rukhy cus] ,rnFkZ eSa mUgsa mu dfe;ksa dk ,glkl fnykdj muesa oSlh bPNk mRiUu djus dk iz;kl djrkA eq>s tc ls
dksYgw ds dke esa yxk;k x;k rHkh ls mu iz;Ruksa dk Jhx.ksk gqvk FkkA dbZ yksxksa dks] tks ogka vk, gq, Fks] ,slk izrhr gksus yxk Fkk fd
viuk thou vdkjFk x;kA mUgsa ml mnklhurk rFkk grcyrk ds paxqy ls eqDr djkus ds fy, eSa mUgsa bfrgkl ds dqN mnkgj.k izLrqr
djrkA mu yksxksa dh kadkvksa ds fuokj.k dk iz;kl djrk] ftUgsa bldk cks/k ugha gqvk Fkk fd dkSu lk ekxZ Js;Ldj gSA tks dsoy
lekt ds jktuhfrd coaMj ds lkFk blesa Qal x, Fks] mUgsa ;g ;qfDriwoZd le>kdj fd mUgsa ,slk D;ksa djuk pkfg,] og uSfrd n`fV
ls drZO; Fkk vFkok vdrZO;] eSa bl iz;kl esa jgrk fd mudh iwoZdkyhu {kf.kd mkstuk ,d fufpr fup; esa ifj.kr gks] tks iwjs
thou fVd ldsA fnu Hkj vR;ar dVizn] xanxh ls Hkjiwj] viekutud ml dksYgw ds dke ls Fkds&ekans os jktcanh ml gkSt ij ?kM+h
Hkj dks xqipqi bdV~Bk gksrs vkSj bl rjg ds mnkk laokn djrs jkVh; lq[k&lius latkrs tc rUe; gks tkrs rc muds euks/kS;Z dh
/kkj] tks fnu Hkj dh ;krukvksa ds vk?kkr lgrs&lgrs HkksFkjh gks tkrh Fkh] iqu% iSuh gks tkrhA muds eq[k ij uorst nedrk vkSj mBrs
le; gkZ rFkk iszeiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysdj os Hkkjrh; uo;qod viuh&viuh pkyh esa can gksus pys tkrsA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
141
izdj.k&12
vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj
dksYgw ij dke djrs&djrs eSa dsoy jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr gh vktek ldk] ,slk ughaA FkksMk+ &cgqr] dqy feykdj vaneku dh lkjh fLFkfr
dk vkdyu eq>s gksus yxkA ckgj ds ftu yksxksa ds eu esa gtkj vkifk;ksa ds ckn Hkh esjs izfr tks vkn&Hkko rFkk izse Fkk] os gkFk ij
gkFk /kjs u cSBrs] esjs lkFk dqN&u&dqN laca/k tksM+us dk iz;kl djrs jgsA bl voLFkk ls eq>s fn[kkbZ fn;k fd iz;kl djus ls ;gka Hkh
dqN dk;ksZ esa lQyrk fey ldrh gS] vr% FkksM+h ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] bl dkjkokl ls gh izkjaHk djsaA
vaneku esa laxBu
dk;Z dk izlkj djuk laHko gS vkSj ;fn laHko gS rks de gh lgh] ij laxBu djuk gekjk drZO; gSA dkjkokl dh ;kruk,a Hkksxuk rFkk
,dkar canhokltU; deZkwU;rk dk vl Hkkj mBkdj fuf; [kM+s jgus dk ,d drZO; rks ge dj gh jgs FksA mlds lkFk&lkFk ;fn
dk;Z izpkj dk vkSj bl }hikarj esa tgka&tgka fuokZflr gksaxs ogka&ogka Hkh tkrh; pSrU; dk lapkj djus dk lf; dk;Z Hkh FkksMk+ &cgqr
dj ldsa] rks mlds }kjk ekr`Hkwfe dh nksgjh lsok djus dk iq.; D;ksa u fl} fd;k tk,A bl izdkj ds fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj vaneku
ls izpkj dk;Z izkjaHk djus dk fup; fd;kA
jktcafn;ksa dk fk{k.k
loZizFke jktcafn;ksa dk fk{k.k dk;Z gkFk esa ysus dk fup; fd;kA bl ,d i[kokM+s esa gh cafn;ksa esa ls tks yksx coaMj esa ijh rkSj ij
vkus ds dkj.k bl vkanksyu ds loZFkk vuqdwy ugha Fks] izFker% muds xys esa ;g ckr mrkjdj bl vkanksyu dk varjax foospu fd;kA
mUgsa viuk cukus ds fy, fn, x, dksYgw dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
142
dBksj dke djrs&djrs gh mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks ;qodksa dks laxBu ds dk;Z esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, kiFkc} djkus dk [kycyh
epkusokyk dk;Z fd;kA
vaneku ds laxBu ds iz;Ruksa dk vkajHk ;gh ls gSA bldk laiw.kZ o.kZu djuk la Hko ugha fd mldk dk;Z fodkl vkxs pydj fdl rjg
gqvkA vakr% tks crkuk laHko gS] og vkxs ekA crkaxkA
pkSng fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ eq>s dksYgw ls gVk;k x;k vkSj jLlh cVus dk dke fn;k x;kA 37 ;g dke dkjkx`g ds vU; kkjhfjd dk;kZs ls
vf/kd lgt Fkk vkSj blhfy, og feyuk vgksHkkX; vle>k tkrkA dqN fnuksa ds vH;kl ls jLlk cVus dk dke vkus yxk vkSj ,slk
izrhr gqvk] vYi ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] kkjhfjd ;krukvksa ds paxqy ls rks eqfDr feyhA blh le; eq>s ftl lkr uacj dh pkyh esa
can j[kk x;k Fkk mlesa fu:ik; gks pkj jktcafn;ksa dks jgus dh vuqefr nh xbZA gka] blfy, fd vu; dksbZ pkjk ugha Fkk] D;kasfd
varr% ;g mudh uhfr rks Fkh fd ;FkklaHko esjk vkSj vU; jktcafn;ksa dk laidZ u gksA ijarq lkros foHkkx esa mu cafn;ksa dks j[kuk
vfuok;Z gh gksrk gS] ftUgsa canhx`g esa ckaVdj Hkh Lfkku ugha feyrkA dHkh dHkh rks izR;{k ckjh us vkSj ,d nks&ckj lqifjaVsaMasV us Hkh
eq>ls LiV gh dgk] ^^vkids foHkkx esa tks jktcanh gksrs gSa] mUgsa ;fn <hy nsaxs rks vkidks Hkh fkf{kr jktcanh dh laxr dk ykHk izkIr
gksxkA** dksbZ Hkh u;k jktcanh vkus ls mls izk;% mu jktcafn;ksa dh laxr esa j[kk tkrk tks ikyrw cu x, gSaA rFkkfi fdlh Hkh jktcanh
dks lrr ,d gh foHkkx esa vkSj ,d gh la?k esa j[kuk lqjf{kr u le>rs gq, ,d eghus ds Ikpkr~ mlds jgus dh dksBfj;ka cny nh
tkrh FkhA
canhx`g esa mRlo
;g cnyh dk fnol ekuk tkrk Fkk] D;kasfd ml cnyh ds cgkus dksBjh ls ckgj fudyus ij yxHkx vk/kk fnu rks ml /kka/kyh esa fudy
gh tkrkA nwljh ckr] bl dkj.k tsy dk pDdj yxkuk iM+rkA ,d foHkkx ls nwljh vksj tkrs&tkrs vkSj ml ;ksx ls izk;% jktcafn;ksa
ls n`fV&HksaV gh D;ksa u gks] gks rks tkrhA volj feyk rks tkrs&tkrs nks&pkj ckrsa Hkh laHko gksrh vkSj vafre vkuan dk dkj.k ;g fd
jktcafn;ksa ls ifjp; rFkk laifk dk ykHk ml cnyh ds volj }kjk izkIr gksrkA ;|fi eq>s ;FkklaHko lkr uacj ds d{k esa gh j[kk
x;k Fkk vkSj izk;% vU; jktcanh esjs ikl ugha Hksts tkrs Fks] rFkkfi eSa Hkh bls mRlo dk fnol gh le>rk] D;kaasfd ml fnu cnyh ds
cgkus bl foHkkx ls ml foHkkx esa vkrs&tkrs nwj ls esjs T;sB ca/kq ls
37
fnukad 29 vxLr] 1911
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
143
n`fV&HksaV gks tkrhA dHkh&dHkh iwoZ lkaBxkaB esa dnkfpr~ lQyrk feyh rks xqipqi ckrsa djuk Hkh laHko gksrkA
,d eghus&nks eghus ds Lfkku ifjorZu ds dkj.k u, rFkk vU; jktcafn;ksa ls ftl rjg ckr djus dk volj izkIr gksrk] mlh rjg
vkilh ckrphr dh vkSj nks lqfo/kk,a bl dkjkx`g esa izkIr gksrhA os Fkh&jgus dh dksBjh ds ij dh f[kM+dh vkSj fcydqy Hkwfe esa izkIr
gksrhA os Fkh& jgus dh dksBjh ds ij dh f[kM+dh vkSj fcydqy Hkwfe ls yxh gqbZ tkyhA dkjkx`g ds lkrksa foHkkx Qwy dh ia[ kqfM+;ksa dh
rjg ,d dsanz ls fudydj Qsys gq, gksus ds dkj.k izR;sd foHkkx dk vakxu vxys foHkkx dh ihB ls lVk gqvk FkkA vr% izR;sd foHkkx
dh bekjr ls fiNokM+s ds foHkkx ls vkSj vkaxu esa f[kM+dh ij p<s+ gq, euq; ls ckr djuk laHko gksrk] ijarq ;g dk;Z cgqr ladV dk
FkkA
f[kM+fd;kas ij okkkZyki
dksBjh esa iM+s ydM+h ds r[Rk dks [kM+k djds ml nks iq:k apkbZ dh NksVh&lh f[kM+dh dh lyk[kksa ls yVddj] blds ckotqn fd gkFk
ruko ls VwVrk gqvk eglql gksus yxrk] ge uhps vkaxu esa [kM+s vius bV fe=ksa ls okkkZyki fd, fcuk ugha jgrsA dbZ ckj ,d
O;fDr vFkZkkL= vFkok jktuhfr dks ysdj kadk,a djrk vkSj mudk lek/kku ml v/;kid }kjk gksrk tks f[kM+dh ij yVdk jgrkA
brus esa fdlh okWMZj ;k teknkj dk [k[kkjuk dkuksa esa iM+rs gh gM+cM+k, gq, fk; vkSj vkpk;Z nksuksa dks gh ogka ls pair gksrs&gksrs
ukdksa ne vk tkrkA ,sls le; ,dne f[kM+dh ls uhps dwnus dh gM+cM+kgV esa dbZ ckj jktcanh /kM+ke ls uhps fxj tkrs gksaxAs dbZ ckj
mudk kjhj Bksdj [kkdj yM+[kM+k;k gksxkA ckr djus dk nwljk lk/ku og tkyh Fkh tks dksBjh dh Hkhr ls lVkdj nhokj esa xgjh
cSBkbZ gqbZ FkhA dqN bl rjg fd nwljh rjQ dksBjh ls dqN Hkh u fn[ks] ijarq gok ds fy, Lfkku gksA bl tkyh ds ihNs dh vksj
dHkh&dHkh bl foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks Hkkstu djus cSBk;k tkrk Fkk] fQj D;k] volj feyrs gh ge ml tkyh ds Nsnksa ij b/kj ls eqag
yxkdj vkSj gekjs m/kj ds lgcanh Hkkstu dh Fkkyh ds lkFk cSBdj LoLFkfpk ugha rks vkkadkiwoZd] ijarq ,dkxzfpk gksdj ckrsa djrsA
dkjkxkj dk VsyhQksu
og tkyh ;kuh dkjkx`g dk VsyhQksuA ml tkyh vFkkZr~ ^nwjHkkk* esa cksyus dk dksbZ volj fdlh ds vkl&ikl u gksus vFkok Hkjkslsean
O;fDr ds gksus ds dkj.k gh vkrk FkkA bl rjg dh lwpuk nsus ds fy, gkFk esa idM+h Hkkstu dh Fkkyh dks mu
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
144
lyk[kksa ij [kM+[kM+ ekjuk gh /ofuokg nwj /ofu dh ?kaVh ctkuk le>k tkrk FkkA ysfdu tc bl /ofuokg }kjk nqDj gksus yxk rc
,d ^VsyhQksu* Hkh jktcafn;ksa dks <wa<+uk iM+kA og VsyhQksu dkSu lk Fkk] ;g vkxs irk py tk,xkA
bl izdkj ,d ugha] vusd ;qfDr&iz;qfDr;ksa }kjk geus vkil esa vius fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku tkjh j[kkA tSl&s tSls gels vU; yksxks a
dks nwj ys tkus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds vkil esa ckrphr djus vFkok ladsr djus ij Hkh izfrca/k yxk;k tkrk
oSls&oSls gh gekjh ckrphr] fopkj&fofue; djus dh bPNk izcy gksrh vkSj og vkilh laokn rFkk fofue; vf/kd rhoz xfr ls pyrkA
bu lkjh ;qfDr;kas dh lgk;rk ls] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] tc gesa dksYgw ls gVkdj jLlk cVus ds dke esa yxk;k x;k rc geus
mu nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa dh fk{kk dk dke gkFk esa ys fy;k ftUgsa gekjs d{k esa vifjgk;Z :i esa j[kk x;k FkkA os lkjs jktcanh vui<+
Js.kh ds ugha FksA myVs izk;% lHkh izosfkdk rFkk dkWyst dh ,d&nks d{kk,a ikl dj pqds FksA ijarq jktuhfr vkfn kklu foKku dh mPp
fk{kk] tks jktuhfrd ur`Ro ds fy, vko;d Fkh] mUgsa izkIr ugha gqbZ FkhA og fk{kk nsuk izkjaHk djrs gh gesa tks igyh vM+pu fn[kkbZ
nh] og Fkh iqLrdksa ds fok; esaA
iqLrdksa dh deh
izFker% esjh viuh tks iqLrdsa Fkh] mUgsa Fkkus esa gh esjh futh laifk gksus ds dkj.k tCr dj fy;k x;k FkkA vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa ds
ikl tks iqLrdsa Fkh os muds vkanksyu dh ekfld ef=dk,a FkhA ;s iqLrdsa Hkh lIrkg eas jfookj dks gh i<+us dks feyrh vkSj cgqr dr
FkhA os Fkh&Jh jked`.k rFkk foosdkuan dh dqN iqLrdsa] VkWyLVkW; dh ^My Religion* vkfn ,d&nks iqLrrdsa vkSj ksk ,uh cslasV ds
fFk;kslksfQdy nkZu dhA ,d okWMZj mUgsa ,d dacy esa lCth dh rjg Hkjdj gj d{k esa ?kwerk vkSj jktcafn;ksa esa ckaVrk vkSj fQj kke
gksrs gh okil ys tkrkA okLro esa i<+us dks ,d iqLrd feyrh] ijarq ftldh og gks mls gh] vksj og Hkh dsoy la/;k le; pkj ls Ng
cts rdA fnu esa dke igkM+ [kM+k djds i<+us ugha fn;k tkrk vkSj jkr esa dksBjh esa ?kqi va/ksjk gksrk] blfy, i<+k ugha tk ldrk FkkA
ml ij Hkh ,d vkSj dVizn fu;e ;g fd ,d jktcanh dh iqLrd] mldh bPNk gksus ij Hkh] nwljs jktcanh dks nsus dh vuqefr ugha
Fkh] Hkys gh og nwljk jktcanh mlls vkB&nl dneksa ij gh dke D;kas u djrk gksA ftldh iqLrd gks ogh mls i<+s] ckjh dk ;g l[r
vknsk FkkA lIrkg esa ,d jn~nh lekpkj&i= i<+uk Hkh lk/kkj.k canh ds fy, vlaHko Fkk] vr% og i;kZIr FkkA gka] ,d lqfkf{kr jktcanh
dks grs esa ,d
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NksVh lh iqLrd dgka rd iwjh iM+rhA ijarq og mls cnydj ugha ys ldrk FkkA iM+ksl ds jktcanh ds ikl iM+h gqbZ iqLrd Hkh cnys esa
ysuk vlaHko! Ijarq mls cnydj og nwljh ysus ugha nsxk ;k iM+kslh ls vkil esa cnydj yh gqbZ ,d gh iqLrd nwljs dks i<+rk ns[krs
gh okWMZj teknkj dh ikapksa vaxqfy;ka ?kh esa! ml jktcanh ij vfHk;ksx yxkdj ckjh lkgc ds lkeus viuh rRijrk ,oa dk;Z{kerk dk
iznkZu djus dk lqugjk volj Hkyk dkSu tkus ns\ os ml jktcanh ij >iV~Vk ekjdj vPNh rjg ls tkap&ij[kdj fd cnys ekad
dh iqLrd nwljs ds gkFk esa gS] nksuksa dks ckjh ds dk;kZy; esa ?klhVdj ys vkrsA
^blus iqLrd nh vkSj mlus yh] gqtwj! Dgrs gq, iqu% gYyk&xqYyk gksrk] vfHk;ksx
vijk/k ls larIr gksdj pkj&pkj fnuksa dh gFkdM+h dk naM Bksadus esa dksbZ dlj ugha
pkj&pkj fnu rd jktcafn;ksa dks gFkdM+h esa yVdkdj fnu Hkj [kM+k fd;k tkrkA gks
dks ij[kus ds vuqkklu dk jktcanh ikyu djsa] blfy, ml rjg fu;e vkSj gFkdM+h
yxk;k tkrk vkSj i;Zos{kd lqifjaVsaMasV Hkh ml

NksMr
+ kA ?kM+h Hkj iqLrd i<+us ds ?kksj vijk/k esa
ldrk gS fd jked`.k ds pfj= ls i<+s gq, rRoksa
esa yVdkus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gksA
iqLrdsa i<+us ds ekxZ esa ck/kk Mkyus esa ckjh lkgc vxz.kh jgrsA bl iafMr izoj dk ;g fl}kar Fkk fd iqLrd iBu ls Hkkjrh; ;qod
ikxy gks tkrs gSaA ihNs tks Jh;qr a a a ads ikxy gksus dh ckr ckjh lkgc us eq>ls dgh Fkh] mlesa Hkh mlus dgk Fkk] ^ôs Hkh
fFk;kslkWfQdy iqLrd i<+rs gSa] blfy, ljfQjs cu x,A** vPNk] fFk;kslkWfQdy vFkok jked`.k vkfn dh Hkksyh&Hkkyh] euq; dks ikxy
cukusokyh iqLrdksa dks NksM+ fn;k tk, rks D;k og jktuhfr dh ikkk.k ln`k dBksj iqLrdksa dks iBuh; le>rk Fkk\ jke&jke! Okg Lo;a
dqN de i<+k&fy[kk ugha FkkA gkbZ Ldwy dh iwjh ikap d{kk rd i<s+ Fks egkk;A brus izdkaM iafMr dks bldk ijh{kdRo lkSaik x;k Fkk
fd dkjkx`g esa dkSu lh iqLrd vkuh pkfg,A og iqLrd ljy vaxszth Hkkkk dh rFkk ljy fok; dh gks] ftldks [kksyrs gh ckjh lkgc
dks iwjk cks/k gksA vU;Fkk ;fn og dksbZ nkZu vFkok lektkkL= dh xw<+ iqLrd gks rks nks&pkj iUus iyVrs gh ûkWulsal Vk* dgdj mls
vFkZghu ?kksfkr dj Qasd fn;k tkrkA le>us ;ksX; gks] ijarq mlesa ûsku*] ^daVh* tSlk ,dk/k kCn Hkh gks rks mls jktnzksg ?kksfkr djrs
gq, Iysx ds dhVk.kq dh rjg R;kT;] vNwr le>dj frtksjh esa can dj fn;k tkrkA ckjh lkgc dk dguk gh Fkk&^^;g daVh&kaVh dh
iqLrdsa ge ugha ns[k ldrs] D;ksafd bUgha iqLrdksa us u`kal gR;kjs fufeZr fd, gSa vkSj ;ksxkfn dh Hkksyh&Hkkyh fFk;kslkWQh dh iqLrdsa] os Hkh
okLro esa ugha nsuh pkfg,A ijarq D;k djsa] lqifjaVsaMsaV lqurk ugha]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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okLro esa bUgha iqLrdksa ls euq; ikxy curk gSA**

iqLrdksa dk oSkE;
ckjh lkgc Lo;a vYi fkf{kr Fks] vr% ;k rks bZ;kZok vFkok bl dkj.k fd fkf{kr canh iksVZ Cysvj ds bl ijeskoj ds jksc esa ugha
vkrs] vFkok nksuksa dkj.kksa ds pyrs] tks Hkh gks] ijarq ckjh rFkk ,d&nks lqifjaVsaMsaV Hkh iqLrd i<+us dk uke ysrs gh }sk ls Hkj tkrsA
dksbZ canh ;fn rackdw Qkadrk gks rks ckjh mldh vksj /;ku ugha nsrs] mls NksM+ nsrs vkSj viuh blh n;kkhyrk dk o.kZu djrs] ij
fdlh canh dks LysV dk VqdM+k gkFk esa ysrs] iqLrd i<+rs vksj bruk gh ugha] mls vius ikl j[ks Hkh ns[krs rks muds ryoksa esa vkx yx
tkrhA ^fdrkc eaxrk gS] lkyk! ;s txg Ldwy ugha gSA vius cki ds ?kj D;ksa ugha i<+k \ Hkst nks lkys dks dksYgw esaA de&ls&de lkys
dh fdrkc rks tCr dj yksA*
ckjh lkgc dbZ ckj viuh jk; izdV djrs fd foksk :i esa jktcafn;ksa dks iqLrdsa i<+us ds fy, nsus ls mudh iqLrdh; Hkkouk ,oa
ûkVdh;* o.kZu i<+dj mudh cqf}] tks dkjkokl dh ;krukvksa ls ^fBdkus* ij vkbZ Fkh] iqu% iwoZ laLdkj;qDr iBu ls HkM+dh gqbZ vkx
esa tyus yxrh gS] ,rnFkZ ;fn mUgsa euq; cukuk gks] lq/kkjuk gks rks bl rjg dh iqLrdsa ugha nsuh pkfg,A ;fn dksbZ jktcanh i<+ us dh
vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, fLFkfr ds v/kksxkeh vkdkZ.k ls dqfVy cuk fn[krk] rks ckjh lkgc dks yxrk fd og lq/kj jgk gSA mls og dM+s
igjs vFkok wj n`fV{ksi esa ugha j[krkA bu fopkjksaokys ml canhiky ds ;s fopkj mlds rRdkyhu ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh :<+ Fks vkSj
blfy, mudh fufpr jk; cu pqdh Fkh fd dkjkx`g esa ,slh fdlh Hkh rjg dh ,sfrgkfld iqLrdsa] tks bu Eyku] grkk] =Lr jktcafn;ksa
dks lathouh nsrh gSa] nsuk mUgsa lq/kkjus vFkok mUgsa nafMr djus ds fy, canhx`g esa j[kusokys naMfoKku ds mn~ns; dks foQy djuk gSA
^,sfrgkfld vFkok /kkfeZd iqLrdsa i<+dj muds fujkk rFkk fu:Rlkgh eu% iqu% vkkkoku] LokfHkeku ,oa mRlkgh cu tkrs gSa vkSj
canhx`g esa gh vius vkidks dnkfpr~ ikih le>us ds LFkku ij jktcanh le>us yxrs gSaA*
iqLrdksa dk ifj.kke
,d izdkj ls ml ifj.kke rd vanekuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vfHkizk; lR; Fkk fd ouokl esa /kekZfnd ikaMoksa ds eu dks tc&tc
vkRefuank] vkReyTtk rFkk gRkkkHkko la=Lr djrk] rc&rc ;g dgrs gq, fd ^vjs ;qf/kfBj! Uyjkt ij HkhA
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blh rjg dk ladV vk;k Fkk vkSj izHkq jkepan ij Hkh* muds HkXu mRlkg dks iqu% psruk
;gh ifj.kke gksrkA xrdkyhu ,sfrgkfld ohj dkO; rFkk ohj xkFkk vFkok xhrk dk deZ;ksx
mu jktcafn;ksa dk xqIr pSrU; mn~nhIr gksrk] dbZ ckj vkReyTtk uV gks tkrh vkSj eu
f/kDdkjrs gq, xjtus yxrkA dkjkx`g ds a a avkSj ftl vFkZ ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dguk
pkfg,A
iznku djus ds fy, _fk;ksa ds vk[;kuksa dk

vFkok mifuknksa dk czokn i<+dj dbZ ckj
vkRexkSjo ls mYyflr gksdj ;krukvksa dks
gksrk fd iqLrdsa vo; i<+us ds fy, nsuh
izFker% geus ,slh izfk{kk dk vknku&iznku vkjaHk fd;k tks iqLrd ds fcuk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] dqN
la[;k esa vusd izdkj ls jktcanh bdV~Bs gks ldrs Fks] ckrphr dj ldrs FksA mldk ykHk mBkdj mUgsa] tks esjs d{k esa jgus ds fy,
vk, gq, Fks] eSaus izFker% ekSf[kd :i esa gh ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ka crkus dk iz;kl fd;kA dgha&u&dgha cafn;ksa dh /kka/kyh esa ,df=r gksdj
vFkok nwj chl ixksa ij cSBdj Hkh igjsnkjksa ds lgkuqHkwfriwoZd dku u /kjus ls tksj&tksj ls ckr djrs gq, vkSj vkgV yxrs gh ekSu
ozr dk ikyu djrs gq, vFkok ckjh vk gh x, rks ^gka] ckr dj jgs Fks* bl rjg nckdj dgrs gq, gFkdM+h dk naM lgrs dqN Hkh
djds lIrkg esa nks&pkj ,sfrgkfld v/;k; eSa muds lkeus dgus yxkA izFker% fganqLFkku dk osndky ls bfrgkl] mlds foHkkx vkSj
:Ikjs[kk crkdj mlds Ikpkr~ muesa ls egku~ dky ds kkludkkZvksa ds pfj=ksa dk o.kZu djrk] mlds mijkar ;wjksih; vokZphu
bfrgkl&usiksfy;u] eSftuh] xSjhckYMh vkSj fokskdj rRdkyhu Mxexkrs :l ds izpaM vkanksyu dk bfrgkl lqukrkA mlds ipkr~
vFkZkkL= ds xw<+ ro vkSj kklu foKku vkSj jktuhfr kklu dh ppkZ djrkA vkxs pydj tSls&tSls jktcafn;ksa dh la[;k c<+rh xbZ
vkSj gM+rky] c[ksMs+] VaVs] >xM+s gksrs&gksrs vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ,slh voLFkk gks xbZ fd ^rksck] viuh NkN ls] bu dqkksa ls NqMk+ A bdV~Bk
cSBks] i<+ks] tks eu esa vk, djks] ijarq dke djks vkSj vkanksyu djds gesa rax er djks*] rc bUgha laf{kIr laoknksa dk :ikarj gksus yxkA
jfookj dh cSBd esa ppkZ fNM+rh] tks lIrkg Hkj lk/kkj.kr% Hkax jgh FkhA ijarq fokskr% jfookj lqcg ukS cts rd gesa out djus
vFkok ?kkl dkVus ds fy, viuh dksBfj;kas ls ckgj j[kk tkrk] rc tks ikap&nl jktcanh esjs d{k esa gksrs] muds lkFk eSa ,d rjg cSB
tkrkA gj ,d dks ,d fok; fn;k tkrkA og ml ij cksyrkA mlds Ikpkr~ ml fok; ij ppkZ gksrhA var esa ;FkklaHko ,d jkVxhr
xk;k tkrkA og xksBh izk;% Hkkxrs ?kksM+s ij gh gksrh] u fd flagklu vFkok ;ksxklu ijA D;ksafd bldk dksbZ fu;e ugha Fkk fd dc
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igjsnkj fxjrk&iM+rk] gkaQrk gqvk vkrk vkSj dgrk] ^ckjh vkrk gS* vFkok dt teknkj ^,s ce&xksysokyks] rqe cM+s cskeZ yksx gks] fQj
cu x;k te?kV\ tkvks] ?kkl dkVks] mBrs gks ;k ugha* dgrk gqvk xkyh&xykSt djrs gq, vk /kedrkA fdlh ds Hkh vkrs gh
oDrk&Jksrkvksa ds lkFk xksBh Hkkxus yxrh vkSj mlds fNUu&fHkUu lnL;ksa esa ls dksbZ ?kkl esa] rks dksbZ Vhu dh vkM+ esa] rks dksbZ cjru
ds cgkus nqcddj cSBrkA iqu% og vka/kh Fke tkus ds Ikpkr~ og cSBd] tSls fd igys o.kZu fd;k gS&^Let the Legions thunder past
and plunged in deep thought again* iqu% fopkjksa esa [kks tkrhA
bl rjg vka/kh&ikuh Fkeus ls dHkh&dHkh fdlh ukSflf[k, euq; dh vkReksigklkRed izofk mtkxj gks tk, vkSj bl cSBd dh gs;rk dk
izfrHkkl gksus yxs rks eSa bZlkb;ksa dh ^Hkkxrh izkFkZukvksa* dk Lej.k fnykrkA ;gwfn;ksa ds paxqy esa viuk /kkfeZd vkpkj rFkk /kkfeZd la?k
dk fu;e bZlkb;ksa dks izFker% tc ikyu djuk iM+k rc dHkh lqjax esa dcz ds lkeus] dHkh dkjkx`g esa izkFkZuk ds fy, ?kqVus Vsdrs gh
jkseu yksxksa ds vkus dh vkgV gksrh vkSj rqjar HkxnM+ eprhA iqu% vloj feyrs gh ,df=r gksdj izkFkZuk iwjh dh tkrhA ;s Hkkxrh
xksfB;ka blh izdkj dh Hkkxrh izkFkZuk,a FkhA dkjkx`g dh v/kksxfr dks ey Hkj ds fy, jksddj ;s xksfB;ka eu dks mPprk] mnkkrk dh
vksj mUeq[k djrh A vaneku ds ml canhokl esa jfookj dk ;g ^Hktu* eSaus okksZa blh rjg pkyw j[kk FkkA mlesa fdruh lkjh
jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd] HkkkkkkL= fok;d] lkfgfR;d] kkL=h; vkfn fok;ksa dh gkiksg rFkk ppkZ gqbZ gksxhA dHkh&dHkh eu dks larksk Hkh
feyrk fd ckY;kdky esa ukfld ds Ikpkr~ iq.ks esa] iq.ks ds Ikpkr~ cacbZ esa] cacbZ ds mijkar baXySaM esa vkSj baXySaM ds Ikpkr~ vc
vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa Hkh jfookj dk og jkVh; Hktu vkSj jkVh; Kku l= fujarj pkyw j[kuk laHko gqvkA ml fu;e dk ikyu
laHko gqvkA dHkh gkse ds foLrh.kZ LFkafMy esa rks dHkh foonso ds fcks dqaM esa] ijarq vfXu dh vkgqfr Vy ugha ldhA blhfy, rks vfXu
thfor jghA
Hkkxrh cSBd ds vfrfjDr tks nwljk egoiw.kZ lk/ku ge fk{kk izlkjkFkZ iz;qDr dj jgs Fks] og Fkk pwus ls iksrh gqbZ dksBjh dh nhokjsa
vkSj NksVh&NksVh dhysa rFkk jkeckal dsrdh dh tkfr dk ,d ikS/kk] ftlds ikksa dks dwVdj jfLl;ka cukrs gSads dkaVsA canhx`g esa
jktcafn;ksa ds isafly rFkk dkxt j[kus ij izfrca/k FkkA muds kjhj rFkk dksBfj;ksa dh dldj rykkh yh tkrh] rFkkfi izk;% izR;sd
jktcanh ds ikl vaxqyh Hkj fpV~Bh fy[kus ;ksX; dkxt dk VqdM+k vkSj isafly ds lhls dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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lykbZ dk NksVk lk VqdM+k] ftldh ijh ydM+h Hkh fudky nh xbZ gS vkSj ftls vaxqfy;ksa esa idM+uk Hkh dfBu gksrk Fkk] bruh lkexzh
rks vo; gksrh FkhaA ;g lkexzh dHkh eqag esa] rks dHkh ckyksa esa] rks dHkh bl gkFk dh rykkh ysrs le; ml gkFk esa] ugh arks ,dne a a a
augha canhx`g ds vfrxksiuh; rF; dk mn~?kkVu ugha djsaxsA gekjh lkjh ;qfDr;kas dh iksy [kqy xbZ rks iqu% dHkh bl rjg dh ;k=k dk
izlax vkus ij dkxt&isafly fNikuk dfBu gh gksxk u!
ijarq bl rjg ds vaxqyh Hkj dkxth VqdM+s fpV~Bh fy[kus ds fy, Hkys gh mi;qDr gksa] fk{kk ds fy, fuca/k ys[kukFkZ vFkok fVIif.k;ka
fy[kus ds fy, mi;qDr ugha FksA gekjs igys gh okZ esa bl rjg dh ,d vM+pu dk izlax lkeus vk;kA ge vkj-ih-ih ds ,d izfl}
Hkw&xHkZkkL=h xazFk dk ikjk;.k dj jgs FksA cpiu ls gh gesa vknr Fkh fd iqLrd i<+rs gh ,d cgh esa mldk egoiw.kZ lkjkak mrkj
ysrs rkfd mls Le`fr esa lafpr dj ldsaA vknr ds vuqlkj ml HkkSxfHkZd dky dh dkye;kZnk dh fVIi.kh geus dksBjh esa ,d yack lk
dkxt tkdy mlij mrkjhA nwljs fnu og iqLrd ykSVkus ds Ikpkr~ kke dks }kj can gksus ij vkjke ls mld dkxt dks fudkydj eSa
i<+uk vkjaHk dj gh jgk Fkk fd brus esa [kV&[kV twrs [kM+dkrs vle; esjh rykkh ysus ds fy, vksojlh;j lkgc vk, vkSj njoktk
[kksydj esjh rykkh ysus yxsA esjh rks dHkh&dHkh fnu esa rhu ckj rykkh yh tkrhA tc ckjh us vuqHko fd;k fd lkS esa nks ckj Hkh
;g lekpkj lR; ugha fudyk] rc dgha tkdj rykkh dk ;g e lekIr gqvkA
vpkud Nkik iM+k
ml le; og yack lk dkxt fNikuk vlaHko gks x;kA mls mBkrs gq, vksojlh;j us iwNk] ^^;g D;k\** eSaus dgk] ^ûksV~l] fVIif.k;kaA**
mlus cyiwoZd trk;k] ^^dkjkx`g esa iqLrdksa ds uksV~l oxSjg dqN ugha ys ldrsA** rFkkfi dqN cM+k c[ksMk+ mifLFkr djus dk lkSHkkX;
izkIr gksxk] bl vkkk ls mlus dkxt Bhd mtkys esa vkSj fQj vHkh&vHkh yxh gqbZ ckh ds ikl ys tkdj i<+k rks D;k Pliocene,
Miocene, Neolithic vkfn ViVkax kCnksa dh jsyisyA ^^What Cipher is this?** ;g dkSu lh ladsr fyfi gS\ mlus fdafpr~
kadkdqy eqnzk esa vkSj fdafpr~ bl Hkko ls fd ^vkf[kj jaxs gkFk idM+ gh fy;k* cM+s BkB ls iwNkA eSaus etkd esa dgk] ^^HkkSxfHkZd**
ft;ksykWftdyA rc dgha QqlQqlkrs gq, teknkj us dgk fd bls dy ys vkvks vkWfQl esaA bl ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k gksxkA mlh rjg
vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k] ijarq og gekjk igyk gh dkjkx`gh; ^vijk/k* psrkouh nsus ij jQk&nQk gks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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x;k vkSj nks lIrkg rd iqLrd iBu can djus dk naM fn;k x;kA38
rc] vc iqLrdksa dk lkjkak dSls fy[ksaA oSls ge dfork djrs rks Fks] ij mUgsa fy[ksa dgka \ jktcafn;ksa dks lkIrkfgd O;k[;kuksa esa fn,
vFkZkkL=] bfrgkl vkfn eq[; fok;ksa ds uksV~l nsdj muls ;kn djk ysus dk dk;Z dSls gks \ brus dkxt dgka ls yk,a\ vkSj yk,a Hkh rks
laHkkys vkSj fNik, dSls tk,a\ Nqik;k rks Hkh i<+us ds le; vf/kdkjh ns[ksaxs] mUgsa va/ksjs esa dSls j[kk tk,\ rHkh lkeus dh nhokj ij
n`fV xbZ vkSj ;qfDr fn[khA vjs] ;gh rks dkxt gS! Pkwus ls iqrh yach&pkSMh+ ;g nhokj!
iqrh nhokj vkSj jkeckWal dk dkaVk
ihNs cacbZ esa Hkk;[kyk esa NksVh lh dhy ;k bZaV ds VqdM+s ls eSa fHkfk ij fy[kk djrkA ijarq og iz;ksx v/kwjk Fkk] vc og cM+s iSekus
ij djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj esjh laiw.kZ kfDr rd] Hkjiwj pkSng okksZa rd og dke esa vkbZA ,d fnu pqipki njokts dh dqaMh es a
[kksaluk vkSj dksBjh dk njoktk can gksrs gh izk;% og eghuksa can gh jgrk] Hkhr ij LraHkksa ds lkFk fy[kuk izkjaHk fd;kA bl lkrosa d{k
dh lHkh nhokjsa Lo;a ,d&,d xazFk gh FkhA eSa jLlh cVrk ml nhokj ij Lisalj dh vKs; ehekalk dk ;qfDrokn ;Fkke mrkjrk x;k
FkkA ^deyk* izk;% ml lkrosa Hkkx dh nhokj ij jpk x;k Fkk vkSj ,d dksBjh esa fey ds vFkZkkL=h; xazFk dh lHkh egoiw.kZ O;k[;k,a
dhy ls [kksnh xbZ FkhA og blfy, dh izR;sd eghus tc esjh dksBjh dh cnyh gksrh rc dqN&u&dqN frdM+eckth dj nwljs d{k ls
vkusokys u, jktcafn;ksa esa ls] ftls vFkZkkL= dk v/;;u djuk gks] og esjh NksM+h gqbZ dksBjh esa ?kqlrk vkSj eghus Hkj esa mls daBLFk
djrkA tc vyx&vyx d{kksa esa esjh cnyh dh tkus yxh] rc izR;sd d{k esa esjh [kqnh gqbZ fVIif.k;ka dksBfj;ksa esa jgrh vkSj os jktcanh
mUgsa i<+rs] tks ek% lacaf/kdr dksBfj;ksa esa cnydj vkrsA
jktcafn;ksa dk Kku c<+kus ds fy, bl rjg lkIrkfgd lHkk,a] le;≤ ij volj feyrs gh ekSf[kd tkudkjh nsuk vkSj nhokj ij
[kqnh gqbZ fVIif.;ka] O;k[;k] m}j.k mrkjdj j[kuk& ;s rhu izeq[k lk/ku mi;ksx esa vkrsA nhokj ds bu xazFkksa ds fok; esa cl bruh gh
dfBukbZ gksrh fd mu fHkfk&i=ksa dh vk;q ek= ,d okZ dh gh gksrh] cschyksu ds bfVdk xazFkksa dh rjg lfn;ksa rd ughaA D;kasfd izfrokZ
,d ckj lQsnh dk dke kq: gksrs gh gekjs mu lkjs vueksy xazFkksa dks pwuk yx tkrk] vr% iqrkbZ] lQsnh dk dke izkjaHk gksus ls ,d
eghuk egys esjk osn?kksk dk dky gksrk rFkk vU; [kqnh gqbZ lkjh dforkvksa dk xqIr :i rFkk lw{e n`fV ls iBu djds mUgsa
38
fnaukd 6 fnlacj] 1911( var esa nh xbZ canh if=dk nsf[k,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
151
daBLFk djuk iM+rkA ;|fi fHkfk&i=ksa dh vk;q okZ Hkj dh gksrh] rFkkfi pwuk iksrus ls ,d vU; ykHk gksrkA iqjkus dkxtksa dk foukk
gksrk vkSj pwuk iksrus ls nhokj iqu% kqHkz gksrh vkSj u, dksjs&dksjs dkxtksa dk tUe gksrkA dHkh&dHkh bl dkaM dk HkaMk Hkh QwV tkrkA
ijarq vR;Yi] D;kasfd ml Hkhfk ij dh xbZ ckjhd [kqnkbZ i<+uk ,d foksk dyk gh FkhA mlesa ejkBh Hkkkk vFkok vFkZkkL=kfn xw< +
fok;ksa dh fVIif.k;kaA mls ckjh lkgc i<+ ik,a vkSj mldk vFkZ yxk ik,a&mudh ;ksX;rk rks bl rjg dh {kqnz] rqPN ckrsa le>us ls
dgha vf/kd aph Fkh! bruh fd tc&tc nhokj dqjsnus dk lansg fdlh ij gksrk rc ;g u le> ikus ij fd ;g ?klhVdj D;k fy[kk
gS] ckjh lkgc lPpkbZ ds lkFk vkjksi yxkrs] ^tku&cw>dj nhokj dk pwuk dqjsndj mUgsa fo:i fd;k x;k gS] rkfd ljdkjh okLrq dh
[kjkch gksA* ,d ckj gekjs T;sB ca/kq dks jkeckWal dk dkaVk vius ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa naM fn;k x;k FkkA ijarq jkeckWal ds dkWaVksa
ls gh mUgksaus foosdkuan dh iqLrd dh osnkar fok;d kadk,a rFkk vkis{k fy[ks Fks vFkkZr~ [kksns gq, FksA ijarq isafly feyuk vlaHko gksus ds
dkj.k viuh iqLrd ij Hkh i<+rs&i<+rs tks kadk,a mHkjrh] mUgsa vkSj mkjksa dks dkaVksa ls [kksnuk Hkh LiV gS fd dkjkx`gh; na M nsus ;ksX;
Cognisable Crime gh FkkA HkkSaMk+ u lgh ij fufpr vkSj fkV dksfVe esa cksyuk gks rks ckjh ;g dgrs] ^,s] ;g tsy gS] Ldwy
ughaA i<+us dk bruk kkSd gS rks cki ds ?kj D;ksa ugh lh[kk] b/kj vk;k gh D;kas \ yM+k ser] i<+k ser] dke djks] cl dke! vkSj ge
dqN ugha tkurkA*
dsoy i<+dj D;k djksxs
bl ck izfrca/k ds vfrfjDr jktcafn;ksa ds Kkuo/kZu esa ,d ck/kk vkSj Fkh] muesa ls dqN yksxksa dh viuh gh mnklhurkA jktcafn;ksa esa
ls izk;% lHkh yksx jkT; kafrdkjh FksA vr% Kku dh vis{kk deZ dh vksj mudk :>ku gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA mudk lgt vfHkizk; gksrk
fd i<+&fy[kdj D;k djuk gS] deZ djuk pkfg,] R;kx djuk gksxkA mUgsa bl rjg le>kuk iM+rk&vki esa ls tks izk;% ikap&lkr okksZa
ds naM ds fy, gh vk, gSa] os Hkxoku dh n;k ls tc dqDr gksaxs rc mUgsa dk;Z{ks= esa ;Fkk;ksX; dk;Z djus gSaA ml le; iqLrdsa er
i<+ukA ijarq b/kj tc rd i<+us ls vf/kd mi;ksxh izR;{k dk;Z djuk vlaHko gS rc rd rks vkids /;s; dh n`fV ls vf/kd mi;ksxh
izR;{k dk;Z djuk vlaHko gS rc rd rks vkids /;s; dh n`fV ls ;g le; KkuktZu esa O;rhr djuk vR;ar vko;d gSA laikfnr
djuk izkIr djuk ftruk dfBu gS mruk gh mls laHkkyuk Hkh dfBu gksrk gS vkSj mlesa ikjaxr u gksus ij rks vkSj Hkh dfBu
jktuhfrd] ,sfrgkfld] vFkZkkL=h; vkSj kklukkL=h; fo?kkrd
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
152
dk;Z Hkh fcuk Kku ds mfpr <ax ls ugha fd;k tk ldrkA rc rks og loZFkk gh vlaHko gSA bZjku dk gh mnkgj.k yhft,A jkT; kafr
gks xbZ] ijarq jkT; laLFkkiu vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, vko;d fo/kk;d ikjaxrrk kafrdkfj;ksa esa rks ugha Fkh ftruh f dog vko;d Fkh]
vr% vesfjdk ls vk;&O;; esa fuiq.k O;fDr dks ykuk iM+k vkSj vFkZO;OkLFkk tSls vR;ar egoiw.kZ dk;Z esa nwljs ds gkFk ls ikuh ihuk
iM+k] ftlls nwj&nwj rd va/ksjk Nk x;kA ek= foukk dh va/kh izofk fdl rjg vius gh iSjkas ij dqYgkM+h ekjrh gS] ;g lc kal dh
jkT; kafr ls lh[kdj ;FkklaHko fo?kkrd kfDr dk izfrjks/k djuk pkfg,A phu esa Hkh iztkra= x.kra=& RepublicLFkkfir gksrs gh
izFke mldks kklukkL= esa fuiq.k yksxksa ds vHkko dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ,sls fokskKksa dks fonsk ls ykuk iM+kA vFkkZr~ ek= phu ds fgr
dh vksj /;ku nsuk vkSj vius gh Lotkfr;ksa dh rnFkZ gkfu djuk] muls loZFkk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k jkT; O;oLFkk esa va/ksj[kkrk [kqy
x;kA vr% kklukkL=h; Kku dks [khjk&ddM+h ugha le>uk pkfg,A bl dk;Z esa vkidks mudk vknkZ lkeus j[kdj pyuk pkfg,
ftUgsa mnkjeroknh dgk x;k gSA mnkjerokfn;ksa esa ftl rjg vFkZfon~ jktuhfrK] kklukkL=h gSa mlh rjg vki yksxksa esa de&ls& de
xks[kys vFkok nk vFkok lj ek/kojko dgka gS\ vr% de&ls&de tc rd izR;{k dk;Z dqN Hkh u djus dh bl vlgk; vFkok c}
voLFkk esa vki gSa] rc ek= efD[k;ka ekjrs gq, vFkok fparkxzLr gksdj le; fcrkus dh vis{kk geesa ls gj dksbZ ;FkklaHko viuk
Kkuo/kZu djsA
jktuhfrd bfrgklkkL=] jktuhfrd kklukkL= vkSj jktuhfrd vFkZkkL=
fokskr% vius vaxhd`r dk;Z ds fy, vko;d jktuhfrd bfrgklkkL=] jktuhfrd kklukkL= rFkk jktuhfrd vFkZkkL=] bu rhu
kkL=ksa dk dqN&u&dqN v/;;u izR;sd O;fDr dks djuk gh pkfg,A /keZ dk;Z dh rjg gh jktuhfr esa Hkh Kku;qDr deZ gh lekt ds
fy, fgrdkjd gksxkA vki bl le; ,d lsok&R;kx dh ;kruk lgus dh fuf; losok dj gh jgs gSaA mlds lkFk&lkFk gh vkiesa ls
izR;sd vius&vius lkeus ;g rkRdkfyd y{; j[ks fd og ,dy lsok djrs&djrs gh vaxhd`r dk;kZFkZ vko;d fo}rk dk Hkh ;FkklaHko
mikZtu djs vkSj bl izdkj ek= ohjn`fV ls dk;Z djus dh tks ,dy ;ksX;rk blls iwoZ vki esa Fkh] mlesa vc Kkun`fV Hkh tksM+dj
nksgjh ;ksX;rk vkRelkr~ djsA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
153
izdj.k&13
fganqLFkku ls i=&O;ogkj vkSj lekpkj&izkfIr

fganqLFkku dh tsy esa u j[krs gq, jktcafn;ksa dks dkysikuh Hksts tkus ij mUgsa tks lcls cM+h ihM+k Hkqxruh iM+rh] og Fkh& mudk
fganqLFkku ls laca/k VwV tkukA fganqLFkku fLFkr dkjkx`g eas de&ls&de izfr rhu&pkj eghuksa esa ,d ckj rks vius lacaf/k;ksa ls HksaV gksrh
gh gS] i= izkIr gksrs gSa vkSj ;fn dqN foksk dV gks rks izk;% izR;{k gh mu iqjkus cafn;ksa ds gkFkksa] tks eqDr gks tkrs gSa] ml dV dk
ckgj Hkst ldrs gSa] mls eq[kj dj ldrs gSaA iqu% vkrs&tkrs ckgj ds yksx dkjkxkjh; eaMy ds :i esa ;g fujh{k.k djus vkrs gh jgrs
gSa fd dkjkcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gSA bu lHkh ckrksa dk fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`g esa Hkh ml le; ;|fi bruk mi;ksx ugha gksrk Fkk ftruk
gksuk pkfg,] rFkkfi vaneku dh rqyuk esa fganqLFkku esa lkoZtfud n`fV dh jfe;ka dkjkx`g ds va/ksjs esa vf/kd rhozrkiwoZd rFkk vf/kd
lqyHkrk ds lkFk ?kql tkrh FkhA ijarq buesa ls ,d Hkh ykHk vaneku esa ugha feyrk Fkka ogka ds nl&ikap ;wjksih; vf/kdkjh&dsoy] ,d
eftLVsV] ,d MkWDVj] ,d lqifjaVsaMsaV vkSj ,d ml eaMy dk] tks muds foHkkxksa ij fuxjkuh j[kus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tkrk] og
vny&cnydj ogh lHkkln cursA mlh rjg lk;adkyhu hM+keaMy ds fe=] lgHkksth fnu ds ijLijkoyach jkT; foHkkxkf/kdkjh rFkk
jkf= ds xkus&ctkus&ukpus ds lkFkh Hkh A vr%muesa ls fdlh ds Hkh fo:} dqN fkdk;r dksbZ nwljk lqusxk] bldh vkkk u gksuk
LokkHkkfod gh FkkA
cafn;ksa dks ,d okZ ds mijkar ,d ckj i= Hkstus dh vuqefr FkhA39 og Hkh la{ksi esa fy[kksa] NksVk i= fy[kksA bl izdkj ds vkrad dh
dSaph esa fy[kk gqvk
39
ohj lkojdj }kjk vius vuqt MkW- ukjk;.k cky nkeksnj lkojdj dks fyf[kr i=ksa dk laxzg ^vaneku ds va/ksjs ls khkZd ls
izdkfkr gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
154
i=A mlesa Hkh og [kqys :i esa gh Hkstk tk,xk] fyQkQs eas ughaA izFker% dkjkx`g dk vf/kdkjh] fQj mifuoskh; vf/kdkjh mldh ijh{kk
djsaxs vkSj ;fn mUgsa ilan vk x;k rks os HkstasxsA ;g ckr igys ls lHkh dks LiV dh tkrh fd dkjkx`g ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj Hkh ugha
fy[kk tk,xk] vU;Fkk fu;e fo:} i= gksus ds dkj.k mls dqM+snku esa Qsad fn;k tk,xkA bl izdkj uqdhyh /kkjnkj dSaph ls drjk gqvk
vaxqB ek= ksk i= Hkstk tk,xk] og Hkh okZ esa ,d ckj vkSj og Hkh rc tc ml iwjs okZ es ,d ckj Hkh naM&iafDr esa u cSBsA
/khjs&/khjs lqLrkuk] vle; kkSpkfn] fudV cSBs canh ls ckr djuk] bl rjg ds lk/kkj.k vijk/kksa ds fy, Hkh D;ksa u gks] ijarq ,dk/k
dkjkx`gh; naM feyk gks rks fQj ml rjg dk nks vaxqyh Hkj i= Hkh okZ esa Hkstus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr gksuk iM+rk FkkA vc D;k ;g
crkuk Hkh gksxk fd bl rjg iwjs okZ mlh rjg dBksj vuqkklu esa ,oa lk/kkj.k vijk/k ls Hkh cpdj nafMr gq, fcuk okZ&;kiu djuk
fdruk nqdj gSA bl voLFkk esa i= }kjk vius vki ij VwVs dVksa ds igkM+ dh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa igqap kus dh vkkk rks nwj jgh]
okkZar esa vius ?kj ds fiz;tuksa ds ek= dqky&{kse dk o`k Hkh le>us vFkok mUgsa ;g lwfpr djus fd vHkh rd ge thfor gSa] dh
vkkk djuk fujFkZd FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ls iwoZ rks bu fu;eksa dk vR;ar dBksjrkiwoZd ekyu fd;k tkrk FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vVwV
iz;klksa ls izFker% muds gh fy, vkSj Ikpkr~ yxko ls vU; cafn;ksa ds fy, Hkh dbZ fu;e fkfFky fd, x,] rFkkfi jktcanh dbZ ckj
nks&nks okkZsa rd ?kj esa i= ugha Hkst lds] u gh mUgsa ?kj ls dksbZ i= feykA
eqag lhdj vR;kpkj
Bhd gS] fganqLFkku esa ljdkj }kjk cafn;ksa ds tks i= Hksts tkrs] muesa canhoku Lo;a ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa dk mYys[k ugha dj ldrs Fks(
ijarq fganqLFkku fLFkr dkjkx`g esa] tSlkfd ij fof.kZr fd;k x;k gS] vU; izdkjksa }kjk Hkh viuh ckr dks eq[kj rks fd;k tk ldrk Fkk]
ijarq ;gka dnkfi ughaA izFker% dkjkxkj dk lekykspd eaMy ml rjQ vkrk gh ugha FkkA dHkh&dHkkj eftLVsV pDdj yxkrs] ijarq os
ckjh lkgc ds fo:} ugha tkrsA mifuosk ds dehku }kjk gh lHkh vkosnu&i= fganqLFkku ljdkj ds ikl tk,axsA os fkdk;r Hkjs
vkosnu&i= Hkstus ds fy, lkQ ûk* djrs gq, Qasd nsrs] fQj vU; yksxksa dks dkSu iwNrk gS \ fganqLFkku ls fu;fer :i ls lekykspd ds
:i esa fdlh ds Hkh vkus dk Hk; ugha FkkA dHkh dgha fdlh naxk&Qlkn dh ckr Qsy tkus ls gh ij ls dksbZ vkrkA bl rjg ckr
Qsy xbZ rks mls ij rd igqapkus ls jksdus dk iwjk&iwjk iz;kl gksuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA ,slh voLFkk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
155
esa ml vf/kdkjh&iapk;r ls ckgj vaneku dk lekpkj QwVuk dfBu gks tkrk FkkA ;s vf/kdkjh viuh&viuh U;k;cqf} ls vkosnu&i=
dh fkdk;rksa vkSj izfroknksa dk fu.kZ; ysrsA ijarq ;fn dHkh muds fu.kZ; esa fdlh dks vU;k; dk vkHkkl gqvk rks mldks ij rd
igqapkuk ;k pqxyh [kkuk vFkok lkoZtfud :i esa mldks izdV djuk fganqLFkku dh rqyuk ea vaneku esa cgqr dfBu dk;Z gks x;k FkkA
vc geskk gh eqDr gksusokys cafn;ksa ds }kjk ckgj lekpkj Hkstus dk tks fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`gksa esa lk/ku Fkk] mldk rks vaneku eas uke Hkh
ugha ys ldrs FksA tks vk,xk og chl&iPphl okksZa ds fy, A vFkkZr~ de&ls&de nl okZ rks dgha ugha x,A mlesa Hkh vaneku ds
mifuosk esa jgdj] thfor jgdj! fQj eqDr gksuk gSA loZFkk fojyk] dnkfpr~A fQj fganqLFkku esa!
fkdk;r izdV dSls djsa
,slh voLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus ;g izu [kM+k gqvk Fkk fd viuh ihM+k vius nskca/kqvksa d dkuksa rd dSls igaqpk,a \ ogka ds
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFkksa thfor jgdj eqDr gksus ds fy, ,dek= mik; Fkk& ftl vl dV esa jguk iM+rk Fkk mldh] dqN vak esa gh
D;ksa u gks] Hkud fganqLFkku ljdkj ds dkuksa esa Mkyuk] D;ksafd ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk LiV dguk Fkk fd rqe yksxksa ls ge tks
dBksjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djrs gSa mlesa gekjk dksbZ nksk ugha gSA gesa ij ls gh] fganqLFkku ljdkj dk dBksj vknsk gSA ;g lR; gS ;k
feF;k] ;g vktekus ds fy, Hkh fganqLFkku esa lwfpr djuk vko;d FkkA jktcanh tc vaneku esa tkrs rks mudks vaneku fok;d
fganqLFkku esa cl mruh gh rFkk mlh rjg tkudkjh gksrh ftruh fdlh gksuksywyw dh tkudkjh vkt gSA og dkykikuh gSA jktcanh ds
fuokZlu ds Ikpkr~ gh vaneku ls FkksMk+ ukeek= dk ifjp; gqvkA ijarq lk/kkj.k turk dks gh ugha] izk;% lHkh i=dkjksa dks Hkh vaneku
fok;d ek= lkykuk ^lc Bhd gS* ds vkxs dV ds ckjs esa dksbZ Hkh iwNrkN fganqLFkku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ugha djuh pkfg, vkSj cgqr
ls yksxkssa dh ;gh bPNk gksxh fd jktcafn;ksa dks ,d ckj ml dkysikuh ij NksM+ nsa rks iqu% mudh fdVfdV lquus dh vko;drk ugha gSA
Ikjarq mu lc izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh jktcafn;ksa us viuh ml fdVfdV dks fganqLFkku ljdkj ds dkuksa esa Mkyus dh ;kstuk cukbZA
;fn eqfDr ikuh gS] de&ls&de thfor jguk gS] rks vc ;g fd, fcuk cpuk vlaHko FkkA ;g lc Bhd] ijarq fcYyh ds xys esa ?kaVh
dkSu cka/ks\ bu jktcafn;ksa esa ,d lTtu Jh gksrhyky Fks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
156
tks la;qDr izkar ds U;k;y; ls jktnzksg ds vijk/k esa nl okZ dk naM ikdj vk, FksA mUgksaus vius ,d fe= dh lEefr ls dgk fd eSa
;g nkf;Ro ysrk gwaA ml le; rd jktcafn;ksa dh tks gM+rky] >xM+s gq, Fks] mlls Hkh lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls dqN le>nkj yksxksa ij
mldk FkksMk+ lk rkfod izHkko gqvk FkkA muesa ls dqN yksxksa ds eu esa bl rjg dh ,d /kqa/kyh vkkk iuius yxh Fkh] Hkys gh og
cgqrkak esa ikxyiu gks] fd gks ldrk gS ;g izksQslj] cSfjLVj] ,fMVj tSls yksx dnkfpr~ vaknksyu Ns M+dj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh >qdk,axs
vkSj ;fn ge bl fLFkfr esa mudh lgk;rk djsa rks vius vPNs fnuksa esa ;s gesa eqfDr Hkh fnyk ldrs gSaA ,sls gh dqN cafn;ksa ls ,d
^gksrh ckc* us dkxt izkIr djrs gh ,d i= fy[k MkykA
gksrhyky dk i=
gksrhyky us dksYgw dh gM+rky esa ckjh lkgc ls ysdj lqifjaVsaMasV rd lHkh dh ukd esa ne dj Mkyk FkkA os mkj Hkkjrh; kq} fganh rks
cksyrs gh Fks] ijarq vaxszth] mnZw esa Hkh izoh.k FksA :l] phu] tkiku vkfn lHkh nsk&fonsk dh lSj djds mUgksaus vusd vuqHko fy;s FksA
mUgsa rks loZFkk ^vlq/kkj.kh;* ?kksfkr djrs gq, ,d dksBjh esa dM+s igjs esa j[kk x;k FkkA ml dksBjh esa vkSj ml igjs esa mUgksaus
,d&,d iafDr djds ;g rhu LraHkksa dk i= iwjk fd;k FkkA muds ,d&nks fooluh; fe=ksa dks NksM+dj vU; jktcafn;ksa dks blesa ls ,d
v{kj Hkh Kkr ugha FkkA ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; og i=] ftlesa dkjkxkj ds jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa rFkk ckjh lkgc vkfn
ds O;ogkj dk foLr`r o.kZu Fkk] gksrh ckcw us u dsoy vius gLrk{kj ds lkFk izR;qr ml dM+s igjs esa fLFkr viuh dksBjh dk ekad
Hkh uhps fy[kdj cafn;ksa ds ckgj dke djus ds fy, tkus dh /kka/kyh esa fdlh ds gkFkksa ckgj Hkst fn;kA ijarq dkjkx`g ds ckgj Hkstus
dk vFkZ ,dne ckgj rks ugha] tSls fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa FkkA ml i= dks vaneku ds ikj tkuk Fkk] tks Lo;a gh ,d izpaM dkjkxkj
FkkA m/kj Hkh ,d ljdkjh fooklik= ;k=h ds fyQkQs esa pksjh&fNis og i= dydkk esa mrjk vkSj lqjasnzukFk rd igqap x;kA ,sls fnuksa
esa] tcfd kafrdkfj;ksa dk uke rd ysus esa cM+s&cM+s vfrjFkh] egkjFkh Fkj&Fkj dkairs Fks] rc mUgkasus og i= ^caxkyh* 40 uked vius
lekpkj&i= esa izdkfkr fd;kA bruk gh ugha vfirq ml ij viuh laikndh; fVIi.kh Hkh fy[khA og i= ^caxkyh* esa izdkfkr gksrs gh
vU; i=dkjksa dks Hkh mldh vksV esa fNidj FkksM+k&cgqr fy[kus dk lkgl gqvkA var esa dkSafly esa Hkh ml laca/k esa izukskj :i esa
ppkZ fNM+hA
40
^caxkyh* 27 vizSy] 1912 ds vad esa ;g i= izdkfkr gqvk FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
157
vaneku ls ckgj fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstuk ftruk dfBu Fkk] mruk gh ckgj ls vkSj iqu% jktuhfrd dkaM dk lekpkj fganqLFkku ls
vaneku esa ykuk vkSj gesa lwfpr djuk eqfdy FkkA vr% bruh frdM+eckth ls tks i= Hkstk x;k Fkk] og fga nqLFkku igqapk vFkok ml
O;fDr us ys tkus ds cgkus mls leqnz esa Qasd fn;k vFkok mlls Hkh vkxs mls ljdkj ds gkFkksa esa gh Fkek fn;k& os tks nks&rhu jktcanh
i= Hkstus dk Hksn tkurs Fks&bl fpark esa Mwcs Fks fd rHkh fganqLFkku dk lekpkj gekjs dkuksa rd igqap kus dk Mkd foHkkx dk dk;Z Lo;a
ckjh lkgc us gh fd;kA
ckjh lkgc dk HkM+duk
,d fnu izkr% lcdqN Bhd&Bkd gksrs gq, Hkh ckjh lkgc dkjkx`g esa ks/k ls yky&ihys gksrs gq, vk,A izR;sd isVh vQlj dks nl&ikap]
izR;sd okWMZj dks ikap&ipkl vkSj ml canh dks] ftlij mudh dìk&n`fV iM+rh] vufxur xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj djrs vkSj viuk eksVk
dkyk yV~B Bksadrs gq, egkk; gj foHkkx esa pDdj yxkus yxsA ,slk D;k vuFkZ gks x;k\ lkjs canh flj ihVus yxsA ckjh lkgc dsoy
ngkM+rs] ^lkyk yksx! Lkkyk yksx! ge crk,axs! Rqe D;k cankscLr j[krk gS! ge lcdks eV~Vh esa feyk,axs!* ijarq og ;g ugha crk jgs Fks
fd ,slk dkSu lk igkM+ VwV iM+k gSA mudk vdkaM&rkaMo ns[kdj Hk;pfdr canh vkil esa etkd djus yxs] ^D;k gqvk bls \ dgha
du[ktwjs us rks ugha dkV fy;k\*
Ckkjh ckck ml pkyh esa pys x, tgka gksrh ckcw dks j[kk x;k Fkk vkSj fcuk fdlh dkj.k ml ij cjl iM+s+ ^^[kM+s jgks! tYnh D;ksa ugha
mBrk cs\ rqe lc >wB cksyusokyk gSA** blh rjg dh vkSj ckrsaA ;|fi vU; yksxksa dks ckjh ckck dk gksrhyky ij >qa>ykdj cjl
iM+uk Hkys gh O;FkZ izrhr gqvk gks] rFkkfi gksrhyky us Hkkai fy;k fd ;g vf/kdrj ldkj.k gh gS vkSj ckjh dks okLro esa bruk
HkM+dkusokyk dkj.k nwljk&rhljk u gksdj laHkor;k mldk Hkstk gqvk i= izdkfkr gks tkuk gh gSA gksrhyky dks tyh&dVh lqukus ds
Ikpkr~ ckjh us raMsy vkfn lHkh canhoku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dBksj vknsk fn;k fd dksbZ Hkh jktcanh ;fn ,d&nwljs ds nl ex ikl Hkh
[kM+s gksrs gq, ns[kk x;k rks rqe yksxksa dks ^rksM+ Mkywaxk* vFkkZr~ dke ls fudky nwaxkA jtcafn;ksa dks Hkkstu ds fy, nwj&nwj cSBkvks vkSj
dksbZ Hkh euq; mlds vkl&ikl Hkh x;k rks ;kn j[kukA bl rjg cjlrs&cjlrs ?kksk.kk djrs ckjh ogka ls x;kA tks i= dk jkt tkurs
Fks] os le> x, fd i= vo; izdkfkr gks pqdk gSA nks fnuksa esa gh ckr Qsy xbZ fd ckjh us mu Hknz jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus] ftUgsa
mUgksaus viuk pepk cukdj j[kk Fkk] ;g ckr mxyh fd i= izdkfkr gks pqdk gS vkSj mlus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
158
bl ckr dh iwNrkN dh fd ;g i= Hkstusokyk dkSu gSA mu ^Hknz* cafn;ksa us jktcafn;ksa dks vkSj ,d ckr crkbZ fd i= Hkstus tSlh
ew[kZrkiw.kZ ckr vkSj dksbZ ugha gks ldrh] D;kasfd ml i= dks izdkfkr djus ds vijk/k esa ^caxkyh* lekpkj&i= ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k
x;k vkSj mldk Nkik[kkuk tCr dj fy;k x;kA ^bruk cM+k] nks&rhu yk[k dk ?kkVk bl gksrhyky dh ew[kZrk ls gks x;k vkSj bl rjg
ds i= Hkstus ds dkj.k vaneku ds vf/kdkjh vc ge ij cgqr gh dBksjrk ls vR;kpkj djsaxsA feF;k fo/kku djus ds vijk/k esa
gksrhyky ds naM esa Hkh vc o`f} gksxhA fdruk fuanuh; d`R; fd;k gksrhyky us! bl rjg dk;kZy; esa ckjh jktcafn;ksa dks Hk;Hkhr djus
ds fy, rjg&rjg dh ckrsa djrkA
ckjh ds Hkkk.k dh izfr/ofu
;s Hknz jktcanh viuh rjg ls lekpkj QsykrsA ml i= esa lHkh ij fd, tkusokys vR;kpkj dh dgkuh ds lkFk&lkFk buds Hknz Ny
dh dgkuh Hkh izdkfkr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj vkxs volj feyus ij bl rjg i= Hkstus dh ew[kZrk djus esa bu egkk;ksa us dHkh vkxs&ihNs
ugha ns[kkA ijarq gksrhyky dh fuank djrs gq, ckjh dk eu vuqdwy gks jgk gks rks b/kj ;g ykHk Hkh mBk;k tk, vkSj m/kj i= izdkfkr
gksus ls caxky esa vkanksyu fNM+us ls ;fn jktcafn;ksa ds rFkk muds lkFk vius Hkh dqN dV de gks jgs gks rks og lqfo/kk Hkh ts c esa
Mky yh tk,] ,sls fkV ekxZ dk voyacu Hknz yksx dj jgs FksA rHkh vU; yksxksa us ljsvke gksrh ckcw dk vfHkuanu rFkk leFkZu djus
esa vkxk&ihNk ugha ns[kkA mUgksaus mi;qZDr vk{ksiksa dk ;g mkj fn;k fd oSls Hkh ogka ds vf/kdkjh ;FkklaHko vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vR;kpkj
dj gh jgs FksA mls can djus dk iz;kl djuk gS rks izFker% mls lkoZtfud :i esa mtkxj djuk gksxkA ;g mik; djrs gq, dV Hkh
gks rks mls dqy vafre ykHk ds ewY; Lo:Ik lguk gksxkA
Ikjarq ;g izu ek= rRdkyhu jktcafn;ksa dk gh ugha Fkk vfirq leLr jktcanh oxZ dk gh FkkA D;kasfd ;g laHkkouk izdV :i esa gh nh[k
jgh Fkh fd ml igys ny ds ckn fganqLFkku dh rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr esa] fganqLFkkuh jktuhfr esa jktcanh tSlh laLFkk ,d lk/kkj.k ckr
cusxh vkSj og Hkh nl&chl dh ugha] lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa dh la[;k esa jktcanh vaneku esa vk,axsA ,slh fLFkfr esa igyk gh ny ;fn xjnu
rksM+ Je djuk iM+sxkA vU;Fkk ml xjnu rksM+ Je ls cpus ds la?kkZ dk cks> mls mBkuk iM+sxk] rks fQj ge gh ml la?kkZ dk
Jhx.ksk djds vkxs vkusokys jktcafn;ksa dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
159
ekxZ ;FkklaHko de daVde; D;ksa u djsa\ jktcanh oxZ dh gh fLFkfr ,oa ;ksX;rk ;FkklaHko mPpdksVh dh D;ksa u fufpr djok ysa \
blls Hkh vkxs ,d ix c<+dj eSa rks ;g dgwax fd vius dkjkxkjh; vfLrRo ls tks vusd drZO; vius fgLls esa vk x, gSa] muesa ,d
egiw.kZ dRkZO; gS&ek= jktcanh oxZ esa gh ugha vfirq Hkkjrh; dkjkx`gksa esa Hkh ;FkklaHko lq/kkj djkukA
vr% bl n`fV ls dkjkx`g esa varckZ lq/kkj ykus ds fy, gesa ,sls i= Hkstdj gM+rky djds] vuqu; ;k izfrdkj ds lkFk vkanksyu
djuk gh gksxkA fQj O;fDrxr dV vf/kd ;k de tSlk Hkh gks] ;FkklaHko dV gh ykHk ls vf/kd gks] fQj Hkh ;g lkspdj fd eSaus
viuk drZO; fuHkk;k] mu dVksa dks lgus ds fy, rS;kj gksuk gksxkA jktcafn;ksa ij bu fopkjksa dk izHkko iM+kA os Hkh ml i{k dk izk;%
[kqYye[kqYyk leFkZu djus yxs] ftUgksaus og i= Hkstk FkkA eu ls rks lc dj gh jgs FksA
nks lIrkgksa rd ml i= ij gaxkek pykA ks/k ds igys vkosk ds ckn ckjh lkgc i=&izskd ds isV esa ?klus dk iz;kl djus yxsA ^ge
D;k djs\ fganqLFkku ljdkj ds vknsk ls lcdqN gksrk gS* mUgksaus eq>ls dgk] ^^vkids bl ikxy gksrhyky us ^caxkyh* v[kckj dh tku
ys yhA iwjk Nkik[kkuk tCr gks x;kA** eSaus dgk] ^^HkbZ] le> esa ugha vkrk fd ,slk D;ksa gqvk\ vr% esjs fopkj ls ;g lekpkj feH;k
gksxkA ijarq ;fn lR; gks rks Hkh oRkZeku rFkk Hkfo; ds jktcafn;ksa ds dV Vkyus ds fy, vkSj dkexkjksa esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, ,sls ,d
gh D;ksa] nl Nkik[kkuksa dks Hkh tCr dj fn;k tk, rks Hkh fpark ugha] og viuk drZO; gh gSA mlus og i= fy[kk gS] vr% mls nafMr
fd;k tk,A Nkis[kkuksa dks tCr djus ls D;k gksxk\**
ijarq D;k lpeqp gh og Nkik[kkuk tCr gks x;k\ ;g lekpkj dSls izkIr djsa\ geus igys gh dgk gS fd fganqLFkku esa lekpkj Hkstuk
ftruk dfBu Fkk] ogka ls dksbZ lekpkj izkIr djuk Hkh yxHkx mruk gh dfBu FkkA jktcafn;ksa dks ;g tkuus dh rhoz mRdaBk Fkh fd
vius fiz;tu D;k djrs gksaxs] ijarq mlls Hkh vf/kd rhoz mRdaBk muesa ls izk;% lHkh dks Fkh fd vius ihN Lonsk dh D;k fLFkfr gS \
Lonskokfl;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS
ml le; tks vkanksyu leLr fganqLFkku dks iz{kqC/k dj jgs Fks mudk tksj fdruk gS] viuk i{k izcy gS ;k ugha] lkk dk wj vk?kkr
lgus ds fy, ml <ky
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
160
ds vkJe esa iuiusokys vU; i{k dqN dk;Z dj ik jgs gSa ;k ugha] vkfn jkVh; vkSj varjjkVh; lekpkj gesa dksbZ lwfpr djsxk ;k
ugha\ mls tkuus ds D;k mik; fd, tk,a\ tks jktcanh ffeyrk og nwljs ls igyk izu ;gh djrk] ^Lonsk dk dqN rktk lekpkj\*
,dk/k okkkZ feyrs gh dke dk dV] Hkkstu dh dq:fp] fxjrk gqvk LokLF; vkfn lcdqN Hkwydj jktcafn;ksa dk ;qok eaMy nks&nks ;k
rhu&rhu dk xqV cukdj ;k lansk nsrs ysrs iwjs fnu ml okkkZ dh ppkZ esa eXu gks tkrkA Lonsk ds LokLF; ,oa fodkl dh fpark muesa
ls izk;% lHkh dks lR; gh fnu&jkr mu O;fDrxr dVksa esa Hkh vkdqfyr djrhA fiz;re viuh fdlh fiz;k dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds
fy, ftruk mRdafBr gksrk gS] jktcanh mlls Hkh vf/kd viuh ml ekr`Hkwfe dh dksbZ lekpkj ikus ds fy, vkdqfyr jgrs] ftlds fy,
mUgksaus viuk loZLo vfiZr fd;k FkkA o`ki= feyuk vlaHko] ?kj ls vkus okys i=ksa esa jktuhfr dk ,d v{kj Hkh gks rks og i= fn;k
ugha tkrkA vr% fnu&jkr ;gh fpark jgrh fd fganqLFkku dk lekpkj dSls izkIr djsaA
ijarq ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkh lk/ku ls lk/ku tksM+rs gq, dqN&u&dqN lekpkj izkIr djus esa mu jktcafn;ksa us dksbZ dlj mBk ugha j[khA
izFke lk/ku Fkk& u;k vkusokyk pkykuA gj ekg nsk&fudklu dk naM izkIr lk/kkj.k ikap&ipkl cafn;ksa dh ,d&u&,d Vksyh vaneku
esa vkrh Fkh vkSj vkus ds ckn d{ke; lsY;qyj dkjkxkj esa can dh tkrh FkhA igys lIrkg esa mudk ego bruk c<+rk fd teknkj
vkfn lHkh dks mudh fpjkSfj;ka djuh iM+rh] D;kasfd muesa ius xkao dk ;k viuh Hkkkk dk Hkh dksbZ canh vk;k gks rks mlls vius
vkIrtuksa dk dqN&u&dqN rks lekpkj fudkyk tk ldrk FkkA ifjfpr vFkok O;fDr ds nkZu ek= ls tks ,d vkReh;rk Hkjh izhfr eu
esa mRiUu gksrh gS] mldh vuqHkwfr nwj nsk llqjky esa xbZ dU;k dks rc gksrh gksxh t cog vius ek;ds ds xkao ds vkneh dks ns[krh gS
;k og canh ;g vuqHko djrk gksxk tks Lonsk ls fudkflr gksdj }hikarj nj&nj HkVddj vFkok vVddj fnu O;rhr djrk gksA ml
pkyku ls vk, ml LoHkkkh] iwoZ ifjfpr dks&gekjk eqyqdh] gekjs nsk dk&;g mikf/k izkIr gksrhA vaneku esa ;g mikf/k eu dks vU;
lHkh mikf/k;ksa ls vf/kd e/kqj] yqHkkouh izrhr gksrh FkhA bl eqyqdhiu dh O;k[;k Hkh vko;drkok cgqr dh foLr`r gks xbZ FkhA vius
xkao dk og viuk&ml xaok: Hkkouk dh txg vius iznsk dk vkSj fokskdj viuh Hkkkk cksyusokyk og Lonskh;] vius eqyqd dk ;g
lgt gh ekuk tkus yxkA fdlh vuIk<+ vNwr dks Hkh ejkBh ;k caxyk Hkkkk cksyrs gq, ns[ kdj ogka dk czk.k Hkh mls viuk Lonskh;]
viuk eqyqdh le>dj mlls izseiwoZd ckrphr djrk] mldh lgk;rk djrkA rc
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
161
dksbZ Hkh ;g ckr lgt le> ysrk fd fganqLFkku esa HkkSxksfyd foHkkxksa ls vf/kd orZeku fLFkfr esa Hkkkk&foHkkx fdl rjg LokHkkfod gSA
izR;sd pkyku vkus ds Ikpkr~ mu uokxr cafn;ksa ls vU; canh ls vius&vius ?kjckj rFkk vkIr Lodh;ksa ds ckjs esa iwNrkN djrs] ij
jktcafn;ksa dk igyk iz;kl ;g jgk fd lkoZtfud [kcj D;k gS] ;g muls tkusaA
pkyku ds yksx vfkf{kr vkSj jktuhfr dk uke Hkh u tkuusokys Fks] vFkkZr~ muls lglk Lonsk dh lkoZtfud okkkZ ugha fey ikrh FkhA
dsoy ,dk/k cM+k jktuhfrd vfHk;ksx] ;fn og mlh le; vkSj mlh vnkyr esa py jgk gks] tc os idM+s x, Fks vFkok fganqLFkku esa os
ftl canhx`g esa Fks] mlesa ;fn os jktcanh gksa rks mudk vFkok muds }kjk Hksts x, lekpkj dh laf{kIr tkudkjh] nks ckrksa ls lac af/kr
tkudkjh] rks pkykuokys VwVh&QwVh Hkkkk esa vFkok vLiV :i ls crkrs] mlesa lkSHkkX; ls dksbZ fkf{kr canh Hkh dHkh&dHkkj fudy vkrk
FkkA fQj rks mldh egkk ,oa dVksa ds laca/k esa D;k dgus! D;kasfd tgka&tgka og tkrk] ogka&ogka jktcanh xqipqi vFkok lanskks a dk
vknku&iznku djrs gq, ^lekpkj! Lekpkj!* iwNrs&iwNrs mlds dku [kkrs jgrsA mldh vuqu;&fou; djrsA jktcanh mldk dke Hkh
vius gkFkksa esa eqaxjh ysdj fNydk dwVdj xqipqi dj nsrs] rkfd og izlUu gksdj eu%iwoZd lekpkj crk nsaA ijarq Hkys gh fkf{kr gks]
rFkkfi bl rjg ds lk/kkj.k canh dks Hkyk jktuhfr dh fdruh tkudkjh gks ldrh gS\ ^D;ksa th] Lonsk dk veqd vkanksyu dSlk jax yk
jgk gS\* jktcafn;ksa ds bl mRlqd izu dks izk;% ^dqN ugha] b/kj&m/kj gj txg kkafr&gh&kkafr gSA ^;gh f?klk&fiVk mkj feyrk] ftlls
mu mRdV nskHkDrksa ds Hkkoqd eu kksdeXu gks tkrsA bu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Hkh ;fn dksbZ lekpkj Lo;aLQrZ :i ls laHko gksrk rks og
fdlh cM+s jktuhfrd usrk dks idM+us dh vFkok ^cknkkg vk jgk gS*] ^fnYyh eesa cM+k mRlo gqvk* vFkok ^,d cM+k lkgc ekjk x;k*
bl rjg nks&pkj izdkkj dh iz{kksHkd ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh nsrkA D;kasfd bu ?kVukvksa dh okkkZ,a nkokuy dh rjg vius vki HkM+d
mBrh rFkk HkM+dkrh gqbZ cktkjksa esa QSyrhA ksk jkVh; lHkk vFkok dkSafly vFkok Lonskh izpkj vFkok vU; ?kVukvksa ls lacaf /kr ckrsa
ux.;A ;s ckrsa mudh le> ls ijs FkhA vFkkZr~ ;g fLFkfr izFke pkj&ikap okksZa dh gSA vkxs fdlh rjg varj vkrk jgk] og ckn esa
crk;k tk,xkA
lekpkj izkIr djus ds fy, pkyku ds bl lk/ku dh ,d&nks ;qfDr;kas ds mnkgj.k dFkuh; gSaA dqN yksxksa dks vaneku ds fy, izLFkku
djrs le; fganqLFkku ds jktcanh feyrs rks os vaneku Hksts x, vius dqN ^vfHk;qDrksa* dks vFkkZr~ muds vfHk;ksx esa gh naM izkIr gksdj
vaneku Hksts x, vius lgvfHk;qDrksa dks dHkh ,dk/k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
162
egoiw.kZ lansk Hkstrs] rks dHkh ifjfpr u gksrs gq, Hkh vaneku esa tks fo[;kr jktcanh Fks] muds izfr HkfDr ls izsfjr gksdj mUgsa
izek.k&i= Hkstus ds fy, vU; dksbZ lk/ku miyC/k u gksus ds dkj.k fdlh lk/kkj.k iqLrd dk] tks canh ds ikl gksrh vkoj.k cukdj
mlesa i= fNikdj Hkstrs FksA
fcYys ds ihNs i=
dHkh&dHkh iqLrd dh bl ;qfDr ls vf/kdkjh ds vPNh rjg ls ifjfpr gksus ds dkj.k tks ydM+h dk vFkok yksgs dk fcYyk gj canh ds
xys esa yVdk gksrk Fkk] mlds ihNs v{kj fy[kdj i= jokuk fd, tkrsA ,d ckj eq>s iatkc ds ,d egkiq:k ds ;qok iq= us iatkc ds
dkjkx`g ls bl rjg fcYys ds ihNs fy[kk i= Hkstk FkkA og kafrdkjh kM~;a= ds dsl esa ikap&lkr okksZa dk naM Hkqxr jgk FkkA ftl canh
ds xys essa og fcYyk Fkk] iatkc ls izLFkku djds vaneku esa eq>ls feyus rd mldh ipkl ckj [kwc rykkh yh xbZ gksxhA ijarq fdlh
dks jkh Hkj Hkh lansg ugha gqvk fd mlds xys esa YkVds ml fcYys ds ihNs i= fy[kk gksxkA ml canh us] og i= f?kl&f?kldj feV u
tk, blfy,] og ind tru ls j[krs gq, vaneku dkjkx`g esa vkrs gh eq > lkSai fn;kA eSaus i<+dj iksaN fn;k vkSj og fcYyk okil
ykSVk;kA bl rjg ds mik;ksa ls pkyku }kjk ;FkklaHko lkoZtfrd lekpkj izkIr djus dk lrr iz;kl pyrk jgrk FkkA ijarq ,d eghus
esa vkusokyh lOkZFkk v{kjk=q] vui<+ cafn;ksa dh bl Vksyh }kjk dqN vf/kd egoiw .kZ lekpkj izkIr gksuk dfBu gh gksus ds dkj.k ;g
le>us dh fd Lonsk dh gkyr dSlh gS] jktcafn;ksa dh ftKklk vrÌr gh jgrhA mldh iwfrZ dk vU; mik; Fkk dkjkx`g esa lekpkj&i=
eaxokukA vFkkZr~ ;g lcls vf/kd /kks[ks dk ,oa dfBu ekxZ FkkA ftl dky dh ge tkudkjh ns jgs gSa] ml dky esa dkjkx`g esa ,d ckj
pksjh ls gkFkh vk ldrk Fkk vkSj idM+s tkus ij fcuk vuqefr ykus ds vijk/k esa ml canh dks {kek Hkh dj fn;k tkrk] ijarq o`ki=
vkSj Hkkjrh; o`ki= dh ijjph Hkh Hkhrj ugha vk ldrh Fkh] u gh bl vijk/k ds fy, {kek feyrh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa o`ki= u
lgh fdarq mlds vaxqyh Hkj ds VqdM+s dks ykus ds fy,] tSlkfd ihNs dgk x;k gS] dbZ yksxksa us xkM+h [khapus ds dke ds fy, Hkh euk
ugha fd;kA dkjkx`g dk lHkh dwM+k&djdV Hkjdj tks xkfM+;ka ckgj tkrh] muds lkFk mUgsa [khaprs gq, tkuk iM+rk FkkA ckgj xksjs
vf/kdkfj;ksa dh dksfB;kas ls jn~nh]xans] iqjkus dSls Hkh gksa] oki=ksa ds VqdM+s dwM+s ds lkFk ckgj Qasds tkrsA muesa ls tYnh&tYnh nks&pkj
pqudj xkM+h ds r[rksa eas vFkok lkeku esa Bwal ysuk gksrk FkkA vkrs&tkrs fQj mu VqdM+ksa dks i<+ukA buls gh cM+k etk vkrkA ,dk/k
VqdM+k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
163
fdlh ,fMucjkskk;j ds fdlh xzkeh.k i= dk] dksbZ VqdM+k fdsV ds fy, lefiZr i= dk] dksbZ fdlh chHkRl miU;kl dk rks dksbZ lu~
vBkjg lkS lkj lky ds i= dkA fdlh esa twrs yisVs] rks fdlh esa vaMs cka/ks gq,] fdlh esa /kksch ds diM+sA ijarq mu VqdM+ksa dks i<+uk!
dgha fganqLFkku dk uke vFkok izpfyrdkyhu yanu dk rkj vFkok ^cacbZ VkbEl* dk VqdM+k fn[kk rks cM+h vkkk ls ns[krs fd dgha vius
nsk dk ;k orZeku jktuhfr dk dksbZ lekpkj rks ugha gS\
ijnslh Mkd
;gh xkM+h ls vkusokyh ijnslh Mkd vFkkZr~ dkjkx`g ds ckgj ls pksjh&fNis yk, x, lekpkj&i=kas ds ;s VqdM+s] dHkh&dHkh vpkud
rktk lekpkj igqapk nsrs FksA dHkh ^yanu VkbEl* ds oSysaVkbu dk kafrdkfj;ksa ds fo:} ys[k rks dHkh jkVh; lHkk dk v/;{kh; Hkkk.kA
eq>s Lej.k gS ,d fnu tc bUgha ckgjh xkM+hokuksa dks rwrhdksfju ds vfHk;ksx dh tkudkjhokyk ,d LraHk Columnfey x;k rc
mUgksaus fdruh mRdaBrkiwoZd og ykdj gesa fn;k] flQZ blh fopkj ls fd os lekpkj gesa ns ldsa vkSj bl rjg os jktcafn;ksa dh
d`rKrk izkIr dj ldsaA mu cspkjksa dks ,slk izrhr gksrk fd eghuksa xkM+h [khapus ds Je dk ifjgkj gks x;kA îjnslh Mkd* ds lekpkj
nsus dh izeq[k laLFkk Fkh xksjksa dk kkSpx`gA m/kj muds jkst ds ^VkbEl* vkfn i= i<+dj Qasds gq, vFkok VqdM+s fd, gq, j[ks tkrsA dksbZ
HkaMkjh] tks bl v[kaM HkaMkj dh ns[kHkky djrk] bu i=ksa dks dwMs+ esa Qasdok nsrk vkSj ge mUgsa i<+ ysrsA
dHkh&dHkh îjnslh Mkd* ds lkFk Lonskh Mkd dh Hkh lgk;rk feyrhA dkjkxkj ds dkj[kkus esa NksVh&cM+h dhysa] fcjath vkfn lkeku
fdlh iqjkus lekpkj&i= esa yisVdj j[kk tkrk FkkA mu VqdM+ks vo; mBkrkA og dHkh&dHkh rks bruk xank] eSyk&dqpyk gksrk fd mls
dwM+s ds <sj esa ls vFkok ukyh esa ls nks iryh ydfM+;ksa dh lgk;rk ls fudkyuk iM+rkA ydfM+;kas ls gh mls QSykuk iM+rk vkSj i<+uk
iM+rkA ijarq ml nkk esa Hkh mls i<s+ fcuk jgk ugha tkrk FkkA ,d ckj xks[kys ds fk{kk izLrko ls mith fujkkk Ikj fy[kk ,d lqanj
vak ,sls gh eSys&dqpys dkxt dh ijph ij i<+us dk Lej.k eq>s gS vkSj ;g Hkh Lej.k gS fd xks[kys og fk{kk izLrko yk, gSa] bldk
nsk esa Kkuke`r ds eqDr I;k [kqys gksaxAs dksbZ fey [kqy xbZ] fdlh paqxh dks gVk;k x;k] dksbZ vfHk;kx pyk] dksbZ naxk gks x;kA dksbZ
kafrdkjh vk?kkr&izR;k?kkr dk nunukrk foLQksV mBk] dksbZ ubZ iqLrd fy[kh xbZ] fdlh u, dfo dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
164
mn; gks x;k] pkgs NksVk gks ;k cM+k] ,slk lekpkj lquus ds fy, ftlds ;ksx ls fpjfojfgr ekr`Hkwfe ds LokLF; rFkk fodkl dh
dqN&u&dqN tkudkjh izkIr gks] jktcafn;ksa ds izk.k fuR; fu;fer :i ls ykykf;r jgrs FksA bl rjg ds [kaf Mr lekpkj tksM&+ tksM+dj
mudh ppkZ djrs gq, ml dBksj dkjkx`g esa gs fganqLFkku] rqEgkjs fy, rqels Nhudj nwj Hksts gq, ;s ;qod rqEgkjh fpark djrs jgrs gSaA
viuh kkjhfjd ihM+k dk Hkh mUgsa foLej.k gksrk gSA os jktcanh viuh ekr`Hkwfe dk gkFk Fkkers gq, mldh ukM+h dh /kM+duksa dk ijh{k.k
djrs vkSj mlls mlds LokLF; laca/kh fparkrqj gkZ&fokkn dk vuqHko djrs gq, vaneku esa dky;kiu djrs gSaA
lekpkjksa dk ,d vkSj ekxZ
pkyku vkSj dwM+kMkd ds vfrfjDr lekpkj izkIr djus dk rhljk mik; ckgj ds dqN lgkuqHkwfr j[kusokys Hkkjrh; lTtuksa ds ikl mu
NksVs&cM+s vf/kdkfj;kas dks Hkstuk Fkk] tks dkjkx`g ds dkedkt fuiVkdj ckgj tkrs FksA ckgj ds lgkuqHkwfr j[kusokys mu yksxksa esa
lekpkj&i= i<+usokys vui<+ fe=ksa esa izk;% bruh ckSf}d kfDr ugha gksrh Fkh fd okkkZ ekSf[kd :i esa Hkhrj yk ldsaA lekpkj fy[kdj
nsus vkSj ys vkus dk lkgl djusokyk gtkjksa esa bDdk&nqDdk gh gksrk FkkA ij fdlh us oSlk fd;k] ;g Kkr gksrs gh mu ckgjokyksa dks
,sls vR;kpkjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk fd de&ls&de eSa rks dHkh mUgsa ;g dk;Z djus ds fy, ugha dgrkA ijarq ,slh fodV voLFkk esa
Hkh vkSj ml îkuh ds mifuosk* esa Hkh dqN ,sls egkHkkx fudys] tks bl izdkj dk lkgl djds jktcafn;ksa dks ,dk/k egoiw.kZ o` ki=h;
VqdM+k Hkstus rFkk mls ysdj Hkhrj vkus dh fgEer djrsA ,sls lkglh yksxksa dks dHkh&dHkh idM+s tkus ij dM+s&ls&dM+s naM feyrs]
ukSdjh NwVrh] ijarq fQj Hkh dksbZ&u&dksbZ lkgl djrk gh FkkA jktcafn;ksa dh laxr ls rFkk minsk ls TkSls&tSls nskHkfDr ds cht
lk/kkj.k turk rFkk canh txr~ ds eu esa tM+ idM+rs x, oSls&oSls gh ;g lkgl lsok vkSj drZO; ls izsfjr gksus yxkA ijarq izFke
nks&rhu okksaZ esa o`ki= dk bruk lk VqdM+k ykus ds fy, cafn;ksa ds lkeus cgqr ukd jxM+uh iM+rh] dbZ ckj mUgsa izyksHku fn[kkus dh
dksbZ vU; kfDr u gksus ls jktcanh viuh jksVh mls nsdj Lo;a Hkw[ks jgrs] ftlls la/;k rd Lonsk dk de&ls&de ,dk/k lansk rks lqu
ldsaA
dHkh dkjkxkj dh nhokjksa ij ls Qsadh gqbZ rks dHkh ukyh esa ckgj ls ?kqlsM+h gqbZ vkSj dHkh ukyh esa Hkhrj ls gkFk Mkydj fudkyh gqbZ]
,slh vusd ;qfDr;ksa ls VqdM+s tekdj mUgsa i<+k tkrkA buds vfrfjDr ,d vkSj ekXkZ ;g Fkk fd fdlh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
165
vf/kdkjh ds eq[k ls xyrh ls vFkok lgkuqHkwfrok dksbZ lekpkj fudy tkrkA bl ekXkZ ls dHkh&dHkh Lo;a ckjh lkgc Hkh laoknnkrk dk
dke dj nsrs FksA ijarq mudk ojnku fuR; gh vfHkkkixfHkZr gksrk FkkA ckjh lkgc ,sls lekpkj ysdj Lo;a gekjs ikl ekuks midkj
djus i/kkjrs] tks fganqLFkku ds fy, izfrdwy vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks vius i{k dh fucZyrk rFkk viuh vkkk&vkdka{kkvksa dh foQyrk dk
vuqHko djkusokys gksrs] ftlls muds mRlkg ij ikyk iM+s vkSj os gekjh izfrf;kvksa dks viuh Mk;jh esa uksV dj ysrsA ijarq fQj Hkh
lekpkj nsus ds fy, ge mUgsa /kU;okn gh nsrs] D;kasfd vuqdwy lekpkj Jo.k djuk lgt gh izhfrdj gksus ds ckotqn ohjksa dk drZO;
gS fd os vius fiz; dk izfrdwy lekpkj gh Jo.k djsaA vuqdwy lekpkj ls izhfr dh rqfV gksrh gS rks izfrdwy lekpkj ls Hkqtkvksa esa
HkfDr rFkk /kS;Z dk LQqj.k gksrk gS vkSj ml izfrdwy dh pisV ls izse dks eqDr djus gsrq vius izk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus ds fy, Hkh ohjrk
lTt gksrh gSA vkxs bl ckr ds dqN mnkgj.k vk,axs fd bl rjg ds izfrdwy lekpkj ckjh lkgc fdl rjg nsrs vkSj fnyokrsA
LiVhdj.k gsrq ;gka ,d gh mnkgj.k i;kZIr gSA fo[;kr nskHkDr xks[kys ds LoxZoklh gksus dk lekpkj tc eSa kke dk Hkkstu dj jgk
Fkk rc ckjh lkgc us dkjkxkj esa vkdj eq>s fn;k&^^Well, you always want news, Mr. Savarkar, here is something for you,
Gokhale is dead.**lkojdj] vki geskk dqN lekpkj izkIr djuk pkgrs jgrs gSa u! rks fyft,] lekpkj ;g gS fd xks[kys LoXkZoklh
gks x,A41
xks[kys dk fu/ku
{k.k Hkj dks eq>s fookl gh ugha gks jgk Fkk& bruk vizR;kfkr lekpkj Fkk ogA esjs eq[ ls nq%[kksn~xkj fudyrs ns[k ckjh us dgk] ijarq
os vkids fojks/kh Fks u\** eSaus dgk] ^ûk&uk] eSaus mUgha ds egkfo|ky; esa fk{kk ikbZ gSA gka] erHksn gksaxs] fojks/k ughaA gekjs fganqLFkku
dh bl ih<+h ds os ,d fuLlhe nskizeh rFkk nsklsod FksA** ijarq ckjh us dgk] ^^ vkids vfHk;ksx esa vkids }kjk muds fo:} kM~; a=
jpus dk izek.k lkeus vk jgk Fkk u\ vkSj mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd tc rd vki idM+s ugha tkrs] fganqLFkku esa veu rFkk kkafr izLFkkfir
djuk vlaHko gSA** eSaus mkj fn;k] ^^ml laca/k esa nardFkkvksa ij fookl djuk O;FkZ gSA ge nksuksa esa ijLij ppkZ gks pqdh gS vkSj ml
ppkZ ds le; mifLFkr ,d lTtu Hkh tkurs gSa fd ge nksuksa ds eu esa ijLij vknj vkSj iwT; Hkkouk FkhA nskfgr dh n`fV ls gks
ldrk gS] mUgsa esjk ekxZ Lohdkj ugha gksA ijarq blls mudh nskHkfDr dh egkk tjk Hkh de ugha gksrh
41
19 Qjojh] 1915
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
166
vkSj kM~;a= ds ckjs esa iwNuk gks rks os Lo;a gh dgsaxs fd baXySaM esa muds ,d&nks fojks/kh Hkkk.kksa ls iz{kqC/k gksdj ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds dqN
usrk xqIr cSBd esa tc muij vke.k dh ckr dgus yxs rc mu veaxy fopkjksa dk rhoz fojks/k djds eSaus mUgsa le>k;k Fkk fd lPph
erfHkUurk ds dkj.k fdlh ij Hkh vke.k djuk] vkSj og Hkh Lotuksa ij] ?kksj ikrd gSA ;g lpeqp gh vR;kpkj gksxk vkSj ml
izLrko dks eSaus ikfjr ugha gksus fn;kA ;fn izR;sd fganw xks[kys tSlk gh nskizseh rFkk nsklsod gks rks Hkh!!** gekjh ;g ckrphr ckjh us
;Fkke fy[kdj j[kh FkhA dkykarj esa eSaus ,d ckj og fVIi.kh ns[khA mlesa ckjh lkgc us lkp;Z ,d ckr fy[kh Fkh vkSj ogh ckr os
vU;= Hkh djrs Fks fd îj&ij fdruh gh fHkUurk D;kas u gks] fdruk Hkh fojks/k D;ksa u gks fQj Hkh ;s lHkh egkjkVh; var%dj.k ls
,d gSaA*
;g ckr Lej.k djrs le; eq>s ,d egku~ nskHkDr dh blh rjg dh ,d mfDr dk Lej.k gks jgk gSA og ckr tc eSa baXySaM esa Fkk
rc ykyk gjn;ky us dgh Fkh] os iq.ks esa fryd ls feyus x, FksA mlds Ikpkr~ vius izfr}anh xks[kys ls Hkh feyus x,A fganqLFkku esa os
loZ= fofHkUu izfr}anh usrkvksa ls Hkh feyrs jgsA ml le; mUgsa izR;sd foi{kh }kjk ijLij dh tkusokyh fuank lquuh iM+rh FkhA ijarq
fryd vkSj xks[kys us gjn;ky tSls gksugkj rFkk rstLoh ;qod dks nsklsok ds vius&vius ekXkZ ds fy, vuqdwy djus dk iz;kl djrs
gq, Hkh ,d&nwljs ds izfr vknj Hkko gh iznfkZr fd;kA frydth us dgk] ^,d ckj xks[kys ls Hkh fey yhft,* vkSj xks[kys us Hkh dgk]
^vki frydth ds ;gka Bgjs gSa\ ;g vPNk gh fd;kA eSa tkurk gwa] ;qok ih<+h mUgha ds gkFkksa esa tkusokyh gSA* ;g fdLlk lqukrs gq,
gjn;ky dgrs] îjk, tuksa ds lkeus [kM+s jgrs gh gees ,drk dh Hkkouk tkxzr gksrh gSA*
ge ,d lkS ikap
,drk dh ,slh Hkkouk vU; izkarksa dh vis{kk egjkV esa vf/kd gSA eSaus dbZ ckj vuqHko fd;k gS fd vkilh dyg jkVh; dk;Z esa Hkwyus
dh dyk egkjkVh; usrkvksa dks vU; yksxksa ls vf/kd lk/; gks xbZ gSA
mijfyf[kr vusd vkifk;ksa dks bl rjg ds vusd mik;ksa ls nwj djrs&djrs jktcanh izFke nks&rhu okZ egr~ iz;kl ls fganqLFkku ds
lekpkj ykus dh rFkk vaneku ds lekpkj fganqLFkku esa igqapkus dh O;oLFkk djrs jgrs FksA vkxs&vkxs mudh ogka dh fLFkfr esa tSls&tSls
lq/kkj vkus yxk vkSj kfDr c<+rh xbZ] oSl&s oSls fganqLFkku ls i=kpkj pkyw j[kus ds ;s lk/ku vf/kd ifj.kkedkjd gksus yxs vkSj muesa
u, lk/kuksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
167
dh Hkh o`f} gks xbZ] mldh laf{kIr tkudkjh ;Fkke vkxs vk,xhA
bl rjg FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa jktcafn;ksa dks fufpr tkudkjh fey xbZ fd gksrhyky dk i= izdkfkr djus ls ^caxkyh* Nkik[kkuk tCr gks
x;k vkfn lekpkj ckjh us dsoy jktcafn;ksa dks Mjkus ds fy, viuh tsc ls fudkys Fks vkSj mlus vius yksxksa ds }kjk QSyk, FksA FkksM+s
fnuksa ckn ml izdkfkr ^caxkyh* o`ki= dk VqdM+k Hkh gesa dkjkx`g esa ns[kus dks feykA ;g lekpkj fd eq>s dksYgw dk cSy cuk;k x;k
gS] izFker% blh le; fganqLFkku esa izdkfkr gqvkA og fdlh us ckn esa vesfjdk igqapk;kA ogka^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds lnL;ksa us ml lekpkj
fd êSa dksYgw esa tksrk x;k gwa* dk dYiuk fp= fudkydj vkSj mls izdkfkr dj ml ijps dks gtkjksa dh la[;k esa caVok;kA mldk ogka
ds Hkkjrh; yksxksa ij D;k izHkko iM+k] og ykgkSj iatkc kM~;a= ds yksx tc vaneku vk,] ml le; ds o.kZu esa feysxkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
168
izdj.k&14
1911 ds jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg dh ijNkbZ

tSlkfd ihNs dgk x;k gS] gksrhyky dk i= fganqLFkku esa izdkfkr gksus ls vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ephA mlds vkxs&ihNs gh ,d xi ;g
QSy xbZ fd jktcafn;ksa dh vkkk,a vpkud loZFkk Qfyr gksaxhA ;g Hkh xi QSy xbZ fd baXYkSaM esa jkT;jksg.k ds ckn tkWtZ fganqLFkku
vk,axsA lekjksg laIkUu gksxk vkSj vkp;Ztud ckr ;g fd ml jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg dh izlUurk esa lHkh jktcanh&êSa* Hkh& eqDr gks
tk,axsA
eqfDr dh vkkk
lw[ks esa vR;ar {kqf/kr yksxksa ds >qaM tgka&tgka fHk{kk ekaxus ds fy, bdV~Bs fd, tkrs gSa ogka&ogka ;s kCn lqurs gh fd fHk{kk vk xbZ]
mudh vkRek esa tks NVIkVkgV gksrh gS vkSj bl fpark ls fd eq>s feyus ls igys gh dgha fHk{kk [kRe rks ugha gks tk,xh] muds izk.k tSls
mM+us yxrs gSa] Bhd oSlh gh voLFkk ^tqcyh gksxh* kCnksa ds lkFk&lkFk gh eqfDr gksxh] vFkok de&ls&de NwV feysxh] tSlh xi ls
canhokuksa dh gksrh gSA ;gka&ogka gj jkst ;g ckr QSy tkrh gS vkSj gj fdlh ds eq[k izQqfYyr fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSaA izR;sd canh tkurk
gS fd bl mRlo ds le; tks uke tk,axs muesa mldk ekad] mldk uke gksuk u gksuk vius canhoklh; vkpj.k ij voyafcr gSA ;g
izR;sd dks Kkr gksus ls gj canh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh pkiywlh djus yxrk gSA vR;ar dVizn dke Hkh fcuk vkifk ds pqipki gksus yxrs
gSaA vf/kdkjh Hkh dke c<+kdj bl volj dk iwjk&iwjk ykHk mBkrs gSaA canh ds vkxs izyksHku txexkrk gS] vc FkksMs+ fn ugh rks ckdh
gSa] tqcyh vk jgh gS] rqEgkjk uke ge ljdkj dks ij Hkstus okys gSaA vkkknk;h okrkoj.k esa ^tqcyh mRlo vk jgk gS* tSls lp&>wB
mBus dh nsjh gS fd lkjs canhtuksa dk og eghuk&Ms<+ eghuk cMs+ vkuan ls O;rhr gksusokyk gSA ;g ckr iDdh gS fd vaneku ds bu
cafn;ksa dks] ftUgsa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
169
vktUe dkysikuh dk naM gqvk vkSj dqN vlaHkouh; ?kVuk ?kfVr gksus ds flok; ?kj tkus dh] thou esa fQj ls Lora=rk dk lq[k Hkksxus
dh dqN Hkh vkkk ksk u gks] fdlh vlaHkouh; ?kVuk dh gh vkl yxh jgrh gSA
mRlo
mRlo gksusokyk gS] vlaHkkO; ?kVuk dk ,slk dksbZ Hkh lekpkj vkrs gh mudh vkkk LokHkkfod gh ml ?kVuk dh vlaHkkO;rk dh vis{kk
mldh vuqdwyrk dh vksj gh vf/kd vkdfkZr gksrh RkFkk muds fookl dks Hkh vius lkFk vkdfkZr djrh] vr% gj nks&rhu okksZa ds
varjky ls ^mRlo gksusokyk gS* tSlh xi mM+k nh tkrhA vc nq%[k dh vf/kdrk rFkk fujkkk ls ikxy cus canh ml xi ds feF;k fl}
gksus rd ml ij fookl djrs gq, de&ls&de rc rd fdafpr~ lq[k esa dqN fnu O;rhr djrs A ;g e fujarj pyrk jgrkA vkp;Z
;g gS fd ;s lekpkj ckj&ckj >qByk, tkrs] fQj Hkh oSls lekpkj mM+k, tkrs gh yksx iwoZor~ muij fookl djrs vkSj fdlh us Hkh
fujkkk ds lkxj esa Mwcrs gq, mu yksxksa dks crk;k fd ftlesa rqe Hkh yVduk pkgrs gks] og bl mRlo dh xi Hkh ek= dYiuktU;
frudk gS] rks bl rjg mudh vkkk Hkax djus ls mUgsa ks/k vk tkrkA
;|fi geus Lo;a bl ckr dk vuqHko fd;k gS fd ?kksj ladV ls eqfDr feyuk vlaHko gS] fQj Hkh ogh fujkkk dh ckr fdlh nwljs }kjk
crk, tkus ls vFkok Lo;a ds vuqHko djus ls dh ml ladV ls eqDr gksus dh dksbZ Hkh xi loZFkk fujFkZd gS] eqfDr dh bruh lh Hkh
vkkk ugha gSA dksbZ vU; O;fDr ;gh trk, fd ;g xi vkSj vkkk Hkze gS] rks ml O;fDr ij gh viuh fujkkk dk ks/k mrkjuk rFkk
mlhij larqV jguk ekuo eu dk LoHkko gh gSA gkbZdksVZ esa ,d vktUe dkjkokl dk naM gksus ds Ikpkr~ tc ge ij nwljk vfHk;ksx
pyk;k x;k rc gekjh euksnsoh gels dgrh& vc bl vfHk;ksx esa fuU;kuosa izfrkr Qkalh dk naM fn;k tk,xk vkSj ge e`R;q dk
vkfyxau djus ds fy, vius eu dks RkS;kj dj jgs FksA ijarq ,d ckj ,d vf/kdkjh] tks gels lgkuqHkwfr j[krs Fks] Mksaxjh ds dkjkxkj
esa feyus vk, vkSj mUgksaus dgk fd vcdh ckj vkidks Qkalh gh gksxh] rc eu&gh&eu ge ml lTtu ij ksf/kr gks gh x,A gesa
vkt Hkh Lej.k gS fd foosd dh lgk;rk ls gesa ml ks/k ij fdl rjg fu;a=.k djuk iM+kA
iwoZ izlax dh bUgha Le`fr;ksa ds dkj.k dBksj RkFkk fujkkkizo.k cus gekjs eu ij bl lekpkj fd fd jkT;kjksg.k ds miy{; esa laiUu
mRlo esa gesa laiw.kZ eqfDr feysxh] dqN foksk ugha gqvkA ijarq vU; jktcafn;ksa dk mYykl <k<sa ekjus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
170
169
yxk FkkA izR;sd jktcanh eu ds yM~Mw [kkus yxk fd vc og ?kj tk,xk] tkus ds Ikpkr~ D;k djsxkA bruk gh ugha] jsy ds fdl ekxZ
ls og dgka tk,xk] og ;gka rd vuqeku djus yxkA mlesa Hkh db;ksa dks vkthou dkykikuh] rks db;ksa dks 14] 10] 7 okksaZ dk
Hkkjh&Hkkjh naM fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml naM ds fy, ljdkj us yk[kksa :i, [kpZ fd, Fks] ftls vHkh iwjs Ms<+&nks okZ Hkh ugha gq, FksA
bruh vYikof/k eas brus iSlkas ij rFkk dVksa dh dekbZ ij ikuh Qsjdj muds leku Hk;adj le>s tkusokys yks xksa dks bruh lgtrk ds
lkFk canhx`g ds }kj [kksydj pkgs tgka D;ksadj tkus fn;k tk,xk\ eq>s ;g ugha yx jgk Fkk] rFkkfi vk;jySaM] bVyh] :l vkfn
mnkgj.kksa ls eSaus ;g Hkh fn[kk;k fd jktuhfrd bfrgkl esa bl izdkj dh vlaHkkO; ?kVuk,a Hkh laHkouh; gksrh gSaA ;|fi euq; dks
loZFkk fujkk dHkh ugha gksuk pkfg, rFkkfi o`Fkk vkl j[kus ls u j[kuk gh deZ;ksxk ekxZ esa vf/kd Js;Ldj gS] cfYd og vf/kd
lq[kdj Hkh gksrk gSA vr% ;gh vkl eu esa latks, j[kuk fd gesa ;gha ij ;g dV ml dky rd] tc rd fufpr vof/k dFku
djuk vlaHko gS] lguk iM+sxkA rn~uq:i eu dks rS;kj djks] ;gh eSa vius jktuhfrd lgrkfi;ksa dks ckj&ckj dgrk jgkA ijarq fdlh
Hkh rjg ls mudh mRdaBk rFkk ;g fopkj fd ge vc vo; eqDr gksaxsA jkh Hkj Hkh de ugha gks jgk FkkA tSlkfd ij o.kZu fd;k
gS] muesa ls dbZ tu esjs bl fujkkktud] nq%[kh Hkfo; dFku ij q} Hkh gksrs FksA iqu% db;ksa dk fookl vjfoan ckcw dh ,d
Hkfo;ok.kh dk vkJ; fy;s gq, FkkA vjfoan ckcw dks tc eqfDr feyh Fkh rc mudh vksj ftUgsa muds lkFk dBksj dkjkokl rFkk }hikarj
ds vktUe naM gks x, Fks] eqM+dj vfHk;qDr ds fiatjs ls ckgj fudyrs&fudyrs mUgkasus dgk Fkk] ^^tkvks ;qod] rqEgsa vkt eqfDr ugha
feyh] fpark ugha( rhu okksZa ds vanj&vanj gh rqe lc okil ykSVksxs!**
vjfoan ckcw dk d`.k&nkZu
vjfoan ckcw dks dkjkx`g esa d`.k&nkZu gqvk FkkA vr% bu lHkh yksxksa dk n`<+ fookl Fkk fd mudh ^Hkfo;ok.kh* lR; fl} gksxhA
vPNk] Hkfo;ok.kh ds vuqlkj caxkyh ^ce&xksysokys* eqDr gks x, rks fQj lkekU; rdZ ls Hkh ;g fl} gksrk gS fd vkxjk&iatkc dh
vksj ds ys[kuhokys Hkh eqDr gksaxs vkSj bruh lkjh lsuk ds eqDr gksus ij dsoy rhu egkjkVh; kafrdkfj;ksa dks gh dkSu Bwaldj j[ksxk\
vFkkZr~ lHkh jktcanh eqDr gksaxsA lHkh dk ;gh fup; gks x;kA izu cl bruk gh jg x;k fd vjfoan ckcw dh Hkfo;ok.kh ds os
rhu&pkj okZ dgka ls fxus tk,a\ vusd ehekaldksa dh lw{e leUo; i}fr dk ckj&ckj voyaacu djds var esa ;g fufpr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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fd;k fd ogh lR; gS tks vuqdwy gSA ml fnlacj esa gh og Hkfo;ok.kh Qfyr gksxh vkSj og jkT;kjksg.k dk vykSfdd izlax Hkh vk;k
gqvk Fkk] fufpr gh ge lHkh eqDr gksaxsA fdruh mRdaBk Fkh eqfDr dh! Blfy, fd ftu fiz;dj tuksa ds nkZu ls lnk ds fy, oafpr
gksuk iM+sxk] ,slk ekudj eu rM+irk Fkk] muds fiz;eq[k dey ij dky dh dBksj ubZ flyoV iM+us ls igys T;ksa&dh&R;ksa ge ,d&nks
okksZa dh vof/k esa okil ykSVdj ns[k ldsaxAs ,d&nwljs ds ?kj tkdj vius bl vaneku ds dBksj vR;kpkjksa dh nq%[kn dgkfu;ka
ikfjokfjd Lusg dh lq[kn xksnh esa YksVdj ,d&nwljs ls dgsaxsA cl fQj nsjh fdl ckr dhA caxkfy;ksa dks egkjkfV;ksa us vkeaf=r fd;k]
iatkfc;ksa us Hkh egkjkfV;ksa dks vkea=.k ns MkysA
vFkkZr~ eq>s Hkh fuea=.k izkIr gks x;kA mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls esjs d{k esa ftUgsa j[kk x;k Fkk] os lkjs esjs bnZfxnZ bdV~Bs gksrs vkSj loZFkk
fuNy gkZ ls mkjh rFkk caxyk mPpkj.k esa rkR;k dgrs gq, vuqjks/k djrs] ^rkR;k] vki tkvksxs] rc gekjs nsk esa vo; vk,axsA*
dgrs gq, os mnkjpfjr uo;qod esjh eqfDr laca/kh fujkkk nwj djus dk gkfnZd iz;kl djrsA lR; gh mu lHkh dk esjk ipkl okhZ; naM
lqudj dystk bruk QV tkrk fd ml eqfDr ls vf/kd tks ml mRlo dh [kqkh gksusokyh Fkh] esjh eqfDr ds fy, os vkuafnr gks jgs FksA
mRlo lehi vk x;kA vQljksa dh rks dksbZ lhek gh ugha jghA vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us ft/kj ns[kks m/kj pdkpd lQkbZ djkuk
vkjaHk fd;kA izR;sd canh le>us yxk] eSa rks vo; eqDr gks tkaxkA
dy jkT;jksg.k fnol gSA vr% jg txg ;gh vQokg Fkh fd jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djus dh vkKk vk Hkh pqdh gSA lkk/kkfj;ksa dh Hkh
;gh /kkj.kk Fkh fd ;s vo; eqDr gksaxAs ckn esa gesa irk pyk fd lpeqp gh Hkhrj&gh Hkhrj dqN f[kpM+h id jgh FkhA jkT;jksg.k
lekjksg dh ;g iwoZla/;k FkhA ge lkjs canh Hkkstukfn ls fuo`k gksdj ,d iafDr esa cSBs FksA esjs lg&dVHkksxh jktcanh Hkh esjs fudV gh
cSB x,] D;ksafd ml gkZ dh xM+cM+h esa teknkj Hkh O;Lr FkkA og Hkh dy eqDr gksxk gh gksxkA cl] ;g fufpr djuk ckdh Fkk fd
fdl xkM+h ls dydkk ls vkxs fudy iMs+aA brus esa a a [kku gkaQrk gqvk vk x;k vkSj esjk gkFk cyiwoZd nckrs gq, dgus yxk]
^^ckfyLVj ckcw] vki dk ksr] ftu rhu cM+h&cM+h ukfy;ksa esa ls vizfrgr xfr ds lkFk ugha] o/kZeku xfr ls cgrs&cgrs dkjkxkj esa
igqaprk] mlesa a a a[kkuksa dk izeq[k iBku teknkjksa dk izFke ekad a a a dk f}rh; vkSj [kku dk r`rh;A ckjh ckck ds ks/k la rIr
dj&deyksa esa idM+k tkrk ;g iBkuh f=kqy jktcafn;ksa ds n;ksa dk lnk&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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loZnk vkj&ikj phjrkA muesa ls ;g ,d kwy a a a a[kku ijarq og vkt bruk HkksFkjk cu x;k FkkA nqV Hkh lqV cu tkrs gSa] tgka
mudk ykHkkykH izu ugha gksrkA vkt ;k dy lkjs eqDr gksaxsA fQj vc eq>ls bZ;kZ j[kdj Hkyk a a a [kku dks D;k feysxk\ gka] dnkfpr~
esjh eqfDr ds Ikpkr~ cSfjLVj gksus ds ukrs mlds fdlh u, Mkdstuh ds dkaM esa ;fn ml ij dksbZ vfHk;ksx yx tk, rks eSa dke Hkh vk
ldrk gwa u! dSls dgas\ ugha] bl rjg ds izdV vuqjks/k] izkFkuk,a Hkh geskk dh tkrhA vr% eq>ls vc Lusg j[kuk gh ykHknk;d gksus
ls ;k oSlk djuk djuk de&ls&de gkfudkjd u gksus ds dkj.k a a a [kku esjk gkfnZd vfHkuanu djus yxk vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks crkus
yxk fd cM+s ckcw NwV x,A
cM+s ckcw NwV x,
eSaus eqLdqjkrs gq, iwNk] ^^vkidks fdlus crk;k\** mlus dgk] ^^vc Hkh D;k ^gkFk daxu dks vkjlh* dh t:jr gS\ Lo;a ckjh us gesa
vknsk fn;k fd dy ckgj ds lHkh teknkjksa dks b/kj cqyk;k gS] D;kasfd jktcafn;ksa ds eqDr gksrs gh mUgsa veqd }hi esa ys tkuk gS] ogka
ls tgkt vkrs gh mUgsa ml ij p<+kuk gSA** eSaus fQj ls dgk] ^îjarq vki dSls dg ldrs gSa fd eSA Hkh eqDr gks tkaxk\** mlus
dgk] êSaus ckjh ls iwNk] rc og eqldjk;kA** ml ,d lk/kkj.k canhiy ds ,d /kwrZ gkL; ij gekjh eqfDr ds lekpkj dk Hkou
fufeZr gks x;k Fkk] rFkkfi ^ckfyLVj ckcw* vki eqDr gks x,* ;s kCn lqu rs gh eu esa gkZ dh ygjsa meM+s fcuk ugha jghA dy eqfDr
feyus ds Ikpkr~ ?kj tkdj cky dks tSls NksM+dj vk;k Fkk] oSls gh ,d okZ ds Hkhrj mls n; ls yxkuk laHko gksxk! vkSj lHkh NwVs
gq, fiz;tuksa dk fdlh nqV lius ls vpkud tx tkus ij rqjar galrk&[ksyrk esyk yx tk,xkA bl vlaHkkO; je.kh; dYiuk ls eu
HkjHkjkus yxkA ;g tkurs gq, fd og ek= ,d dYiuk gS] og eu dks vkuan nsus yxhA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd nqHkkZX; ds nk:.k nq%[k
ds fnu dkVrs le; feF;k vkkk] ;g tkurs gq, fd og feF;k gS] dbZ ckj mu nq%[kksa dh /kkj rfud HkksFkjh djus esa dke vkrh gSA
;g lekpkj lqurs gh lkjs jktcanh esjs xys iM+ x, vkSj dgus yxs] ^^vc rks fookl gqvkA vc rks eqfDr feysxh u\** esjs udkjkRed
flj fgykrs gh muesa ls ,d mRlkgh ;qok fe= us] tks eq>ls vR;ar fuNy lgkuqHkwfr j[krk Fkk] esjs xys esa >wyrh canhoku dh yksgs dh
ml galqyh dks] ftleas canh dk ekad rFkk naM dk ydM+h dk rexk yVdrk gS] idM+ fy;k vkSj dgus yxk] ^^VwVsxk] dy ;g fcYyk
vkids xys ls VwVsxkA** eSaus dgk] ^^vki esa dksbZ Hkh eqDr gks tk,xk] ij eSa ughaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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rFkkfi geesa ls ,d Hkh eqDr gks tk, rks gesa mruk gh gkZ gksxkA mruk gh nsk dk vf/kd dY;k.k gksxkA** esjs bl lansg ij rfud
>a>ykrs gq, ml mRlkgh fe= us vius Lusfgy ks/k ds vkosk esa yksgs dh galqyh vkSj ml ind dks idM+dj ,slk >Vdk fn;k fd og
ydM+h dk ind lpeqp gh VwVdj fxj x;kA esjh xjnu dks Hkh rfud [kjksap vkbZ
kqHk kdqu
Ikjarq bls Hkh kqHk kdqu ekudj os vkSj ;g lekpkj vU; dksBfj;ksa esa Qsyrs gh vU; jktcanh Hkh bl okkkZ ls vkSj Hkh fufpr gks x,
fd vc ckfyLVj ckcw vo; eqDr gksaxAs eSaus Hkh ,d Hkfo;ok.kh dh fd vkids bl kqHk kdqu dk ,d fufpr ifj.kke gksxkA fcYyk
rksM+us ds vkjksi esa gesa dkjkxh; naM vo; feysxk] vkSj fQj vjfoan ckcw ds Hkfo; ls esjk Hkfo; gh vf/kd foouh; fl} gqvk]
D;kasfd vkf[kj og visf{kr dy dk fnu Hkh vk gh x;k FkkA
dy dk fnu
nwljs fnu leLr jktcafn;ksa dks vU; lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa ds lkFk dkjkx`g ds }kj ds ikl cqyk;k x;kA ijarq eq>s vkSj ,d caxkyh ;qod dks
igys ugha cqyk;k x;kA lHkh canhoku bl vis{kk ds lkFk fd dc }kj [kqysxk vFkok eqfDr u lgh] de&ls&de dqN okksZa dh NwV feysxh
vkSj de&ls&de }kj v/k[kqyk rks gksxk&papy eqnzk ls b/kj&m/kj Vqdqj&Vqdqj ns[kus yxsA i;Zos{kd lkgc lqifjaVsaMasV vk x,A u;k
dksjk&djkjk x.kosk ;wfuQkWeZ ifj/kku /kkj.k dj ckjh lkgc HKh i/kkjsA jktcafn;ksa dks ,d rjQ uke ysdj crk;k tkus yxkA esjs uke
dk dksbZ vrk&irk ughaA vkf[kj lkSHkkX; ;g Fkk fd ftUgsa cqyk;k x;k] muesa esjs T;sB ca/kq Hkh FksA mUgsa crk;k x;k fd ^vkidks naM ds
gj okZ ds ihNs dqN eghus dh NwV fey xbZ gSA* bl fglkc ls eq>s epkl eghus naM ls NwV feyuh pkfg, Fkh] ijarq eq>s crk;k x;k
fd vkids fy, u eqfDr gS u gh NwVA
vU; lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Hkh okZ ds ihNs ,d eghuk NwV feyhA blds vfrfjDr mRlo esa lHkh cafn;ksa dks vkyw&iqyko dh nkor nsus dh
,d foksk dìk dh xbZA gka] bl foksk dìk ds fy, eSa Hkh lRik= cukA bl izdkj eqfDr vFkok NwV u feydj tkWtZ egkjkt ds
jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg ds fy, gesa feyk&vkyw&iqyko vkSj fcYyk rksM+us dk naMA ge blh esa fdafpr~ larksk eku ysa] blhfy, la/;k le;
ckjh lkgc us gekjs Hkkstu ds le; crk;k] ^êsjs tSls canh dks] tks iwjs vaneku esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vf/kdre naM Hkqxr jgk gS] ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV u feyus ds dkj.k mls O;fDrxr :i ls cM+k [ksn gS] rFkkfi vki tSls Hk;adj
kafrdkjh dks tc rd mldk oSeuL;] xqLlk japek= Hkh de ugha gksrk rc rd bruh lh Hkh NwV u nsuk ljdkj dk drZO; gh FkkA
vU; kafrdkjh Dofpr~ jktcanh le>s tk ldrs gSa] ijarq ljdkj vkidks ek= ,d gR;kjk dkWeu eMZjj le>rh gS] vr% vki mu
jktcafn;ksa dh NwV ij vf/kdkj Hkh trk ldsaxsA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkids dgus ls igys gh eSa tkurk FkkA eSaus dgk gh Fkk fd Hk;adj
kafrdkjh gksus ds ukrs gR;kjs [kwuh vkfn vjktuhfrd ukWu ikWfyfVdy cafn;ksa dh rjg eq>s NwV ugha feysxh\ vkSj eSa vjktuhfrd
gR;kjk canh gksus ds ukrs jktcafn;ksa dh rjg dh lgwfy;rksa ds fy, loZFkk vik= gwaA okLro esa ;g vkyw&iqyko Hkh eq>s rc rd ugha
feyuk pkfg, tc rd esjk xqLlk de ugha gks tkrkA bls Hkh vki okil ys tkb,A**
fdlh Hkh jktcanh dks eqDr u djrs gq, vkSj eq>s rks ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV u nsrs gq, lu~ 1911 dk og jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg lekIr gks
x;kA ml fnu izkr%dky ds le; jktcanh tc dksBfj;ksa ls fudys Fks] rc muesa ls vusd ds eu esa n`<+ fookl Fkk fd vkt la/;k
le; gh os iqu% viuh dksBfj;ksa esa can ugha gksaxs vkt la/;k gksus ls igys gh bl mRlo ds miy{; esa mudh eqfDr gksrh vkSj os
tgkt dh izrh{kk esa canhkkyk ds ckgj dgha gksaxsA ijarq kke gksrs gh iqu% ml dksBjh dk eqag ns[kdj mlds tcMs + esa vius vkidks
nQukus ds fy, mUgsa iqu% Hkhrj ?kqluk iM+kA canhx`g esa ,slh dqN Hk;kud mnkl ?kfM+;ka] tks lHkh ds eq[k ij fujkkk dh dkyh&dywVh
Nk;k Qsykrh gSa] eq>s Lej.k gSaA muesa ml kke dh osyk vkSj og ,d jkr Hkh ,d FkhA
eqfDr dk fookl u gksrs gq, Hkh dksBjh esa iqu% can gksrs le; vU; tuksa ds ml lalxZtU; fujkkk dh ck/kk us esjs eu dks Hkh ?ksj
fy;kA ml fnu esjk Hkfo; ml dkydksBjh dh pkjnhokjh esa fpu fn;k x;kA mlds ckgj loZ= ?kksj fujkkkA L;kg va/ksjkA
O;fDrxr eqfDr dk izu feV x;A vc ,d vU; mRlqdrk us eu dks ?ksj fy;k fd mRlo ds fnu Lonsk dks dqN u, vf/kdkj feys
gksaxs\ kafr ds tks pkj&ikap okZ thou dks nkao ij yxk, QVkQV chr jgs Fks] mudh Hkh eSa Vksg ysus dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA tSlkfd
igys dgk Fkk fd canhx`g ds ckgj tks FkksMs+&cgqr jktcanh Hksts x, vkSj ftUgsa ml mifuosk ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa esa dke esa yxk;k x;k
Fkk] mUgsa chekj gks tkus ij ckgj ds :X.kky; esa ugha j[kk tkrk Fkk] D;kasfd ogka jgusokys canh vR;f/kd Lora=rkiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls
fey ldrs Fks vkSj muds [kku&iku dk izca/k Hkh canhx`g ds :X.kky; ls LokHkkfod :i esa vf/kd vPNk jgrk FkkA
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bl LokHkkfod Hk; ls fd og Lora=rk jktcafn;ksa dks feyus ls os :X.kky; ds vkfrF; dk ckj&ckj Hkksx ysuk pkgsaxs vkSj ,d&nwljs ls
MVdj feyrs jgsaxsA jktcafn;ksa esa ckgj dksbZ chekj gks tk, rks mls kh?kz canhx`g ds :X.kky; esa dksBjh esa can fd;k tkrkA ml naM dk
jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa bruk Hk; lek;k gqvk Fkk fd ;FkklaHko viuh chekjh fNikdj os viuk dke djrs jgrs] vU;Fkk ckgj dh og
lkis{k Lokra=rk [kRe gks tkrh vkSj chekj iM+us ds vijk/kok canhx`g dh dksBjh esa can gksus dk iqu% izlx
a vkrkA bl izdkj
:X.kkoLFkk esa vf/kd NwV rFkk vkjke dh vko;drk gksus ij Hkh mlh le; dksBjhcanh dk naM jktcafn;ksa dh chekjh ds nq%[k dks
vf/kd gh nq%[krj dj nsrk] rFkkfi bl vkifk dk Hkh ,d ykHk mBkus ds fy, mUgsa vodkk feyrkA og ykHk Fkk ckgj ls izkIr dksbZ
lekpkj Hkhrj canhkkyk esa can vius lkfFk;ksa rd igqapkukA chekj iM+dj tc fdlh dks canhkkyk ds :X.kky; esa ckgj ls Hkstk tkrk
rc og vius cksfj;k&fcLrj ds lkFk&lkFk gh ;FkklaHko lekpkj izkIr djds Hkhrj vk tkrkA ckgj v[kckj vf/kd lqyHkrk ls xqipqi
i<+us ds fy, fey tkrsA ckgj x, gq, jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftls lekpkj fey tkrk] mls izk;% rqjar dksbZ&u&dksbZ chekjh gksrh vkSj mls
canhkkyk ds :X.kky; esa can gksus ds fy, Hkstk tkrkA jkT;kjksg.k ds dkj.k Lonsk esa D;k gqvk] ;g lekpkj [kkstus esa yxs ckgj ds
lkjs jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d dks vdLekr~ lekpkj dk jksx yx x;kA chekj cafn;ksa esa og Hkh ?kqy&fey x;kA FkksMh+ lh ijh{kk ds Ikpkr~
lekpkj ckgj ds canh dks ckgj ds [kqys vkSj lkis{kr% vkjkensg :X.kky; esa Hkstdj vf/kdkjh us jktcanh ds lkFk l[rh ls isk vkus
dk fu;kekuqlkj vknsk fn;k] ^^ys tkvks bls] tsy dh dksBjh esa can dj nksA** jktcanh esa vkdj djkgrk&dyirk can gks x;kA
nwljs fnu geskk dh rjg nl cts eSa LukukFkZ vius d{k ds gSts ij vk x;k rks nwljh rjQ ds d{k dh bekjr ds fiNokM+s dh f[kM+dh
ls dksbZ nch&nch lh vkokt esa iqdkj jgk Fkk&lkojdj ckcw! Lkojdj ckcw! eaSus ij ns[kk rks n`fV feyrs gh ml jktcanh us nqrYyh
bekjr dh f[kM+dh ij yVdrs gq, crk;k fd caxky dk foHkktu LFkfxr gks x;kA
lqudj Hkh eSa bl lekpkj ij fookl ugha dj ldkA iqu% iwNK] ^^D;k dgk\ caxky dk foHkktu\ That settled fact is unsettled\**
og gal iM+kA cksyk]^^gka]gkaA** eSaus dgk] ^^jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh rjg dgha ;g Hkh Hkfo; dFku rks ugha dj jgs gks \ ** esjs fe= us
dgk] ^^fcydqy ugha] iDdk lekpkjA** eSaus oSls gh Luku djuk NksM+dj gj d{k ds jktcafn;ksa dks caxky dk foHkktu LFkfxr
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gksus dk lekpkj HkstkA kh?kz gh ;g lekpkj Hkh feyk fd fnYyh jkt/kkuh gks xbZA ijarq bl lekpkj dk dqN [kkl ego ugha FkkA
ego bl ckr dk Fkk fd caxky dk foHkktu jn~n gks x;( vkSj blls Hkh vf/kd egoiw.kZ izu Fkk uhfr dk] jktuhfrd iz;ksx dk]
vr% jktcafn;ksa dks viwoZ larksk feyk vkSj ml fnu mUgsa viuh O;fDrxr fujkkk dk foLej.k gks x;kA Lonsk dh leL;k dk ;fn bl
rjg lQyrkiwoZd lek/kku fey jgk gks rks gekjh eqfDr u gks] u lghA bl rjg ds mn~xkj ml ;qok la?k ds gj fdlh ds eq[k ls
fudy jgs FksA caxky dk foHkktu D;k\ mlds LFkfxr gksus dk ;g vkuqkafxd larksk FkkA ijarq okLrfod larksk ;g Fkk fd ogha djus ds
fy, ck/; fd;k tk,xk tks ge pkgsaxsA dqN yksxksa us iwNk] ^îjarq bl ;%dfpr~ f[kykSus ls larqV gksdj fd caxky dk foHkktu jn~n gks
x;k a a a iqu%A ^êSaus dgk]^ûgha] og Mj vf/kd ughaA ,d ckj ftldks ekywe gks x;k fd eysfj;k dquSu dh fVfd;k ls jQwpDdj gks
tkrk gS] og iqu% ml Toj dk vkHkkl gksus ij vius vki dquSu dh ysxkA**
eq>s jkh Hkj Hkh nq%[k ugha gqvk fd jkt/kkuh fnYyh pyh xbZ] D;kasfd jkT; kafrdkfj;ksa esa tc&rc ;g ppkZ fNM+rh fd Hkkoh fganqLFkku
dh jkt/kkuh dkSu lh gks] rc rd eSa ;gh er izfriknu djrs gq, fd fganqLFkku dh jkt/kkuh mTtSu gks] dgrk fd ,sfrgkfld]
lkaLd`frd] vkS|ksfxd] HkkSxksfyd rFkk lkefjd n`fV ls mTtSu gh Hkkoh Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh cuuk mfpr gSA ysfdu ;g izu NksM+dj fd
jkt/kkuh dkSj lh gks] ;g izu iwNk tk, fd dkSu lh gksxh] rks ;gh dgus ds fy, ck/; gksuk iM+sxk fd fganqLFkku dh jkt/kkuh
izk;%fnYyh gh gksxhA esjs bl rdkZuq:i og fnYyh pyh xbZ] bldk eq>s tjk Hkh nq%[k ugha gSA gka] eq>s cM+k gkZ gksrk ;fn og jkt/kkuh
mTtSu pyh tkrhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
177
izdj.k&15
vanekuh cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu

fganqLFkku esa bl lkjh mFky&iqFky ds pyrs vFkkZr~ lu~ 1911 ds var vkSj 1912 ds izkjaHk esa vaneku ds canhx`g esa eq>s yxHkx ,d
okZ gks x;kA bl iwjs okZ esa dBksj ifjJe dks >syus RkFkk canhkkyk dk vUu [kkus ds ckn Hkh esjk LokLF; lk/kkj.kr;k Bhd gh jgkA
canhx`g dk ;g Hkkstu dSlk gksrk gS] ,d okZ dk vuqHko izkIr djus ds ckn bldh lk/kkj.k ifjdYiuk nsus esa vc dksbZ vkifk ugha gSA
cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu
iqLrd tsy fu;ekoyh esa fu/kkZfjr fu;eksa dks ns[kk tk, rks bl Hkkstu dh ek=k ljljh rkSj ij vi;kZIr ugha gksrhA vaneku esa lHkh
jkT;ksa ds fofHkUu tkrh; yksxksa ds vkus ds dkj.k dVksjk Hkj pkoy vkSj xsagw dh nks jksfV;ka& bruk Hkkstu] tks fd feJ i}fr dk Fkk]
og Bhd gh FkkA ;g ek=k vf/kd c<+kus dh vuqefr ns nh tkrh vkSj bl izdkj fdlh izfrokn dh xqatkbk gh ugha jgrh fd Hkkstu
Ik;kZIr ugha gksrkA cafn;ksa esa ,sls dqN yksx gksrs Fks ftudh Hkw[k bl vUu ek=k ls igys ugha feVrh FkhA ijarq izk;% ,d&nks okksaZ ds
Ikpkr~ mUgha cafn;ksa dh bl fLFkfr esa ifjoZru vk tkrkA ,sls canh rks fojys gh gksrs ftudh Hkw[k nks&rhu okZ jgdj Hkh ugha ejhA vr%
dqy feykdj ljljh rkSj ij fufpr dh gqbZ Hkkstu dh ek=k vaneku esa Bhd rFkk Ik;kZIr gh gksrhA ijarq ml ifj.kke ds vuqlkj vUu
izkIr gksus ds ckn mlds cafn;ksa ds eqag esa tkus rd chp esa tks fo?u vkrs] mudh dksbZ lhek gh ugha FkhA iatkch rFkk iBkuh eqlyeku
izk;% xsgwa Hkksth gksrs gSaA os pkoy ilan ugha djrsA bUgha lTtuksa esa ls jktcanh vaneku esa vkus rFkk fu;fer :i ls mUgha dh okWMZj ds
:i esa fu;qfDr gksus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
178
ls os viuh jksfV;ksa dh vkiwfrZ izk;% vU; cafn;ksa dh jksfV;kas ls mu ij /kkd tekdj vFkok ?kwl[kksjh }kjk djokrsA cspkjs mu cafn;ksa
dks dsoy pkoy ij gh viuk xqtkjk djuk iM+rk vkSj okWMZj egkk; ds dVksjs esa xqipqi viuh jksfV;ka Mkyuh iM+rh vU;Fkk mUgsa
/kedh [kkuh iM+rh] ^ns[k ysaxs cPpw rsjs dksA* fQj mUgsa dke esa rax djus] muij >wBewB ds vfHk;ksx yxkus vkfn gFkdaMksa }kjk ;s okWMZj
mUgsa rax djrsA bl rjg rax djusokys fuU;kuosa izfrkr iBku] iatkch vkSj fla/kh eqlyeku gksrs vkSj os vius fd, gq, vU;k; dh
tkudkjh ij rd u igqapus nsus dh lko/kkuh cjrrsA ogka ds uhp] v/ke&ls&v/ke eqlyekuksa esa Hkh fganqvksa ls fo}sk j[kuk ,d
/kkfeZd drZO; Hkkouk gksrk FkkA vr% ftUgsa bl rjg dh ;a=uk,a lguh iM+rh] muesa fuU;kuosa izfrkr fganq canhoku gh gksrsA
bu okWMZjksa dks tsy esa gh Hkkstu djuk iM+rk] vr% os ftldh jksVh ysrs dHkh&dHkh cnys esa mls vius fgLls dk pkoy Hkh ns nsrsA ijarq
isVh vQlj vkSj teknkj tSls yksxksa dks] ftUgsa ckgj NksM+s gq, cafn;ksa esa ls vf/kdkjh ds :i esa Hkhrj yk;k tkrk gS] dkjkx`g esa Hkkstu
djus dh vkKk ugha gksrhA ijarq os tsy esa gh Hkhrj djuk pkgrs Fks] D;kasfd ogha Ikj Hkkstu ls fuiVus ls ckgj Hkkstu cukus ds >a>V
rFkk iSls dh cpr gksrh Fkh A bl vf/kdkjh oxZ dh {kq/kk kkafr ds fy, cafn;ksa dks cnys esa pkoy fy, fcuk gh mUgsa viuh jksfV;ka nsuh
iM+rh] vU;Fkk ml fnu fdlh&u&fdlh >a>V esa Qalkdj os ihB ij nks&pkj MaMs cjlkrs FksA ,d iBku] ftldk uke fetkZ [kku Fkk]
ogka izeq[k teknkj gks x;k vkSj ^NksVk ckjh* ds uke ls mldk dkQh cksyckyk FkkA og flj p<+k FkkA dbZ ckj nl&ckjg jksfV;ka
bdV~Bh djus ds fy, og fdlh iBku okWMZj dks vka[kksa ls ladsr djrk vkSj Lo;a ml ij fVdh gksrh tks jksfV;ka cVksjrk gSA okWMZj dh
ekax ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ fganw canhoku jksfV;ka nsus ls bUdkj djrk rks fetkZ [kku rqjar okil eqM+ dj vius gkFk ls nks&pkj csar mls
ekjrkA blds fy, dSnh ykbu esa ugha gksrk ;k vkSj dqN cgkuk cuk nsrkA
NksVk ckjh
vaneku esa canh dks lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks ckj ujksVh Hkj ngh feyrkA ml fnu rks ikuh ds cM+s&cM+s yksVs Hkjdj cafn;ksa dks ekj&ihVdj
vkSj muls ngh Nhudj ;s iBku okWMZj rFkk isVh vQlj mls ih ysrsA ,d ckj ,d fganw canh us ujksVh Hkj og ngh ,d cywph vQlj
dks u nsrs gq, fu;ekuqlkj Fkkyh esa vkrs gh mls Hkkr esa feyk fy;kA ;g ckr ml isVh vQlj ds le>rs gh mlus fganqvksa dh iafDr
esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
179
?kqldj ml fganw canh ds ikl ,d QwVh ukfj;y dh [kksiM+h dh vksj ladsr djrs gq, dgk] ^^,s gjkeh] ;g ujksVh D;ksa yh\** D;kasfd tsy
esa QwVh ujksVh ikl j[kuk Hkh vijk/k gS] blfy, ^rqeus ujksVh D;ksa j[kh* dgrs&dgrs ml cyqph eqlyeku us ml fganw canh dh pksVh
idM+h vkSj mldh ihB ij ykrksa ls izgkj djus yxk vkSj >Vds ekjrk gqvk ,ls rc rd dkQj] pksVhokyk dkQj] dgrk gqvk xkfy;ksa
dh ckSNkj djrk jgk tc rd mldh vk/kh pksVh m[kM+dj gkFk eas ugha vk xbZA canh dk ph[kuk&fpYykuk lqudj og ^cM+k teknkj*
vFkkZr~ feTkkZ [kku vk x;k vkSj vius gh xqV ds ,d isVh vQlj dks ns[kdj myVs ml canh ij gh ujksVh j[kus ds vijk/k esa
vfHk;ksx yxkus ys x;kA
eSa ;g lkjk rekkk ns[k jgk FkkA tkrs&tkrs mls ladsr ls lwfpr fd;k] esjh xokgh ns nksA mlh ds vuqlkj xokg ds :i esa esjk uke
crk;k tkus ij eq>s cqyk;k x;kA eSaus tkrs gh crk;k fd ;g cywph isVh vQlj ngh ekax jgk Fkk] tks bl canh us ugha fn;kA blhfy,
mlus mls bruh u`kalrk ls ekjkA rc eq>ij ngkM+rs gq, ^NksVs ckjh* us dgk] ^^ gqtwj] ;s cM+s ckcw gj le; ge eqlyekuksa ds f[kykQ
>wBh xokgh nsrs gSaA** eSaus canhiky dks crk;k] ^^Bhd gS] eSa >wBh xokgh nsrk gwa u\ rks fQj ,d vkSj >wBh ckr dgrk gwa fd vc blh
le; ml Vhu dh Vijh esa bl cywph vQlj us pksjh&pksjh ngh dk yksVk Hkjds j[kk gqvk gSA pfy,] eSa fn[kkrk gwaA**
ngh dk yksVk
canhiky dks esjs lkFk vkuk gh iM+kA og fetkZ [kku] teknkj ds lkfFk;ksa dks cpkuk pkgrk Fkk] ijarq esjs chp esa iM+rs gh egkk; mB
x,A ml Vijh esa ujksfV;ksa ds <sj ds uhps ml cywph isVh vQlj dk ngh ls Hkjk gqvk yksVk fey x;kA xokgh esjh gh FkhA lqifjaVsaMsaV
ds lkeus vdkj.k ml fganw canh ij fd, gq, wj vR;kpkjksa dh rFkk ^dkQj&dkQj* dh jV yxkdj mldh pksVh m[kkM+us dh tkudkjh
nhA tks eSaus dgk ogh mlds kjhj ij iM+s fukkuksa rFkk ngh ds yksVs us Hkh crk;kA
i;Zos{kd lqifjaVsaMasV ks/k ls yky&ihyk gks x;k vkSj vU; isVh vQljksa ij Hkh viuh /kkd teius ds fy, mlus ml cywph isVh
vQlj dks rksM+ Mkydj vFkkZr~ mldk iV~Vk Nhudj mls iqu% dkexkj cafn;ksa esa Hkstdj dBksj ifjJe ds dke esa yxk fn;kA bl rjg
dkQj dh m[kkM+h xbZ pksVh ls fe;kath dh nk<+h Hkh m[kkM+h xbZA
bl izdkj ^NksV ckjh* vFkkZr~ teknkj fetkZ [kku ds fo:} mlds vU;k; ls fganw cafn;ksa dks cpkus ds iz;kl esa og dbZ ckj gesa Hkh
Qkalrk vkSj blds fy, gesa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
180
fdruk vR;kpkj lguk iM+rk] bldk fooj.k vkxs pydj FkksM+k&cgqr vk,xkA mlds fo:} lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa pqxfy;ka djus dh fdlh
dh fgEer ugha gksrhA jktcanh gh dqN lkgl fn[kkrs] rks fn[kkrsA muesa Hkh nl&ikap yksx gh vU; fganqvksa dk i{k ysdj fetkZ ds fo:}
vfHk;ksx yxkus dk lkgl tqVkrsA muesa ls dqN Bksl mnkjgj.k vkxs fn, tk,axAs ijarq ;gka ;g ,d ckr blfy, nh fd cafn;ksa dks
Hkkstu feysA blds fy, tks fu;e Fks] os dqN vf/kd vk{ksih ugha FksA fQj Hkh cafn;ksa ds eq[k eas iM+us ds iwoZ ml Hkkstu dh tks pksfj;ka
gksrh] mlls cafn;ksa dh Fkkyh esa izR;{k tks Hkkstu ijkslk tkrk og ek=k esa izk;% de gh gksrkA
:fpdj Hkkstu
;fn ek=k dh ckr NksM+ nsa rks ml Hkkstu esa u dsoy Lokn dh deh gksrh oju~ ikSfVd roksa dh Hkh deh FkhA pkgs pkoy de ek=k esa
nks] jksVh isV Hkj Hkys gh u feys] ijarq v/kidk pkoy er nks] jksVh vk/kh fladh gqbZ] vk/kh tyh gqbZ vkSj dHkh&dHkh vkVs ds xhys xksys
tSlh er nks& bl rjg dh izkFkZuk,a gesa ckj&ckj djuh iM+rhA lkr&vkB lkS yksxksa dk Hkkstu rS;kj fd;k tkrkA jlksb, brus xans Fks
vkSj ljdkjh fu;ekuqlkj lko/kkuh u cjrus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh os Hk;adj laked] xqIr jksx ls ihfM+r Hkh gksrs FksA ilhus ls
rj&crj muds nqxZa/k;qDr oL=A dM+h /kwi esa Hkkstu ijkslrs le; gekjh vk[kksa ds lkeus ekFks dk ilhuk nky ds cM+s& cMs+ Mksaxksa eas]
Msxfp;ksa esa Vidrk] ge ns[krs vkSj ogh nky gekjs fy, pVdkjs Hkj&Hkjds lqM+duk vfuok;Z gksrkA Hkyk blesa ml jlksb, dk D;k
nksk\ ml ijksfl, dk D;k vijk/k\ fpyfpykrs /kwi esa lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu rS;kj djds mUgsa ijkslrs&ijkslrs mu pkj&ikap jlksb;ksa
ds Vkads <hys gks tkrsA os blhfy, ;g dke djrs fd jlksbZ?kj esa dke djrs&djrs ,dk/k lCth ;k lkx pksjh&pksjh [kkus ds fy, fey
tkrh] frlij ftUgsa fQj Hkh ;s dke ,dk/k lCth ;k lkx pksjh&pksjh [kkus ds fy, fey tkrh] frlij ftUgsa fQj Hkh ;s dke vlguh;
izrhr gksrs] mUgsa djus ls bUdkj djsa rks lqus dkSu\ ,slh fLFkfr esa ^LokfnV* Hkkstu kCn gh ge Hkwy x, FksA bl rF; dks ge Hkh
Lohdkj djrs gSa fd vijkf/k;ksa dks jktk&egkjktkvksa ds leku BkB&ckV ds lkFk iapdiokuksa dk vkLokn ysus ds fy, can ugha fd;k
x;k gS] vfirq canhx`g esa mudk thou bruk uhjl fd;k tk, fd muesa ;g vglkl tkx mBs fd mUgsa viuh LokFkZa/k lq[k ykylkok
fd, x, lkekftd vijk/kkFkZ ,sfgd lq[kksa ls oafpr gksuk iM+ jgk gSA blhfy, canhx`g esa Hkkstu ds LokfnV u gksus dk LiV vlglkl
gksrk FkkA og ,d rjg ls Bhd gh FkkA ml ij tSls xsgwa ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh ihlk tkrk gS mlh rjg lk/kkj.k vijkf/k;ksa dh rjg
jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh mudk Lora= oxZ u cukus ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
181
dkj.k LokfnV Hkkstu u feys] ;g Hkh vifjgk;Z gksus ls os bl rjg dh fkdk;r dHkh ugha djrs FksA mudh cl bruh gh ekax gksrh
fd pyks LokfnV u lgh] mfpr :i esa idk gqvk] LokLF;izn Hkkstu feys vkSj bu jktcafn;ksa dh lHkh caf n;ksa dh vksj ls ;gh fkdk;r
jgrh fd vaneku dk Hkkstu izk;% vr;ar ykijokgh ds lkFk ilhus Hkjk] nqyZf{kr :i ls idk;k gqvk gS] tks LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd
gSA ;g fkdk;r djus ij mUgsa ^>wBh fkdk;rksa* ds fy, dbZ ckj naM feyk gksxkA ijarq okksZa ls ml v/kdPps] ilhus ls rj&crj ?kkrd
vUu dk lsou djus ds ckotqn jktcafn;ksa }kjk ml Hkksstu ds fo:} izfrokn djrs jgus ls vkf[kj eas Hkkstu esa dkQh lq/kkj vk x;k
FkkA vU; cafn;ksa dks jktcafn;ksa dh vksV esa vpkud tks ykHk gksrs] muesa ls ;g ,d vR;ar egoiw.kZ ykHk FkkA bldh dYiuk ds fy,
fd Loknghu] xank Hkkstu dHkh nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy fxj tkrkA nfy;k cM+s losjs idk;k tkrkA ,d egkdkO; Msxph pwYgs ij p<+kbZ
tkrh vkSj mlesa nfy;k idrkA eqag va/ksjs ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd og Bhd idk gS ;k ugha] jlksb;k gkFk esa feV~Vh ds rsy dh Vhu dh
f<cjh Fkkes] mUuhanh voLFkk esa gh ml Msxph esa >kadrkA ml le; nks dkSM+h dh ml VwVh&QwVh f<cjh ls rsy pwus yxrk vkSj mls
frjNh idM+us ls ns[krs&ns[krs lkjk rsy nfy, esa fxjrkA ijarq vkB lkS yksxksa ds fy, rs;kj fd;k gqvk nfy;k Hkyk ;wa gh Qa sdk FkksM+s gh
tk ldrk gS\ ;g lekpkj ij rd igaqpuk Hkh rks ml jlksb, rFkk fetkZ [kku ds fy, ?kkrd fl} gksrkA vr% tc&tc ;g ckr
gksrh rc&rc cafn;ksa dks nfy;k osls gh ijkslk tkrkA gekjs ogka tkus ls igys bl rjg dk fEkV~Vh dk rsy;qDr nfy;k izfrekl vFkok
nks eghuksa esa ,d ckj feyrk gh FkkA ijarq jktcafn;ksa ds tkus ds ckn TkSls&tSls bldh ppkZ gksus yxh oSl&s oSls ;s ?kVuk,a de gksu s yxhA
,d ckj geus LiV dg fn;k fd bl rjg dk nfy;k ge ugha [kk,axsA fQj ;g ekeyk ckjh rd igqapk rks os Hkhrj vk x,A gekjs
fudV ds cafn;ksa ls mUgksaus nks&Vwd mkj fn;k&^ûgha lkgc! cM+k ckcw >wB cksyrk gSA** rc xqLls ls Hkjdj ckjh us eq>ls dgk] ^^bu
lHkh dks nfy, esa dgha Hkh fEkV~Vh ds rsy dh cw ugha vk jgh] rEgha dks vk jgh gSA Bgjks] >wBewB dh pqxyh [kkus ij rqeij vfHk;ksx
pykrk gwaA** bl izdkj kksj&kjkck djds og pyrk cuk vkSj lHkh dSfn;ksa dks fEkV~Vh dk rsy iM+k ogh nfy;k xys ls mrkjuk iM+kA
D;ksafd ,d rks] Hkw[ks isV dks nwljk feysxk ugha vkSj fQj Hkw[ks isV gh dke djuk iM+sxkA nwljk mlls Hkh egoiw.kZ dkj.k Fkk vkSj og
;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
182
fd lk/kkj.k fu;ekuqlkj dkjkx`g esa ijkslk gqvk [kkuk vfuok;Z FkkA mls Qasduk ugha pkfg,A fdlh ds fy, de&ls&de gks rks vf/kd
feysxkA vf/kd gks rks Qasdk ugha tk ldsxkA lk/kkj.k rkSj ij fufpr ek=k [kkuh gh iM+sxhA fucZy vkSj cyoku ds fy, tks ,d vkSlr
ek=k fu/kkZfjr gS mlds vuqlkj vUu xzg.k djrs gq, vkSlr rkSj ij thuk pkfg,A okLro esa ,slk ugha Fkk fd bl izdkj fd fu;eksa dk
vey geskk l[rh ds lkFk gksrkA ijarq iwoZ esa tc bl rjg dh dBksjrk ckj&ckj dh tkrh vFkok vktdy Hkh dh tkrh gS rc mldk
vfuok;Zr% cafn;ksa ds LokLF; ij cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA ;fn fdlh dks lpeqp gh ftl Hkkstu dh vko;drk u gks vkSj mlus og Hkkstu
twBu dh Vksdjh esa Qsad fn;k gks] rks fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk mlls cyiwoZd mBokdj ml canh dks gh [kkus ds fy, ck/; djus ds Hkh
mnkgj.k ns[ks FksA ml fnu og feV~Vh dk rsy;qDr nfy;k Hkh cyiwoZd lHkh dks tks lsou djuk iM+k og blh fu;e ds cycwrs ijA ;fn
nl&ikap dSfn;ksa us mls Qsad fn;k gksrk rks ge ;g fl} dj ldrs Fks fd nfy, esa lpeqp gh fEkV~Vh dk rsy iM+k gSA beus mls oSls gh
Qsad fn;kA ijarq ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] dqkksa ls NqMk+ * ;g le>dj vfHk;ksx pykus dh xhnM+ HkHkdh Hkh rqjar Hkwyus dk ukVd djrs gq,
ckjh pqi cSBk jgkA
jktcanh bl izdkj dh fkdk;rsa ckj&ckj lqifjaVsaMasV lkgc ds ikl ys tkrsA ;|fi mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa ds vuqlkj izk;% mudk vieku
djds vf/kdkjh m/kj dku ugha nsrs] rFkkfi dHkh&dHkh ewM esa gks rks lqifjaVsaMsaV xqipqi fuEu vf/kdkjh ds vPNs&[kkls dke mesBrkA
Hkkstu ls lacaf/kr bl rjg dh fkdk;rsa vkus ls ckjh dks cgqr dV gksrkA og vius fiV~Bw jktcanh dks jktcafn;ksa esa ls vU; fnysj
LoHkko ds lwjek mkj nsrs fd ge Lo;a blls Hkh jn~nh dksnks [kkdj fuokZg dj ldrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] fcuk vUu lsou fd,
vkB&vkB fnu vuku djsaxs] ijarq vkt ge tks la?kkZ dj jgs gSaA og blfy, fd gtkjksa yksxksa dks thfor jgus ds fy, t:jh LokfnV
Hkkstu feysA og blfy, fd gtkjksa yksxksa dks thfor jgus ds fy, t:jh LokfnV Hkkstu feysA ek= isV gksrk rks ge vius&vius ?kj
vk;jySaM 42 dh lM+dksa ij ,d fkfyax Hkj dh fngkM+h ij dksnks ugha ny jgs Fks! ,sls izlax ds ckn Hkh lHkh jktcanh bu egkk; dks
f/kDdkjus yxs vkSj vU; canh dgus yxs fd vki Lo;a gh igys dg jgs Fks fd feV~Vh dk rsy gSA rc bu egkk; us kkafr ls mkj
fn;] vUu fok;d izfrjks/k
42
Ckkjh lkgc vk;fjk FksA m/kj mithfodk dk lk/ku loZFkk uV gksus ls tks nks&pkj :i, feyrs mUgsa vaVh ls cka/kdj os pair gks
x,A fganqLFkku esa izosk djrs gh xksjh peM+h ds ukrs mudh nky rqjar xy xbZ vkSj vius lkglh rFkk fof/k fuks/k dh fpark u djusokys
LoHkko ds cycwrs vaneku esa lq;ksX; vf/kdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr gks x,A
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djuk isVw yksxksa dk vksNk d`R; gSa ijarq ;gh egkk; tc xjhxksys dk VqdM+kA pjkus ds fy, vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk rkd eas jgrs] rc og
isVwiu viuh isV iwtk gksus ls Hkkjh rFkk fkV d`R; cu tkrkA
jktcafn;ksa esa isVw
jktcafn;ksa esa ls tks dksbZ ckjh lkgc dk rksrk cudj vU; yksxksa dks minsk djrk fd vUu ds fy, isVw yks gh yM+rs gSa vkSj muls dgs
fd canhx`g dk Hkkstu lq/kkjus ds fy, izfrokn vkSj iz;kl er djuk] os vius fy, ckjh lkgc dh est ij Qy vFkok ,dk/k McyjksVh
dk VqdM+k ikdj mls vLohdkj dHkh ugha djrsA tsy esa dksbZ xqipqi pVuh pqjk ik, vFkok I;kt fNIkk yk, rks mls Hkh lkHkkj Lohdkj
djds pksjh&fNis pckus esa isVwiu ugha le>rsA
ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa lHkh yksx brus dkB ds mYyw ugha gksrs tks bl izdkj ds :[ks ,oa Hkh: minskdksa dh ijokg djsaA os ckj&ckj
dPph jksfV;ka] dPps pkoy] feV~Vh ds rsyfefJr lCth vkfn phtksa dks idM+dj ml ij gaxkek rFkk izfrokn djrs gh jgrs FksA ml
n`fV ls lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dks jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu ,d Hkjh eqlhcr gh izrhr gksrkA ;|kfi muesa ckjh lkgc ds fo:} xokgh nsus dk
lkgl ugha gksrk] rFkkfi Hkhrj ls os jktcafn;ksa dh d`rK Hkko ls lgk;rk gh djrs] fdacgquk mudk eu%iwoZd lg;ksx rFkk lknj izse dk
vk/kkj mUgsa ugha feyrk rks jktcafn;ksa ij gksusokys vR;kpkjksa dh dksbZ lhek gh ugha jgrhA izdV xokgh nsus dk muesa lkgl ugha gksrk
Fkk rks lHkh jktcafn;ksa esa Hkh ckjh ds fo:} xokgh nsus dk lkgl ugha gksrk FkkA
,d ckj fdlh jktcanh us ml nfy, dks idM+k] ftlesa feV~Vh dk rsy fxjk gqvk FkkA mlus ml nfy, dk losu djus ls lkQ bUdkj
fd;k rks vU; nks&pkj cafn;ksa us Hkh tks ml d{k esa fks] nfy, dk lsou djuk NksM+ fn;kA ;g ns[krs gh dqN lk/kkj.k canh Hkh muesa
kkfey gks x,A djrs&djrs ckjh vk, vkSj ml mkj fganwLFkkuh jktcanh dks MiVdj cksys] ^^>wB cksydj rqe cafn;ksa dh Vksyh dks cgdk
jgs gksA ns[kks] rqe yksxksa esa ls gh vDyean rFkk le>nkj lTtu dSls dkath ds f[kykQ pwa rd ugha djrsA** bl rjg ngkM+rs gq, os
vius ,d fiV~Bw jktcanh ls dgus yxs ^ôsy feLVj] ;g >wB gS u fd nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy iM+k gS \** rc ml lTtu us dgk]
^^HkbZ] eq>s rks dksbZ cw ugha vk jgh gSA** cl] os le>nkj fl} gks x, vkSj vU; lkjs canh >wBs! feV~Vh ds rsy dk iwjk duLrj Hkh
nfy, esa maMsyk tkrk rks Hkh ckjh dh ukd dks feV~Vh ds rsy dh cw ugha vkuh FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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lCth esa lkai vkSj du[ktwjs

tSlkfd geus ihNs dgk Fkk fd vaneku esa ,d Hk;adj tkfr dk du[ktwjk gksrk gSA bldh yackbZ Ms<+ QhV gksrh gS vkSj fok bruk rst
fd bldk dkVk ikuh Hkh ugha ekaxrkA izkr%dky ds le; cafn;ksa dh ,d Vksyh canhx`g ds fy, lCth ysus Hksth tkrh FkhA ml bykds esa
taxy ds vkSj jkLrksa ds ohjku LFkkuksa ij vjoh Hkjiwj ek=k esa mxrh gSA mlesa dqN lkx Hkh mxrk gSA og Vksyh gkFkksa esa cM+s& cMs+
gafl;s fy, og lkx dkVrh tkrh vkSj ml dVs gq, lkx ds <sj&ds&<sj jpdj mUgsa xkM+h esa Hkjdj canhx`g esa Hkstk tkrkA mu <sjksa dh
cM+h&cM+h xf;ka cukdj] nks&pkj ckj dkV mUgsa ml egkdk; dM+kg esa Mkyk tkrk vkSj mckyk tkrkA cafn;ksa ds fy, izk;% blh izdkj
lCth idkbZ tkrhA bl rjg ds dke esa izk;% bruh ykijokgh cjrh tkrh fd dHkh&dHkh lkx ds bu <sjksa esa cM+s&cM+s du[ktwjs rFkk
lkai Hkh mu dM+kgksa esa tk idrsA og v/kidh lCth tc ijkslh tkrh rc bUgsa Hkh QVkQV ijkslk tkrkA [kkrs&[kkrs lkx dk ikk
le>dj mBkbZ xbZ du[ktwjk gksrhA ;|fi vaneku es du[ktwjksa rFkk lkiksa dh ;g lCth ,d vkp;Ztud idoku gh Fkk rFkkfi mlls
Hkh vkp;Ztud pht Fkh og foksk lCth] ftlesa ckjh lkgc ds kCnksa rFkk leFkZu dk elkyk iM+rkA u dsoy geus izR;qr vkSj Hkh
dbZ jktcafn;ksa us Lo;a lCth esa ls bu du[ktwjksa dks fudkydj fn[kk;k vkSj bl lcdks ckjh lkgc ds dkuksa rd u igaqpusokys
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds izfrokn Hkh fd,] ijarq os <hB vf/kdkjh gal&galdj mkj nsrs] ^vks! bV VsLV~l osjh osy*A lqifjaVsaMasV rd fkdk;rsa
igqapus ij os Hkh mudh gka esa gka feykrs gq, viuk jkLrk ukirsA vkf[kj fu:ik; gksdj du[ktwjk vFkok lkai dk VqdM+k Qasddj ksk
lCth vius xys esa mrkjuh iM+rhA vU;Fkk :[kk Hkkstu dSls djsa \ mlij u [kkus ls dke esa NwV FkksM+h gh feysxh\ fQj bruk dBksj
ifjJe dk dke fdlds cycwrs ij djsa\ ckjh ;g HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks] vr% os vFkok vU; dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkjh m/kj /;ku ugha nsrsA
dHkh&dHkh esjs vkSj esjs tSls vU; jktcafn;ksa ds izfrokn ds ifj.kkeLo:i ckjh dks FkksM+k&cgqr /kCck yx gh tkrkA ,sls gh ,d volj
ij du[ktwjs ds bl izlax dks ysdj ckjh eq>s kkar djus ds fy, iqpdkjrs gq, dgus yxs] ^Ôh! Mr. Savarkar, dont you think
much of these scoundrels.** vth lkojdj] bu cnekkksa dk fopkj NksM+ nhft,A vkidh lekt esa tks aph fLFkfr gS] eSa tkurk
gwaA ;g nsf[k,A ijarq bu lkjs cafn;ksa ds lkeus vki Hkkstu dh [kkfe;ka mtkxj er dhft,A os pkSik, gSaA ns[krs&ns[krs esjs flj ij p<+
cSBsaxAs vc rd bl izdkj ds lSdM+ksa du[ktwjs bu yksxksa us fudkydj Qasd fn, gSa vkSj pqipki lCth [kkbZ gS] ijarq vkt rd muesa ls
,d Hkh ejk ugha A**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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ckjh lkgc dh kk;n ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd tc bl rjg dh fokSyh lCth [kkdj dksbZ canh ejs] rHkh ml lCth dks lq/kkjus dk mfpr
le; vk,xkA
mkjnkf;Ro fganw isVh vQlj ij

MkaV&MiV vFkok lgykus&iqpdkjus ls Hkkstu fok;d vFkok ckjh lkgc ds vkSj dqYk izca/k ds fo:} fd, x, gekjs izfroknksa ds eqga
can ugha gq, rks mUgsa can djus dk ,d vkSj mik; ckjh lkgc vkSj fetkZ [kku ds ikl gksrkA og Fkk Hkkstu vPNk u idkus vFkok
de nsus dk mkjnkf;Ro fdlh fganw isVh vQlj ds eRFks cyiwoZd e<+ukA nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy fxj x;k vFkok lCth esa rsy fxj
x;k vFkok lCth esa rsy ugha Mkyk x;k vkSj lkjk rsy pksjh gks x;k] rks gekjs }kj kksj epkrs gh fetkZ [kku ckjh ds lkeus bl
vijk/k ds mkjnk;h ds :i esa fdlh fganw isVh vQlj dks ykdj [kM+k djrkA ckjh tku&cq >dj ml izek.k dks lR; ekudj gels
dgrk] ^^ns[kks] nfy;k [kjkc djus ds vijk/k fganw canh dks naM fnyokdj mlds vf/kdkj ij fdlh ihM+d eqlyeku dh fu;qfDr dh
tkrh vFkok ^vfHk;ksx er pykuk] ge viuh fkdk;r okil ys jgs gSa* dgdj pqi cSBuk iM+rkA ge blh m/ksM+cqu esa iM+ tkrs vkSj
Lo;a pqi cSB tkrs] ijarq ,d fganw dks vdkj.k inP;qr djus ds fy, dkj.k ugha cursA
rFkkfi bu lHkh gFkdaMksa }kj tc fdlh Hkh rjg ls jktcafn;ksa ds canhx`g fLFkr Hkkstu esa lq/kkj ykus dk m|ksx fkfFky ugha gks jgk Fkk]
rc vkf[kjdkj gekjk Hkkstu] fokskr% lCth vkSj jksfV;ka vU; yksxksa dh vis{kk Bhd&Bkd idkdj&lsaddj ykbZ tkrhA dHkh&dHkh
Ik;Zos{kd Hkkstu p[kdj ns[krkA mls fn[kkus ds fy, igys ls gh dqN jksfV;ka HkyhHkkafr lsaddj j[kh tkrhA mUgsa gh jktcafn;ksa esa ckaVk
tkrkA bl rjg de&ls&de jktcafn;ksa dks rfud vPNk Hkkstu feyus yxkA bl vkanksyu ls ;g ykHk rks gqvkA D;kasfd dgus dh
vko;drk ugha fd canhx`g ds dqxzkl rFkk dPps Hkkstu dk ifj.kke ml oxZ ds yksxksa ij] mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ls] tks vktUe dBksj
ifjJe rFkk :[ks&lw[ks Hkkstu ls fpjifjfpr Fks] vf/kd ?kkrd gksrkA LokLF;o/kZd Hkkstu foykflrk ugha] thus dk lk/ku FkkA bu
dVHkksxh yksxksa dk] ftuesa jkh Hkj Hkh LokFkZijk.k;rk dk LikZ ugha gqvk gS vkSj ekxZ dk izu NksM+us ij Hkh tks ijkFkZjr gh gSa] la?k
dk thfor jguk fuLlansg cgqtu fgrk;] cgqtu lq[kk; ykHknk;h FkkA blh fookl rFkk cqf} ds cycwrs ij gh ;g vkanksyu NsMk+ x;k
FkkA vkp;Z dh ckr ;g Fkh fd tks canh ckjh ds vR;kpkjksa ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj bl vkanksyu dks isVw dgdj viuh dk;jrk fNikus dk
iz;kl djrs] mUgha jktcafn;ksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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ds fy, tc ckjh dqN vak esa Lora= :i ls Hkkstu cuokus yxk rc jktcanh gksus ds ukrs mUgsa viuk vf/kdkj trkus esa jkh Hkj Hkh
ladksp vFkok isVwiu izrhr ugha gqvkA
jktcafn;ksa dks FkksM+k&cgqr vPNk Hkkstu feyus dk ykHk gks x;k] rFkkfi ml miyfC/k ls os gkFk ij gkFk /kjs ugha cSBsA le;≤ ij
vU; cafn;ksa dks vkxs djds vFkok Lo;a Hkkstu ls lacaf/kr mudh fkdk;rksa dks lqudj mlds fo:} yM+dj mUgksaus ikap&Ng okksZa esa
cafn;ksa ds Hkkstu esa Bksl ifjorZu djok;kA vkxs pydj ,d vPNk i;Zos{kd vk x;k vkSj mlds vkus rFkk mldh HkykbZ tkxzr j[kus
esa fganqLFkku fLFkr lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk dkSaflyksa esa vaneku fok;d tks pPkkZ fNM+ xbZ Fkh] dV cgqrkak esa de gks x,A
Hkkstu [kjkc] LokLF; fo?kkrd vkSj fdafpr izlax esa de feyus ls ftruk dV gksrk] mruk gh dV Hkkstu tc rd isV esa ugha tkrk
rc rd ftl rjg cafn;ksa ds lkFk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk] ml i}fr ls gksrkA D;ksafd Hkkstu ds le; cafn;ksa dh iafDr;ka dM+h /kwi esa vkSj
okkZ esa Hkh cSBkbZ tkrh Fkh] dksbZ Hkh iafDr ds ckgj ugha cSB ldrk FkkA bl vR;kpkj ds fojks/kkFkZ jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN yksx Fkkyh esa
Hkkstu iM+rs gh mBdj Nkao esa tk cSBrsA isVh vQlj xkyh&xykSt djrkA ckjh iaxr NksM+us dk vkjksi yxkdj vfHk;ksx pykrkA cafn;ksa
dks cgdkus&Qqlykus ds vkjksi esa i;Zos{kd naM nsrsA ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa ls bl fojks/k i{k ds yksx /kwi rFkk okkZ esa iafDr ls gVdj Nkao
esa cSBuk ugha NksMr
+ sA tc os iwNrs fd dsoy Hkkstu ds fy, Nk;k esa F;ksa ugha cSBus nsrs] rks ckjh dgrk] ;fn eSa mu cafn;ksa dks Nkao esa
cSBka rks ofjB vf/kdkjh eq> ij gh vkjksi yxk,axs fd eSaus cafn;ksa ls HkkbZpkjk fd;kA ckjh dk dguk loZFkk >wB ugha FkkA ;|fi
cafn;ksa dks fcuk fdlh dkj.k ls rFkk muij LokLF; foukkd vR;kpkj djus dk mkjnkf;o iw.kZr;k ckjh lkgc ij ugha FkkA
Dqy feykdj canh foHkkx dh uhfr ij gh Fkk& ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kuh pkfg,A
,slk ugha Fkk fd canhx`g esa Hkkstu ds le; cafn;ksa dks /kwi esa rFkk okkZ esa izk;% cSBk;k tkrkA canhx`g ds ckgj Hkh ftl ftys esa ckjh ls
vyx nwljs vf/kdkjh gksrs] mu ftyksa esa Hkh izk;% ;gh dV gksrsA bruk gh ugha] vfirq mu ckgjh ftyksa esa ls dqN bykdksa esa ewly/kkj
okkZ esa [kM+s jgdj gh cafn;kas dks Hkkstu djuk iM+rkA okkZ esa dke djrs&djrs diM+s iwjs xhys gksrs] lnhZ ls lkjk kjhj fBBqj jgk gksrk]
,slh voLFkk esa ,d gkFk esa okkZ esa Hkhxh rj&crj jksfV;ka vkSj pkoy Fkkes okkZ ds ikuh ls Ykckyc Hkjs dVksjs ls nky lqM+drs gq,
[kM+s&[kM+s cafn;ksa dks ;g Hkkstu xys ds uhps
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
187
mrkjuk iM+rkA bl rjg dk izlax ,d&nks ckj ugha vkrk] ;g yxHkx izFkk gh cu pqdh FkhA dsoy ogh blls eqDr Fks ftUgsa ckgj tkus
ds ckn Lora= :i ls Hkkstu cukus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;k FkkA ijarq jktcanh Hkys gh dgha tk,a] mUgsa ;k rks bu dVksa dk lkeuk
djuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk muesa ls tks ;g ;a=.kk lgdj pqipki thrs gq, bu vR;kpkjksa ls lHkh cafn;ksa dks eqDr djus ds fy, la?kkZ djrs]
vf/kd dV gksus ij Hkh mUgsa >syus ds fy, vkxs c<+rs&mUgsa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dksiHkktu ds dkj.k vf/kd gh dV >syus iM+rsA fQj Hkh
muesa ls dbZ yksxksa us >syk&tsy ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj Hkh] bl /kwi rFkk okkZ esa Hkkstu djus rFkk [kM+s&[kMs+ Hkkstu djusokyh iafDr dks
fufpr le; nsdj vkSj og le; fdruk gksxk] ;g os gV~Vs&dV~Vs eqLVaMs isVh vQlj r; djsaxs og fu/kkZfjr le; gksrs gh vQlj
fpYykrk&^pyks mBks] [kku gks x;kA* cl] isVh vQlj us dgk] [kkuk gks x;k rks gksuk gh pkfg,A fQj pkgs fdlh dk Hkkstu lekIr gks
x;k gks vFkok ughaA rikd ls lHkh dks mBdj [kM+s gksuk pkfg,A ksk vUu isV [kkyh gksus ij Hkh twBu le>dj dqM+snku esa Qasd fn;k
tkrkA ;fn dksbZ mBdj [kM+k ugha gqvk rks dqN fueZe isVh vQlj gkFk ds casr likli ?kqekrs gq, ml iafDr esa ?kqldj Fkkfy;ka mM+k nsrs
vkSj HkxnM+ epkrsA fdlh ds pwa&piM+ djus ij ij ls ekj iM+rh vkSj ml ij vkKkHkax dk vfHk;ksx dks Hkax djds jktcafn;ksa us
okksZa rd bl canhokl esa Hkh ;g la?kkZ tkjh j[kkA ikap okksZa ds Ikpkr~ /khjs&/khjs ifjorZu gqvk vkSj cafn;ksa dks ewly/kkj okkZ rFkk dM+h
/kwi esa u cSBrs gq, Nkao esa cSBus dh vuqefr fey xbZA vk/ks isV gh Hkkstu ls mBkuk can fd;k x;kA vkgj Hkh fLFkfr esa lq/kkj vk
x;kA Hkhrj Hkh cgqr lq/kkj vk;k vkSj var esa ckjh dh ^,s cnekkks] rqe dke ds fy, vk, gks] [kkus ds fy, ugha]* ;g vdM+ckt]
jkschyh ?ku xTkZuk fiyfiyh gksrs&gksrs ,dne ean iM+ xbZA
canhx`g ds vUu rFkk mlds lsou ds lq/kkjksa ds iz;kl dk o`kkar izFke ikap Ng okksZ dk vFkkZr~ lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1914&15 rd dk gSA
vkxs ns[k ldsaxs fd lds Ikpkr~ jktcafn;ksa vkSj muds iz;kl ls esjs Hkkstu esa ifjorZu gks ik;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
188
izdj.k&16
vkRegR;k] /kj&idM+ ,oa

nwljh&rhljh gM+rky
esjs izFke okZ ds Ng eghuksa esa eq>s loZFkk dBksjrkiwoZd dksBjh esa can j[kk x;k FkkA okLro esa vU; cafn;ksa dks izk;% Ng eghuksa esa gh
tsy ls eqDr djrs gq, ckgj Hkstk tkrk] ijarq tc vU; cafn;ksa dks dkjkxkj ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk rc dgha gesa dksBjh ls ckgj
fudkyk tkrkA 43 ijarq og Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg yksxksa esa ?kqy&feydj cSBus ds fy, ugha] vfirq dsoy dksBjh ds fotuokl ls
fudydj }kj ds vkxs bekjr ds futZu vgkrs esa cSBus ds fy,A bruh dM+h O;oLFkk j[kh tkrh fd ogka ifjank Hkh ij ugha ekj ldrk
Fkk] u gh dksbZ gels ckr dj ldrkk FkkA fnu Hkj ml dksBjh ds lkeus cjkens esa cSBdj jLlh cVus dk dke djrs jgrs vkSj la/;k
gksrs gh iqu% mlh dksBjh esa can fd;k tkrk] ftlesa lqcg rd vdsys iM+s jguk iM+rkA bl rjg cjl chrrs jgsA dsoy Hkkstu ds fy,
nks ?kaVs ckgj vkrsA cl mlh le; yksxksa esa ?kqyus&feyus dk volj feyrkA
bl le; esjk O;ogkj Fkkus esa fufpr fd, x, dk;Ze ds vuqlkj py jgk FkkA ;FkklaHko lkoZtfud fgrkFkZ iz;Rujr jgrs gq , Hkh
dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, dHkh&Uk&dHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks canhx`g ls ckgj Hkstus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tk,] rkfd mifuosk esa
vf/kd ifj.kkedkjh izpkj djds viuh eqfDr dk Hkh dqN&u&dqN iz;kl djuk laHko gks& ;gh esjh uhfr dk izeq[k eeZ FkkA ,rnFkZ
cafn;ksa rFkk canh fu;eksa ds lq/kkj ls lacaf/kr la?kkZ djrs gq, Hkh eSa bl ckr ds fy, lrdZ jgrk fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izdV :i esa esjs
fo:} vfHk;ksx dk volj u feysA
43
Lkojdj dh ^canh* iqLrd dh fVIif.k;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd mUgsa 15 tuojh] 1912 ds fnu dksBjh ls ckgj fudkyk x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
189
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gesa ckgj u Hkstus ds fy, izeq[k cgkuk ;g feyrk fd ^;g canh dke djus ls bUdkj djrk gS* vkSj LokHkkfod :i esa
dke djus ls BRdkj djus dk vijk/k dkjkx`g esa egku~ le>k tkrk] vr% eSa dfBu] lqyHk dksbZ Hkh dke lglk bUdkj us djrs gq,
djrk jgrkA dkjkxkj esa dke djus ls bUdkj djds tks lkoZtfud fgr eSa fl} dj ldrk] mlls Hkh dbZ xquk fgr eq>s canhx`g ls
ckgj fudyus dk volj feyrs gh fl} gks ldrk FkkA bruk gh ugha] esjh vafre eqfDr dh laHkkouk Hkh ckjg tkus esa gh vf/kd FkhA
blds fy, canhx`g esa tks lk/; Fkk] og lkoZtfud dk;Z fl} djus dk vkanksyu NksM+dj ughaA vfirq mls vU; mik;ksa }kjk tkjh
j[kdj ghA izdV :i esa mu fu;eksa dk mYy?kau u djrs gq, ftlls fd eq>ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk lds&eSa dk;Zjr Fkk gh] lkFk&lkFk
ckgj fudyus ds volj dh rykk esa Hkh iz;Rujr FkkA
jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftu yksxksa dks izFker% dkjkxkj ls ckgj Hkstk x;k] os fufpr vof/k ds naM izkIr vFkkZr~ ,sls canh Fks ftUgsa vkthou
dkysikuh ij ugha Hkstk x;k FkkA mUgsa rks ikap&pkj&rhu okksZa ds fy, gh Hkst k x;k FkkA muesa ls db;ksa dks ckgj cgqr dfBu dke
djuk iM+rkA fQj Hkh esjk muls ;gh vuqjks/k jgrk fd ^ckgj gh jgsaA vki yksxksa ds ckgj jgus ls /khjs&/khjs vkthou dksyikuh ds
jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh vkgj NksMk+ tk,xkA ckgj jgdj vki izpkj dk;Z vf/kd dj ldrs gSa A vr% Hkys gh fdrus gh dV gksa] mUgsa >sysa]
ijarq bUdkj djds vius vkidks iqu% dkjkx`g esa ykdj Bwalus dk volj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko u nsa] tks os pkgrs gSaA* esjs bl
vuqjks/k ij os vlguh; dV vkSj ;a=.kk,a >syrs gq, ckgj gh jgsA brus esa jkT;kjksg.k ds Ikpkr~ igyh gM+rky ds ifj.kkeLo:i
ljdkjh vknsk Hkh vk x;k fd vktUe jktcafn;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN pqfuank yksxksa dks ckgj NksMk+ tk,A mlds vuqlkj nks&pkj tuksa dks
pqudj ckgj NksM+k x;kA dgus dh vko;drk ugha fd muesa eSa ;k esjs ca/kq ugha Fks] rFkkfi muds tkus ls bruk fl} gks x;k fd
jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ckgj Hkstk tk ldrk gSA vr% vkt ugha rks dy] gesa Hkh lgwfy;r nsus ds fy, vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ck/; djus dk ,d
vf/kd dkjxj lk/ku fey x;k] ;g ns[kdj geus /khjt j[kkA
tks jktcanh ckgj x, muesa ls dbZ Ms<+&nks okksZa rd dkjkx`g esa dV >sy jgs FksA mUgsa eq>ls igys gh vaneku esa vkuk iM+k] vr%
dVksa dk izFke vk?kkr mUgsa lguk iM+kA muesa ls dqN yksxksa dks tc dksYgw ij yxk;k x;k rc dHkh&dHkh iBku vQlj mudh ukd ds
lkeus viuh eqV~Bh ds ,d izgkj ds lkFk rqEgkjh ukd rksM+ nwaxk] le>s\] muesa ls db;ksa dks uhp rFkk nqV isVh vQljksa }kjk nh xbZ
bruh vyhy] Hkn~nh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
190
Xkkfy;ka [kkuh iM+rha] ftudk bl ys[k esa mPpkj.k Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA muesa ls dbZ fkf{kr Fks] izk;% lHkh dqyhu rFkk laHkzkar
[kkunku ds vkSj brus fuHkhZd fd yksdfgr cqf} ls izfjr gksdj bl rjg ds ladVksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs Fks&mUgksaus ml voLFkk esa Hkh
fnu xqtkjsA muesa ls dqN yksxksa us u dsoy dky;kiu gh fd;k vfirq mu ladVksa ls nks&nks gkFk djds mu vR;kpkfj;ksa ds lkeus flj
>qdkus ls lkQ&euk fd;kA bl izdkj dkjkx`gh; vof/k lekIr djds mUgsa ckgj mifuosk esa tc Hkstk x;k rc ge lHkh dks ;g vkkk
Fkh fd vc muls lgwfy;r ds lkFk O;ogkj gksxk vkSj mUgsa vkjke feysxkA lk/kkj.k canhokuksa esa tks fk{kk] ;ksX;rk rFkk lPpkbZ esa bu
jktcafn;ksa ds twrs mBkus dh Hkh ;ksX;rk ugha j[krs Fks] mUgsa ckgj DydZ] ys[kd] x.kd tSls inksa ij fu;qDr fd;k tkrk vkSj nl&ikap
canh mudks lsok ds fy, feyrsA vr% dksbZ Hkh ;g ugha dg ldrk fd jktcafn;ksa dks Hkys gh vf/kdkj u lgh] mudh ;g vkdka{kk
vuqfpr ugha Fkh fd mUgsa de&ls&de dksbZ cqf} dk] ys[kukfn dk;Z rks fey gh tk,xkA
Ijarq kh/kz gh ,sls lekpkj vkus yxs fd jktcafn;ksa dks ckgj Hkh ogh dVizn dke fn, x, gSa] tSls Hkhrj fn, tkrs FksA jktcaf n;ksa dks
,sls fdrus dfBu dk;Z djus iM+s ftu dkeksa ds Hk; ls os fu[kjs] eats gq, canh Hkh nokb;ka [kkdj jksx eksy ysrsA mu vkSkf/k;ks a dks canh
tkurs Fks tks jksx mRiUu djrh gSaA vkSkf/k ogh gS tks jksx dks nwj Hkxkrh gS&lk/kkj.k txr~ dh ;g O;k[;k bl myVs vanekuh txr~ esa
myVh gksuk Hkh rks LokHkkfod gSA
Toj ;k nLr dh nok gS D;k

bl rjg ,d canh nwljs ls nch rFkk >aq>ykrh vkokt esa iwNrk rks ml okD; dk vFkZ ;g ugha Fkk fd og nok tks Toj dks Hkxkrh gSA
vanekuh txr~ esa fdlh jksx dh nok dk vFkZ Fkk& og nok] tks jksx mRiUu djrh gSA lQsn dusj dh tM+ f?kldj [kkus ls [kwu ds nLr
kq: gks tkrs gSaA ?kko esa lwbZ ls flykbZ djus ds fy,& vc ;g Lej.k ugha fdlesa fHkxksdj&Mksjk fijks;k tk, rks og ?kko lM+ tkrk gS
vkSj Ng eghuksa rd [kfV;k idM+h tk ldrh gSA ;g lkjh tkudkjh lR; gS ;k feF;k] irk ugha( ysfdu izk;% lHkh yksx crkrs fd ;g
mudk vuqHko gSA vc dksYgw eas tqrus] ckgj ydM+h rksM+us] taxy dkVus] cqukbZ vkfn dkeksa ds Hk; ls izfrdwy tM+h&cqfV;ka rFkk
vkSkf/k;ka [kkdj] vius iSjksa ij Lo;a ?kko cukdj] mls lM+kus ds fy, Mksjs Mkydj] lwbZ dks daB esa pqHkksdj vkSj ;g cgkuk djds fd
[kwu dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
191
myfV;ka gks jgh gSa vFkok Fkwd esa [kwu vk jgk gS vFkok ;g trkus ds fy, fd ikxyiu dk ukVd lp gS& rjg&rjg dh dksfkkas
gksrhA
ey&ew= eqag ij iksrdj fdafpr~ lsou djds Hkh tSls&rSls MkWDVjksa ds lkeus viuh chekjh vFkok ikxyiu dh lR;rk fl} djus ds
fy, iz;Rujr canh gekjs gh ugha vfirq mu ;kf=;ksa ds Hkh] tks vaneku esa grs Hkj ds fy, gh Bgjs gksrs] voyksdu esa vk, fcuk ugha
jgrsA ;s canh MkWDVjksa dh vka[kksa esa ckj&ckj /kwy >ksadrsA blls cspkjk MkWDVj ;g ugha tku ikrk fd lPpk jksxh dkSu gS \ bl izdkj
dk vizkekf.kdrk dk vH;kl nwj djus ds fy, mu yksxksa ij] tks bl rjg ds jksx mRiUu djrs gSa] vfHk;ksx pykdj muds LoLFk gksrs
gh mu ij casr cjlk, tkrsA ;|fi ;g lc Hkys gh lR; gks] ijarq ftl dke ds Hk; ls bl rjg <hB cnekk Hkh tku&cq>dj fokSyh
tM+h&cqfV;kas dk lsou djds 104&5 rd Toj p<+kdj rM+irs jgrs vFkok ,slh nokb;ka xVdrs] ftuls [kwu ds lrr nLr gksrs vkSj
mUgsa isV kwy dh O;Fkk ls rM+iuk iM+rk] mUgsa ;g lc lkis{kr% vf/kd vkjkenk;h izrhr gksrkA og dke rFkk ifjJe esa vFkok
pksjh&Mkdstuh tSls O;olk; esa O;rhr gqvk ftl dke dk dV Hk;adj izrhr gksrk gS] ,sls dke tc cqf}thoh laHkzkar oxZ esa iys
jktcafn;ksa dks fn, x, rc ;g dgus dh vko;drk gh ugha fd mUgsa fdruk dV gqvk gksxkA
jksx Hkh Hkksx gh izrhr gksrs
,sls gh dVizn dke ftu jktcafn;ksa dks canhx`g ls ckgj fudyus ij Hkh fn, x,] mudh nqnZkk ds dqN mnkgj.k mUgha ds kCnksa esa ns
jgs gSaA Jh misnzukFk cuthZ dgrs gSa&
^gels igys lu~ 1857 ds jkT; kafrdkfj;ksa esa ls tks kafrdkjh canh vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ysdj dkysikuh vk, Fks] muesa ls izk;%
dksbZ Hkh thforkoLFkk esa Lonsk okil ugha ykSVk& ;g ckr] mu vlguh; dVksa dks mBkrs le; esjs eu esa cuh jgrhA rc eu djrk]
,d jLlk ysdj xys esa Qank Mky bl deZ Hkksx ls ,dne eqfDr ij tkaA ijarq eq>ls ;g lkgl ugha cu iM+kA pqipki ;FkklaHko
,M+h&pksVh ,d djrs gq, rsy dk dksVk iwjk djus fy, dksYgw pykrk jgkA ,d fnu dk Lej.k gS&izkr%dky ls la/;k rd dksYgw
pykrs&pykrs nsg dkBor~ gks xbZ] gkFkksa esa QksM+s mHkjdj Nkys iM+ x,] ijarq chl ikSaM rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvkA pDdj vk jgk
Fkk] chp&chp esa isVh vQlj dh vyhy] Hkn~nh xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj n; ij likli dksM+s cjlk jgh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa la/;k le;
eq>s canhiky ds lkeus [kM+k fd;k x;kA mlus cM+h vHknz Hkkkk esa gekjk fir`Jk} djds& ekrk&firjksa dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
192
m}kj djds& /kedk;k] ^rqe ij casr cjlk, tk,axsA* ogka ls ykSVdj yksgs dh Fkkyh esa Hkkr [kkus cSBkA nq%[k vkSj vieku dk
Tokykeq[kh isV esa HkM+d mBk] daB vo:} gks x;k] xzkl xys ds uhps ugha mrj jgk FkkA brus esa ,d fganw isVh vQlj us nzfor gksdj
ijlS, ls xqipqi dgk] ^vjs] mUgsa FkksM+k pkoy vkSj nksA ckcw yksx dV esa gSaA*
;g lqurs gh ,dne ph[kdj :ykbZ QwV iM+h vkSj vius gh gkFkksa ls viuk gh xyk nckrs gq, eSa mls jksdus yxkA ,slh nkk esa fdlh
us ihB ij ykBh ekjh gksrh rks Hkh mls lg ysrk] ijarq lgkuqHkwfr ds ;s cksy lguk Hkkjh iM+ jgk FkkA*
viekfur thou ls ej tkuk vPNk
,d ;qod dks] ftudk uke banqHkwk.k Fkk] ekf.kdrYyk kM~;a= esa nl okksaZ dk naM gqvk FkkA canhx`g esa mls Hkh dksYgw dh vkSj vU; dVksa
dk Lokn p[kuk iM+kA tks yksx ckgj fudys muesa og Hkh FkkA ijarq ckgj tkdj ns[kk rks Hkhrj ds dk;Z ls dqN vf/kd gydh&Qqydh
vkSj dqN vf/kd lqfo/kka, izkIr gksuk rks nwj] mls dfBu dke gh fn;k x;k] tSls Hkhrj fn;k x;k FkkA ckgj ;fn dksbZ canh chekj iM+
tk, rks ml cgkus ls mls ckgj ds lkis{kr% vf/kd lqfo/kktud :X.kky; esa Hkstk tkrkA ijarq ;fn jktcanh chekj iM+s rks mls vius
chekj gksus dk Hkh vijk/k dh rjg naM Hkqxruk iM+rk( D;kasfd mls rqjar ml Toj esa vFkok nLr ds pyrs viuk fcLrj flj ij
mBkdj viuh Fkkyh gkFk esa idM+dj nks&pkj&ikap ehy nwj iSny tkdj iqu% ml lsY;qyj dkjkx`g dk Hkhk.k }kj ns[kuk iM+rk vkSj
Hkhrj izosk djrs gh dksBjh esa can gksdj jguk iM+rkA banqHkwk.k bl dV ls c x;kA var esa fu:ik; gksdj mlus canhokl Lohdkj
fd;kA naMk&csM+h] gFkdfM+;ka viukbZ] ijarq bu dVksa dks Vkyus ds fy, dke djus ls LiV Budkj fd;kA mls naM fn;k x;kA iqu%
dkjkx`g esa Bwalk x;kA vkrs g ckjh us dgk] ^^rqe okil D;kas ykSV vk,\ rqe D;k le>rs gks] ckgj dke djus ls eqag eksM+us ij
dkjkxkj dh dksBjh esa can gksdj lq[kiwoZd jg ldksxs\ fcydqYk ughaA tkvks] bls dksYgw esa ys tkvksA** cl fQj D;k Fkk! mls rqjar
dksYgw esa tksrk x;kA og >aq>yk;kA geus mls dkQh /khjt ca/kk;k] ^^rqEgsa rks dsoy ikap&nl okksaZ dk naM gqvkA gesa vkthou dkjkokl
gSA vr% gekjh vksj ns[kdj eu dks laHkkyksA** kke dks rsy ys tkrs le; eSaus mlls xqIr HksaV dhA cl] nks&pkj kCn gh cksy ik;kA
mlus dgk] oSls og fuR; gh dgrk] ^^fN%! bl uhp eku[kaMuk esa thfor jgus ls vPNk gS e`R;q dks xys yxkuk] ^êSaus iqu% mls /khjt
ca/kk;k vkSj dgk]^^Lonsk&LokFkZ ds fy, izk.kksa dk R;kx djuk ftl rjg ije drZO; gS] mlh rjg esjs HkkbZ] eku&vieku dk R;kx
djuk Hkh iquhr drZO; gh gSA vHkh rd rqe esjs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
193
leku gh iPphl ds vanj&ckgj gks vkSj eq>ls vf/kd eqfDr dh vkkk rqEgsa gSA vr% /khjt j[kksA vHkh rks dV >syrs gq, th yks]
ftlls Hkfo; esa eqfDr feyrs gh iqu% Hkkjr ekrk dh lsok dj ldksA** bl rjg gM+cM+h esa pkj kCnksa dks laokn gks x;kA nks&pkj fnu
mlus fudkysA izfrfnu la/;k le; ilhus ls yFkiFk] ukfj;y dh Hkwlh ls flj ls ikao rd kjhj luk gqvk] ikao esa csfM+;ka&chl&chl
ikSaM rsy ls Hkjh ckYVh Nydkrs rFkk da?ks ij Hkwls dk cksjk <ksrs] >qds gq, uax&/kMax banq dk nkZu eSa nwj ls djrkA ge lHkh mlh rjg
py jgs FksA brus esa ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; dksBfj;kas ds }kj [kqy x,& ge ckgj fudy gh jgs Fks fd okWMZj us xqipqi eq>s crk;k]
^^fdlh dks esjk uke er crkuk] banq us Qkalh yxk yh gSA**44
eq>s tSls dkB ekj x;kA fofLer gks eqag QkM+s eSa ns[krk gh jg x;kA vHkh dy gh rks lq/;k le; gV~Vs&dV~Vs xBhys lqn`<+ cnu dk og
;qod dksBjh esa ckrsa djrs can gks x;k FkkA izkr%dky mBdj ns[kk rks vius gh diM+s QkM+dj muls cukbZ Mksjh ls xys esa Qank yxkdj]
VwVh xjnu] thHk ckgj fudyh gqbZ] nksuksa Vkaxs <hyh&<kyh yVdrh gqbZ voLFkk esa ijokyh f[kM+dh esa yVdk gqvkA ml vfHkekuh dks
viekfur thou ls e`R;q vf/kd lq[kdj izrhr gqbZA
,slk vkHkkl gksus yxk b/kj&m/kj lc txg d`.kNk;k QSyh gqbZ gSA ml dkjkxkj esa yxHkx nks eghuksa esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ bl rjg xys esa
Qank Mkydj e`R;q dks xys yxkrk( ijarq jktcanh ds :i esa banq gh igyh ckj Qank yxkdj ejk FkkA esjk eu dgus yxk] ,d fnu
rqEgkjh Hkh ;gh voLFkk gksxhA bl okksZa esa gh cdj og py clk] rqEgsa rks iwjs ipkl okksaZ dk naM gS vFkkZr~ rqEgsa ejus ds vfrfjDr
dksbZ mik; ughaA
ijarq bu nq%[kn fopkjksa esa xfyr /kS;Z gksdj kkar CkSBus ds fy, Hkh ckjh lkgc us Ik;kZIr vodkk ugha fn;k] D;kasfd nks&rhu ?kaVksa esa gh
lekpkj fey x;k fd bl lR; dks fNikus ds fy, fd banqHkwk.k us dVksa ls cdj vkRegR;k dh] ckjh us iwNrkN ds nkSjku bl rjg
myVk&iyVk fo/kku fl} djus dk iz;kl fd;k fd banq us ikxyiu ds nkSjs vFkok vkilh eueqVko ds vkosk esa vkRegR;k dhA ejrs
le; banq us ,d fpV~Bh xys esa cka/k yh FkhA ml le; mifLFkr izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd ckjh us mls fNikdj j[kkA banqHkwk.k
ds vkRedFku d og fpV~Bh fNikdj ckjh us vius fiV~Bqvksa }kjk ;g lekpkj Qsyk;k fd ;g ljklj vlR; gS fd banq dV] ifjJe
ls ej x;kA FkksMh+ gh nsj esa fof/k vuqlkj ofjB vf/kdkjh tkap&iM+rky ds fy, vk x,A muds lkeus ckjh us xokgLo:i jktcafn;ksa
esa ls mu ,d&
44
29 vizSy] 1912 ds fnu banqHkwk.k us vRegR;k dhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
194
nks xokgksa ls] ftUgksaus mUgha dh gka&esa&gka feykus dk ozr fy;k Fkk] ;gh mxyok;k fd ^fljfQjk Fkk] ej x;kA* ;g ugha dgk fd dV
vl gksus ls og py clkA ijarq b/kj lansk&ij&lansk Hkstdj esjs foHkkx ds jktcafn;ksa us lHkh dks fufpr djok;k fd Qkalh dk
dkj.k vkdfLed ikxyiu vFkok vkilh dyg ugha] vfirq vlguh; dV] vR;kpkj] vkkkkwU;rk gh gS% vkSj tSls&rSls ,d ,sls
jktcanh dk uke] tks ckjh ls Hk;Hkhr ugha Fkk] xokg ds :i esa vkrs gh mlds }kjk banq ds dVksa dk dPpk fpV~Bk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds
lkeus [kqyok;kA bykgkckn ds ^LojkT;* i= ds laikndksa esa ls tks rhu&pkj lwjek vkSj fuHkhZd ;qod jktcafn;ksa esa vk, gq, Fks] muesa
ls ,d us xokgh nh vkSj fdlh izdkj ds Hk; vFkok Mjkus&/kedkus dh ijokg u djrs gq, LiV kCnksa esa crk;k fd ban q dVksa ls
cdj ejk FkkA banq vkSj esjs chp esa tks laHkkk.k gqvk Fkk og Hkh eSaus lcdks crk;kA ijarq iwNrkN esa ckjh eq>s xokgh ds fy, ugha
cqyk jgk FkkA la/;k le; ckjh esjs ikl vk;k vkSj eq>s iqpdkjrs gq, dgus yxk fd Lo;a banq us fy[kk gS fd eSa vkilh dygok ejus
tk jgk gwaA rc eSaus dgk] ^^rksfQj og fpV~Bh lkeus D;ksa ugha vkbZ \ iwNrkN esa ckr c<+kus dh vis{kk;g vizR;{k izek.k vkids fo/kku
dk leFkZd gksrs gq, Hkh vkius bls vkxs D;ksa ugha fd;k\ vc Hkh vki eq>s og fpV~Bh fn[kkb,A nks&rhu fnu igys Lo;a banq ls esjk
izR;{k laHkkk.k vkSj ^ge rks ,slh dVizn voLFkk esa bl cjl thuk ugha pkgrs] ^;g mlds vU; yksxksa ds ladV ds le; dgs mn~xkj
gSa vkSj gekjs tkurs gq, Hkh vki dgrs gSa fd og vpkud flj fQjus ls ej x;kA vPNk ;g ekuk fd vpkud flj fQjus ls ej
x;k] rFkkfi ;g izu rks ksk jgrk gh gS fd mldk fnekx bruk fucZy] fu%kDr rFkk {kh.k/kS;Z dSls gqvk fd bl lk/kkj.k fufek ls
og fQj tk,\ ,d ,sls nskizseh dk fnekx] ftlus Hk;adj kM~;a= jps] Qkalh] dkykikuh] fookl?kkr] canhkkyk] canhokl vkfn vk?kkr
galrs&galrs >sys vkSj vusd ckj vius lg;ksfx;ksa d lkFk py jgs LokHkkfod fooknksa ds iPkM+ksa esa Hkh dHkh fljfQjsiu vFkok
fpM+fpM+kgV dks tjk Hkh O;Dr ugha fd;kA ge jktcafn;ksa esa vdlj gh ,slh ppkZ,a fNM+rh tks fdlh Hkh nsk ds jktcafn;ksa esa
foiUukoLFkk eas LokHkkfod :i ls mRiUu gksrh gSaA mu ppkZvksa dk vlj fdlh ij Hkh ugha gqvk tks bl ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs FksA bldk
ifj.kke banq tSls iDds cqf} ds ;qod ij dSls gqvk tks fuR; gh fooknksa ds /kDds] pisVs lgrk vk;k Fkk\ Hkyk mldk eu bruh nqcZy
voLFkk rd fdlus igqapk;k\ dkj.k\ vlguh; dVA tsy esa dV] ckgj Hkh tgka tkrk Fkk ogka vl dV vkSj ;kruk,aA iqu% dke
dks udkjrk gqvk Hkhrj vk;k rks LokxrkFkZ dksYgw rS;kjA vr% og LiV dgus yxk] êSa Qkalh yxkdj ej tkaxk* vkSj blhfy,
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
195
og ejkA ;g dgus ij Hkh fd ôg fljfQjk gks x;k Fkk* ;g izu lqy>krs le; fd mldk flj D;ksa fQj x;k& iqu% vkidks mlh
lR; dks Lohdkj djuk gksxkA** bl rjg esjk ckjh lkgc ds lkFk laokn gqvkA lkgc egksn; dk dksiHkktu cuus ds esjs fy, tks vusd
dkj.k Fks] muesa ,d egoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g Fkk fd eSa LiV :i esa ;g izfrikfnr djrk jgk fd banq dh Qkalh dk mkjnkf;o mu
;krukvksa ij gS tks dkjkokl esa jktcafn;ksa dks Hkksxuh iM+rh gSaA oSls ml Hk;adj fLFkfr esa ftUgksaus ckjh ds Mj ls pqi jgus dk lkgl
Hkh ugha fn[kk;k] mUgksaus eq>s ;g ugha crk;k Fkk fd banq dkjkoklh; ;a=.kkvksa ls cdj xys esa Qank Mkydj ugha ejk] ijarq Hk;izn
fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkrs gh os Hkh vkt [kqysvke crk jgs gSa fd banq dVksa ls cdj ej x;k vkSj mldk mkjnkf;o ml i}fr ij gS
ftlds rgr vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dks ;kruk,a >syuh iM+rh gSaA ij mUgksaus ;g vPNk fd;k fd Hk;izn voLFkk lekIr gksrs gh lR;
mxykA vU;Fkk igys Hk;ok lR; dk mn~?kkVu ugha djuk vkSj Ikpkr~ bl nqjkxzg ls fd igys lR; ugha crk;k rks vc dSls crk,a]
vusd ekeyksa esa ,sls mnkgj.k Hkh de ugha gSaA
banqHkwk.k ds ikl tks iqLrdsa miyC/k Fkh] muesa ,d fFk;kslkWQh dh iqLrd Hkh FkhA ckjh ds fy, ;g vko;d Fkk fd fganqLFkku ljdkj ds
ikl mlds dkjkx`g dh fkdk;r u igqaps] tks i;Zos{kd] phQ dfeuj vkfn ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gksdj igqaprh FkhA banqHkwk.k dkjkx`gh;
;krukvksa ls ugha ejk] ;g fl} djus ds fy, mUgksaus ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd fFk;ksLkkWQ h dh iqLrd gh mldh Qkalh ds fy, mkjnk;h
gS] D;kasfd bu iqLrdksa ls cqf} {kh.k gksrh gS euq; ukd vkfn idM+us ds O;lu esa Qaldj ikxy cu tkrk gSA ;g ugha dgk tk
ldrk fd ckjh lkgc dh bl vafre miifk ij fganqLFkku ljdkj us fdruk fookl fd;k] ijarq banq ds fganLq Fkku fLFkr ca/kq us gB
fd;k fd bldh iwNrkN dh tk,] rFkkfi ml le; rd rks ;g fookn lekIrizk; gh FkkA cl fQj D;k Fkk\ bl vk?kkr ls fd banq
Qkalh ls x;k&tks thfor jgs] os Hkh vius fnu fxuus yxsA iksVZ Cysvj dk og mn~naM ijesoj ljsvke dgus yxk fd banq dh Qkalh ds
laca/k eas rqe yksxksa us pkgs ftruk kksj fd;k] ijarq esjk rks cky Hkh ckadk ugha gqvkA jktcafn;ksa dks ,sls dqN Hkh vlguh; dV ugha
>syus iM+rs vkSj vaneku esa mudh fLFkfr ;FkklaHko lql gSA ,sls izfro`k fjiksVZ vkus&tkus yxs fd brus esa ,d Hk;adj nq?kZVuk ?kV
xbZA
grHkkxh banq foo ds lkeus viuk bfrgkl mtkxj ugha dj ldkA ijarq ;g nwljh nq?kZVuk] ftlds laca/k esa ?kVh] og ,d vU; jktcanh
FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
196
mYykldj nk
mYykldj nk us lkSHkkX;ok ckjg&rsjg okksZa ds Ikpkr~ eqfDr feyus ij viuk o`k tSls Hkh Lej.k Fkk] mruk fy[kkA vr% mudk
o`kkar muds gh kCnksa esa FkksM+k lk lqu ysaA ekf.kdrYyk kM~;a= dkaM ds ;qokvksa ij muds }kjk dke ls euk djus ds vkjksi ij tks
eqdnek vaneku esa pyk] mlds eftLVsV us Hkh ;g dgk Fkk] Ûllaskar is one of the noblest boy. I have ever seen but he is too
idealistic.* ml ^mnkk ;qod* dh bl dBksj dkjkx`g esa dSlh nqxZr cuh] og mlh ds kCnksa esa lquas&
^gekjs fganqLFkku esa ftl rjg dksYgw gksrk gS mlh rjg ds ,d dksYgw esa eq>s tkrk x;kA gekjs nsk esa ;s dksYgw cSy pykrs gSaA ;s cSy
fnu Hkj dksYgw ds bnZfxnZ PkDdj dkVdj vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lksyg ikSaM ljlksa dk rsy fudkyrs gSa] ijarq vaneku esa cSyksa ds Lfkku ij
dksYgw esa euq; dks tksrk tkrk gS vkSj ogh rsy mlls izfrfnu vLlh ikSaM fudyok;k tkrk gSA dksYgw esa rhu tuksa dks yxk;k tkrk gSA
Hkkstu ds pan feuVksa dks NksM+dj izkr%dky ls lk;adky rd ;s yksx ;g Hk; lokj jgrk gS fd rsy iwjk ugha gksxkA ;fn dksbZ rfud
lqLrk;k rks lef>, fd fudV gh [kM+s isVh vQlj dk MaMk rM+kd ls ihB ij te gh x;kA bl ekjihV ls Hkh ;fn dksbZ Hkkx ugha
ldk rks mlds gksk fBdkus ij ykus dh vU; mkstd vkSkf/k Fkh ml lqLr canh dks ml dksYgw dh cYyh ls gkFk&ikao cka/kdj tdM+uk
vkSj vU; O;fDr;ksa dks Hkkxus dk vknsk nsukA vFkkZr~ og O;fDr Hkwfe ij gh ?klhVk tkdj ygwyqgku gks tkrkA flj /kM+k/kM+ Vdjkrk]
eqag QV tkrkA eSaus izR;{k mnkgj.k ns[kk gS&gk;&gk;! euq; us gh euq; dh dSlh xr cukbZ gS! bl izdkj dksYgw pykdj la/;k le;
Fkdk&ekank eSa dksBjh esa can gksus pyk tkrk] rc eq>s ugha yxrk fd dy iqu% mBrkA ge dgk djrs&ekStwnk fLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk
gksxk] ijarq gekjs lkFk vk, gq, lk/kkj.k canh fu;ekuqlkj Ng eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ dkjkxkj ls ckgj Hksts x,A vkSj Hkh Vksfy;ksa ds ij
Vksfy;ka vk /kedrh& Ng&Ng eghus canhx`g esa jgdj ckgj NwV tkrh] ijarq ge oSls&ds&oSls gh vanj lM+&xy jgs Fks] tSls okksZa ls FksA
vkf[kj ,d fnu gesa dkjkx`g ls ckgj Hkstus dk vknsk vk x;kA ijarq ;g eqfDr ,slh Fkh] tSls pwYgs ls fudkydj HkkM+ esa >ksadk tk,A
D;ksafd ckgj tkus ds Ikpkr~ Hkh eq>s ftl bykds esa Hkstk x;k] mlesa bZaVksa dk dke fn;k x;k vFkkZr~ eq>s izkr%dky ls ysdj nksigj
rd xhyh bZVksa dks ykrs&igqapkrs gq, vfojr Hkkxuk iM+rkA ;g dke lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
197
Hkh bruk mck rFkk Jeiw.kZ izrhr gksrk fd mUgsa FkksM+s ls nw/k dk izyksHku fn[kk;k tkrk] rkfd os bl dke esa yxs jgsaA ijarq ;g nw/k
cafn;ksa dh Fkkyh esa iM+rs gh mlij isVh vQlj vFkok raMy
s dh fx} n`fV iM+rhA eq>s Hkh nw/k feyus yxk] ijarq eSaus b/kj&m/kj u
ns[krs gq, mls xV ls xys ds uhps mrkj fn;kA FkksM+s gh fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ esjs }kjk Hkksx u p<+kus ds dkj.k raMsy egkk; vkis ls ckgj
gksus yxsA vU; cafn;ksa dk nw/k mls feyrk Fkk] vr% mlus esjh ml dke ij cnyh dh tgka nw/k ugha Hkjs nks fMCcksa dh cgaxh ;k dkaoj
ij igqapkukA eu&eu dk cks> vkSj igkM+h dh p<+kbZA izfriy ikao fQlydj uhps fxjdj ejus dk Hk;] ikuh Hkj&Hkjdj Fkd tkus
ij Hkh dbZ fnuksa rd tSls&rSls fuHkk;k ijarq vc LokLF; d fy, vlguh; gks x;kA vr% dke udkjus ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ pkjk
ugha FkkA th dM+k djds ,d fnu&nks&Vwd tokc ns fn;k&tkvks] ugha djrk dkeA tks th esa vk, djksA -------vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;kA
eftLVsV us cgqrsjk le>k;kA dgus yxs] dqN fnu vLirky esa foJke djksA ijarq vkt rd Hkqxrs gq, lHkh dVksa] ;krukvksa ds Ikpkr~
eq>s fookl gks x;k Fkk fd ge jktcanh pkgs ftruk dBksj ifjJe djsa mruk gh vf/kd tksrs tk,axsA fQj eSa D;ksa bruk dV >sywa \ os
esjs kjhj ij vf/kdkj trk ldrs gSa( ijarq vius eu ij] vius eu ij] viuh vkRek ij eSa Lo;a D;ksadj mUgsa vf/kdkj trkus nwa \
eSaus Bku fy;k] eSa Lo;a viuh nsg dks nkl cukus dk dk;Z ugha d:axka eq>s rhu ekl dk vfr dBksj ifjJe dk naM ns fn;k x;kA iqu%
dkjkx`g esa Mkyk x;k] iqu% ogh dVizn dkjkoklA }kj ij gh [kM+k gSA ;gka dk vuqkklu rksM+k] dkepksjh dh rks dksMs+ cjlkaxkA
tkurs gks] csar dSls gksrs gSa&,sls fd ,d&,d QVdkj ds lkFk ,d&,d bap xgjs rqEgkjs ekal esa /kaldj pqHksaxsA rhl casr ek:axkA** eSaus
mkj fn;k] ^^vki esjh cksVh&cksVh dj nhft,A eSa dke ugha d:axkA esjs fopkj ls vkids fy, dke djuk vuSfrd gSA** cl fQj D;k
Fkk\ canhiky us rqjar eq>s gFkdfM+;ka Mkydj vkB fnu yVdkus dk vknsk fn;kA brus esa esjs lkeus ,d vkp;Ztud n`; izdV gqvkA
eq>s vkHkkl gqvk vc eSa dg jgk gwa fd eq>s vkHkkl gqvk] ijarq rc eq>s izrhr gqvk fd ;g lR; ?kVuk gS canhiky ckjh us eq>ls
dgk] ^^rqeus esjk vieku fd;k gSA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
198
ckjh ds lkFk }an;q}

^rqEgkjh vksj ls dksbZ izfrfuf/k gks rks cqykvks mlsA esjs fopkj ls rqEgkjh vksj ls rqEgkjk i{k ysdj lkokjdj }an;q} djsxk] ^bl rjg
ckrsa djrs&djrs mlus nwjHkkk }kjk lkojdj dks cqYkk;kA ,d O;fDr vkxs c<+k] tks lkojdj tSlk fn[krk Fkk] ij mlls vf/kd d`k
FkkA canhiky us muls iwNk] ^mYykl dk i{k ysdj vki }an;q} djsaxs \* mUgksaus gkeh Hkj nhA rqjr
a canhiky ckjh us pqukSfrLo:i ,d
gkFkekstk Qsadk vkSj lkojdj dks ,d vL= Fkek;kA ml le; eSa vR;ar mRlqdrk ds lkFk vius izfrfuf/k vkSj ckjh ds ml }a};q} dh
vksj ns[krk jgk vkSj tc a a a a ckjh vkSj lkojdj ds ml lkL= }a};q} esa gekjs i{k dh thr gqbZ vkSj lkojdj }kjk Qsadk gqvk
gkFkekstk QV ls ckjh ds eqag ls Vdjk;k rks mldk eqag mrj x;kA rc eq>s cgqr vkuan vk;k a a abrus esa eq>s gksk vk x;kA og n`;
fi?kydj vn`; gks x;k vkSj eSa gFkdfM+;kas esa tdM+k [kM+k FkkA eq>s iqu% gFkdM+h ds ikl [kM+k dj gFkdM+h esa esjk gkFk Mkydj] rkyk
Bksaddj eq>s yVdk;k x;kA mlh le; eq>s dqN gjkjr lh izrhr gksus yxhA eSa nhokj ls fVdk oSls gh [kM+k jgkA lkeus ls lwjt dh
fdj.ksa eq>s lrr rik jgh FkhA esjk Toj c<+ jgk FkkA dHkh&dHkh eq>s bl rjg dk n`; fn[kkbZ nsus yxk fd eq>s cyiwoZd dksbZ fokSyh
nok fiyk jgk gS a a a abl foy{k.k n`; ds ckn ,d lUukVk&lk gqvk] rHkh MkWDVj vk;kA eq>s lnhZ yx jgh Fkh&107 Toj FkkA eSa
Xykfu esa gh gFkdM+h esa >wy jgk FkkA blls iwoZ nks ckj eq>s Toj p<+us dk lekpkj dk;kZy; esa Hkstk x;k Fkk] ijarq gFkdfM+;kas ls eqDr
djus dk vknsk ugha fn;k x;k FkkA blds Ikpkr~ eq>s gFkdfM+;ksa ls fudkyk x;kA eSa yxHkx lq/k&cq/k [kks pqdk Fkk vkSj Hk;adj >Vds
[kkus yxkA*
og e/;k dk le;
gesa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd mYykldj gFkdM+h esa [kM+k gSA ijarq tSlkfd ij mlds dF; esa of.kZr gS fd mlds Kkurarq brus nqCkZy gks
pqds Fks fd mls foy{k.k vkHkkl gksus yxsA ml ij Toj dk Ukkk lk Nkus yxk Fkk vkSj gesa bl ckr dk jkh Hkj Hkh Kku ugha Fkk fd
bruk dqN gksrs gq, HKh og gFkdM+h esa gh FkkA ge ;wa gh dksBjh ds }kj ij [kM+s jgs Fks] brus esa vpkud d.kZdVq ph[ksa vkSj
idM+&/kdM+ dk dksykgy lqukbZ fn;kA isV esa xM~<k lk iM+ x;kA bl rjg ds dksykgy vkSj ph[k&iqdkj vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj esa
,d lk/kkj.k ?kVuk Fkh] vr% mudk Hk;izn vFkZ Hkh lk/kkj.kr% lHkh dks Kkr FkkA fdlh canh dks ^Bhd djus* ds fy, mlij vpkud
ikap&nl okWMZj] isVh vQlj vke.k djrs gq, mls dksBjh esa can djds mldh :bZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
199
dh rjg /kqukbZ djrs vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ lHkh Hkkx tkrs vkSj rc rd ugha feyrs tc rd xokgh dk pDdj izkjaHk ugha gksrk&bl izdkj
dh ph[kksa dk ;gh vFkZ gksrk FkkA vr% gekjs gksk blfy, mM+us yxs fd dgha vkt fdlh jktcanh dks rks ^Bhd* ugha fd;k tk jgk gS\
ckjh vkSj isVh vQlj dbZ ckj ljsvke dgrs] ,dk/k ckj jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks >xM+kyqvksa dks ^Bhd dj fn;k* rks buds reke
vkanksyu vkSj vdM+ fudy tk,xhA okWMZj ls iwNk] ^^ph[ksa vk jgh gSa] D;k ekeyk gS \** mlus dgk] ^êSa ugha tkurkA** n; dks phjrh
gqbZ ikxy ph[ksa dkuksa ls vfojr :i ls Vdjkus yxhA ikpaos ekad ds d{k ls ikap&nl yksx fdlh dks ?klhVdj] fxjkrs gq, :X.kky;
esa mBkdj ys tk jgs gSa] og ph[k jgk gS&/kM+ke ls fxj jgk gS] fPkYy&iksa eph gSA brus esa ,d OkkWMjZ Hkkxk&Hkkxk vkdj
QqlQqlk;k&mYykldj ikxy gks x;k!*
gka] vaxkj cjlkrh /kwi esa ridj mlds kjhj dk Toj c<+rs&c<+rs 107 tk igaqpk] ysfdu fQj Hkh mls gFkdfM+;ksa esa tdM+dj [kM+k
fd;k x;k FkkA mlds Kkurarq] tks igys gh okksaZ ls dkjkoklh; ;a=ukvksa dk fkdkj gksdj Hkz ked n`; ns[kus dh gn rd {kh.k cu pqds
Fks] fucqZ} gks x, vkSj mls mUekn gks x;kA kjhj esa Hk;adj ,saBu gksus yxh vkSj og nl yksxksa ls Hkh laHkkyk ugha tk jgk FkkA
tSls&rSls MkWDVj us mls :X.kky; esa ys tkdj iVd fn;kA mYykldj vR;ar galksM+ LoHkko dk O;fDr FkkA Qkalh dk Qslyk gksus ij Hkh
og fuR; galh&fBBksyh djrk jgrkA mldk og O;aX;&fouksn mReknkoLFkk esa Hkh mldk lkFk ugha NksM+ jgk FkkA jkr Hkj ph[krs&fpYykrs ]
vl nk:.k ;kruk,a Hkqxrrs og ukukfo/k if{k;ksa dk lgh&lgh Loj fudkyrk gqvk mUekn Hkjs Bgkds yxk jgk FkkA ml jkr gekjh
vka[k ugha yx jgh FkhA
;g fuHkhZd] galeq[k] galksM+ mYykldj tks Qkalh dk naM lqudj Hkh dgdgs yxk jgk Fkk] og mYykldj ikxy gks tk;A bl rjg dh
;kruk,a viuk kjhj Hkh dgka rd lg ldrk gS&vius Kkurarq Hkh dgka rd ,slk Toj lg ldsaxs&blh vkkdk ls gj vkthou dkjkokl
izkIr jktcanh fopfyr gksus yxk& mYykldj dh ,d&,d ph[k mlds n; esa Mj mRiUu dj jgh FkhA rFkkfi ml jkr FkksM+h&cgqr vkkk
Fkh fd vf/kdkjh vkdj iwNrkN djds vc Hkh mlds lkFk ;Fkksfpr O;ogkj djsaxsA ijarq izkr%dky vka[k [kqyrs gh :X.kky; ls u Hkwrks
u Hkfo;fr ddZk anu lqukbZ nsus yxk] ^vek! vEkk!* bl izdkj caxyk esa d:.k ddZk ph[k&iqdkj lrr xwatus yxhA ektjk D;k gS\
dksbZ dgrk&;g ns[kus ds fy, fd mYykldj okdbZ ikxy gks x;k gS ;k <ksax dj jgk gS] vf/kdkjh mls ^fo|qr~* yxk jgs gSaA eq>s ;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
200
d`R; vlaHkouh; izrhr gqvkA ijarq Lo;a dgus ls fd ;g lR; gS ;k feF;k& mYykl ckcw dh izdkfkr iqLrd ls mlh dh Hkkkk esa lquas&
^bl v/kZefw PNZrkoLFkk esa vkSj ;krukvksa ls f?kjs gksus ij Hkh eq>s Lej.k gS fd esfMdy lqifjaVsaMsaV us fo|qr~ isVh yxokdj fo|qr~ nhA og
;kruk esjs fy, vlguh; FkhA >Vdksa ds ij >Vds [kkrs&[kkrs esjs kjhj esa fo|qr~ lapkj gksus yxkA ,slk izrhr gksus yxk fd mldk
izokg esjs kjhj ds gj Luk;q] /keuh] rarq dks wjrk ls [khap jgk FkkA ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd esjs kjhj esa Hkwr&izsr dk izosk gks jgk
gS vkSj ;krukvksa ds vkosx esa eSa mu vyhy kCnksa dk mPpkj.k djrs gq, fpYykrk jgk tks thou esa dHkh esjs eq[k ls ugha QwVs FksA
vkxs pydj eSa iwjh rjg ls viuh lq/k&cq/k [kks cSBkA gksk esa vkus ij fe=ksa us crk;k fd rhu fnu&jkr eSa iw.kZr;k cslq/k fLFkfr esa
iM+k gqvk FkkA*
ge fe=ksa us ;gh le>k fd ;g ej x;kA fo|qr~ yxkrs le; og Hk;kud :i ls ph[kk&fpYyk;k FkkA mls fo|qr~ isVh D;ksa yxkbZ xbZ \
D;k mlds Toj ij vFkok mUekn ds fy, fo|qr~ vkSkf/k Fkh\
mlds Ikpkr~ vkB&nl fnuksa ckn tc mYykl fdafpr gksk esa vk x;k rc mls vius fiz; dqVaqfc;ksa dh ph[ksa lqukbZ nsus yxhA ikxyiu
ds nkSj esa mls yxk fd tSls os lHkh vR;ar vdqykgV Hkjs Loj esa mldk uke iqdkj jgs gSaA mls izrhr gqvk] ^muds lkjs nq%[kksa dh tM+
eSa gh gwaA gk;A gk;A eSa fdruk ikih dqykaxkj fudykA* bl Ikpkkki lsnX/k gksdj mlus dacy QkM+ mldh Mksjh cVh vkSj ftl dksBjh
esa mls can fd;k x;k Fkk] mlds fiNokM+s dh f[kM+dh ls yVdkdj tSls lSdM+kas ihfM+r tho vius izk.k ns nssrs Fks] mlh rjg Qkalh [kkus
ds fy, viuh xjnu ml jLlh esa Mky nh] brus esa igjsnkjksa us mls idM+k] bl vkHkkl ds lkFk g mYykl uhps mrjk vkSj cp x;kA
og lqifjaVsaMsaV] ftlus mls fo|qr~ isVh yxokbZ FkhA mlh le; u tkus D;ksa NqV~Vh ij pyk x;k vkSj ,d nwljk i;Zos{kd vk x;kA
mldh u dsoy jktcafn;ksa esa cfYd gj txg ;gh [;kfr Fkh fd ;g cgqr gh fui{k gSA nwljs fnu mlus og QkM+k gqvk dacy ns[kdj
rFkk Qkalh d ckr lqudj mYykl dks FkksMk+ QVdkjrs gq, /khjt ca/kk;k] ^^;|fi eSa vaxszt gwaA ljdkjh eqykfte gwa] ge nksuksa ds fgrkfgr
fHkUu&fHkUu gSa] vkSj blhfy, eSa ;g ugha dg ldrk fd vki kafrdkfj;ksa us tks fd;k og mfpr gh fd;k] rFkkfi eSa bruk dgrk gwa fd
vki yksxksa us vius nsk dh Loh/khurk ds fy, tks dqN fd;k] mls tc vki drZO; ekudj bZekunkjh dk d`R; le>rs gSa rks ml d`R;
ds fok; esa vius vkidks nkskh Bgjkus dh vFkok vkRefuank djus dh vkidks dqN Hkh vko;drk ugha gSA vki ;qok gSaA ,d&u&,d
fnu vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxdj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
201
Lonsk ykSVsaxs] fQj vkRegR;k dk dk;jrkiw.kZ d`R; D;ksa dj jgs gSa \ vkids dVksa dk dkj.k eSa tkurk gwaA vlguh; dBksj ifjJe gh
rqEgkjh {kh.krk dk dkj.k gSA ijarq eSa vdsyk mls nwj ugha dj ldrk] D;kasfd eSa ljdkjh lsod gw a vkSj ljdkjh vknsk gS fd vki tSls
jktcafn;ksa ls dBksj ifjJe ds dke djok, tk,aA eq>s ml vknsk dk ikyu djuk gh gksxk] rFkkfi ;fn vkidks dksbZ vkifk u gks vkSj
og fLFkfr vki bu dVksa ls csgrj le>rs gSa rks lqfo/kk ds fy, ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa Hkst nsrk gwa&ns[k yhft,A** i;Zos{kd dk Hkkk.k
lqudj mYykldj us mls Lohdkj fd;k vkSj mls ikxy[kkus jokuk fd;k x;kA ogka og ckj&ckj ikxyiu ds nkSjs] ,saBu] f?kXxh ca/kuk]
foy{k.k n`;ksa dk vkHkkl vkfn ekufld ;a=uk,a lgrk jgk] ijarq tc gksk esa jgrk rc mls ml dBksj ifjJe dh rqyuk esa ikxy[kkus
dk :X.kky; Hkh vf/kd lqfo/kktud yxrk] vkSj mls gh eqfDr dk vkuan ekudj og ogha nl&ckjg okZ lM+rk jgkA og igys vaneku
esa] ogka ls enzkl ds ikxy[kkus esa Fkk vkSj ogha ls var esa ckjg&pkSng okksZa dh dSn ds Ikpkr~ mls eqfDr feyhA
ftl fnu nksigj vpkud d.kZdVq ph[ksa lqudj Hk;Hkhr gq, jktcafn;ksa dks Kkr gks x;k fd mYykl ikxy gks x;k gS] mlds nks&pkj
fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ ckjh eq>ls ckr djus vk /kedkA eSa Lo;a igy djds mlls vFkok fdlh Hkh ljdkjh vf/kdkjh ls ckr ugha djrk FkkA
og Lo;a vk x;k rks LiV :i esa mlds lkeus bV er izLrqr djus esa dHkh fgpfdpkrk Hkh ugha FkkA ;g ckr ckjh lkgc dks Kkr
gksus ds dkj.k og dksbZ Hkh foksk ?kVuk ?kVus ij esjk vfHkizk; tkuus ds fy, vk /kedrkA ml fnu Hkh egkk; lfLer onu i/kkjsA
nqV Hkkk.k ds os brus vknh Fks fd uje fouksn esa Hkh lgt gh eeZHksnh kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs FksA
mldk fuBqj lkStU;
eq>s ns[krs gh mUgksaus eq>ls iwNk] ^^vki dc ikxy gksaxsa\** eSaus ks/kkosk esa dgk] ^^kk;n vkids ikxy gks tkus ds Ikpkr~A** mYykl ds
ikxyiu dh ckr NsM+rs gh eSaus dgk] ^^banqHkwk.k us Qkalh yxkbZ rc vkius dgk Fkk] mlus dVksa ls cdj vkRegR;k dh] ikxy gksdj
xys esa Qank Mkyk FkkA rHkh eSaus vkils dgk Fkk fd ôg ikxy D;ksa cuk\ ;g izu ksk jgrk gSA* mYykl ds ikxyiu dk dkj.k Hkh
mlds >sys gq, dV vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks Hkfo; esa dksbZ vkkk ksk u jguk gh FkkA ;g okLrfodrk Hkh mlls vyx ugha gS u\ vr%
mYykl ds mnkgj.k ls ;g fl} gks pqdk gS fd dVksa ds dkj.k euq; ikxy curk gS vkSj ikxyiu ds nkSjs esa og Qkalh yxkus dk
iz;kl djrk gSA esjk ;g fo/kku lR; fl} gks jgk gS fd jktcafn;ksa ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
202
thou ds ukk&vkReo/k] Qkalh vFkok ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa tkus&dk mkjnkf;o eq[; :i esa ml i}fr ij gS] ftlls muls O;ogkj
fd;k tkrk gS& ml dBksj vkpkj&lafgrk ij gS] tks muds fy, ykxw dh tkrh gSA** ;g lqurs gh ckjh us vpkud iyVh [kkbZA mlus
dgk] ^^vkidks dSls irk pyk fd mYykl ikxy gks x;k gS\**
ikxyiu dk <ksax
eSaus dgk] ^êq>s vFkok geesa ls vkSj fdlh dks mlls feyus rks nhft,] ftlls lp&>wB gesa Kkr gksA** mlus dgk]^^D;k ge >wB cksy
jgs gSa\ mYykl ikxy ugha gqvk gS] dke Vkyus ds fy, vU; dkepksj] ikth cafn;ksa dh rjg og Hkh ikxyiu dk <ksax dj jgk gSA**
eSaus mkj fn;k] ^^;fn og ikxy ugha rks ;g fufpr gS fd vki ikxy gks x, gSaA vc vki vkSj vkids ofjB vf/kdkjh jktcafn;ksa
dh rjg ,d Lora= oxZ le>dj geas lqfo/kk nsa] vU;Fkk de&ls&de lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ds leku gh gels O;ogkj djsaA ijarq orZeku dh
;s foy{k.k ;a=.kk,a rks lekIr djsa] vU;Fkk gM+rky ds vfrfjDr gekjs ikl vU; dksbZ ekxZ ksk ugha jgsxkA ,slk ugha fd gM+rky ls ge
vkidh kfDr dks VDdj ns ldsa] ijarq gekjs eu dks de&ls&de ;g rqfV rks feysxh fd gius ;FkklaHko vU;k; ,oa vieku dk
izfrokn rFkk izfrdkj fd;kA**
blds Ikpkr~ yxHkx vkB eghuksa rd] ckjh ds ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk mYykl dks ikxy Bgjkdj :X.kky; Hkstus ds Ikpkr~ Hkh] os
dbZ fnukas rd ;gh jV yxkrs jgs fd mYykl ikxy ugha gS] og <ksax dj jgk gSA mUgksaus ,sls <ksax djusokys dbZ fu?kjs] <hB canh ns[ks
Fks fd mudh ;g vktekus dh kfDr gh fd D;k lp gS vkSj D;k >wB gS] HkksFkjh gks pqdh FkhA lgkuqHkwfr dk >juk lw[k pqdk FkkA
rFkkfi dksbZ ;g u le>s fd cafn;ksa dk txr~ Nks M+us ij vU; tuksa ls Hkh ckjh blh rjg fueZe] dBksj O;ogkj djrk FkkA dkjkx`g ds
ckgj dne j[krs gh og vU; lk/kkj.k euq;ksa tSlk euq; cu tkrkA vkxs pydj mlds LoHkko dk mYys[k fd;k tk,xkA
Hkhrj Hkh dV vkSj ckgj Hkh dVA rFkkfi eSa ;gh dgrk fd jktcanh ;Fkkla Hko ckgj gh jgsa] D;kasfd ckgj izpkj dk;Z djuk laHko
gksrk FkkA bl izpkj dk;kZFkZ eSaus Bku fy;k fd eSa Lo;a ckgj fudyus dk gh iz;kl d:axk] Hkys gh ckgj fdrus gh dV gksaA vr% ,d
okZ iwjk gksrs gh eSaus ckgj Hkstus ds fy, vkosnu&ij&vkosnu djuk kq: fd;kA bu okZ&Ms<+ okZ esa eq>s ckjh ds fkadts esa iwjh rjg ls
Qaldj naM Hkqxrus ds nks ckj volj vk, FksA45 ,d ckj ckgj dk lekpkj vkSj fdlh lekpkj&
45
mudh ^canh* iqLrd esa fy[kk gS fd igyk naM 11 twu] 1912 dks vkSj nwljk naM 10 flracj] 1912 dks fn;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
203
i= ds VqdM+s Hkhrj ykus ds fy, eSaus vukfed i= fy[kkA ftl O;fDr us ckgj ys tkuk Lohdkj fd;k Fkk] og ckjh dk xqIrpj Fkk]
vr% og i= vpkud vf/kdkjh ds gkFk esa iM+ x;kA eSaus mldk uke ugha crk;k] ftls og i= fn;k Fkka cl bruk gh dgk Fkk fd
veqd LFkku ij og O;fDr feysxk] mls i= ns nksA vr% uke ckgj ugha QwVkA ijarq eq>ij vfHk;ksx yxkdj eq>s ,d ekl rd i`Fkd~
dksBjhcan dk naM feykA ml naM ls ckgj fudydj dqN eghus chrs gh Fks fd bl Hkfo; dh ppkZ xqipqi Hkstusokyk gh Fkk fd esjh
rykkh ysus ds fy, vf/kdkjh vk /kedsA eSaus rqjar ml i= dks Qasd fn;kA og vkSj fdlh dks feyk vkSj og idM+k x;kA og i= eksM+h
esa fy[kk FkkA vr% vius vf/kdkj ds ,d caxkyh dkfjnas }kjk bl rjg >wBh xokgh fnyokdj fd ;g i= eksM+h esa ugha caxyk esa gS&
mls ml caxkyh dkfjnsa ls caxyk Hkkkk esa i<+ok;kA ijarq ,d vU; jktcanh us esjh vksj ls xokgh nh vkSj LiV dgk fd og i= caxyk
esa ugha gS] ;fn blesa ls ,d v{kj Hkh caxyk esa gks rks Mse ehA i;Zos{kd m/ksMc
+ qu esa iM+ x;kA ckjh fpYykus yxk] ^^vks lj] bu lHkh
ce&xksysokyksa us lPph xokgh u nsus dk kM~;a= jpk gSA** vkf[kj ml dkfjnsa dh xokgh dks gh vk/kkj ekudj ;g fufpr fd;k x;k
fd og i= caxyk esa gh gS vkSj eq>s vkB fnu rd gFkdM+h dk naM feykA
gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdus ij Hkh
geus phQ dfeuj ls vihy dh fd Hkys gh gekjk naM jn~n u gks] ijarq og i= eksMh+ esa gS ;k caxyk esa] bldk fu.kZ; gksA rc ogka
ls fy[kdj vk;k fd ml i= esa caxyk dk ,d v{kj Hkh ugha gS vkSj ml DydZ us rks i;Zos{kd ds lkeus ml i= dks QjkZVsnkj caxyk
esa i<+k vkSj crk;k fd ml i= esa eSaus lHkh dks vUu R;kx djus dk minsk fd;k gSA i;Zos{kd eu&gh&eu ks/k ls mcy jgk FkkA
mlus ml DydZ dks cqyk;kA ckjh lkgc dks ckgj tkus ds fy, dgk vkSj ml DydZ dks /kedk;k fd ^lp crkvks] lp D;k gSA* rc
rqjr gh dkairs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ljdkj] ge cafn;ksa dks ogh djuk iM+rk gS] tks ckjh lkgc dgrs gSaA ;g lp gS fd eSaus dYiuk ds
vk/kkj ij og i= caaxyk esa i<+kA ijarq og i= caxyk esa ugha gSA ckjh us vknsk fn;k] daBLFk djds ,sls i<+rs tkvks] tSls og ca xyk
esa gS] blhfy, eSaus oSls
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
204
i<+kA** Ik;Zos{kd dk ikjk p<+ x;kA ijarq ckjh ij vkap u vk,] blhfy, ml dkfjnas dks fy[kus ds dke ls gVk;k vkSj eq>ls dgk]
vkidk dguk lp gS fd i= caxyk esa ugha gSA ml fnu Ik;Zos{kd us ckjh dh vPNh&[kklh iwtk dh vkSj psrkouh nh fd iqu% vfHk;ksx
esa bl rjg cukoVh xokgh fnyokdj esjh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksadus dk iz;kl fd;k rks ;kn j[kuk! bl rjg dHKh jktcanh tc ckjh ds
nkar [kV~Vs djrs rc vkB&fnu rks og muesa ls lwjek i{k ds lkFk eqyk;e cuk jgrkA mls vpkud vius vk;fjk [kwu dk Lej.k
gksrkA vth] eSa vk;fjk gwa] ;qokoLFkk esa vaxzstksa ds fo:} eSaus Hkh iM~;a= jps gSaA vjs] eq>s viuk nqeu D;ksa le>rs gks \ cl bruk gh
gS fd ljdkjh ukSdj gksus ds ukrs eq>s vknskksa dks ikyu djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn blls vkidks dV gks rks ljdkj dks nksk nsaA eSa
fujijk/k gwaA bl rjg pkiywlh djrs gq, ij ls ,dk/k lekpkj Hkh ns nsrkA cgqr izlUu gksus ij ,dk/k vaxzsth i{k dk v[kckj Hkh
i<+us ds fy, ns nsrkA ge Hkh mls mu lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, bZekunkjh ls] ij ftruk vko;d Fkk] mruk gh /kU;okn nsrsA
bu nks vfHk;ksxksa ds vfrfjDr ge ij izFke Ms<+ okZ esa dksbZ vfHk;ksx ugha yxk FkkA tks jktcanh ckgj fudys Fks] muesa dqN ,sls Fks
ftuij bl rjg dh fpf;ka Hkstus ds vijk/k esa dbZ ckj vfHk;ksx pyk, x, FksA bruk gh ugha] ,sls Hkh yksx Fks] ftUgksaus gM+rky esa
Hkh Hkkx fy;k Fkk] vr% eSaus vkosnu&i=ksa dh ckSNkj djuk vkjaHk fd;k fd mudh rjg eq>s Hkh ckgj j[kk tk,A esjs ca/kq dks rks <kbZ
okZ gks pqds FksA eq>s dHkh mkj feyrk] ^vki ml jktnzksgh oxZ ds canh ugha gSaA vki rks dsoy ,d lk/kkj.k canh gSA* eSa rqjar mkj
Hkstrk fd ^lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa rks mudk lekosk gksrk gS tks dkjkx`g rksM+dj Hkkxs gSa] ftUgsa dbZ ckj naM gks pqdk gS vkSj iksVZ Cysvj
vkus ds ckn Hkkx tkusokys cafn;ksa dks iqu% vkrs gh ,d okZ Ikpkr~ ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA os isVh vQlj Hkh gksrs gSaA ;fn eSa ,d
lk/kkj.k canh gwa rks eq>s blls iwoZ NksM+uk pkfg, Fkk] eq> isVh vQlj Hkh cukuk pkfg, Fkk] D;kasfd mudh rqyuk esa esjs fo:} rks dqN
Hkh dkjkxkjh; vijk/k ntZ ugha gSaA* bl rjg uksad&>ksad gksrs&gksrs fu:ik; gksdj var esa phQ dfeuj dks LiV kCnksa esa dguk iM+k
fd ^vkidks dkjkx`g ls ckgj ugha fudkyk tk ldrk* D;kasfd ^vkidk dkjkxkjh; vkpj.k* ckgj x, gq, cafn;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd
vPNk rks gS] rFkkfi vkidk iwoZsfrgkl egkHk;adj gSA*46 ;fn iwosZfrgkl ij gh xkSj djuk gS rks fQj orZeku ^vkpj.k vukifkr* gksus
dk D;k ykHk gks ldrk gS\ vFkkZr~ ge lnkpj.k djsa rks Hkh dkjkxkj vkSj nqjkpkj djsa rks Hkh dkjkxkj!
46
;g mkj 4 uoacj] 1912 dks vk;k FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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esjs ckgj fudyus ds iz;klksa dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ckgj fudys gq, jktcafn;ksa ds dV vf/kdkf/kd c<+us yxsA tSlkfd ij funsZk
fd;k gS] banqHkwk.k ds thou&foukk fok;d Hkh dqN&u&dqN izfrokn] dqN izfrdkj djuk lHkh viuk drZO; le>us yxsA var esa ppkZ
gqbZ vkSj r; fd;k x;k fd lkoZtfud gM+rky dh tk,A ^ftl rjg ;a=.kk nsrs le; gesa jktcanh le>k tkrk gS mlh rjg lqfo/kk nsrs
le; Hkh le>k tk,] ckgj vFkok Hkhrj vR;ar dVizn ifjJe u nsrs gq, gesa ys[ku dk;Z ij vFkok og Hkh ugha nsuk gks rks
fdlh&u&fdlh Nkao ds lql gLr O;olk; ds dk;kZsa ij yxk;k tk, vkSj geesa tks ,sls jktcanh gks ftUgsa lkof/k naM vFkkZr~ vktUe
dkysikuh dk naM ugha gqvk Fkk] mUgsa NwV nh tk,] tSls vius nsk ds dkjkx`gksa esa i=] HksaV] NwV vkfn tks ykHk cafn;ksa dks feyrs gSa] og
gesa blfy, ugha feyrs D;kasfd gesa dkysikuh dk naM fey x;k gS vkSj dkysikuh ij ys[ku dk;Z] ckgj LoPNan fopj.k] isVh vQlj
gksuk vkfn tks lgwfy;rsa cafn;ksa dks feyrh gSa] muesa gesa lk/kkj.k canh u gksdj foksk izdkj ds canhoku gksus ds ukrs oafpr jguk iM+rk
gS( vkSj foksk canh ds :I esa dqN foksk lqfo/kkvksa dh ekax djsa rks gesa crk;k tkrk gS fd rqe yksxksa ds fy, lk/kkj.k ca fn;ksa ls i{kikr
djds bl izdkj dh foksk lqfo/kk,a ugha nh tk ldrhA bl rjg nskh dkjkx`gh; lqfo/kk,a] dkykikuh fLFkr lqfo/kk,a] foksk oxhZ;
lqfo/kk,a] bu lqfo/kkvksa esa ls ,d Hkh ykHknk;h lqfo/kk u feyrs gq, bu rhuksa izdkj ds oxkZarxZr gkfudkjd fucZa/k Hkqxrus ds fy, gh
dsoy gekjs bl foksk oxZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vr% Hkfo; esa ge ;g pqipke ugha lgsaxsA ek= dV vkSj dksbZ Hkh lqfo/kk ugha
feyuh gS rks ge dke Hkh ugha djsaxsA vc dV gSa rks dV gh lgsax]s fQj tks gksuk gS gksus nksA esjs vkSj vU; yksxksa ds blh vkk; ds
vkosnu&i=ksa dks Bsaxk fn[kk;k x;kA gM+rky fufpr gks xbZ vkSj ckgj ls dke dks udkjdj ,d&,d] nks&nks djds yksx] iqu% dkjkx`g
ds yksx Hkh ,d fufpr fnol ij ,d lkFk dke djus dks euk djds ,d lkFk gks x, vkSj bl izdkj dkjkx`g esa nwljh gM+rky dk
Jhx.ksk gqvkA
esjs ca/kq igys gh fnu gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x, FksA naMksa dh Hkjekj gksus yxhA >qaM&ds&>qaM Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus [kM+s fd, tkrs vkSj
gFkdM+h] naMk&csM+h] dksBjh&csM+h vkfn naM tksj ls fpYykdj lquk, tkus yxsA izR;sd d{k esa jktcanh gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVds gq, fn[kkbZ nsus
yxsA dksbZ gFkdM+h ds lkFk cSBus dk iz;kl djus yxk] dksbZ ikao&csfM+;ka Myokus ls euk djus yxk] dksbZ vkil esa cksyus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
206
ds fu;e dk Hkax djds ,d&nwljs ls nwj ls gh tksj&tksj ls ljsvke cfr;kus yxk] dksbZ ckjh vkfn vf/kdkjh ds tsy esa izfoV gksrs gh
tks [kM+s gksuk iM+rk Fkk] vc [kM+s ugha gksrsA izk;% lHkh us dke dks udkj fn;k FkkA ckjh ds vkxeu ds lkFk gh isVh vQlj
fpYykrk] ^ljdkj!* lHkh canh fu;ekuqlkj ugha rks :f<+ ds vuqlkj [kM+s jgrs] ijarq jktcanh cSBs jgrsA ,d&,d dks idM+dj [kM+k
djus ds fy, rhu&rhu tuksa dh vko;drk iM+rhA bl rjg cykr~ [kM+s djokdj viuk lEeku djkus ls ckjh Hkyk fdrus fnu rd
larqV jg ldrk Fkk\ jktcafn;ksa ds dke can djus ls mudk Hkktsu Hkh rksMk+ x;kA fdlh dks FkksMk+ vUu fn;k tkrk rks fdlh dks
vkB&vkB fnuksa rd dsoy dkath ued jfgr nh tkrhA dgha&dgha ekjihV Hkh gksus yxhA bl rjg loZ= HkxnM+ ephA bDdk&nqDdk
ekjihV dk lekpkj esjs dkuksa esa vkrs gh eSaus ckjh lkgc dks LiV psrkouh nh fd ^vHkh rd jktcanh dsoy vizR;{k :i ls gh
fu;e Hkax dj jgs gSa] os vkidks nksk ugha nsrsA ijarq ;fn vU;k; ls vki vius gh fu;e ds fo:} O;ogkj djds ekjihV ij mrjsaxs
rks ;kn j[ksa] ;s ikxy cus ;qod vkik [kksdj pksV dks pksV nsus mrj iMsa+xAs os tkurs gSa] vki mUgsa dqpy MkysaxAs ijarq ;kn j[ksa] tku
gFksyh ij fy,s w} lkai dh rjg os dgha Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh le; Mldj fQj dqpys tk,axsA bl rjg fu;e rksM+dj ,d dks rhu
idM+usokyksa vkSj ekjusokys vkids v/khuLFk isVh vf/kdkjh dh funZ;rk vkSj dk;jrk ij vadqk jgsxkA ogh ckr xkfy;ksa dh gSA
jktcafn;ksa dks fokskr% iBku] fla/kh vkfn eqlyeku isVh vQlj xanh&xanh xkfy;ka nsrs gSaA tokc esa mUgsa mruh gh chHkRl] Hkn~nh xkfy;ka
nsus dk Kku ;|fi lHkh cafn;ksa dks ugha gS] rFkkfi muesa ls dqN cafn;ksa us bl kkL= dk v/;;u fd;k gS vkSj os gj HkksaMh] vks Nh xkyh
ds mkj esa mlh rjg pqfuank xkfy;ka ns ldrs gSa fd cnekk iBku Hkh nkarksa rys vaxqfy;ka nck,axsA xkfy;ksa ls ekjihV dk izu [kM+k
jguk LokHkkfod gh gS vkSj eSaus vkidks LiV fd;k gS fd ekjihV dk D;k ifj.kke gksxkA*
esjh bl izdkj dh psrkouh dk ifj.kke ckjh ij vo; gksrk] ijarq og bl ljy Hkkk.k dks myVdj] lkojdj ekjihV dks izksRlkfgr
djrs gSa] ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr fd, fcuk ugha jgrkA vHkh rd eSaus dke ugha NksM+k FkkA dke NksM+us ls ml okZ dk i= tkus
dk vuqjks/k djrk FkkA esjs ?kj ls vk, gq, i= esa fganqLFkku dk dkQh lekpkj gksrk Fkk vkSjog i= ge lHkh dks lIrkg Hkj lekpkj
dk laHkj.k izrhr gksrk FkkA dkjkx`g esa dbZ yksx ml i= dks ysdj iqu%&iqu% i<+rsA blds fy, eSaus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
207
fup; fd;k Fkk] esjs i= dh vof/k iwjh gksus ls i=&izfIr ds Ikpkr~ gh gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks tkaxkA esjs ca/kq blls iwoZ gh gM+rky
esa lfEefyr gks pqds FksA tSl&s tSls gM+rky dh vof/k yach gksrh xbZ] oSl&s oSls ckjh dks ,sls vieku dk vuqHko djuk iM+k] ftls mlus
dHkh ugha fd;k FkkA vU: cafn;ksa dh n`fV esa Hkh ifjorZu vk x;kA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ij tks ncnck mUgksaus cuk;k gqvk Fkk] thou Hkj
mls fLFkj j[kus ds iz;kl esa ckjh dh Hkkjh gM+cM+kgV gksrhA dHkh&dHkh rks cM+k euksj atd izlax vk tkrkA jktcafn;ksa esa dqN yksx
vf/kd fkf{kr ugha Fks] ijarq ckjh ds lkFk vU; LkHkh jktcanh vaxszth esa okkkZyki djrs] mlh rjg os Hkh vaxzsth esa laHkkk.k djrsA ijarq
,d fnu ckjh lkgc ds prqj fnekx esa ,d fofp= dYiuk vk xbZ fd ;s yksx eq>ls vaxszth esa ckr djrs gSa] blfy, ;s lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa
ij Nk tkrs gSaA vr% mu jktcafn;ksa ls mlus dgk] ^^rqEgsa vaxszth cksyus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA rqe yksx foksk fkf{kr ugha gks A lk/kkj.k
cafn;ksa dh rjg gksA**
vaxzsth esa ugha] fganh esa cksyks
cl fQj D;k Fkk! mUgksasus vfoyac fganh okD; dk mPpkj.k fd;k] ^^vth] vaxzsth nsook.kh FkksM+h gh gS \ vki gh vaxszth esa iwNrs gSa]
blhfy, vaxzsth esa mkj nsuk iM+rk gSA ;g bruh TtkLin ckr ugha gS fd gesa vaxzsth esa cksyuk ugha vkrkA YkTtkLin ckr rks ;g gS
fd vk;fjk dks[k ls tUe ysdj vki vk;fjk Hkkkk dk ,d v{kj Hkh ugha tkursA gekjs fy, ;g xkSjo dh ckr gS ge bruh
QjkZVsnkj vaxszth ugha cksy ldrs fd viuh ekr`Hkkkk dk Hkh foLej.k gksA vkidks bl crk ij yTtk vkuh pkfg, fd vkidks ekr`Hkkkk
dk bruk lk Hkh Kku ugha vkSj vaxszth bruh yPNsnkj cksyrs gSaA** fganh Hkkkk dh ;g izFke rksi nkxrs gh lHkh lk/kkj.k canh ckjh lkgc
dh vksj Vqdqj&Vqdqj ns[kus yxsA jktcanh tc vaxszth cksyrs Fks rc cafn;ksa dks ;g LiV :i esa le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd os D;k cksy
jgs gSa vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh vaxszth esa tSl&s dks&rSls mkj lqurs gq, Hkh ckjh iwoZor~ vdM+dj [kM+s jgrs] ml vdM+ ls cafn;ksa dks bl rF;
dk irk ugha pyrk Fkk fd mudh fdruh Fkw&Fkw gks jgh gSA ijarq vc fganh esa Vdk lk eqagrksM+] [kjs&[kjs mkjksa dh >M+h yxus yxhA
ns[krs&ns[krs izk;% lHkh jktcanh fganh >kM+us yxsA fkV Hkkkk ds fy, fkV Hkkkk] Vdlkyh cksyh ijarq xkyh&xykSt ds fy, vly nl
uacjh xkfy;kaA kq} fganh esa ;g lc lqurs&lqurs ckjh dks bl rjg gM+cM+kgV gksus yxh fd ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] bu dqkksa ls NqM+ kA*
,d fnu ckjh us vius fuR; ds eqagQV LoHkko ds vuqlkj ,sls gh ,d
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
208
jktcanh ls fganh esa dgk] ^^rqe fganqLFkkuh yksx gekjs xqyke gksA** ;g le>dj fd vU; cafn;ksa dks ;g Kkr gqvk gksxk fd og
jktcafn;ksa dks fdl rjg [khjk&ddM+h le>rk gS] lkgc Bgkds yxk gh jgs Fks fd mUgsa fganh esa gh mkj feyk] ^^gka] ge fganqLFkkuh yksx
vaxzstks ds xqyke gSa] ijarq vkids ughaA vjs] vki yksx rks Lo;a gh vaxzstksa dh ckafn;kas ds fiYys gSaA gka] vk;jySaM baXySaM dh ckanh tks
BgjhA mlh ds fiYys gSa vkiA ge vaxsztksa ds xqyke gh lgh] ijarq ml xqykeh] ml nklrk dk foukk djus dk chM+k mBkdj ge tku
gFksyh ij fy;s yM+ jgs gSaA ijarq vki mlh ds ?kj dks viuk ?kj le>rs gSa tks vkids lkeus nks VqdM+s Qasdrk gSA ml dqks leku] tks
vius Lokeh ds vkpj.k dk vuqdj.k djuk pkgrk gSA ml lkezkT; dks] ftlus vk;jySaM dks xqyke cuk;k gS& viuk lkezkT; ekudj
nsk&nsk esa mu ij HkkSad jgs gSa tks ml lkezkT; dks ] ftlus vk;jySaM dks xqyke cuk;k gS&viuk lkezkT; ekudj nsk&nsk esa mu ij
HkkSad jgs gSa tks ml lkezkT; dks vLohdkj djrs gSaA** bl izdkj dk fganhHkkkh mkj lqudj lHkh canh [kh&[kh djus yxsA ckjh lkgc
ks/k ls yky gks x;sA ijarq djrs D;k! mUgkasus gh rks ;g jktuhfrd fok; dqjsnk FkkA vr% fpYyk,] ^^fganh esa ugha] vaxszth esa cksyks]
vaxszth esa!** ijarq og jktcanh vaxszth cksyus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fkk] ^^th ugha ! vki gh us rks dgk Fkk u] fganh esa cksyk djksA vc ge
dHkh Hkh vaxzsth esa ugha cksysaxsA fganh esa gh cksysaxs geA** bl rjg tksj&tksj ls cksyrs gq, mlus vk;jySaM ds fok; esa mi;qZDr lHkh
okD;ksa dk mPpkj.k fganh esa gh fd;kA ml fnu ds ckn mlus fdlh ls Hkh ugha dgk fd ^fganh esa cksyks*A mlus dku idM+dj LiV
bPNk trkbZ fd jktcanh iwoZor~ mlls vaxszth esa gh ckr fd;k djsaA
dkjkx`g dk vuqkklu rFkk ljdkjh ncnck vusd NksVs&eksVs izlaxksa vkSj fcxM+s gq, jktcafn;ks a ds vkanksyu ls MkaokaMksy gks x;kA ,d casr
cjlkuk NksM+dj izk;% ksk lHkh naM nks&nks ckj nsdj vf/kdkjh Fkd x,] ijarq dksbZ Hkh dke dks gkFk ugha yxkrk FkkA dksM+s cjlkus dh
/kefd;ka jkst nh gh tkrh Fkh] ijarq fdlh ds dkuksa ij twa ugha jsaxrhA var esa phQ dfeuj us ckjh vkSj lqifjaVsaMaVs }kjk ;g ckrphr
pykbZ fd ge vkidks gyds dke ij yxk,axs] dke udkjus ds vkSj mlesa lekfoV gksus ds vijk/k dks nqyZf{kr djrs gq, vkidks rqjr
a
ckgj NksM+k tk,xk vkSj ;g fufpr djus ds fy, fd vki yksx jktcanh gSa ;k ugha] ij fganqLFkku ljdkj dks fy[kasxsA mlds vuqlkj
,d ckj dke izkjaHk djrs gh ckgj Hkh Hkstk tk,xkA gydk dke feyus dk lekpkj vkrs gh dbZ yksxksa dh jk; cuh fd de&ls&de
bruk rks izkIr djsaA eq>s dqN Hkh djds] tSls&tSls izpkjkFkZ vkSj eqfDr dh n`fV ls Hkh jktcaf n;ksa dks ckgj fudkyuk vR;ar bV gksus ds
dkj.k eSa ;gh dgus yxk fd gM+rky lekIr djds dke djsaA ;fn vuqca/k ds vuqlkj lHkh dks ckgj ugha Hkstk x;k] rks iqu%
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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gM+rky djsaA FkksMs+ gh fnuksa esa esjs ca/kq ds lkFk lHkh dke djus yxsA
vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh vuqca/k ds vuqlkj vusd jktcafn;ksa dks iqUk% ckgj HkstkA dqy feykdj dke Hkh igys ls vf/kd gydk& ukfj;y ij
igjk nsuk] >kM+w&cqgkjuk vkfnA oLrqr% lHkh dks blh rjg ckgj Hkstk tkrk rks ;g gM+rky ogha ij lekIr gks tkrh] ijarq yksxksa ds
dke djuk vkjaHk djrs gh vf/kdkfj;ksa us gM+rky esa usrk ds :i esa] tks muds vf/kd dksiHkktu cus Fks] mUgsa ckgj Hkstus ls lkQ
bUdkj dj fn;kA esjs ca/kq] Jh okeujko tkskh] gksrhyky] Jh ukuh xksiky rFkk vkSj nks&rhu yksxksa dks ckgj ugha fudkyk x;kA esjk rks
uke gh er yhft,A gM+rky esa eSaus dke ugha NksM+k Fkk] rFkkfi gM+rky dk Bhdjk eq[;r% esjs flj ij gh QksMk+ x;kA ;g mfpr gh
gqvk fd mu jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ckgj Hkstk x;k ftUgksaus gM+rky esa izR;{k Hkkx fy;k Fkk] ftu ij eq>ls vf/kd ckj dkjkxkjh; vfHk;ksx
pyk, x,] tks ,d ckj ckgj Hkstus ij HKh m/kj dke u djrs gq, iqu% okil ykSV vk,( D;kasfd fu:ik; gksdj mUgsa gM+rky esa Hkkx
ysuk iM+kA ijarq tc eSaus iwNk fd tks mfpr ckr muds fy, dh xbZ] ogh esjs laca/k esa D;ksa ugha dh tkrh] rks vf/kdkjh dqN Hkh mkj
ugha ns ldsA phQ dfeuj us fy[kk Fkk&^vkidk fganqLFkku fLFkr iwosZfrgkl gesa vkidks ckgj Hkstus ls jksdrk gSA* mldk mkj Hkh eSaus
fn;k Fkk&êsjs leku tks ckgj x, gSa] os Hkh mlh /kkjk ds varxZr] mlh rjg ds vkanksyu esa lfEefyr gksus ds dkj.k vktUe dkjkokl
dk naM izkIr djds vk, Fks] fQj iwoZsfrgkl muds ekxZ esa jksM+k D;ksa ugha curk\ Hkyk esjs gh ekxZ esa vM+pu D;ksa Mkyrk gS\ bruk gh
ugha] ijarq vanekuh; mifuosk dh uhfr gh ,slh Fkh fd iwoZsfrgkl dk dPpk fpV~Bk] lkr TkUeksa dh fVIif.k;ka us [kksyrs gq, canh dk
vkpj.k eq[;r% bl ckr ls fufpr fd;k tk, fd og mifuosk esa dSlk O;ogkj djrk gSA bruk gh ugha] m/kj Hkh tks nks&rhu ckj
dkjkx`g rksM+dj Hkkxs Fks] mUgsa Hkh ,d&nks okhZ; dkjkca/kh; naM fn;k tkrk vkSj mls Hkqxrus ds ckn iqu% ckgj Hkstk tkrkA esjs bl mkj
dk fyf[kr mkj vk x;k fd ^fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vknsk gS fd vkidsk ckgj ugha NksMk+ tk,A* vPNk] eq>s fdrus okksZa rd ckgj u
NksM+us dk vknsk gS] iwNus ij Hkh fufpr :i esa eq>s lwfpr ugha djrs FksA vr% geus fup; fd;k fd fganqLFkku ljdkj dks gh
vkosnu&i= Hkstk tk,A
ijarq os fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= ugha Hkstus nsrs FksA Bl rjg ge ?kqVu dk fkdkj cu x,A esjs ca/kq rks eq>ls iwoZ gh vk,
gq, FksA ijarq mUgsa Hkh ckgj ugha fudkyk tkrkA ,d ckj ,d i;Zos{kd us eq>ls rdZ djrs gq, dgk] ^^;g lR; gS fd vkids izukas dk
mkj ugha gS A ijarq vki gM+rky dks izksRlkfgr djrs gSaA** eSaus dgk] ^îjarq gM+rky esa tks izR;{k lfEefyr gksrs gSa os ckgj fudys gSa
vkSj ;g rks
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mfpr gh gSA rks fQj rqeus gM+rky dh] ;g Bhd fd;k] ,slk dgusokys dk vijk/k izR;{k gM+rky djusokyksa ls vf/kd gS] D;k ;g dgk
tk,\ D;k ;g naM foKku ds loZ/kk foijhr ugha gS\ vkSj nsf[k,] eSaus gM+rky dks vkt rd izksRlkfgr D;ksa ugha fd;k\ vFkok fd;k gks
rks esjs fe= mls D;ksa ugha ekurs Fks\ gM+rky vkt gh D;ksa gqbZ\ banq dks Hkh Qkalh yxkus ds fy, D;k eSaus gh izksRlkfgr fd;k Fkk\
mYykldj dks ikxy cuus ds fy, eSaus fl[kk;k D;k\ jktcafn;ksa dks tks [kku&iku] dVizn dke] ekufld fpark,a] Hkkoh fujkkk rFkk
ix&ix ij vieku dh rhoz ;kruk,a lguh iM+ha vkSj vHkh Hkh iM+ jgh gSa] mu dkjkxkjh; i}fr;ksa dh ;kruk,a gh gM+rky dks
izksRlkfgr djrh gSa] u fd eSaA jktcafn;ksa dh rjg vki mUgsa lqfo/kk,a nhft,] de&ls&de pksj&Mkdqvksa dh rjg mUgsa ys[ku vkfn dkeksa
ij fu;qDr dhft,] fQj dkSu vkSj D;ksa gM+rky djsxk\ igys ls gh bl dVnk;h dkjkokl esa gM+rky ds lkFk vYiHkkstu ij vFkok
ek= dkath ij dksBjh esa rM+irs jgdj dVrj nqnZkk esa jgus dk kkSd rks ugha gksrkA eSaus vHkh rd dke dk ifjR;kx ugha fd;k gSA
fQj gM+rky dk lkjk nksk vki gekjs gh eRFks D;ksa e<+rs gS\** ckj&ckj esjs vdkV~; rdZ dh ;FkkFkZrk dks ogka ds LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh
vkSj izlaxok ckjh Hkh LiVr;k Lohdkj djrs FksA os cl bruk gh dgrs] ^^;g gekjs cl esa ugha gSA fganqLFkku ljdkj ds gkFk esa gS]
mlh dh vkKk ls vkidks dkjkx`g esa j[kuk vfuok;Z gSA**
ukuh xksiky
esjs dkaM dh bl rjg p[kp[k py gh jgh Fkh fd ,d vkSj dkaM gn ls T;knk c<+ jgk FkkA vaneku esa dqN jktcanh ,sls Fks tks cM+s
gh lkgl ls lkjh ;krukvksa] dVksa dks lg jgs FksA muesa caxky dk ,d lksyg&l=g okhZ; laHkzkra czk.k ifjokj dk ,d uo;qod ukuh
xksiky Hkh FkkA caxky esa ,d cM+s ;wjksih; ifyl vf/kdkjh dh pyrh dkj ij ce Qasdus ds vijk/k esa mls pkSng okksaZ dk naM feyk
FkkA dkjkx`g esa lksyg okhZ; dksey yM+ds dks dksYgw dk dBksj dke ugha fn;k tkrk] rFkkfi bls dksYgw esa tksrk x;kA mlls lacaf/kr
cgl fNM+us ij mlus dke dks udkjkA og mu pkj&ikap cafn;ksa esa ls ,d Fkk ftUgsa fiNyh gM+rky esa lokZf/kd ;a=.kk,a lguh iM+hA
ijarq og cM+k thfor jgus dh rhoz bPNkokyk rFkk n`<f+ up;h ;qod FkkA >qdus ds f, og fdlh Hkh gkyr esa rS;kj ugha FkkA og
gFkdM+h esa izk;% [kM+k gh jgrkA T;kssa&T;ksa mls vf/kdkf/kd naM fn;k tkrk R;ksa&R;ksa mldk {kksHk vf/kdkf/kd c<+us yxkA dke NksM+ nsus ds
dkj.k mls naM feykA mlus diM+s /kksuk Hkh can fd;kA blfy, mls naMLo:i eksVs VkV ds cksjs dks QkM+dj cuk,
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gq, [kqjnqjs diMs+ fn, x,] rks mlus diM+s iguuk gh NksM+ fn;kA VkV ds mu oL=ksa dks nks&pkj yksxksa us mls fxjkdj cyiwoZd iguk;k
vkSj yxHkx flykbZ ls mUgsa iDdk fd;k rks mlus jkr esa mUgsa QkM+ MkykA vr% jkr esa Hkh mls gFkdfM+;ksa esa j[kdj rkyk Bksad fn;k
x;k( ysfdu mlus jkr Hkj xqipqi egRiz;kl ls gFkdfM+;ka rksM+ MkyhA ^D;ksa rksM+ Mkyh\* ;g izu djrs gq, ml ij xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj
dh xbZ rks egkk; us mkj nsuk gh NksM+ fn;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa ds izuksa ds mkj u nsus dh mn~naMrk ds fy, mls naM fn;k rks vf/kdkjh ds
vkrs gh mlus [kM+k jguk gh NksM+ fn;kA blds naMLo:i mldh dksBjhcan c<+kbZ xbZ rks fdlh Hkh dk;Zok dksBjh ls ckgj fudyuk gh
mlus can dj fn;kA Luku djus ds fy, Hkh og ckgj ugha vkrkA rc mls cyiwoZd mBkdj uXukOkLFkk esa gh gkSt esa fxjkdj Hkafx;ksa ls
mls Luku djk;k tkrk vkSj ukfj;y ds fNyds ds VqdM+s ls mldk kjhj bruk f?klk tkrk fd mldh ihB jDrjaftr gks tkrh vkSj
Hk;adj tyu gksus yxrhA ijarq og MVk jgkA nqV iBku ,dkar esa mls chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrkA fnu esa og uXu jgrk] vr% jkr esa Hkh
mldk ,d dacy Nhu fy;k x;k rks mlus nwljk dacy Hkh Qsad fn;kA oSlk gh uax&/kM+x og fnu&jkr lnhZ esa fBBqjrk gqvk uaxh Hkwfe
ij eghuksa iM+k jgkA mldh izeq[k ekax ;g Fkh fd ge yksxksa dh jktcafn;ksa esa x.kuk dh tk,A
og dgrk&;g izu xkS.k gS fd vUu vPNk gS ;k cqjkA egoiw.kZ izu gS lEeku dkA ;g fl} gksuk pkfg, fd ge jktcanh gSa] dksbZ
pksj&mpDds&Mkdw ughaA phQ dfeuj us mls lwfpr fd;k fd rqEgkjh ekax dHkh Lohdkjh ugha tk ldrhA ijarq og vius gh gB Ikj
vM+k jgkA vkf[kj dfeuj us Lo;a vkdj dgk] ^^rqe lksprs gksxs ds bl rjg rqEgsa ;krukvksa esa ns[kdj gekjk n; ilhtsxk ;k ge
Hk;Hkhr gksaxs] ijarq ,slk dqN ugha gksxkA rqe bl rjg ej Hkh x, rks gesa blls D;k\** ijarq fpark u lgh] ij vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tks
vieku og l=g okZ dk ckyd fujarj dj jgk Fkk og mUgsa cspSu fd, gq, FkkA ckjh ds vuqlkj ,d ckj bu jktcafn;ksa esa ls
nks&rhu tuksa dh peM+h m/ksM+ nh rks bl ckcw yksxksa ds gksk rqjar fBdkus vk tka,xsA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk mls ;gh vuqHko FkkA blls
foijhr i{k esa geesa ls nks&rhu ;qod] tks v[kckjksa ds laiknd Fks&dgrs fd ekysZ dh vkKk mUgksaus Lo;a i<+h gS fd jktcafn;ksa ij csar
ugha cjlkus pkfg,A bl okkkZ ls izk;% gekjh ;g /kkj.kk cu xbZ Fkh fd peM+h m/ksM+us dh dsoy /kedh gh nh tk jgh gS] rFkkfi
gM+rky esa eSa geskk dgrk Fkk fd vkKk Hkys gh ,slh gks ijarq mlesa ifjorZu ykuk Hkh muds gkFk esa gS] vr% gesa ;g eku djds gh fd
le; ij casr Hkh cjlsaxs] gM+rky esa lfEefyr gksuk pkfg,A chl okhZ; ;%dfpr~ Mkdw vkSj pksj rhl&rhl csar cjlus rd pwa rd
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ugha djrs] bldk dkj.k ckY;koLFkk ls gh vH;Lr gksdj mudk <hB cu tkrk gSA ge Hkh fup; djus ij <hB cu ldrs gSaA dksM+s
cjlk, x, rks vo; [kk,axsA bl izdkj n`<+ fup; djus ds ckn phQ dfeuj dh bl psrkouh ls Hkh fd casr [kkus iM+saxs] ukuh
xksiky Vl&ls&el ugha gqvkA dksYgw rks nwj] dksbZ Hkh dke djus ls mlus lkQ bUdkj dj fn;kA var esa rax vkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk
:>ku ckjh dh ;qfDr dh vksj gksus yxk vkSj var esa mUgksaus ukuh xksiky ij casr cjlkus dk fup; fd;kA
;g lekpkj ckjh us xqIr :i ls eq>s fn;kA eSaus dgk] ^^;|fi O;fDrxr :i ls ,dkar esa vkius ;g lekpkj eq>s fn;kA eSaus dgk]
^^;|fi vf/kdkjh gksus ds ukrs gh vki ;g crk jgs gSa vkSj eq>s bl ckr dk vglkl gS fd esjs mn~xkj vki ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa rd
igqapkuk pkgrs gSaA vr% eSa vkidks LiV :i esa dg nsuk viuk drZO; le>rk gwa fd ;fn vkius bl ;qod ds lkFk ekjihV dh rks
jktcanh brus cgd tk,axs fd vkt rd Hkh ugha cgds gksaxsA bu yksxksa dk iwoZdkyhu lkgl rFkk Hk;adj d`R;ksa dk Lej.k j[ksa] vki
leFkZ gSa] budh kfDr rks vkids lkeus iklax Hkh ugha gSA ijarq ml kfDr dh lgk;rk ls tks dqN Hkh gksxk] mls djus esa os dHkh ugha
pwdsaxAs vHkh rks dsoy lk/kkj.k izfrokn vkSj izfrdkj gh dj jgs gSa] ijarq ;fn vlk/kkj.k naM fn, x, vkSj ygw cgk rks ygw cgkus esa
Hkh os vkxk&ihNk ugha ns[ksaxAs **
eSa ;g ugha dgrk fd D;k gksuk pkfg,] eSa rks ;g dg jgk gwa fd D;k gksuk laHko gSA ckjh us fLer fd;kA os pys rks x,] ij
eu&gh&eu pkSads fcuk ugha jgsA m/kj csarksa ds fy, frikgh [kM+h dh xbZA dqN naxk&Qlkn [kM+k u gks blfy, geas dksBfj;ksa essa can fd;k
x;kA vc ge lkjs pkSadrs gq, dku yxkdj bl rkd esa cSB x, fd vc csar lVdkrs gh [kwu ds mM+rs Qookjs ds lkFk&lkFk dgha ukuh
xksiky dh ph[k rks dkuksa ls ugha Vdjk,xhA brus esa ,d OkkWMZj lkgl djds brus dM+s izca/k esa Hkh esjs ikl vk;k vkSj ;g dgrk gqvk
fd ukuh xksiky dks dkjkx`g ls ckgj Hkstk x;k gS&f[kld x;kA
FkksMh+ nsj esa ,d vksojlh;j tku&cq>dj esjs ikl vk x;k vkSj gkL; dh eqnzk esa dgus yxk] ^^D;ksa] ukuh dh a a aQVdkj nks gks xbZ
gSA** mldh bl HkksaMh+ vyhy Hkkkk dh vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, eSaus eqLdqjkdj dgk] ^ûkuh dk dqN Hkh nks ugha gqvkA gks ldrk gS vkSj
fdlh dk gqvk gksA ukuh ij csar u cjlk dj mls tsy ls ckgj Hkstk x;k gSA ;g u;k lekpkj eSa rqEgsa lqukrk gwaA** og gDdk&cDdk
jg x;kA ykSVk] eq> ij rSukr isVh vQlj ij >Yykrs gq, fd ;g lekpkj bruk kh/kz dSls Qsy x;k\ rqe D;k ns[krs gks\ fdlus
crk;k\ bls idM+dj ys vkvks&bl rjg cM+cM+krk gqvk pyk x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
213
og lekpkj lp Fkk] D;ksafd naM dk vknsk nsus ds ckn Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa ls mldk mkjnkf;o fy;k ugha x;kA phQ dfeuj dks nwjHkkk
ls lwfpr fd;k rks og Hkh ldidk;kA var esa casr cjlkus dk naM jn~n djds ukuh dks ml dkjkx`g ls fudkydj ckgj ,d ftys ds
iqjkus dkjkxkj esa dqN fnu j[kk tk,& bl rjg nwjHkkk }kjk mUgsa vknsk nsus dh lncq f} vk xbZA bl rjg ;g ladV Vy x;kA ijarq
gesa izlUurk gqbZ fd ukuh xksiky dks casr ugha ekjs x,A
rFkkfi mldk th [kV~Vk gks x;kA csar [kkdj Hkh viuh thoV o`fk dk iznkZu djus dh mlesa tks ,d rjg dh lqjlqjh Fkh] mldk ukk
gh mrj x;kA mlds lkgl] /kS;Z dh okgokgh fd, fcuk k=q ls Hkh jgk ugha x;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa dk ;g vuqeku Fkk fd mls gels nwj
djus vkSj gekjs izksRlkgu dh d{kk ls ckgj fudkyus ls og uje gks tk,xk] ijarq kh/kz gh mUgsa Kkr gks x;k fd izksRlkgu dh ;g ckr
fdruh xyr Fkh] D;kasfd gels nwj tkrs gh mlus ml ckgjh canhokl esa vUu R;kx fn;kA
tc rd og Hkhrj Fkk rc rd vUu R;kx djus ls ge mls lrr jksdrs jgs FksA mlds vUu R;kx ds Ikpkr~ rhu&pkj fnu fdlh us
ml ij xkSj ugha fd;kA mlus fdlh ls ;g ckr ugha dghA vUu&ty ds fcuk og ,sls gh ysVk jgkA ;g u;k dkaM ns[kdj vf/kdkfj;ksa
us iqu% mls mBkdj gekjs lsY;qyj dkjx`g esa can fd;k] fQj Hkh mlus vUu xzg.k ugha fd;kA vkxs pydj ikap&Ng fnuksa ds Ikpkr~
mls fu;ekuqlkj cyiwoZd ukd esa ufydk Bwaldj fiyk;k tkus yxkA
Hkhrj ukuh xksiky dh ;g fLFkfr Fkh vkSj ckgj ,d u;k dkaM mifLFkr gks x;kA ckgj fudys gq, jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% ,d nwljs ls
feyus ds fy, xqipqi bl ftys ls ml ftys esa pys tkrs& yk[k fu;e mYy?kau djrs gq, HkhA bl ij xkSj djuk pkfg, fd vU; canh
Hkh blh rjg pksjh&fNis HkVdrs jgrs FksA ijarq jktcanh dksbZ Hkh ckr djrs rks og vf/kdkfj;ksa dks rqjar pkSadk nsrhA mu yksxksa us]
ftUgksaus Lonsk dk lekpkj ykuk rFkk vU; cafn;ksa esa Lonskh ozr dk izlkj djds nskHkfDr mRiUu djuk viuk dkjkoklh; dRkZO; ekuk
Fkk] lIrkg Hkj esa os tks dqN pksjh&fNis lekpkj izkIr djrs] mUgsa ,d dkxt ij mrkjdj mlds lkFk ,dk/k nskHkfDr ij dfork
fy[kdj ml dkxt dh ikaMfq yfi dh nl&chl izfr;ka ftys esa ckaVrsA vkxs pydj mlesa ,d laikndh; ys[k Hkh fy[kk tkus yxkA
vFkkZr~ og dkxt lekpkj&i= dk fiYyk kksHkk;eku gksus yxkA cafn;ksa esa ls dqN ds vkxs c<+rs&c<+rs ogka ds dqN ^Lora=* yksxksa ls Hkh
ifjp; gqvk vkSj jktcafn;ksa dk ôut* c<+us yxkA ;s ^Lora=* vFkkZr~ HkwriwoZ cafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds Ikpkr~ ogha ij cls gq, ifjokjksa dh
larfr FkhA jktcafn;ksa ds bl vkanksyu dh okkkZ vfrk;ksfDr }kjk xqCckjk curs&curs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
214
,d kM~;a= dk :i /kkj.k dj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dkuksa rd igqap xbZA blh le; vaneku fLFkr jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr] banqHkwk.k dh Qkalh]
mYykldj ds ikxyiu ls lacaf/kr xqIr :i ls Hksts x, dqN i= fganqLFkku igaqp x, vkSj og ;krukvksa dh yksegkZd dgkuh fgnaqLFkkuh
lekpkj&i=ksa ds Nirs 47 gh vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ep xbZA fganqLFkkuh ds o`ki=ksa dk ,dk/k ys[k b/kj pkgs fdruk Hkh
?kfV;k D;ksa u izrhr gks] ijarq vaneku esa ml ;ksx ls ge yksxksa dk ,d fnu rks lq[kiwoZd O;rhr gksrkA dkSafly esa vaneku ds jktcafn;ksa
ls lacaf/kr iwNk x;k ,dk/k izu] fQj b/kj mls pkgs fdruk gh frjLdkjiw.kZ mkj D;ksa u feys] gesa de&ls&de eghuk Hkj thou
fdafpr lql :i ls O;rhr djus dh kfDr iznku djrkA D;ksafd ge fdlh Hkh rjg dqpys x, rks Hkh gels iwNrk dkSu gS&bl Hkkouk
ls tks ,d rhoz fujkkk eu dks HkXuksRlkfgr djrh] og {k.k ek= esa nwj gksrhA yskek= og rqfV izkIr gksrh fd tks ;kruk,a ge Hkqxr
jgs gSa] os loZFkk fu:Ik;qDr u jgdj muds izdkku ls m/kj ml egku~ vfXu esa rsy dh ,d cwan D;ksa u gks] maMsy ldrh gS&;gh
fopkj eu dks iqu%lkDr ,oa lgukhy cukrkA nwljs i{k esa vkt ugha rks dy bldh Nkuchu gq, fcuk ugha jgsxh fd jktcafn;ksa ds
lkFk dSlk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha] ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa bl izdkj dk Hk; Hkh mRiUu gksxk fd izlaxok mUgsa
blls lacaf/kr mkj Hkh nsuk iM+sxk&os cgqr gh foosdkhy vkpj.k djus yxs vkSj izR;sd dke fganqLFkku ljdkj dh vuqefr ysdj gh
djrsA bl ifj.kke dk vkSj bl Hk; dk izFke vuqHko ugha gksrkA izFke rks blds foijhr gesa vf/kd dBksj eqlhcrksa ls lkeuk djuk
iM+rkA ijarq var esa mlh ;ksx ls mUgsa jktcafn;ksa dh ckr ij fopkj djuk vfuok;Z gksrkA
bl le; Hkh ogha gqvkA fganqLFkku ds o`ki=ksa eas fdlus ;g lekpkj Hkstk dkSu fyf[kr lkfgR; ys x;k vkfn ckrksa dk lqjkx u feyus
ls vf/kdkjh vkx&ccwyk gks x,A dqN fnu ;wa gh chr x,A eq>s ckgj Hkstus ds fok; esa esjs vkosnu&i= dh lquokbZ gqbZ vkSj eq>s
mlls ikap&Ng fnu iwoZ gh mkj fey pqdk Fkk fd vkidks lkseokj ds fnu ckgj Hkstk tk,xkA
eSa nax jg x;kA lkspk] esjs tkus ls ca/kq Hkh vo; ckgj tk,axsA ml bekjr dh nhokjksa ij fNi&fNidj tks dfork,a Vkadh Fkh] mUgsa
tYnh&tYnh daBLFk djds lkseokj dh izrh{kk djus yxkA ijarq eq>s jkh Hkj fookl ugha gks jgk Fkk fd os eq>s ckgj HkstasxsA lkse okj
vk x;kA vU; dbZ cafn;ksa dks ckgj Hkstk x;k] ijarq eSA T;ksa&dk&R;ksa viuh dksBjh esa gh canA rhljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd vk x;kA eSaus iwNk]
;g D;k\
47
ejkBk*] iq.ks 28 tqykbZ] 1912] gsjkYM vkWQ fjokWYV] yanu] vDVwcj] 1912
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
215
og rfud opu dk lPpk FkkA mlh us eq>s lkseokj dk fnu crk;k Fkk] vr% og dqN f[kfl;k lk x;kA mlus dgk]^^phQ dfeuj
jaxwu x, gSaA vkrs gh irk pysxkA** rHkh esjk ekFkk BudkA vkf[kj dfeuj jaxwu ls ysfVusaV xouZj ls HksaV djds vk x;kA irk ugh
ogka D;k f[kpM+h idh] ijarq eq>s ckgj Hkstus ds LFkku ij ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; mu lkjs jktcafn;ksa dh ] tks ckgj x, Fks] iwj s
vaneku esa vpkud idM+&/kdM+ vkjaHk gks xbZA fdlh dks gFkdfM+;ka Mkyh xbZ] fdlh dks oSls gh idM+kA fdlh dh dksBjh dh rykkh yh
xbZA ckr&gh&ckr eas jktcafn;ksa dh bl vkifk dk igkM+ vU; yksxksa ij Hkh VwV iM+kA dqN Lora= ?kjksa dh] dqN teknkjksa dh] dqN raMsyksa
dh] tgka ns[kks ogka rykkh] Nkuchu] idM+&/kdM+A xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk mxz gks&gYykA lHkh ds NDds NwV x,] lHkh ldrs esa vk x,]
D;ksafd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fooLr lekpkj feyk Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa us ce&xksys cukdj vaneku ls fudyus dk ,d egkkM~;a= jpk gSA
ijarq bruh rykfk;ksa esa ls&bruk igkM+ [kksnus ls&,d pwgk rd ugha fudyk] ,dk/k ce&xksyk rks D;k] lk/kkj.k lk ykSafx;k iVk[kk Hkh
cjken ugha gks ldkA ;g fooLr lekpkj nsus okyk yky eksgu caxkyh vkxs pydj vkSj blh rjg ds ,d dkaM esa fEkF;k lekpkj nsus
ds vijk/kok vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cu x;k FkkA blls Kkr gksrk gh gS fd mlds lekpkj esa fdruk rF; FkkA vkp;Ztud ckr
;g Fkh fd blh okWMZj }kjk igys gksrhyky dk i= bV LFkku ij vius gkFkksa ls igqapkus dk vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lansg gks pqdk FkkA gks
ldrk gS] blh lansgok vf/kdkfj;ksa dh HkM+dh gqbZ ks/kkfXu ds keukFkZ okWMZj egkk; us jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} bl rjg pqxyh [kkbZ
gksxhA dqN Hkh gks] ijarq jktcafn;ksa ij tSls vkleku VwV iM+kA dksbZ dgrk] fdlh ukys es ce cjken gks x;kA dksbZ dgrk] veqd
jktcanh ds tgkt eaxokus ds fy, Hksts x, i= idM+s x,A fdlh dh le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk] D;k gksxk\ bl naxs dk ykHk mBkdj
jktcafn;ksa dks idM+dj dkjkxkj esa Bwalk x;kA blhfy, rks phQ dfeuj jaxwu x;k FkkA ckjh ds ego dh lhek gh ugha jghA mldks
rks tSls ij yx x,A og dfeujj ls Hkh dgrk] vki lksprs gSa] eSa [kyiq:k gwaA ijarq ;s egkHk;adj yksx gSa] vki Hkh buls fkVrkiw.kZ
O;ogkj ugha djk ldsA bUgsa rks mBrs&cSBrs ykr&?kwals pkfg,A
ge jktcanh] ftUgssa igys gh ce Hkksys egknso ds izlkn ls vkthou dkjkokl dk naM izkIr gks pqdk Fkk] fnu&jkr iqu% bl fpark esa Mwc
x, fd iqu% mlh ce egknso dh nwljh dìk dkSu lk izlkn nsxhA bl fpark esa gekjs ckgj fudyus dk izu ,d ckj tks Mwck rks iqu%
dHkh ij vk gh ugha ldkA ce&xksys vkSj vaneku dks mM+kdj Hkkx fudyus ds kM~;a= dk lekpkj lquus ij vFkok lquus dk ukVd
djus ds Ikpkr~ vf/kdkjh mUek gks x,A os mn~naMkrkiw.kZ dgus yxs] vc ckgj tkus dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
216
uke Hkh er ysukA fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vafre vknsk vk x;k gSA vc naM lekIr gksus ij vFkok ejus ds Ikpkr~ gh bl dkjkxkj ls
ckgj fudyksxsA
vok] vlkg; jktcanh] tks vkthou dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxr jgs Fks] ftUgsa ,d&,d djds dksBfj;ksa esa can fd;k x;k Fkk] mUgksaus bl
ckr dk vkdyu Hkh ugha fd;k Fkk fd bl u, Hk;kud vkjksi dk fufpr Lo:i D;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa rFkk ekufld fpark ls O;xz
bl izdkj ds mkj lqudj jktcafn;ksa dh dSlh xr curh gksxh] Hkyk bldk o.kZu dSls djsa\ bl rjg vlaxfBr rFkk fdadrZO;foew<+
voLFkk esa dqN fnu xqtjsA
cl FkksM+s gh fnu! D;ksafd ,d&nks lIrkg esa gh vkxkeh dk;Ze dh lk/kkj.k :ijs[kk fufpr dh xbZA izFker% ;g fup; gqvk fd ;wa
gh Uk ?kcjkrs gq, nks&rhu yksx bl rjg vkosnu&i= Hkstsa fd ;g fufpr :i esa lwfpr fd;k tk, fd vfHk;ksx ;k vkjksi D;k gSA
kM~;a=] jkT; kafr] jktnzksg] ce cukuk] Hkkxus dh ;kstuk&tks Hkh vijk/k vki le>rs gSa] mls izdV :i esa vkjksfir djds ge ij
vfHk;ksx yxkb,A tks ckgj ls vk x,] muesa ls ftUgksaus bl rjg mkj fn;k] mUgsa dkQh gka&uk djrs gq, var esa mkj fn;k x;k]
^gekjs ikl bruk izek.k ugha gS fd vki ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk,A ijarq gk] izek.k u gksus ij Hkh vki ;fn dgsa] gesa ckgj NksMk+ s rks
bldk uke drbZ u ysa* bl izdkj /kedk;k Hkh tkrkA vaneku esa tgka cafn;ksa ij pyk, x, vfHk;ksx esa odhy Hkh ugha feyrs&u iap]
u T;wjh gh&,slh vnkyr esa ckjh tSls drZÒ;kkyh yksxksa ds ekStwn jgrs] tks izek.k ugha fey ldk rks ;g dgus dh vko;drk gh ugha
fd og vkjksi fdruk dkYifud rFkk vfrjaftr gksxkA ijarq og vkjksi Bksl u lgh rFkkfi lqfo/kktud FkkA mlds }kjk fgqanLFkku
ljdkj dks Hk;adj fp= mdsjdj Hkstuk laHko gks x;k vkSj mudh bl rjg /kkj.kk dk fd jktcafn;ksa dh bl cyk dks dkjkxkj esa gh
can j[kuk Bhd gS vkSj bl rjg eq>s dkjkx`g ls ckgj NksM+us dh vkifk Hkh lgt Vkyus dk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFk esa ,d vPNk cgkuk
vk x;kA
vUu R;kx
;k Kkr gksrs gh fd eSaus vUu R;kx fd;k] vf/kdkjh oxZ esa [kycyh ep xbZA phQ dfeuj us Ik;Zos{kd dks lansk Hkstk fd tSl&s rSl s
;g ekeyk jQk&nQk dj nksA vUu R;kx ds vijk/k esa eq>ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;kA ijarq vfHk;ksx ds le; eq>s naM u nsrs gq, eq>ls
vuqjks/k fd;k x;k fd eSa vUu xzg.k d:aA viuk mn~ns; lwfpr djrs gh eq>s ûkuh xksiky* ls feyus dh vuqefr nh xbZA ;g fufpr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
217
:i esa le>rs gh fd eSa rhu&rhu fnu rd48 vUu xzg.k ugha djrk] ukuh dks cgqr nq%[k gqvkA ckjh ckck ds lkFk eq>s mlls feyus
ds fy, Hkstk x;kA
Hkw[k gM+rky dk var
vUu R;kx] vuku djds Lo;a Hkw[kksa ejus dh Loi{kfo?kkrd ;q}&i}fr dk eSa rhoz fojks/k dj jgk FkkA blds ifj.kkeLo:i vUu R;kx
dh dYiuk dk lHkh us ifjR;kx fd;kA lHkh esa ukuh xksiky dks vUu xzg.kkFkZ euk ysuk nqdj FkkA lHkh mik; csdkj gq,A og
ej.kkoLFkk ij igqap x;kA vr% eSaus ,sls /khjksnkk iq:k dk thou efV;kesV u gks] blds fy, vafre mik; dh ;kstuk cukbZA eSaus mls
/kedh nh] ;fn rqeus vUu xzg.k ugha fd;k rks eq>s Hkh vUu R;kx djuk gksxkA ijarq nwljs gh fnu mlus esjk dguk ekudj vUu xzg.k
djus dk fup; fd;kA eSaus mls le>k;k] ^êjuk gh gS rks bl rjg f=;k gB djds O;FkZ er ejksA dqN&u&dqN a a afQj ejksA** var esa
mlus Hkh vUu xzg.k fd;k] eSaus Hkh vuku ozr rksM+k& vc nks ckj tks Hkkstu feyrk& og dke NksM+ nsus ls ljdkjh naM&Lo:i de
ek=k esa fn;k tkrk&mls [kkdj jktcanh ij ls ukfj;y dh xjh pV djus yxs] ijarq dke ugha djrsA ^Hkw[ks D;ksa ejrs gks]
Nhu&>iVdj Hkkstu djks] gV~Vs&dV~Vs cuksA gka] dke er djukA* esjs bl ea= dk lHkh us vuqdj.k fd;kA rc mu jktcafn;ksa ij] tks
lkof/k naM izkIr Fks] dke NksM+us ds vijk/k esa LkHkh dkjkx`gh; naM lekIr gksus ds dkj.k eftLVsV ds lkeus vfHk;ksx pyk, x,A fdlh
ds naM esa nks eghuksa dh o`f} dh xbZ] fdlh ds esa pkj eghus dh] ukuh xksiky dk naM ,d okZ c<+ x;kA
tSlkfd ij dgk x;k gS] fganqLFkku esa vaneku ds lekpkj Nius ds dkj.k vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ep xbZ FkhA mlesa bl kM~;a= dk
tksM+ feyus ls fganqLFkku jdkj us Hkh lkspk fd ,d ckj vaneku dh fLFkfr dk izR;{k fujh{k.k djus ds fy, fdlh dks Hkstuk vko;d
gSA vr% Lo;a x`gea=h Home member lj jsftukWYM SMkWd] tks vkxs pydj cznsk ds xouZj cus] vaneku esa i/kkjsA igys
vaneku esa dksbZ Hkh ofjB vf/kdkjh ugha vkrk Fkk vkSj ;fn bDdk&nqDdk vk Hkh tk, rks mldk vkxeu bruk xqIr j[kk tkrk Fkk fd
cafn;ksa dks ;g Kkr gksuk vlaHko gksrk fd ;g dksbZ ;k=h gS ;k vf/kdkjhA blls db;ksa dks viuh fkdk;rsa mls crkus dk volj gh
ugha feyrkA ;g ns[kdj fd dksbZ pwa rd ugha djrk] os vf/kdkjh okil ykSVrs vkSj izfrosnu Report djrs fd lc Bhd&Bkd gSA
bl ckj ,slk volj u vk tk, blfy, jktcafn;ksa dks xqIr :i ls x`gea=h ds vkxeu dk lekpkj feyrs gh mUgksaus
48
30 fnlacj] 1912 ls 2 tuojh] 1913
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
218
;g ekax j[kuk izkjaHk fd;k fd ge muls feyuk pkgrs gSa

^fdlus crk;k rqedks* bl rjg fpYykusokyksa dh xhnM+HkHkdh dh ijokg u djrs gq, ;g Hkh fup; fd;k x;k fd ;fn ofjB vf/kdkjh
vk, vkSj muls feyus ugha fn;k x;k rks viuh dksBfj;ksa ls tksj&tksj ls iqdkjk tk,] fQj Hkys gh fu;eHkax dk naM feysA vkxs
pydj blh fup; ij dbZ ckj pyuk iM+k vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks naM Hkh Hkqxruk iM+kA var esa tc lu~ 1913 esa x`gea=h lj jsftUkkWYM
SMkWd vk,] ml le; dqN pqfuank jktcafn;ksa dks muds lkeus mifLFkr fd;k x;kA fdlh dh fkdk;r dk mkj feyk] ^rqe yksxk
ljdkj ds k=q gks] rqEgsa e`R;qnaM gh mfpr FkkA* fdlh dks crk;k x;k] ^ckr er djks ckgj tkus dhA rqe jktnzksgh kM~;a= jprs gksA
izek.k ge fl} ugha dj ldrsA ijarq ge tkurs gSaA* esjk laHkkk.k49 vkjaHk eas rfud dqfVy ijarq lkSE; Lo:i dk gks x;kA lj lkgc
us dgk] ^^lkojdj] vkius vius ikaoksa ij Lo;a dqYgkM+h ekjh gSA fdruh nqxZr cukbZ gS viuh A eSaus vkidh lkjh iqLrdsa i<+h gSAA
vkidk Kku vkSj kfDr ;fn mfpr ekxZ ls O;; dh tkrh rks vkidks dksbZ Hkh JsV ljdkjh ukSdjh fey ldrh Fkh] ijarq vkidks ;g
nqxZrh gh jkl vkbZA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkidh lgkuqHkfr ds fy, /kU;okn! ;g nqxZfr Vkyuk vkids gkFk esa gSA fganqLFkku esa vc fof/keaMy
dk;ns dkSafly ds lkeus xks[kys dk vfuok;Z fk{kk dk izLrko vk;k gSA ;fn mlls lger gksdj gekjs jkV dks blh rjg dk oS/kkfud
fodkl dk iwjs eu ls volj fn;k tk, rks eSa gh D;ksa] esjs iwoZdkyhu lg;ksxh kafrdkjh fe= Hkh galrs&galrs kkafr dk ekxZ Lohdkj
djus ds fy, rRij gksaxAs esjs fopkj ls os Hkh ;gh dgrs gksaxsA**
lj SMkWd% vkidks dSls Kkr gqvk\ D;k vki tkurs gSa fd os dgka gS\
eSaS % ;g dSls laHko gS\ D;k eSa fnu&jkr vkidh dksBjh esa] vkids igjs esa can ugha gwa\ ijarq ge ,d&nwljs dh ul&ul ls ifjfpr gS]
mlh ds vk/kkj ij esjk vuqeku gSA kkafr&ekxZ ls fodkl laHko gksrs gh kafrdkjh ekxZ Lohdkjuk eSA v/keZ le>rk gwaA os Hkh ;gh
lksprs Fks] lksprs Hkh gksaxsA
lj % fcYdqy ughaA vki xyr lksp jgs gSaA os vHkh rd ogh j.k&xtZuk dj jgs gSa vkSj vkidk uke ys jgs gSaA fganqLFkku esa gksa vFkok
vesfjdk esa] vkids yksx vkt Hkh mlh vkijkf/kd vkanksyu esa O;Lr gSaA
eSa % ;g lekpkj vki ns jgs gSa] blhfy, eq>s Kkr gks jgk gSA esjk uke dksbZ ys jgk gS ;k ugha] bls Hkyk eSa dSls jksd ldrk gwa \ os
eq>s viuk usrk eku jgs gSa] blhfy, D;k vki ,slh dYiuk Hkh dj ldrs gSa fd eSa ;gka jgrs muls laca/ k j[k
49
16 uoacj] 1913 ds fnu ;g HksaV gqbZ FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
219
ldrk gwa\ ikBd bl ckr ij /;ku nsa fd ml le; lu~ 1912&13 esa vesfjdk esa ^xnj* uked ,d kafr i= vkSj vU; vkanksyu
dk lapkyu ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds ykyk gjn;kyth vkfn dj jgs Fks] tks ;wjksi ls vesfjdk pys x, FksA
lj % Hkkk.k dks vkSj FkksM+k [khapdj chp esa gh fQj FkksM+h nsj igys tks vkids dgk] ml izdkj dk vfHkizk; ;fn vki mUgsa lwfpr
djus ds fy, rS;kj gksa rks i= Hkstus dh vuqefr ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
eSa % i= Hkstus esa eq>s vfr izlUurk gksxhA ijarq og esjh vksj ls mUgsa Lora= :i esa Hkstk tk,] rHkh ykHk dh vkkk gSA
lj % i= gekjs }kjk tkuk pkfg,A
eSa % mlls D;k os ,slk ugha lkspsaxs fd eSaus og i= ljdkjh ncko esa vkdj Hkstk gS\ vPNk rks gS fd i= eSa Lora= :i ls gh HkstwaA
lj % ,slk ge ugha dj ldrsA
eSa % rks fQj ljdkj ds gkFkksa i= Hkstus esa dksbZ ykHk gS] ;g eq>s ugha yxrkA
lj % O;aX; n`fV ls esjh vksj lfLer eqnkz esa ns[krs gq, ekuks ge nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks [kwc tkurs gSa vPNk] vkidh D;k fkdk;r gS \
blds Ikpkr~ eSa dkjkx`gh; nq%[kksa dh jkedgkuh lqukus yxkA jktcafn;ksa ds dVksa dk o.kZu djrs&djrs ^lj* lkgc ds lkFk vk, gq,
gekjs phQ dfeuj us dgk] ^îjarq rqe jktcafn;ksa us vR;kpkjksa vkSj [kwuh kM~;a= jpk Fkka ;fn fganqLFkku ij vkt :lh yksxksa dk jkt
gksrk rks vki tSls ckfx;ksa dks os lkbcsfj;k Hkstrs vFkok xksfy;ksa ls mM+k nsrsA vr% vki viuk vgksHkkX; lef>, fd ge vaxzst vkids
lkFk bruk gh û`kal* O;ogkj djrs gSaA**
eSa % ijarq :fl;ksa dk kklu gksrk rks os fganqLFkku dks bruk fugR;k ugha djrsA vkt gekjs yksx Hkh ls ukifr cu ldrs Fks] tSls :lh]
lkbcsfj;k vkfn jkT;ksa esa ogka ds yksx vf/kdkjh vkSj lsukifr cu ldrs gSaA vkSj ftl rjg eqxyksa ds lkFk gqvk Fkk] mlh rjg ge
ljsvke fonzksg djrs gq, kh/kz Lokk/khurk Hkh izkIr dj ldrs FksA
lj % vkidk fganq izkklu gksrk rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd u`kalrk gksrhA fonzksfg;ksa dks gkFkh ds iSajksa ds rys dqpydj ekjk tkrk FkkA
eSa % th gka! vkSj baXySaM esa rks dsoy pksjh ds vijk/k esa Hkjs jkLrs ?klhVdj vijkf/k;ksa dks Qkalh ij p<+k;k tkrk FkkA ijarq blhfy, fd
^gqvk djrk Fkk* vkt dksbZ pksjksa dks lwyh ij p<+krk gS D;k\ ijarq lR; ;g gS fd nksuksa i{kksa dks euq;tkfr ds lkoZtfud lq/kkj dk
ykHk izkIr gksrk gSA izkphudky esa fonzksfg;ksa dks gkFkh ds ikao ds uhps dqpyk tkrk Fkk rks fonzksgh ;fn lQy gksrs Fks rks os Hkh pkYlZ tSls
jktk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
220
dks Qkalh ij yVdkrs FksA vkt nksuksa i{kksa esa vf/kd fkV rFkk lkSE; O;ogkj djuk ge vius esa gqvk lq/kkj] fodklukhyrk dk y{k.k
ekurs gSa] vkSj tc rd vki viuh vksj ls le> jgs gSa rc rd gh ge Hkh dgrs gSa fd vkids fu;ekuqlkj gh gels O;ogkj fd;k
tk,A vki fcuk fu;e ljsvke vR;kpkj djus yxs rks fQj ge ml voLFkk dk Hkh tSls&rSls lkeuk djsaxs ghA
bl lHkkak.k ds Ikpkr~ ckr ?kwe&fQjdj fQj mlh fcanq ij vk xbZA vaneku dh canh&laLFkk fok;d Hkh dqN izukskj gq, vkSj gesa
crk;k x;k fd fganqLFkku ljdkj gh mkj HkstsxhA
SMkWd /kedkrs gq, pys x,] mkj Hkh ugha vk;kA vaneku ds vf/kdkjh dgus yxs] vc orZeku fLFkfr ij gh larksk djksA ijarq lHkh
jktcafn;ksa us fup; fd;k fd dksbZ&u&dksbZ vkanksyu NsM+s fcuk pSu ls ugha cSBsaxs vkSj mUgksaus rhljh gM+rky dk vku fd;kA dksbZ
,d&nks tuksa dks NksM+dj lHkh us dke djuk NksM+ fn;kA Ng&Ng ekl csfM+;ksa dk naM feykA ukuh xksiky dks vUu&R;kx djrs gq, Ms<+
eghuk gks x;k FkkA mls ukd esa uyh Mkydj cyiwoZd nw/k fiyk;k tkrkA og gf;ksa dk <kapk jg x;k Fkk] rFkkfi ml ckyd dks] ftls
vUu&R;kx fd, Ms<+ eghuk gks pqdk Fkk] vkB fnu rd gFkdfM+;ksa esa fnu Hkj [kM+s jgus dk naM fn;k x;kA ijarq og ohj jkh Hkj Hkh
fopfyr ugha gqvkA lkFk gh mlds nq%[k ds m}sxok vU; Ng&lkr tuksa us Hkh vUu&R;kx fd;kA mUgsa [kkyh isV vkB fnuksa rd
gFkdfM+;ksa esa [kM+k fd;k x;kA esjk visf{kr i= vk x;kA ijarq eq>s dgk x;k] vkids i= esa vkifktud ys[ku gS] vr% vkidks i=
ugha fn;k tk,xkA i= vkrs gh eSa gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x;kA nks 1 50 lIrkg ds fy, vkM+h&csM+h2 51 dk naM feykA mlds Ikpkr~
gFkdM+h] mlds Ikpkr~ lkady csM+hA bl rjg naM c<+rs jgsA gekjs lgk;dksa us xqIr :i ls gesa lwfpr fd;k fd ml i= esa vkifktud
D;k gSA og vkifktud fo/kku Fkk&ml okZ ikfyZ;kesaV esa djgkMhZ }kjk eq>ls la caf/kr ppkZ& vk;jySaM esa yksx [kqYye[kqYyk fonzksg dh
/kefd;ka nsrs gSa] lsuk laxfBr djrs gSa] fQj Hkh ljdkj dqN ugha djrhA ijarq lkojdj tSls ,d Hkkjrh; kafrdkjh dks fiLrkSy tqVkus
ds fy, ipkl okZ ds dkysikuh dk naM fn;k x;k& bl izdkj dh rkuk nsusokyh ppkZ ikfyZ;kesaV esa gqbZ FkhA ;g lekpkj nsusokys i= dks
;fn eSa ns[krk rks ikfyZ;kesaV rd ds yksxksa dk gekjh vksj y{; dsafnzr gksxk] blh /kkj.kk ls ge jktcanh brjkus yxsaxs vkSj gM+rky dk
tksj c<+sxk&blh Hk; ds dkj.k ?kj ls vk;k gqvk og i= eq>s ugha fn;k x;kA ge lHkh
50
51
Lu~ 1914 esa ;g naM fn, tkus dk mYys[k gSA

bdkst kWe vaneku* esa 9 ekpZ] 1915 ds i= esa bldh ppkZ gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
221
us gM+rky esa nks&rhu iz/kku ekaxs izLrqr dha&

1- gesa jktcanh le>dj ml oxZ ds izFke Js.kh ds vf/kdkj fn, tk,aA
2- vU;Fkk ek= lk/kkj.k canhoku le>dj vaneku ds vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg ckgj NksM+k tk,] fy[kus dk dke fn;k tk,A vkf[kj esa
;Fkkle; ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ykus dh vuqefr nh tk,A
3- ;fn ;g Hkh u djuk gks rks gesa fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g esa gh Hkstk tk,A fQj ge de&ls&de ogka dh lqfo/kkvksa dk rks ykHk mBk ldsaxsA
NwV&naM ds fnolksa dh dkjkx`gh; NwV Hkh feyrh jgsxhA
bu ekaxksa ds fy, gM+rky tkjh jgrs jktcanh ljsvke ljdkjh fu;keksa dks vaxwBk fn[kkus yxsA dM+s igjs esa fofHkUu dksBfj;kas esa fnu&jkr
can iM+s jgus ls ijLij ;kstuk,a rFkk lekpkj lwfpr djuk nwHkj gks x;kA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k Fkk&og ^nwj/ofu* can gks x;k]
D;ksafd vkaxu fLFkr nwljh dksBfj;ksa ds Nsn ds ikl tkuk vlaHko gks x;kA
VsyhQksu [kRe rks VsyhxzkQ kq:
VsyhQksu VwV x;k rks VsyhxzkQ dk vkfodkj gqvk& og Hkh ok;jysl dkA nwj/ofu VwV tkus ds Ikpkr~ ;g csrkj dk rkj ;a= cgqr fnuksa
rd BkB ls dk;kZfUor gksrk jgk FkkA ikaoksa esa csfM+;ka Fkh] muds iksys [kks[kys NM+ ;k dM+s FksA mu NM+ksa vFkok csfM+;ksa dks }kj dh
lyk[kksa ls Vdjkdj ,d fufpr /ofu fyfi esa dV~V] dM+d] dV~V vkjaHk gks x;kA ;g dsoy nks&pkj dksBfj;ksa ds fy, ugha FkkA ijh
dksBfj;ksa ls gh ugha] ;s bekjrsa ftl dksus ls ,d&nwljh ls lVh gqbZ FkhA muesa ls igyh dksBfj;ksa ls vkokt bl bekjr ls ml bekjr
tkus ds dkj.k pkjksa vksj ls foiqy ek=k esa lekpkj vkus&tkus yxsA iqu% chp esa okWMZjksa ds fookl?kkr dk tks Hk; Fkk] og Hkh ugha
jgkA ;g /ofu fyfi izFker% vaxszth esa cukbZ xbZ FkhA mls gekjs HkzkrkJh us ukxjh esa ifjofRkZr fd;kA vc fokq} Lonskh csrkj dk rkj
;a= kq: gks x;kA vkids csrkj dh [kkst ekjdksuh us dh gksxhA gekjs vanekuh foo esa ekjdksuh dk ok;jysl vkus ls iwoZ gh gekjk
Lonskh csrkj kq: gks x;k FkkA
;g fy[krs&fy[krs gesa Lej.k gks jgk gS fd ^dSfiVy* i= esa gekjs ca/kq ok;jysl rkj ;a= ij fu;qDr fd, x, FksA ,slk tks lekpkj
izdkfkr fd;k Fkk] og ljklj >wB Fkk] ;g dgk ugha tk ldrkA gka th] gka! gekjs ca/kqjkt csrkjh rkj ;a= ok;jysl ij fu;qDr fd,
x, FksA ml i=&dFku esa tks fdafpr~ varj vk x;k]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
222
og cl bruk gh Fkk fd ml i= ds vuqlkj og ckr ;q} ds le; gks xbZ Fkh vkSj bl csrkj dh vkokt iM+ksl vFkok fiNokM+s dh
,d&nks dksBfj;ksa rd gh igqaprh FkhA ogka ^dSfiVy* dk nkok Fkk fd og ^dSfiVy* dk nkok Fkk fd og BsB teZuh rd igqaprh FkhA
dsoy nwjh dk varj] tks {kE; FkkA oSls Hkh nkkZfudksa ds lkeus vHkh rd ;g leL;k gh gS fd Space or time fnd~ vkSj dky ;s
inkFkZ gSa ;k vkHkkl ek=!
bl rkj ;a= }kjk gesa ,d&nwljs dh ;kstuk dk Kku gksrk vkSj tks djuk gS] lHkh ,d lkFk djrsA ^ckjh* okWMZj ds flj ij lokj gksrk
fd ;s lkeqnfk;d ;kstuk,a curh dSls gSa\
dkSu lekpkj nsrk gS\ os xaokj iBku! mUgsa le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk] ;s [kV[kV csfM+;k D;ksa ctrh gS \ dksbZ fpYyk;k rks ge dgrs]
ge eu&gh&eu Hktu dj jgs gSaA var esa ,d dYiukkhy okWMZj dk ekFkk Budk&csfM+;kas dh ;g izukskjh [kV[kV D;ksa gks jgh gS \ ,d
us dh& fQj nwljs us dh& ogh [kV[kVA mlus ckjh dks crk;kA ,d jkr ckjh us xqipqi tsy esa pkjksa vksj pDdj yxk;kA mUgksaus Hkkai
fy;k& ;g csrkj dk rkj ;a= gSA fu:ik;! Bu dqdfeZ;ksa dks csf M+;k er [kV[kVkus nks] cl] ;gh dgdj os pys x,A ij lqurk dkSu\
fu;e gS rks mls j[kks rkd ijA
,slh /kekpkSdM+h eph FkhA Hkkstu ijkslrs le; ?kaVs Hkj ds fy, jktcafn;ksa dks [kksydj vkaxu esa yk;k tkrkA ,d&nks fnu Bhd&Bkd
chr x,] ijarq ikaposa fnu lHkh jktcanh ,d iafDr esa ijarq nwjh ij Fkkyh esa Hkkstu ys jgs FksA brus esa lqJkO; vaxszth esa vpkud Hkkk.k
lqukbZ nsus yxk&^Brothers! We are all born free.* pkSadrs gq, lc ij ns[kus yxsA ukuh xksiky us vpkud [kM+s gksdj lkoZtfud
O;k[;ku kq: fd;kA ^cksyuk ugha* tSls ckjh ds fu;e dk laiw.kZ izfrkks/k ysus ds fy, gh mlus Hkkk.k vkjaHk fd;k] ^^ca/kqvksa! ge lc
tUe ls gh Lora= gSaA iszeiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls ckr djuk euq; dk izd`fr fl} vf/kdkj gS] vkSj bls Hkh ;fn k=q fNuuk pkgrk gS rks
Hkyk mldh dkSu lqusxk\ ns[kks] ;g eSa cksy jgk gwa vkSj cksyrk gh jgwaxkA** bl rjg oDr`Roiw.kZ dqN okD; mlds eqag ls fudy gh jgs
Fks fd vka[kksa ls fpuxkfj;ka fudkyrs gq, ckjh] fetkZ [kku] iBku okWMZj&lHkh us ml ij /kkok cksy fn;kA ijarq gekjs oDrk egksn ; dk
Hkkk.k mlh rjg /kkjkizokg tkjh Fkka mlds Hkkk.k ds fok; dk rc rd lekiu ugha gqvk tc rd mls mBkdj dksBjh esa can ugha dj
fn;k x;kA jktcanh viuh galh jksd ugha ij jgs Fks vkSj ckjh dk xqLlk vfu;af=r gks jgk FkkA
iBku ;k fganw
esjh dksBjh ds ikl vkdj vdsys esa fetkZ [kku ls jgk ugha tk jgk Fkk vFkkZr~
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
223
NksVs ckjh us dgk] ^^ cM+s ckcw] ;g Nksdjk ukuh xksiky vkidk lPpk psyk gSA mldk lkgl fganqvksa dks kksHkk ugha nsrkA og rks fdlh
iBku dk cPpk yxrk gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^cM+s teknkj lkgc] vki Hkwy dj jgs gSaA vkids firk iBku FksA ;fn og vki tSlk iBku dk
cPpk gksrk rks vkt LonskkFkZ ;gka lM+rs jgdj ckjh dks lkxikr u le>rs gq, vkidh rjg gh mlds ryos pkVrk fQjrkA ckjh ;fn
fnu dks jkr dgs rks vki Hkh jkr dgrs gSaA og fganw gS] blhfy, og bruk lwjek gSA teknkj] iBku tutkfr dh cqf}ekuh RkFkk kwjrk
dh eSa Hkh Hkwjh&Hkwjh izkalk djrk gwaA ijarq ;fn lkjs&ds&lkjs iBku kwj gksrs vkSj lkjs&ds&lkjs fganw kwj u gksrs rks vkidk iBkuh vFkok
eqlyekuh r[r dSls iyV ldrs Fks\**
gM+rky tkjh Fkh] rc var esa fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vksnk vk;k fd jktcafn;ksa dh ubZ O;oLFkk dh tk,A
bl vknsk52 dk ikB cM+s BkB&ckV] rke&>ke ds lkFk lHkh dks bdV~Bk djds fd;k x;kA mlesa izeq[k fcanq Fks&
1- jktcafn;ksa esa tks lkof/k canh gSa] mUgsa fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tk,xkA mUgsa fu;e ds vuqlkj naM esa NwV feyrh jgsxhA
2- ftUgsa vkthou dkjkokl gks x;k gS] mUgsa pkSng cjl rd dkjkx`g esa j[kk tk,xkA blds Ikpkr~ ;fn mudk vkpj.k Bhd jgk rks
gkFk ds Je ds ckn mUgsa [kqyk NksM+k tk,xkA
3- dkjkx`g esa pkSng okksaZ rd mUgsa ofjB Js.kh dk vUu&oL= fn;k tk,xkA ikap okZ gksrs gh mUgsa Lo;a Hkkstu cukdj [kkus dh
vuqefr nh tk,xhA O;; ds fy, izfr ekl :i;k&ckjg vkus rd Hkh mUgsa fn, tk,axsA
rhljh gM+rky dk var
mi;qZDr krksaZ ls ;gh fn[kkbZ nsxk fd gM+rky dh dqN ekaxs iwjh gks xbZ FkhA fnYyh ls fy[kdj vk;k Fkk&^;g loZFkk vifjofrZr
O;oLFkk gSA* rFkkfi bl rjg fdruh gh vifjorZuh; O;oLFkk,a jktcafn;ksa us vkanksyu }kjk cnyh FkhA vr% ;g r; gks x;k fd
viuh kfDr ds vuqlkj tks fey x;k] mldks Lohdkj djsa] tc rd fd nwljk volj ugha feyrk vkSj lHkh us gM+rky lekIr
djds dke izkjaHk fd;kA kh/kz gh lkof/k nafMr Term-Convicts fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa Hksts tkus yxsA tkrs le; geus mUgsa
crk fn;k fd nsk esa lrr vanekuh; ;a=ukvksa dks
52
;g vknsk fnlacj 1914 dk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
224
izpkfjr djrs jgks vkSj nsk ls tc&tc Hkh cafn;ksa ds pkyku vaneku vk,axs rc&rc LojkV ds lekpkj Hkstrs jgksA mu jktcafn;ksa
dks ,d jkT; dh ctk; lHkh jkT;ksa esa fc[kjus ls muds fy, ;s nks dke djuk vf/kd lqyHk gks x;k] vkSj mUgksaus ;s nksuksa dke
;FkklaHko HkyhHkkafr fuHkk,A
lkof/k nafMrksa ds jokuk gksrs gh dkjkx`g esa vkthou dkjkokl izkIr ge FkksM+s gh nafMr ksk jgsA ,dk/k lkof/k dSnh ihNs jg x;k
FkkA izk;% lHkh dks Vksyh&Vksyh esa viuk Hkkstu vius vki cukus dh lqfo/kk nh xbZ] ftlls vPNk Hkkstu feyus yxkA dqN yksxksa dks
Nkik[kkuk] xazFkky; mldk o`kkar vkxs vk,xk] uDks fudkyuk& bl rjg ds dke fn, x, vkSj mUgsa ikap :i, izfrekl osru Hkh
feyus yxkA iSlksa dh nqyZHkrk gh ugha] nqn`Z;rk Hkh ftl dkjkx`g esa Fkh] mlesa mls gh /kUuk lsB le>k tkrk ftlds ikl ikap
:i;s gksrsA vkSj fQj vusd yksx mldh lsok esa rRij jgrsA blesa D;k vkp;Z \ bl rjg ksk vktUe dkjkokl izkIr nafMrksa esa
cgqr lkjs yksxksa dk dkjkx`g dh rqyuk esa lqyHk Je vkSj vPNk Hkkstu feyus ls mfpr izca/k gks x;kA ijarq ;g lkjk tqxkM+ gksus
ij Hkh] bl lk/kkj.k ykHk esa Hkh gesa dqN vf/kd lqfo/kk ugha feyhA gesa fdlh Hkh rjg dk fy[kus dk dke ugha fn;k x;kA gekjh
fdlh dkj[kkus dh ns[kjs[k ij fu;qfDr ugha dh xbZA gesa izeq[k larksk ;g gqvk Fkk fd gekjs lgHkksxh nskHkDrksa dks rks dqN&u&dqN
lqfo/kk fey gh xbZA gekjs ca/kq dks vkSj gesa ogh jLlk cVus dk dVnk;d dke djuk iM+kA vkxs pydj ukfld ds vfHk;qDr Jh
okeujko tkskh vkSj esjs ca/kq dks vU; jktcafn;ksa dh rjg ,d lkFk Hkkstu cukus dh vuqefr fey xbZA ij eq>s igys dh gh rjg
,d bekjr esa can j[kk x;kA vanekuh izkklu dk ;g lw= gh fufpr gks x;k Fkk] tks ckjh dbZ ckj dgkr&^vkkafr dk izeq[k
dkj.k lkojdj gSA mu ij dM+h ut+j j[kuh pkfg,A mUgsa ;FkklaHko dksbZ Hkh lqfo/kk ugha nsuh pkfg,A*
;g lu~ 1914 dk okZ FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vanekuh; vkanksyu rFkk mlds o`kkar dk iwokZ/kZ ;gha ij lekIr gksrk gSA vkxs pydj
fganqLFkku dh vkSj bl txr~ dh jktuhfr esa cM+s&cM+s ifjorZu gksrs x,A muds ifj.kke ds izHkko vaneku ds bl NksVs ls mifuosk
ij Hkh gksus ds dkj.k ogka ds lekpkjks dk Lo:i gh vkewypwy cny x;kA iwokZ/kZ esa eq[;r% Lokoyacu;qDr thou thus ds fy,
vR;ar vko;d Hkwfedk fuekZ.k djus esa jktcafn;ksa dh kfDr O;; gks xbZA ijarq mkjk/kZ esa vaneku ds lkoZtfud thou esa Hkh u;k
tksk mRiUu djus ij mudk /;ku yxk jgkA bl Bksl ifjorZu ls gekjk ;g dkjkxkjh; lekpkj Hkh nks foHkkxksa esa caV tkrk gS]
vr% bldk iwokZ/kZ ;gh ij lekIr djds vkxkeh vf/kd O;kid o`kkar mkjk/kZ ds fy, lqjf{kr j[ksaxsA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
mkjk/kZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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izdj.k&1
vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z
iwokZ/kZ eas dsoy esjk gh ugha vfirq LFkwy :i esa vaneku fLFkr iwjs jktcanh oxZ dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA mu ikap&Ng okksZa esa jktcafn;ksa
ds laidZ ls] muds iz;klksa ls cafn;ksa ds lkFk vkpj.k vkfn esa tks vf/kd ekuork dk nkZu gksus yxk] mlls vkSj fokskr% jktca fn;ksa
dk vf/kdkfj;ksa ls tks vfHkeku rFkk izfrjks/kiw.kZ O;ogkj gksrk jgk] mlls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk ,dkRed laxBu] mudk lkgl] /kS;Z vkfn
ns[kdj vkSj ;g ns[krs gq, fd ,d dks dV esa ns[kdj vU; lkjs canh fdl rjg th&tku ls mldh eqfDr ds fy, iz;Rujr gksrs gSa&
vU; cafn;ksa ds eu esa Hkh lkekftd ro tM+ idM+us yxsA Lonsk] Lo/keZ] tulsok vkfn kCnksa ls ifjfpr gksdj mudh lkekftd
uhfrekk ifjof/kZr gksus yxhA mlesa Hkh fganw cafn;ksa esa bu xq.kksa dk izknqHkkZo kh?kzrkiwoZd gksus yxkA ihNs dgk gh x;k gS fd mudh fk{kk
ds fo:} vf/kdkfj;kas us fdruh dBksj uhfr viukbZ FkhA ijarq jktcafn;ksa ds iz;klksa ds dkj.k og vc cgqr gh <qyeqy gks xbZ FkhA
eqlyeku okWMZjksa ds ikl gh ugha vfirq cafn;ksa ds ikl Hkh dqjku vFkok vU; /kkfeZd iqLrdsa gksrh vkSj dHkh&dHkh dke Vkyus ds fy, os
mudk ikB djrsA ijarq fganqvksa dks viuh /kkfeZd iqLrdsa j[kuk vkSj i<+uk pksjh tSlk dke gksrkA ;k rks ofjB vf/kdkjh mUgsa jksdrs ;k
dHkh ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vuqefr feyus ij eqlyeku teknkj ck/kk [kMh+ djrs A ikap&nl fganw canh foJke ds fnu Hkh rqylh
jkek;.k i<+us cSBs rks bldk dksbZ fu;e ugha gksrk fd eqlyeku raMsy vFkok fetkZ [kku mu ij dc vpkud MaMs cjlk nsaA bl rjg
ds volj geus dbZ ckj ns[ksA ,sls iBkuh raMsyksa rFkk iatkch eqlyekuksa ls lHkh ifjfpr Fks] tks /kkfeZd iqLrdksa esa Nis fp= ns[kdj bl
rjg dh ^cqrijLr* ewfrZit
w d iqLrdsa fganqvksa }kjk i<+us dk fojks/k djuk viuk ije drZO; ekurs Fks A ,slh voLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa esa
ls ge tSls yksxksa dks ;g lc vl gks tkrk] rks ge ;g c[ksM+k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa rd ys tkrsA ckj&ckj ,slk djus ls fganw cafn;ksa }kjk iqLrd j[kus ij fd;k tkusokyk izR;{k ;k vizR;{k fojks/ k can
gqvkA fganw cafn;ksa dks /kkfeZd iqLrd vius ikl j[kus] dke ls fuiVus ds ckn fdlh dks i<+u s ds fy, nsus rFkk LysV dk ,dk/k VqdM+k
;k LysV Hkh j[kus dh fLFkfr cuhA
fganw yksxksa dks NqV~Vh feyus esa Hkh blh rjg dk i{kikr gksrkA eqlyekuh NqV~Vh ds fnu eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks dke u djrs gq, xIis
gkadus vkSj vkjke ls ?kwers jgus dh iwjh NwV feyrh FkhA ijarq fganqvksa dks fdruh gh NqfV~;ka rks nh gh ugha tkrh] NqfV~V;ksa ds fnu NksVs
vf/kdkjh mUgsa MkaVrs&/kedkrs] ^dke djrs gks ;k fnu Hkj dksBjh esa can jguk ilan djksxs \* vFkkZr~ vka[ksa rjsjs teknkj ds eqag ls
dksBjhcanh dk uke lqurs gh cspkjs fganw canh pwipki dke djrsA bl izdkj ds vu;k; dks jksdus vkSj fganqvksa dks viuh Nqf;ka fnyokus
ds fy, mUgsa euk djus ds fy, izo`k djds ge Hkh dke NksM+dj cSB x,A Ik;Zos{kd us vkdj ns[kk fd ekeyk gn ls c<+ x;k gS \ rc
mlus gels dgk] ^^fganqvksa dks Nqf;ka nh tk,xh ijarq vki yksx bl rjg Madk ihVsaxs rks vkidks naM fn;k tk,xkA vkidks ,d lk/kkj.k
nafMr ln`k naM nsuk eq>s vfiz; yxrk gS] blhfy, vcdh ckj NksM+ nsrk gwaA**
fganw cafn;ksa ds vU;k; nwj djus ds fy, iz;Rukhy jgusokys jktcanh vius eqlyeku cafn;ksa ij gks jgs vU;k;ksa dk izfrdkj djus esa Hkh
ihNs ugha jgrs FksA muds iz;klksa ls Hkkstu] dke] naM vkfn esa tks lq/kkj gq, vkSj cafn;ksa dks tks lqfo/kk,a feyrh xbZ] mudk YkkHk
eqlyekuksa dks Hkh fey gh jgk FkkA vr% os Hkh jktcafn;ksa dk vknj djrs A bruk gh ugha] os muds }kjk fd, x, ?kiys dgha jktcanh
mtkxj u dj nsa] bl Mj ls mudh th gqtwjh Hkh djrsA jktcafn;ksa ds minskksa ls eqlyekuksa esa Hkh jkVh; izo`fk ds yksx vkxs vk x,A
os mi;qDr Hkh fl} gq,A ijarq vkxs pydj tSls&tSls kqf} vkfn vkanksyu djuk jktcafn;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gks x;k oSls&oSls muesa
mudh tUetkr /kekZa/krk Hkh mHkj vkbZA
cafn;ksa dh fk{kk ds fy, tc ikB~;&iqLrdsa j[kus dh FkksMh+ lqfo/kk izkIr gks xbZ rc eq[; izu ;g mifLFkr gqvk fd mUgsa iLrds a fdl
rjg feysaxhA izk;% mu lHkh ?kjksa esa vKku dk clsjk FkkA ;fn os dqN ekax djrs rks ?kj ls egaxs twrksa ds iklZy rks vk tkrs] ijarq
nqoUuh&poUuh dh iqLrd ekaxus ij Hkh ugha vkrhA ;g izkFkZuk O;FkZ Fkh fd mUgsa ljdkj dh vksj ls iqLrdsa feysaA ;gh D;k de midkj
Fkk fd ,dk/k iqLrd j[kus dh vuqefr fey xbZ FkhA vr% ge vius futh iklZyksa esa fed rFkk lqyHk bfrgkl] Hkwxksykfn dh iqLrdsa
eaxokus yxsA dqN fnu ,sls gh dke pykA ijarq iDdh O;oLFkk ds fy, kh/kz gh ,d dsanhz ; laLFkk Lfkkfir dh xbZA ihNs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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mYys[k fd;k gh x;k gS] ftu jktcafn;ksa dks jktuhfr dk /;sl vFkok ekxZ dk foosd rFkk jgL; dk vkdyu ugha gqvk Fkk vkSj tks
fdlh Hkh nsklsod laLFkk esa kiFkc} ugha gq, Fks& bl rjg ds yksxksa dks kiFkiwoZd Lonsklsok dh nh{kk rFkk ml foosd ,ao jgL; esa dk
KkuiwoZd cks/k djkus dk mie izkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs mlh laLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa ds laidZ ls] ftuds n; esa nskHkfDr dk cht
iM+k Fkk] mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks izosk feyus yxkA os canhoku tc Ng ekg vFkok ,d okZ ds Ikpkr~ ckgj fudyrs rc mlh i}fr ds
vuqlkj vius Lora= eaMy izLFkkfir djrsA blh laLFkk esa vkxs pydj fk{kk izpkjkFkZ izkfIr ds ihNs izR;sd dks :i, ds fy, bdUuh]
ikap :i, ds fy, vBUuh& bl rjg p<+rh Js.kh dk kqYd j[kk x;kA dqN cafn;ksa dks ckgj dqN bl rjg ds vf/kdkj izkIr gksrs Fks fd
os lgtrk ls rhl&pkyhl :i, izfr ekg dek ysrsA mlds Ikpkr~ pkj&ikap eghuksa esa ckgj NksMs+ x, jktcafn;ksa ds dkj.k ckgj ds
canh vf/kdkfj;ksa esa gh ugha] vfirq lk/kkj.k O;kikjh vkfn ^Lora=* oxZ esa Hkh dbZ yksx nskHkfDr eas :fp ysuk lh[k pqds FksA mlh rjg
cafn;ksa us Hkh Hkhrj yh gqbZ kiFk dk izpkj djrs jgdj yksxksa esa de&vf/kd ek=k esa jktuhfr esa :fp rFkk bl Hkko dk fuekZ.k fd;k
Fkk fd LonskkFkZ viuk Hkh dqN drZO; curk gSA ml mifuosk esa MkWDVj] U;k; foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh rFkk vU; izkklu foHkkxh;
vf/kdkfj;ksa us] tks fganqLFkku ds fkf{kr oxZ ls dsoy ukSdjh djus vk, gq, Fks] vkSj ftuesa ls cgqr lkjs izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls
gels Hkh ifjfpr gks x, Fks] mUgksaus Hkh og vHkwriwoZ fu;ec} Lonsk&lsokozr Lohdkj dj fy;k FkkA mlesa ,d fu;e Fkk fd vc og
oxZ lkS :i, dh izkfIr ds ihNs ikap :i, vaneku esa izpkj dk;kZFkZ laLFkk dks iznku djsA ml fu;ekuqlkj dqN yksx fu;fer :i esa
nzO; nku djrsA muesa ls ftUgksaus fganh ugha i<+h Fkh] os fganh i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[krsA jktuhfr] bfrgkl] vFkZ kkL=] izkklukkL= tSls
fok;ksa] tks izR;sd nskizseh ds fy, vko;d gSa& ij pquh gqbZ iqLrdksa dh geus tks ,d lk/kkj.k lwph cukbZ Fkh] mlds vuqlkj os iqLrdsa
[kjhn ysrs vkSj i<+rsA laLFkk dh lafpr fuf/k rFkk laLFkk ds bl rjg ds lHkh O;ogkj vfyf[kr gksrs vkSj mUgsa bl rjg pykuk iM+rk
fd fo:} vf/kdkfj;ksa dh on`fV dks ;FkklaHko mudk lqjkx Hkh u yxsA
laLFkk dh fuf/k esa ls cafn;ksa ds fy, LysaVs] fed iqLrdsa rFkk mPp fok; dh iqLrdsa [kjhnus ij tks nwljh dfBukbZ lkeus jgrh] og Fkh
mUgsa ckaVus dhA D;ksafd dkjkx`g fLFkr canh ds ikl iqLrd ns[krs gh vf/kdkjh dk igyk izu gksxk] ;g iqLrd fdlus nh\ bldh rks dksbZ
fxurh gh ugha fd i<+us rFkk iqLrd ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa fdrus yksxksa dks naM Hkqxruk iM+k( vkSj bl izu ij fd iqLrd fdlus nh]
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gekjk uke ysus dk vFkZ gS vius okWMZj ds in ls gkFk /kks cSBuk vFkok dksYgw esa tksrs tkukA
jktcafn;ksa ls cksyuk vlaHko Fkk] fQj mudh iqLrd dks Lohdkj djus ds vijk/k ds ckjs esa D;k dguk\ vr% NqV~Vh ds fnu dksbZ ckgj
pyk tk, rks bl cgkus ls fd vykus&Qykus HkkbZ&canksa ls veqd O;fDr dks iqLrd nh&mu fed izLrdksa dks fBdkus yxkuk iM+rkA
bu iLrdksa ds ekxZ esa ljdkjh ck/kk dh rjg gh cM+h Lo;a mu vukM+h] ukle> canhokuksa dh FkhA i<+us dk uke ysrs gh mudk igyk
izu gksrk] i<+us ls Hkh D;k ykHk gksxk\ ckSf}d vFkok jkVh; ykHk crkvks rks muds iYys dqN ugha iM+rkA ;g Hk; Hkh muds eu esa
lek;k gqvk Fkk fd ckjh lkgc dh mu ij on`fV gS] ftUgsa i<+us&fy[kus esa :fp gS] rFkkfi cyiwoZd] idM+&/kdM+ dj ftl fdlh ls
laidZ gksrk] mls i<+kus dk iz;kl tkjh FkkA fdlh dks dgrs] rqEgsa tjk lh ejkBh vkrs gh vaxszth i<+k,axs] fQj rqe NksVs ls ys[kd dk
dke dj ldksxs vkSj êqakh* cu tkvksxsA cafn;ksa esa êqakh* dk cM+k eku FkkA bl egodka{kk ls izsfjr gksdj fd êSa eqakh cuwaxk* dbZ
canh i<+us yxrsA dqN gh ,sls fudyrs tks dsoy bl mnkk Hkkouk ls fd og gekjh fo|k gS] vFkok ge /keZxzaFk i<+ ldsaxs] vFkok ;g
gekjk jkVh; drZO; gS] izks<o+ LFkk esa v&vk ls Jhx.ksk djrsA
ijarq bldk c[kku D;ksa djs fd ;g dke fdrus >a>V dk FkkA v] vk] d] [k] i<+us ds fy, nsrs vFkok ^?kj] dj* vkfn kCn bu
fuiV vukM+h cafn;ksa dks pksjh&fNis i<+kuk] vkSj myVs mudh fpjkSjh Hkh djukA dHkh&dHkh rks eqr feyh gqbZ LysVsa&iqLrdsa j[kus dks Hkh
os rS;kj ugha gksrsA i<+us ds Hk; ls os ckr djuk gh NksM+ nsrsA ,sls yksxksa dk eu eksM+us ds fy, Nk=o`fk;ka nsuh iM+rh] og Hkh vanekuh
eqnzk esaA vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa :i, dh eqnzk nwljs ntsZ dh Fkh& iz/kku dk;Zdkjh pyu ^lqDds* dk FkkA bl ikfjHkkfkd kCn dk vFkZ
gS&rackdwA fk; dks rackdw dh nks pqVfd;ka nsus ij og vius xq: ij ianzg&chl feuV rd i<+us dk egku~ midkj djrkA bl >a>V ls
rax vkdj izFke gekjs lg;ksxh jktcanh cdj cafn;ksa dks i<+kus dk dke djus ls LiV euk djrs A dgrs fd ;g kfDr dk nq:Ik;ksx
gS] D;kasfd ge tSls ch-,-],e-,- yksx vukM+h] vijk/kh] pksj] Mkdqvksa dks iqpdkjdj mUgsa v] vk] dk ikB i<+k,a vkSj kCn tksM+us dh
dVizn ekFkkiPph djrs jgsa& ;g lpeqp gh m}sxtud gSA ijarq bl rjg dh Hkkouk gekjs lg;ksfx;ksa ds eu esa vkrs gh ge vius eu
dks rFkk muds eu dks iqu%iqu% izksRlkfgr djrs gq, dgrs] ^;g kfDr dk viO;; gS u\ vPNk] fQj bl voLFkk esa nsklsokFkZ dksbZ vkSj
vf/kd egoiw.kZ d`R; vki dj ldrs gSa\ tks gka dgs] og ;g dke NksM+dj nwljk vf/kd
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ego dk dk;Z djsA ijarq le; dsoy O;FkZ dh fpark vFkok fryfeykgV lgrs vFkok vkil esa fujFkZd fookn djus esa O;rhr djus ls
bu rqPN ifrrksa dks i<+kus esa mudh eu%izofk ijksidkj dh vksj eksM+us esa O;rhr djuk D;k nsk ds fy, vf/kd dY;k.kdkjh ugha gS\
vkSj nsf[k,] ge xkao&xkao esa izkFkfed Ldwy [kksyus ds izLrko ykrs gSaA og fk{kk nsus ds fy, fdlh&u&fdlh dks vkxs vkuk gh gksxk u\
izkFkfed Ldwyksa esa bl rjg i<+kus esa thou nsus dk ozr fdlh&u&fdlh dks ysuk gh gksxk u\ fQj og dVizn dk;Z ge gh D;ksa u djsa\
ge v/;kidksa ds eksVs&rxM+s osru rFkk lEekuh; dqjfl;ksa ij dCtk djsa vkSj xkoksa esa ckjg[kfM+;ka jVkrs gq, i<+kus dk dVizn dk;Z
vU; yksx LkaHkkysa] ;g bPNk d;k vU;;ewyd ugha gS\ ifrrks}kj dk dk;Z jkVh; fgr ds fy, vko;d gSA egku~ euhkh] iafMr]
fekujh] ;wjksih; dkjkxkj esa ek= blh dk;kZFkZ viuk thou lefiZr djrs gSaA :l ds krkf/kd jkT; kafrdkjh fo}ku xkaoksa esa ?kq ldy
pqipki fk{kk izlkjkFkZ ekFkk ekj jgs gSaA fQj D;ksa u ge bl LFkku ij mlh n`fV ls ogh dk;Z djsa \ ge bUgsa ek= kkfCnd ckjg[kfM+;ka
ugha i<+krs rks ml kkfCnd fk{kk dh vksV esa [kM+s jgdj mudh vkRekvksa dks vkfFkZd ckjg[kfM+;ka Hkh i<+k jgs gSaA
gekjh la xr esa
vkrs gh muds eu esa LojkV] Lonsk] Lotkfr dh /kkj.kk,a mHkjrh gSaA tc ge bfrgkl dk o.kZu djrs gSa] rc muds eq[keaMy ij Hkh
vkHkk pedus yxrh gSA D;k os ifrr gSa\ vkSj ge D;k gSa\ ge Hkh tUetkr eqDr FkksM+s gh gS\ ;fn mUgsa lq/kkjk tk, rks os Hkh lq/kjsaxsA
vr% tc rd vU; vf/kd egoiw.kZ nskdk;Z eas ge vleFkZ gSa rc rd bl vR;ar dVizn dk;Z dks dk;kZfUor djus es gh okLrfod
nsklsok gSA vius bu nhu&ghu ifrr ca/kqvksa dks kkfCnd] ckSf}d] jkVh; rFkk vkReh; fk{kk nsus dh ftruh ;ksX;rk ge esa gS] mruh
fk{kk dk dk;Z gesa djrs jguk gksxkA*
bl izdkj iz;Rujr jgrs gq, nhu&ghu ifrrksa esa dbZ ,sls mnkjeuk fudys fd mudh fuLLokFkZ ijksidkjh cqf} dk] LoPN vkpj.k dk
rFkk nskfgr lk/kus dk izHkko ns[kdj ge jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh vkReyk?kk ds fy, yTtk dk vuqHko gksus yxrkA
jktcanh canhokuksa dh iqLrdkfn fk{kk&lkexzh dk ;g lc izca/k djrs Fks] lkFk gh jktcafn;ksa ds fy, Hkh ,d xzaFkky; [kksyus dk iz;kl
dj jgs FksA izFker% ge ,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa ugha i<+ ldrs FksA fiNys ,d izdj.k esa bldk mYys[k fd;k gSA mlds ipkr~ ge
nl&ikap yksxksa us dfeuj rd ;g izkFkZuk dh fd gesa ,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh vuqefr nh tk,A ijarq ckjh dk dguk Fkk& bUgsa
,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh vuqKk nsrs gh ,d&nwljs us iqLrdsa QkM+ Mkyh] bl cgkus ls
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os ,d&nwljs ls >xM+rs jgsaxs vkSj iqLrd ij isafly ls fpf;ka fy[kdj vkil esa i=&O;ogkj djrs jgsaxsA ekuks vkilh i=&O;ogkj bl
lk/ku ds vHkko esa :dk gqvk Fkk! dkQh ikiM+ csyus ij ,d gM+rky ds QyLo:i Ik;Zos{kd us vuqKk nh fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lEefr ls
vkil esa ysu&nsu djds iqLrdsa i<+saA blds Ikpkr~ lHkh dh iqLrdsa ,df=r j[kh tk,aA ;g vkosnu djrs gh ckjh dks yxk fd vc ;s
yksx xzaFkky; cuk, fcuk ekusaxs ughaA vr% mUgkasus tedj fojks/k fd;kA mUgksaus Ik;Zos{kd dks lwfpr fd;k fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh
yksx viuh vueksy iqLrdsa nwljksa ds gkFk lkSaius ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSaA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij mUgksaus vius nks Hkjkslsean I;knksa dks lkeus
fd;kA mu nksuksa us Ik;Zos{kd dks lwfpr fd;k fd ^^ge nksuksa iqLrdsa ,df=r djus ds fo:} gSaA** rc Ik;Zos{kd us gels dgk] ^^vki
nks&rhu tuksa dks NksM+dj lHkh fo:} gSaA ,sls esa iqLrdksa dks bdV~Bk dSls fd;k tk,\** geus muls dgk] ^^vki Lo;a dks /kedk;k fd
Bhd gS] iqLrdksa dks ,df=r dhft,] ysfdu mu iqLrdksa esa fdlh dk Hkh iasfly ls ys[ku feyk] Hkys gh og nwljksa us fy[kk gqvk gks] rks
mlds fy, iqLrd ds Lokeh dks gh mkjnk;h le>dj os iqLrdsa tyk nh tk,axhA
bl izdkj mlus ,slk Mj fn[kk;k] /kedk;k & ij nwljs fnu lHkh ls Ik;Zos{kd ds iwNus ij lHkh us vFkkZr~ ckjh ds nks&rhu ^le>nkj*
ikyrw pepksa dks NksM+dj dgk] ^îqLrdsa bdV~Bh j[ksaxAs ** tykus ds uke ij geus dgk] ^^tks iqLrdsa muesa esjh iqLrdsa cgqr ewY;oku gSa&
nks&rhu lkS :i;ksa dh os iqLrdsa ;fn tykbZ xbZa rks Hkh gkfu ugha] ijarq iqLrdsa bdV~Bh gksuh pkfg,A izR;sd dkjkx`g esa ljdkjh O;; ls
gh ,d&,d xazFkky; j[kk tkrk gSA b/kj ljdkj ,d iqLrd Hkh ugha ns jghA ijarq ge vius O;; vkSj vkidh vuqefr ls tks iqLrdsa
Hkhrj yk, gSa] mUgsa Hkh bdV~Bh j[kdj xazFkky; cukuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks dV gks jgk gSA** i;Zos{kd izxfroknh euq; FkkA mlus
Lohdkj fd;k vkSj gekjs dgus ds vuqlkj mudh iqLrdsa NksM+dj] tks bdV~Bh iqLrdsa j[kuk ugha pkgrs Fks] ekad yxkdj ,d xzaFkky;
cuk;kA gj jfookj dks LkHkh jktcanh ckjh&ckjh ls tkdj iqLrdsa cny ysrs FksA bl rjg e kq: gqvkA
xzaFkky; ds izca/k ls ,d&,d dks i<+us ds fy, fofo/k iqLrdsa feyus yxh vkSj ftu jktcafn;ksa dks ?kj ls iqLrdsa Hkstus ;ksX; Hkh dksbZ
vk/kkj ugha Fkk] mUgsa ljsvke eaxokus ds le; bl rjg r; fd, fd gj fdlh dks izfrokZ ,d gh iklZy feyrk] rFkkfi vyx&vyx
le; ij eaxokus ls gj eghus fdlh&u&fdlh dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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iklZy vkrk gh jgrkA mlesa Hkh ,d tks iqLrdsa eaxokrk] mUgsa NksM+dj nwljk vU; iqLrdsa eaxokrk&bl izdkj ejkBk] caxyk] fganh]
iatkch] laLd`r iqLrdsa fdlh ,d ij cks> u curs gq, lHkh dks i<+us ds fy, feyus yxhA izfr ekl izk;% ,dk/k iklZy vkus ls ubZ
iqLrdsa ckj&ckj feyrh] ftlls nsk dh foiqy tkudkjh feyus yxhA ekfld iqLrd ds laca/k esa p[kp[k djuh iM+rhA ihNs crk;k x;k
gS fd dkSu lh iqLrd dkjkx`g esa vk,] bl laca/k esa ckjh dh dlkSVh ew[kZrkiw.kZ FkhA ijarq chp esa tks ,d foosdh Ik;Zos{kd vk;k] mlus
iqLrd ijh{k.k ds dke esa cgqr mnkj n`fVdks.k j[kkA ekfld iqLrdksa ds laca/k esa ckjh mls Hkh pkSadkrk] D;kasfd og dfeuj dks Hkh
lwfpr djrk fd Ik;Zos{kd jktnzksgh ys[kksa ls Hkjh ekfld if=dk,a jktcafn;ksa dks nsrk gSA vr% ekWMuZ fjO;w] bafM;u fjO;w vkfn iqLrdsa ge
tc vkil esa eaxokrs rc dfeuj rd >xM+uk iM+rkA eSa dgrk fd okLro esa fganqLFkku ljdkj tks ekfld if=dk,a vFkok iqLrdsa tCr
ugha djrh og jktcafn;ksa ds leku fkf{kr vkSj Lora= foosdh oxZ dks nsus esa dksbZ vkifk u mBkbZ tk,] D;ksafd fganqLFkku ljdkj ds
lkfgR; izca/kd foHkkx lsalj vkWfQl dh gtkj vka[kksa ls Hkh tks iqLrd NwV xbZ og jktnzksgh vFkok viBuh; ugha gks ldrhA ckjh
tSls vufHkK euq; }kjk mls Hkh vkifktud le>us dk vFkZ gS& mu foK lkfgR; izac/kd ds lg p{kqvksa dks Hkh n`fVghu lkfcr
djukA geus ;g lc dfeuj ds lkeus LiV fd;kA rc dgha ;s if=dk,a feyus yxhA rFkkfi ml Ik;Zos{kd ds cnyrs gh ckjh
iqu%&iqu% gLr{ksi djrkA dHkh if=dk ds iUus QkM+ ysrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh muesa ls vk{ksi;ksX; iUuksa dks dkyh L;kgh ls efV;kesV djds
nsrkA tks fey x;k mldks Lohdkj djds cgl tkjh j[kus dk mie geus dj gh j[kk FkkA ,d&nks ckj rks okZ Hkj ckn gekjs iklZy
vkus ij Hkh ckjh us gels dg fn;k] ugha vk,A [kkst ysus ij fl} gqvk fd mudks vk, eghuk gks x;kA rc ckjh Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus
ukd jxM+rs&jxM+rs Fkd x;kA ,d&nks ckj rks ekfld if=dk izkIr djus rFkk iklZy izkIr djus ds fy, dke NksM+uk iM+k] rc dgha
tkdj U;k; feykA ckjh dh bPNk ds fo:} geus xazFkky; kq: djok;k] blh dk ks/k og ge ij bl izdkj mrkj jgk FkkA
bruh vkifk;ksa] ck/kkvksa ds ckotqn og xazFkky; /khjs&/khjs ,d JsB iqLrdky; cu x;kA mlesa fofo/k Hkkkkvksa rFkk mRd`V Js.kh dh
yxHkx Ms<+&nks gtkj iqLrdsa ,df=r gks xbZA ftu rhuksa us ckjh dks larqV djus ds fy, izFker% xazFkky; esa iqLrdsa j[kuk udkjk Fkk]
kh/kz gh mUgksaus Hkh viuh iqLrdsa ns nh vkSj vU; yksaxksa dh rjg i<+us dk vf/kdkj izkIr fd;kA vkxs pydj Ik;Zos{kd Hkh bl la LFkk ij
xoZ ls flj apk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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djus yxsA mUgksaus xazFkky; ds fy, vkyekfj;ka nhA ,d Lora= LFkku fn;k vkSj QVh gqbZ iqLrdksa dh flykbZ rFkk mudh ;Fkksfpr ns[kHkky
djus ds fy, nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa dks fu;qDr fd;kA os iqLrdksa dh ftYnlkth dk dke bruk cf<+;k djus yxs fd ljdkjh dk;kZy; ls
Hkh cM+s&cM+s xazFk ogha ftYn cka/kus ds fy, vkus yxsA blds vfrfjDr jktcafn;ksa esa ,d&nks fp=dkj FksA mUgas ;wjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls
vusd ds izdkfkr ys[k cM+s djus dk dke djus dh vuqKk Hkh feyh vkSj os Hkh ogha vkus yxsA jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&pkj tuksa dks ,d
ckSf}d dk;Z djus rFkk kkjhfjd Je ls eqDr gksus dh vPNk lqfo/kk fey xbZA ;g lkis{kkr% foJke rFkk okaNuh; LFkku muesa ls fdlh
dks Hkh ugha feykA ftUgksaus xazFkky; dk dM+k fojks/k fd;k] mUgha dks ml LFkku dk ykHk izFker% nsdj muls _.keqDr gks x;kA
ml xzaFkky; esa caxyk Hkkkk ds jktk jkeeksgu jk;] fo|klkxj vkfn egkiq:kksa ds pfj=] uohu lsu jk;] johanzukFk vkfn ds izk;% lHkh
xazFk] tksxsk panz vkfn dh xazFkkofy;ka] ^laiw.kZ egkHkkjr*] ^laiw.kZ jkek;.k*] ^;ksxokflB* vkfn mkekske lSdM+ksa xazFk FksA if=dk,a rFkk
foosdkuan] jked`.k ds pfj= vkSj xzaFkksa dh rks bruh izfr;ka Fkh fd iwfN, erA ogka ij geus caxyk Hkkkk dk th Hkjds v/;;u fd;kA
yanu esa lu~ 1857 ds kafr;q} dk bfrgkl fy[krs le; gesa caxyk iqLrdksa dk izFke nkZu gqvk FkkA jtuhdkar ckcw dk ^flikgh
;q}srj bfrgkl* xazFk bl mn~ns; ls fd mlesa dqN u;k rF; izkIr gksxk] geus vius caxkyh fe= ls i<+ok;k FkkA ge caxyk cksyuk rFkk
i<+uk rks lh[k x,] rFkkfi caxyk v{kj ge fy[k ugha ldrs FksA bl ckr ij gesa vkp;Z Hkh gksrk FkkA fQj mls Hkh vkRelkr~ fd;kA
vaxqfy;ksa dks v{kjksa dk ifjp; dqN vf/kd ugha gSA jked`.k ds yhyke`r&dFkke`r vkfn vusd [kaMksa esa iw.kZ fd;k gqvk pfj=] ^johanzukFk
dh thou&Le`fr*] ^fp=k* vkfn i<+&i<+dj Fkd tkus ds Ikpkr~ izkphu caxyk ds îk;jh* o`k dks gh vkxs pydj e/kqlwnu nk us
vfe=k{kj Nan esa :ikarfjr fd;kA e/kqlwnu ds ês?kukn o/k^] ^dq:{ks=* vkfn xazFk i<+us ds ckn ftl rjg mUgksaus vaxszth ds fueZ;ed
Blank Verse dh rjg caxyk vfe=k{kj o`k dh jpuk dh] mlh rjg gesa bPNk gksus yxh fd ,slh ejkBh o`k jpsa tks mldh vf/kd
kkL=kq} o`k&izo`fk ls feyrh&tqyrh gksA ogh iz;kl ^xkser
a d* ds oSuk;d o`k*53 esa ifj.kr gks x;k gSA
53
oSuk;d o`k* dh laiw.kZ tkudkjh ds fy, lkojdj lexz] [kaM&7 nsf[k,A
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jktcafn;ksa esa dsoy ge nks&rhu egkjkVh;uksa dks gh ejkBh iqLrdsa eaxokus dh vko;drk izrhr gksrh FkhA ijarq izkphu iqLrdas izk;%
ifjfpr gksus ds dkj.k ek= ^fp=e; txr~* vkfn dqN ubZ if=dk,a rFkk ubZ izdkfkr iqLrdsa dh ge vius fy, eaxokrsA ijarq lk/kkj.k
cafn;ksa esa] muds fy, tks ejkBh cafnoku Fks vkSj gekjs dVHkkxh Jh okeujko tkskh vkSj mu jktcafn;kas ds fy,] tks ejkBh i<+ jgs Fks]
geus bfrgkl] Kkusojh ls ysdj eksjks iar rd izeq[k dfo;ksa ds dkO; laxzg] fed iqLrdsa] kkL=h; iqLrdsa] laiw.kZ egkHkkjr dk
vuqokn] cM+kSnk esa izdkfkr &}Srk}Sr Hkk;* lfgr laiw.kZ ^czlw=* dk vuqokn vkfn Ms<+&nks lkS xzaFk /khjs&/khjs eaxokdj lax`ghr fd, FksA
izFker% fganh iqLrdsa eaxokus dk O;; Hkh gesa gh mBkuk iM+k] D;kasfd gekjs bl iz;kl ds pyrs fd fganh jkVh; Hkkkk gS] vr% dqN
if=dk,a] dqN xzaFk] dqN fed iqLrdsa eaxokdj geus gh xazFkky; esa j[khA ijarq vkxs pydj <sj lkjh fganh rFkk iatkch Hkkkh jktcanh
vk x, vkSj mu nks jkT;ksa dh dkQh iqLrdsa Hkh vkus yxhA
vaxszth iqLrdksa dh Hkjekj rks tSls jh<+ dh gM~Mh gh FkhA Lisalj dh nksuksa ehekalk,a] lektkkL= ds mlds lHkh [kaM] yxHkx lai w.kZ gcZVZ
Lisalj] fey] fxcu ds bfrgkl] ksDlih;j] feYVu] iksi ds lexz xazFk] vckV ds usiksfy;u] MkfoZu] gDLys] ghxsy] belZu dh izk;% lkjh
iqLrdsa ogka FkhA dkykZby] eSdkys] fcLekdZ] xSjhckYMh] eSftuh vkfn ds pfj=] bVyh] baXySaM] vesfjdk] fgnaqLFkku ds bfrgkl ij iz[;kr
xazFk] fMdsal] VkWYLVkW;] ksikV~dhu ds izk;% lHkh xazFk] foosdkuan rFkk jkerhFkZ ds lHkh xazFkksa dh rhu&rhu izfr;ka] VhLd ,oa uhRks ds
jktuhfrd fuca/k] IysVks dk ^fjifCyd*] ^LVsV*] ^dkWUVSDV* vkfn izkkluh;kkL=h; izkphu vkSj vR;k/kqfudksa es a ls uohu xzaFk] bl rjg
fdrus gh mkekske xazFk ogka jktcafn;ksa us laxzghr fd, FksA fFk;kslkWQh ds xzaFkksa dh Hkh deh ugha FkhA izFke mifjfufnZV xazFkksa esa jktuhfr
ls lacaf/kr izR;sd xazFk dks ysdj gesa >xM+s djus iM+s] rc dgha tkdj mudh izkfIr gks ldh FkhA ,d fodklfiz; Ik;Zos{kd dks NksM+dj
gekjk ;g xzaFkky; lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vka[k dh fdjfdjh cu pqdk Fkk] lHkh dh vka[kksa dks [kVd jgk FkkA fganqLFkku ls fdlh cM+s
vf/kdkjh ds vkrs gh ckjh jktuhfrd iqLrdksa dks fNikus dk izca/k djrk] vU;Fkk og tyh&dVh lqukrkA ijarq vkxs pydj og lcdqN
gte gks x;kA bruk gh ugha vfirq ;wjksih; vf/kdkjh Hkh xazFkky; esa viuh iqLrdsa j[kus yxs vkSj muesa ls Lo;a Hkh i<+us yxsA ,sls gh
,d vf/kdkjh us ,uh cslsaV ds vkRedFkk ls ysdj d`.kewfrZ ds êsjs xq:nso* rd fFk;kslkWQ h dh dbZ iqLrdsa nh FkhA bl lkjs xzaFkksa dk
geus ;RuiwoZd v/;;u fd;kA ,d Hkh xazFk gels vNwrk
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ugha jgkA dbZ xazFkksa dk ikjk;.k fd;k vkSj jktcafn;ksa esa ls vusd }kjk bfrgkl vFkZkkL=] kklukkL= fok;d iqLrdksa dk v/;;u
djok;kA muls fuca/k fy[kokrs] rkfd muds fopkj fodflr gksaA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] jfookj dh lHkk esa muds O;k[;ku
djokrsA ^LVsV* tSls dfBu xazFk nl&ikap tuksa dks laxfBr djds i<+krs] tSls egkfo|ky;ksa oxksZ esa i<+k;k tkrk gSA
lLad`r xazFkksa esa geus tks iqLrdsa] dkO; eaxok, Fks] cl mrus gh ogka FksA ksk ,dk/k iqLrd fdlh dh gks ;k u Hkh gksA ijarq vuwfnr
iqLrdksa esa Hkh vusd laLd`r xazFk ewy lfgr Nkis tkrsA lHkh ^mifukn~*] ^_Xosn]* ^jkek;.k*] êgkHkkjr*] ^czlw=*] ^lka[; lw=*]
^bZojpanz dh dkfjdk,a*] ^;ksxlw=* vkfn laLd`r xazFkksa dk ifjkhyu ogka ij fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
caxyk vFkok ejkBh] laLd`r] vaxszth] fganh] iatkch&fdlh Hkh Hkkkk dh ubZ iqLrd izdkfkr gksus dk lekpkj feyrs gh ;fn og egoiw.kZ
gks rks rqjar eaxokbZ tkrhA bl rjg ;|fi Lonskh; ukfM+;ksa ds Loj vfojy :i ls gekjs n; esa xwat jgs FksA foo ds izR;sd uo
fopkj dh ygj ge txn~cfgd`r fuokZflrksa dh eTtk&ihB ds rV dks LikZ fd, fcuk ugha jgrhA
jktcafn;ksa ds mPp fopkjksa dks xfr nsus ds fy, tc rd bl xazFkky; dk bruk fokky :i lkeus ugha vk;k Fkk rc rd ge ukukof/k
;qfDr;ka djrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d ckj lHkh ls ;gh izu fd;k fd iskokbZ ds vLr ds mijkar fganqLFkku esa tks ukeoj jkVh;
egkiq:k gq,] muds uke izR;sd O;fDr crk,A muesa ls var esa ,sls ckjg pqus tk,axs] ftUgsa lokZf/kd er izkIr gksaxsA lIrkg Hkj rd
;gh ppkZ Fkh] var esa ukekofy;ka vk xbZ] ijarq muesa lu~ 1857 ds kafrohjksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk uke Hkh fdlh dks ugha lw>kA jkVh;
iq:kksa esa lu~ 1857 dh kafr esa ls ,d us dsoy ,d gh uke lq>k;k& og Fkk y{ehckbZ dkA ksk yksxksa ds fnekx esa ;g uke Hkh ugha
vk;kA vr% ml bfrgkl ij geus dbZ ckj cSBdksa esa O;k[;ku] laokn rFkk O;fDrxr ppkZ dhA caxyk esa izdkfkr jtuhdkar dh ^flikgh
;q}* khkZd vuqfpr dSls gSA fdlh Hkh rjg og kafr;q} flikfg;ksa dk rks Fkk gh ughaA vkxs pydj gj dksbZ rkR;k rksi]s ukuk lkgc]
iskok] dqaoj flag] y{ehckbZ vkfn ukeksa dks tkuus yxkA FkkWel ,dasfil fyf[kr ^bfeVskal* gekjh fiz; iqLrd FkhA ^dqjku* dk vaxzsth
vuqokn igys i<+k] blds Ikpkr~ caxyk esa ljljh n`fV ls ns[kkA fganqLFkku ds rV ij igaqpus ij mlds ejkBh vuqokn ds iUus iyVsA
blds vfrfjDr vius eqlyeku fe= ds
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vfHkizk; ds vuq:i fd mls ewy esa i<+us ls mldk lgh Lokn feysxk] vr% mUgha ls muds leku gh ifo= eu ls ,dkxzfpr cSBdj
izR;sd iUuk i<+okdj rFkk mldk fganh vuqokn djokdj lqu fy;kA eksgEen vyh baX ySaM }kjk dqjku dks uwru ifpeh mius=ksa ls
ns[kdj fd;k gqvk vR;kf/kd vuqokn Hkh i<+ fy;kA ihNs fy[kk gh gS fd laiw.kZ ckbfcy nks ckj i<+k FkkA mifuknksa dk izeq[k nkksifuknksa
esa ls ,d&,d dks ysrs gq, ,d&,d eghuk muij jkr&jkr Hkj fparu&euu djrs okZ Hkj v/;;u fd;kA ^;ksxoflB* Hkh ,d ckj
lgt gh i<+us dks mBk;k vkSj mlesa bruk jl mRiUu gqvk vkSj ,slk yxk fd osnkar ij gekjs voyksdu esa vk, gq, xazFkksa esa bruk
lqanj xazFk fojyk gh gSA brus fujiokn fl}kar vkSj bruh lqanj dfork fd ftlds eq[k ls e/kqj Lojkas esa mu fl}krksa dk Jo.k fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj mlls eu rYyhu gksdj vkRek Hkh mudk Jo.k djus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr djrh gSA laLd`r dfo gh nkZu vkSj dkO; dk
bruk euksgj xBca/ku dj ldrs gSaA nsf[k, ^Hkxon~xhrk* dk foo:i nkZu vkSj dkO; v/;k; vFkok dkfynkl ds dkO;karxZr fo.kq
o.kZu dk yksd vFkok ^dqekjlaHko* ds varxZr ;s ljl opu& ^Lo;afo/kkrk ril% Qykuke~ dsukfi dk;su rippkj] * tks xxu ln`k
vukdyuh; O;kid vFkZ dks fdlh lqanj ljksoj ln`k yksd esa izfrfcafcr djrs gSaA
okLro esa dfork vkSj nkZu esa fojks/k gksuk vlaHko gh gSA dfork lqanjrk ij eksfgr gksrh gS] lqanjrk ogh tks fujiokn ifjiw.kZ gS vkSj
vkuan] mYykl iznku djrh gSA lR; ogh tks bafnz;] eu&cqf} ds fojks/k ds fy, jkh Hkj Hkh vodkk u nsrs gq, kadkdqy vkRek dks
fuLlansg rFkk laiw.kZ larksk esa Mkyus ds fy, ck/; djrk gSA ogh lek/kku&lekf/k dk lkSan;Z vkSj blhfy, dfork ogha ij ^daBs
Lo;axkz gfufkZdRckgq% gksdj vius dk;Z dh ije rqfV izkIr djrh gSA
osnkar fok;d ;s xazFk i<+rs le; ,d vuqHkwfr gesa ckj&ckj vo; gksrh Fkh fd kjhj dh ul&ul lejl] rYyhu fdar q <hyh iqu% deZ
ds ipM+s esa iM+us ls lkQ euk dj nsrhA deksZRlkg iwjh rjg ls lekIrizk; gksrkA ûSdE;Z flf}a ijek* ;s kCn lrr xquxquk, tkrsA
Lonsk lsok] ijksidkj] Hkwr n;k vkfn vR;qnkj Hkkkk Hkh {kf.kd vkSj yM+d[ksy izrhr gksrhA ;gh voLFkk HkwxHkZkkL= vFkok
T;ksfrkkkL=h; iqLrdsa i<+rs le;] ijarq fHkUu dkj.kok gksrhA bu kkL=karxZr dky rFkk izd`fr dh dVizn HkO;rk ns[kdj i`Foh vkSj
O;fDr dk thou rqPN lk gksdj fujkkkiw.kZ deZO;FkZrk gksrk vkSj nq%[k Hkh gksrk] ijarq osnkar ds lqanj fl}krksa ds vkuan esa deZ dh
O;FkZrk nq%[knk;h izrhr ugha gksrhA xqfM+;k ,d f[kykSuk gS] ;g tkuus ij gksusokyh grkkkoLFkk ml f [kykSus ds vkuan ls vuar xquk
vknannkf;uh og izR;{k l[kh feyus ls uV
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gksdj dekZsa dk Hkwlk Hkjh xqfM+;k dk R;kx lq[kdkjd gksrkA HkkSfrd kkL=ksa ls deZfo;ksx gksdj dV gksrkA osnkar ls deZR;kx dh bPNk
lq[kdkjd izrhr gksrhA dbZ ckj ;ksxokflBkfn xazFkksa dk iBu djrs&djrs gkFkksa esa /kjk jLlk gkFkksa esa gh jg tkrk vkSj eu bruk
deZijkM~eq[k gksrk fd ?kaVksa rd ;g lq/k&cq/k gh ugha jgrh fd bl nsg esa bafnz;ka gSa ;k ughaaA dne vkxs ugha c<+rs] izrhr gksrk fd
lcdqN NksM+ nsaA izpkj dk;Z Hkh ek= yM+d[ksy yxrkA var esa izd`fr izo`fk dks gBkr~] cyiwoZd LQqj.k nsdj dk;Z esa tqVkrhA
blds foijhr] bfrgkl vkSj HkkSfrdkkL= i<+rs jgus ls LokHkkfod dk;Z&ykylk dHkh&dHkh bruh iznhIr gksrh] egk;q} ds fganqLFkku ds
rkRdkfyd kafrdkjh vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa ds] :l ds tkj tSlksa ds flagklu pdukpwj gksus ds lekpkj dkuksa esa vkrs gh deZkfDr ;ksa BkBsa
ekjus yxrh fd ,d eqDds ls bl dkjkxkj dh nhokjsa feV~Vh esa feykdj iwokZsDr fganqLFkku dk ygjkrk gqvk og /ot mHkkjdj
ejus&ekjus ds {ks= esa rqjar dwn iM+saA
deZ vkSj fuf;rk dh ijLij fojks/kh fHkMa+r fjDr ekul ds [kqys eSnku ij bl rjg lrr pyrh jgrh fd mls ns[kdj dHkh&dHkh
vius vki ij gh galh vkrh] rFkkfi ;g Lfky muds leUo; dk fopkj djus ds fy, mfpr ugha gSA vr% ml ^rFkkfi* dks ;gka oSls gh
jksdrs gq, vxys o`kkar dk Jhx.ksk djuk gh mfpr gSA
dkjkx`g ds ckgj py xazFkky;
canhkkyk ds xazFkky; dk igys jktcanhokuksa }kjk gh mi;ksx gksrk] ijarq lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa Hkh dbZ fkf{kr canh gksrsA blds vfrfjDr
jktcafn;ksa ds laidZ ls mu yksxksa esa Hkh] ftUgksaus bu jktcafn;ksa ds ikl gh izkFkfedrk fk{kk laikfnr dh Fkh& dbZ bl rjg ds cqf}eku
fudys fd muesa bfrgklkfn mPp dksVh dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh ;ksX;rk ,oa mRdaBk mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA muds fy, fganh] ejkBh vkfn nskh
Hkkkkvksa esa ,d vPNk&[kklk xazFkky; [kksyuk vko;d FkkA ijarq dgka] dSls vkSj fdl ekxZ ls \ vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh i<+us ij
izfrca/k yx x;kA ,d ckj rackdw [kkuk] pqxfy;k [kkuk vkSj vU; cqjh yrksa dk Hkksx djuk lqyHk Fkk] ijarq nl tuksa }kjk laxfBr :i
esa pykbZ xbZ KkuktZu dh laLFkk [kqysvke Lfkkfir djuk vlaHko gks x;k FkkA vr% ihNs ftl laLFkk dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ml
vizdV laLFkk dh fuf/k ls cM+s&cM+s nskksa ds bfrgkl] vFkZkkL=] mke ,sfrgkfld miU;kl canhkkyk ds ckgj ds fganh vcanhoku
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds irs ij eaxokus dk mie tkjh j[kkA ;s iqLrdsa ,df=r u j[krs gq,
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dqN blds ikl rks dqN mlds ikl] bl rjg fo[ksjdj j[kha] ijarq pkykd ckjh cafn;ksa ls mUgsa ys ysrkA mu cafn;ksa }kjk] tks ckgj
vkrs&tkrs gSa] ^Lora=* tuksa esa tSls&tSls izpkj c<+rk x;k oSls&oSl s muds uke ij fganh&ejkBh ds izk;% lHkh izeq[k lekpkj&i= Hkh
eaxok, tkus yxsA ,sls canh dks] ftls Lonsk esa jgrs lekpkj&i= D;k cyk gksrh gS] bldk jkh Hkj Hkh Kku ugha Fkk&izFker% fu;e
cukdj lekpkj&i= i<+us ds fy, ck/; fd;k tkrkA varrksxRok muesa bruh :fp mRiUu gks xbZ fd lekpkj&i= vkrs gh mldk vius
gkFk esa vkuk gh nwHkj gks x;kA vr% dksbZ ,d pksjh&fNis i<+ ysrk vkSj nl yksx mls lqursA i= igys eSa i<+wa og ugha] bl rjg
gksusokys >xM+s ns[kdj gesa [kqkh gksrhA ^Hkkjr fe=*] îzrki*] ^dsljh* vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^lansk*A ^fp=e; txr*] ^ljLorh*] ^vk;Z xtV*]
^caxkyh*] îzHkkr*] bl rjg fdrus lkjs lekpkj&i= canhoku i<+us yxsA blds fy, db;ksa dks naM feyk] fdrus okWMZj ^VwV* x,] fdrus
canh&ys[kdksa dks fudky fn;k x;k] ijarq lekpkj&i=ksa dk canhkkyk dh rkykcan dksBfj;ksa esa i<+us ds fy, feyrs vkSj fQj vn`; gks
tkrs FksA blds vfrfjDr ckgj tks cM+s&cM+s Hkkjrh; vf/kdkjh Fks] muds fy, tks geus ,d jktuhfrd xazFkksa dh lwph rS;kj djds j[kh
Fkh] mlds vuqlkj os vaxszth vFkok nskh iqLrdsa ykdj i<+rsA lkS&ipkl :i;k osru izkIr djus okys gj vf/kdkjh ds il ?kj dk ,d
lqanj xazFkky; gksuk pkfg,& ;g gekjk vkxzg Fkk vkSj cgqrksa us mls iwjk fd;kA bVyh dk bfrgkl ij nk] jk; MsfoM dk cq}dkyhu
fganqLFkku] vkksdkfn pfj=&bl rjg ds iPphl&,d xzaFk mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gj rjg ds iz;Ru djds i<+ok, tkrsA bl canhkkyk ds
ckgjh xazFkky; dk ,d fojks/kh mi;ksx bl rjg gksus yxk fd canhkkyk fLFkr gekjs xazFkky; esa ftu iqLrdksa dks viBuh; vFkok Hk;adj
le>dj Hkhrj ugha vkus fn;k tkrk] mUgsa ge ckgjh xazFkky; ls eaxokrsA :lh iqLrdsa vkSj fokskr% os lekpkj&i=] ftudk canhkkyk
esa vkuk vR;ar nqyZHk Fkk& ckgj ds bl pyrs&fQjrs xazFkky; esa gh eaxok, tkrs vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ gLrs&ij&gLrs mUgsa vizdV :is.k
canhkkyk esa ykdj mu jktcafn;ksa dks i<+us ds fy, fn;k tkrk] tks vaxszth ugha tkurs Fks ;k vko;d gh gks tk, rks tkurs FksA
cafn;ksa dks i<+kus dk vU; ykHk ;g gqvk fd;k mUgsa lk/kkj.k i<+uk&fy[kuk] vadxf.kr vkrs gh vkSj nks&rhu vaxszth iqLrdsa lekIr gksrs
gh os êaqkh* gks ldrs
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FksA ml n`fV ls ,sls nskfgrSkh fganw canhoku tks gekjh fk{kk esa fuiq.k gks x, Fks&canhkkyk esa] dk;kZy; esa vkSj ckgj ds ftys esa ^ys[kd*
ds vkSj vU; canh&vf/kdkfj;ksa ds LFkku ij fu;qDr fd, x,A ml ;ksx ls mudk nSf gd dV rks nwj gqvk gh] mudh vaVh esa pkj iSls
Hkh vk x,A ijarq izpkj dh n`fV ls ,d egoiw.kZ ykHk ;g gqvk fd tSls&tSls vf/kdkjh in bu yksxksa ds gkFk esa] ftuesa lkoZtfud
vkLFkk dh dqN xa/k Fkh] vkrs x, oSls&oSls cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= mifuoskokyksa esa Lonskh ozr vkSj Lonskh i{k dk izpkj ifjof/kZr gksus ds
fy, mi;ksx gksus yxk vkSj mlls ljdkjh dkedkt esa dqN vuqfpr O;o/kku vk;k gh ughaA blds foijhr] cafn;kas esa nskfHkekukfn mnkk
Hkkoukvksa dk mn; gqvk vkSj muesa ekufld rFkk uSfrd lq/kkj gks tkus ls >xM+s de gksus yxs] tks fd izk;% O;luklfDr] u`kalrk]
nqVrk] ywVikV vkfn nqxZq.kkas ds dkj.k gksrs FksA mifuosk clkus dk tks eq[; /;s; ^cafn;ksa esa lq/kkj* ykuk Fkk] og Hkh FkksMk+ &cgqr iwjk
gksus yxkA bl iz;kl dks oLrqr% ljdkj dks gh izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg, Fkk vkSj okLro esa rks bl dk;Z ls lHkh dks larqV gksuk pkfg,
Fkk] ijarq m/kj ,sls gh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkjekj Fkh ftUgsa ^cafn;ksa dk lq/kkj* tSls /;s; dk Kku gh ugha Fkk vkSj ftudh ;gh /kkj.kk Fkh
fd dBksj&dM+k dke djokuk gh canh foHkkx dk ije drZO; gSA vr% ;g lc dk;Z yxHkx naMuh; gh le>s tkus dk Hk; Fkk] blhfy,
og vizdV :i ls djuk iM+rk FkkA
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izdj.k&2
vaneku esa kqf}

geus lu~ 1911 esa vaneku esa ikao j[kk FkkA mlds Ikpkr~ dqN gh eghuksa esa gesa Kkr gks x;k fd dqN fganw canh vaneku esa vkus ds
Ikpkr~ eqlyeku cu x, gSa vkSj mUgksaus vius uke Hkh cny Mkys gSaA ge mudh [kkst djus yxs fd ;g dSls gqvk\ ogka ds fganqvksa esa
fdlh dks Hkh blds laca/k esa dqN [kkl irk ugha pykA eSaus ns[kk] mudh jk; esa ;g ,d bruh ifjfpr ?kVuk gS fd mldh iwNrkN D;k
djukA oLrqr% vaneku esa vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ,dPN= leFkZ lkk gks us ls ogka muds gkFk esa fujk/kkj rFkk vukFk cus fganw cafn;ksa dks
bZlkbZ cuk, tkus dh vf/kd laHkkouk FkA lu~ 1857 rd dk;kZy;ksa esa gh ugha vfirq lsuk esa Hkh bZlkbZ /keZ dk izlkj djus ds fy,
vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vf/kd lqfo/kk,a nh tkrh FkhA ijarq lu~ 1857 ds kafr;q} dh izpaM Bksdj [kkus ds ckn dqYk feykdj ljdkjh
vf/kdkjh /keZ izlkj ds >esys esa vf/kd ugha iM+rs FksA ;|fi vHkh Hkh dqN ,slh tkfr;ksa ds ] ftuij vijk/kh jgrk gS rFkkfi vius
LokuqHko ls eSa ;g nlos ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fd dkjk&laLFkkvksa dk mi;ks x fganqvksa dks HkzV djus ds fy, dHkh ugha fd;k tkrkA
dgha&dgha bZlkbZ izpkjd izkFkZuk ds fy, vkrk gS] ijarq mldh izkFkZuk ij tkus ds fy, fdlh ij Hkh dgus yk;d l[rh dHkh ugha cjrh
tkrhA fNViqV vidkj ds O;fDrxr out dk nq:i;kssx djrs gq, Hkh ugha gqvkA bl fNViqV vidkj dk ,d mnkgj.k gesa Lo;a
lqy>kuk iM+kA mldk fooj.k vkxs vk,xkA ijarq vaneku ds fganw cafn;ksa dks MkaV&MiV ls] ?kwl[kksjh ls vFkok lrr minsk dk >a>V
yxkdj bZlkbZ cukus ds mnkgj.k pkSng cjlksa ds gekjs vuqHkoksa esa pkj Hkh ugha gSA
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vaneku esa fganw canhoku ftl bZlkbZ kklu ds gRFks iM+s Fks] ml izkklu }kjk mu ij viuk /keZ Fkksius dk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk
vU;k;;qDr iz;Ru ugha gqvk( ysfdu ;g fdrus vkp;Z dh ckr gS fd bu fganw cafn;ksa dh rjg mlh canh }hi esa vok vkSj grkk iM+s
eqlyeku canh vius lg&cafn;ksa dks HkzV djds mUgsa eqlyeku cukus ds fy, mu ij cykRdkj djrs] mu ij vR;kpkj djrs] mUgsa
cgdkus dk iz;kl djrs vkSj og bZlkbZ izkklu] tks Lo/keZ izlkjkFkZ Lo;a fdlh izdkj dh ihM+k ugha nsrk Fkk] ij/kehZ; eqlyekuksa }kjk
fganqvksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa dh mis{kk djrkA o;Ld cafn;ksa dh ckr NksM+ nsa rks ftu NksVs] de mez ckydksa dks dkysikuh ij vFkok
dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tkrk gS] muds kjhj dh] LokLF; dh] muds uknku gksus ds dkj.k ljdkj tSlh fpark djrh gS] mlh rjg mudh
vkRek ,oa /keZ dh fpark djuk vkSj de&ls&de rc rd] tc rd os le>nkj mez ds ugha gks tkrs] muds /keZ dk ikyu&iksk.k djuk]
vKku dh laifr dh j{kk djuk ,d egoiw.kZ lkoZtfud drZO; gSA ijarq dkjk&laLFkk esa og loZFkk nqyZf{kr gksrk gS] vaneku dh ckr
NksfM+,] fganqLFkku ds Hkh izk;% lHkh dkjkxkjksa esa fganw cafn;ksa vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk eqlyekuksa cuk, tkus dk dk;Z gksrk jgrk gSA pkSng okksZa
ds vuqHkoksa vkSj bl elys ij fu;a=.k djus dk vVwV iz;kl djrs le; fcYdqy ckjhdh ls iwjh tkudkjh izkIr dj ysus ds Ikpkr~ ge
;g LiV fo/kku djrs gSa fd dkjk&laLFkk dh ;g efLtn fganqvksa dks izfrokZ ftruk /keZHkzV djrh gS] mruk fnYyh vFkok cacbZ dh tkek
efLtn Hkh ugha djrhA
laxfBr iz;klksa ls fganqvksa dks /kks[ks esa ykusokys glu futkeh ds Kkr tky ls dkjk&laLFkk dh bl vn`; efLtn dk og vKkr tky
de Hk;adj ugha gS] tks gtkjksa fganqvksa dks lgt gh vkt rd /keZHkzV djrk vk;k gSA
cacbZ vkfn uxjkas ds eqlyekuh pksj&vM~Mksa esa ;g fof/k viukbZ tkrh gS&dkjk&laLFkk fLFkr bl eqlyekuh HkzVhdj.k dh dksbZ laxfBr
;kstuk ugha gSA mlds dksbZ vf/kd`r pkyd vFkok izsjd Hkh ugha gSaA izR;sd eqlyeku dks cpiu ls gh ;g ea= ?kqV~Vh esa fiyk;k tkrk gS
fd rqe vk/kk&iwjk tSlk Hkh gks] dkfQj dks eqlyeku cukrs jgksA blls bl yksd esa rqEgkjk lEeku c<+ tk,xk] ijyksd esa ikiksa dh {kek
gksxh vkSj rqEgsa LoxhZ; vIljkfn Hkksx izkIr gksaxAs bl izdkj dh fk{kk ls dkjk&laLFkk ds bl eqlyekuh HkzVhdj.k dks ewy izsj.kk feyrh
gSA mls izFke O;Dr Lo:I cacbZ] dydkk] fnYyh] ykgkSj] enzkl vkfn egkuxjksa esa muds mu vM~Mksa esa izkIr gksrk gS]
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tgka eqlyekuh pksj&Mkdqvksa dh Vksfy;ksa dk fopj.k gksrk gSA mu eqlyekuh cafn;ksa esa jgdj tks pksjh] Mkdstuh vkfn iki djrs gSa vkSj
naM Hkqxrrs gSa&mudh eukso`fk dk ftUgsa Kku gS] os bl ckr dks rqjar Lohdkj djsaxs fd fganqvksa ds ?kj dh gqbZ pksjh vFkok fganw xkaoksa
vFkok O;kikfj;ksa ij Mkyk gqvk Mkdk&eqlyekuh vM~Mksa esa {kE; ekuk tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha] og izkaluh; Hkh le>k tkrk gSA geus
,sls ekSyoh ns[ks gSa] tks bl rjg ds vijkf/k;ksa dk fujijk/k le>rs gSaA bl izdkj dh euksofk ds bl O;olk; dks viuk, gq, os
vkrrk;h yksx vius /keZ dh e|iku fuks/k] izkFkZuk] nku vkfn izk;% lHkh vkKkvksa dks iSjksa rys dqpyrs gSaA ;g ugha fd tks fga nqvksa ds
?kj pksjh djrs gSa os eqlyeku ds ;gka ugha djrsA vkilh oSeuL; ds dkj.k mudh gtkjksa gR;k,a gksrh gSaA ijarq bu lHkh ikiksa ds
izk;fpkLo:i mifjfufnZV tks ,d lqyHk /keZfof/k mUgsa ckY;koLFkk esa i<+kbZ tkrh gS fd rqe dkfQj dks eqlyeku cukvks] ,slh voLFkk
esa mls og cM+s lqfo/kktud <ax ls dj ldrk gSA ugha] og fof/k&laiUu djuk] muds bl pksjh] Mkds] Bxh vkfn ykSfdd O;olk;kFkZ
vR;ko;d gksrk gSA ftUgsa cacbZ tSlh egkuxjh ds pksjksa ds vM~Mksa dh tkudkjh gS] mUgsa Kkr gS fd bu yksxksa ds Hkh egar gksr s gSaA os
vR;ar fkV rFkk ekuuh; O;olk; djrs gq, lk>s esa nqdku pykrs gSaA muds vf/kdkj esa fuR; ukSflf[k;k cPps [kVrs gSaA bu cPpksa dks
mudh izfk{kk ds vuqlkj tscdrjs dh igyh d{kk ls] f[kM+dh rksM+us dh nwljh d{kk rd] frtksjh rksM+us dh rhljh d{kk ls /kedkdj
[kqYye[kqYyk Mkdw&yqVsjksa dh pkSFkh d{kk rd vkSj var esa Mkdstuh dh Vksyh esa lekfoV gksus dh ikapoha d{kk esa c<+ksrjh feyrh gSA
dkjkx`g esa tkuk gks rks bUgha cPpksa dks Hkstk tkrk gSA egar lkekU;r;k vius LFkku ij vfMx jgrs gSa] u os dHkh fdlh ds >kals esa
vkrs gSaA ;g LiV funsZk gksrk gS fd bl fo|kihB esa u, fjwV dh Hkjrh vfojy :i ls gksuh pkfg,A
pksjksa ds vM~Ms ;fn fganqvksa ds gSa rks feyrs gSa rks muesa vukFk] daxys fganw cPps ftl rjg feyrs gS] mlh rjg dqN eqlyeku d lkFk
[kku&iku er djA eqlyeku ds fganwdj.k dh dYiuk og dHkh ugha dj ldrkA vr% fganw egarksa ds vM~Ms ij eqlyeku cPps cjken
Hkh gq, rks os pksj] ikth] yQaxs cusaxs] tsc dkVsaxs( ijarq eqlfye /keZ ls P;qr gksus dk mUgsa Hk; ugha gksrkA blds foijhr] muds lkFk
dHkh&dHkkj] ykpkjh ls gh D;ksa u gks] [kku&iku djrs gq, fganw ega r gh eqlyeku cudj ifrr gks tkrs gSaA ijarq eqlyekuh egarksa ds
vM~Ms esa vukFk] daxky] vkokjk fganw ckyd tks feyrs gSa mudh voLFkk mifjfufnZV ?kVuk ls loZFkk foijhr gksrh gSA mUgsa pksjh djuk
lh[kuk iM+rk gS] iki djus iM+rs gSa] dkjkx`g esa lM+uk iM+rk gS vkSj lkFk gh vius fganw /keZ ls P;qr Hkh gksuk
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iM+rk gS] D;kasfd pksjh&pdkjh djrs le; izlaxkuqlkj muds [kku&iku] fk[kkdrZu] nk<+h vkfn lHkh ukVd djus iM+rs gSaA ijarq bl
izdkj mu fganw ckydksa dks ,d&nks ckj vHk{; djokdj vFkok mldh jksVh ds VqdM+ksa dks LikZ djds vFkok eqlyekuh uke nsdj iqfyl
dh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksadus ds fy, mldh pksVh dkVdj vkSj lqUur djokus ds ,d&,d dk;Z ls og fganw ckyd Lo;a le>us yxrk gS fd
og eqlyeku cu x;k gSA mlds ?kj esa mls fk{kk gh bl rjg nh tkrh gS fd Nwr&Nkr ls vifo= jksVh ds VqdM+s esa vFkok eqlyeku
ds lkFk Hkkstu djrs le; vaxqyh ds LikZ esa rqEgkjs lai.w kZ fganw /keZ dks xaokus dh kfDr gSA bl izdkj krkf/kd fganw ckyd vkSj ;qod
fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj u gksrs gq, cacbZ tSls egkuxjksa esa pksj&Mkdqvksa ds vM~Mksa esa xqIr :i ls eqlyeku cu jgs gSaA muds
eqlyeku ds lkFk [kku&iku dk lekpkj feyrs gh mUgsa tkr ls [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ekSyoh&egar muls dgrs gSa] ^vc rqe
eqlyeku cu x, gks] vc flQZ uekt+ i<+ks] lqUur djokvksA Qykus eqlyeku dh csVh ls rqEgkjk fudkg djok nsrs gSaA* mu egarksa ds
vM~Mksa ij bu mpDds ;qodksa dh rjg mPkDdh cktk: yM+fd;ka Hkh ykj Vidkrh gSaA bl rjg fganqvksa ds cPps eqlyeku pksjksa ds vM~M s
ij ikao j[krs gh viuk fganw /keZ [kks cSBrs gSaA ;g ckr ml eqlyekuh vM~Ms ds egarksa dks gh ugha] vfirq mu cnekk cPpksa dks Hkh]
ftUgsa budks Qalkus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] Kkr jgrh gS vkSj os th&tku ls bu fganw cPpksa dks /keZHkzV djus dk gsrwiwoZd iz;kl
djrs gSa] D;ksafd tSlk ij dgk x;k gS] muds iki dekZsa esa bu fganw ckydksa }kjk lgk;rk gh feyrh gSA mUgsa ml ijykSfdd naM ls
eqfDr feyrh gS] tks mUgsa bl iki ds fy, feyusokyk FkkA bruk gh ugha] mudh vVwV fuBk gksrh gS fd ,d dkfQj dks eqlyeku
cukus ds iq.; dk dqN&u&dqN iqjLdkj rks vo; gh feysxkA
uxjksa ds pksj vM~Mksa ls tks cp fudyrs gSa os canhx`g esa eqlyekuh HkzVhdj.k ds fkdkj curs gSa dkjkx`gksa esa ik, tkusokys /keZHkzV
fganqvksa esa dqN yksx ,sls yksx ,sls gksrs gSa] ftUgsa mifjfufnZV ekxZ ls /keZHkzV fd;k tkrk gSA ijarq dqN yksx canhx`g esa vkus ls igys
gh /keZHkzV gks tkrs gSa] ftUgsa vkosk esa gR;k ds vijk/k esa naM feyrk gS] vFkok tks eqlyeku pksjksa ds vM~Mksa esa cjken u gksdj
fganqvksa ds pksj&vM~Mksa esa cjken gksrs gSa vFkok vU; vijk/kkFkZ [ksrh&ckM+h ds >xM+ksa] ekjihV vkfn esa nafMr gksrs gSaA muesa Hkh iPphl
cjl ds vanj ds rFkk fdkksj&o;Ld ckyd gh vf/kd la[;k esa /keZHkzV gksrs gSaA ijh fooj.k ds vuqlkj cacbZ ds vM~Mksa ds egarksa esa
tks eqlyeku egar var esa naM fo/kku ffeuy ykW dh dSaph esa Qaldj dkjkx`g esa vkrs gSa] os canhkkyk esa
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Hkh bl rjg ds u, fganw ;qodksa ij n`fV j[krs gSa( D;ksafd ogha ij os pksjh ds izFke ;k vkxs ds ikB i<+dj eqlyeku curs gSa vkSj ogh
cPps muds nqV O;olk; ds fy, mi;ksxh gksdj cacbZ vkkfn egkuxj fLFkr vM~Mksa esa lekfoV fd, tkrs gSaA eqlyeku cukus ds bl
iz;kl dks canhx`g esa ukSdjh djusokys eqlyeku flikgh Hkh dHkh&dHkh gLrs&ij&gLrs lgk;rk nsrs gq, ik, tkrs gSaA ijarq eqlyeku
cafn;ksa esa ls tks okWMZj] isVh vQlj vkfn canhoku vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSa] os uCcs izfrkr fganqvksa dks MkaV&MiV vkfn laHko
mik;ksa ls /keZHkzV djus esa jkh Hkj Hkh dlj ugha NksM+rsA
fganqLFkku fLFkr izk;% lHkh dkjkx`gksa esa tc ;gh fLFkfr ikbZ tkrh gS rks vaneku dh rks iwfN, gh ughaA m/kj rks igys ls gh /kekZa/k vkSj
ikiijk;.k iBku] cywph vkfn eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa ls okWMZj vkfn vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA muesa Hkh jktuhfrd cafn;ksa esa ls
okWMZj vkfn vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA muesa Hkh jktuhfrd nafMr fganw gh gksus ds dkj.k teknkjkfn ds Lfkkuksa ij eqlyekuksa dks gh
fu;qDr djus dh dV~Vj ifjikVh FkhA iwokZ/kZ esa bldk FkksM+k&cgqr fnXnkZu gks gh pqdk gS fd ;s yksx fganqvksa dks dBksj dkeks a esa tqVkdj]
dBksj naM dk gkSok fn[kkdj] lrr lR;klR; vfHk;ksx pykdj mUgsa rax djrs vkSj LiV :i esa ;g dgrs fd ^gels ;fn fiaM NqM+kuk
pkgrs gks rks eqlyeku cu tkvks*A vYio;Ld rFkk grkk fganqvksa dks eqlyeku /keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, os fdl rjg ck/; djrs gSa]
bldk fooj.k FkksMk+ &cgqr igys vk;k gh gSA tSl&s tSls ;g lkjk rEkkkk gekjh n`fV esa vkus yxk] oSl&s oSls ge lkspus yxs fd bldk
dqN&u&dqN izfrdkj djuk gh gksxkA gj eghus&i[kokM+s de&ls&de ,dk/k fganw xqipqi fganqvksa dh iafDr ls mBdj eqlyekuksa dh iafDr
esa Hkkstu djrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrkA ;g fLFkfr gesa nqLlg izrhr gksrhA ijarq ge Bgjs dksBjhcanA gesa le> ugha vk jgk Fkk fd fd;k
D;k tk,\ vU; fganw cafn;ksa ds eu esa FkksMk+ vkosk mRiUu dk iz;kl djus yxs rks geus ns[kk fd mUgsa bl ckr ls dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha
FkkA gj dksbZ dgrk] êq>s blls D;k\*
eqlyekuksa dk fojks/k
vKkuh fganqvksa d ckr NksfM+,] ijarq jktuhfrd canhokuksa esa Hkh bl eqlyekuhdj.k esa ck/kk Mkyus dk lkgl dbZ yksxksa esa ugha gks ldkA
,d rjg ls og {kE; Hkh FkkA mudh lgukhyrk vkf[kj fdruk ruko lgsxh\ nsk esa vFkd ifjJe djds Hk;adj naM Hkqxrrs gq, os
dkjkxkjksa esa lM+ jgs Fks] vkSj vc dkjkx`g esa Hkh lHkh ls VDdj ys rs gq, vkSj vf/kd dVizn voLFkk esa iM+us ;ksX; nSfgd kfDr rks
euq; ds ikl gksuh pkfg, u! mudk cks> os <ks gh jgs FksA okLro esa nwljs dke
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nwljs yksxksa dks djus pkfg, FksA vr% jktcafn;ksa esa dqN ;g dgrs fd jgus Hkh nks] ;g u;k ipM+kA mu wj] djky iBkuh teknkj]
goynkjksa ls fHkMa+r u gksrs gq, Hkh thuk gjke gS] mlesa mudh /kekZa/krk dk izfrjks/k djds mudk jksk vius ij dkSu ys\ ,d n`fV ls
mudk rdZ LokHkkfod gh FkkA ijarq blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd mu nks&pkj yksxksa dk vkpj.k fuanuh; Fkk] tks bl lR; dks izkatyrk ls
Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fks fd vf/kd dV lgus dh muesa kfDr ugha gS] cfYd ;g izfrikfnr djrs fd eqlyekuksa ds
HkzVhdj.k dk izfrdkj djus dk iz;kl gh fuiV ew[kZrk gS vkSj bl cgkus ls os viuh dk;jrk ,oa Hkh:rk dks <duk pkgrs FksA mueas
dqN yksx rks eqlyeku teknkj dks izlUu djus ds fy, bl rjg fuR; vkHkkl djkrs gq, dky;kiu djrs fd os Hkh kh/kz gh eqlyeku
/keZ Lohdkjus dk fopkj dj jgs gSaA fQj vU; fganqvksa dks mudh vka[kksa ds lkeus HkzV fd, tkrs le; mldk izfrdkj djus dh ckr
fdlfy,\
eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izlUu djus vkSj ;g izfrikfnr djus dh fd viuh Hkh:rk gh cqf}ekuh gS] vxyh lh<+h ;g Fkh fd vkxs tc
eqlyekuh paxy
q ls fganw yksxksa dks NqMk+ us ds fy, >xM+s gksrs rc rc bl izofk ds yksx >xM+usokys fganw yksxksa dks ikxy dgrs gq,
eqlyeku tkenkjksa dks izlUu djrs vkSj fganqvksa ls dgrs] ^vjs HkkbZ] dSlh HkzVrk vkSj kqf}\ bl rjg ds ;s ifrr vijk/kh uhp yksx
fganw lekt esa jgsa ;k u jgsa] dksbZ varj ugha iM+rkA muds fganw gksus ls D;k ykHk\ tks Hk; ds ekjs ;k iSls ds fy, eqlyeku curs gSa]
mUgsa cukus dk dke dsoy cpiuk gSA* lqifjaVsaMasV] ckjh] dfeuj vkfn vaxzst vf/kdkjh Hkh gels ;gh dgrsA <ksaXkh] eDdkj] diVh
eqlyeku Hkh gesa ;gh ikB i<+kuk pkgrs FksA kqf}dj.k ij ;g vk{ksi vkt Hkh Lo/kehZ; lPps ijarq Hkksys yksxksa }kjk yxk, tkrs gSa] u
fd ij/kehZ; ik[kafM;ksa }kjkA vr% muesa fLFkr dqrdZ dk rfud foospu fd, fcuk ikBd Bhd rjg ls bl ckr ij xkSj ugha dj ldsaxs
fd ml le; vaneku esa ,slh dkSu lh Hkkouk vkSj fopkj izpfyr Fks] tks gesa kqf}dj.k dk ;g dk;Z gkFk esa ysus ds fy, izo`k dj
jgs FksA
kqf}dj.k [ksy ugha
fganw lket esa tuesa ifrrksa] yqPpksa rFkk vijkf/k;ksa dks fo/keZ esa tkus ls jksdus ds iz;kl djuk ;fn cpiuk gS rks vkt eqlyeku yksx
gtkjksa cjlksa ls ;q} djds Hkh fgnwa ifrrksa] yqPpksa rFkk vijkf/k;ksa dks eqlyeku cukus dk cpiuk D;ksa dj jgs gSa \ eqlyeku /keksZaRek
gSa] Bhd! Ijarq ;s lqK] Lora=] fopkjh ;wjksfi;u vkSj vesfjdu yk[kksa :i, bdV~Bk djds [kpZ djds fganqLFkku ds fiNM+s xkaoksa esa gh ugha]
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vfirq ?kus taxyksa esa cls gq, ifrr gh ugha] ikq leku ccZj] taxyh fganqvksa dks tks bZlkbZ cukus ds fy, Ny&cy] yksHkkfn ds lk/kuksa ls
vFkd iz;kl djrs vk, gSa] og Hkh cpiuk gh gS D;k\ ,sls yksHkh] nqV yksx fganw lekt esa Hkh gksa] rks D;k ykHk\ muds ,sls rdZ ij
gekjk dguk gS fd buds eqlyeku lekt esa vFkok bZlkbZ lekt esa tkus ls Hkh D;k ykHk\ ij/kfeZ;ksa ls ge iwNrs gSA fd vki yksx
bruk vkdkk&ikrky D;ksa ,d dj jgs gSa\ tks ifrr] nqV gSa] os gesa oSls gh Lohdkj gSaA vki vius eksgEenh; vkSj bZlkb;ksa ds ifo=
dqyksa esa mUgsa ?kLkhVdj viuh ifo=rk D;ksa dyafdr rFkk HkzV dj jgs gSa \ bl cpiusa ds fy, yk[kksa :i, ikuh dh rjg cgkdj mldk
vkjaHk gh er djks] rkfd fganqvksa dks Hkh kqf}dj.k dk dk;Z dj bl yM+diu esa Hkkxh gksus dk eksg u gksA ijarq ;fn ;g cpiuk ugha
gS vkSj ;fn vkidk ;g dguk gks fd gtkjksa lezkV~] lk/kq] /keZ&izorZd vkSj fHk{kq djksM+ksa :i;ksa dks Lokgk djrs gq, foo ij
viuh&viuh laLd`fr rFkk /keZ dk flDdk tekus ds fy, lfn;ksa ls Hkjld psVk dj jgs gSa] rks fQj ftu&ftu fganqvksa dks blij
fookl gS fd mudh laLd`fr vkSj /keZ foo Hkj esa izpkfjr gksus ls foo dk vafre dY;k.k vf/kd lqyHkrkiwoZd rFkk fup;iwoZd
lk/; gksxk] muds kqf}dj.k ds iz;kl Hkh vkidks mrus gh U;k; rFkk xaHkhj izrhr gksus pkfg,A
ifrrks}kj dh foksk vko;drk

;fn vki fganqvksa dks] fQj pkgs
tSls Nqjh dh uksad ij /keZHkzV
rjg ge fganw Hkh viuk lekt
tkrh; thou dh cfy u p<+kbZ
os fdrus gh ifrr vkSj uhp D;ksa u gksa] yksHk] dke] O;lu dk izyksHku fn[kkdj ;k gekjs ekSyoh lkgc
djrs gSa] og vki viuk lekt ,oa la[;kcy c<+kus ds fy,] ,sfgd ykHkkFkZ gh HkzV djrs gSa rks mlh
vkSj la[;kcy c<+kus vkSj blfy, fd viuh laLd`fr {kh.krj u gks vkSj vU; tkfr;ksa ds lkeus vius
tk,&HkzV fd, x, fganqvksa dk kqf}dj.k djrs gSa fQj Hkys gh os ifrr] uhp D;ksa u gksaA
D;ksafd og O;fDr] ftls /keZHkzV djus ds fy, vki ,M+h&pksVh ,d djrs gSa] nqV vFkok e|ih vFkok ifrr Hkh gks] ijarq xgjkbZ ls
fopkj djsa rks vkius bl
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Lkekftd lR; dks igpkudj Le`fr esa j[kk gS fd O;fDr dks vius uke ls] cy ls tSl&s rSls eqlyekuh vFkok bZlkbZ /keZ esa Bwaldj j[kk
rks mldh larfr ckY;kdky ls vkidh laLd`fr esa gh iyh&c<+h gksus ds dkj.k eu ls iDdh bZlkbZ vFkok eqlyeku gksdj vki esa ls
lq;ksX;] cfyB ,oa mi;qDr ukxfjdksa dh la[;k ifjof/kZr djsxh] D;ksafd ,slk dksbZ fu;e ugha fd nqV] e|eh ,oa eDdkjksa dh larfr Hkh
eDdkj gh gksrh gksA baXySaM us dukMk vkSj vkWLVsfy;k }hiksa esa ,sls gh fudEesa vkSj HkzV yksx HkstsA vkt baXySaM ds mUgha gR;kjs] pksj]
Mkdw] vijkf/k;ksa ds mu }hikarfjr ifrrksa ds oaktksa us dukMk vkSj vkWLVsfy;k esa Lora= jkV ,oa jkT; izLFkkfir fd, gSaA fganw lekt
dh xanxh] dhpM+] dqM+k&djdV vkSj ryNV Hkh vki QkoM+s&lksus ds QkoM+s& ls tks fujarj [khapdj ckgj fudky jgs gSa] og cl
blhfy, fd fdlku dh rjg vkidks ml eSys rFkk ryNV ds mi;ksx dk Kku gS fd ;fn mlds [kkn dk oSKkfud <ax ls mi;ksx fd;k
tk, rks vkxkeh okksZa esa vkids [ksr vukt dh thounk;h lqugjh ckfy;ksa ls ygygkus yxsaxsA
vkSj bl ro ijfopkj djrs gq, fd pkgs og fganw uhp gks] pksj&mpDdk gks] VqPpk&eDdkj gks] vK gks] ijarq ik= fganw gksus ls mls
ij/keZ esa tkus ugha fn;k tk, vkSj ;fn og pyk Hkh x;k rks mls iqu% kq}hdj.k d lkFk fganw lekt esa okil yk;k tk,A blfy,
kqf}dj.k&lsuk us dej dlh gSA D;ksafd og pksj Hkys gh gks& fganw laLd`f r ds fy, fganw&pksj eqlyeku pksj ls de gkfudkjd gSA fganw
pksj dsoy pksjh djsxk] eafnj ugha rksM+sxk] u gh ewfrZ rksM+sxk] u osnksa dks tyk,xkA eqlyeku pksj pksjh djsxk gh] ijarq tkrs &tkrs
nsoewfrZ;ksa dks rksM+sxk vkSj ;FkklaHko de&ls&de ,d ^dkfQj* ds flj ij dsoy blfy, fd og dkfQj gS] MaMk cjlkdj LoxZ esa ml
pksjh ds iki iz{kkyukFkZ ygw djuk ugha NwV jgk] e| ihuk ugha NwV jgk ;k og yksHk ugha NksM+ jgk] rks Hkh fpark ughaA fQj Hkh fganwRo
NksM+uk mfpr ugha gSA fganw cus jgus ds fy, ifrrksa dks rS;kj djuk fganw laLd`fr ,oa tkrh; thou dh n`fV ls vko;d gS&;fn fl}
gksrk gSA
ijarq kqf}dj.k dk vkanksyu pksj&mpDdksa esa Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A blds fy, mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd egoiw.kZ vkSj leqf pr
dkj.k gSA
pksjh kqf}dj.k dk vkanksyu pksj&mPpdksa esa Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A blds fy, mi;ZqDr dkj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd egoiw.kZ vkSj leqfpr
dkj.k gSA
pksjh djuk NksM+ ldks rks vPNk gh gS] ijarq og ugha NqV lds rks de&ls&de fganw pksj cudj gh jgks] D;ksafd pksjh djuk u NksM+u k
iki vo; gS] rFkkfi fganw u jguk rks ml iki ls Hkh lkS xquk ?kksj jkVh; ,oa lkekftd iki gS] uSfrd iki rks vo; gS ghA
de&ls&de ;g iki rks er djksA bl rjg ge izR;sd fganw euq;
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dks] fQj og fdruk gh jn~nh D;ksa u gks] ,slk dgsaA blds fy, dej dluh gksxh] D;ksafd ,sls gh ^csdkj* ca/kqvksa dks gekjs iwoZtksa us
viuh ifo=rk ds ?keaM esa ij/keZ esa tkus fn;k fd eq>s blls D;k\ ftldk /keZ mlds ikl&og nks dkSMh+ dk gS\ tkus Hkh nksA bl rjg
vDy dk vth.kZ gksdj vkRe?kkr dh /kkj.kk cuus ls mUgsa xaok fn;kA nsf[k,] mldk ifj.kke D;k gqvkA ml ,d&,d csdkj euq; dks
ij/keZ esa Qsad nsus ls vkt lkS okksZa ds ckn ml cht ls fganw /keZ] laLd`fr ,oa lekt ds krkf/kd dV~Vj k=q mRiUu gks x,A vkSjaxtsc
,d jktiwr ukjh dh blh rjg dh csdkj dks[k ls mRiUu gqvk FkkA ekykckj ds ;s eksiys vk/ks ls vf/kd jDr&ekal&cht ls ewy fganqvksa
ds oakt gSaA ijarq D;k vc muesa ;g igpku ksk gS fd mudh ekrk dkSu gS \ ;g Hk;adj varj mu eqlyeku ekSyfo;ksa ds ml
^cpiu* dk ifj.kke gS] ftUgksaus mu ewy fganqvksa dh pksVh cyiwoZd dkVdj nk<+h j[kh FkhA
cM+ksa dk cpiuk
og pkgs cM+ksa dk cpiuk gh D;ksa u gks vksj uke ls gh lgh] ij fdruk Hkh uhp ;k fu:I;ksxh D;ksa u gks] mls fganwRo dh Js.kh es a
j[kus ds fy, ge th&rksM+ iz;kl djsA cpius dk og [ksy u [ksyus ls vkt fganw laLd`fr ij ekjd vk?kkr djusokys ekykckj ds
naxs54 ;gka&ogka HkM+duk kq: gks x;kA og yM+d[ksy nk<+h eqM+k pksVh j[kus] eqlyeku vFkok bZlkbZ uke cnydj fganw uke j[kus vFkok
dsoy rqylh&i= nsdj fganw cuus dh gkeh Hkjokus dk yM+d[ksy vc T;sBksa dks Hkh [ksYkuk gh gksxkA uhp] nafMrksa] ikfi;ksa dks muds fy,
u lgh] ij blfy, fd mldh larku fganqRo ls oafpr u gks] fganw lekt esa lekfoV dj ysus ds fy, iz;Rukhy jguk vR;ar vko;d
gSA lkekftd n`fV ls vkSj ikjykSfdd n`fV ls Hkh ;g iz;kl gksuk pkfg,A vkSj dkSu dg ldrk gS fd vkids ml vgadkj ls tks
gR;kjs] pksj] mpDds dks u`kal] ikih le>rk Fkk] Hkfo; esa dksbZ okYehdh iSnk ugha gksxk] fganqvksa dks rFkk vf[ky foo dks ,sls gh ,d
misf{kr gR;kjs] pksj] Mkdw us migkjLo:i jkek;.k nh gqbZ gSA blhfy, mUgsa mYkVk&lh/kk gh lgh] ijarq jke uke tius nhft,A muls
tki djokb,] blls dY;k.k gh gksxkA
bl rjg lqnwj fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj ge ml dBksj dkjkx`g rFkk mifuosk esa Hkh fganqvksa rFkk jktcafn;ksa ls dgus yxs] ^mu ifrrksa dks
Hkh] tks pksj] Mkdw rFkk gR;kjs gSa] eqlyekuh /keZ ds fkdats ls eqDr djus ds fy, iz;kl djus gksaxAs * mi;qZDr okD; Ng&lkr okksZa rd
gekjs gksaBksa ij fFkjdrs jgs FksA lu~ 1913 esa vFkkZr~ vaneku
54
bu naxksa ij lkojdj us êq>s blls D;k* vFkkZRk~ êksiyksa dk fonzksg* khkZd miU;kl fy[kk gSA
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esa tkus ds Ms<+&nks cjlksa ckn geus eqlyekuksa ij] tks fganqvksa dks /keZHkzV djus ij rqys Fks] igyk vfHk;ksx pyk;kA igyk izfrdkj
fd;kA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftUgksaus gekjh lgk;rk djus dh rRijrk fn[kkbZ vkSj ftu fganw ca fn;ksa us bl vkanksyu esa /khjs&/khjs mRlkgiwoZd
Hkkx ysuk izkjaHk fd;k] mUgha ds lg;ksx ls kqf}dj.k dk ;g vkanksyu geus yxHkx lu~ 1920&21 rd] vFkkZr~ vaneku ls fganqLFkku ds
dkjkx`g esa vkus rd] lrr pyk;k FkkA fganqLFkku vkus ds Ikpkr~ ;gka ds canhx`g esa Hkh mls ugha NksM+kA bl dkj.k dbZ ckj eqlyekuh
xaqMksa us ge ij kkjhfjd vk?kkr djus] gesa tku ls ekjus ds kM~;a= jps] iz;kl fd,] canhx`gksa esa naxs gq,A ,d ckj gekjs ca/ kq ij
eqlyeku xaqMs VwV iM+s vkSj mUgsa ?kk;y dj fn;k FkkA ijarq og vkanksyu :dk ughaA bl vkanksyu ds dkj.k vaneku esa u, fganw dks
/keZHkzV djuk yxHkx valHko gks x;kA ijarq iwoZ esa HkzV fganqvksa dks Hkh mifuosk esa iqu% kq} fd;k x;kA
vaneku esa kqf} vaneku esa fganqvksa dks /keZHkzV djus dk lk/kkj.k e bl rjg gksrk fd pkyku vkrs gh vFkok mlds Ikpkr~ tSls gh
volj feyrk] rc lqdqekj ckydksa ;k Hkh: yksxksa dks fetkZ [kku teknkj dBksj ifjJe ds dkeksa ij Hkstrk] ogka ds eqlyeku okWMZj
vFkok isVh vQlj mUgsa ,d vksj ys tkrs gq, ekjihV djrs] MkaV&MiV] xkyh&xykSt djrsA nwljh vksj mu yksxksa dks] tks igys fganw Fks
vkSj vc /keZHkzV gks x, gSa] pksjh&fNis ykbZ xbZ feBkbZ] rackdw vkfn oLrq nsdj muls izseiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA mu u, dSfn;ksa ds =Lr
gksdj :vkals gksus ij mUgsa crk;k tkrk fd rqe D;ksa ejrs gks] rqe Hkh ml veqd&veqd dh rjg eqlyeku cu tkvks] blls rqEgsa Hkh
bu lHkh dVksa ls eqfDr fey ldsxhA /khjs&/khjs ;s canh muds paxqy esa Qal tkrs] mUgsa ogh rackdw vkfn oLrq nsdj var esa ,d fnu
Hkkstu ds le; [kqYye[kqYyk eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa CkSBk;k tkrk vkSj eqlyekuh Hkkstu ek% mu tkfr;ksa ls vyx idok;k tkrkA
,d ckj ;s fganw eqlyekuh ikar esa Hkkstu djrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns tk,a] fQj fganw gh mUgsa viuh ikar esa ugha ysax&s mUgsa bldk iw jk&iwjk
fookl gksus ds dkj.k os bl uoHkzV fganw ds fok; esa loZFkk fufpra gks tkrsA dsoy ,d ckj mldk uke cnydj eqlyekuh uke
j[krsA dksbZ fganw Hkwy ls Hkh vxj mls mlds fganw uke ls iqdkjus yxrk rks fetkZ vkSj vU; eqlyeku gLrd mu fganqvksa dks
MkaV&fiykdj dgrs] ^[kcjnkj! Okg eqlyeku gks x;k gSA mls mldk eqlyekuh uke ysdj gh cqyk;k djksA* ;gh Fkh eqlyeku /keZ dh
nh{kk! Dqjku] lqUur] uekt+
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vkfn fdlh dh Hkh vko;drk ugha gksrhA rackdw gh lqUur] dBksj dke gh dqjku vkSj eqlyekuh Hkkstu gh uekt+!
bl rjg lk/kkj.kr% yksx /keZHkzV fd, tkrsA vkxs pydj muesa ls fdlh&fdlh dh lqUur Hkh dh tkrhA dkjkx`g ls eqDr gksrs le; ;s
yksx viuk eqlykeuh uke gh fy[kokrsA ml le; dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkjh ;g ugha iwNrk fd rqeus viuk fganw uke cnydj ;g eqlyekuh
uke D;ksa /kkj.k fd;k\ rqe eqlyekuh /keZ dk v/;;u djds eqlyeku cus ;k fdlh ds Mj ls vFkok izyksHkuksa dk fkdkj gksdj
eqlyeku cus gks\ vkxs pydj og euq; ckgj] mifuosk esa tkrk rks m/kj Hkh eqlyekuh vf/kdkjh gh gksrsA ogka ds eqlyeku
vf/kdkjh fganqvksa dks blh izdkj HkzV djrs] vkSj nqHkkZX; dh ckr ;g fd dksbZ vk?kkr fLFkfr esa bl rjg eqlyeku /keZ Lohdkjs vkSj
fQj fdlh fgaanw ds vf/kdkj esa vFkok Lora= jhfr ls jgus dk volj vkus ij ;fn bl fn[kkoVh eqlyekuh dk R;kx djus dk fup;
dj fQj ls fganqvksa esa ?kqy&fey tkus dk iz;kl djs] rks fganq uke /kkj.k djds fganqvksa dh iafDr esa tSls gh cSBus yxrk rks eqlyekuksa ls
Hkh vf/kd dV~Vjrk ls mls [knsM+dj iqu% eqlyekuksa esa mBus&cSBus ds fy, ck/; djrh] kksj epkrh fganw cafn;ksa dh Vksyh geus dbZ ckj
ns[kh gSA blls fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyekuh izpkjdksa dk dke vkSj lqyHk gksrkA ,d ckj dgha pisV esa ykdj fganw canhoku dks eqlyekuksa
dh ikar esa Hkkstu f[kyk;k fd cl] fQj ml ij igjk] mls iqu% rackdw nsuk] mlls uekt i<+okuk&bu lkjs >a>Vksa ls NqV~VhA ksk lkjh
O;oLFkk fganw Lo;a djrs] ftlls fd og eqlyekuksa us dj fy;k fd cl mls vkthou gh ugha] ihf<+;ksa rd eqlyekuksa esa jgus dks ck/;
djus dk dV Lo;a fganw gh djsaxsA ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ fLFkfr tSlh Lonsk esa Fkh oSlh gh ml dkysikuh esa Hkh] ftlesa Lonsk dh gh ijNkbZ
>kad jgh gSA
bl izdkj izR;sd ekl&nks ekl ckn de&ls&de rhu&pkj fganw eqlyeku cu tkrsA fQj os okil Lonsk ykSVrs vFkok vaneku esa gh
O;kg jpkdj cl x, rks Hkh mudh larku eqlyeku gh gksrh vkSj ,d&nks ihf<+;ksa ds Ikpkr~ rks bl lR; dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, fd
vius iwoZt fganw Fks&vieku le>us ;ksX; dV~Vj fganw }skh eqlyekfu;r ml larku esa vkTkUe izfk{kk ls izfoV gks tkrhA
dHkh&dHkh dksbZ fganw L=h }kjk eqlyeku ifr Lohdkj fd, tkus ls og eqlyeku cu tkrhA ijarq dksbZ eqlyeku efgyk ;fn fganw ifr
cuk, rks\ D;k og
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
252
fganw /keZ Lohdkj djrh\ dnkfi ughaA mls dkSu fganw gksus nsxk\ fganw yksx gh ml ukjh dks fganw le>us dh vis{kk ml fganw ifr dks
eqlyeku le>dj cfgd`r djrsA
bl loZFkk vkRe?kkrd izo`fk ij izfrca/k yxkus ds fy, geus dej dlh vkSj lu~ 1913 esa eqlyekuksa ls f?kjs ,d czk.k ckyd dks
cpkus ds fy, izdV :i esa iz;Rujr jgsA mlh ckr ds dkj.k vkxs pydj tks eqBHksM+ gqbZ] mldk o.kZu la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS&
fganw ckyd dk vfHk;ksx
;g mkj fganqLFkkuh czk.k ;qod dksbZ chlsd okZ dk gksxkA pksjh ds vkjksi esa blds iwoZ Hkh dkjkx`g gks vk;k Fkk vFkkZr~ nqV laxr esa
eqjCch FkkA ijarq vc Hkh vius czk.kRo dk vfHkekuhA dkykijuh ns[krs gh flVfiVk;kA ml ij dksYgwA ns[krs&ns[krs iBku okWMZjksa us
mls ?ksj fy;kA ml pkaMky pkSdM+h dh fuyZTtkrkiw.kZ ?kksfkr izfrKk Fkh gh] ^fganqvksa ds yM+dksa dks igys rax djds fcxkM+uk pkfg,A fQj
os vklkuh ls eqlyeku cu tkrs gSaA* mudh ?k`.kkLin /keZ nh{kk ds izFke LkaLdkj dk Hk{; cudj og yM+dk blls iwoZ gh ^fcxM+k* gqv k
Fkk] vc dsoy ljsvke mls eqlyekuh iafDr esa cSBkuk ksk jgk FkkA brus esa mls ,d O;fDr ls lansk fHktokdj fuosnu fd;k] ^^fganqRo
dk R;kx er djksA** mlus dgk] ûgha NksMaw rks D;k d:a\ fetkZ [kku eq>s iqu% dksYgw esa HkstsxkA** ;g dgus ls fd /keZ ds fy, dV
mBkus gh pkfg,] ml ifrr ij mldk D;k izHkko gksrk\ ge Lo;a dksBjhcan ,slh voLFkk esa mldh lgk;rk djuk] fetkZ [kku ds fo:}
lgk;rk nsuk nqdj gh FkkA var esa ,d fnu kke dks varLFk HksaV }kjk ckjh ds ikl lkjh fkdk;r igaqpkbZA blds iwoZ Hkh ,slh ?kVuk,a
gksrh Fkh] bl lR; ls ckjh vufHkK FkksMs+ gh Fkk\ mlus geij gh, ^^vkidks dksBjh esa fdlus crk;k fd ml d{k esa D;k&D;k gks jgk
gS\ tkus Hkh nks] ;s fcxMs+ gq, ykSaMs gSa! Vki D;ksa bl yM+d[ksy esa iM+rs gSa \** vkfn vkM+s&frjNs izuksa dh >M+h yxk nhA vr% nwljs fnu
lqifjaVsaMsaV dks geus lkjh ckr crkbZA ckjh us igys ls gh mlds dku Hkjs gq, Fks] vr% mlus gels Hkh ogha f?kls&fiVs izu iwNs] ^^bl
rjg ds nqV yksx fganqvksa esa jgs rks D;k] eqlyeku gq, rks D;k]** geus Hkh mlh rdZ ls mkj fn,] ftldk bl izdj.k ds vkjaHk es a
fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA var esa lqifjaVsaMsaV us dgk] ^^dksbZ ;fn LosPNkiwoZd tk jgk gks rks ge mls dSls jksdsa \** geus dgk] ^^Lo;a tk jgk
gks] rks gesa Hkh vkifk ugha gSA ijarq eqlyeku canhoku fganqvksa dks rax djds] dBksj dke nsdj rFkk izyksHku fn[kkdj mUgsa eq lyeku
/keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, ck/; djrs gSa&bldk vki fojks/k djsaA** rc Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^^vki ;fn fdlh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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eqlyeku }kjk fganw yM+dksa dks rax djrs vFkok fu;e fo:} rackdw vkfn ckaVrs ns[ksa rks gesa lwfpr djsa] fQj eSa mldk vo; izfrjks/k
d:axk] naM nwaxkA**
drZO; le>dj vieku dk dM+ok ?kwaV ih fy;k] Ik;Zos{kd pyk x;kA ijarq ckjh rFkk fetkZ [ku gels :V gks x,] D;kasfd ckrphr esa
muds vusd jgL; mtkxj djus iM+s Fks vkSj fokskr% Ik;Zos{kd }kjk gesa izkIr gqbZ vquKk vius vf/kdkj dk Hkax djrs gq, fn[ks rks mls
idM+ks] ckjh dks ;g vuqKk vius vf/kdkj dk Hkax djrh gqbZ izrhr gqbZ eqlyekuksa esa rks gj dksbZ nkar ihlus yxk] D;kasfd fganw dks rks
og lkx&ikr le>rs FksA mls eqlyeku cukus ds vius iSr`d vf/kdkj ds fo:} fkdk;rsa \ mUgksaus thou esa dHkh ;g vuqHko ugha
fd;k FkkA ckjh us gesa lh/kk djus dk fup; djds mu ks/k ls mcyrs gq, eqlyeku cu jgk gwaA** nwljs fnu vU; d{k esa jgrs gq,
Hkh mls tku&cq>dj gekjs d{k esa yk;k x;k vkSj gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus fetkZ [kku us mls eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa cSBkdj eqlyekuh
Hkkstu djk;k vkSj gekjs uke dk mPpkj.k u djrs gesa chHkRl] xanh xkfy;ka nsrk gq vk pyk x;kA ml canh dks iwjs fnu os yksx
eqlyekuh uke ysdj cqykrs jgs Fks] ftlls gesa viuh fookrk ij yTtk dk vuqHko gks] vFkkZr~ ml lkjs vieku dk ?kwaV drZO;
le>dj ih fy;kA
vki vU; yksxksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cukrs
nwljs fnu izkr% ,d eqlyeku okWMZj nks&rhu vkus dh rackdw ml HkzVkpkjh ds gkFk esa Fkek gh jgk Fkk gekjh n`fV ml ij iM+ xbZA
geus rqjar mBdj okWMZj dks crk;kA ijarq okWMZj Bgjk fganwA fxM+fxM+krs gq, dgus yxk] ^êSaus mls idM+ fy;k rks fetkZ [kku esj h feV~Vh
iyhn dj nsxkA** vr% geus Lo;a gks&gYyk epkdj isVh vQlj dks cqykdj ml yM+ds dh rykkh ysus ds fy, dgk vkSj dgk fdûgha
rks Ik;Zos{kd dks crk;k tk,xkA* bl rjg /kedkrs gh rykkh yh xbZ vkSj lkjh rackdw mldh vaVh esa j[kh fey xbZA brus esa gaxkek
lqudj fetkZ [kku gkaQrk gqvk vk x;kA mlds ^;g rackdw rqEgsa fdlus nh* iwNrs gh ml yM+ds us ml eqlyeku okWMZj dk uke ys
fy;kA feTkkZ [kku ge yksxksa dks oSls gh bekjr esa can j[kdj ml yM+ds dks vfHk;ksx yxkus ds fy, ckjh ds ikl ys x;kA ijarq vkxs
pydj ns[kk rks ml ckr dk dqN Hkh vrk&irk ugha FkkA la/;k le; ckjh ls iwNk rks og >Yykrs gq, cjl iM+k] ^^tsy dk vfHk;ksx
yxkusokyk vf/kdkjh eSa gwaA vki ,dek= canh gSaA canh dh rjg dsoy vius ckjs esa gh tks dqN cksyuk gS] cksysa] vU;Fkk naM HkqxrsaxsA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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nks fnu Ikpkr~ Ik;Zos{kd fQj nkSjs ij vk x;k] bl ckr dh Vksg ysus fd ckjh us mls D;k dgk gS \ geus viuh bekjr ls iqdkjk]
^^vkosnuA** Ik;Zos{kd dks lIrkg dk fu;ksftr fnu NksM=dj fdlh ds vuqkklu NksM+] vkosnu iqdkjus dk ks/k vkrk FkkA vr% dqN ml
dkj.k ls vkSj dqN ckjh us tks dqN dgk Fkk] mlls >qa>ykrk gqvk >Vds ls ogka vkdj cksyk] ^^vU; cafn;ksa dh odkyr djuk vkidk
dksbZ drZO; ugha gSA dke djks dkeA** eSaus Hkh lkQ dgk] ^êSa viuk vkosnu vjth nwaxkA pkgs vki mls lqusa ;k u lqusaA jktcanh
,d&nwljs ls ckr Hkh djsa rks vU; cafn;ksa dks budh pqxfy;ka [kkus dk vf/kdkj gS] gekjh fpf;ka pkgsa tc idM+h tkrh gSaA blfy,
gesa Hkh /keZ tSls dk;Z esa vU; yksxksa ds ckjs esa cksyus dk vf/kdkj gSA** esjk ;g ks/k Hkjk fup;h mkj lqudj vkSj vkosnu lquuk
mldk drZO; gksus ds dkj.k Ik;Zos{kd fudV vk;k vkSj cksyk] ^^dfg,] D;k dguk pkgrs gSa vki\** rc eSaus dgk] ^êqlyeku okWMZj dks
rackdw nsrs gq, eSaus jaxs gkFkksa idM+k Fkk] fQj Hkh ml ij vfHk;ksx ugha pyk;k x;kA** Ik;Zos{kd pdjkx;kA mlus >qa>ykrs gq, ckjh ls
iwNk] ^^;g D;k gS\ dgka gS og eqlyeku okWMZj\** brus esa ckjh ds vka[kksa ls ladsr djrs gh fetkZ [kku us vkxs vkdj dgk] ^^gqtwj]
bl ckcw us vFkkZr~ geus [kqn rackdw ml ykSaMs ds diM+ksa esa j[kh FkhA [kqn mlds diM+ksa esa rackdw yisVdj bl eqlyeku okWMZ j ij bl
rjg >wB&ewB dk vfHk;ksx yxk jgs gSaA** ml yM+ds ls iwNus ij mlus bruh lPpkbZ dk iznkZu fd;k vkSj dgk] ^^;g lp ugha fd
ckcw us rackdw nhA** Ik;Zos{kd eu&gh&eu pkSad x;kA fetkZ [kku ds iqu% cksyus yxrs gh ^pqi jgks* dgdj mlus gels dgk] ^^bl
/kekZarj.k ds ckjs esa vki D;k dgkuk pkgrs gSa\** eSaus dgk] ^^la{ksi esa esjh ekax ;g gS fd mifuosk esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr us dqjku vFkok
ckbfcy dk v/;;u djds bZekunkjh ds lkFk ;fn fganw /keZ dk R;kx djus dk fup; fd;k rks og izFker% vf/kdkjh dks bldh lwpuk
ns vkSj vf/kdkjh bldh iwNrkN djs fd bl ij fdlh us Ny&diV vFkok cyiwoZd l[rh cjrh gS ;k ughaA mlds Ikpkr~ gh mls og
djus dh vuqefr ns] vkSj fQj Hkh ckfyx gksus ls igys fdlh Hkh fganw yM+ds ij vU; /keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, ewyr% ikcanh yxkbZ tk,A
;g gks xbZ lk/kkj.k mifuosk dh ckrA ijarq vaneku ds canhx`g esa rks pkgs vYio;Ld gks ;k izkS<]+ fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa tkus
dh dHkh vuqefr u nh tk,A** bl ij Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^^mifuosk dk izu eSa dehku ds lkeus izLrqr d:axkA dkjkxkj ls lacaf/kr
esjh jk; ;g gS fd ;fn dksbZ LosPNkiwoZd /kekZarj.k djus yxs rks Hkyk ge mls D;ksa jksdsa \ gk] l[rh vFkok izyksHku fn[kkdj vc eSa
fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa ugha tkus nwaxkA** chp esa gh ks/k ls elelkdj ckjh us dgk] ^^,slk djuk Hkh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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gekjs fy, dfBu gh gksxk] D;ksafd ljdkj us lHkh dks /kkfeZd Lora=rk nh gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^/kkfeZd Lora=rk ds fy, gh eSa dg jgk gwa
fd fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa ugha tkus fn;k tk,A nksuksa /keksZa ds fopkj lqudj fQj ;fn dksbZ ij/keZ dks Lohdkj djs rks dgk tk
ldrk gS fd og /kkfeZd Lora=rk ds rokuq:i gks x;k] ijarq bl dkjkxkj esa eqlyeku vf/kdkjh gh izcy gksus ds dkj.k os viuh
ckr j[k ysrs gSa] tcfd ge fganqvksa dks viuh ckr izLrqr djus dh tjk lh Hkh Lora=rk ugha gSA tS ls ;fn eq>s fdlh canh ls ckr djrs
fdlh us ns[kk rks mls vkSj eq>s naM fn;k tkrk gSA vr% bl izdkj ds fucZa/kksa dk vFkZ bruk gh gksxk fd eqlyekuksa dks vius cycwrs
ij Hkh muds /keZ dk i{k izLrqr% djus dh Lor=ark gksxh] ijarq fganqvksa dks ml Lora=rk ls oafpr jguk iM+sxkA** rc ckjh us dgk]
^^fganw isVh vQlj vkSj raMy
s Hkh rks ;gka gSaA Hkyk os D;ksa ugha fganw /keZ dk i{k izLrqr djrs \** eSaus [kjh&[kjh lqukbZ fd fganw raMsy
vkfn ij vki yksxksa dh on`fV gSA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd fganw raMsy fganw /keZ vkSj eqlyeku raMsy eqlyeku /keZ ij ;fn O;k[;ku]
fookn djrs jgs rks ;g dkjkx`g /keZ izpkj dk ,d vM~Mk cu tk,xkA ijarq vkids fu;kekuqlkj raMsykfn canh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh caf n;ksa
ls dkjkx`gh; dke ds vykok ,d Hkh kCn cksyus dh vquefr ugha gSA rks fQj dkjkx`g dk vuq kklu ;fn j[kuk gS rks vki mls bl
rjg /keZ izlkj dk vM~Mk dSls cuk ldrs gSa\** Ik;Zos{kd us chp esa gh dgk] ^îjarq vki fganw yksx eqlyekuksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cuk
ysrs\ geskk nwljksa dk gh uke ysdj gYyk D;ksa djrs gSa\**
rhoz vkSj [kjk vk{ksi
mudk ;g vk{ksi fdruk rhoz vkSj lR; Fkk] blfy, og eq>s pqHk x;kA eSaus dgk] ^ôkLro esa ns[kk tk, rks fganqvksa dk ;g fu;e fd
fdlh dks Hkh vius /keZ vFkok lekt esa cykr~ ;k Ny&diV }kjk ugha [khapuk pkfg,] /kkfeZd Lora=rk ds mnkk ro ij gh vf/kfBr
FkkA muds bl ro dks dksbZ Hkh Lohdkj djsxk fd /keZ dksbZ ,slh papy izo`fk ugha gS tks fxjfxV dh rjg jax cnyrh jgsxhA ijarq ,sls
Hk;adj iaFk dks VDdj nsus dk izlax vkus ds dkj.k blyke ryokj vkSj izyksHku dh rst /kkj ls gh /keZ izlkj mfpr vkSj {kE; ekurk
gSA vc ge Hkh le>us yxs gSa fd mu mnkk roksa ls fpids jguk fganw /keZ dh gkfu djuk gSA ,sfrgkfld kqf}dj.k ds mnkgj.k NksMs+]
ijarq de&ls&de ;g rks vkius lquk gksxk fd vesfjdk ls ykSVrs le; foosdkuan us fel ukscy dks fganw /keZ dh nh{kk nh vkSj mUgsa
fuosfnrk cuk;kA ;gka ij
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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gekjs xazFkky; esa fuosfnrkth dh iqLrdsa gSaA vki Lo;a gh nsf[k,] lR; gS ;k feF;kA ;g lR; ugha fd fganw yksx blfy, vU; /keZ
ekuusokyksa dks minsk ugha nsrs fd mUgsa Lo/keZ ds nqcZy gksus dk Hk; gSA mudh ;g mnkk Hkkouk gS fd ;fn equ; lk/kuk djs rks eks{k
izkIr djds gh jgsxk] pkgs og fdlh Hkh /keZ dk vuq;k;h gksA foo esa dsoy ,d gh /keZ gSA os /keZ dks] lekt dh kfDr dks ,d
lk/ku dh n`fV ls ns[krs gh ughaA esjs fopkj ls ;g ,sfgd n`fV ls rFkk lkekftd thou&n`fV ls Hkh vuqfpr gSA ijarq ewyHkwr ro
eSaus LiV fd;k vkSj fujis{k n`fV ls ns[kk tk, rks mldh vkR;afrd mnkjrk oknkrhr gSA** ;g lc lqudj ikiklDr fetkZ ds rksrs mM+
x,A
ml Ik;Zos{kd dh izo`fk lnkfHk:fpiw.kZ FkhA og ;FkklaHko fui{k O;ogkj djuk pkgrk FkkA mlds ckjs esa igys Hkh fy[kk gS vkSj vkxs
pydj Hkh fy[kk tk,xkA gekjk okkkZyki og kkar fpk ls lqu jgk FkkA mldh eqnzk ls ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd mlds eu ij xaHkhj
izHkko iM+k gSA dqN vf/kd u cksyrs gq, mlus cl bruk gh dgk] ^^vkidh ckrksa ij eSa fopkj d:axkA vHkh eSa cl bruk gh vknsk
nsrk gwa fd ml czk.k yM+ds dks fganqvksa ds lkFk gh Hkkstu djuk gksxkA ;fn bl fdlh us eqlyekuh Hkkstu fn;k vFkok fdlh Hkh rjg
ls rax fd;k rks ;kn j[kksA le>k] vafre ckj le>ksA** ;g kCn mlus fetkZ [kku dh vksj ladsr dj tSls gh dgs] yxHkx ?kqVuksa rd
flj rd gkFk >qdkrs gq, ml ikikLkDr [kku us FkjFkj dkairs gq, lyke fd;k vkSj fQj og Ik;Zos{kd ogka ls pyk x;kA
eqlyekuksa dks ;g psrkouh feyus ls ;|fi ,d dke rks gks x;k] rFkkfi okLrfod dfBukbZ rks vkxs dh FkhA ;|fi Ik;Zos{kd us dgk Fkk
fd ml yM+ds dks eqlyeku ugha gksus fn;k tk,xk] mls fganqvksa dh iafDr esa cSBkvksa] rFkkfi fganqvksa dh iafDr mls vius esa dS ls lek ys]
D;kasfd og rks ,d&nks fnu eqlyekuh iafDr esa Hkkstu dj pqdk FkkA bruk >xM+k dj eqlyekuksa dk nqV mn~ns; rks foQy dj fn;k]
ijarq vc bu fganqvksa ds vkxs D;k djs\ ckjh us ;g dfBukbZ raqjr Hkkai yh] ijarq igys fnu og pqi jgk] D;kasfd Ik;Zos{kd us mls Hkh
nck;k FkkA b/kj ge lansk Hkst&Hkstdj Fkd x,A fganqvksa esa [kqlj&Qqlj izkjaHk gks xbZ fd ge mlds lkFk ikar esa ugha cSaBsxsA vaneku esa
fganqvksa ds fofHkUu Hksn ugha ekus tkrsA lHkh fganw gkFk Hkj ds varj esa ,d gh iafDr esa cSBrs vkSj eqlyeku nwljh iafDr esaA vr% dbZ
fganqvksa dks fuosnu fd;kA dgk] ^^vjs] ;g fetkZ vius cPpksa dks izFker% viuh ikih Hkksx&ykylk ij cfy p<+kdj mudk /keZ cyiwoZd
Nhurk gSA vkt igyh ckj mldh flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gqbZ gSA ml ij gekjh vPNh&[kklh /kke te xbZ gSA brus eas vki dgsax]s bl
yM+ds dks fganw iafDr esa ugha ysaxs rks ckjh izfro`k fjiksVZ Hkstdj Ik;Zos{kd dh Hkh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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f[kYyh mM+k,xk( D;kasfd mlus gekjs i{k esa fu.kZ; fn;k gSA tks fetkZ [kku vkt nc x;k gS] ogh dy iqu% ge fganqvksa dh Nkrh ij ewax
nysxkA** ukuk <ax ls mUgsa le>k;kA ijarq os fuiV vukM+h] va/kJ} fganw yksx LiV :Ik ls ^Bhd gS* ,slk ugha dg jgs FksA gekjs dgus
ls mudh rqfV rks ugha gqbZ rFkkfi var esa ,d&nks tuksa us gekjs lkeus gkFk tksM+sA gekjs fy, muds eu esa vknjHkko gksus ds dkj.k os
f[kfl;k x, vkSj mUgksaus ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd iafDr ds ,d Nksj ij ge cSaBs vkSj gekjs fudV og ;qod cSBAs ;g lc pksjh&fNis feTkkZ
[kku vkSj ckjh dh vka[k cpkdj djuk FkkA fdruh eqlhcr Fkh!
ijarq var esa /khjs&/khjs ftrus Hkh fganw gels
xbZA ijarq Ik;Zos{kd }kjk vafre fu.kZ; dqN
Fkk fd vc os igys tSlh /kekpkSdM+h ugha
gks x;k rFkk ckjh tks igys muds /kekZarj.k
fey x, Fks] muds ikl fganw iafDr esa og cSBus yxkA ckjh dh ;g pkg Vka;&Vka; fQLl gks
Hkh u nsus ds dkj.k eqlyeku Hkhrj ls iz;kl djrs jgs FksA varj cl bruk vkSj egoiw.kZ
epkrsA ?kcjk, vkSj lges&lges ls jgrsA ijarq muds eu esa gekjs izfr fo}sk vkSj Hkh rhoz
dk;Ze dk bruk fojks/k ugha djrk Fkk] vc xqIr :i ls mUgsa izksRlkfgr djus yxkA
kqf} dk;Z dk izR;{k kqHkkjaHk

vc mifuosk esa ;g ckr lc tku x, fd canhx`g esa mu eqlyekuksa dks eSaus jksdk] tks HkzVhdj.k dk iz;kl dj dj jgs FksA dqN
canhoku mkj fganqLFkku ds Fks] ftUgksaus vk;Zlekft;ksa ds dqN Hkkk.k lqus FksA muesa ls nks&rhu O;fDr;ksa us izR;{k lg;ksx nsuk vkjaHk
fd;kA gekjs vaneku tkus ls iwoZ gh dqN mRlkgh yksxksa us ogka ,d NksVk lk vk;Zlekt dsanz Lfkkfir fd;k Fkk] ijarq mlesa izpkj dk;Z
vFkok fdlh Hkh rjg dk vkanksyu laxfBr :i ls pykus dh kfDr drbZ ugha FkhA LokHkkfod gS] bl ckr dh dYiuk Hkh fdlh esa ugha
Fkh fd vaneku esa kqf}dj.k ds iz;kl dh ckr lqudj larksk gqvk vkSj /khjs&/khjs mudk lg;ksx Hkh feyus yxk] ;g Hkh dqN lk/kkj.k
ckr ugha FkhA vkxs pydj muesa ls ,d&nks tuksa us vaneku esa ml vkanksyu dk] ftls geus vkjaHk fd;k Fkk] mYys[kuh; usrÒr fd;k
vkSj cM+s mRlkgiwoZd ;g dk;Z vkxs pyk;kA mlesa dqN ^Lora=* vf/kdkjh Hkh kkfey FksA
,sls gh cafn;ksa esa ls tks nsk ls vk;Zlekt ds ro djds vk, Fks&,d fganw nafMr blh le; mifuosk esa naM Hkqxrdj iqu% tsy esa can
fd;k x;k FkkA cnekkh] f<BkbZ esa og fdlh eqlyeku xqaMs dk yksgk ugha ekurk FkkA nsk esa vktUe
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
258
dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxrus ij vaneku esa Hkh bu egkk; us /khaxkeqrh] minzo] canhokl ls Hkkxuk] ekjihV] vQhe cspuk vkfn lc fd,
rks blls eqlyeku xqaMksa ij Hkh mudk jksc te x;kA mlds fganw fe= dh vksj VsMh+ utj ls fn[kus dk lkgl vc os ugha djrs] D;kasfd
mlds ifjfpr vFkok Lusgkafdr euq; dks rax djus dk ;fn fdlh us iz;lk fd;k rks og lHkh fucZa/k rkd ij j[kdj mldh /kqukbZ
djrk ;k mldh dybZ [kksydj mldk loZukk djrkA lkSHkkX; ls bl fganw canhoku dh bl <hB cnekkh dks eqlyeku cnekkksa dh rjg
gh Lo/kekZfHkeku rFkk Lotkfr vfHkeku dh FkksMh+ &cgqr /kkj fey xbZ FkhA gekjs kqf} iz;Ruksa ls eqlyekuksa dh tks eku[kaMUkk gqbZ] mlls
mldks cM+ ldwu feyk vkSj mlus gekjh lgk;rk djus dk opu fn;kA geus Hkh Bku fy;k fd ftu iqjkus nqVksa ls ges a yM+uk iM+ jgk
gS vkSj ;s tkrh; dk;Z laiUUk djus iM+ jgs gSa] muesa xkyh&xykSt] pksjh&pdkjh] ekj&dkV vkfn chHkRl rfkk uhp kL=ksa ls tw>us ds
fy, ^/k`V&ls&/k`V] mn~naM&ls&mn~naM* vFkkZr~ ^tSl&s dks&rSlk* uhfr ls eqlyekuh xaqMksa ds nkar rksM+us ds fy, fganw xaqMksa dk gkFk FkkesaA mlh
ds vuqlkj bl canh dks geus igyk dke ;g crk;k fd iPphl okhZ; ,d fganw ;qod] tks igys eqlyeku cuk Fkk] vc iqu% fganw cuuk
pkgrk gS] vr% mldk ekeyk gkFk esa ysdj ikj yxkvksA
,d ckj Ik;Zos{kd us gels dgk Fkk] vki yksx dsoy fpYykrs gSa fd eqlyeku fganqvksa dks /keZHkzV djrs gSaA vki fganw eqlyekuksa dks fganw
D;ksa ugha cukrs\ mldh bl pqukSfr dk gesa ,d ckj mkj nsuk gh FkkA vius fufnZV tkR;kfHkekuh fganw canh dk lg;ksx feyrs gh
geus vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa gh kqf} laLdkj laiUu djds ml ;qod dks] tks pkj&ikap okksZa rd eqlyeku cudj jgk Fkk] fganw /keZ dh
iqunhZ{kk nsus dk fup; fd;kA ml nafMr us brus mRlkg ds lkFk bl dk;Z esa ru&eu ,d fd;k fd ,d vkSj /keZHkzV fganw yM+ds dks]
ftlls mldh xk<+h Nurh Fkh] iqu% fganw cuus ds fy, jkth fd;k vkSj fdlh dh /kkSal dh ijokg u djrs gq, izdV :i esa ;g dk;Z
fl} dj fy;kA ;|fi og ,slk iDdk cnekk Fkk tks vusd naM Hkqxr pqdk Fkk] rFkkfi jktcanh u gksus ds dkj.k mls ,d dkj[kkus esa
nl&chl cafn;ksa ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA ge dksBjhcan bekjr esa ca n iM+s Fks] vr% geus mlls vius dkj[kkus esa gh vaneku dk
izFke kqf} dk;Z laIkUu djus ds fy, dgkA
nks tuksa dks iqu% fganw cuok;k x;k
,d jfookj ds fnu lHkh canh diM+s /kksus dh /kka/kyh esa Fks vkSj fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyeku vf/kdkjh mudh fuxjkuh esa O;Lr FksA mlh
le; mifj fufnZV fganw
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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êqdkne* mu nksuksa ;qodksa dks ,d vksj ys x;kA Lukukfn ls fuo`k gksdj u, oL= /kkj.k dj mu nksuksa us nks&rhu fganqvksa ds lkeus
izkFkZuk dh fd ge iqu% fganw /keZ esa vkuk pkgrs gSaA mUgsa rqylh&i= f[kyk;k x;k] mUgsa xhrk ds yksd rFkk rqylh jkek;.k dk v/;k;
lquk;k x;k] fQj kqf} lekjksg ds miYk{; esa izlknLo:i xqIr :i ls cuok;k x;k gyok lR;ukjk;.k dk izlkn lHkh fganqvksa esa cka Vk
x;kA fetkZ [kku dks ;g lc Kkr gks] blls igys gh izR;sd canh viuh&viuh dksBjh esa tkdj cS B x;kA ml fnu ls mu nks yM+dksa us
uekt i<+uk NksM+ fn;kA ge lc mUgsa fganw uke ls iqdkjus yxsa eqlyeku mUgsa eqlyekuh uke ls iqdkjrs] rc os mUgsa dksbZ mkj ugha
nsrsA os iqu% rqylh jkek;.k i<+us yxs vkSj fganqvksa dh iafDr esa Hkkstu djus yxsA
>ViV kqf} lekjksg dk ;g vfHk;ku vf/kdkjh vaneku ds cafn;ksa esa Hkkjh [kycyh ep xbZA dqN fnuksa rd eqlyeku vf/kdkjh vkSj
ckjh us Hkh pqIih lk/k yh] D;kasfd mUgas ;g Mj Fkk fd ;fn mUgksaus Ik;Zos{kd ls fkdk;r dh rks gesa lkjs xM+s eqjns m[kkM+us dk lgt gh
cgkuk feysxkA fQj Hkh eqlyekuksa dks vc Hkh vkkk Fkh fd esjs iz;klksa dk nks&pkj fnu ds ckn fganw yksx izfrdkj fd, fcuk ugha jgsaxsA
fganqvksa }kjk fganwdj.k dk fojks/k
vkSj var esa ogh lR; fl} gqvkA D;ksafd ogka ds ,d fganw raMy
s us fganw cafn;ksa esa gekjs bu kqf}d`r fganqvksa dks iqu% fganqvksa dh ikar esa
cSBkus dh psVk ls Qsys gq, xqIr vlarksk dks eq[kj fd;k vkSj gekjs ij ty dks Nwus dh ikcanh yxkbZA jktcafn;ksa dk ncnck gksus ds
dkj.k os izdV :i esa fdlh vf/kdkjh ds ikl izfrokn djus vFkok vfHk;ksx djus ugha x,] rFkkfi fganw yksxksa ds bu raMsyksa ds fiV~Bvksa
us xqipqi pqVfd;ka Hkjus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA gesa gekjs eaqg ij ^Hkaxh ckcw* tSlh mikf/k iznku djus esa Hkh Bkdqjksa us de ;ksxnku
ugha fd;kA
;gha ij ;g Hkh dg nsuk mi;qDr gS fd fnu&izfrfnu bl ^Hkaxh ckcw* dk gh ;g i{k fd Hkaxh ckcw og O;fDr gS tks eqlyeku cus
O;fDr ds lkFk Hkh mls fganw cukdj Hkkstu djrk gS] bruk rsth ds lkFk c<+us yxk fd var esa mu ize[q k yksxksa esa tks /kekZarj.k ij xoZ
djrs Fks] Lo;a ^Bkdqj* raMsy Hkh kkfey gks x,( D;kasfd nks&rhu okksZa ds Hkhrj gh Bkdqj canh fganqRo dk dV~Vj izpkjd cu x;k vkSj
;FkklaHko gekjh lgk;rk djus yxkA
bl kqf}dj.k dk lekpkj geus Lo;a Ik;Zos{kd ds dkuksa esa ugha Mkyk] D;ksafd ;fn ckjh eqlyekuksa dh rjg gh fganqRo dk izpkj djus esa
jksM+s u vVdkrs gq, gesa volj nsus yxk rks Hkyk ge O;FkZ D;ksa >xM+k mifLFkr djsa\ okLro esa ckjh ds fy,
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
260
fganw /keZ ejs ;k eqlyeku /keZ ejs] ,d gh ckr FkhA mls eqlyekuksa dk
ekjihV djrs vkSj jktcanh D;kasfd fganw Fks] blfy, eqlyekuksa dks mu
:i esa dqN djus ls ;g ekeyk Ik;Zos{kd rd tk,xk vkSj Ik;Zos{kd us
Hkh fufpr ugha Fkk fd og ckjh ds fo:} ugha tk,xkA ,slh ck/kkvksa
fkdk;r dqN [kkl ugha gqbAZ
i{k blfy, fiz; Fkk fd os mlds fucZa/kksa ds fo:} tc pkgs rc

ij j[kuk vf/kd lqjf{kr FkkA gekjs kqf}dj.k ds fo:} izdV
tSlkfd igys gekjk dguk FkksMk+ &cgqr lquk Fkk] bl dkj.k ;g
ds dkj.k gekjh igyh nks&pkj kqf};ksa ds fo:} Ik;Zos{kd rd
lhykuh bZlkbZ dh kqf}

geus viuk kqf} dk;Z lrr tkjh j[kkA ,d ckj lhyksu ds rhu&pkj fkf{kr yksx dqN ekj&ihV vkSj gR;k vkfn vijk/k esa nafMr
gksdj vaneku esa vktUe dkjkokl ij vk,A mudk gekjs jktcafn;ksa ls ifjp; gqvkA muesa ls nks&rhu dks rks geus] tSlkfd ihNs of.kZr
gS] laLFkk dk kiFkc} lnL; Hkh cuk fy;k A buesa ls ,d lhykus esa gh bZlkbZ cu x;k FkkA vkrs&tkrs mldks Hkh minsk ds ?kwaV
fiyk&fiykdj fganw gksus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZA muesa tks nks Fks] mUgsa dkjkxkj ls cjh gksrs gh mifuosk esa vPNh&[kklh ys[kd dh txg fey
xbZ FkhA mlh rjg dh txg ge gj izdkj dh psVk ls rqEgsa nsaxs] rqe fpark er djuk vkfn O;kogkfjd fnkk dh ppkZ djrs&lqurs
vkf[kj og fganw cuus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;kA var esa gekjh kh/kz kqf} laLdkj i}fr ls mls Hkh kq} dj fy;k x;kA tc og iqu%
vk;k rc bl kqf}d`r dkaM dk >a>V ofjB vf/kdkjh rd tk igaqpkA gka] bl ckr dks Lej.k j[kuk gksxk fd ogka ds vaxzst
vf/kdkfj;ksa us ,d bZlkbZ dks iqu% fganw fd;k] blfy, fdlh izdkj dk ks/k] [kht dk iznkZu ugha fd;kA dsoy ogh iwNrkN dh] tks
mfpr FkhA
caxkyh ckyd dks cpk;k

blds dqN vkxs&ihNs gh eSaus lquk fd eqlyekukas us ,d caxkyh fganw yM+ds dks /keZHkzV djus dk kM~;a= fd;k gSA bl yM+ds ij xkatk
ihus dh yr vFkok lh rjg ds fdlh vfopkj ds dkj.k fdlh dks Nqjk ?kksaIkus ls lglk gR;k djus dk vkjksi FkkA og vBkjg okZ dk
gksxkA dkjkx`g esa vkrs gh fetkZ [kkuh iki&okluk dk fkdkj cukdj mls eqlyekuh vf/kdkj esa j[kus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ FkhA blds
Ikpkr~ tc
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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,slk izrhr gqvk fd og muesa fgy x;k gS] mls jhfr ds vuqlkj eqlyeku cukus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh eSaus ,d
;qok fganw canh ls ml yM+ds dks muls rksM+us ds fy, dgkA bl canh dks blh rjg de vk;q esa dkysikuh ij vk, gq, yxHkx nl okZ
chr x, FksA ;g vaneku ds ukeh xqaMksa esa ls ,d FkkA mlds ikl foiqy /ku FkkA og nl&ckjg fxfUu;ka ml [kksiM+h 55 esa lgtrkiwoZd
j[krk FkkA
og pkj ckj lkgl tqVkdj mifuosk ls Hkkxdj pkj&pkj eghus ?kus taxy esa Nqidj cSBk jgk FkkA foinkvksa esa f?kjus ls vFkok
vKkuok mu nqVksa dh cLrh esa thfor jgus ds fy, ;|fi mls vkir~dkyhu iki djus iM+s Fks] rFkkfi mlds n; ij nqVrk dh Nk;k
j[krk] mlds fy, foinkvksa] dV lgus dh iwjh bZekunkjh mlesa FkhA ;g r; gks x;k fd ftl d{k esa eqlyekuksa us ml caxkyh yM+ds
dks j[kk Fkk] mlh d{k esa og fganw ;qod tkdj jgs vkSj mudk lkjk HkaMk QksM+ nsA ;|fi jktcanh bl d{k esa ls ml d{k esa ugha tk
ldrs Fks] og dke Lo;a ckjh djrk Fkk] rFkkfi vU; cafn;ksa dk d{k ifjorZu dk dk;Z lk/kkj.kr;k ,d eqakh us cM+h lgtrk ls cafn;ksa
dh vnYkk&cnyh djrs le; ml ;qod dks ml caxkyh ;qod ds d{k esa fcydqy mlds ikl dh dksBjh esa jgus ds fy, Hkst fn;kA m/kj
vkB&fnu fnuksa esa gh og caxkyh ;qod ml fganw ;qod ls izse djus yxkA mls FkksM+s ls mPp Lrjh; minsk ls tks nsk] tkfr vkfn xaHkhj
izd`fr dks tkxzr djrk Fkk] mlus lwfpr fd;k fd mldks /keZHkzV djus ds fy, dSlh&dSlh ;kstuk,a cukbZ tk jgh gSaA ml ;qod us ;g
Hkh dgk fd ;|fi eu&gh&eu og fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyekuksa ls fo}sk j[krk gS] rFkkfi muds vR;kpkjksa rFkk mRihM+u ds Mj ls og
mudk izR;{k izfrdkj ugha dj ldrkA vki gh mudk izfrca/k djsa] ,slk ml yM+ds us dgkA ;g fufpr gksrs gh
55
[kksiM+h&cskeZ] <hB vkSj os canhoku] ftUgsa vusd ckj naM gqvk gSA naM gksus ij canhokl tkus ls iwoZ os vius eqag dh ekal dh Fksyh
esa nzO; Hkjdj j[krs] rkfd canhokl esa /ku dh dksbZ deh u gksA eq[k esa xys ds FkksFks LFkku esa iM+s gq,] [kks[kys] iksys LFkku dks canh yksx
^[kksiM+h* dgrs gSaA lhls dh ,d xksyh Mksjs esa fijksdj mls eqag esa thHk ds rys ,d vksj j[krsA og ogka dk ekal [kkrh gqbZ uhps ds
[kks[kys LFkku ij mrjrh jgrh gSA ikq dh tqxkyh djus dh tks ekal dh isVh gksrh gS] og LFkku rc ls can iM+k gS tc ls euq; us
mldk mi;ksx djuk NksM+ fn;k gSA og xksyh iwjk ekal Hk{k.k djrs&djrs iqu% mlh FkSyh dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA fQj ml xksyh dks ca/kh gqbZ
Mksj ls [khapdj fudkyk tkrk gSA eq[k fLFkr ml izkdfrD FkSyh esa iSls] ,dk/k Nqjh vkfn lkeku canhoku Nqik ldrs gSaA fgpdh ds lkFk
mls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA vU;Fkk MkWDVj dks Hkh og ugha fn[krk] u gh MkWDVj mls ckgj fudky ldrs gSaA Hkkstu djrs le; Hkh dksbZ
dfBukbZ ugha gksrhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
262
ml fganw ;qod us esjh lykg ls ml fnu rd] ftl fnu eqlyekuksa }kjk mls ;FkklaLdkj /keZHkzV djus dh lwpuk feyh Fkh] pqIih
lk/kdj mu lHkh dks ,su ekSds ij jaxs gkFk idM+okus dh ;kstuk cukbZ ,d jfookj ds fnu ml d{k ds raMy
s us Lo;a ml ;qod ds
HkzVhdj.k dk pksjh&pksjh usr`Ro djus gsrq ml ;qod dks ;g vknsk fn;k fd vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk dksBjh esa can u jgrs gq, ckgj gh
jgksA blds Ikpkr~ ikap&nl eqlyeku gkSt ds ikl fdlh dh vksV esa cSBdj ml yM+ds dks cgdkus ds fy, dkjkx`g ds ckgj ls yk;k
gqvk tysch dk nksuk ys vk,A blds ckn vius gkFkksa ty iznku djus] tysch f[kykus vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ Lo;a Hkh tysch ij gkFk lkQ
djus dh lkjh rS;kjh ds Ikpkr~ muesa ls ,d O;fDr ml Hkkstu lekjksg dks izkjaHk djus dk vlyh dkj.k ml ;qod dks le>krs gq ,
mls eqlyekuh ^dyek* Hkh i<+kus yxkA mls chp&chp esa ;g /kkSal Hkh nh tkrh fd ;fn rw eqlyeku ugha cuk rks ge le>saxs] rw vkt
rd gekjs fn, gq, ^vkjke* dk dqN Hkh mi;ksx u dj ldk] rqe d`r?u O;fDr gks vkSj rqEgsa dBksj ifjJe ds dkeksa esa yxk;k tk,xkA
bl rjg Mjk&/kedkdj dyek i<+us dk lekjksg vksV esa tkjh gh Fkk] brus esa vpkud dkjkx`g ds ,d xksjs vf/kdkjh ds lkFk og fganw
;qod ml pkaMky pkSdM+h ds lkeus vk /kedkA ;g ns[kdj fd eqlyeku raMsy b/kj O;Lr gks x;k gS] og pqids ls bl d{k ls ckgj
fudy iM+k FkkA mlds iSls ds cks> ds rys ncs gq, okWMZj vkfn lHkh yksx mldk dqN vf/kd izfrjks/k ugha djrsA ml d{k ls ckgj
fudyrs gh og lh/ks dkjkx`g ds dk;kZy; esa x;k vkSj ogka mifLFkr ,d xksjs mi&vf/kdkjh dks ;g dgk fd eSa ,d pksjh idM+okuk
pkgrk gwaA og xksjk vf/kdkjh ml vLiV lekpkj dh iwNrkN djus py iM+kA eqlyekuksa ds HkzVhdj.k dk le; igys ls gh Kkr gksus
ls og fganw ;qod ml xksjs vf/kdkjh ds lkeus mu eqlyekuksa vkSj ml ;qod dks tysfc;ksa rFkk uekt ds lkFk idM+okus esa lQy gks
x;kA
og eqlyeku raMsy ikuh&ikuh gks x;kA ml yM+ds dks dksBjh esa can u djuk] mls vius ikl cSBkuk] dkjkx`g esa pksjh&fNis tysfc;ka
ykuk] izfrca/k ds fo:} vU; cafn;ksa dks bdV~Bk djuk vkfn dkjkxkjh; vijk/k gh mldk ?keaM rksM+us ds fy, Ik;kZIr FksA blds lkFk gh
,d fganw dks cyiwoZd eqlyeku cukus ds u, vijk/k dh tksM+ ml fganw ;qod us vf/kdkjh dks iwoZ dgkuh dgrs gq, le>kbZA vfHk;ksx
pyk;k x;kA ml raMy
s dks cpkus dk ckjh dk Hkh lkgl ugha gqvkA Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus vfHk;ksx ds pyrs ml caxkyh ;qod us vius
dFku esa lkjh lR; fLFkfr mtkxj dj nhA vFkkZr~ Ik;Zos{kd ij mldk ;Fkksfpr izHkko gqvkA mlus bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k fd vkt rd
ge tks ;g izfrokn djrs vk, gSa fd eqlyekuksa dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
263
uhp /kekZa/krk ls fganw canhoku fdrus ihfM+r gSa] mlesa fdruk rF; Fkk vkSj fdruh lPpkbZ FkhA bl vfHk;ksx esa eqlyekuksa us gekjs uke
dks Hkh crkdj ;g dgk fd ge eqlyekuksa dks fganw cukrs gSaA rc lgt gh gekjk cqykok vk x;kA vFkkZr~ geus ;g vkjksi Lohdkj
fd;k vkSj geus Ik;Zos{kd dks iwoZ esa fd, x,A okkkZyki dk Lej.k fnykrs gq, dgk] ^^vki gh us gesa pqUkkSfr nh Fkh u fd fganw
eqlyekuksa dks /keZHkzV D;ksa ugha djrsA*
vc jksus dh ckjh eqlyekuksa dh
gks ldrk gS] bl pqukSfr dk xw<+ vFkZ ;g gks fd eqlyeku bruk nqcZy ugha gksrk] tks /keZHkzV gks tk, vkSj fganw /keZ esa vius
vuq;kf;;ksa dks laHkkyus dh Hkh kfDr ugh gksrh] fQj vke.k dh rks ckr gh nwj! Ijarq vc vkius vkSj eqlyekuksa us bl ckr dks ns[kk
gh gksxk fd ;g xyr /kkj.kk gS vkSj ;fn Bku gh ysa rks fganw Hkh ij/kfeZ;ksa dks vkRelkr dj ldrs gSaA izFker% fganw izfrokn djrs fd
eqlyeku gesa /keZHkzV djrs gSaA dkjkx`g esas ;fn ;g nqdeZ can djuk gS rks mldk ,dek= mik; ;gh gS fd ljdkjh <ax ls rks fdlh
dks Hkh canhok ds /kekZarj.k dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xh vkSj uke ifjorZu rFkk fo/kehZ iafDr esa lgHkkstu&bl rjg ds /kekZarj.k dks
ljdkj Lohdkj ugha djsxhA
blds ckn FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa Ik;Zos{kd us dfeuj dh lEefr ls mi;qZDr vkk; dk vknsk canhiky ckjh dks ns fn;k vkSj dkexkjks a esa
fdlh Hkh fganw dks [kqysvke /keZHkzV djds eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa cSBkus vFkok /kekaZrj.k djus dh ppkZ NsM+us ij ikcanh yxkbZ xbZA bl
vknsk ls dkjkx`g esa eqlyekuksa dk lkjk O;olk; gh Bi gks x;kA fganqvksa us og O;olk; dHkh vkjaHk gh ugha fd;k FkkA dkjkx`g esa
eqlyekuh /kekZa/krk dh ukM+h <hYkh iM+ xbZA
;g izca/k gksrs gh nks ckrksa dh lko/kkuh cjruk vko;d FkkA ,d rks ;g fd bl fucZa/kkuqlkj eqlyekuksa dk vkpj.k Bhd gS ;k ugha
rFkk mUgsa fganw ;qodksa vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk fudVrk c<+kus dk volj ugha nsukA nwljh ckr ;g fd dkjkxkj esa izR;{k% fdlh dks
eqlyeku cukuk ;|fi fu;e fo:} gks x;k Fkk] rc Hkh xqIr :i ls fdlh dks ijskku djuk ;k yksHk fn[kkdj dkjkx`g ls NwVrs gh
mifuosk esa [kqys :i esa bLyke /keZ Lohdkj djus ds fy, lger djuk dHkh Hkh laHko Fkk] blfy, eqlyekuksa ds bu xqIr iz;klksa dks
dkjkx`g vkSj mifuosk esa fganw roksa }kjk jksdk tkuk vko;d gSA bu nksuksa ds fy, gesa fuHkZ; rFkk <hB cafn;ksa dk vPNk lg;ksx
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
264
izkIr gks x;kA os xaqMkxnhZ eas Hkh eqlyeku xqaMksa dks vPNh rjg lh/kk djrsA buesa mu O;fDr;ksa dh rjg gh] ftudk ij mYys[k fd;k
x;k gS] vusd O;fDr gekjs HkDr cu x, vkSj ,d vkp;Ztud vuqHko gesa gqvkA og ;g fd xqaMs uke ls tkus tkusokys bu fganqvksa
dk lkekftd vkSj jkVh; vfHkeku txkus dk dk;Z vR;ar ljy gSA vU; fkf{kr ,oa Hkksys fganqvksa esa ;|fi ;g vfHkeku tkxzr fd;k
tkrk] rFkkfi izR;{k iz;kl esa ml vfHkeku ls Lo;a dVdj dk;Z djus dh {kerk cgqr FkksM+h gh gksxhA ijarq bl vkifk ekjihV
vkfnls tw>s gq, fganw xaqMksa esa tc Lo/kekZfHkeku tkx tkrk gS rc mlds fy, yM+us&fHkM+us dh fgEer muesa rqjar fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bldk
dkj.k LiV gh FkkA xaqMksa esa lkgl vkSj vkRekfHkeku lgt gh Hkjk gksrk gS ;k bu ln~xq.kksa dk fod`r :i gh xqaMkxnhZ gSA varj cl
bruk gh Fkk fd ftu ln~xq.kksa dks nqV d`R;ksa esa fuLrsftr fd;k tkrk Fkk] os vc fganw /keZ rFkk laLd`fr ds vfHkekuok Lotkfr;ksa dh
j{kk ds mnkk dk;Z esa yxus yxsA bl ;ksx ls ;|fi izFker% dqN xqaMs gekjs O;fDrxr izHkko rFkk gels izkIr vkfFkZd lgk;rkok bl
jkVh; dk;Z esa la?kkZ djus ds fy, rS;kj gks x, rFkkfi lkglh ohjksa dh vaxhd`r dk;Z ij xoZ djus dh tks tUetkr izo`fk gksrh gS]
mlh ds ;ksxok os ckn esa ml dk;kZFkZ vR;f/kd fujis{k Hkko ls Lo;a ds vkRekfHkeku rFkk izse ls tqVs jgsA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls
vusd fu;eiwoZd ^rqylh jkek;.k* dk ikB djus yxs] fk{kk xzg.k djus yxsA os yksx tks eD[khpwl ds :i esa [;kr Fks] /keZ dk;kZFkZ
vc Lo.kZ eqnzk fxudj nsus yxsA fganw canh yM+ds vkrs gh ge mUgsa cs[kVd muds gkFkksa lkSairsA bu fganw yM+dksa dh izse&ykylk] muds
kkSd vkfn dh Hkyh&cqjh [kkfe;ka ;gh xqaMs iwjh djus yxsA vr% ;s yM+ds vc eqlyekuksa ds gkFk ugha yxrs FksA
eqlyekuksa ds vR;kpkj fujLr
tSls&tSls fganw nafMrksa esa fganqRokfHkeku dk lapkj gksus yxk oSls&oSls eqlyeku gels tyus yxsA ckjh ds Qqlykus ij dHkh&dHkh gesa
vR;f/kd dV lgus iM+rs] u dsoy kkjhfjd&og rks ge >sy gh jgs Fks&vfirq ekufld ;kruk,a Hkh A dqN fnuksa rd ckjh ds Qqlykus
ij fetkZ [kku us ,d&nks eqlyeku okWMZjksa dks gesa chHkRl] Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsrs gq, iwjs dkjkxkj esa tc th pkgs rc] ;gka&ogka dgha Hkh
vk&tk ldrs Fks] mUgsa dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha FkhA gekjh dksBjh ds vFkok bekjr ds lkeus [kM+s jgdj os gesa vR;ar chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrs
gq, ?kaVksa [kM+s jgrs vkSj eqlyeku vf/kdkjh ;g rekkk ns[krs gq, [kh&[kh djds nkar fuiksjrsA muds lkFk mlh chHkRlrk ls
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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yM+uk gekjs fy, rks vlaHko FkkA ;fn ge mUgsa okfg;kr] vaV&kaV xkfy;ka cd Hkh nsrs rks mUgsa fdlh Hkh rjg dk ekufld dV u
gksrkA os rks mlds vH;Lr Fks ghA ijarq mudh gj xkyh ls gekjs eu ij pksV yxrh] fQj HKh ge mUgsa pqi pki lg tkrsA var esa dqN
fganw xaqMksa us] tks chHkRlrk rFkk vksNsiu esa fuiq.k Fks] tc mUgsa isap eas Qkalk rc dgha muds FkkscM+s can gq,A mUgsa ckjh dks mdlkuk Fkk]
blfy, mlls dksbZ izfrokn u djrsA ,d fganw okWMZj us ml eqlyeku okWMZj ls fNidj mlds fcLrj esa iSls] Nqfj;ka] rackdw vkfn
dkjkxkjh; fucZa/k&fojks/kh oLrq,a fNikdj j[k nha vkSj ftl fnu Ik;Zos{kd fujh{k.kkFkZ vk;k] mlh fnu vpkud mlds lkeus ml okWMZj
dk fcNkSuk idM+ok;kA vFkkZr~ fucaZ/k&fojks/kh oLrqvksa dks ikl jj[kus ds vijk/k esa ml eqlyeku okW MZj dks naM feyk vkSj mls ml dke
ls gVkdj dkjkxkj ds ckgj ,d dfBu dk;Z ds fy, Hkstk x;kA m/kj fganw yksxksa ds lkFk dqN p[kp[k gqbZ vkSj dke u djus ds
vijk/k esa mlij csar cjlk, x,A blh rjg vkSj nks&pkj eqlyeku raMy
s vkSj isVh vQljksa dks Hkh vius jktcanh rFkk vU; lkfFk;ksa
dh lgk;rk ls isap esa Mkydj ^rksM+* Mkyk x;kA rc dgha kqf}dj.k ds dkaM ls HkM+dh gqbZ eqlyekuh xqaMbZ ds gksk fBdkus yxsA
tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] dkjkxkj fLFkr gekjh laLFkk esa fk{kk ik, yksx tSls&tSls ckgj mifuoskksa esa Qsyus yxs] oSls&oSls ogka
Hkh kqf} vkanksyu pyus yxkA fganw yksxksa esa fganqRo dh psruk tSls&tSls n`<+ gksrh xbZ oSls&oSls ij/kfeZ;ksa ds vR;kpkj ls =Lr dksbZ fganw
fn[krs gh mldk nq%[k viuk izrhr gksus yxkA blls fganw] fganqvksa ds izkar foksk vFkok tkfr foksk ladqfpr /keZHkzV gqvk gS] ;g irk
pyrs gh mifuosk ds usrk fganw cafn;ksa dk /;ku vius vki ml vksj tkus yxkA bl izdkj mu yksxksa dks Hkh] tks gekjs vaneku tkus ls
iwoZ vkB&vkB] nl&nl okZ iwoZ eqlyeku gks x, Fks] kq} fd;k x;kA viuh ikar esa mUgsa Hkkstu ds fy, cSBkus esa vc fganw yksx
ûk&uq* ugha djrsA mnkgj.k ds fy, rqylh dh ckr dgwa] tks yxHkx ipkl dh vk;q dk FkkA ;g egkk; tqvk] pksjh vkfn lHkh dk;ksZa
esa ?kqVk gqvk FkkA vaneku esa eqlyekuksa dk tksj ns[kdj vkSj fganqvksa ds [kku&iku dh dViz n :f<+;ksa ls mdrkdj og eqlyeku dk
tksj ns[kdj vkSj fganqvksa ds [kku&iku dh dVizn :f<+;ksa ls mdrkdj og eqlyeku cu x;k FkkA ijarq tc gekjs yksxksa ds lrr
minskksa ls ^[kku&iku ls fganw /keZ Mwc tkrk gS* tSlh ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kk dk fganw yksx R;kx djus yxs] rc rqylh dh Hkh fganw /keZ esa
ykSVus dh bPNk gqbZA mldk eqlyekuh uke bruk ifjfpr gks pqdk Fkk fd ml vius fganw uke dk Lej.k djuk iM+kA dkxtksa esa rks
mldh fxurh eqlyekuksa esa gksus gh yxh Fkh] ijarq tgka&rgka fganqRo dk cksyckyk lqurs gh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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mldk Hkh vfHkeku tkxzr gks x;k vkSj yxHkx ianzg cjlksa ds ckn mlus iqu% fganw /keZ dks viuk;k vkSj rqylh uke /kkj.k fd;kA
izfrfnu og ^jkek;.k* dk ikB djus yxkA fcuk Hkwys ekFks ij fryd yxkus yxkA fganqvksa us Hkh mls lgtrkiw.kZ viuk lgHkksth cuk
fy;kA
[kku&iku ls fganw HkzV ugha gksrk

tSls&tSls Hkkstu laca/kh ;g vkifk nwj gksrh xbZ oSls&oSls eqlyekuksa ds fy, iqjkus HkzV fganqvksa dks laHkkyus rFkk u, fgan qvksa dks HkzV
djus esa cM+h dfBukbZ gksus yxhA vkt rd Lo;a fganw gh fdlh fganw dks fdlh eqlyeku }kjk ikuh fiykus ;k dqN [kkus dks nsus ij mls
eqlyeku le>dj cfgd`r djrs FksA dgus dh vko;drk ugah fd vkt] bl le; Hkh gekjs bl fganwLFkku esa ;g nqV vkSj xaokj
/kkj.kk kkL=h eaMfy;ksa esa Hkh izcy gSA bl ,d /kkj.kk ds dkj.k HkzV gq, fganqvksa esa ls ipkl izfrkr yksx vrhr vkSj orZeku esa
ij/kehZ gks pqds gSaA fganqLFkku dh tc vkt ;g voLFkk gS rks fQj bldh dYiuk djuk dksbZ dfBu ugha fd mu xaokj] mtM~M ifrrksa ds
vaneku fLFkr mifuoskkas dh D;k nkk gksxhA vr% vaneku esa ljsvke bl :f<+ dks rksM+us ds fy, fd ^[kku&iku ls euq; HkzV gksrk gS*
ge lrr iz;kl dj jgs gSa] vkSj ukuk izdkj ls mldk <dkslyk fganw canhokuksa ds eu ij vafdr dj jgs gSaA
;fn fganqvksa ds gkFk dk [kkdj eqlyeku fganw ugha gksrk] fganqvksa dk Hkkstu ipkdj eqlyeku gh jgrk gS] bZlkbZ bZlkbZ gh jgrk gS rks
fQj eqlyeku ds gkFk dk [kkrs gh vkidks /keZ dk nLr D;ksa gksus yxrk gS \ vkids fganqRo dh kfDr {kh.k dSls gks xbZ\ vkidh
ikpukfDr ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd eqlyeku ds gkFk dk [kkdj] bZlkbZ ds gkFk dk tyiku djds iqu% fganw ds fganw gh jgsaA lkjs foo dk
vUu [kk;k] ij vki Hkw[ks&ds&Hkw[ks gh jgsA blfy, ca/kqvksa] vc gesa lkjs foo dk vUu xVd&ipkdj iqu% fganw&dk&fganw gh jguk gS ]
ogh ,d mik; gSA bl rjg ukuk <ax ls ge fganqvksa dks le>krs jgsA izR;sd izlx
a esa ;g vFkZ muds eu ij vafdr djrs jgsA
mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d gh ?kVuk izLrqr djrk gwaA
fganw canh dk vuku

dHkh&dHkh vaneku esa dks;ys ls pyusokyh ukosa vkrh gSaA m/kj dks;ys dh pkSdh cukbZ xbZ gSA vkxs tkusokyh ukSdkvksa rFkk tgktksa dks
vR;ar vko;drk iM+us ij dks;yk fey lds] bruk laxgz ogka djds j[kk tkrk gSA ,d fnu blh rjg dks;ys ls Hkjk ,d tgkt vk
x;kA mls [kkyh djkus ds fy, fuR; fu;ekuqlkj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
267
krkf/kd cafn;ksa dks dks;yk mrkjus ds dke ij rM+ds gh Hkstk x;kA dke dh kh?kzrk gksus ls nksigj esa cafn;ksa dks Hkkstu u nsrs gq,
nks&pkj eqV~Bh Hkqus pus ckaVs tkrs FksA izkr%dky ls rhu cts rd lrr dke djds cafn;ksa dh lsuk HkkstukFkZ iqu% mifuosk esa ykSVrhA
lk/kkj.kr;k pus dh cksfj;ka&dqN fganqvksa dh vkSj dqN eqlyekuksa dh& gksrhA igys fnu dks;ys dh Hkkjh&Hkkjh Vksdfj;ka myhprs] Hkjrs]
<ksrs] Fkds&gkjs] lkjk kjhj dks;ys ls L;kg&bl rjg lSdM+ksa fganw cafn;ksa ds >q aM eqV~Bh Hkj pus [kkdj ikuh ihus ds fy, okil ykSVs rks
ns[krs gSa fd eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa ls dqN vkradoknh xqaMksa us fganqvksa dh pus dh cksjh myhpdj mlesa ls eqV~Bh Hkj&Hkjdj pus pckuk
izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA os mkj fganqLFkku ds Bkdqj fganw FksA eqlyeku us pus Nw fn, gSa] blfy, HkzV gks x, pus [kkus ds fy, dksbZ rS;kj
ugha FkkA ofjB vf/kdkjh ,d eqlyeku teknkj viuh ckhlh fn[kkus yxk] ijarq mu eqlyekuksa dks og jksd ugha jgk FkkA eqlyekuksa
dh rks ikS ckjg gks xbZA mUgksaus viuh cksfj;ka rks lkQ dj gh Mkyh] fganqvksa dh pus dh cksfj;ka Hkh] blfy, fd os [kk ugha jgs] Lo;a
gh pck MkyhA cspkjs fganw canh iwjs fnu eqV~Bh Hkj pus Hkh u feyus ls Hkw[ks isV dV mBkrs gq, okil ykSVsA nwljs fnu Hkh yxHkx ogh
ckr gqbZA fganqvksa ds fgLls dh ,d&nks cksfj;ksa dks eqlyekuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d Nwdj HkzV djrk vkSj fQj mUgsa dksbZ fganw [kkrk ugha]
blfy, eqlyekuksa dks vf/kd fgLlk nsdj eqlyeku vf/kdkjh mUgsa ckaV nsrsA xksjs vf/kdkjh Hkh ,slh gkL;kLin ?kVukvksa dh vksj
LokHkkfod :i ls >qa>ykdj dku ugha nsrs] vkSj bl lcls cspkjs fganw cafn;ksa dks vR;ar dV igaqprkA
os pus fganw D;ksa ugha cu tkrs

igys fnu eq>s ;g lkjk ekeyk gksrs gh eSaus mu cafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksxksa ds mudh bl vkRe?kkrh] ew[kZrkiw.kZ :f<+ ds laca/k esa ckr djds
dke mesBsA muls dgk] ^^vjs] vkt rqe Bkdqjksa us tysch cukbZA dksbZ eqlyeku vk;k] mlus mls gkFk yxk;kA og HkzV gks xbZA mls
Qsad fn;k] >V ls og tysch mlus xVd yhA nwljs fnu rqeus isM+s cuk,] dksbZ bZlkbZ Vidk] mlus mUgsa Lokgk fd;kA rqe iqu%
Hkw[ks&ds&Hkw[ks jgsA fganqvksa dh bl ^HkzVrk* us gh fganqvksa dks daxky cuk;k gSA fonsk eas tkdj ckgj dk iSlk Lonsk esa ykuk vlaHko gks
x;kA izeq[k dkj.k [kku&iku dh kq}rkA nsk dk /ku] vukt] fonskh ywVdj ys tkrs gSa] og ^HkzVkpkj* ugha&gekjk Hkkstu lkjk foo
Nhudj ys tk, vkSj mls [kkdj V&iqV cus] og HkzVkpkj ughaA ijarq nwljs dk Hkkstu vius ijke }kjk izkIr djds [kkuk HkzVkpkj
gSA nwljs dk gj.k er djks]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
268
ijarq vkidk ek= LikZ ls os gj.k djsa&bl rjg dh ew[kZrk rks er gksus nksA ;fn eqlyekuksa }kjk rqEgkjs pus ds cksjs esa gkFk Mkyus ls
os pus eqlyeku cu tkrs gSa rks rqe fganqvksa }kjk eqlyekuksa ds pus Nwrs gh fganw D;kas ugha curs \ vr% vjs ew[kksZ] tkvks] dy dqN yksx
dke can gksrs gh rqjr
a vkxs c<+ks vkSj eqlyekukas ds cksjs esa gkFk Mkydj pus pckuk kq: djksA ;fn os fpYyk,a rks mUgsa crkvks] ge
fganqvksa us igys bu puksa dks Nw fy;k] vr% ;s pus fganw gks x,A gekjs pus muds LikZ ls HkzV ugha gksrs] myVs ge fganqvksa ds LikZ ls
eqlyekuh pus fganw gksrs gSaA tkvks] bl vke.kkkL= ij fookl j[kksA lc iki esjs flj ijA Lo;a gh Hkw[kksa D;ksa ejrs gks \**
bl rjg psrkdj mUgsa le>krkA var esa muesa ls dsoy lkS&Ms<+ lkS yksx rnuqlkj O;ogkj djus dks rS;kj gq,A rhljs fnu bu yksxksa us
vU; fganqvksa dh izrh{kk u djrs gq, dke ls NqV~Vh feyrs gh viuk :[k lh/ks eqlyekuksa dh cksfj;ksa dh vksj djds mu ij gkFk lkQ
vkjaHk fd;kA ns[krs gh eqlyeku ks/k ls ikxy gks x,A fganqvksa us iwoZLej.k fnykdj nks&Vwd mkj fn;k] ^^ftl rjg rqe yksxksa ds
izFker% Nwus ls pus eqlyekuh cu tkrs gSa] mlh rjg vc geus bu puksa dks izFker% Nw fy;k] vr% ;s pus fganw gks x,A** og xksjk
vf/kdkjh Hkh] tks ml iwjs dke dh ns[kjs[k djrk Fkk] ;g lc lqurs gh tksj&tksj ls galus yxk vkSj mlus bu fganqvksa dks dksbZ Hkh naM
u nsrs gq, mudk vfHkuanu gh fd;kA vxqvkbZ djusokys mu fganqvksa dks eLr ns[kdj vU; lkjsa fganw canh Hkh pqipki mu puksa dks
pckus yxsA nwljs fnu ls eqlyekuksa us cksjksa dks Nwus dh /k`Vrk djuk NksM+ fn;k] D;kasfd vc mldk dqN Hkh ykHk gksusokyk ugha FkkA
HkzVrk dk nksk uV fd;k

bl izdkj izR;sd NksVs&eksVs volj ls ykHk mBkdj [kku&iku] lksuk&cSBuk vkfn NksVh&NksVh nSfud ckrksa esa ^HkzV&HkzV* fpYykus ds
fganqvksa ds ew[kZrkiw.kZ nksk ls mu cafn;ksa dks ge iwjh rjg eqDr djus esa lQy gks x,A mlls eqlyekuh vFkok bZlkbZ /keZ dh rjg gh
fganw /keZ vkSj fganw :f<+;ka Hkh ml foinxzLr foo esa O;ogkj ds fy, lq[kdj rFkk dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, leFkZ gksus yxhA
ifj.kker% ,sls vusd yksx] tks bu :f<+;ksa ds dVksa ls cdj fganw lekt ls oafpr gks x, Fks] kq} gksdj iqu% fganw cuus yxs vkSj tks
fganw ^HkzV* gksrs] os igys dh rjg ughaa gksrs FksA bZlkb;ksa ls Hkh bDdk&nqDdk dHkh&dHkh okil fy;s tkrsA ,d rsyaxh okWMZj dk mnkgj.k
nsf[k,A mldh vk;q pkyhl ds ij gks pqdh FkhA og rsyaxh Fkk] ijarq ,d ih<+h iwoZ bZlkbZ cu pqdk FkkA vaneku esa vkrs gh mls
rsyaxh jkek;.k i<+rs gq,
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
269
ns[kdj geus mlij utj j[khA mlus FkksM+h&cgqr vaxzsth Hkh i<+h FkhA ;g izR;{kr% viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kdj fd ge lqyHk <ax ls caf n;ksa
dks vaxzsth i<+kdj mUgsa êqakh* dk LFkku fnyokrs gSa] og pksjh&fNis vaxszth i<+us gekjs ikl vkus yxkA kh?kz gh og iwjh rjg ls gekjk
HkDr cu x;k vkSj jkVHkfDr rFkk fganw bfrgkl dh dFkk,a lqurs&lqurs mlus iqu% fganw lekt esa vkuk Lohdkj fd;kA og vR;ar fuMj
FkkA geus mls ijko`k djus dk iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi kq} laLdkj gksrs gh mlus viuk bZlkbZ uke cnydj vkosnu fd;k fd ljdkjh
dkxtkr esa mldk fganw uke nkf[ky fd;k tk,A iknjh ds vkus ij Hkh og izkFkZuk ds fy, ugha tkrkA ckjh us xqLls ls mls okWMZjksa ls
fudkyus dh /kedh nh] ijarq Ik;Zos{kd us mlij dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;kA fganw gksus ds Ikpkr~ fnokyh] nkgjs ds le; NqV~Vh ysdj og
dkjkx`g ls ckgj fganw eafnjksa esa Hkh tkrkA fryd yxkrk RkFkk foosdkuan vkfn dh iqLrdsa vkSj fganw bfrgkl dh ohjxkFkk,a HkfDrHkko ds
lkFk Jo.k djrkA vius VqViqfta;k ckjg vkus eghus ds vR;Yi osru ls gekjh laLFkk dks og fu;fer :i ls pkj vkus nsrkA
mifuosk esa tSls&tSls canhoku txr~ dk;kZFkZ vuqdwy gksrk x;k] oSl&s oSls gh ogka ds ^Lora=* fganw txr~ vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ls vk, gq,
O;kikjh] vf/kdkjh] flikgh vkSj mu canhokuksa dh vaneku esa gh tUe ysdj clh gqbZ iztk Hkh vuqdwy gksrh xbZA ogka bu yksxksa }kjk
cuk, x, eafnjksa esa izFker% kqf}d`r fganqvksa dks ysus esa dfBukbZ gksrh Fkh] ijarq vkxs pydj og loZFkk nwj gks xbZ vkSj nkgjk] nhokyh
vkfn fganqvksa ds mRloksa] lekjksgksa esa kqf}d`r fganw iwjh rjg ls ck/kk jfgr vU; fganqvksa ds lkFk jkek;.k ikB vkSj nkZu esa rYyhu
fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA
ckckjko ij vke.k
bruk lcdqN gksus ij Hkh dHkh&dHkh kqf}dk;Z esa eqlyekuksa }kjk naxk&Qlkn djus rd ds izlax Hkh vk,A lu~ 1920 ds vkxs&ihNs
xqtjkrh eqlyekuksa ds ,d vR;ar csg;k] fuyZTt rFkk mn~naM xaqMs us vius ,d ^Nksdjs* dks ikyk Fkk vkSj fu;ksftr i}fr ds vuqlkj
bl ikyu dk fup; fganqRo ds ekku esa tkdj ml fganw yM+ds dks eqlyeku cukus esa gksus okyk FkkA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh gekjs
ca/kq us] tks mlh d{k esa can Fks] gj rjg ds iz;Ru ls ml yM+ds dks ml xqaMs ds paxy
q ls fudkykA ,d fganw eqakh us gekjs dgus ij
ml yM+ds dks ml d{k ls cnydj ,d fooluh; fganw canh ds iklokyh dksBjh ns nhA blls vkx&ccwyk gksdj ml eqlyeku xaqMs us
gekjs HkkbZ ij le; geyk fd;k tc os Luku djds cnu iksaN jgs FksA mlus mudh ukd ij tksjnkj eqDdk ekjkA ml vpkud
vke.k ds vk?kkr ls gekjs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
270
ca/kq dks pDdj vk x;k] [kwu dk Qookjk QwV iM+kA brus esa vkl&ikl ds jktcanh rFkk lk/kkj.k canh vk x, vkSj og xqaMk idM+k
x;kA ijarq ;g lekpkj lqudj gekjs ckjh us D;k fd;kA lcds lkeus lfLer ckr djrs gq, ml xqaMs dh yxHkx ihB Bksadh vkSj
,d&nks yksxksa ds lkeus LiV fudkys] ^^fdruk vPNk gks] ;fn lkojdj dk ?keaM Hkh blh rjg rksM+k tk,A**
ijarq ;g ?keaM Qkalh dh Nkao esa Hkh ugha VwVk rks bl rjg vaxqfy;ka pVdkus ls dSls VwVsxk\ lkojdj dk lkoZtfud vkanksyu rks ugha
nck] fdarq ml xqaMs dh eLrh kh?kz gh mrj xbZA vU; vijk/kksa ds fy, vkxs pydj mls nks ckj csar [kkus iM+sA og tc gekjs ikl dh
dksBjh esa can gks x;k rks ,dne x cudj gesa ^ckck* dgus yxk vkSj LiV fd;k&x.ksk ckcw ij okj djus ds fy, eq>s ckjh us
Qqlyk;k Fkk] vU;Fkk esjs cki dh Hkh fgEer ugha gksrhA ijarq og ;k mlds ckjh egjkt gh tkurs gSa fd ml dFku esa dgka rd lPpkbZ
FkhA
bl rjg Lo;a vusd ihM+k,a lghaA vkanksyu dks rks NksM+us dks eu ugha djrkA bl rjg igys ls gh vok] dVizn rFkk vlgk;
voLFkk esa fnu O;rhr djrs tc bu lkoZtfud iz;klksa ds dkj.k ;g fLFkfr vR;f/kd vlguh; gksrh rc dHkh&dHkh lksprk& cl cgqr
gqvk ;g >esykA ,d rks vius vkidk dV lg jgs gSa] mlls gh vius fgLls dk lkoZtfud drZO; iwjk gks jgk gS] vkSj vc vU;
fNViqV drZO;ksa dk Hkkj nwljs yksx mBk,aA ijarq ;g izo`fk dqN iy fVdrhA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh fd dksbZ fganw eqlyekuksa dh pisV esa
vk x;k gS] vFkok fdlh canh dh] pkgs og dksbZ Hkh gks] vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vU;k;iwoZd fiVkbZ dh xbZ gS] izfrf;k&kfDr dk ,dne Tokj
lk meM+ vkrkA ,slk izrhr gksrk] tSls og vU;k; ;k vieku esjk gh gqvk gS vkSj gkFk&ij&gkFk /kjs cSBuk loZFkk vlaHko gksrkA eu
ckj&ckj dgus yxrk&
^û tkuifnda nq%[k ,d% lksfgrqegZfrA
vkkspu~ izfrdqohZr ;fn I;sniq ee~AA
bl opu ls eu esa Hkjh izo`fk dks jksdus dk iz;kl djrkA esjs fopkj ls tc eu dks viuh tkfr] jkV rFkk /keZ ds vieku ls
osnuk,a gksrh gSa] ijarq fu:ik; vlhe iatjc} O;k?kz ln`k og eu lrr NviVkrk jgrk gS] rc dHkh blh izlaxok JhleFkZ ds eq[k ls
;g mn~xkj fudysa gksaxs&
^^LokFkZ xsyk rkVkrqVh] tMrh ijkFkZ mik/kh
vkrk lko/kku thok] R;kx dsykph djkokA**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
271
&^^LokFkZ x;k fo;ksx esa] te xbZ ijkFkZ mikf/k;ka] cuks lko/kku] gs tho! viuk yks R;kx dh d`fr;kaA**
muds eu tSlh cspSuh ls eqDr gksdj eSa vius eu dks dqN kkar djus ds fy, muds mi;qZDr opuksa dk ckj&ckj tki djus dk iz;kl
djrk] D;ksafd ix&ix ij jkVh; ,oa /kkfeZd viekuksa ds vk?kkr lgu djrs&djrs eu bl rjg tyus yxrk] tSls vkx yxh gksA
vius LoHkkook vusd ekufld] kkjhfjd vkSj ykSfdd la=kl] vR;kpkj lgrs gq, Hkh fganw tuksa esa fganqRo ds vfHkeku dk lapkj gqvk
vkSj mls ,d lcy jkV cukus ds fy, mudh ?kkrd] ew[kZrkiw.kZ :f<+;ksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+us dk ;g dk;Z vf/kdkfj;ksa] eqlyekuksa vkSj
Lo;a Lotuh;] lo/kehZ; fganw yksxksa ds fojks/k ls VDdj ysrs gq, ;FkklaHko vkxs c<+k, fcuk ge kkafr ls ugha cSB ldrsA kh?kz gh gesa
,sls vusd jktcafn;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa dk lkFk feyus yxk] tks gesa mruh gh vkLFkk ls lg;ksx nsus ds fy, dej dls gq, FksA muesa ls
izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds uke mtkxj djus dh bPNk gks jgh gS] ijarq vHkh rd ge muls ;g ugha tku ik, fd mudh orZeku fLFkfr esa
muds uke mtkxj djuk mUgsa vPNk yxsxk ;k ugha] vr% muds uke ugha fn, tk jgsA ;fn dHkh vxys laLdj.k dk lkSHkkX; izkIr
gqvk] rks mUgsa mtkxj djds d`rKrk ds _.k ls ge vius vkidks vkSj vius ikBdksa dks vakr% vo; eqDr djsaxsA fokskr% vkxs
pydj iatkc fLFkr ykgkSj&vfHk;ksx ds tks jktuhfrd canh vk, Fks] muesa ,sls vusd d`rfup;h] nskizseh fudys] ftUgksaus bl fganqRo dks
lefiZr gksdj uhp ls Hkh uhp vFkok {kqnz&ls&{kqnz fganw dh fk{kkFkZ] Lo/keZ izlkjkFkZ vkSj ij/keZ ds fkdats ls mUgsa eqDr djus ds fy,
O;fDrk% lrr iz;Ru fd,A ijarq buesa ls izk;% lHkh dks bl kqf}dj.k fganw laxBu dk ego le>kdj bl dk;Z ds fy, izo`k djuk
laHko gksus rd lkjk cks> gesa vius ^lk/kkj.k* cafn;ksa esa ls FkksM+s ls lg;ksfx;ksa dds lkFk Lo;a <ksuk iM+kA
tSlkfd vU;= o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] /khjs&/khjs okWMZjksa ls ysdj eqakh] isVh vQlj vkSj teknkj gh ugha] ^Lora=* yksxksa dh vf/kdkfj;ksa rd
ukuk rjg ls flQkfjk vkfn ls fganqRo ds vfHkekuh vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fdl x, vkSj mu iBkuh] iatkch vkfn eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa
dks] ftudh uhp izo`fk;ka /kekZa/krk ds dkj.k vkSj vf/kd mn~naM cuh gqbZ Fkh] Qans esa Qalk&Qa lkdj ^rksM+k* x;kA blls fganqvksa ij gks
jgk mRihM+u] vR;kpkj ,oa vU;k; de gqvk vkSj HkzV djus dh eqlyekuh dqizo`fk Hkh can gks xbZA pkj O;fDr;ksa dks NksM+dj
de&ls&de izR;sd ftys ds mu yksxksa dks] ftuls ge ifjfpr Fks] tks igys fganw /keZ ls HkzV gks x, Fks] iqu% Lo/keZ esa fy;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
272
bl dk;Z esa ftyksa&ftyksa ls ysdj iwjs mifuosk esa kqf} rFkk /kekZarj.k dks ysdj dkexkjksa ds >xM+ksa dk ij tks laf{kIr o.kZu fd;k x;k
gS] mlh rjg gesa fganw&eqlyekuksa ds >xM+s >syus iM+sA ,d ckj ^mnwZ* uked ftys esa mHk; i{kksa }kjk ofjB vf/kdkjh rd >xM+k ys
tkus ij dkjkxkj dh gh rjg vknsk gks x;k fd ljdkjh uhfr ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh fganw dk vFkok eqlyeku dk /kekZarj.k Lohd`r ugha
fd;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ vaneku esa izosk djrs le; canh dk tks /keZ gksxk] ogh var rd ekU; le>k tk,xkA bl vknskkuqlkj ml
cLrh esa tks fganw eqlyeku cu x, Fks vkSj ftudk ukekarj.k fd;k x;k Fkk] muds HkzVhdj.k dk ljdkjh vk/kkj vius vki gh lekIr
gks x;k vkSj blls mUgsa iqu% fganw dgykus ij eqlyekuksa }kjk vfHk;ksx yxkus vFkok vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dks iHkktu cuus dk Mj ugha jgkA
bl ifjorZu ds dkj.k ;g [kkst djuk vko;d gks x;k fd tks yksx eqlyeku dgykrs Fks] mudh ewy tkfr dkSu lh gSA blds
vfrfjDr dbZ ckj fganw yM+dksa ds uke ds vkxs ljdkjh dkxtkr esa muds vius ^canh i=dksa* ij Hkh /kM+Yys ds lkFk fy[kk tkrk&bLyke
/keZ ds vuq;k;hA bldk Hkh ijh{k.k djuk vko;d FkkA geus ns[kk gS fd eqlyeku eqakh gh ;g lc djrs FksA
vc bl le; tc ge fy[k jgs gSa] b/kj jRukfxjh esa ,d fganw esgrj ds csVs dk uke eqlyekuh cks/k djkus okyk j[kk x;kA ;g
ekeyk mtkxj gks pqdk gSA bl teknkj us nks vkosnu&i= fy[ks] rFkkfi mlds vKkuok] vYio;Ld csVs dks vHkh rd eqlyeku ekuk
tkrk gSA ;g dk;Zokgh rc gqbZ tc pkj okZ iwoZ og fekujh Ldwy esa FkkA ^rqe eqlyeku gks*& jkst&jkst yksxksa ls ;g lqurs&lqurs og
vKkuh ckyd Hkh vius vki dks eqlyeku gh le>us yxkA vc ;g ekeyk mtkxj gks pqdk gS] blfy, bldk lek/kku gks x;k gSA
kh?kz gh ljdkjh dkxtkr esa mldh fganw tkfr Lohd`r dh tk,xhA
vr% ,d ckj ewyHkwr dkex&i=ksa rd iwNrkN djds fganwvksa ds lHkh yksxksa dh fxurh gksA tks ifrr fganw kqf}d`r gks x, Fks] muds bl
le; esa cnys gq, uke vkSj /keZ dkVdj fyf[kr i=ksa esa fganw uke vkSj /keZ fy[kk tk, vkSj ftuds ukeksa dh cyiwoZd ij/kfeZ;ksa esa
x.kuk dh tkrh gS] mUgas gj dkxt ij fganw yksxksa esa ntZ fd;k tk,] blds fy, fganqLFkku ls izR;sd canh ds lkFk vk, gq , dkxtkr
ns[kuk vko;d FkkA ijarq okLro eas ,d okZ esa fiNys lkjs dkxt ns[kuk dSls laHko gksxk vkSj feyus ij Hkh ljdkj ;g dke dSls
djus nsxh] ;g ,d cM+h leL;k FkhA
lkSHkkX; ls ;g leL;k lqy>kus dk volj vpkud izkIr gks x;kA xr tux.kuk ds le; vaneku esa og x.kuk Census izkjaHk gksrs
gh ml dk;Z ij gekjs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
273
vR;ar fooluh; yksx fu;qDr fd, x,A ml le; gekjs ihNs yxk gqvk ljdkjh lansg dk >a>V izpqj ek=k esa <qyeqy gks x;k Fkk
vkSj gesa dHkh&dHkh ys[;ky; nrj esa fy[kus dk dke djus dh vuqefr fey tkrh FkhA ysfdu dSls vkSj dc] bldk o`kkar vkxs
pydj vk,xkA ijarq kqf}&o`kkar ds vuql/a kkukFkZ ;gka bruk mYys[k djuk gh vko;d FkkA
tux.kuk ds volj ij
vaneku esa xr tux.kuk dk dk;Z kq: gksrs gh nqHkkZX;ok fganqLFkku fLFkr fganqvksa esa QSyh vkilh lkaiznkf;d dyg dh izfr/ofu ogka Hkh
gksus yxhA esjk fopkj Fkk fd bl uwru tux.kuk ds volj dk ykHk mBkrs gq, fiNyh lHkh =qfV;ka vkSj HkzVhdj.k gsrq tku&cq>dj
dh xbZ dkV&ihV dks lq/kkjk tk,xk] fganqvksa dh v[kaM vkSj lq/kkfjr tux.kuk gksxh] mudh fufpr la[;k ljdkjh vfHkys[kksa esa ntZ dh
tk,xhA bl laca/k esa geus lkfFk;ksa ls fey&tqydj ;FkklaHko gj dk;kZy; ls vaneku ds lHkh ftyksa esa lansk HkstsA lkSHkkX;ok tux.kuk
dk egoiw.kZ dk;Z dkjkxkjh; dk;kZy; eas gksuk FkkA fofHkUu Lfkkuksa dh tux.kuk ds dkxtkr dk fujh{k.k djds cafn;ksa ds uke] xkao]
/keZ] tkfr lgh&lgh fy[ksa gSa ;k ugha] ;g lc okjaV dh ewy izfr vkSj tsy ds vfHkys[kksa ls feykdj gh tkuk tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu
,slk u gksus ij gh og dke b/kj lkSaik x;k FkkA vr% ml dke esa gkFk caVkus ds fy, ge yksxksa esa ls vusd yksx vkxs c<+s vkSj mUgsa
vuqefr Hkh fey xbZA
ijar gekjs dqN vk;Zlekth ca/kqvksa us chp esa gh izkphu dky esa fganw kCn lacaf/kr ml lekt ds yksxksa dh tks Hkzked /kkj.kk Fkh] mlh
dh iqjkjko`fk djrs gq, tux.kuk esa viuk uke ^fganw* dh ctk, ^vk;Z* ntZ djkus dh ;kstuk cukbZA vk;Zl ekft;ksa ds ;s fopkj lqurs
gh ml le; dkjkxkj esa vk, fl[k jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN usrkvksa rFkk vaneku fLFkr fl[k cafn;ksa rFkk flikfg;ksa us Hkh vius vkidks
^fganw* u dgykrs gq, ^fl[k* ds :i esa ntZ djus dk gB fd;kA
geus viuh ^fganqRo* khkZd iqLrd esa foLrkjiwoZd ;g fl} fd;k gS fd ^fganw* kCn ds okLrfod vFkZ ds fok; esa fganqvksa ds vusd
laiznk;ksa dks tks frjLdkj gS] og mudh HkkkkkkL=h; ,oa ,sfrgkfld vKkurk ds dkj.k gSA
vc ykyk yktirjk;] J}kuan] HkkbZ ijekuan vkfn ukeoj vk;Zlekth usrkvksa us Hkh ^fga n*w kCn ds fy, viuk ;FkkFkZ eeRo iznfkZr
fd;k gS vkSj fganw laxBuksa ds O;kid vkanksyuksa ls ls ;g vuqnkjrk Hkh lukruh vkSj vk;Zlekth nksuksa us Hkqyk nh gS vkSj kkfCnd kqd
Hksn ls ij mB x, gSa] blfy, ge ;gka fganw kCn ds okLrfod
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
274
vFkZ vkSj O;k[;k dh ppkZ djuk mfpr ugha le>rsA cl ;gh dguk i;kZIr gS fd baXySaM esa jgrs gq, tc gesa ;g Mj lrkus yxk fd
fganqvksa dh lkaiznkf;d dyg ls fganqRo [kaM&[kaM gks tk,xk vkSj viuh vf[ky tkfr dks ,d lw= esa] ,d /ot ds uhps laxfBr djus dh
kfDr orZeku fLFkr esa ftl ,deso kCn esa ksk cph gS] og ^fganw* kCn Hkzked fo}skksa ds vk?kkrksa ls dgha iaxq rks ugha cu tk,xk] rc
geus mu ladVksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, eu&gh&eu fganw kCn dh lPph] ,sfrgkfld rFkk lkoZf=d O;k[;k fufpr dh FkhA mldk
minsk ge vkBksa igj fkf{kr vFkok vfkf{kr&bldk fopkj u djrs gq,&vaneku ds cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= O;fDr;ksa dks djrs vk,A og
izR;sd O;fDr ^fganw* gS ftldh fir`Hkwfe vkSj iq.;Hkwfe /keZHkwfe fganqLFkku gSA mu fnuksa tks Hkh vk;Zlekth] fl[k vkSj tSu feyrk] mlls
geus lrr bl O;k[;k dh ppkZ dh] fookn pyk;kA vkt ^fganqRo*56 iqLrd izdkfkr gks pqdh gSA fganqRo dh og O;k[;k gS&
^^vkflU/kq flU/kqi;ZUrk;L; HkkjrHkwfedkA
fir`Hkw% iq.;HkwpSo l oS fganqfjfr Le`r%AA**
fganqLFkku esa egku~ euhfk;ksa ls ysdj fganqlHkk dh kk[kksikk[kkvksa esa ;g O;k[;k Lohd`r gSA ijarq vaneku ds mu fnuksa es a ;g O;k[;k u,
fljs ls vkxs vkus ds dkj.k mldh lR;rk rFkk mi;ksfxrk le>kus ds fy, gj O;fDr ds lkFk ppkZ djrs le; fdruh ekFkkiPph djuh
iM+rh FkhA
fl[k Hkh fganq gh gSa
blds dkj.k esjs vk;Zlekth fe=ksa dh fganw kCn fok;d frjLdkj cqf} dkQh de gqbZ vkSj mUgksaus vius vkidks ^fganw* ds :i esa ntZ
djkuk Lohdkj fd;kA ;g r; gqvk fd ^fganw* kCn ds vkxs dksBd esa ^vk;Zlekth* fy[kdj vf/kd LiV fd;k tk,A ;gh U;k;iw.kZ
le>kSrk fl[k fe=ksa dks Hkh lq>k;kA ijarq muesa ls dqN vfrjsd ds fy, Hkh fl} Fks] vr% mUgsa le>kus esa cgqr flj [kikuk iM+kA ;fn
gesa tux.kuk esa ^fganw* ds :i esa ntZ fd;k x;k rks ge Hkw[k&gM+rky djsaxs vkSj Lo;a dks dso y ^fl[k* lacksf/kr djus ds fy, lHkh dks
ck/; djsax&s ;g izfriknu djus esa Hkh mUgkasus vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[kkA ijarq var esa mu lHkh ls vkLFkkiwoZd izkFkZuk dh xbZ fd ^ca/kqvksa!
eqlyeku] bZlkbZ vkfn gekjh tkfr dh cksVh&cksVh djus okys bu
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ewyr% ;g iqLrd vaxszth esa gSA blds vusd Hkkkkvksa esa vuqokn gks pqds gSaA blh O;k[;k ds lw= ysdj Hkkjr kklu us ^fganw* dh
O;k[;k dhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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fo/kfeZ;ksa dk gesa lkeuk djuk gSA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa rks ge vius tkfr fo?kkrd nqjfHkeku dk R;kx djsaA de&ls&de ;g ekeyk
lhek ls vkxs c<+k;k tk,A os yksx tks fganqvksa esa ;FkklaHko QwV Mkydj gekjs v[kaM lekt ds VqdM+s&VqdMs+ djuk pkgrs gSa& vo;
dgsaxs fd ^fl[k fganw ugha gSa] mudh tux.kuk vyx dh tk,A rks D;k mudh pky foQy djuh gS ;k lkaiznkf;d gB ls k=q dh
lgk;rk djuh gS\ ;g izu ,d kCn dk ugha gSA D;k bl kCn tSlk kCn Hkh bl fLFkfr esa nwljk dksbZ vfLrRo esa gS&tks viuh bl
izkphu tkfr dks ,d lw= esa] ,d uke ds uhps yk lds\ ;g fdrus nqHkkZX; dh ckr gS fd brus ljy ro dk gesa cks/k ugha fd tkfr
tSls lk/kkj.k kCn ds ihNs tkfr&lk/kkj.k izse] vfHkeku vkSj eeRo mRiUu gksrk gSA fQj ,slk FkksMs+ gh gS fd fl[k ugha dgyk;k tk
ldrk\ ge izFker% ^fganw* ntZ djsaxs vkSj dksBd esa fl[k ugha dgyk;k tk ldrk\ ge izFker% ^fganw& ntZ djsaxs vkSj dksBd esa fl[k
vFkok vk;Z vFkok czkks] lukru tks Hkh gks] fy[k ysax&s ;gh mke ekxZ gSA* bl rjg gekjk fujFkZd Je rc rd pyrk jgk tc rd
mlls mdrkgV u gksus yxh& rc dgha fl[kksa esa ls dqN le>nkj fe=ksa vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dks cks/k gks ldk] vkSj mUgksaus vUu R;kx tSls
mik;ksa dk voyacu djuk pkgusokys yksxksa dh ;kstuk /kjkkk;h dj nhA ,d vkSj ?kVuk vuk;kl gh lkeus vk xbZ] ftlus ;g LiV
fd;k fd ,d vfroknh O;fDr Hkh vius lkaiznkf;d nqjfHkeku ls fdl rjg tkrh; ,drk dk loZukk djrk gSA fl[kksa esa gh vdkyh]
lgt/kkjh] dsk/kkjh fl[k* ds :i esa vius dks ntZ djsaxs] u fd ek= fl[k dsA eSaus bl mnkgj.k dks lkeus j[kdj ;g LiV fd;k fd
tSls gh laiznk;ksa us ,d ckj ladqfpr n`fV j[kh fd tkrh; ,drk nwj rd VwVrh tkrh gSA bldk Hkh vPNk ifj.kke fudykA var esa esjs
fl[k fe=ksa ds lg;ksx ls lHkh ds lkFk dqN&u&dqN le>kSrk laHko gks x;k vkSj ;g r; gqvk fd ofjB fl[k vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ,d
vkosnu&i= Hkstas] ftlesa os viuk i{k izLrqr djsa] ijarq blls vf/kd fojks/k u djrs gq, tux.kuk esa viuk /keZ ^fganw* ntZ djs dksBd
esa ^fl[k* fy[ksaA
;g le>kSrk U;k; Fkk] D;kasfd fl[kksa ds ewyHkwr okjaVksa ij gh muds uke mlds Ikpkr~ ^fl[k*] vkxs iqu% tkfr ^tkV* vFkok êtgc*
vkfn dk mYys[k gksrk FkkA ;g canh i=d prisoners sheets izR;sd fl[k vius&vius ikl j[krk] ijarq eSa tkV u gksdj fl[k gh gwa]
,slk dksbZ ugha dgrkA fQj ;s tkV] lks<+h vkfn tkfr;ka fganqvksa dh gh Fkh] vr% mUgha dh rjg ^fganw* dh iafDr esa viuk uke ntZ
djkus esa mUgsa dksbZ vkfifk ugha FkhA
bl cgkus fganqvksa esa ^fganw* kCn dh lPph O;k[;k dk Kku QSyus esa vPNk
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Lkg;ksx izkIr gqvkA ljdkjh mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ;k Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh ;g ppkZ gks jgh FkhA
vkf[kj lHkh dh ,dokD;rk gqbZA tux.kuk ds dkxtkr tc fufj{k.k] kqf}dj.k ds Ikpkr~ vafre izfr ds :i esa rS;kj fd, x, rc
dgha ge vius nskfHkekuh rFkk mRlkgh lgk;dksa ds lkFk laiznk; rqY; fganw ek= dks ,d ^fganw* ds :i esa lek ldsA iqjkusa okWjaV ns[krs
gq, dbZ fnu lrr cSBdj O;rhr djus iM+sA os iksfFk;ka myV&iqyV djrs&djrs fdruh gh euksjt
a d ckrsa mtkxj gks xbZA ,d O;fDr us]
tks tUetkr esgrj HkaxhFkk] viuh tkfr cnyrs&cnyrs rktk ljdkjh vfHkys[k esa czk.k fy[kokbZ Fkh] D;kasfd ,d ckj czk.k dgykus
ls Hkkstu O;oLFkk esa fdlh ^[kkl* LFkku ij fu;qfDr dk volj tks feysxk! ,d Hkaxh vius vkidks czk.k dgyk,] blesa esjs eu esa
dkSrqd dh Hkkouk FkhA ijarq ;g ns[kdj fd ,sls fdrus lkjs yksxksa dks] tks ewyr% fganw Fks] vR;kpkj] cy rFkk diV ls eqlyeku cuk;k
x;k& vkp;Z vkSj [ksn gksrkA ;s lkjs dkxtkr vius fe=ksa dks fn[kkdj mUgsa bl ckr dk lcy izek.k nsuk laHko gqvk fd okZ&nks okksZa
ls geus tks kqf} dk vkanksyu NsM+k Fkk] og fdruk vko;d FkkA dgus dh vko;drk ugha fd tux.kuk dh ubZ dkWih cukrs le;
mu yksxksa dks geus bl ys[kk esa iqu% ^fganw* gh ntZ fd;k] ftudh eqlyekuksa esa x.kuk dh tkrh FkhA muesa ls izk;% lHkh dks kq} fd;k
gh x;k FkkA bl ys[kk }kjk ge lHkh dks bruk lizek.k larksk rks vo; izkIr gqvk fd de&ls&de mu fganqvksa dks] tks foxr nl okksZa
ls fganqRo ls oafpr fd, x, Fks] kqf}dj.k }kjk ge iqu% Lotkfr esa lekfoV dj lds( vkSj mlls Hkh vPNh ckr ;g gS fd eqlyekuh
/keZ izlkj dh vka/kh dks eqagrksM+ tokc feyus ls u, fganqvksa dks HkzV djuk muds fy, yxHkx vlaHko fd;k tk ldkA
bl tux.kuk ds ifjJe ls ge fufpr :i esa ;g le> ik, fd fdrus fganw eqlyeku cu x, Fks] muesa ls fdruksa dks iqu% fganw
cuk;k x;k vkSj vHkh fdrus ksk gSa& blls iqu% mUgsa Hkh fganqvksa esa lekfoV djuk laHko gks x;kA
,sls /keZkdwj] tks ;g ew[kZrkiw.kZ ckr dj jgs Fks fd vaneku ds kqf}dj.k vkanksyu }kjk bruk lkjk dk;Z u djrs gq, dsoy êqlyeku
Hkh fganw gks ldrk gS]* ;gh ckr yksxksa ds eu esa cSBkrs rks Hkh og vkanksyu ,d lQy vkanksyu dgykrk vFkok ^fganw eqlyeku rks gksrk
gS ij eqlyeku fganw dSls gks ldrk gS\* loZFkk bUgha kCnksa esa tks izu [kM+k dj jgs Fks] vc vaneku esa ,slk dksbZ ugha jgkA gka]
eqlyeku dks Hkh fganw cuk;k tk ldrk gS] ;g ckr vaneku fLFkr mu fga nqvksa dh vc ,d n`<+ /kkj.kk cu pqdh gS fd fganw /keZ dk
isV bruk fu%kDr ugha gS dsoy nks xzkl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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Ekqlyekuh Hkkstu djus ls nLr yxsa vkSj izk.k mM+ tk,aA kqf}dj.k vka nksyu dk ;g Hkh dksbZ lk/kkj.k ykHk ugha gS] D;kasfd fganqLFkku ds
^lq/kh* rFkk ^Lora=* yksxksa esa Hkh bl rjg ds /keZkdwj vkt Hkh miyC/k gSa] tks ;gh ew[kZrkiw.kZ izu cM+h xaHkhjrk ls djrs gSaA
;g LiV djus ds fy, fd ;g tkx`fr ge tsls ,d&nks tuksa ij fuHkZj u jgdj vkxs pydj ogka ds tuekul esa fdruh c}ewy gks
xbZ Fkh] mnkgj.k ds fy, vaneku NksM+us ds Ikpkr~ dh ?kfVr ,d&nks ?kVuk,a ;gka dj nsrk gwaA
vaneku esa igys fdlh Hkh fganw L=h ds eqlyeku ls fookg djrs gh og eqlyeku cu tkrh FkhA ijarq Lo;a fganw jgdj eqlyeku ls
fganw gksus ds fy, og ugha dg ldrh FkhA fganqvksa dh fookg fok;d /kkj.kk,a vR;ar dksey gksus ds dkj.k dksbZ Hkh fganw canh vaneku
fLFkr efgykvksa dks [khjk&ddM+h le>dj muls lglk fookg ugha djrkA blds foijhr] fookg rks nwj] dosy laca/kkFkZ rS;kj gksrs gh
eqlyeku fdlh Hkh fganw L=h dks ugha udkjrk] D;ksafd blls ,d dkfQjkuh dks eqlyeku cukus rFkk larfr&o/kZu dk dke tks gksrkA mls
;g rF; ?kqV~Vh esa fiyk;k tkrk fd vkSjr pkgs dSlh Hkh gks] ikd gksrh gSA vaneku fLFkr fganw vfHkekuh yksxksa dks bl ;FkkFkZ dk
tSls&tSls cks/k gksus yxk oSl&s oSls os bl vksj ls lrZd jgus yxs fd dksbZ fganw ukjh eqlyekuksa ds gRFks u p<+sA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ,d
Bdqjkbu ,d eqlyeku dh laxr ls [kku&iku ds laca/k esa eqlyeku cu xbZA vkxs pydj mlus fookg djus dk fup; fd;kA mlus
LiV kCnksa esa psrkouh nh fd ;fn dksbZ fganw mls kqf}iwoZd Lolekt esa lekfoV djrs gq, mlls C;kg ugha jpk ldrk] rks og vius
eqlyeku Lusgh ls C;kg dj ysxhA eqlyeku rks blds fy, ,d Vkax ij [kM+s gh FksA ;g ladV ns[kdj ,d /kekZf/kdkjh fganw lTtu us
mlls fookg djus dk fup; fd;k] dsoy blfy, fd mls eqlyekuksa ds paxqy ls NqM+k ldsa vkSj mldh Hkkoh larku vius jke&d`.k
ds vfHkekuh fganw dqy esa jgsA nqHkkZX; dh ckr ;g fd ;g loZFkk U;k;laxr ckr Hkh eqlyekuksa ds dkuksa esa tkrs gh] mUgksaus mldk
izfrokn djrs gq, dgk fd og efgyk eqlyeku gks pqdh gS] vr% fdlh fganw ls C;kg ugha jpk ldrh] vkSj ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks
vkosnu&i= Hkstus rd ckr c<+kbZA fganw L=h HkzV gksdj eqlyeku ifr dj ldrh gS] ijarq fganw L=h kq} gksdj Hkh fganw ifr ugha dj
ldrh\ gesa bl rF; dk foLej.k ugha djuk pkfg, fd bl rjg dh vfrjsdh ekax djus dk fuyZTt lkgl djus ds fy, ge fganqvksa
dh ?kkrd] ew[kZrkiw.kZ rFkk vlkef;d :f<+;ksa us gh eqlyekuksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k gSA blds fo:} lkjs fganqvksa us ,dtqV gksdj tc
izfrokn fd;k rc vf/kdkfj;ksa us fu.kZ; fn;k fd ^ml L=h ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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ewyr% fganw gksus ds dkj.k rFkk gekjs }kjk kqdkkqdh /kekZarj.k djus ij ikcanh yxkus ds dkj.k] ;fn mldh bPNk gks rks og fganw ls
fookg djus ds fy, iw.kZr;k Lora= gSA* bl fu.kZ; ds Ikpkr~ eqlyekuksa dks pqi jguk iM+k vkSj ml Lo/kekZfHkekuh fganw x`gLFk us ml
Bdqjkbu ls fganw /kekZuqlkj C;kg jpk;kA
dke Vkyus dk cgkuk uekt
gekjs vkus ds Ipkr~ Hkh blds mnkgj.k gesa Kkr gks x, fd nqV eqlyekuksa dks viuh vdkj.k k=qrk rFkk mn~naMrk ds fy, fganw ca fn;ksa
us laxfBr :i esa fdl rjg lcd fl[kk;kA muesa ls vkSj ,d dk mYys[k ge dj jgs gSaA oLrqr% eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa lSdM+ksa yksx ,sls
gksrs gSa tks izfrfnu ,d ckj Hkh uekt ugha i<+rsA ijarq dsoy mUgsa fganqvksa dks fp<+kus ds fy, dqN&u&dqN cgkuk pkfg,] vr% bUghas
fof/kkwU; O;kolkf;d pksj&Mkdqvksa dks vpkud iwjk eqlyekuh /keZkkL= Lej.k gksus yxrk gSA fdlh dBksj ifjJe dk dke djus ds
fy, cafn;ksa dh Vksyh Hksth tkrs gh ml Vksyh dk izR;sd eqlyeku canh iSxc
a j tSlk gh elhgk] /keZHkh: gksdj fnu esa ikap ugah
lkr&lkr ckj uekt i<+us yxrk gS] D;ksafd dksbZ uekt i<+us yxs rks ljdkjh vf/kdkjh ml le; rd eqlyeku canh dks NqV~Vh nsrs gSa
vkSj ml le; cspkjs fganw yksxksa ds dke esa tqVs jgus ls mu VqPps] xq:?kaVky eqlyekuksa dk dke de gks tkrk gS&,sls le; eqlyekuksa
ds ikft;ksa esa Hkh ikth iqjkus pkaMkyksa dh Hkh bZk&fparu esa rYyhurk ns[kus ;ksX; gksrhA vkgk! Uekt i<+us ls igys gkFk&ikao /kksuk otw
djuk] kkar fpk ls u<+h dks iqu%&iqu% gkFk ls lgykuk] uekt i<+us ds Ikpkr~ Hkh vka[ksa can fd, ,sls fparueXu eqnzk esa fLFkj jguk]
vkSj og bZk&fparu dh kkafr! ,sls le; ,slk yxrk gS fd ;ksxlw=ksa eas lekf/k ds lk/ku dh tks izk.kk;ke] bV izrhd] tki vkfn vusd
fo|k,a mfYyf[kr gSa& muesa ls ;s nks fo|k,a dgha NwV rks ugha xbZ! ,d rks lkeus nw/k dk dVksjk gksuk pkfg, vFkok eNyh peduh
pkfg, vSj nwljk lk/ku canhkkyk esa dBksj ifjJe djokuk] D;ksafd izFke nks izlaxksa esa fcYyh vkSj cxqys dh vkSj dBksj ifjJe ds
nkZu ls gh bl rjg bu eqlyekuh pksj&Mkdw cxqyk&Hkxrksa dh tSlh kkar eqnkz cu tkrh gS] og lekf/kLFk rUe;rk ls dqN vf/kd fHkUUk
rks ugha fn[krhA
ckWax vkSj ka[k dh izfrLi/kkZ
eqlyekuksa esa ls yqPps] dkepksj yksx dke dh cyk Vkyus ds fy, uekt ds vfrfjDr ,d vkSj ;qfDr dk voyacu ysrs gq, geus ns[ks
gSa] tks dsoy fganw yksxksa dks fp<+kus ds fy, vFkok ljdkjh fucZa/k dk vU;k;iw.kZ mYya?ku djrs gq, xaqMkxnhZ
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dk Madk ctkus ds fy, gS& og gS Hkksj dh osyk esa ^ckax* nsukA ^ckax* dk vFkZ gS] rM+ds mBdj uekt ds vkxs&ihNs lHkh dks txkdj
bZk fparukFkZ rRij jgus ds fy, aph vkokt esa dh gqbZ iqdkj] yydkjA dkjkxkj esa eqag&va/ksjs lHkh canh funzk/khu gksrs gSa] blfy, bl
izdkj fudkj.k ph[k&iqdkj djuk ljdkjh drZO;kuq:i fufk} gksrk gSA tc rd lqcg flikgh njoktk [kksydj xkfy;ka ugha nsrk] rc
rd cjlksa ls yach rkudj lksus dk vknh og O;fDr xqaMk tc vpkud rM+ds mBdj aph vkokt esa ckax nsdj lkekftd kkafr dks
Hkax djrk gS] rc mlds ihNs nqvrk ds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ mn~ns; gks gh ugha ldrkA ftl rjg izR;sd eqlyeku dk uekt i<+uk
drZO; gS] mlh rjg lkjh canhkkyk dk xyk QkM+dj dksykgy djuk /kkfeZd n`fV ls drbZ vko;d ugha gSA ijarq ikl dh bekjr esa
jgusokys fganw dkfQj dh uhan mpkVdj] /kkfeZd <ky dh vkM+ esa naM ls cps jgus dh lqfo/kk gh bl ckax ds ihNs FkhA Hkkax Nkuus dh
ryc dks dSls jksdk tk ldrk gS!
vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa Hkh gesa ;gka ls b/kj ds dkjkx`g esa Hkstus ij rqjar gh eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks ;gh ryc yxhA mUgksaus eqag&va/ksjs
gj dksBjh ls ckax nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA uhan mpVus ls lHkh fganw rFkk cznskh; canh >qa>yk x,A vf/kdkfj;ksa ds MkaVus ij eqlyeku dgrs
&;g gekjh /kkfeZd fof/k gSA ;gha ij dg nwa fd cznskh; canh fganw laxBu ds dk;Z vFkkZr~ fganqvksa ls ?kqy&feydj jgrs FksA
blds vfrfjDr bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg, fd vaneku esa czh yksxksa dks HkzV djuk eqlyekuksa dks loZFkk lk/; ugha gksrk Fkk]
D;kasfd fdlh ds lkFk [kku&iku ls /keZ Mwc tkrk gS vFkok vUu dk ,d dkSj [kkus ds lkfk vktUe gh ugha] vfirq larku ds lkr
tUe HkzV gks x,& ,slh ckr os ugha ekursA os ckS} lainz k;h vFkkZr~ fganw /keZ ds gh FksA ijarq os eqlyeku] bZlkbZ vkfn lkjs foo dk
[kk&ihdj ckS}&ds&ckS} gh cus jgrsA vr% ftl rjg lukruh] deZB fganqvksa dks HkzV djuk lgt laHko gks tkrk ml rjg czh yksxksa
dks HkzV djuk eqlyekuksa ds fy, laHko ugha FkkA HkzVkpkj ds ksk nks lk/kuksa ls vaneku fLFkr gtkjksa fganqvksa dks vFkok mudh mikk[kk
ds czh yksxksa dks os fcydqy HkzV ugha dj ldsA xqaMkxnhZ vkSj [kku&iku }kjk gh tks fganw HkzV fd, x,] lks gks x,( ijarq bu nksuksa esa
cznsk ds yksx eqlyekuksa ls chl gh FksA lqvj ds ekal ls ysdj] ftls eqlyeku Nwuk Hkh gjke le>rs gSa] pwgksa ds cPpksa ds vpkj
rd lHkh rjg dk Hkkstu czh yksxksa ds fy, oS/k gSA muds lkFk Hkkstu djrs gq, dbZ ckj eqlyekuksa dk gh ilhuk NwV tkrkA czh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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Ykksxksa ds ckS} /keZ dk ge gsrqiwoZd vkSj HkfDriwoZd ckj&ckj mYys[k djrs Fks vkSj muds eq[k ls jkek;.k] egkHkkjrkfn dFkk,a] ftUgsa
fganqvksa dh rjg gh muesa Hkh iwT; le>k tkrk gS&tku&cq>dj lqurs&lukrs FksA fganqvksa ds R;ksgkj vkSj muds R;ksgkj ge ijLij
lfEefyr gksdj laiUu djrs A mlls czh yksxksa dh fganw laxBuksa ls lgt gh lgkuqHkwfr jgrhA muds nk<+h&ewaNfoghu dksey fdkksjksa]
;qodksa vkSj dqy feykdj mudh lkSE; lkfod tkfr ij iBkukfn eqlyekuksa esa ls wj rFkk mn~naM yksx] tks vR;kpkj djrs Fks] mlls
fganw laxBuksa }kjk ml u`kal wj eqlyekuh izHkqRo dk ?keaM vPNh rjg ls rksM+ nsus ds dkj.k czh yksxksa dks cM+h jkgr feyh FkhA vr%
muds eu esa gekjs rFkk fganqvksa ds fy, dqN vf/kd gh HkfDrHkko rFkk eeRo FkkA
ij fufnZV ^ckax* dkaM ls rks fganqvksa dh rjg czh yksx Hkh rax vk pqds FksA ckax ds minzo ls vf/kd fganw yksx bl vglkl ls w}
Fks fd muds vkxs /keZ dh apkbZ iznfkZr dj mUgsa uhpk fn[kkus ds fy, gh eqlyeku xqMs ;g u;k <ax viuk jgs gSaA ;g ns[kdj fd
vf/kdkjh eqlyekuksa ij ncko ugha Mkyrs] fganqvksa us Hkh rM+ds mBdj aps Loj esa izkFkZuk djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ge tc vaneku esa Fks]
rc Hkh ,d ûekth* dks geus blh rjg lh/kk fd;k Fkk vkSj vkxs jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa Hkh blh mik; dks viuk;k FkkA bl le;
vaneku esa ,d&nks O;fDr;ksa dk izu ugha Fkk] lHkh bl kM~;a= esa kkfey FksA fganqvksa }kjk tksj&tksj ls izkFkZuk kq: djrs gh] tks
vf/kdkjh eqlyekuksa dks ckax yxkus ls jksd ugha ik jgs Fks] ogh fganqvksa ij ;g vkjksi yxkdj fd os aps naM nsus yxsA okLro esa
eqlyekuksa dks fganqvksa dk ;g mkj cM+k gh etsnkj FkkA aps Loj esa izkFkZuk djuk Hkys gh iwtk dk vax gks ;k uk gks] ijarq de&ls&de
ka[k Qwaduk rks fufpr gh iwtk dk vax FkkA vr% gekjs ,d mRlkgh lg;ksxh rFkk lnL; us] ftUgksaus bl dk;Z esa fganqvksa ds usr` Ro dk
Hkkj mBk;k Fkk] dkjkx`g dh viuh dksBjh esa ka[k fNikdj j[kkA nwljs fnu mkj&jkf= ds le; eqlyekuksa }kjk ckax dh >M+h yxkuk
kq: djrs gh mlus viuh dksBjh ls tksj&tksj ls ka[k ctkuk vkjaHk fd;kA ml dkfQj ds ka[k dh vkokt ds lkeus ckax dh
fefe;kgV Qhdh iM+ xbZ] cspkjh ckax HkzV gks xbZA os eqlyeku xqaMs xqLls ls xkfy;ka cdus yxsA ml fganw usrk ij vfHk;ksx yxkk;k x;k
vkSj mls ka[k Qwadus ds vkjksi esa naM fn;k x;kA mldh izfrf;k esa czh vkSj lukruh yksxksa esa ls dbZ canh rM+ds mBdj ka[k Qwadus
yxsA vc bl kfDrkkyh ka[k ds vkxs ckax ds gkFk&ikao BaMs iM+ x,A vf/kdkfj;ksa us izfrdkjh eqlyekuksa dks eqagrksM+ mkj fn;k& ^ka[k
iwtk dk vax gSA rqe gekjh ckr lquksA ckax nsuk can djks rks ge mUgsa ka[k ctkuk can djus ds fy, ck/; djsaxsA*
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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rc og ckax yxuh can gks xbZA ftu xqaMksa dh cqf}okn ls vdy fBdkus ij ugha vkbZ Fkh] og bl ka[kukn ls vk xbZA ,slk dk;Z Hkh]
ftlds lkeus cqf}okn ?kqVus Vsdrk gS] dHkh&dHkh dksbZ ^ka[k* gh dj tkrk gSA
bl kqf}dkaM vkSj vaneku ds canhx`g ds dqy o`kkar esa ogka ds eqlyekuksa dk nqHkkZX;ok ckj&ckj mYys[k djuk gekjs fy, vfuok;Z gks
x;k gSA D;ksafd ogka ds nqjkpkjh cafn;ksa dh cLrh esa os izk;% eqlyeku gh Fks] tks /kekZa/krk ls xzLr FksA ijarq mudh ckr NksM+ nsa rks Hkh
vusd yksx tkurs gSa fd ml LFkku ij dqN lTtu eqlyeku Hkh Fks] ftuls ge ln~O;ogkj djrs FksA gekjs fy, Hkh ln~izo`r /kekZa/kksa ds
eu esa vR;kf/kd vknjHkko Fkk] D;ksafd ge /kekZarj.k rFkk vR;kpkj ds izu dks NksM+dj ksk gj dke esa fganqvksa dh rjg gh eqlyekuksa
dk Hkh i{k ysdj mudh U;k;laxr mfpr lgk;rk vo; djrs FksA ge jktcafn;ksa us vaneku ds canh mifuosk dk oU;] ccZj Lo:i
cnydj mls tks FkksMk+ &cgqr ekuoh Lo:i fnyk;k vkSj ml la?kkZ eas ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cudj tks rhoz rki lgk]
mldk ykHk eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks Hkh mruk gh feyk ftruk fganw cafn;ksa dksA vr% vkp;Z rc gksrk Fkk tc mUgsa gekjk ftl rjg d`rK
gksuk pkfg, Fkk] oSls ugha gksrs Fks( vkSj ;g ckr gekjs fui{k iz;kl djus dk lPpk izek.k gS fd /kekZarj.k dk mkjnkf;Ro ge fganw ij
Hkh mruk gh Mkyrs Fks ftruk eqlyekuksa ijA
vR;kpkj ls /keZizpkj ugha
tks /keZ gesa lR; izrhr gksrk gS] mldk cqf}okn ls izlkj djuk izR;sd O;fDr dk vf/kdkj gSA eqlyeku izpkjdksa dk nksk ;g gS fd os
;g izpkj xqaMkxnhZ] uhprk] gR;k] cykRdkj vkfn jk{klh] u`kal lk/kuksa }kjk djus esa Hkh ugha f>>drsA izkphu dky esa bZlkbZ /keZ dk
izpkj Hkh blh rjg gksrk Fkk] ij vktdy muls lglk ,slk vR;kpkj ugha gksrkA ijarq eqlyeku /kekZa/krk vkt Hkh dbZ ckj vR;kpkj
ij mrk: gksrh gSA ekuk fd ;g nksk v{kE; gS rFkkfi fganqvksa dh os :f<+;ka] tks fo/kehZ dks bl rjg ds vR;kpkj djus ds fy,
izksRlkfgr djrh gSa] /kekZarj.k ds ladV dh nkskh gksrh gSaA gekjh rks ;gh Hkkouk gS fd fganw vius /kekZarxZr nks ?kkrd /kkj.kkvksa dks R;kx
nsa vkSj kq} rFkk LoLFk LokLF;o/kZd vUu vFkok ty fdlh ds gkFkksa xzg.k djus esa dksbZ nksk ugha ekusaA bruk gh ugha] vkq} vUu
vFkok ty cyiwoZd xzg.k djuk Hkh iM+k rks Hkh mlesa rRdkyhu nksk ls vf/kd fdlh izdkj dh Hkh HkzVrk kjhj ;k vkRek dks ugha
fpidrh] ;g ekusaA la{ksi esa] ;fn os ;g fup; dj ysa fd NqvkNkr ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kkvksa dh tks Vkaxsa ix&ix ij [kV[kV
mNyrh&Qndrh gSa] mUgsa rksM+
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
282
nsaxs vkSj NqvkNkr dh bl /kkj.kkok ftu gtkjksa yksxksa dks vkt rd Lo/keZ ls oafpr gksuk iM+k] mUgsa iqu% Lo/keZ esa ykSVkdj Lolekt
esa mUgsa O;ogk;Z le>saxs] rks eqlyekuksa dk /kekZarj.k dk O;olk; vk/ks ls vf/kd pkSiV gqvk gh lef>,A ^NqvkNkr* tSls ,d gh kCn
esa gekjh izk;% lHkh :f<+;ksa dh & tks gekjh lkekftd ,oa jkVh; voufr dk dkj.k gSa& tMsa+ lekbZ gqbZ gSaA ^kqf}* Hkh bl ^Nq vkNkr*
ds jksx ds dkj.k vko;d cu xbZ gSA
cfgdrkZvksa dh gh kqf}
oLrqr% xksok tSls izkarksa esa] ftUgsa ek= bl ^NqvkNkr* dh Hkksyh ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kkok geus vius ls vyx dj fn;k] muds tSls Lotuksa
dks iqu% fir`x`g esa okil ysrs le; mUgsa kq} djus dh bruh vko;drk ugha gS ftruh ge tSls yksxksa dks& ftUgksaus cyiwoZd mUgs a
fir`x`g ds ckgj fudkydj Hkhrj ugha vkus fn;k&viuh bl Kku fo?kkrd mn~naM wjrk ds fy, izk;fpr djus dh t:jr gSA kqf}
cfgd`rksa dh ugha] vfirq ge cfgdrkZvksa dh gksuh pkfg,] ftUgksaus fujijk/k Lotuksa dks cfgd`r fd;kA
gekjk fookl gS fd vUu& tykfn dh NwvkNkr dk R;kx rFkk /keZ cfgd`rksa ds kqf}dj.k dh :f<+] ;s nks lq/kkj.kk,a fganw vius lekt
esa djsaxs] rks ml ;ksx ls eqlyekuksa dks fganqvksa ds vkin~xzLr yksxksa dks HkzV djuk dfBu gksxk vkSj mu yksxksa dks] ftUgs a HkzV fd;k x;k
gS] laHkyuk mlls Hkh vf/kd dfBu gksxkA mlls os cqf}okn dh lgk;rk ls ftrus vf/kd fganqvksa dk /kekZarj.k dj ldrs vFkok mls
laHkky ldrs] mrus gh fganv
q ksa dks eqlyeku gksus ls vkSj mlh U;k;laxr jhfr ls eqlyekuksa dks Hkh fganw cukus esa fgnqvksa dks dksbZ
vkfik ugha jgsxh&,d vkjs ls eqlyekuksa dh vR;kpkjh izo`fk voljlk/; u gksus ls rFkk fuQy fl} gksus ls de gksxh vkSj nwljh
vksj fganqvksa dk vius /keZ&cka/koksa dks Nhuk&>iVh ls ys tkusokys eqlyekuksa ds izfr tks LokHkkfod vkosk gksrk gS og Hkh de gksxkA
ryokj rks nksuksa dh gh VwV pqdh gSA ro izlkj djus dk nksuksa dk gh vf/kdkj gSA fganw ^HkzVrk* dh /kkj.kk ls viuh cqf} u djsaA
blls eqlyeku /kekZarj.k ds rhu lk/kuksa&HkzVrk] ryokj vkSj ro&esa ls tks mUgsa vuqdwy gks x, gSa&ro gh U;k;laxr lk/ku ksk jgsxk
vkSj /kekZarj.k dk fookn feV tk,xkA vFkkZr~ og izpaM cgkuk gh nwj gksxk] tks fganw&eqlyekuksa dh rhoz Li/kkZ dk dkj.k FkkA
vr% ge geskk ;gh izfrikfnr djrs gSa fd fganq laxBu vkSj kqf} dk;Z fganw&eqlyekuksa ds kkor fojks/k ds ugha] vfirq kkor ,drk
ds egoiw.kZ lk/ku
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
283
gSaA blh n`fV ls geus vaneku esa mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkA lu~ 1923 esa geus kqf}&dk;kZFkZ igyk fookn gkFk esa fy;k FkkA rHkh ls
lu~ 1920&21 rd vaneku esa] mlds ckn fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa vkSj lu~ 1924 esa cjh gksus ds Ikpkr~ vkt rd laxBu vkSj
kqf}57 dk;Z ds fy, blh U;k;laxr vkdka{kk ls ge iz;kljr gSaA eqlyeku ca/kq] bZlkbZ ca/kq vFkok ekuotkrh; fdlh ccZj ls Hkh ccZj
tkfr ls ge fo}sk djrs gSa] u ?k`.kkA gka] muesa ls O;fDr;ksa dh ;k O;fDr la?k dh vR;kpkjh izo`fk dk izfrjks/k vo; djrs gSa( D;ksafd
gesa vkkk gS vkSj fookl gS fd bl kqf} dh :f<+ ls gh fganw&eqlyekuksa dh kkor ,oa ykHknk;d ,drk ds fy, Hkkjh vkSj n`<+
lgk;rk feyusokyh gSA
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Lok- ohj lkojdj us vius e`R;qi= esa ,slk fy[k j[kk gS fd kqf} dk;kZFkZ gh ikap lg :i, fn, tk,a&bl dk;Z ds laca/k esa mUgsa
var rd bruh vkLFkk ,oa fpark FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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izdj.k&3
;wjksih; teZu egk;q}

mkjk/kZ ds izFke izdj.k ls ikBdksa dks Kkr gqvk gksxk fd igys&igys jktcafn;ksa dks Lonskh; jktuhfr ds lekpkj feyuk ftruk dfBu
Fkk mruk ckn esa ugha jgk FkkA izFker% cafn;ksa dks gh ugha vfirq ogka ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh jktuhfr esa fcYdqy Hkh :fp u gksus
ds dkj.k muds eu esa jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djus dh ckr gks rks os iSls] esok] [kk| inkFkZ vkfn nsus yxrsa ijarq ^lekpkj nks* dgus
ls mudh le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd ;g lsok os dSls djsa\ Hkwxksy] bfrgkl vFkok izLrqr jktuhfr ds uke voxr u gksus ds dkj.k
lekpkj lquus ij Hkh cafn;ksa dks mldk Lej.k ugha jgrkA fkf{kr Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa dbZ ,sls Fks] ftUgksaus dsoy gekjs vuqjks/k ls
vkSj gesa lekpkj igqapkus ds fy, gh /;kuiwoZd lekpkj&i= i<+uk vkjaHk fd;k] rFkkfi jktcafn;ksa ds minsk rFkk vkanksyu ls ogka ds
yksxksa dk jktuhfrd] ekufld okrkoj.k tSls&tSls foLr`r gksus yxk oSl&s oSls gesa lekpkj feyus yxsA dgka rks dwMs+ dh xkM+h ls xanxh esa
lus dkxtksa ds QVs&phFkM+s pqurs gq, Lonsk dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds os fnu vkSj dgka lu~ 1914 ds os fnu] tc fiNys v/;k; esa
of.kZr fofHkUu Lonskh lekpkj&i= lewps i<+us ds fy, feyrs Fks! vf/kdkfj;ksa dk jksk de gksus ls ;s fnu ugha vk,] D;kasfd blh okZ
,d mkj fganqLFkkuh okWMZj dks ftldk uke ^czfxjh* Fkk] gesa nwj ls jke&jke djrs gq, ,d eqlyekuh iBku raMsy us] ftldk uke
nkSyr [kku Fkk] ns[kk vkSj mls idM+dj okWMZj ds in ls gVkdj dBksj ifjJe ds dke ij Hkst fn;kA ysfdu kh?kz gh nkSyr [kku dh
nkSyr Hkh feV~Vh esa fey xbZA dkj.k] og pksjh&pksjh ge cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu [kkrs gq, jaxs gkFk idM+ fy;k x;kA bl mnkgj.k ls ;g
LiV gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa ls vkSj fokskr% gels dksbZ Hkh canh laidZ u j[ks] bl ij vf/kdkjh fdruk tksj nsrs FksA vf/kdkfj;ks a ds ,sls
:[k esa deh vkus ls ugha] vfirq cafn;ksa esa izpkj djus ls muesa jktuhfr dk Kku
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vkSj :fp c<+rh xbZA ifj.kker% igys ls vf/kd ek=k esa lekpkj feyus yxs] vkSj bl dkj.k ckjh tSls vf/kdkjh] tks igys dsoy gesa
ekufld ;kruk,a nsus ds fy, gh xi mM+krs Fks] mudk /ka/kk Bi gksus yxk& bruk fd mUgsa Hkkjrh; i{k dh thr ds dqN lekpkj ge gh
ns nsrsA bl izdkj ds ,d&nks euksjatd mnkgj.k nsrk gwaA
xouZj tujy ij ce
lu~ 1912 esa fnYyh esa HkO; jkt&lekjksg Fkk vkSj mlesa prqjax ny&cy lfgr gkFkh ij jklh rke>keokyh vackjh esa cSBs gq, rRdkyhu
xouZj tujy ykWMZ gkfMZx ij ce Qsads tkus ls bl lekjksg dk Hk;kud var gqvkA vaneku dkjkokl ds ofjB vf/kdkjh] phQ
dfeuj dks tSls gh ;g lekpkj 58 feyk vkSj mlus ml xksiuh; confidential lekpkj dks tSls gh vius vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dks
crk;k] rRdky og lekpkj gesa Hkh gekjh dksBjh esa fey x;kA ekSf[kd :i esa rks lekpkj izkIr gksrk gh] ijarq mlds okgd vcks/k
O;fDr ls] dHkh dqN xyfr;ka Hkh gks gh tkrh Fkh] vr% izkr%dky tc ,d xksjk vf/kdkjh fuR; fu;ekuqlkj dke ns[kus ds fy, vk;k
vkSj gels ckr djus yxk] rks geus mlds eu dh Fkkg ikus vkSj ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd dgha og Hkh ;gh lekpkj nksgjkrk gS ;k ugha]
mlls lgt Hkko ls iwNk]^^fnYyh eas iwjk lekjksg fufoZ?u :i ls laiUu gks x;k u\** ml le; rd og lekpkj u feyus ds dkj.k
fuR; dh rjg ml vf/kdkjh us xoZ ls mkj fn;k] ^^gekjh lkezkT;&kfDr dkog fojkV~ iznkZu ns[kdj vkids eqV~Bh Hkj kafrdkfj;ksa ds
rksrs mM+ x, gksaxsA** ;g lqudj gesa galh vk xbZ] tks mls pqHk xbZA mlus iqu% dk;kZy; esa tkdj ns[kk rks ckjh us tsc ls fnYyh dk
rkj fudkydj mls ns fn;kA og rkj ns[krs gh ,d xkyh nsdj mlus dgk] ^^blesa dksbZ lans g ugha] bu jktcafn;ksa dks ;g lekpkj fey
x;k gSA** ckjh pkSad mBkA xqIr :i ls [kkst kq: gks xbZA
ns[kk rks] u dsoy jktcafn;ksa ds oju~ canhx`g ds lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh tcku ij Hkh ;gh lekpkj FkkA dpgjh esa ckjh dk rkaMo izk jaHk gks
x;kA ,d fkf{kr ;qok canh ij] tks dkjkxkj esa fyfid Fkk vkSj tc ls og canhkkyk esa izfoV gqvk rHkh ls gels Lusg djrk Fkk] ckjh
dks lansg FkkA mls fujarj nks fnu rd rax djus ds ckn Hkh tc mlus ;g ugha crk;k fd eq>s ;g lekpkj fdlus fn;k] rc ckjh
lkgc xtZuk djus yxs] ^^Bgj] rq> ij dksMs+ cjlkrk gwaA** og LokfHkekuh yM+dk Fkk] ^êkjks]
58
23 fnlacj ds fnu ;g ce Qsadk x;kA bl laca/k esa 13 tuksa ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;kA muesa vehj pan] vo/k fcgkjh] cky eqdqan
vkSj olar dqekj fookl dks Qkalh gqbZA eq[; vfHk;qDr jkl fcgkjh cksl idM+s ugha x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
286
vHkh ekjks** dgrk gqvk dye j[k mBdj [kM+k gks x;kA mls Ik;Zos{kd ds ikl ys tk;k x;k] ijarq mlds fo:} dqN Hkh izek.k us
feyus ds dkj.k vkSj ljdkjh dke djus esa mldh rRijrk rFkk lqPkk: dk;Z iz.kkyh ls Ik;Zos{kd ds izHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k mlus dgk]
^îqu% lansg djus yk;d ;fn lkojdj ls rqEgkjk laca/k fn[kkbZ fn;k rks rqe ij csar cjlk, tk,axsA vkt cl bruh gh psrkouh ds
lkFk rqEgsa NksM+ nsrk gwaA**
jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk gekjk drZO; gh gS] fQj Hkys gh gesa naM feys( ,slksa dks NksM+dj Hkh ftu nsklsod cafn;ksa ds eu esa
mi;qZDr lTtu tSlh Hkkouk Fkh] mlds dkj.k canh Hkh vc gekjh lgk;rk djus esa brus ugh ?kcjkrs FksA D;ksafd dHkh&dHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa
ds dksiHkktu dk y{; cudj mUgsa okWMZj&in ls oafpr gksuk iM+rk vFkok ckgj dBksj dke ds fy, Hkstk tkrk] rFkkfi ckgj Hkh
/khjs&/khjs nsklsod vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vkSj cafn;ksa dk ny cu tkus ls jktcafn;ksa ds fy, vFkok jktuhfr ds fy, dksbZ ^VwV* dj vFkok
naM ikdj vkrs gh gekjs yksx mls dqN gydk&Qqydk vkjke dk dke ns nsrsA os FkksM+h&cgqr iS ls dh deh dks Hkh nwj djrsA bl lg;ksx
ds vk/kkj ij canh nsklsok dk viuk drZO; fuHkhZdrkiwoZd fuHkkrsA
geus tku&cq>dj ckjh dks njkk;k fd fnYyh ds ce dkaM dk lekpkj gesa fey pqdk gSA mn~ns; ;g Fkk fd ;fn ,slk izlax ns[kdj
mls ,d ckj gesa lekpkj ugha feyus nsus dk iz;kl dh O;FkZrk dk cks/k gks x;k rks cafn;ksa dks fcuk fdlh dkj.k ls fNViqV ckrksa ds
fy, og rax ugha djsxkA ;g ns[kdj fd pkgs dqN Hkh djks] gesa lekpkj feyrs gh gSa] og Fkd x;kA dHkh&dHkh og gels LiV kCnksa
esa dg nsrk vkSj lqifjaVsaMasV ls Hkh dgrk] ^^jktcafn;ksa dk vkil esa ckrphr can djuk vkSj mUgsa ckgj ls lekpkj u feyus nsuk&eSa gh
ugha vfirq Even if the devil be sent here as a jailor instead of me og kSrku Hkh gfFk;kj Mky nsxkA** vkxs rks og bl okD;
dks ckj&ckj nksgjkrk vkSj loZ/kk fu<ky gksdj dsoy mls gh lekpkj lquus&lqukus ds vijk/k esa idM+rk tks lkeus vk tkrkA bruk gh
ugha] gesa lekpkj feyrs gSa] bldk ge ckj&ckj vkHkkl djkrs Fks] ftlls ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ,d loZFkk foijhr mik; dk lgkjk
ysuk iM+kA gesa tks lekpkj izkIr gksrk] dHkh&dHkh og jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk gqvk feyrk] D;kasfd lekpkjokgd vcks/k gksrsA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
fnYyh ds ce dkaM esa ^pkj cM+s&cM+s ykWMlZ ekjs x,*& bl rjg cktkj esa yksx ppkZ djus yxsA ,slh voLFkk esa lekpkj jksdus vFkok
fNikdj j[kus dk vdkj.k Dysk fuQy lgrs jgus ls cdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gksk vkuk LokHkkfod FkkA os dgrs] ^^bl rjg lekpkj
fNikdj bl vK vfrk;ksfDr dh gkfu ls rks Js;Ldj og
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
287
gkfu gS] tks Lo;a lekpkj nsus ls gksxhA** vkSj oLrqr% mUgsa ;g igys gh le> ysuk pkfg, FkkA rc ls os gesa lekpkj&i= Hkh nsus yxs
vkSj tc Lo;a ckjh ls lekpkj&i= dHkh&dHkh feyus yxs rc jktcafn;ksa dk dgha ls Hkh fod`r rFkk viDo lekpkj izkIr djus dk
vizdV iz;kl Hkh de gksuk LokHkkfod gks x;kA
fnYyh&ce dkaM dk lekpkj geus izkIr fd;k] bl laca/k esa gels izfrkks/k ysus ds fy, ckjh us ,d fnu dkjkxkj esa ;g xi mM+kbZ fd
lkojdj dk NksVk HkkbZ blh ce dkaM esa idM+k x;k gSA
;g bruk vlaHkouh; rks ugha Fkk] D;ksafd lpeqp gh ml ekeys esa mls vR;f/kd eqlhcrsa lguh iM+hA ijarq ml le; gesa dqN irk
ugha Fkk] blfy, LokHkkfod Fkk fd ;g tkuus ds fy, ge mRlqd gks x, fd ;g lR; gS ;k vlR;A nksigj esa Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh lgt <ax
ls gels dgk] ^^D;ksa\ vc dsoy vkidk NksVk HkkbZ gh ckgj jg x;k gS u!**
blls igys fd ge mkj nsrs] ckjh gh lfLer dgus yxs] ^^HkbZ] lcz djksA og Hkh kh?kz gh b/kj vk,xkA** mls bl rjg fuyZTtkiwoZd
fueZe] dBksj O;aX; dlus dh vknr Fkh ghA fdafpr >qa>ykrs gq, geus dgk] ^ôg gh D;ks a egkk;] fganqLFkku dk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ;gka vk
ldrk gSA iwjk fganqLFkku gh ,d izpaM canhkkyk gS vkSj vk;jySaM HkhA** ckjh vk;fjk gksus ds dkj.k rfud f[kfl;k lk x;k] rc
Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^ûk&uk] ;g eSa ugha tkurk fd og Mjiksd gSA** eSaus mlls dqN lekpkj mxyokus ds fy, iwNk] ^^Hkyk og dSls\**
lqifjaVsaMsaV us dgk] ^^fnYYkh dk lekpkj lqurs gh mlus vius vki ?kcjkrs gq, iqfyl ds ize[q k vf/kdkjh dks rkj Hkstk êSa dydkk esa
gwaA vkxs&ihNs vki eq> ij vkjksi yxk,axs] blhfy, igys gh lwfpr djrk gwa*A** eSaus dgk] ^^rks fQj iwjs dydkk eas ogh ,d prqj
rFkk cqf}eku O;fDr gSA tkfgj gS fd ce mlus ugha QsadkA ijarq vxj Qsadk Hkh gksrk rks Hkh mls blh rjg iqfyl dks rqjar rkj Hkst dj
pdek nsuk pkfg, FkkA ugha] og Mjiksd ugha gS] tks nqV k=q ij okj djds f[kld tkus esa Hkh lQy gksrk gS] ogh lPpk kwj gSA**
gekjk ;g ekufld Dyskksa ls larIr mkj lqudj Ik;Zos{kd Hkh pkSad iM+k vkSj vf/kd dqN Hkh u dgdj ogka ls pqipki f[kld x;kA
nks&rhu fnu ge blh fpark esa vkkar vkSj vU;euLd Fks fd vuqt dgha lpeqp gh foin~xzLr rks ugha gSA iqu%&iqu%&
^^dh ?ksrys ozr ufg vfEg va/krs us
yC/kizdkk bfrgkl&fulxZ ekusA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
288
ts fnO;] nkgd Eg.kwfu vlko;kps

^cq/;kfp* ok.k /kfjys dfj gs lrhpsAA59
ugha fy;k geus ;g ozr va/krk esa
fy;k bls bfrgkl vkSj izd`fr ds izdkk esa
tks fnO;] ngdrk gh gksxk geskk
,slk lfr ozr tku&cq>dj fy;k geusA**
;g in eu&gh&eu nksgjkrs gq, ^vc tks gksxk lks gksxk* dgrs gq, eu dks vkoLr dj jgs FksA ijarq vkxs lR; lekpkj Kkr gksus ij
;g fpark Hkh tkrh jghA bl rjg vdkj.k ekufld ;kruk nsus ds fy, ckjh tks iz;kl djrk] mlls lacaf/kr ,d vkSj mnkgj.k ;kn gks
vk;k gSA ,d fnu mUgksaus iwNk] ^^ykyk gjn;ky dkSu gS\**
ykyk gjn;ky
eSaus dgk fd tc x`gea=h vk, Fks rc mUgksaus eq>s vkids lkeus crk;k Fkk fd ^ykyk gjn;ky vesfjdk esa kafrdkjh i{k ds usrk FksA *
;g vki Hkh vPNh rjg ls tkurs gSaA muls lacaf/kr dqN foksk ckr gks rks crkb,A ckjh us pqids ls ;g lekpkj fn;k fd ykyk
gjn;kyth dks gR;k ds vkjksi esa idM+dj cacbZ yk;k x;k gSA gekjk fny ngy x;kA gekjs lkfFk;ksa esa izeq[k lg;ksxh rFkk rRdkyhu
kafrdkfj;ksa dk usrk idM+k x;kA vc muds thou dh] vkRelEeku dh gekjs ln`k gh /kfTt;ka mMs +xh\ ;g bl nsk dk nqHkkZX; gSA gesa
mu fnuksa dk Lej.k gks vk;k] tc gesa Hkh blh rjg fonsk esa idM+dj yk;k x;k FkkA bldh Vksg ysu]s iwNrkN ds fy, okWMZj dks xqI r
:i ls ckgj HkstkA mls ml uke dks Lej.k j[kuk dfBu gks x;kA mls bl ckj rksrkjVar djokbZA eu rks [kh> vkSj >qa>ykgV ls
Hkjk gh Fkk fd gekjs nsk dh ;g dSlh nqnZkk! Tkks yksx flj ij dQu cka/kdj nsk&fonsk esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrs gq,] Loh/khurk ds
fy, viuh tku dh ckth yxkrs gq, tw> jgs gSa] mudk uke rd bl d`r?u nsk ds fy, vKkr gSA bl fopkjksa ls esjk flj HkUuk
x;kA lkFkh jktcafn;ksa us ml ij ikuh Mky eq>s FkksM+k kkar fd;ka mlh le; Ik;Zos{kd nsfud fujh{k.k ds fy, vk;k vkSj eq>ls iwN k]
^^D;ksa th] D;k ;g lp gS fd gjn;ky vkids fe= Fks\** eSaus LiV fd;k] ^^th gka] eq>s mudh fe=rk dk lEeku izkIr gks pqdk gSA** os
cksys] ^^mUgsa gR;k ds vfHk;ksx esa idM+k x;k gSA fnYyh ds ce dkaM esa Hkh mudk gkFk gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^gksxkA ,slk gksus ls Hkh muds
izfr esjs n; esa tks
59
yanu esa lu~ 1910 esa tc ohj lkojdj idM+s x, rc mUgksaus viuh HkkHkh dks êsjk e`R;q&i=* khkZd ls ,d lkaRouk] ij i= Hkstk
FkkA ;g in mlesa ls mn~/k`r gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
289
Lusg vkSj lEeku gS mlesa jkh Hkj dh deh ugha vk,xhA** esjs bl nks&Vwd mkj vkSj esjh rIr eqnzk ls Ik;Zos{kd us lgt Hkkai fy;k
fd vkt ds rsoj fuR; dh Hkkafr galrs] [ksyrs rFkk uje fouksnokys ugha] vfirq {kqC/k gSaA fok; cnydj og pyrk cukA esjs bu
nks&Vwd] /k`Vkiw.kZ mkjksa ls jktcanh fpafrr gks x,A eSaus dgk] ^êSa lc le>rk gwaA ijarq ;g dk;jrk eq>ls ugha gks jgh Fkh fd gjn;ky
idM+s tk,a vkSj mlh fnu ge mudk xkSjo djuk rks nwj] muds Lusg&laca/kksa dks Hkh Lohdkj djus esa fgpfdpk,aA gjn;ky esjs lqn gSaA
eq>s vkSj D;k naM nsaxs\ a a a agesa ;g lh[kuk gksxkA gjn;ky ds _.k ls eqDr gksus dk ;gh ,dek= ekxZ gSA**
/khjs&/khjs eu kkar gksdj lgh lekpkj ikus ds ihNs iM+ x;kA ,d&nks fnu esa irk pyk fd os vesfjdk esa idM+s x,A60 ijarq tekur
ij NwV x,A ge jktcanh vc vkrs&tkrs ckjh ls iwNus yxs] ^^gjn;ky vc cacbZ esa gSa ;k mUgsa fnYyh yk;k x;k\** og le>rk] lR;
gh ;s yksx vKku esa gSaA vr% og dgrk] ^^fnYyh esaA** ,d fnu rks egkk; brus cgd x, fd cksys] ^^gjn;ky dks naM fey x;k gSA
kh?kz gh iksVZ Cysvj pkyku gksxkA** geus viuh galh nckrs gq, dgk] ^^nsf[k,] os b/kj vk tk,a rks mUgsa b/kj esjh dksBjh ds fudV dh
dksBjh gh nhft,] ,d ckj muls th Hkjdj ckrsa rks dj ywaA**
rc Hkh eeZ u le>rs gq, gekjh yisV esa vkrs gq, canhiky us xaHkhj eq nzk cukrs gq, dgk] ^^bl ij fopkj djsaxsA** bl okD; ds lkFk
gh iafDr esa cSBs ikap&nl jktcanh galh jksdus esa vleFkZ gks tksj&tksj ls galus yxsA rc dgha og vukM+h le>k fd mUgsa blls iwo Z gh
esjh xi dh iksy Kkr gks xbZ gS vkSj ;s eq>s mYyw cuk jgs gSaA
dqN fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ gesa fufpr lekpkj feyk fd gjn;ky vesfjdh ljdkj dks >kalk nsdj Hkkx x,A bruk gh ugha] vfirq vesfjdh
ljdkj us LosPNk ls ;g >kalk [kk;kA dqN Hkh gks] gjn;ky ds fufoZ?u NqVdkjs dk lekpkj lqurs gh gekjs flj ls ,d cks> mrj x;kA
lqjsanzukFk cuthZ
fganqLFkku ds iz[;kr usrkvksa ds fok; esa vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk blh izdkj ds gs; O;aX;ksn~xkj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fudkyus dk ,d vkSj mnkgj.k
dkye NqVus ij Hkh vuql/a kkukFkZ j[krk gwaA gekjk LokLF; vkxs cgqr gh fxj x;k vkSj geus :X.kk;k
60
16 ekpZ] 1914 ds fnu gjn;ky idM+s x, vkSj tekur bail ij cjh gks x,A cjh gksrs gh os fLoV~tjySaM f[kld x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
290
idM+hA rc ,d ckj vaneku ds phQ dfeuj gesa ns[kus vk, FksA os eq>ls fuR; fkVrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djrsA ckrksa&gh&ckrksa esa mUgks aus
dgk] ^^dqN gh fnu iwoZ eSa ;wjksi ls fganqLFkku vk jgk Fkk fd eq>s lqjsanzukFk cuthZ tgkt ij feys FksA muls ifjp; gksrs gh mUgksaus
iwNk] ^lkojdj dk LokLF; dSlk gS\ vkSj mUgksaus ;g Hkh iwNk fd ;fn muls laosnuk izdV djus vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr izR;{k ns[kus
vaneku vkuk pkgwa rks D;k eq>s vuqefr fey ldrh gS*\** ;g lqudj eSaus phQ dfeuj ls iwNk] ^^rks fQj vkius D;k dgk\** mUgkasus
mkj fn;k] ^êSaus dgk] vkb,A ijarq fufpr mkj ckn esa lwfpr d:axkA ij lkojdj] vkids lqjsanzukFk vk x, rks mUgsa Bgjkus ds
fy, vkids lkFkokyh canh&dksBjh ls vf/kd lqfo/kktud LFkku vaneku esa gekjs ikl ugha gSA** eSaus Hkh mlh rjg lfLer eqnzk ds lkFk
dgk] ^^D;ks\ phQ dfeuj dh dksBh tks gSA nks fnu phQ dfeuj lkgc bl canh&dksBjh esa jgsa] ;|fi og vfrfFk egksn; dh
;ksX;rkuq:i rks ugha gS] ij tks gS] tSlh gS] og dksBh mudks lkSaisaA**
;gka ij ;g Hkh crkuk gekjk drZO; gS fd caxky ds bl o`} ;ks}k] lqjsanzukFk th us vkfn ls var rd jktcafnk;ksa vkSj esjs izfr ftl
vkLFkk dk iznkZu fd;k vkSj ^caxkyh* ls ysdj ^fof/k eaMy* dkSafly rd esjh tks lgk;rk dh] mruh fganqLFkku ds vU; fdlh Hkh us rk
us dnkfpr~ gh dh gksxhA gesa jg&jgdj bl ckr dk [ksn gS fd gekjk ;g vkHkkj&iznkZu lquus ds fy, vkt og nskHkDr ugha jgkA
iwokZ/kZ esa geus lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1914 ds e/; rd dkjkokl dh viuh dFkk igqapkbZ FkhA gM+rky ds ifj.kkeLo:i jktcafn;ksa dh ekaxs
Lohd`r gqbaZ vkSj geus dke kq: fd;kA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh phQ dfeuj dks Hkh ,d >a>V lekIr gqvk yxk vkSj igys dHkh fdlh
dks u Hkstk x;k ,d i= Hkstdj 61 esjk vfHkuanu fd;k vkSj ge bl fpark ls O;xz gksdj fd bl dkjkxkj esa bl ,d gh dksBjh esa
pkSng okZ dSls fudkysa] dkye.k djus yxsA dkjkxkj esa vkus ij rks ;gh lkspk Fkk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap okZ bl dkjkxkj esa
fcrkus iMs+axsA ijarq vc pkSng cjlksa dh ;g yach] va/ksjh lqjax] tks gekjs thou&jFk ds fy, vVy] vifjgk;Z Fkh] eqag QkM+s lkeus vk
xbZA
}hikarj okl dk naM ikrs gh vaneku ds fu;eksa dh iqfLrdk i<+dj geus viuh ;qok iRuh dks vkoklukFkZ ,d dforkc} i= fy[kdj
lwfpr fd;k Fkk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap okZ /khjt j[kksA mlds Ikpkr~ vaneku esa gh lgh] ge izse dh dqfV;k esa lkFk feysaxs vkSj
vius gkFkksa ls cukbZ xbZ dqfV;k ds vkxs eaMyh ij
61
bl i= dh rkjh[k 26 twu] 1914 gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
291
Qwyksa ls ynh&Qnh csyk] eksfr;k] ekyrh] twgh dh yrk&oYykfj;ksa ds lkFk Lusg laca/k tksM+dj jl&cl tk,axs] tulaidZ ugha rks u lghA
Ikjarq vc og vkkk Hkh fuQfyr gks xbZA vkt tks foink dfBu&ls&dfBu le>dj Lohdkj djsaA ogh dy vkusokys ladVksa ds lkeus
lkekU; izrhr gksrh] dVksa dh ,slh >M+h yx xbZA tks Hkh vkrk og chrs gq, dks Bhd dgrkA ,sls ekufld mkki esa dYiuk dh
csyk&pesyh Hkh lw[k xbZ] dYiuk&l`fV dh ueh ls Hkh izk.k oafpr gks x,A
Mlesa Hkh gekjs dV esa Hkkxhnkj gq, vkSj ladV esa geij vR;ar isze vkSj HkfDrHkko j[kusokys gekjs jktcanhoku lgrih gekjh gh dh
gqbZ ekax ds v/khu fganqLFkku Hksts x, vkSj mUgsa ogak ds dkjkokl ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj naM esa NwV feysxh] bldh [kqkh Hkh gksrh Fkh]
blls eu cgqr mnkl gks x;kA dksbZ izse ls cqyk,] fdlh dks LkLusg vk cSB dgas] ,slh mRdV bPnk gksrh] ij eerke; euq; ml
fuBqj dkjkx`g esa dkSu feysxk\ eu&gh&eu lksprk jgrkA kwU; yach&yach jkrsa dVrs u dVrh FkhA u;k Lusg] ubZ ?kVuk] vkkkvksa ls
Hkjk dqN u;k [kk| u feyus ls Le`fr ds dikVksa esa ls iqjkuh Le`fr;ka] chrh gqbZ ?kVuk,a] vrhr dh e/kqj Lusg Le`fr;ka fudky&fudky
muls hM+k djrs cSBs jgrsA ijarq bl fofp= Hkkstu ls Hkw[k dSls kkar gksrh\ dHkh&dHkh bl {kq/kk ls vkdqfyr fodkj vkSj fopkj pksjksa
dh fdlh vdky ihfM+r Hk;adj Hkw[kh Vksyh ln`k naxk&Qlkn djds fonzksg ij mrk: gksrsA fdlh Hkh rjg ls mudk keu nqdj FkkA
^Hkw[k! Hkw[k!* vkksk djrs os fpk dk ukdksa ne dj nsrsA bl rjg eghus chr pysA cl] gekjs lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj [kM+s vkSj
Dyskksa esa lg;ksxh gekjs ca/kqoxZ dks gh bl ckr dk vglkl gksxk fd mu fnuksa gekjk thou fdruk nqLlg Fkk] D;ksafd og bl izdkj
fo;ksx ls fok..k] ,dkar ls la=Lr rFkk Lusg&izse ds fy, vkdqfyr Fkk] rFkkfi mlesa ;g vglkl thfor Fkk fd drZO; djrs jguk gh
gksxkA drZO; djrs Hkh jgs] ij eqfDr dh vkkk ugha FkhA rhljk Hkh ,d ekxZ FkkA og ;g fd canhx`g ls eqfDr feyus ij drZO; djrs
gq, Hkh eqfDr dks lk/; djus dh laHkkoukA mlh ds fy, ;FkklaHko fu;e&Hkax ds Qans esa u Qalrs gq, geus izrh{kk dh fd vkt ugha rks
dy ckgj tkuk laHko gksxkA ijarq var esa ;g fufpr vknsk izkIr gksus ij fd pkSng cjl dkjkx`g esa jguk gh gksxk] ckgj fudyrs
gq, eqfDr izkfIr dh laHkkouk Hkh vLrizk; gks xbZA gesa Lo;a Kkr ugha fd os fujkkktud vl igkM+ tSls fnu geus dSls dkVsA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
292
vaxsztksa ds nkekn ls ;q}

bl izdkj dqN eghus chrsA brus esa gesa ckgj ls ;g lekpkj izkIr gks x;k fd vaxsztksa dk fdlh vU; nsk ls egklej fNM+ x;k gSA
izFke bl cktk: xi ij fookl ugha gqvk] D;ksafd cafn;ksa dks viuh fujkkktud voLFkk esa ,slh fdlh dkYifud vkkk dk vk/kkj
Fkkeus dh vknr lh iM+ tkrh gSA dksb&Z u&dksbZ gj pkj&ikap eghuksa esa fdlh ^tqfcfy* ds mRlo dh ;k rnFkZd gksusokyh can eqfDr dh
xi mM+k nsrkA Mwcrs dks bl dkYifud fruds dk vk/kkj ikus dh Hkh bPNk gksrhA dqN fnu blh xi dks ysdj O;rhr gksrsA vkxs pydj
og >wB fl} gksrhA grus esa vQokg dk dksbZ vU; frudk dyiuk ij rSjrk gqvk muds lkeus ygjkrk] ;q} rks kq: gks x;k] ij
fdlls\ ;g iDdk fdlh dks Kkr ugha] dkj.k vKkrA Hkkjrh; canh dks iwjs foo esa ek= nks jkT; Kkr Fks&vaxszt vkSj vehjA eqlyeku
dks rqdhZ ds vfLrRo dk vglkl jgrkA vr% ;q} fNM+us ij dksbZ dgrk&og vehj ds lkFk fNM+ x;k] dksbZ dgrk&rqdhZ lsA nksuksa esa ls
pkgs fdlh ls Hkh gks] mlls vaxsztksa dk cky Hkh ckadk ugha gksusokyk Fkka vr% nks&rhu fnu geus m/kj vf/kd /;ku ugha fn;ka ijarq vkxs
pydj ;g lekpkj izkIr gqvk fd vaxzstksa us vius nkekn ls gh ;q} dh ?kksk.kk dh gSA ;g nkekn dkSu gS \ gekjs ckgjh eq[kfcj ekSf[kd
:i esa teZuh dk uke Hkstrs] ijarq vK nafMrksa dks] tks bl lekpkj dks Hkhrj ykrs] ml uke dk foLej.k gksus ds dkj.k os cl bruk
gh dgrs] muls ;q} fNM+ x;k gS] ftls vaxsztksa us viuh csVh nh gSA mu jktk&egkjktkvksa dh csVh ds ysu&nsu dh /kkj.kk os le> ldrs
FksA ijarq ge vlaetl esa iM+ x,A gksrs&djrs ,d fyf[kr fpV~Bh eaxokbZA mlls LiV cks/k gqvk fd vaxsztksa dk teZuh ls ;q} fNM+us
dh laHkkouk gSA kal ls rks fHkM+ar gks Hkh pqdh gSA
teZuh dk vaxzstksa ls ;q}&vusd okksaZ ls ftldh izrh{kk Fkh] og Lo.kZ ?kM+h vk gh xbZA ij og ,slh fu:ik; voLFkk esa a a a a ;g dsoy
bfrgkl!
;|fi blls igys dbZ ckj dgk gS] rFkkfi Hkkezd vuqeku Vkyus ds fy, iqu% ,d ckj LiV djrk gwa fd geus bl lkjs dFku esa tks
fopkj vFkok Hkkoukvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS vFkok Hkfo; eas Hkh o.kZu djsaxAs os fopkj vkSj Hkkouk,a ml foksk le; ij mRiUu gqb Z FkhA
dksbZ ,slk vuqeku us djs fd ml foksk le; ij mRiUu gksus ls ge vkt Hkh muls lger gh gSaA ;g dsoy bfrgkl gS] mldk
leFkZu ughaA
teZuh dk /;ku fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr dh vksj gksus esa lcls igys ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds iz;kl gh izeq[k :i ls dkj.khHkwr gq, FksA ge
;wjksi esa tc x, rc teZu] sap] vk;fjk] rqdZ r:.k rqdZ] feJ vkfn ijjkfV;ksa ls laokn djrs le; gesa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
293
bl ckr dk LiV vuqHko gksrk fd ;qjksi esa ;g dYiuk gh ugha Fkh fd fganqLFkkuh dksbZ ltho yksx Hkh gksrs gSaA jkV dh n`fV ls dksbZ
fganqLFkku dk vfLrRo ekurk gh ugha FkkA muds fopkj ls og ,d e`r laLd`fr gS vkSj varjkZ Vh; jktuhfr dh ckth esa bl iks dk
xkS.k iz;ksx djuk Hkh vlaHko gSA ijarq ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds baXySaM esa fd, gq, >xM+ksa ls baXySaM ds lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk turk esa tSls gh
fganqLFkku fok;d [kycyh eph] oSls gh ;wjksi ds /kwrZ] pkyckt usrkvksa dk /;ku fganqLFkku dh vksj vkdfkZr gksus yxkA fokskr% kal
vkSj teZuh esa fganqLFkku dh vkdka{kkvksa dh ?kksk.k djus ds fy, ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds iz;kl pyrs jgrsA eSMe dkek ds
teZuh esa gq, ,d O;k[;ku dk mYys[k gekjs vfHk;ksx esa fd;k x;k gSA mlds ckn ogka ds lekpkj&i=ksa esa kafrdkfj;ksa ds ys[k Hkh
dHkh&dHkh izdkfkr gksrsA vkxs pydj enuyky /khaxjk }kjk dh xbZ lj dtZu ok;yh dh nk:.k gR;k] mldk fuHkZ;rk ls Qkalh ij
p<+uk vkSj ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds vU; usrkvksa rFkk muds vkanksyu ij teZuh vkSj kal esa va xsztksa dh [kqfQ;k iqfylksa }kjk ihNk djuk
vkfn dkj.kksa ls ;wjksi esa Hkkjrh; jkV dh jktuhfrd kfDr ij fookl c<+rk x;kA /khaxjk us viuh iSjoh ds le; fn, x, iz[kj
c;ku statement esa teZuksa dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA mlds Ikpkr~ ;g [kkstus ds fy, fd gekjh iqLrd ^lkkou ds kafr;q} dk
bfrgkl* dh NikbZ dk dke dgak py jgk gS] teZuh esa vaxzst iqfyl }kjk fujh{k.k vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA ml le; muesa ls dqN teZu
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gesa lansk Hkh vk, FksA ,sls gh ,d izlax esa teZu iqfyl ds ,d gLrd us ,d Hkkjrh; kafrdkjh }kjk] tks teZuh esa
jgrk Fkk] gesa ,d vkikfrd lansk Hkstk Fkk fd ^vki kh?kz gh idM+s tk,axs] vr% lansk feyrs gh baXySaM NksfM+,A* ^ryokj* uked
^vfHkuo Hkkjr* dk eq[ki= tc kq: gks x;k rc mlds igys gh vad esa ^dhy* ugj ds ?kksVkys dk foLr`r o.kZu djrs gq, fy[kk Fkk
fd ikap&Ng okksaZ eas gh baXySaM dk teZuh ls ;q} fNMs+xkA ml le; fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk dk lek/kku gksus dk Lo.kkZolj vkuso kyk gSA
vkxs eklsZfyl esa gekjh eqfDr ds fy, gekjs }kjk fd, x, lkgl iznkZu rFkk iwjs ;wjksi esa Hkkjrh; kkafrdkfj;ksa ds iz;Ruksa rFkk
vkdka{kkvksa dh rFkk mudh izkalk ds fy, muds izk.k&R;kxksa dh ppkZ vkajHk gks xbZA fganqLFkku esa ?kfVr mFky&iqFky dh vis{kk muds }kj
ij gh ?kfVr vusd Hk;adj ,oa mR{kksHkd d`R;kas ls ;wjksi esa blrjg dh Hkkouk mRiUu gks xbZ fd fganqLFkku tSlk jkV vHkh ejk ugha gS
vkSj vaxzstksa dks og vR;ar Dysknk;h fl} gksxk rFkk og vius gkFk dk Hkkoh
62
62
2-
1-
1 tqykbZ] 1901
8 tqykbZ] 1910
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
294
lk/ku gSA teZuh vkSj baXySaM ds chp rhoz izfr}af}rk gksus ds dkj.k teZuh esa ;g Hkkouk vf/kd n`<+ gks xbZ vkSj gekjs idM+s tkus ds
ipkr~ teZu usrkvksa dk Hkkjrh; kafrdkfj;ksa ls fof/kor~ xqIr lac/ak tksM+us dk iz;kl vkjaHk gqvkA ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds ,d&nks dk;ZdrkZ
rFkk cqf}eku usrk bu iz;klksa dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, teZuh esa gh tkdj jgus yxs vkSj mu usrkvksa ds] tks vesfjdk x, Fks] izLFkkfir
fd, gq, ^xnj* i= esa bl rjg ds iz{kksHkd ys[k izdV :i esa vkus yxs fd kh/kz gh egk;q} gksuk laHko gS] ml volj ij Lonsk dh
eqfDr dk mxz iz;kl djus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkb,A
;g Hkwfedk la{ksi esa ;gka izLrqr djus dk izeq[k mn~ns; ;g gS fd mlls ikBdx.k bldh dYiuk dj ldsa fd teZu egk;q} dk vkjaHk
gksus dk lekpkj feyrs gh gekjs vfHkuo Hkkjrh; dk;Ze ds vuqlkj og lekpkj vuisf{kr u gksrs gq, Hkh bl rjg dh vlgk;
voLFkk esa jgs fd ml fpjkdkaf{kr ?kVuk dk Hkh mldk iwjk&iwjk ykHk u ys lds& blds fy, ge fdrus NViVk jgs gksaxsA vc bldk
foLr`r ys[kk&tks[kk nsus dh vko;drk ugha fd gekjh rRdkyhu Hkkouk,a rFkk ;kstuk,a D;k gks ldrh gSa\
Lo;a vlgk; voLFkk esa gksus ds dkj.k] LojkV dh laHkkfor eqfDr dk Lo.kZolj] tks lfn;ksa esa ,d&nks ckj gh vkrk gS] vk;k gS] ;g
ns[kdj esjk eu cgqr NviVk;k rFkkfi geus fup; fd;k fd bl voLFkk esa Hkh kh?kz gh bl Lo.kZolj dk ioZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds gkFk
ls fQlydj u tk,] blfy, tks nkao&isp yM+kuk laHko gS] og ge vo; yM+k,axsA
brus esa Lo;a Ik;Zos{kd us fujh{k.k ds fnu gels dgka fd ^;wjksi esa ,d cM+k cgqjkVh; ;q} fNM+ x;k gS vkSj rqdhZ teZuh ds i{k esa
pyk x;k gSA bl ;q} ds fy, iksVZ Cysvj esa pank bdV~Bk djus vkSj ogha ds ys[kdksa dh ,d ekfld if=dk fudkyus dh Hkh ;kstuk cu
jgh gSA vki Hkh viuh ,d dfork vFkok ys[k nhft,A*
Ik;Zos{kd dh bl fourh ds vuqlkj eSaus vaxzsth esa ,d yach dfork fy[kdj nh FkhA esjh vaxszth dfork,a ogka ds fczfVk vf/kdkfj;ksa esa
FkksMh+ &cgqr ifjfpr Fkh ghA eq>s lansg Fkk fd bl dfork ds Lora= fopkj mUgsa dgak rd tapsaxsA ijarq ml if=dk ds tUe ls iwoZ gh
mldk var gks tkus ls og ckr vkbZ&xbZ gks xbZA
rFkkfi Ik;Zos{kd }kjk rqdhZ jkV ds teZuh ls feyus dk lekpkj nsus ls esjs eu esa rS;kj fd, x, dk;Ze dk Lo:i gh iyV x;kA
rqdhZ jkV ds ;q} esa baXySaM ds fo:} tkus dk lekpkj lqurs gh esjk eu] tks fd iku&bLykeh xqIr egodka{kk ls fpjifjfpr Fkk&
fganqLFkku ij eaMjkus okys vusd u, ladVksa ds Hk;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
295
ls Hkj x;kA rqfdZ;ksa ds ;q} izosk ls teZuh dk gkFk fganqLFkku rd igqap tkus ls vaxzt
s h kklu ds fganqLFkku esa cqjh rjg vleatl esa
iM+us dh laHkkouk FkhA ;g rks esjh rRdkyhu ;kstuk ds fy, bVkifk gh Fkh] D;kasfd bl my>u ls fganqLFkku dh oS/k ekaxsa iwjh djus ds
fy, baXySaM dks ck/; gksuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk mu ,saXyksa&teZu gkfFk;ksa dks VDdj nsus esa nksuksa ds gh eLrd kh.kZ rFkk pwj&pwj gksdj
fganqLFkku dks viuh vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ vius vki djus dk volj izkIr gks tkrkA ijarq bl gkFkkikbZ esa :l ds eqlyekuh fVM~Mh ny
dks fganqLFkku ij vke.k djus ds fy, mdlkdj fganqLFkkuh eqlyekuksa ds] tks fgaanqLFkku ds lekIrizk; eqlyekuh kklu dks iqu%
izLFkkfir djuk pkgrs Fks] jk{klh iz;kl Hkh fdafpr kq: gks ldrs FksA
bl lkjs nkao&ispksa dk iw.kZ fopkj djds viuh vlgk; voLFkk esa ml volj ij eSa D;k dj ldrk gwa] mldh :ijs[kk eu esa cukdj
mldk lwrksokp djrs fganqLFkk ljdkj dks ,d vkosnu&i= Hkstuk fufPkr fd;kA ;|fi esjh ;kstuk dh :ijs[k ;gak nsuk vlaHko gS]
fQj Hkh ml vkosnu&i= dh :ijs[kk ek= crk nsuk laHko gSA
fookrkok lkL= izfrdkj

Ik;Zos{kd }kjk fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= Hkstus dh vuqefr nsrs gh eSaus dgk fd fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr ls ljdkj dk
fpafrr gksuk LokHkkfod gS] fokskr% muds eu esa ;g ftKklk mRiUu gksuk laHko gS fd bl ;q} esa fganqLFkkuh kafrdkjh dkSu lh uhfr
viukrs gSa] vr% esjs tSlk canh] tks kafrdkjh vkanksyu ls fudVrk ls ifjfpr gS] bls viuk drZO; le>rk gS fd mUgsa vius fopkjksa
ls voxr djk,A fganqLFkku dks Lok/khu jkV cukuk gekjk /;s; Fkk vkSj vc Hkh gS] rFkkfi geus ,slh dksbZ kiFk ugha yh fd ml /;s;
ds fy, dsoy jDrikr dk ;k lkL= izfrdkj ds ekXkZ dk gh voyacu djuk gSA bruk gh ugha] vfirq vU; dksbZ Hkh mik;] ;fn lQy
gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh] rks ge lkL= izfrdkj dk lgkjk gh ugha ysrsA
tks ckr lk/ku dh] ogha lk/; dhA jktuhfr dk O;ogkj rFkk kklukkL= dk mPprd /;s; leLr euq;tkfr dks ,d ,slh izkfrfuf/kd
laLFkk dk ukxfjd cukuk gS ftlesa lcdks leku vf/kdkj izkIr gksA ,d bZoj] ,d Hkkkk] ,d tkfr] ,d thou&bl rjg ,d
U;k;izo.k rFkk izkfrfuf/kd kkafr lkezkT; dh vk/kzqo /kqzo LFkkiuk djds vkSj ml ekuo lkezkT; esa dqy] oak] tkfr&nsk&Hkkkk fHkUuRo ds
{kqnz vfHkeku rFkk vagdkj foyhu djds laiw.kZ euq;tkfr dk jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k gh gekjk /;s; gS] vr% gesa os lkjh laLFkk,a bl
flf} ds fy, rnuwdwy xzk gh izrhr gksrh gSa] D;ksafd os ml /;s;iFk dh vksj c<+us ds Viis gSaA ,slk dksbZ lkezkT;]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
296
Tkks vusd mitkfr;ksa ,oa jkVksa dks ,d kklu iz.kkyh esa fijks lds ml /;s; dks O;or djus ds fy, mi;qDr gh gksxkA vr% ,sls
lkezkT; ds ge drbZ fojks/kh ugha gSaA ftldh N=PNk;k esa fofHkUu jkV vius&vius fodkjl ds fy, ikskd Lora=rk dk Hkksx dj ldrs
gSaA
,rnFkZ vkt ftls fczfVk lkezkT; dgk tkrk gS] mlesa varHkwZr fganqLFkku nsk dks ;fn mldh viuh izd`fr ds vuqlkj rFkk rr~fLFkfruq:
Lokra=rk dk miHkksx djus dh vuqefr nh tk, rks ml lkezkT; ls ,dfuB jguk ge viuk drZO; le>sa xsA bl izdkj og lkezkT;]
tks vk;jySaM ls fganqLFkku rd lHkh nskksa dks ,d lw= esa fijksus dk dk;Z djrk gS] ^fczfVk lkezkT;* uke dks Hkh R;kT; le>sxkA mls
rc rd ^vk;Z lkezkT;* dgk tk, tc rd mls dksbZ vU; mi;qDr uke ugha feyrkA
bu lkezkT; pkydksa eas ;fn lkfod lkglh /kS;Z gks rks de&ls&de mlds v/khu fganqLFkku ds bl foLr`r vkSj izeq[k jkV dks rks lRoj
,sls vf/kdkj iznku djsa] ftlls og Lok/khurk ds vkuan dk Hkksx dj ldsA ;q} dh /kka/kyh esa vU; dqN djuk vlaHko gks rks Hkh ;fn
vkSifuosfkd Lok;krk colonial self government fganqLFkku dks nh tk, vkSj bl vf/kdkj&nku dk lwrksokp djus ds fy, ofjB
fo/kkueaMy esa Hkkjrh; izfrfuf/k;ksa dk fujiokn cgqer izLFkkfir fd;k tk, rks fganqLFkku nsk ds dY;k.kkFkZ gh ge vkSj gekjs er ds
kafrdkjh viuk iwoksZDr lkL= izfrdkj dk ekxZ LFkfxr djds bl ;q} esa baXySaM ds i{k dk ,dfuB Hkko ls leFkZu djsaxsA
gekjk ;g fo/kku eu&iwoZd gS ;k ugha] ;g fl} djus ds fy, gesa volj iznku djus rFkk Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds eu esa ;g fookl mRiUu
djus ds fy, fd baXySaM lR; gh fganqLFkku dh nklrk dh csfM+;ka rksM+ nsuk pkgrk gS] ljdkj dks izFker% ge jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh rqjar
eqDr djuk pkfg,A ge opu nsrs gSa fd ;fn bl le; gesa eqDr fd;k tk,xk rks ge vQxku] rqdZ vkfn ,fk;k ds fonskh eqlyekuksa
ds >qaMksa ls] tks fganqLFkku ij vke.k djus dk Hkjld iz;kl dj jgs gSa] Lonsk dh j{kk djus ds fy,] lsuk esa HkrhZ gksdj fganqLFkku ds
lhek lej ij vFkok vU; fdlh Hkh j.k{ks= esa tkus ds fy, vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[ksaxsA bl izdkj Lo;a lSfud gksus dh krksaZ ij ge
jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djds vkSj fganLFkku dks vkSifuosfkd Lok;krk iznku djus dk dke rRdky izkjaHk djds ofjB fof/k eaMy
councils esa Hkkjrh; izfrfuf/k;ksa ds cgqer izLFkkiu ds vf/kdkj iznku djus dh ?kksk.kk djds ljdkj fganqLFkku ds izse] lg;ksx rFkk
fuBk izkIr djus ds volj dk ykHk vo; mBk,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
297
vU; yksxksa dks rks eqDr fd;k tk,

;fn ljdkj dk eu fdlh rjg ls kafdr gS fd geus ;g vkosnu&i= dsoy canhx`g ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, fy[kk gS] vFkok vU;
jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus ls gesa Hkh eqDr djuk gksxk vkSj gekjh eqfDr ds Ikpkr~ ;g fufpr :i esa dguk dfBu gS fd ge kkafr Hkax
djsaxs ;k ugha] vkSj ;gh vPNk gS fd jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr ugha fd;k tk,& rks eSa izlUurkiwoZd Lo;a gh ;g lq>ko izLrqr djrk gwa fd
ljdkj eq>s cjh u djrs gq, mu jktcafn;ksa dks rqjr
a eqDr djs tks vaneku] fganqLFkku rFkk ckgj nsk&fonsk esa fudkflr gksdj =kl
>sy jgs gSaA mudh eqfDr esa Hkh eq>s mruk gh larksk izkIr gksxk ftruk vius eqDr gksus lsA
bl vkk; ls Hkjk vkosnu&i= eSaus Hkst fn;kA ml le; ;wjksi esa izk;% lHkh jkV vius&vius jktcafn;ksa dks cjh dj jgs FksA vk;fjk
^jktnzksgh* canh Hkh cjh gks x, Fks] ;s mnkgj.k Hkh eSaus fn, FksA bl vkosnUk&i= ls dksbZ bruk ikxy rks ugha Fkk tks fufpr :i esa ;g
le>rk fd jktcafn;ksa dks cjh fd;k tk,xkA fQj Hkh bl rjg ds vkosnu&i= Hkys gh dsoy vius cycwrs ij gh eqfDr ugha fnyk
lds] rFkkfi vkanksyu ds lkFk la;qDr gksus ij mudk Hkh dHkh&dHkh ,df=r ifj.kke gksrk gh gSA
esjs bl vkosnu&i= flracj 1914 dk mlh okZ ds fnlacj esa mkj vk x;k fd lkojdj dks bruk lwfpr fd;k tk, fd xouZj
tujy us esjk i= i<+ fy;k gS] ;|fi ml ij vf/kd`r mkj rRdky nsuk vlaHko gS] rFkkfi orZeku fLFkfr esa ml vkosnu esa nh gqbZ
lwpukvksa dks xzk le>uk ljdkj ds fy, vlaHko izrhr gks jgk gSA
bl mkj ls Hkh eq>s ;g izrhr gqvk fd nsk esa dqN /kwrZ jktuhfrdqky usrkvksa us ;q} ds volj ij dqN lq/kkj djus dk tks m|ksx
vkjaHk fd;k gS] mls kafrdkjh fopkjksa ,oa opuksa dh iqfV nsdj ljdkj ij ;FkklaHko ncko Mkyus dk esjk mn~ns; lQy gks x;k gSA
eSa dgk djrk fd ;g uhfr ml fLFkfr esa mi;qDr Fkh& vf/kdkj nks] lg;ksx yks&vf/kdkj ugh arks lg;ksx Hkh ughaA blh uhfr dh ckr
vius lgHkksxh jktcafn;ksa ds xys mrkjdj eSa cgqrksa dk ;g er rS;kj dj ldk fd tc rd ;q} dk var ugha gksrk rc rd bl
vkosnu&i= vkSj blds ckn Hkh fn, x, vkosnuksa ds leFkZu dh krZ ij eqDr djus ij ge ;FkklaHko ml opu dk ikyu djsaxsA
;q} ds vkjaHk gksus ds Ipkr~ vkSj ;g vkosnu&i= Hkstus ds Ikpkr~ ekg&Ms<+ ekg rd gekjs vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp cM+h xgjh ?kqVus
yxh FkhA ijarq kh?kz gh dqN vucu gksus dk izlax vk x;k] D;ksafd tSls&tSls ^;q} ds lekpkj* vkus yxs oSls&oSls gh tks lekpkj gesa
lR; izrhr gksrs] mUgsa ge cafn;ksa dks crkus yxsA igys geys ds lkFk ,d ds ihNs ,d teZuh dh thr ds lekpkj vkus yxsA vf/kdkjh
mUgsa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
298
fNikuk pkgrs FksA ckjh rks ?kupDdj Fks ghA os vxj vkt b/kj vaxsztksa dh thr gksrh rks dy m/kj c<+k&p<+kdj ckrsa djrsA mudh ;g
pky blfy, Fkh] rkfd vaxsztksa ds fok; esa tuekul esa c<+ jgh vizfrBk vkSj mudh ;g pky blfy, Fkh] rkfd vaxsztksa ds fok; esa
tuekul esa c<+ jgh vizfrBk vkSj mudh kfDr ls yksxksa dk <yrk fookl :ds vkSj ;g lqudj fd vaxsztksa dk lkezkT; MkaokaMksy gks
jgk gS] vKkuh vkSj mtM~M yksxksa esa naxk&Qlkn [kM+s djsu dh izofk u HkM+dAs ;g tkurs gq, Hkh jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&pkj fiV~Bw bu
fof{kIr xiksa esa gka esa gka feykrs gq, vU; cafn;ksa ls dgus yxs fd teZuh vfr nqcZy] uhp] xq:?kaVky gS vkSj vaxsztksa dh vkjrh mrkjus
ds iq.; d`R; dk Qy mUgsa bl yksd esa mlh {k.k vaneku esa gh tks fey jgk FkkA iksVZ Cysvj ds ijesoj ckjh mUgsa dBksj kkjhfjd
Je ds dke ls gVkdj lHkh cafn;ksa esa ?kqyus&feyus nsrs vkSj êqdkne* dk in Hkh ns nsrsA ge nks&pkj uV&nqV yksx bl lEeku ds
fy, vik= Fks] D;ksafd ;q} dk lkjk Bhdjk teZuh ds ekFks ij QksM+rs gq, ge canhokuksa dks bl rjg minsk ugha ns jgs Fks fd ml wj]
[kwa[kkj teZu O;k?kz ds fkdats ls baXySaM tSls n;uh; eseuksa dks NqMk+ us ds fy, gh vR;ar lkfod ks/kok bl ;q} esa dwn iM+k gSA teZuh
dh LokFkhZ egodka{kkvksa dks ge ftl rjg foosfpr dj jgs Fks] mlh rjg baXySaM dh vigkjd ykylk rFkk teZuh dh kfDr ls bZ;kZ dh
Hkh MqxMqxh ihV jgs FksA teZuh dh thr ij ge ekre ugha euk jgs Fks] cfYd vR;ar fui{k Hkko ls tSlk lekpkj vkrk mls
T;ksa&dk&R;ksa cafn;ksa dks crkdj mUgsa ;g LiV dj jgs Fks fd fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr ij mldk D;k ifj.kke gks ldrk gSA canh txr~ ds
mu gtkjksa yksxksa dks blls thfor jktuhfr dk Kku gqvk vkSj ml dk;Z ds fy, izR;{k ykHk mBkus ds fy, egk;q} dk ;g viwoZ
volj vk igqapk gS]63 ,slk gesa yxrk FkkA
cafn;ksa dh yM+kbZ dh dYiuk

;q} fNM+rs gh D;ksafd fganqLFkku dh rjg vaneku esa Hkh lk/kkj.k yksxksa ls ysdj i<s+&fy[kksa rd ,d gh [kycyh ep xbZ] vFkkZr~ bl
[kycyh dk mn~xe ml fujk/kkj] fujkk rFkk ifrr canh txr~ esa jktuhfr vFkok Lonsk dh fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud Hkkouk ls ugha gqvk]
cfYd og rks eq[;r% mudh eqfDr dh LokFkhZ vkkk&Hkkouk ls gqvk Fkk] blhfy, ;q} dk Hkfo; muds fy, vkReh; izu gks x;k FkkA
muesa ls mUgsa Hkh tks vKkuh Fks] cpiu ls nardFkk,a ,oa xIis lqudj ;g Kkr gks x;k Fkk fd fdl rjg izkphu cknkkgksa ,oa
jktk&ekgkjktkvksa ds jkT; pqVdh ctkrs gh myV&iqyV gks tkrs FksA ml iwoZdkfyu jktuhfr dh nardFkkRed Hkkkk eas gh os bl u,
fok; dk
63
nwljs egk;q} esa Hkh ohj lkojdj dh ;gh Hkwfedk FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
299
vuqokn djds mldh dYiuk,a djrsA izkphu dky esa veqd jktk ekjk x;k vkSj mldk jkT; veqd jktk us gM+i fy;kA blh rjg
cafn;ksa dh ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd fdlh Hkh yM+kbZ esa vaxsztksa dk jktk ekjk x;kA vFkok teZuh dk jktk idM+k x;k fd ;q} lekIr gks
tk,xk] vaxszth kklu iyV tk,xk vkSj fQj lkjs&ds&lkjs canh NwV tk,axsA bu xaokj] vukM+h dYiukvksa dh lq[kn ygjksa ij mu cafn;ksa
dh vkkk&vkdka{kkvksa dh uS;k dbZ fnuksa rd Mksyrh jgh FkhA
ykyVsu fgykrs gq, okWMZj tc igjk nsrs rc dksBjh ds canh izu djrs vkSj os Lo;aekU; fo}kk ls Hkjs gksdj vf/kdkjiw.kZ ok.kh ls ;q}
ds eeZ dh O;k[;k djrs fd bl le; vaxsztksa dk jktk eqdqV /kkj.k dj] dej esa ryokj yVdk, teZuh ds jktk dh lsuk ij igkM+h
ij p<+dj dM+h utj j[k jgk gksxkA ;fn teZuh ds jktk us vpkud dksbZ rhj NksM+k rks\ ijarq teZu dk og jktk baXySaM ds jktk dk
nkekn tks Bgjk] dgha mldh jkuh ml teZu dks vius firk ij rhj NksM+rs le; chp esa iM+dj jksd rks ugha ysxh! bl izdkj canh;ksa
dh gkL;kLin ppkZ tc ge lqurs rks gekjk cM+k euksjt
a u gksrkA dksBfj;ksa ds cafn;ksa ls bl rjg ppkZ djrs&djrs ml okWMZj dks irk
Hkh ugha pyrk fd rhu ?kaVs dk mldk igjk fdl rjg pqVdh ctkrs gh lekIr gks x;kA vc dksYgw dk dke Hkh cafn;ksa dks bruk
dVizn izrhr ugha gksrk] D;kasfd muesa ls galksM+ LoHkko ds canh dksYgw pykrs gq, Hkh tksj ls fpYykrs] ^vjs ;kj] dksYgw! Ckl vc FkksM+s
gh fnu jg x, gSaA fQj rqEgsa gkadus ds fy, dksbZ ugha vk,xkA vkjke ls tax [kkrs iM+s jguk*A cl ,d canh dh ;g xtZuk lwurs gh
reke dksYgwokys canh iafDr esa [kM+s gksdj mlh etsnkj xtZuk dks nksgjkrs] ^vjs ?kweks ;kj! ?kweks! cl] FkksMs+ gh fnu jg x, gSaA**
vkSj ml vkosk esa] bl fopkj ls fd vc FkksMs+ gh fnu ksk jgs gSa] dksYgw dh cYyh vkSj p gok esa ckrsa djus yxrs vkSj ?kaVs Hkj dk
dke vk/ks ?kaVs esa gh fucV tkrkA ;g ckr dBksj ifjJe djrs cafn;ksa dh gh ugha] muds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkh Fkh] tks muij fu;qDr
fd, x, FksA buesa os Hkh Fks] ,sls ftUgsa chl&iPphl cjlksa dk naM gks pqdk gSA raMy
s ] isVh vQlj tSl&s rSls ns[kjs[k dk viuk dke
fuiVkdj jksrs] djkgrs] crs gq, rhu&pkj ?kaVs ?klhVrs FksA ijarq vc os canhx`g esa vkrs gh ;q} dk dqN u;k lekpkj ykdj cafn;ksa esa
ls fdlh rhlekj [kka ds lkFk ml ij ppkZ djrs jgrs vkSj ppkZ dks lrr ihldj vaxsztksa dk r[rk iyVrs gh mlesas ls viuh eqfDr
ds fy, vuqdwy vFkZ fudkyus ds fy, mlij dYiuk dk gydk lk dksYgw ?kqekrs jgrsA brus esa ml vQlj dh fjgkbZ ds fy, nwljk
raMsy vkSj isVh vQlj vkrkA mls ns[krs gh pkSadrs gq, ls egkk; dgrs] ^vjs] rhu ?kaVs chr Hkh pqds! brus ct x,\ HkbZ] irk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
300
gh ugha pyk] le; dSls QqjZ gks x;kA* igys raMsy vkfn tks vf/kdkjh cafn;ksa dks NsM+&NkM+dj] mUgsa rax djds viuk euksjatu djrs Fks]
vc os bl u, euksjatu [ksy esa O;Lr gks x, Fks vkSj blls dkexkj cafn;ksa ds dV Hkh cgqr lql gks x,A n`fV feyrs gh VaVs&c[ksM+s]
dqks leku HkkSaduk vkSj xkyh&xykSt vkjaHk djus dh ctk; vc os ijLij vka[ksa pkj gksrs gh] fdlh canh dks ns[krs gh vkrqjrk ls
^D;k lekpkj gS HkkbZ\* iwNrs vkSj dqN Hkh lekpkj gks] ij mldk ,dek= fudkZ fudkyrs gq, dgrs] ^pyks] vc FkksMs+ gh fnu jg x,*
vkSj lfLer onu ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysrsA dgrs] ^pyks] vc FkksM+s gh fnu jg x,* vkSj lfLer onu ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysrsA
bl izdkj ;q}&o`kkar ds fy, c<+k LokHkkfod vkdkZ. vkSj iqu% vius LokFkZ dh leL;k ;q} ds ifj.kkeksa ls layXu gksus ds dkj.k ;q}
lekpkj lquus dh ;g tks ftKklk cafn;ksa esa tkxzr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj dqy feykdj muds eu esa ,d vuwBh [kycyh ep xbZ Fkh] mldk
ykHk mBkrs gq, muds eu esa fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr esa vkLFkk vkSj :fp txkus dk geus fup; fd;kA vc gj dksbZ gekjs ikl
lekpkj dh ekax djus vk tkrkA tks eqlyeku ds kqf}dj.kok vlarqV gks x, Fks] os Hkh gekjh vksj HkfDrHkko ls ns[kus yxs] D;kasfd
vU; jktcanh ckjh dk eu j[kus ds fy, myV&iqyVdj ;q} lekpkj lqukrsA muds eu esa vVy fookl iSnk gks pqdk Fkk fd ge vkSj
gekjh fopkj/kkjk ds vU; yksx T;ksa&dk&R;ksa lekpkj nsus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpdrsA ,sls le; ;fn gekjs ikl dksbZ lekpkj iwNus vk
tkrk rks ge mlds lkeus ;g krZ j[krs fd ;fn rqe i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[kksxs rks izfrfnu tks Hkh lekpkj feysxk] og ge rqEgsa rqjar ns
nsaxsA bl izyksHku ls ,sls dbZ yksx i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[k x, tks igys Vl&ls&el ugha gksrs FksA
;q}iwoZ fganqLFkku dh vK turk dh dksfV&dksfV tula[;k esa foo ek= nks&rhu jkT;ksa esa caV x;k FkkA ;fn fganw gks rks foyk;r vFkok
vf/kd&ls&vf/kd dkcqy dk vehjA blds vkxs mlds HkkSxksfyd vFkok jktuhfrd Kku dh igqap dHkh ugha tkrhA ;fn fdlh us dgk f
dbl Hkwry ij foyk;r vFkok dkcqy ds vfrfjDr Hkh vU; cM+s&cM+s jkT; gSa] rks mls vkp;Z gksrkA muds uke rks mls fcYdwy ugha
vkrsA ,d vaxzst vkSj nwljk vehjA eqlyeku gks rks og ,d rhljs jktk dk uke ys ysrkA rqdhZ dk lqyrkuA vr% ;q} vkjaHk gksus
ij fdrus gh fnuksa rd cafn;ksa dh ;gh /kkj.kk jgh fd vaxszt vkSj lqyrku esa gh ;g ;q} fNM+k gS] D;kasfd fdlh rhljs jkT; dh dYiuk
mUgsa ugha FkhA os vaxzst vkSj eqlyekuksa ls gh ifjfpr FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa mudh ;q} fok;d ftKklk dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ge mUgsa
lekpkj nsus ls igys muds lkeus ;g krZ j[krs fd izFker% i`Foh ij ekStqn nskksa ds uke jV yks vkSj ;g ekufp= uDkk le> yksA
bZaVksa ds VqdM+ksa ls nhokjksa ds pwus vFkok LysV ij ;wjksi] ,fk;k
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vkfn ekufp= cukdj ge rFkk gekjs lg;ksxh bu cafn;ksa dks le>krsA tku tkus ij Hkh tks Hkwxksy ugha lh[krs] os lekpkjksa ds fy,
lh[kus yxsA ge bu cafn;ksa dks teZuh] kal] vkWfLV;k] :l] feJ] lfcZ;k] csfYt;e vkfn jkVksa ds uke jVkrsA blds Ikpkr~ ;g
fn[kkrs gq, fd bu ekufp=ksa ij mudh vofLFkfr dgka gS] mUgsa ;q} ?kVuk le>krsA muesa ls tks prqj] cqf}eku Fks mUgsa ;g i<+krs x,
fd mu fofHkUu jkVksa dk lafo/kku dSlk gksrk gSA os jktk ls gh ifjfpr FksA vr% os ;gh dgrs&kal dk jktk gV x;k] vesfjdk dk
jktk dqfir gks x;kA vkSj tc muls dksbZ ;g dg nsrk fd ogka jktk gh ugha gS] rks vpaHks esa iM+dj iwNrs&rks fQj ;q} dkSu djrk gS\
Hkkjr esa jktk&egkjktkvksa dh dFkkvksa ls mudh ;gh /kkj.kk cu xbZ Fkh f dos fuR; }a};q} djrs jgrs gSaA :l dk jktk vR;ar fucZy
gS vFkkZr~ muds fopkj ls :l ds jktk ds gkFk nqcys gSa vkSj kjhj lk/kkj.k lk gS] vkSj mUgsa vkkk Fkh fd teZuh dk cknkkg
gV~Vk&dV~Vk gS] vr% :l ds jktk dks lqikjh tSlk >V ls xVd tk,xkA vr% ;g fup; djrs le; fd thu fdldh gksxh] os izFke
iwNrs] csfYt;e dk vFkok dksbZ vU; jktk fdl rjg ls yM+rk gS\ ?kqM+lokjh esa og fuiq.k gS ;k ugha\ dSlj ds kkjhfjd MhyMkSy ds
o.kZu rks vfr Jo.kh; FksA gV~Vk&dV~Vk] eqLVaMk gksrs&gksrs og egkdk; Hkhelsu tSlk cu x;k FkkA fdys ds }kj dks ,d eqDds ls
pwj&pwj dj nsrk] kalhlh jktk dks rks mlus ,d ckj xjnu idM+dj ,d /kDds esa fpr dj fn;k FkkA gesa vkt Hkh Lej.k gS] fdlh us
gels izu fd;k Fkk fd teZu cknkkg dk dn vf/kd yack gS ;k :l ds cknkkg dk( vkSj tc geus ;g crk;k fd u dsoy :lh
jktk izR;qr :lh yksx Hkh lk/kkj.kr% teZu yksxksa ls vf/kd yacs vkSj V&iqV gksrs gSa] rc mudh lansg Hkjh og eqnzk vkSj fQj teZu
jktk dh :lh jktk ls eqBHksM+ gksus ij ml cspkjs dh dSlh nqxZr cusxh] bl fopkj ls fpafrr mudh vkd`fr ge vkt Hkh ns[k jgs gSaA
cafn;ksa ds eu ls ^jktk* rFkk jkT; fok;d vKku dks nwj djds geus muds lkFk kklu kkL=karxZr O;kogkfjd ,oa rkfod ppkZ dh fd
^lkezkT;* D;k gksrk gS] lkezkT; dh rjg iztkra= republic dk lafo/kku dSlk gksrk gS] ogka ds jkT;ksa esa ;q}] laf/k vkfn dke jktk
tSlk ,d O;fDr u djrs gq, fdl rjg iap&lHkk,a djrh gSaA jktk vkSj v/;{k esa varj D;k gksrk gS] vesfjdk vkSj kal esa fdl rjg
v/;{k gksrs gSaA muds lkeus ckj&ckj ;gh krZ j[kh fd ;g lkjh ppkZ /;ku esa j[kdj blds lgh&lgh mkj nsus ij gh ge rqEgsa
lekpkj nsaxsA bl rjg ;q} ds izFke okZ gh ge ml canh txr~ esa HkkSxksfyd Kku rFkk jktuhfr ds varjkZVh; laca/kksa rFkk Lo:i dh
tkudkjh dk vkp;Ztud QSyko djus eas lQy gks x,A vkxs pydj rks ;q}dyk lquus dh cafn;ksa ij tSls /kqu gh lokj gks xbZA
tSls&tSls os bl rF; dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
302
vuqHko djus yxs fd Hkwxksy] ekufp= rFkk lafo/kku dk Kku gksus ls bu lekpkjksa dk eeZ mke jhfr ls Kkr gksrk gS vkSj fdruh
xgjh vkRerqfV izkIr gksrh gS] oSls&oSls dbZ canh vius vki gh gesa mu ekufp=ksa dks le>kb,] ;g crkb, vkfn Kku vkxzgiwoZd
iwNdj lh[kus yxsA lekpkjksa ds yksHkok ge dbZ cafn;ksa esa ckgj tkdj Lo;a lekpkj&i= i<+us dh yxu Hkh mRiUu dj ldsA
fganqLFkku dk ykHk nsf[k,

canh txr~ dh HkkSxksfyd ladqfprrk nwj djds mls foLr`r djkus ds iz;kl ds lkFk&gh&lkFk ge muls foksk :i ls Hkwxksy] ekufp= ,oa
jktuhfrd voLFkk dk v/;;u Hkh djkrs FksA cafn;ksa dks izFker% ^teZu* lgtrkiwoZd Hkk x;k] D;kasfd mudh ;g Hkkouk Fkh fd vaxszt
dHkh fdlh Hkh canhoku dks vklkuh ls ugha NksM+rk vkSj teZu ;fn vaxsztksa dk jktikV ys ysaxs rks og mu cafn;ksa dks NksM+ nsax]s vr%
teZu dks Hkyk&cqjk dguk mUgsa drbZ ugha lqgkrkA blfy, tc ge viuh laLFkk ds lnL;kas vkSj muds }kjk vU; cafn;ksa dks crkrs fd
fganqLFkku ij ;q} ds D;k ifj.kke gksaxs vkSj viuh dk;Zflf} ds fy, fganqLFkku dks dSl s&dSls nkao&isp yM+kus gksaxs] rc gekjk ;g dguk
fd teZuh ;fn fganqLFkku ij vke.k djs rks og fganqLFkku ij vR;kpkj djsxk] ,sls esa ek= teZuh dh thr esa vkidk D;k ykHk] rks
muesa ls db;ksa dks cM+k vfiz; yxrkA fQj ge mUgsa x/ks dh ;g dgkuh lqukrs&^,d dqEgkj x/ks ls fxj x;kA rc mlij teZu dqEgkj
p<+ x;k] ij og fujk x/ks&dk&x/kk gh jg x;kA vr% rqEgkjh ;g /kkj.kk fd teZuh dh thr gks xbZ rks fganqLFkku dh thr gksxh&fuiV
ew[kZrkiw.kZ gSA* bl rjg le>kus&cq>kus ls dbZ yksxksa ds iYys iM+rkA rc dgha cafn;ksa dks foLrkjiwoZd ;g le>kuk laHko gksrk fd
egk;q} dh bl /kka/kyh esa gekjs fganqLFkku dks ;fn dqN ykHk gksuk gS rks og fdl rjg gksxk] mlds fy, ge lHkh dks D;k djuk gksx kA
;g ckr le>nkj fganw canh ds xys rks mrj tkrh fd teZu ds vkus ls Hkh D;k\ og Hkh fganqLFkku ij gkoh gks tk,xkA ijarq rqdZ
vFkok vehj ds vkus ls fganqLFkku dks Hkyk D;k ykHk gksxk] ;g ckr eqlyekuksa dks yk[k le>kus ij Hkh le> esa ugha vkrhA lqYrku
muds fy, [kqnk dk izfr:i FkkA muds dFkk&iqjk.kksa vkSj /keZ esa bl kCn dh pkjksa vksj dSlh&dSlh vuwBh] foLe;tud dFkk,a xqaFkh gqbZ
gSaA ckY;kdky ls gh mUgsa yksjh esa ,slh ?kqV~Vh fiykbZ tkrh gS fd lqYrku ds uke ek= ls gh muds n; esa xkSjo vkSj vkkk,a mRiUu
gksrhA og lqYrku fganqLFkku ij vke.k djus tk jgk gS vkSj vki dgrs gSa fd fganqLFkku dks D;k ykHk gksxk\ ykHk ;g gksxk fd vaxsztksa
dks Hkxkdj Hkkjr esa eqlyekuh jkT;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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izLFkkfir gksxkA ijarq ;g ckr gh mudh le> esa ugha vkrh fd lqYrku dk jkT; Hkh fonskh jkT; gh gSA dksbZ bfrgkl tkuusokyk
ekSyoh vFkok fkf{kr canh gks vkSj mls bfrgkl ds vk/kkj ds lkFk ;g fn[kk fn;k fd rqdksZa us vjcksa ij] vjcksa us bZjkfu;ksa ij]
bZjkfu;ksa us iBkuksa ij vkSj iBkuksa us bZjkfu;ksa vkSj eqxykas ij( lHkh fonskh eqlyekuksa us Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa ij dSls fdrus vR;kpkj
fd,] rc Hkh og pkgrk fd fganqLFkku ij lqYrku vke.k djs vkSj mldk eqlfYke jkt iwjs fganqLFkku ij izLFkkfir gks&blh esa fganqLFkku
dh HkykbZ gSA muds bl jkVkfHkekukwU;] /kkfeZd mUekn esa muds foo fok;d vKku dh tksM+ feyh gqbZ gS] fQj mudh dYiukvksa dh
?kqM+nkSM+ ds vkuan ds D;k dgus\ vaxszt cknkkg ls rks os ifjfpr gh FksA ijarq ;g lezkV~ mUgsa u;k feykA mldk cy] mldh kfDr]
mlds ijke ohjrk dh vn~Hkqr dFkk,a os jkr&fnu lqurs vkSj vfHkekuiwoZd Lo;a Hkh lqukrsA bl foospu mn~ns; ls fd bl lezkV~ dks
bruk cy] bruh lQyrk dgka ls izkIr gksrh gSa& os vkil esa fokskr% fganw cafn;ksa dks crkrs fd ;g cy lezkV~ lqYrku dh dìk ls izkIr
djrk gSA
eqlyekuksa }kjk rqdhZ dh cM+kbZ

kqf}dj.k vkanksyu izkjaHk gksus ds Ikpkr~ ;q} fNM+ x;k FkkA mlesa rqdksZa ds Hkkx ysrs gh eqlyekuksa dks] tks gekjs kqf}dj.k vkanksyu ls
grizHk gks x, Fks] fganqvksa dks HkzV djus ds fy, ,d uwru lk/ku fey x;k& lqYrku dk ukeA vc vaxzsth kklu Mwcrs gh bl
fganqLFkku ij Lo;a lqYrku vkdj teZu ds lezkV~ dks izLFkkfir djsxk] vr% iqu% eqlyekuksa dk kklu izLFkkfir gksdj mUgsa egoiw. kZ
vf/kdkj feysaxs vkSj tks eqlyeku ugha gksaxs mUgsa naM Hkh feysxkA bl izdkj os ludh ihj [kqysvke fganqvksa ls dgus yxsA mlus ;fn
;g iwNk tkrk fd rqEgsa fdlus crk;k] rks dgrs&cktkj esa fdlh mnZw if=dk esa Nkik gSA dbZ ckj :vkals gksdj] Vdk lk eqag ysdj fganw
canh iwNrs] ^cMs+ ckck] D;k ;g lp gS fd fganqLFkku ij eqlyekuksa dk jkt gksusokyk gS vkSj dsoy eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks gh cjh fd;k
tk,xk\* bl izdkj ds lekpkj nsdj eqlyekuksa esa ludh /kekZa/k yksx fganw cafn;ksa ls dgrs] ^blhfy, dgrk gwa] rqe eqlyeku cu
tkvksA* lekpkj ds bl jksx ls fganqvksa dks cpkus ds fy, ge mudh viVkax dgkfu;ksa dh FkqDdk&Qthgr djus dk volj dHkh ugha
[kksrsA /khjs&/khjs izk;% LkHkh fganqvksa dks rqdksaZ ds cykcy dk lE;d~ Kku gks x;k] vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ gekjs okD;ksa dh >M+h lqu daBLFk
dj pqdus ds ckn os mUgha okD;ksa dh ckSNkj ls mu xIihnkl ekSyfo;ksa ds eqag [kqyrs gh can dj nsrsA ^rqEgkjk ;g lqYrku Hkwlk ksj gSA
mls fckk Hkj ds cyxsfj;k us ekjk] lfcZ;k us /kqukbZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
304
dh] xzhl us dqpy MkykA xr nl okksZa esa nl Lfkkuksa ij mldh nqxZr cuh vkSj og fganqLFkku ij vke.k djsxk\ vaxzstksa dh ,d
QVdkj mldks pqi dj nsus ds fy, dkQh gSA cl] teZuh ds fuea=.k ls mls FkksM+k&cgqr ego izkIr gks x;k gS] vU;Fkk vkt rd
mlus vaxsztksa dk uke D;ksa ugha fy;k\ vkSj lquk gS] ;g lqYrku lezkV~ dks cy nsrk gS] ;k nsrk gSA HkbZ] dgka lezkV~ vkSj dgka lqYrku~
dgka jktk Hkkst vkSj dgka xaxq rsyh~* bl rjg iwoZfu;ksftr fufpr vkSj Bksl okD;ksa ds mPpkj.k ls fga nw canh mu >Ddh ihjksa dh
Vj&Vj can djds mudk Hkze rksM+rsA
fkf{kr fganqvksa dks eSa teZuksa dh lsuk] gokbZ tgkt] j.k ukSdk vkfn cy vkSj rqdksZa ds cy& nksuksa dh lkjf.k;ksa ds ckjs es a le>krkA
eqlyekuksa dks Hkh le>krk] ^bl rjg dh O;FkZ Mhxsa gkaddj rqe yksx viuh gh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksad jgs gksA* ;g lR; eSa ckj&ckj
vkusokys lekpkjksa dk izlkj.k djrs gq, Qsykrk fd tks FkksMh+ &cgqr lQyrk feyrh gS og Hkh izeq[kr% teZu ck:n] vL=&kL= rFkk
izfk{kk dk Qy Fkk vkSj Lo;a teZu lsukuk;d mu rqdhZ lsukvksa dk lapkyu dj jgs FksA ihNs of.kZr gekjh laLFkk dh lkIrkfgd lpy
vFkok fLFkj lHkkvksa esa r:.k rqdksaZ ds bfrgkl ij O;k[;ku nsrk vkSj vuoj csx vkfn muds usrkvksa dk ;Fkksfpr xkSjo&xku djrs gq,
vius rRdkyhu n`fVdks.k ds vuqlkj foLrkjiwoZd LiV djrk fd ;q} esa rqdksaZ ds lkFk xBca/ku gksus ls teZuh ds gkFk fdl rjg
fganqLFkku rd igqapus esa lgk;rk feyh gS] vkSj ;fn fganqLFkku bldk ;Fkksfpr ykHk mBk ldk rks fdl rjg egoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgsxkA
ml le; rd rqdksaZ ds izfr ;Fkksfpr lgkuqHkwfr dk iznkZu djrs gq, eSa mudh ;Fkks fpr izkalk Hkh djrkA vr% eqlyeku eq>ij fuR;
gh nkar ihlrs] eq>ls [kkj [kkrsA
lezkV~ eqlyeku vkSj vk;Z cuk

dbZ ckj muds bl ?keaMh rFkk nqVrkiw.kZ gsrq ls izsfjr ks[kfpYyh dh FkqDdk&Qthgr cM+s etsnkj <ax ls djuh iM+rhA ,d ckj vkB&nl
fnu rd bu eqlyekuksa us iwjs iksVZ Cysvj vkSj foksk :i ls dkjkxkj esa ;g vQokg Qsyk nh fd ^lezkV~ eqlyeku gks x;kA lqYrku us
mlls LiV dg fn;k] ;fn rqe eqlyeku cuksxs rHkh eSa j.k esa jgwaxk] vU;Fkk eSa ^jkt/kkuh* esa okil pyk tkrk gwaA* rc lezkV~ ?kcM+k;k
vkSj eqlyeku cu x;kA ;g lekpkj os Nkrh Qqykdj fganw cafn;ksa ds lkeus dgrs fQjrsA rc fganw cafn;ksa esa tks LokfHkekuh Fks] os
eu&gh&eu lksprs] mUgsa uhpk fn[kk;k tk jgk gS vkSj os iwNrs] ^D;k ;g lp gS \* var esa gekjs izpkjdksa esa ls ,d mRlkgh okWMZj canh
us&tks Lo;a vk;Zlekth Fkk&gels dgk] ^êgkjkt] gesa ;g fl} djuk pkfg, fd ;g lekpkj dksjh xi gSA** geus dgk] ^^fl}&vfl}
Hkyk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
305
dkSu djrk gS\ muds eqag can djus ds fy, eSa rqEgsa ,d ;qfDr crkrk gwaA dy ckgj ls dkjkx`g esa ix j[krs gh] cM+s mRlkg ds lkFk
;g lekpkj nsrs fQjks fd lezkV~ ^vk;Z* tgka&tgka rqEgsa eqlyeku okWMZj xIisa gkadrs feysa ogka& ogka rqe fganw okWMZj Hkh dqaMyh ekjdj cSBks
vkSj xiki djks fd lezkV~ vk;Z gks x;kA dksbZ iwNs&bldk izek.k\ rc dgks&cktkj esa fganh lekpkj&i= esa i<+kA**
fQj D;k Fkk] nwljs gh fnu la/;k le; dkjkxkj esa ;g xi mM+ xbZ fd lezkV~ ^vk;Z* gks x;k gS eqlyeku Hkh ncdj vkil esa iwNus
yxs] ^HkbZ] ;g dSlk <dkslyk gS\* [kkst djrs&djrs irk pyk fd ;g lekpkj veqd fganw okWMZj ysdj vk;k gSA nwljs&rhljs fnu lkjs
dSfn;ksa ds ,d gh LFkku ij bdV~Bs gksrs gh] vkSj muds eqag [kksyus ls igys gh ml fganw okWMZj us lkjs fganw okWM Zjksa dks ;g dFkk lqukuk
vkjaHk fd;k fd lezkV~ vk;Z vFkkZr~ vk;Zlekth gks x;k gSA tys&Hkqus eqlyeku chp esa gh iwNus yxs] ^^ ;g >wB ugha gS fd lezkV
eqlyeku gks x;k gS!** fganw us iwNk] ^^bldk izek.k D;k gS\** mUgksaus dgk] ^^geus mnZw if=dk esa i<+kA** mlus dgk] ^êSaus fganh if=dk
esa i<+k fd dSlj vk;Z cu x;k gSA** eqlyeku okWMZj us iwNk] ^^dgka gS og fganh if=dk\** blus iwNk] ^^dgka gS og mnZw if=dk\**
eqlyekuksa us dgk ]^^vk;Z dkfQjksa dk /keZ gSA** fganqvksa us dgk] ^^bLyke EysPNksa dk /keZ gSA** djrs& djrs ekeyk ^rw&rM+kd* ij mrj
vk;kA
ml fganw okWMZj us gj okD; ij ekr nsrs gq, iwNk] ^^rqdZ tks lezkV~ ds lkeus Hkhxh fcYyh cudj jg jgk gS] ;fn Hkxoku ds ?kj mldh
bruh lk[k gksrh rks lfcZ;k] cyxsfj;k] xzhl vkfn lkjs bZlkbZ /kehZ; ns bLyke /kehZ; rqdksZ dks ;q} esa ijkftr ugha dj ldrs FksA rc
;fn bZoj us eqlyekuksa ds fy, dksbZ tsfcz;u ugha Hkstk vkSj bZlkb;ksa dks fot; fnykbZ] rks blls D;k ;g fl} ugha gksrk fd eql yekuksa
ij vktdy mldh dìkn`fV ugha gSA fQj lezkV bl lQy bZlkbZ /keZ dks NksM+dj ml vlQy eqlyekuh /keZ dks Hkyk Lohdkj gh D;ksa
djsxk\ bl ij Hkh mldk eqlyeku gksuk laHko gS] ;gh vki dgsaxs rks fQj ;g lekpkj Hkh laHkouh; gS fd og eqlyeku ls iqu% vk;Z
gks x;k gS] D;ksafd dqN eqlyeku iqu% vk;Z gks tkrs gSaA**
bl fookn dk lekpkj nwljs fnu teknkj rd igqap x;kA og Hkh ^lezkV~ eqlyeku gks x;k* dgusokyk gh Fkk] ij D;k djrkA blds
Ikpkr~ dksbZ Hkh eqlyeku lezkV~ ds eqlyeku gksus dh ckr dgrk rks lef>, fganw mlds fganw vk;Z gksus dh ckr vo; dgrsA var esa
eqlyekuksa us ;g lekpkj Qsykuk gh NksM+ fn;kA
;q} esa rqdksZ ds dwn iM+us ls fganqLFkku esa bLykeh jkT; izLFkkfir djus dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
306
vkdka{kk pksj&mpDdksa ds eu esa Hkh bl rjg mn~nhIr gks xbZ rks fQj chp&chp esa ;g lekpkj izlkfjr gksrs gh fd vQxkfuLrku dk
vehj Hkh ;q} esa lfEefyr gksdj fczfVkksa ds fo:} ;q} iqdkj jgk gS] rc dgus dh vko;drk gh ugha gS fd muds mn~nhiu dk Tokj
dSls <kM+sa ekj jgk FkkA fokskr% iBku rks okkZ dh igyh >M+h ds lkFk ty ls yckyc xM~<ksa ds es<dksa ds leku VjZ&VjZ djrs gq ,
dwnus yxsA ,d iBku fcks Hkj dk lekpkj Qsykrk rks nwljk gkFk Hkj dkA tc rd dsoy rqdZ vkSj vuoj csx gh ;q} djrs rc rd
og vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vaxzstksa dh iwjh lsuk dks HkLe dj nsrk vFkok ^cljk* ys ysrkA ijarq vehj dh ckr gh U;kjh FkhA Hkyk og
vuoj dh rjg ^cljs* rd gh FkksMs+ :drk\ vehj dsoy fla/kq unh ikj djds Hkh ugha :drkA og rks mls ikj djus ls igys gh vkt
ykgkSj dk }kj [kV[kVkrk rks dy ljfgan ij cjlrkA iBku okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj] tks dkjkxkj ds ckgj ls vkrs&tkrs jgrs] Hkhrj
ix j[krs gh vkrqj thHk vkSj ckSjkbZ gqbZ kh?kzrk ls dqN ,slk pjijk lekpkj lqukrs fd cafn;ksa esa ,d leku [kycyh eprhA ,d
dgrk] vehj us ykgkSj ys fy;k rks nwljk dgrk] lezkV~ us yanu ij dCtk dj fy;kA lekpkj dk vk/kkj\ bl ugha rks ml Vkiw dk
êqakh* vkSj mnZw v[kckj!
ew[kZrk ds ihNs lqlaxfr

iBkuksa dh bl gkL;kLin ew[kZrk dh tM+ esa tks ,d y{k.kh; tkR;kfHkeku jgrk gS] mldh vksj eSa fganw dk /;ku vkdfkZr djk, fcuk
ugha jg ldrkA bl ckr ij xkSj djsa] ;g lqurs gh fd fganqLFkku ij dksbZ eqlyeku jktk vke.k dj jgk gS&eqlfyeksa esa ls
pksj&mpDdksa] mtM~Mksa rd lHkh ds eu esa mlds izfr fdruh lgkuqdaik mRiUu gksrh gS( vkSj bl lgkuqHkwfr dk volj feyrs gh d`fr;kas
esa ifjorZu gksus dh laHkkouk dqN de ugha gksxhA eqlyekuksa dks viuh bl izo`fk ij Hkys gh xoZ gks] rFkkfi ge bl ckr ij xkSj djsa
fd og fganqvksa ds fgr esa ?kkrd gSA vkSj ml ij mlh rjg ;g nsf[k, fd kSko dky ls bLykeh jkT; dh ;g vkdka{kk fdl rjg /keZ
ds :i esa muds ?kj&?kj esa xys mrkjh tkrh gSA vkSj ;g Hkh nsf[k, fd fganqvksa esa ls fdrus yksxksa dk fganqLFkku] fganw lkk] fganw jktk
vkfn kCnksa ds de&ls&de vFkZ dk Hkh cks/k gksrk gS \ bl gtkj esa ls ,d dks Hkh bldk eryc irk ugha gksxk] fQj lgkuqHkwfr rks nwj
gh jghA iBkuksa dk ,d Lora= jkT; ksk jgk gS&dkcqyA vius [kku&iku] mBus&cSBus lHkh esa os mldh gh ekyk tirs gSaA ge fganqvks a
dk mruk gh ,d NksVk lk jkT; vkt Hkh thfor gS( ijarq D;k vki mldk uke tkurs gSa \ og jkT; gS&usikyA vkiesa ls dksfV&dksfV
vfkf{kr tuksa dks ;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
307
Hkh Kkr ugha fd ;g jkT; fganw gS ;k eqlfye\ vkSj vkiesa ls fkf{kr tu] muesa ls dbZ yksx rks eq>ls cgl djrs gSa fd usiky
fganqLFkku nsk dk vak ughaA og ,d vyx nsk] vyx tkfr gksus ls gekjs fy, mruk gh fonskh gS ftruk phu] bZjku] vQxkfuLrku
vFkok lfcZ;kA
vkSj oLrqr% vaneku esa usiky dh HkforO;rk ds laca/k esa rFkk bl fok; esa fd fdl rjg og fganw laxBu dh ,d egoiw.kZ
vk/kkjfkyk gks ldrh gS&tc dHkh esa laokn djrk rc izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa ;gh lansg mHkjrk fd Hkyk usiky ls gekjk D;k
ysuk&nsuk\ HkwVku dh gh rjg og Hkh fdlh fonskh] taxyh ccZj yksxksa dh ,d lk/kkj.k fonskh fj;klr gSA dbZ ckj rdZ nsdj mu lansgksa
dk lek/kku djuk iM+rkA
;q} dky esa lekpkj lqurs&lqurs vkSj bl rjg fofHkUu jktuhfrijd fopkj vkBksa igj dkuksa ls Vdjkrs&Vdjkrs vaneku fLFkr gtkjksa
dk fopkj&{ks= vkSj jkVh; Hkkouk dh mRdVrk vR;f/kd fodflr rFkk foLr`r gksrh xbZA vaneku esa tks laxBu rFkk izpkj dk;Z dh
gekjh bPNk Fkh] bl ;q} ?kVuk us mlesa bl rjg egoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fd;k vkSj ml volj dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ge lHkh gsrqiwoZd lrr
iz;Rukhy jgsA
iqu% dke esa tqVk;k

le;≤ ij vk jgs ;q}&lekpkjksa dk T;ksa&dk&R;ksa o.kZu djus dh gekjh ifjikVh ls eqlyekuksa dk ikjk blfy, p<+rk fd ge rqdksZ
ds fo:} lekpkj nsrs gSaA mlh rjg ckjh Hkh blfy, qnz gksrs fd ge vaxszth dh vksj ls Mhaxs ugha ekjrsA rRdkyhu Ik;Zos{kd Hkh
ladqfpr jkVh;rk ls Hkjs gq, ,d lTtu FksA mUgsa Hkh esjh d`fr esa [kyRo dh xa/k vkus yxh vkSj os eq>ij k=qor~ dM+h utj j[kus
yxsA mlesa Hkh vaneku dks ;q} dk izFke vk?kkr igqapkdj dksbZ ;g lekpkj ys vk;k fd lkxj esa dksbZ teZu ;q} ukSdk pDdj dkV
jgh gSA bl ladV esa iksVZ Cysvj dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, fczfVk lSfudksa dk ny eaxok;k x;k gS] ftlds fy, VkV vkfn lkexzh
rS;kj djus ds fy, dkjkxkj esa cafn;ksa ij dke djus dh l[rh kq: gks xbZA rc vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ge ij izdV :i esa vodìk gks xbZ]
D;ksafd ml lsuk ds fy, VkV cukus dh gM+cM+h esa lHkh cafn;ksa dks fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k x;kA ml dke dh ek=k yxHkx
ikap&ikap] Ng&Ng xquk c<+kbZ xbZA tgka nks ikSaM fNydk dwVdj fn;k tkrk] ogka vc /kM+Yys ls nl ikSaM fNydk dVokuk vkjaHk gks
x;kA ekj&ihV gksus yxhA ge vktUe dkjkokl ds canh bus&fxus gh ksk jg x, Fks] D;kasfd ihNs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
308
crk;k x;k gS fd gM+rky ds dkj.k jktcafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k FkkA muesa fdlh izdkj dk fojks/k u gks] ckjh us mUgha ds
vknfe;ksa dks ml dke ij yxk;k rFkk og c<+k gqvk Je cafn;ksa ls djokus ds dke ij ns[kjs[k djus ds fy, fu;qfDr dk lEeku ns
fn;kA ;g Hkh LiV Fkk fd bl izdkj ds dke esa lgk;rk nsus ls vkxs pydj esgur ds dke ls NwV feyrh gS vkSj okWMZj dk in izkIr
gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA vr% jktcafn;ksa dks ^vki dqN er djuk] dsoy bu cnekkksa ls dke djokuk*&bl rjg eku nsdj ckjh us
mudh cyk nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj lgt gh og cgqr lQy jgkA ijarq nqHkkZX;ok kh?kz gh geus ik;k fd gekjh fuxjkuhokys
d{k esa izfr O;fDr nks ;k rhu ikSaM ls vf/kd fNydk dwVk tkuk vlaHko gSA canh nks&Vwd mkj nsrs&^HkbZ] yM+kbZ bu yksxksa dh gSA ge
D;ksa fnu Hkj ejsa\ fu;e ds vuqlkj nks ikSaM dke ys yksA nks fnu dh NwV ekaxus ij nh ugha tkrh vkSj vc ;q} fNM+ x;k gS] lks
nl&nl xquk vf/kd dke djksA ge fcYdqy dke ugha djrs] tkvksA cl mruk gh djsaxs ftruk gels cu iM+sxkA* muds bl izfrokn
ij Hkyk ge D;k dgsa\ Lo;a ge Hkh mudh bl mfpr ckr dks mfpr gh le>rs FksA cafn;ksa dks vVwV fookl Fkk fd ftl d{k esa ge
gksaxs ml d{k esa raMsy teknkjksa dk lglk ekj&ihV ij mrjus dk lkgl ugha gksxkA vr% viuk dke iwjk djds] ftruk vf/kd cu
iM+s mruk dke djds os bRehuku ls cSB x,A la/;k le; rd gekjs d{k dk dke lcls de gqvk] ijarq fucZa/k ds vuqlkj vf/kd gh
gqvkA rc ckjh xtZu&rtZu ds lkFk cjlus yxsA raMsy dk iV~Vk Nhuk x;kA eqlyeku raMsy rks gels [kkj [kkrs gh FksA mlus mlh jkr
ckjh ds dke Hkjs&geus cafn;ksa dks Qqlyk;k fd ge mUgsa jktnzksg dh iV~Vh i<+krs gSa] vkfn >wB&ewB dh ckrsa dqjsndj lkjs nkskkjksi.k
gekjs eRFks e<+sA nwljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd Hkh vka[ksa p<+krs gq, ns[kjs[k ds flagklu ls gesa P;qr djrs gq,] jLlh dk lqyHk dke vkS j fuR;
fu;ksftr dke Hkh Nhudj dwVrs ilhus ls rj&crj gks x,A ijarq la/;k le; rd gekjk fNydk dsoy ,d ikSaM gh gks ik;kA ;g
ns[kdj fd ge fufpr ek=k ls vf/kd fNydk ugha dwVrs vFkok vU; canh HkfDrHkko ls xqipqi dwVus esa lgk;rk djrs gSa rks ge mls
Lohdkj ugha djrs] gekjs vU; lkFkh lg;ksxh canh Hkh dksYgw dk cSy cuus ls drjkus yxsA vr% ljsvke cafn;ksa esa mBus&cSBus rFkk
muls fgy&feydj dke djus dh lgwfy;r tks gesa vHkh&vHkh feyh Fkh] mls Hkh jn~n fd;k x;kA gesa iqu% lkr uacj dh bekjr esa can
fd;k x;k rFkk fNyds dk dBksj dke mlh rjg fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kA64
64
fnukad 21 ebZ] 1915
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
309
ftl raMsy us ^ge ljdkj ds fo:} cafn;ksa dks iV~Vh i<+krs gSa* bl izdkj ckjh ds dku Hkjs Fks] mlus vkSj mlh dh rjg vusd
pqx[kksjksa us mlh ljdkj ds fo:} gekjs ikl rFkk lkeus bZoj dh izkFkZuk Hkh dh FkhA ijarq mUgsa fookl Fkk fd ge dHkh Hkh muds
fo:} pqxy[kksjh ugha djsaxs] vr% os eq> ij fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk eupkgs ykaNu Fkksidj viuh ikapksa vaxfq y;ka ?kh esa j[krsA
ihNs kqf}dj.k vkanksyu esa tSlk dgk gS] blh le; cafn;ksa esa gekjh c<+rh gqbZ izfrBk fxjkus vkSj gesa ekufld ;kruk,a nsus ds fy,
fuEu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds mdlkus ij dqN eqlfye okWMZjksa dks gesa vyhy] chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrs gq, ?kaVksa gekjs lkeus [kM+s jgus vFkok iwjs
dkjkxkj esa eqDr :i ls ?kweus dh NwV nh xbZA bl rjg dk dqN&u&dqN >esyk gekjs ihNs yxk;k tkrk jgkA
ijarq bl nkSjku ,d ds ihNs ,d ,slh ?kVuk,a ?kVrh xbZ] tks bl Dysk ,oa fookrk esa Hkh viuk dk;Z djus ds fy, gesa izksRlkfgr
djrh FkhA
,EMsu dk vkxeu
ftl ?kVuk ls iksVZ Cysvj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku gels gVk vkSj rsth ls mudh lkjh kfDr viuh vksj vkdfkZr djus ls gesa rfud
foJke fey x;k] og Fkh vanekuh lkxj esa ^,EMsu* dk vkxeuA65 ;g mM+rk lekpkj Qsyus vkSj izR;{k ljdkjh dk;zokgh gksus ls iwoZ
gh cafn;ksa esa mFky&iqFky gksus yxhA brus esa enzkl ij ce okkZ gksus dk lekpkj vk;kA ljdkj us mls xqIr j[kus dk iz;kl rks fd;k]
ij geskk dh rjg og xqIr jgk ugha] myVs ued&fepZ ds lkFk iwjs mifuosk esa QSy x;kA bl mifuosk ds iwjs bfrgkl esa tSlk igys
dHkh ugha gqvk Fkk] vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ,slk gM+dai vkSj lSfud rS;kjh dh cM+h /kka/kyh ep xbZA dkjkx`g ds lehi gh ck:n&xksys dk HkaMkj
vkSj kL=kxkj cuk;k x;kA dkjkxkj ds bnZfxnZ [kand [kksndj dkjkx`g esa vaxszth lksYtjksa dk igjk cSBk;k x;kA dydkk ls Rofjr xksjh
iyVu eaxokbZ xbZA vaxzst vf/kdkjh jkr Hkj leqnz ij igjk nsdj lksus yxsA FkksMs+ gh fnuksa esa ;q}&ukSdkvksa dh vkoktkgh gksus yxhA
dHkh sap j.kukSdk rks dHkh :lh fo/oafldk MsMukWV iksVZ Cysvj esa :ddj ,d nks&fnu igjk nsdj pyk tkrkA buesa ls :lh vkSj
vU; j.kukSdkvksa ds ukSdk/;{k dHkh&dHkh gesa ns[kus dkjkx`g esa vkrsA :lh ukSdk dk ,d vf/kdkjh gels yach ppkZ djds x;k FkkA
mlus dgk fd ;wjksi esa yksxksa dks bl ckr dk foLej.k ugha gqvk gS fd ge vaneku esa can gSaA ;g lqudj vkSj og vkoktkgh ns[kdj
gesa lqdwu feys fcuk ugha jgkA
65
Uoacj] 1914
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
310
bu ljdkjh xfrfof/k;ksa ls ;g LiV gks jgk Fkk fd ;qjksih; egk;q} ds j.k{ks= esa vaneku dk lw= izR;{k :i esa dgha&u&dgha my> x;k
gSA vfHkuo Hkkjrh; rFkk vU; Hkkjrh; kafrdkjh jkVh; iz;Ruksa dh iwoZihfBdk ls ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd ;q} izkjaHk gksrs gh vaneku
dk {ks=fcanq ml egk;q} dh foLr`r d{kkarxZr izk;% ,d j.k{ks= fcanq gksxkA ckjh ds lkFk vU; ;wjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa us lSfudksa dh
xfrfof/k;ksa ds fufpr lqjkx dk irk u yxus nsus dk yk[k iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi gesa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd ,Emsu vaneku ij Nkik ekjus
ds fy, pDdj dkV jgk gSA vkxs ml teZu j.kukSdk 66 ds ,d&nks ckj vaneku ij Nkik ekjus ds fy, vk tkus dh vQokg mM+h
vkSj mlls cafn;ksa rFkk ljdkj esa cM+h gM+cM+h lh ep xbZA ge tkurs Fks fd bl teZu ukSdk dk vaneku ds pkjksa vksj eaMjkus dk
lkglh dk;Z dsoy ;g ugha gS fd og canjxkg bruk egoiw.kZ Fkk] vfirq mldk ,d izeq[k mn~ns; ;gka ds ge fganqLFkkuh cafn;ksa dks
eqDr djkuk Fkk] vfirq mldk ,d izeq[k mn~ns; ;gka ds ge fganqLFkkuh cafn;ksa dks eqDr djkuk FkkA ogka ds lk/kkj.k canh Hkh vkkk dh
vR;qPp ygjksa ij th Hkjdj fogkj djus yxsA ^FkksM+s fnu jg x,* tSlk okD; [kRe gks x;k vkSj mldh txg vc ftl&frl ds eqag esa
^pys HkS;k] vkt ;k dy* ;g okD; xwatus yxkA dksbZ gkaQrs gq, vkrk vkSj dgrk fd teZuh dh j.kukSdk vk xbZA ns[kks] ns[kks] lHkh
lkc yksx viuh&viuh dksfB;ka NksM+dj nwjchusa yxkdj m/kj Hkkx jgs gSaA vkSj okdbZ lkc yksx Hkkxrs FksA ,Emsu dk vkSj dqy teZu
ukS lsuk navylk/kuksa dk izrki lqudj ml eqV~Bh Hkj vaxszth ny ds eu esa ,d&nks ckj rks lpeqp gh Hkkjh fpark mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA
mudh ;g vkkadk fd lkjs canh le; ij iyVs fcuk ugha jgsaxs& loZFkk vuqfpr ugha FkhA mlesa Hkh muds ikl ;q} lkexzh vR;Yi FkhA
og rks i`Foh dk <syk Fkk tks leqnz esa fxj iM+k FkkA eqV~Bh Hkj vaxszt&os Hkh lSfudh O;ogkj ds vuH;LrA ;fn dksbZ izcy teZu
fo/oald vFkok j.kukSdk vkrh rks mudh D;k xr curh&ij ,d lkezkT; dh iwoZ ijaijk esa <ys gq, vaxsztksa us og lkjk Hk; ihdj
MVdj lkeuk djus dk fup; fd;k FkkA blesa vkp;Z dh dksbZ ckr ugha Fkh fd ,d ckj rks teZu ukSdk vkus ij muds choh&cPps
rd gM+cM+k x, FksA vkp;Z ;g Fkk fd mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa rFkk fonskh ,oa k=qor~ fcxM+s gq, cafn;ksa dh Nkfr;kas ij lokj ;s yksx
vaneku ij oSlk gh jkt djrs gq, vaneku dks pkj okZ laHkkys jgsA ukfj;y dk ,d isM+ fdlh dks m[kkM+us ugha fn;k vkSj cafn;ksa ds
fu/kkZfjr nks ikSaM ds fNyds vFkok rhu ikSaM jLlh esa ,d jkh dh Hkh NwV ugha nhA mUgkasus ml dk;Z dks] mu fucZa/kksa dks] ml kklup
dks T;ksa&dk&R;ksa pyk;k FkkA
66
;g j.kukSdk ohj lkojdj ds lkFkh paid je.k fiYyS ds foksk iz;kl ls vaneku esa vkbZ FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
311
vaxzstksa dh n`<+rk] gekjk Hkksykiu

vkp;Z bl ckr dk gS fd vaxsztksa dk ;g kwj LoHkko vkSj gBh tkrh; n`<+rk fganqLFkkuh yksx ftl rjg iskokbZ ds var esa ugha igpku
lds] mlh rjg vkt Hkh os mls igpkuus esa vleFkZ gh jgsA ;q} ds bu fnuksa esa canh ckj&ckj xi mM+krs] ^vkt yanu fxjk] ;g lksyg
vkus lR;* vFkok teZu fo/lafldk lksyg vkus vkt jkr vaneku ij vke.k Djsxh&ijarq fdlus dgk\ ckojph us! vjs] dfeuj
lkgc ds okojph us! mlus viuh vka[kksa ls dfeuj lkg dks fyQkQk i<+rs gh dfeuj lkgc /ke ls uhsps cSB x,A mUgksaus flj ls
Vksih mrkjdj [kVkd ls est ij iVd nhA* vFkok ^ckjh lkgc dh vka[kksa esa ikuh Hkj vk;k* vFkok felh ckck ?kqVuksa esa flj fNikdj
cSB xbZ*A ftrus eqag] mruh ckrsaA
tc&tc canh bl izdkj ds lekpkj ykrs vkSj mudh lR;rk ds fy, mi;qZDr izek.k nsrs rc&rc eq>s i=&O;ogkj dk Lej.k gks x;kA
mlesa ;koar jko gksYdj us vaxzstksa dks ijkHkwr djus dk ,d lekpkj xkjfij ij fu;qDr okkkZdkj }kjk ejkBksa dks lwfpr djus dk
mYys[k gS vkSj mlesa Hkh ml lekpk ds vk/kkj Lo:i ;gh fy[kk gS fd ^jsflMsaV lkc us i= i<+rs gh vius flj dh Vksih mrkjdj [kV
ls /kjrh ij iVd nhA* mlh vk/kkj vkSj mlh vuqeku tSlh ew[kZrk Ms<+ lkS okZ vkt Hkh fganqLFkkuh dj jgs gSa vkSj fQj Hkh muds
flj ij vaxsztksa dh Vksih T;ksa&dh&R;ksa fLFkj gSA
lR; gh Ms<+ lkS okksZa esa vaxst
z ksa ds jktdrZÒ; dh n`<r
+ k] yxu vkSj lSfudh /kS;Z esa ftl rjg dksbZ [kkl varj ugha vk;k] mlh rjg
muds mu xq.kksa dk ij[kdj foi{k ls yM+us dh ;ksX;rk dSls izkIr djuh gS] ;g u le> ldusokys gekjs ixyk, Hkksysiu esa Hkh dksbZ
varj ugha vk;kA Ms<+ lkS okksZa esa vaxzstksa dks dqN vf/kd foLej.k ugha gqvk] u gh ge dqN vf/kd lh[k ik,A Vksih iVdus ds leku
mn~xkjksa ls eSa vaneku esa ckj&ckj ;gh lksprk vkSj Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa ls dgrk] ^D;k og dksbZ fganw gS tks ek= ,d fyQkQs ls viuh Vksih
iVds\ og rks vaxszt gS vaxszt! gtkjksa esa dksbZ ,dk/k gh Mjiksd gksxkA ksk lkjs tgka Hkh gSa] ogka la?kkZ djsaxsA ns[kks] rqEgkjs gtkjksa cafn;ksa
esa ikap&nl ksj gh bl rjg fuHkhZd gSa&tSls HksM+&cdfj;ksa esa jgrs gSaA Vksih iVd nh! vjs] xjeh yx jgh gksxh mUgsaA [ksyus ls Fkddj
felh ckck dks >idh vkbZ gksxh] vr% mlus vius ?kqVuksa ls flj fNik;k gksxkA ;g dSls dg ldrs gks fd mUgksaus j.kukSdk ds Mj ls
,slk fd;k\
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
312
foi{k dh mfpr dYiuk gks

foi{kh dk lkeuk djuk gks rks mlds nkskksa ds lkFk] cfYd nkskksa ls Hkh vf/kd muds xq.kksa ls ifjfpr gksdj mUgsa vPNh rjg ls
tkapuk&ij[kuk pkfg, vkSj blh dkj.kok vaneku tkus ls igys eSa vius fga nqLFkkuh cka/koksa dks fczfVkksa dh kfDr fok;d ;FkkrF;
dYiuk nsus dk iz;kl djrk jgk FkkA foi{k dh [kks[kyh Mhax gkaddj vius i{k dk rstksHkax djuk ftruk ?kkrd gksrk gS] mruk gh
?kkrd gS foi{k dks Bhdjk le>dj Loi{k dks FkksFkh vkkk ds xM~<s esa <dsyukA mu fnuksa eq>s ;g ns[kdj cM+k nq%[k gksrk Fkk fd gekjs
fganqLFkkuh lkeU; tulewg dk izkphudkyhu og vQheckt fiudh&Hkksykiu vkt Hkh T;ksa&dk&R;ksa fLFkj gSA eSa muds ml Hkksysiu dk
vkrs&tkrs rhoz migkl djrkA teZu j.kukSdk dk vaneku ds pDdj dkVus dk lekpkj dks bZ O;fDr] fokskr% eqlyeku canh Hkkxk&Hkkxk
vkdj cktkj esa nsrk] ^ml ikl ds taxy esa dy teZu j.kukSdk yx xbZ vkSj mldk lsukuh pkj rqdksaZ ds lkFk ml igkM+h ls Vksg
ysdj pyk x;kA vth] pkSdhnkj us viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kkA dSls nini ned jgs Fks os rqdZ&Nkrh ij pkj pkan pepek jgs FksA pkSdhnkj
dks izrhr gqvk&pkj flrkjs txj&exj dj jgs gSaA rqdksaZ dh ml pkSdM+h us ml teZu dks dqN le>k;kA teZu lsukuh us fouezrkiwoZd
iz.kke dj ^th gqtwj* dgk vkSj fQj os pkjksa ns[krs&ns[krs vn`; gks x,A* bl rjg dh vQokg mM+us dh nsjh gksrh fd iwjs iksVZ Cysvj
esa mlds ,d ls c<+dj ,d jaxhu lqugjs laLdj.k fudyrsA mi;qZDr vQokgsa blh rjg mBrhA Hkys gh ge mUgsa yk[k fod`r D;ksa u
le>sa] mu cafn;ksa dks os vR;ar fooluh; izrhr gksrh] ftudh vjsfc;u ukbV~l dh] vfyQ ySyk dh dgkfu;kas ds lqYrku vkSj [kyhQk
laca/kh frfyLeh /kkj.kk,a cuh FkhaA izFker% fganw&eqlyeku nksuksa gekjs ikl mu lekpkjksa ds lR;klR; ds fok; esa iwNus ds fy, vk tkrsA
D;ksafd eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks Hkh blij iwjk fookl Fkk fd pkgs dqN Hkh gks] vaxzst vFkok teZuksa ds vokLrfod cM+Iiu ds xq.k u xkrs
gq, tks lR; gks] ogha lekpkj ;fn dgha feyrk gS rks og dsoy cM+s ckcw ds gh ikl feysxkA vr% muds vkrs gh ge mudk ;g
Hkksykiu nwj djus ds fy, migkliwoZd vFkok le>k&cq>kdj fd fdl rjg ;s nardFkk,a feF;k gSa] >wBh gSa& mUgsa lqukrsA ge vuqHko Hkh
mlh rjg ls djus yxsA vr% blds Ikpkr~ bl rjg ds vlR; rFkk vfuk;ksfDriw.kZ lekpkj dksbZ Hkh ugha Qsykrk vkSj u gh dksbZ
muij fookl djrkA tSls&tSls jktuhfrd fLFkfr dk Kku c<+rk x;k oSl&s oSls bu vn~Hkqr dFkkvksa dk dky vLraxr gksus yxkA
cafn;ksa dk bu feF;k dFkkvksa ls lEeksfgr gksdj ^pyks HkkbZ] vkt pys] dy pys* dguk ew[kZrkiw.k Fkk] rFkkfi bl rjg ds Hkwdaiksa ls
dbZ jktikV tgka myV&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
313
iqyV tkrs ogka ekuuk Hkh ew[kZrkiw.kZ gh Fkk fd fganqLFkku dks ,slk dksbZ vk?kkr ugha igaqp ldrk tks mlds HkkX; dks gh myV&iq yV dj
MkysA mlesa Hkh kafrdkfj;ksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh FkksM+h&cgqr tkudkjh rks fey gh jgh FkhA vr% vaneku ds vkl&ikl izcy teZu
j.kukSdkvksa dk eaMjkuk vkSj mlls gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus vaxzstksa dk Hkh vaneku ds cpko ds fy, lSfud rs;kjh djuk vkjaHk gqv kA
rc bu lkjs ekeyksa dk fopkj u dj ^dqN ugha gksxk* dgrs gq, jksrs&lM+rs jgus dk iaxqiu gesa ew[kZrkiw.kZ rFkk fudEekiu gh yxkA gesa
;g laHkouh; izrhr gksus yxk fd Hkkjrh; jkT; kafrdkfj;ksa dh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj teZu j.kukSdk,a vaneku ij vke.k djrs gq,
gekjh eqfDr dk iz;kl djsaxhA ,d&nks ckj ;g ?kVuk yxHkx gks Hkh pqdh Fkh] D;ksafd teZuh dh bu HkVdrh gqbZ j.ukSdkvksa us ,d ckj
vaneku dks yxHkx vlgk; voLFkk esa ?ksj fy;k FkkA dydkk ls lgk;rk ds lkFk lk/kkj.k ty;ku vkrs gh mls jkLrs esa idM+dj og
eksVh jde gM+i yhA vaneku esa ,d&nks ckj vUu dh deh Hkh rhozrk ls vuqHko gqbZ] D;kasfd jaxwu] dydkk vFkok enzkl ls tgktksa
dkvkuk&tkuk nks eghuksa ls loZFkk can gks x;k FkkA ;g dguk vklku ugha Fkk fd bl rjg pkjksa vksj ls f?kjk vaneku dc k=q ds
gkFkksa f?kj tk,xkA ;fn ,slk le; vk Hkh tk, rks D;k gksxk\
;g volj vkus ls igys gh fd bl viwoZ ?kVuk ds le; fdl izdkj O;ogkj fd;k tk,] ;g lkspuk QwgM+iu dh ifjlhek gksrhA ml
lqugjs volj dks O;FkZ [kks nsus dk ikrd ml QwgM+iu ij vk tkrkA blh fopkj ls ;fn bl rjg vpkud dksbZ vn~Hkqr izy; gks
tk,] tEkZu j.kukSdk vaneku ij vke.k djds ml ij viuk vf/kdkj tek, vkSj ogka ds lkjs cafn;ksa dks eqDr dj nsA
fujis{k lqK ;kstuk cukvks

teZu ;q}iksr dh ;g ;kstuk Hkkjrh; kafrdkfj;ksa dh ;kstuk dh lgk;rk ls gh py jgh gS] ;g gesa LiV fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA gekjh
iz.kkyh ds jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls fooluh; usrkvksa dks geus ;g foLrkjiwoZd le>k;k fd ,slk izlax vkrs gh gekj
drZO; D;k gksxk vkSj bldh ,d lqlaxr ;kstuk Hkh cukbZA fQj mls pqfuank ykssxksa dks LiV crk fn;kA ml ;kstukuq:i cafn;ksa ds
eu&xBu dk dk;Z mifuosk esa tkjh FkkA mUgsa dgk tk jgk Fkk&Hkksysiu esa ;g er le>ksa fd vaxsztksa dk izkklu myV tk,xkA ijarq
;g Hkh ;kn jgs fd de&ls&de vaneku rd rks vpkud Nkikekjh ds lkFk vaxsztksa ls mls Nhu ysuk vkSj dqN le; rd viuk dsanz
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
314
cukdj vkl&ikl jkT;kafr dh fpuxkfj;ka fc[ksjuk teZu j.kukSdkvksa ds fy, laHko gks ldrk gSA vr% blds ckjs esa lkspdj fd ,sls
izlax esa ge D;k dj ldrs gSa] vkSj vkjaHk ls gh fdl rjg laxfBr :I esa vkRej{kk vkSj LodrZO; dj ldrs gSa] bldh ;kstuk rS;kj
dhft,A og Hkh vkkke; Hkksysiu ls ugha vfirq vka[ksa [kqyh j[kdj] fujis{k] lqK lqy>h gqbZ cqf} lsA bl rjg crkdj&le>kdj ge
leLr cafn;ksa dks lpsr djus ds iz;kl esa yxs jgsA
vc jkSyV fjiksVZ vkSj vU; izfl} o`kkarksa ls ;g fl} gks gh x;k gS fd teZu ;kstuk vkSj Hkkjrh; kafrdkfj;ksa dh ge lHkh dks
vaneku ls eqDr djus ds iz;kl dh gekjh /kkj.kk dkQh gn rd lk/kkj FkhA izFke okZ esa rks mudh ;kstuk,a lQy gksuk drbZ
vlaHkouh; ugha FkkA ,d&nks ckj rks og lQy gks Hkh jgh FkhA ;g Hkh mu o`kkrksa rFkk ;qjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds blds Ikpkr~ Lo;a
dfFkr o`kkar ls LiV gSA
ihNs dgk x;k gS fd ^,Emsu* dks idM+us ds ckn bl ;kstuk dk fufpr Kku gksus ds ckn fdl izdkj jktcafn;ksa ds dkjkxkj ds pkjksa
vksj fdlh yM+kdw fdys ln`k rS;kjh dh xbZ FkhA mlesa Hkh ,d nskHkDr us ckjh lkgc dks xi lqukbZ fd lkojdj dks vpkud dkjkxkj
ls mBkus ds fy, teZuh dh vksj ls ,d gokbZ tgkt Hkh vkus dh ckrphr py jgh gSA rc ls ml gokbZ tgkt ds dkYifud vorj.k
dks jksdus ds fy, gh ekuks dkjkx`g ds xksjs lSfudksa ds igjs ds lkFk gfFk;kjcan flikfg;ksa dk ny dkjkxkj ds chpkschp fLFkr ,d aps
xaqcn ij fnu Hkj dM+k igjk nsus ds fy, rSukr fd;k x;kA ;q} lekfIr ds eghuksa rd Hkh ;g O;oLFkk mlh rjg tkjh FkhA gekjh
xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk cksypky ij teZu j.kukSdk ds vke.k ds ckn ls vR;ar dM+ h fuxjkuh j[kh xbZ Fkh] mlls O;olk;h pqxy[kksj gekjs
fo:} eupkgh lR;klR; vQokgsa mM+kdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh izlUurk izkIr djus esa O;Lr gks x,A
mlesa Hkh mifuosk esa tc xksjs lSfudks dh iyVu mrj xbZ rc rks D;k dgus gSaA ml :[ks vkSj futZu }hi esa xksjs lSfudksa ds fy,
euksjaukFkZ dqN vU; lk/ku miyC/k ugha Fks] vr% muds fy, gekjs laca/k esa gekjs kkafrdkjh d`R;ksa ds fok; esa th Hkjdj xIisa gkaduk
gh le; fcrkus dk ,d euksjatu ksk FkkA dydkk ds ^fMpj* dh ^dSfiVy* if=dk esa izdkfkr ys[k fo[;kr gh gS] ftlesa fcuk iz;kl
;g mtkxj fd;k x;k Fkk fd muds eaMyksa] Vksfy;ksa] vkSj bruk gh ugha] gekjs laca/k esa vkSj ml teZu j.kiksr ds fok; esa vkSj
dSlh&dSlh eux<+ar dkYifud vn~Hkqr nardFkk,a izfpfyr FkhA vkSj vkxs pydj mldk mYys[k Hkh fdafpr~ vk gh tk,xkA67
67
;g lanHkZ vkxs izdj.k&12 ^dSfiVy* if=dk ij vfHk;ksx uke ls vk;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
315
foo dks vaneku dk ifjp;

ge jktcafn;ksa dks laHkkyuk bruk ljy ugha FkkA gesa thfor txr~ ls oafpr dj e`rizk; le>dj lc foLe`r dj nsa&blfy, ge
jktcafn;ksa dks vaneku ds dkysikuh esa can djds lHkh vkoLr gks x, fd vc bu cnekkksa dh ekku esa nQuk,a koksa ls vf/kd fpark
djus dh dksbZ vko;drk ugha gSA ijarq vaneku ds dkj.k txr~ us gesa foLe`r ugha fd;k] vfirq gekjs dkj.k lkjs foo dks vaneku
dk irk py x;k vkSj dkjkx`g dks yM+kdw fdyk cukdj rFkk ml O;kikjh canjxkg dks fo/oaf ldkvksa ,oa j.ukSdkvksa dh rksiksa ls gekjh
j{kk djuh iM+hA bu ?kVukvksa dks ns[kdj ge vius iwoZdkyhu lg;ksfx;ksa ds izfr d`rK gSa] ftUgksaus thfor :i esa ej.kkasijkar Hkh gesa
Lej.k j[kk vkSj blls ml dkjkxkj esa ml vR;ar Hk;adj fLFkfr esa ,d rjg ls gesa izksRlkgu vkSj lgkjk tSlk feykA
bl ;FkkFkZ dk bl ,sfrgkfld o`k esa mYys[k u djrs gq, fNikdj j[kus dk iz;kl djuk O;FkZ gSA mu fnuksa ;g dguk vlaHko Fkk fd
dc] fdldh pqxyh ls geij jktdksi dk dSlk vk?kkr gksxk] rFkkfi ml fpark esa Hkh jktcafn;ksa dks ;g ns[kdj fd fganqLFkku ds
jktuhfrd izu dks egk;q} esa bruk varjkZVh; ego izkIr gks x;k gS] FkksMk+ &cgqr larksk vo; izkIr gqvkA gekjh jktuhfrd
egodka{kk,a Hkh D;k bl lkalkfjd Hkwpky esa lQy gksaxh] e:Hkwfe D;k Qy&Qwyksa ls ifjiw.kZ m|ku esa ifjofrZr gksxh vFkok Qyksa&Qwyksa
ls ygygkrs m|kuksa dks tykdj ohjku] e:Hkwfe cukus esa gh bl izpaM lkefjd Hkwpky dk var gksxkA
blh fpark] blh vkkk vkSj blh Hk; ds da/kksa ij vk:<+ jgrs os jktcanh vaneku dh canhkkyk dh va/ksjh dksBfj;ksa ds fujkk orZ eku
dh nhokj ds ml ikj Hkfo; ds mtkys ds nkZu ds fy, mRdafBr gks x, FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
316
izdj.k&4
vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dk jsyk

teZu ukSdkvksa dh vaneku ij Nkikekjh ds fy, bl rjg dh gkFkkikbZ ds pyrs ,d fnu ,d ys[kd lg;ksxh us lekpkj&i= dk ,d
VqdM+k gesa fn;kA ckn esa bekjr ds fdlh dksus esa tkdj eSa mls [kksydj i<+us yxk rks khkZd esa fy[kk gqvk Fkk ^Mutiny at Meerut.*
ebZ ds nkSjku esjB fLFkr lsuk fuosk esa fonzksg68 ds kM~;a= dk Hksn [kqy x;kA dbZ yksx idM+s x,A vkxs pydj db;ksa dks Qkalh ij
p<+k;k x;kA lSfud fonzksg dk og rkj i<+rs gh dystk FkjkZ mBkA
lu~ 1857 esa blh esjB esa] blh ebZ ds nkSjku lSfud fonzksg dk Jhx.ksk gqvk FkkA og kafr ds ,d nskO;kih kM~;a= dh fpaxkjh FkhA
vkt dh esjB dh ;g ?kVuk Hkh D;k lpeqp gh foLr`r nskO;kih kafr ds kM~;a= dh le; iwoZ mM+h gqbZ fpaxkjh gSA
;fn u gksrh rks ljdkj mls izdkfkr djus tSlk ego ugha nsrhA u Hkh lgh] rks Hkh bu nl okksZa esa fdruk varj vk x;k gSA
vlarksk] vkosnu] vH;FkZuk] fuks/k] kM~;a=] vk?kkr&izR;k?kkr] fiLrkSy] vL=&kL= eqBHksM+ vkSj vc lSfud&fonzksg dh vQokg] xkM+h
dgka&ls&dgka igaqp xbZA
lu~ 1857 ds kafr;q} ds ckn ls fonzksg tSlk kCn bl nsk ds dksk esa lglk ugha txexk;k FkkA ;g dYiuk gh ksk ugha jgh FkhA
egk;q} dh vkx ls vkt og iqu% HkM+d mBhA nsk dk lkgl rkieku ds bl vak rd igqap x;kA
ml fnu vkSj ml lIrkg esa ij of.kZr dPph :ijs[kk jktcanh vkSj muds laidZ ls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esas Hkh ;g ppkZ lrr tkjh FkhA
68
fo.kq x.ksk fiaxys dk ebZ 1915 dk fonzksg
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
317
brus esa ykgkSj rFkk iatkc ds kM~;a= vkSj kafrdkjh fonzksg69 dk lekpkj vk x;kA ns[krs&ns[krs os flikgh] ftUgsa ;q} ij tkus ds fy,
bUdkj djus ds dkj.k naM fn;k x;k Fkk] vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ iyVu ds dbZ vkSj tRFks ml dkjkxkj esas vk x,A nsk esa tks [kycyh
eph Fkh] mlds izR;{k izek.k feyus yxsA
fiNyh gM+rky lu~ 1914 ds vkjaHk esa lekIr gqbZ FkhA rc ge dqN vktUe dkjkoklh jktcafn;ksa dks vaneku esa j[kdj ksk gqM+nax esa
ml O;oLFkk dk dkSu ikyu djrkA ;|fi fiNys canh u Hkh Hksts x,] rFkkfi egk;q} dky esa Lonsk esa tks kafr dh ygj meM+uk
pkgrh Fkh] mldh pisV esa vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa dks caxky] la;qDr izkar rFkk iatkc ls idM+dj iqu% vaneku esa Bwaluk kq: gks x;kA
blls fofHkUu LFkkuksa ds jktuhfrd lekpkj vkSj ;q} dh cgqr lkjh fooluh; tkudkjh gesa izkIr gksrh jghA
ftl le; teZu j.kukSdkvksa us vaneku ds lkxj esa ,d&nks O;kikjh tgktksa dks idM+dj vkSj dqN tgktksa dks jksddj ml lkxj dk
vojks/k fd;k Fkk] rc ls dbZ fnuksa rd fganqLFkku ls cafn;ksa dks Hkstuk can dj fn;k x;k FkkA mu teZu j.kiksrksa dk tkikuh] :lh rFkk
vaxszt j.kukSdkvksa }kjk foukk dj nsus ij tc og leqnz fudaVd gks x;k] rc dgha iqu% og ^pkyku* kq: gks ik;kA
vkSj ,d nfu ykgkSj ds kafrdkfj;ksa dh igyh Vksyh vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj esa vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxrus ds fy, vk xbZA muesa
izk;% lHkh ^xnj* vfHk;ksxkarxZr FksA mUgsa ns[krs gh mudh og nq%[kn voLFkk iy Hkj ds fy, foLe`r gks xbZ vkSj gekjs eq[k ls
vifjgk;Z mn~xkj QwV iM+s& ^;g ns[kka] vkf[kj vk gh x,A ogh gqvk tks dgk FkkA*
ftl le; ge kafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usr`Ro dj jgs Fks] ml le; ,d fnu ,d flk lg;ksxh fd lkFk ppkZ fNM+ xbZ Fkh fd fl[kksa esa
jkVh; tkx`fr fdl rjg mRiUu djsa\ baXySaM esa vusd iatkch ;qod FksA mu lHkh dks ge crkrs fd lSfud Hkjrh dk dsanz gksus ds dkj.k
iatkc dh gj >qXxh&>ksiM+h esa jkVh; tkxj.kkFkZ dkSu&dkSu ls fofHkUu mik;ksa rFkk ;qfDr;ksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g ;kstuk
LiV djrs le; geus ;g Hkh dgk fd fganqvksa ds ,d izeq[k Hkkx ds :i esa fl[k iaFk esa tkx`fr ykuk fdruk egoiw.kZ gSA rc mu
lTtu us rfud Hkkx ds :i esa fl[k iaFk esa tkx`fr ykuk fdruk egoiw.kZ gSA rc mu lTtu us rfud fujkk Loj esa dgk Fkk]
^^fl[kksa dks dweeaMwd o`fk ds /kkfeZd jksx ls eqDr djds muesa vf[ky Hkkjrh;
69
ykgkSj kM~;a= ds izFke vfHk;ksx esa 61] nwljs esa 74 vkSj rhljs esa 12 vfHk;qDr FksA muesa ls 28 tuksa dks Qkalh gqbZA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
318
eeRo mRiUu djuk rFkk muds /kkfeZd mRlkg dks jkVh; eksM+ nsuk orZeku esa rks vR;f/kd dfBu gSA** rc geus dgk] ^^fe=] rqe Hkh
rks fl[k gh gks u\ fQj rqEgkjs tSls mPp dqyhu ;qod dks] ftldk tUe ljdkj ds izfr uje :[k j[kusokys ,d ifjokj esa gksus ds
ckn Hkh rqEgsa mPp fk{kk izkIr gks xbZ] fQj R;kx Hkkouk vkSj jkVh; /keZ dh nh{kk ;fn bruh vYikof/k esa nsuk laHko gks x;k rks og
vU; fl[kksa dks D;ksa ugha nh tk ldrh\ eSaus fl[k bfrgkl dk ckjhdh ls v/;;u fd;k gSA ;g ;kstuk tks eSa crk jgk gwa] mls lkeus
j[kdj ;fn rqe yksx iz;kl djksxs] Lonsk esa ;k fonsk esa] tgka dgha Hkh fl[k ls lkeuk gksxk] ogka ;Ru djksxs] rks rqe ns[kks xs fd ikap
okksZa ds vanj&vanj gekjs fl[k ohj rqEgkjs da/ks&ls&da/kk feykrs g, yM+saxsA** ;g ckr lu~ 1908&9 dh gSA
ml ckr dk tc gesa ml le; dkjkxkj esa Lej.k gqvk rks eSaus vius ,d lkFkh ls dgk] ns[kks fl[k vk, gSa ;k ughaA vc vius os
usikyh ca/kq ksk jgsA os ohj xqj[kk fganw laxBu ds fkfoj esa vk tk,a rks leLr fganw ,d gks tk,aA
gekjs ml dky ds er&erkarjkuq:i bu Hkko&Hkkoukvksa dk gekjs eu esa ckj&ckj mn; gksrk FkkA fl[kksa dh bl igyh Vksyh ds
ihNs&ihNs iatkc ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls kafrdkjh iz;klksa esa naM izkIr vusd jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka vkus yxhA jaxwu] flaxkiq j] cljk vkfn
LFkkuksa ij ;q} ds fy, tkuk vLohdkj djus ds vijk/k esa vFkok fonzksg djds jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa ds i{k esa feyus ds fy, izR;{k fd,
gq, lkL= fonzksg esa lSdM+ksa flikgh Hkh cM+s&cM+s naM izkIr djds vaneku esa i/kkjsA muds vkxeu ls ml mifuoskh; turk esa jktuhfrd
er&erkarjksa dk QSyko tksj&kksj ds lkFk gksus yxkA ,sls yxHkx lkS&Ms<+ lkS jktcaanh] ftuesa ls dqN yksxksa us flaxkiqj esa fonzksg fd;k]
ogka ls L;ke] jaxwu tkdj ogka fonzksg ds fy, QkSt esa kM~;a= jpsA dkjkxkj esa ,df=r gks x, FksA bu lc nafMrksa dh tkudkjh muds
vn~Hkqr lkgl] muds kM~;=ksa dh ;kstuk vkfn dk mYys[k rks nwj jgk] bl LFky ij muds uke rd nsuk laHko ughaA vxys laLdj.k esa
;fn gks lds rks og iz;kl gksxkA70
bu jktcafn;ksa esa ,sls ,d gh Fks ftuls esjk izR;{k iwoZ ifjp; Fkk&os Fks izks - ijekuanA muls lacaf/kr vkSj vU; yksxksa ls lacaf/kr
;FkklaHko tkudkjh ge igys ls cafn;ksa dks crkrs jgs FksA mu lkjs cafn;ksa ds vkrs gh muds eq[k ls mudk /;s;] R;kx] mu vn~Hkqr
pfj=ksa dh] ftUgkasus Qkalh ij vFkok lkL= eqBHksM+ esa izk.k&R;kx fd;k] muds kM~;a=ksa dh ;kstukvksa dh] ftUgksaus izR;{k ;q} ns[kk] muls
kal vkfn j.kLFkyksa
70
;s uke vc ljdkj us izdkfkr dj fn, gSaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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ds ;q}ksa dh tkudkjh vaneku ds canh mRlqdrk ls lqursA bl dkj.k ml mifuosk ds jktuhfrd thou esa cgqr gh varj vk x;k FkkA
iwoZ ds mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks dqN bl rjg izfkf{kr djus dk gekjk iz;kl py jgk Fkk] ftlls os bl tx~r ds mPp okrkoj.k esa gks
jgh xfrfof/k;ksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, l{ke cusaA bl iz;kl dks bu krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ls egoiw.kZ lg;ksx izkIr gqvkA
;|fi muesa esjs izR;{k ifjfpr rks izks- ijekuan gh Fks] rFkkfi muesa ls cgqrksa dks esjh tkudkjh FkhA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls izk;% lHkh
us esjs ys[kksa vkSj iqLrdkas dk v/;;u fd;k gqvk FkkA muds eu esa esjs fy, iwT; Hkkouk Fkh] vr% Hkhrj ix j[krs gh LokHkkfod :i
ls os eq>ls feyus dks mRdafBr FksA vf/kdkfj;ksa us izFke eq> muls nwj j[kus dk vR;f/kd iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi var esa dsoy bruh
la[;k esa dkjkxkj esa vk, mu dSfn;ksa dks laHkkyuk vlaHko gksus ls ge yksxksa dh ijLij vkoktkgh [kqysvke izkjaHk gks xbZA mUgkasus eq>s
crk;k fd vesfjdk dh ^xnj* if=dk esa esjs lu~ 1857 ds kafr;q} dk fganh] mnwZ vkSj fdafpr ia tkch esa vuqokn izdkfkr gksrk FkkA
muesa ls xnj i{k ds ,d mPp fkf{kr izeq[k usrk us] ftlus ykgkSj vfHk;ksx esa e`R;qnaM feyus dh vkkadk jgrs gq, Hkh U;k;y; es a
viuk cpko djus ls LiV :i esa ;g dgrs g, bUdkj fd;k Fkk fd kafrdkjh iz;kl rks eSaus fd, gh Fks] fQj cpko fdl ckr dk]
vkSj var rd og vius fup; ij vfMx jgs Fks] eq>s crk;k fd êSa ,d jfl;k] euekSth O;fDr FkkA jktuhfr esa dHkh Hkkx ugha
fy;kA ijarq ,d ckj ,d Lusgh ds vuqjks/k ij vkidh ^lkkou dk kafr;q} vaxzsth iqLrd i<+uk vkjaHk fd;kA iwjk fnu vkSj iwjh jkr
eSa og iqLrd i<+rk jgk FkkA fQj tc lekIr dj mls nwj j[kk rc ls esjk iqjkuk thou gh nwj pyk x;kA eSaus jkV eqfDr dh kiFk
yh vkSj ;gka rd vk x;kA* geus galh&galh esa ^;gka rd* kCn ij O;aX; djrs gq, dgk] ^^rks fQj ;wa dfg,] og iqLrd D;k gqbZ&
vaneku dk fVdV gh gks xbZA**
,d o`} fl[k jktcanh us] ftlus igys lsuk esa ukSdjh dh Fkh vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ LodVksa ls fonsk esa vftZr fd;k /ku ^xnj* if=dk esa
izdkfkr kafrdkjh ys[k i<+rs gh ml dk;kZFkZ xqIr :i esa nku fn;k Fkk] crk;k&phu esa dHkh&dHkh ogka ds izxfrkhy yksx fganqLFkku dh
ppkZ djrs gq, iwNrs fd ^vkids lkojdj dgka gSa\ vktdy fdl dkjkxkj esa gSa\* bl ij mUgsa tc ;s fl[k&dksYgw pykuk vkfn&dBksj
Je ds ckjs esa crkrs rcos vkdqfyr eu ls rhoz [ksn iznfkZr djrsA tc ge foyk;r esa Fks] rc MkW - lu;kr ds usr`Rookys phu ds
kafrdkjh dsanz esa vkSj lekpkj&i=ksa esa fganqLFkku dh tkudkjh izdkfkr djus dk iz;kl djrs FksA muesa ls dqN phuh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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yksxksa dks rks gekjk Lej.k lu~ 1915&16 rd FkkA ;g ns[kdj gesa LiV yxus yxk fd foyk;r esa jgrs gq, fd, x, os iz;kl vdkjFk
ugha x,A
ml rsy us vlarksk dh vkx HkM+dkbZ

ml fl[k jktcanh dh dksYgw dh ckr ls ^gesa dksYgw pykuk iM+k* ;g lekpkj vesfjdk esa izFke dSls izdkfkr gqvk] og ckr Lej.k gks
vkbZA gekjs bu fl[k cafn;ksa esa ls dqN kwj vkSj /;s;sfuB fl[kksa dks drZO;ksUeq[k djus ds fy, og ckr mRdVrk ls dkj.khHkwr gks xbZ
FkhA os dgrs&^kafr i{k us vkidk ,d fp= Nkik Fkk] ftlesa vkidks dksYgw esa tksrk fn[kk;k x;k FkkA vesfjdk esa mls cspusokys yM+dksa
ds ikl tc geus og fp= ns[kk rc vR;f/kd nq%[k ls gekjh vka[ksa Hkj vkbZ vkSj geus lkspk] ^gk;! ,sls egku~ iq:k vius jkV dh
vktknh ds fy, bruh ;a=.kk,a] vR;kpkj lgrs gSa vkSj ge efnjk ds I;kyksa esa Mwcdj xqyNjsZ mM+k jgs gSa rFkk /ku cVksjus esa yxs gSa&
;g fdruh yTtkLin ckr gSA* bl izdkj rhoz Ikpkkki ls muds eu esa ;g mRdV dkeuk mRiUu gksrh fd ge Hkh jkV dk;kZFkZ dqN
djsaA var esa fonsk esa dek, gq, lgksa :Ik;ksa dh laink dks Bksdj ekjdj os fonskh fl[k mu nskizseh fl[kksa ds lkFk] tks fganqLFkku dks
Lora= djkus ds fy, viuh tku gFksyh ij fy;s vesfjdk ls fganqLFkku vk jgs Fks&py iM+sA
bl rjg os gekjs laca/k esa vius vuqHkoksa dh vusd dFkk,a dgrs] ftuesa ls nks&,d laLej.k ij fn;s x, gSaA vafre Le`fr ij gesas
foksk vkp;Z gksrk gS] D;kasfd tc ml dkysikuh esa ,dkar dkydksBjh esa ge rc rd dksYgw ?kqekrs jgrs tc rd flj ugha pdjkrk]
rc vusd fopkjksa esa gesa ,d ;g fopkj Hkh =Lr djrk Fkk fd ^;s Dysk Hkh lg ysrs] ;fn budh [kcj Lonsk igqapdj ogka dh vkx
dks vf/kd HkM+dkus ds fy, rsy cudj fxjrh A ijarq ;g lekpkj] bl va/ksjh dksBjh ds ;s Dysk] Hkyk nsk dSls ns[ksxk\ ;g lekpkj
dSls Kkr gksxk\* ihNs fn;k gh gS fd bu fopkjksa dk foosd ds lgkjs geus fdl rjg keu fd;kA ijarq ;g Le`fr fp= esjs fl[k fe=ksa
}kjk fn[kkrs gh] vFkkZr~ tks eSaus lkspk Fkk fd yks] ,slh ;kruk,a Hkh lguh gSa] ftudh fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj rd ugha gksxh] mu
fuQy fn[kkbZ nsusokyh ;krukvksa dk lguk Hkh izk;% ;krukvksa dks lQy cukus ds dk;Ze esa ,d vifjgk;Z vax gksrk gSA vr% fdlh
dks Hkh mudk irk u gksus ls foksk fpark ugha gksuh pkfg, FkhA ijarq nsf[k,&la;ksxok mu ;krukvksa dk lekpkj Lonsk igqapk vkSj
mldk izR;{k ykHk Hkh gqvkA bl dksYgw ls fxjusokyh rsy dh cwans ml ckYVh esa ugha Vidrh Fkh] vfirq nsk&nskkarj esa izTofyr vlarksk
ds /k/kdrs vfXudqaM esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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tkdj Vid jgh FkhA ;g bldk izR;{k izek.k gSA bu fl[kksa esa ls gh ,d us dgk] mlds ikl esjh iqLrd dh lkkou dk Lokra;
lej& tks tCr gks xbZ Fkh& ,d izfr Fkh] tks mlus vius czkthy fLFkr ,d fe= dks Hksth FkhA og iqLrd ml Hkkjrh; ;qod dks cgqr
fiz; gks pqdh Fkh] ij ml izfr dks fe= ds gkFkksa tkrs&tkrs ,d ;qod us 150 :i, esa [kjhnkA
bl izdkj ds vusd O;fDrxr lekpkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls usrkvksa rFkk vuq;kf;;ksa ls] ftUgksaus mu foksk deZ{ks= esa izR;{k Hkkx fy;k
Fkk] L;ke] dukMk] flaxkiqj] cznsk] vesfjdk] ;wjksi] caxky] iatkc fLFkr fonzksg rd dh lkL= eqBHksMk+ sa vkSj fonsk fLFkr fganqLFkkuh
jktuhfrd fLFkfr dk izk;% laiw.kZ loZFkk xqIr rFkk loZFkk izdk; bfrgkl dkQh dqN Kkr gks x;kA ml le; ml laiw.kZ vkanksyu ds
lqlaxr lw= esa fijksdj lu~ 1909 ds vkjaHk ls ysdj egk;q} lekfIr rd ds dky[kaM ds Hkkjrh; kafrdkjh jRuksa dk ,d ladfyr
bfrgkl fy[kus dh gesa ckj&ckj bPNk gksus yxhA ijarq dkjkxkj esa ;g fy[kuk vlaHko FkkA vkxs dHkh ml bfrgkl dks fy[kus rd
Lora=rk vkSj gekjh eqfDr dk volj fy[kuk vlaHko FkkA vkxs dHkh ml bfrgkl dks fy[kus rd Lora=rk vkSj gekjh eqfDr dk
volj izkIr gksxk] rc ge xaHkhj ijarq fouez fouksn ds lkFk dgrs] ^^fe=ksa] bfrgkl fuekZ.k djuk gekjh ih<+h dk izeq[k dk;Z gS vkSj
bfrgkl fy[kuk xkS.kA dnkfpr~ og dke Hkkoh ih<+h djsxhA**
iatkc fLFkr ykgkSj ds ^xnj* vfHk;ksx dh igyh Vksyh dk vkxeu gksrs gh vf/kdkfj;ksa us dkjkxkj esa mudh dM+h O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus
ds fy, l[rh cjrhA rFkkfi fiNys vuqHko ls lpsr gksdj muesa ls LkHkh dks ,d lkFk dksYgw dk de u nsrs gq, dqN gV~Vs& dV~Vs rFkk
Jethoh nafMrksa dks ;g dke fn;k x;kA ijarq iwoZorhZ lHkh fe=ksa us muls vuqjks/k fd;k fd papqizosk gksus nksxs rks kh?kz gh vkiesa ls
izR;sd dks dksYgw esa tksrdj rsy fudyok fy;k tk,xk] vr% igys ls gh dksYgw dk dke er djksA mlds vuqlkj mUgksau s LiV kCnksa esa
lwfpr fd;k fd os dksYgw dk dke ugha djsaxsA ge tkurs Fks fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bldk foLej.k ugha gqvk gS fd blls iwoZ eqV~Bh Hkj
jktcafn;ksa ls bl dksYgw ds dkj.k gM+rky] tksjktksjh rFkk fojks/k gqvk FkkA vr% os bu pkyhl&ipkl jktcafn;ksa dh iatkch Vksfy;ksa ls
O;FkZ fo}sk ;k oSj dh Hkkouk ugha j[ksaxsA blds vuqlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa us dgk] lIrkg Hkj ftruk gks lds rsy fudkyks] vkxs ge fdlh
dks Hkh dksYgw ugha nsaxsA geus vuqjks/k djds fd ;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djsa] ;g ekeyk jQk&nQk dj fn;k vkSj dksY gw ds fy, fiNys
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
322
jktcafn;ksa us tks vkanksyu NsM+s Fks] mudk ykHk bu u, jktcafn;ksa dks feyk vkSj mudk dksYgw ls ihNk NwV x;kA
ijarq fNydk dwVus ij vpkud ,d >xM+k [kM+k gks x;kA ;g LiV fn[kkbZ nsus ds ckotqn fd ml Vksyh ds vusd rst ;qod igys fnu
gh dkjkx`g ds vuqkklu dks >qddj eku ysaxs ;g vlaHko Fkk] dqN m}r iBku vkfn raMsyksa us] tks ckjh ds vf/kdkj esa dke djrs Fks ]
dke ukidj ysrs&nsrs mu cafn;ksa dk bl rjg vieku fd;k tSls os lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk djrs Fksa mu LokfHkekuh] rst&rjkZj] rstLoh
jktcafn;ksa us ml le; mldk izfrdkj djus esa dksbZ deh ugha j[khA bldk izfrokn canhiky rd igaqpkA mu jktcafn;ksa esa >kalh dh
vksj dk ,d fuHkhZd vkSj cs/kM+d ijekuan uke dk ;qod Fkk] mls canhiky us iwNrkN ds fy, dk;kZy; esa cqyk;kA
ijekuan us ckjh dks ekjk

;g ;qod ijekuan izks- ijekuan ls vyx Fkk] fdraq vkxs pydj dkjkx`g ds ml ûkyank fogkj* esa Hkjiqj v/;olk;iw.kZ v/;;u djds
tks lR; gh Lukrd rFkk v/;kid gks x,] muesa ml le; ds bl ;qok ijekuan dh Hkh x.kuk FkhA mlus Hkh fo}kk] R;kx vkfn xq.kksa
ls ml dkjkokl esa gh bruh ;ksX;rk izkIr dj yh] tks fdlh izk/;kid ls de ugha FkhA
ckjh dh tUetkr vknr FkksMs+ gh NwVrh\ mlus ijekuan dks] tks laHkkk.k ds nkSjku lgt Hkko ls [kM+k Fk] gkFk NksMd
+ j ^Bhd* [kM+s gksus
dk vknsk fn;kA fQj Hkh ^tSls Fkk* oSls gh [kM+k ns[kdj ckjh us mls nks vyhy xkfy;ka cdhA bl rjg dh xkfy;ka ckjh ds fy, ubZ
ckr ugha FkhA ijarq og rstLoh ;qod budk vknh ugha FkkA ckjh ds eqag ls ,slh&oSlh xkfy;ka fudyrs gh og [kV ls igjsnkjksa ds gkFk
ls f[kldk vkSj mlus dpgjh esa gh ckjh ds eqag ij rM+kd ls pkaVk ekjkA mls ksj dh rjg VwVrk gqvk ns[kdj ckjh tSls gh fpYykdj
mBus yxk rks mldk gkFk mldh Vksih ij iM+k vkSj og uhps fxj xbZ] dqlhZ yq<+d xbZ vkSj îdM+ks&ekjks* fpYykrs gq, ckjh dpgjh ls
ckgj fudykA vFkkZr~ yksxksa us ijekuan dks idM+dj mlds eqag ij] ihB ij eqDdksa rFkk MaMksa dh ckSNkj dhA mlds gksaB QV x, fd
ckjh dks ce&xksysokys us ekjk] Ik;Zos{kd us vkrs gh ijekuan dks dksM+s dk naM lquk;k rFkk mls frdVh ls cka/kdj chl ;k rhl casr ekjs
x,A izR;sd dksM+s ds lkFk [kwu Nydus yxkA mldk vax&vax ygwyqgku gks x;k vkSj dksM+ksa ds lVklV okjksa ls ekal dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
323
cksVh&cksVh mM+us yxhA ijarq mlds eqag ls ^mQ* rd ugha fudyhA csar dh igyh pksV ds lkFk cM+s&cMs+ cnekk Hkh dkjkxkj esa phRdkj
djrs gSa] ijarq ;g ;qod pqi FkkA ckjh ngkM+k] ^^dldj ekjksA** dksMs+ dldj ekjs x,A ijarq ijekuan us ^pwa* rd ugha dhA
dksM+ cjlkus ds Ikpkr~ mls ejge&iV~Vh djkus :X.kky; esa u Hkstrs gq, iqu% dksBjh esa gh can dj fn;k x;kA vaneku eas jktcafn;ksa
ij csar cjlkus dh ;g igyh gh ?kVuk FkhA
ckjh ij xkfy;ka nsus dh ikcanh

bl /kqukbZ dk tSls ijekuan dks dksbZ nq%[k ugha Fkk] oSls gh jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ugha Fkk] D;ksafd ijekuan us igys gh ckjh ij vke.k
djds mls ihVk FkkA ckjh dh vizfrBk gqbZ] ijekuan ds rst LoHkko ds dkj.k iwjs mifuosk esa jktcanh;ksa dk ncnck c<+k& bl ykHk ds
vkxs csar [kkus dk ewY; pqdkuk mls vf/kd egaxk ugha yxrkA gekjs vkneh us canhiky dks ekjk] rks rqeus mls casr ekjs] yks ge mls
foLe`r dj nsrs gSaA ijarq ckjh ds xkfy;ka cdus ds fuks/kkFkZ jktcafn;ksa esa ls db;ksa us gM+rky dj nhA Ik;Zos{kd vkSj ckjh lHkh dks
le>krs gq, ?kweus yxsA I;Zos{kd us LiV dgk fd ^ckjh dks eSaus fdlh jktcanh dks xkyh&xykSt u djus ds l[r vknsk fn, gSaA iqu%
,slk ugha gksxkA rqe yksx dke djuk vkjaHk djksA tks gksxk vkSj ftruk gks] cl mruk gh djks] ij dke djksA* bl vkoklu ds ckn
ftUgksaus gM+rky dh Fkh] mUgksaus iqu% dke vkjaHk fd;kA
bl igyh gh Vksyh ds izfrdkj ds dkj.k ckn esa fl[k vkSj tks vU; Vksfy;ka vkbZ] mUgsa vf/kd dV ds dke ugha djus iM+sA rFkkfi
ckjh dHkh&dHkh NksVs&eksVs jktcanh ij tksjktksjh djrs gq, dke dh ek=k c<+kus dk iz;kl djrkA dHkh ^;s jktcanh rhu ikSaM jLlk rqjar
iwjk djrs gSa] vr% pkj&ikap ikSaM djuk pkfg,*&,sls vknsk nsrkA dHkh /khjs ls fdlh dks dksYgw ij Hkstus dh ckr djrkA ijarq jktcanh
dke dh ek=k c<+krs gh mldk izfrokn dj dke djus ls lkQ bUdkj djrs vkSj ckjh ds viuk vafre vL= ^dksM+s ek:axk* dh ckr
djrs gh lHkh iwjk dke NksM+ nsus dh /kedh nsrsA jktcafn;ksa ds tq>k: i{k us var rd ckjh dh nky ugha xyus nhA bl fuR; dh
p[kp[k ls jktcafn;ksa esa ls dksbZ&u&dksbZ fuR; eukbZ ij gksrkA jktcafn;ksa us ckjh dk vf/kd dke rks nwj] Ik;kZIr dke Hkh dHkh iwjk
ugha fd;kA
dkjkx`g ds }kj ij fuR; fy[kuk iM+rk fd ^dqy cafn;ksa esa ls fdrus dke djrs gSa vkSj fdrus ugha djrsA* jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ds
ckn ,slk dHkh ugha gqvk fd dke u djusokyksa dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
324
la[;k kwU; gqbZ gksA bl izdkj dksbZ&u&dksbZ izfrdkj djrk jgk] blhfy, ckjh ;k vU; vf/kdkjh vf/kdkf/kd nckspus dk volj ;k
lkgl ugha dj ldsA
>xM+s gh tM+ lkojdj

fiNys izdj.k esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd ;q} izkjaHk gksrs gh dkjkxkj esa ge ij vf/kdkfj;ksa d fdruk l[rk igjk FkkA mleas Hkh tc ;s
lSdM+ksa jktcanh dkjkxkj esa vk x, rc muds eu esas esjs izfr vknj] fookl ,oa iwT; Hkko ns[kdj ckjh ;FkklaHko eq>s muls nwj j[kus
ds fy, ,M+h&pksVh ,d djus yxkA ijarq ;g vlaHko gksus ls vius ikyrw fiV~Bvksa ls ,sls gFkdaMs pykdj Hkh fd ftlls esjs izfr muds
eu esa vfookl mRiUu gks] og lrr iz;kl dj jgk Fkka var rd og iz;kl mldh bPNk ds vuqlkj lQy ugha gks ldk] blls og
ty&Hkqu Hkh jgk FkkA jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.kk cafn;ksa ls og dgrk] ^bl lkojdj ds cgdkos esa er vkuk] ;g O;FkZ gh vf/kdkfj;ksa dk
dksiHkktu cuk,xkA ;g dkepksj gS] xq:daVky gSA rqe ogh djks tks eSa dgwaA eSa rqEgkjk dY;k.k djkaxk vFkok ;fn eq>ij fookl u
gks rks og ns[kks&veqd O;fDr oSlk gh jktcanh gS tSls rqeA ijarq fdruk fkV] fouez gSA blhfy, ns[kks] geus mUgsa vf/kdkj&in Hkh
fn,A ugha rks ns[kks og lkojdj a a a avHkh rd iM+k gS] dksBjh esa fNYdk dwVrk gqvkA* b/kj og jktcafn;ksa ls bl rjg dgrk] m/kj
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lrr gekjs teZuh dh Mhaxas gkadrk gSA vaxsztksa dh gkj ds lekpkj nsrk gS] kM~;a= djokrk gSA ljsvke usr`Ro djus esa
naM ds Hk; ls Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrkA blds fy, fl[kksa esa ogh iwT; Hkkouk gS tSls igys Fkh] ;g ns[kdj og mUgsa HkM+dkus dk iz;kl
djsxkA pkgs yk[k >xM+s gksa ;k eSaus Hkh djok, gksa] rFkkfi jktcafn;ksa ij bldk tks izHkko gS] og de gksrk gh ughaA egk lkglh gS
;gA* eq>s blh rjg ,d u lq/kjus okys >x>kyw ds :i esa vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ckj&ckj ifjfpr djkus esa ckjh dk ,d vkSj mn~ns; iwjk gks
jgk FkkA og ;g fd dkjkx`g esa dqN Hkh xM+c<+ gksus ls viuk mkjnkf;Ro >Vdrs gq, mldk Bhdjk esjs flj ij QksM+uk ckjh ds fy,
lgt FkkA ^ns[kks] ml lkojdj dk mdlkok!* ;gh ckjh geskk dgrkA
ckjh vius vkidks ftruk yqPpk] /kwrZ rFkk mLrkn le>rk] ,d rjg ls og mruk gh ew[kZ FkkA ;g ns[kdj fd jktcafn;ksa dks Bxus ds
fy, og mUgha mik;ksa dk lgkjk ysrk] ftuls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Bxk djrk] eq>s galh vk tkrhA ,d ckj mlds eu esa ;g fopkj
vk;k fd mlus lkojdj ds fo:} tks&tks dgk gS] mlesa ls FkksMk+ lk vak Hkh mls fn[kk;k tk, rks vo; mld gksk mM+ tk,axs vkSj
fQj og
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
325
jktcafn;ksa ds laxBu dk usr`Ro NksM+ nsxkA bl rjg dqN lksprs gq, egkk; us gesa dpgjh esa cqyk;kA ogka izFker% rks mlus gekjh
cqf}] fo}rk] lkoZtfud dk;Z esa fuHkhZdrkiwoZd dk;Zjr gksuk vkfn xq.kksa dh izkalk ds iqy cka/ ks ;gh ckjh jktcafn;ksa ls dgrk] lkojdj
ijys ntsZ dk dkepksj gSA vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ gekjs dku mesBuk vkjaHk fd;k fd ge vius xq.kksa dk fdl rjg nqO;Z; djrs gq, vius
ikaoksa ij Lo;a dqYgkM+h ekj jgs gSaA ^;fn vki ;g ns[ksaxs fd esjs eu esa lgkuqHkwfr gksrs gq, Hkh eq>s vkids fo:} fdrus Hk;adj
izfrosnu fjiksVZ fy[kus iM+rs gSa&laHko gS vki lpsr gksaxAs * bl gsrw ;g djuk vf/kdkjh ds ukrs ;|fi ,dne fufk} gS] rFkkfi blfy,
fd esjs eu esa vkids izfr ln~Hkkouk gS] eSa dqN izfrosnu vkidks fn[kkrk gwaA* ;g dgrs gq, egkk; us viuh nSfudh diary fudkyh
vkSj mlesa ls FkksM+k&FkksM+k vak i<+k fd mlus le;≤ ij gekjs fo:} D;k&D;k fy[kk FkkA muesa ls ,sls dqN okD; tks gesa Lej.k
gSa] geus ij fn;s gSaA esjs }kjk fganqLFkku ljdkj dks Hksts gq, izR;sd vkosnu vthZ ds fok; esa ckjh viuh nSfudh esa fy[krk&^;g
ek= ,d xi gSA lkojdj ,slk O;fDr ugha tks fdlh Hkh lqfo/kk vFkok /kkSal ls nc tk,A og ,slk izk.kh gS tks dHkh ugha lq/kjsxkA* ;g
mYYks[k Hkh mlus eq>s fn[kk;k vkSj eq>s psrkouh nh fd eSa vkt dh bl ?kVuk dk mYys[k fdlh ls u d:aA
jkVfgr esa v&fojks/kh opu dk ikyu

;gha ge ;g Hkh crk nsrs gSa fd ckjh us gekjs fo:} vFkok gels lgkuqHkwfr dk tks Hkh ^Hksn* ckj&ckj crk;k vkSj geus fookl ds
lkFk lquk] mlds ckjs esa geus dHkh Hkh fdlh dks dqN crk;k ughaA ;fn jkVh; fgr ds fo:} u gks rks fn, gq, fookl ,oa opu dk
geus vkf[kjh ne rd ikyu fd;kA vc ckjh lkgc dk LoxZokl gq, dbZ cjl chr pqds gSa] vr% mu vusd laoknksa esa ls ;gka ij
mrus gh crk,axs] ftUgsa jkVh; fgrkFkZ bl dFkk esa crkuk vko;d gSA
vaneku ds bl o`kkar esa gesa brus le; rd ckjh lkgc ds LoHkko dh dBksjrk dk ckj&ckj mYys[k djuk iM+k] ijarq ckjh lkgc ds
LoHkko dk nwljk igyw Hkh Fkk] ftldk mYys[k dgha&u&dgha djuk gekjk drZO; gSA fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks lhek ls vf/kd nkskh Bgjkuk
ge vU;k; ekurs gSaA blesa jkh Hkj Hkh lansg ugha fd ckjh dBksj Fks] ijarq bl rFkk dks Hkh Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd ,d canhiky ds
ukrs bl dBksjrk dks /kkj.k djuk izk;% vko;d Hkh FkkA fganqLFkku ds vijkf/k;ksa dks] tks vR;ar funZ;h] nqV] ikih vkSj ,d iSl s ds
fy, Hkh galrs&galrs nwljs ds izk.k ysus ij mrk: gksrs gSa] ,sls Hk;adj leqnk; dks vuqkklu esa j[kus tSlk dfBu dk;Z mudks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
326
lkSaik x;k FkkA iwjs fganqLFkku ds mn~naMksa esa Hkh tYykn vijkf/kd;ksa esa ls <hB cnekkksa dks vukkflr j[kus ds fy, fdlh dks Hkh ftruh
dBksjrk cjruh iM+rh] mruh dBksjrk mUgksaus cjrhA ij ;g mudk vijk/k ugha Fkk] ge ckj&ckj ;gh nksgjkrs gSaA ijarq blh rjg ds
yksxksa esa iwjk thou fcrkus ls mUgsa vPNs vkSj cqjs dh igpku ugha FkhA ;g mudk nksk FkkA lp esa] mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd os iksVZ Cysvj
ds ijesoj gSaA tks nkl dh rjg gka th& gka th djs og vPNk] vU; cqjsA euq; dks ij[kus dh mudh cl ;gh O;k[;k Fkh] ;gh
mudk nksk FkkA funZ;rk mudk euksjt
a u FkkA vui<+ gksus ds dkj.k] cqf} fodkl ds vHkkook Kku] foKku] dyk vkfn xq.kksa rFkk
:fp;ksa dk muesa vR;Yi gh fodkl gks ik;k FkkA vr% vU; euksjatuksa ls os oafpr FksA canhx`g ds >esy s] ipM+s ;gh muds ml ,dkar
mifuosk esa laiw.kZ thou rFkk euksjatu cu pqds FksA rFkkfi canhx`g ls ckgj vius ifjokj] bV fe=ksa vkfn ds lkFk os brus fueZ e ugha
FksA bruk gh ugha] ;fn dksbZ mUgsa mdlkdj p<+krk rks p<+ Hkh tkrsA ijarq mUgsa bl ckr dk vglkl gksus ds dkj.k fd os fo}ku ugha]
yksx mUgsa fo}ku le>sa] mUgksaus djhc ikap&Ng vaxszth dfork,a daBLFk dj yh Fkh] ftUgsa rfud iqpdkjus ij os fdlh dfo tSls Blds
ds lkFk lqukrsA dHkh&dHkh muij ;g lud Hkh lokj gks tkrh fd mudh fo}rk dk flDdk lHkh ij tesA rc ,d gh lkal esa
jVk&jVk;k lcdqN mxy nsrsA dsoy dkjkokl dk fojks/k NksM+dj os gekjs izfr lpeqp gh vknjHkko j[krs FksA
vaneku esa fdlh&u&fdlh dkj.kok vk, gq, O;kikjh] laiknd vFkok lSfud oxZ ds ;qjksih; yksx gesa ns[kus vo; vk tkrsA ckjh
ns[krs fd ;q} ds fnuksa esa j.kukSdk ls vk, gq, ;wjksfi;u ukSdk&vf/kdkjh Hkh gekjh iwNrkN djrs gq, gels leku vf/kdkj ds ukrs
laokn djus pys vkrs gSaA vFkkZr~ muds eu esa gekjs izfr vknj mRiUu gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA muds ifjokj ds yksxksa esa mudh iRuh bZoj
ij cgqr J}k j[krh Fkh vkSj mudh l=g&vBkjg okhZ; bdykSrh dU;k jaxwu ls eSfVd ikl djds ogha v/;kfidk cu xbZ FkhA ckjh dh
funZ;rk ij ckj&ckj vadqk j[kus esa bu nks efgykvksa dk vR;f/kd ;ksxnku FkkA canh dgrs] ckjh dh vR;f/kd dBksjrk ns[kdj mldh
vkfLrd iRuh mls ckj&ckj jksdrh FkhA os nksuksa Hkh gels O;fDrxr lgkuqHkwfr j[krh FkhA dqekjh ckjh c piu ls ysdj firk dh e`R;q
rd tc&dHkh Nqf;kas esa jaxwu ls vaneku vkrhA rc vDlj gh gels feyus dkjkxkj esa pyh vkrh vkSj cM+h lgkuqHkwfr ds lkFk
vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk fofHkUu fok;ksa ij ppkZ djrhA O;fDrxr laca/kok ckjh ds ifjokj ds lkFk vkSj ml le; ckjh ds lkFk Hkh ge mrus
gh iszeiwoZd rFkk fe=rkiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA dHkh&dHkh ckjh viuh dksBh ls gekjs
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
327
fy, dqN Qy Hkh HkstrsA ijarq mlesa mudk var%LFk gsrq ;g jgrk fd de&ls&de blls rks ge mlds izfr d`rK jgsaxsA lkStU;rkiwoZd
ge mldks Lohdkj Hkh djrs] vkSj ;gak d`rKrkiwoZd gh mldk lkoZtfud mYys[k Hkh dj jgs gSaA ijarq blesa ckjh lkgc dks vkl jgrh
fd ge jktcafn;ksa dk i{k NksM+dj vFkok mifuosk ds gtkjksa Lonsk ca/kqvksa ds nq%[k foekspukFkZ vkSj mUufr gsrq vius kqf}] Kku forj.k
vkfn vkanksyu ls ukrk rksMd
+ j dsoy viu gh fgrks&fgr ns[krs gq, gkFk&ij&gkFk /kjs cSBs jgsaA og vkkk tc geus foQy dh vkSj
muds vU;k; dk iqu% iwoZor~ fojks/k djrs jgs] rc mUgsa vius lkStU; ij iNrkok gksrk vkSj os vR;f/kd fuBqjrk dk iznkZu djrsA os
geesa ls ,d&nks O;fDr;ska dks vkWfQl esa cqykrs] tks muds ml O;fDrxr lkStU; dks Lohdkj djrs gq, mudh ejth ds vuqlkj O;ogkj
djrs Fks vkSj ftUgksaus viuh ;g uhfr fufpr dh Fkh fd dsoy vius gh Bhd&Bkd fnu fcrkus dh fpark djuh pkfg,A mlh le; os
gesa Hkh cqykrs] ijarq tku&cq>dj mUgsa dqLkhZ nsdj dqN fy[kus dk dke nsrs vkSj gesa lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh rjg frjLdkj ls nwjh ij okWMZj
ds igjs esa [kM+k j[krsA bl mn~ns; ls fd blls vU; lHkh cafn;ksa esa gekjh vizfrBk gks vkSj gesa iNrkok gks fd ckjh ds lkStU; ds
ok esa gksdj geus lkoZtfud dk;Z D;ksa ugha NksM+kA
nksuksa lansg R;kT;

ijraq ckjh ;g ckr Hkwy tkrs fd muds }kjk gekjh vizfrBk fd, tkus ij cafn;ksa esa gekjh izfrBk vkSj Hkh c<+rh gSA fdacgquk
tc&tc os gekjs izfr vknj O;Dr djus ds fy, gesa dqN migkj Hkstrs vFkok viuh lkStU;rk dk iznkZu djrs] mlh le; gekjs
lkfFk;ksa esa] tks vfrjsdh LoHkko ds Fks] mudk gekjs ckjs esa rfud izfrdwy Hkko gksrkA os ;gh vkifk mBkrs fd ge ckjh }kjk Hksts Qyksa
dks Lohdkj gh D;ksa djrs gSa\ ge bu nksuksa kadkvksa dks R;kT; le>dj mUgsa le>krs fd gekjh ml O;fDr ls D;k k=qrk gS \ og vFkok
mlds ifjokj ds yksx tc LusgiwoZd rFkk vknj ds lkFk O;ogkj djuk pkgrs gSa rks O;fDr fok;d lkStU; dk iznkZu djuk lH;rk dh
n`fV ls gekjk Hkh drZO; gSA muds ml O;ogkj esa ;fn dksbZ fokSyk gsrq gks rks ml gykgy dks rks ge ipk gh jgs gSa rks O;fDr fok;d
lkStU; dk iznkZu djuk lH;rk dh n`fV ls gekjk Hkh drZO; gSA muds ml O;ogkj esa ;fn dksbZ fokSykk gsrq gks rks ml gykgy dks
rks ge ipk gh jgs gSa] ml gsrq dks ge foQy Hkh dj jgs gSaA dHkh ckjh dks ge nks&Vwd dg nsrs] ^vkids vkxzg ds fy, ge vkHkkjh
gSaA ftl fLFkfr esa vki vkSj ge Qal x, gSa] mlesa lkoZtfud dk;Z esa vkidk fojks/k djuk esjs fy, vfuok;Z gSA vr% ml Lora=rk
dks vckf/kr j[krs gq, ;fn eq>s vkidk vkfrF; Lohdkjuk laHko gks] rHkh vki ;g dV djsaA bruk LiV dgus ds ckotwn os vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
328
muds ifjokj ds yksx dHkh&dHkh vuqjks/kiwoZd eq>s cqykrs] eq>ls ckr djrs] esjk lEeku djrsA rc O;fDrxr n`fV ls eSa Hkh&;g x`ghr
djrs gq, fd viuk mn~ns; os cl mlh le; ds fy, O;Dr djrs gSa] mlesa fujis{k vknj gh gS& muls d`rKrkiwoZd vkpj.k djrk
vkSj muds lEeku dks Lohdkj djrkA
okLro esa ckr ;g Fkh fd ckjh LoHkko nqjaxk FkkA muds eu esa vknjHkko FkkA ,slk ugha fd muds n; esa n;k Fkh gh
thou ,sls dBksj O;olk; vkSj yqPps&eDdkjksa ds lkFk vakr% vifjgk;Z yqPpkiu] eDdkjh iznfkZr djus esa O;rhr gksus
mnkj Hkkouk esa Hkh Hkwy&pwd ls dHkh vuqnkj o`fk dh cawn fxjs fcuk ugha jgrhA muds bV fe= rFkk dqVaqch gekjh
i<+rs] gekjk iwoZ pfj= cM+h mRlqdrk ,oa izkalkiwoZd lqurs vkSj lk/kkj.kr;k vknj Hkkouk ls gekjh vksj ns[krsA mudh
mUgsa dqN vaxzsth dfork,a Hkh fy[kdj nh FkhA
ugha( ijarq lkjk

ds dkj.k mudh
vaxszth dfork,a
izkFkZuk ij geus
,d fnolh; fujis{k n;k Hkko

gka] ,d fnu& okZ esa ,d fnu ckjh vius eu esa laiw.kZ fujis{k Hkko /kkj.k djus dk iz;kl djrsA og Fkk flel dk fnuA ml fnu
vk;jySaM ds jkseu dSFkkfyd laiznk; ds ihf<+;ksa ds laLdkj dk iksVZ Cysvj ds ml isVw Hkxoku dks Hkh neu djuk vlaHko gksrsk vkS j
mudh eqnzk kkar] d:.kke; ,oa n;kyq fn[kkbZ nsrhA ml fnu muds dV~Vj fojks/kh jktcanh Hkh frjLdkj ,oa ?k`.kk ls mudh Hk`dqfV;ka
Vs<+h ugha dj ldrs FksA ckjh mUgsa Hkh lEekuiwoZd vius dk;kZy; esa fueaf=r djrs vkSj nl&ckjg :i, [kpZ djrs gq, muds fy,
feBkbZ] nw/k] pk; vkfn eaxokrsA
,sls le; izk;% ge ml ehBs lEeku dks udkjrs gq, mlds cnys esa ,d&nks rkts lekpkj&i= eaxokrsA ckjh gka&uk djrs&djrs mUgsa
Hkstrs] iqu% feBkbZ Hkh vo; HkstrsA ;fn ge m/kj ugha tkrs rks dksBjh esa Hkst nsrsA ml fnu os fdlh Hkh canh ls lglk dBksj
vkpj.k ugha djrsA vfHk;ksx Hkh ;FkklaHko ugha yxkrsA
Ckkjh tSls O;kolkf;d wjdekZ] <hB O;fDr dks Hkh de&ls&de okZ esa ,d fnu bruk lkSE; vkSj ln; ftl :f<+ vFkok minsk us
fd;k] ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd mlds izsfkr bZlk dk minsk vFkok og dSFkksfyd :f<+ laiw.kZ foQy gks xbZA pyks] ge fganwLFkkuh
jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh bZlk elhg ds minsk dk YkkHk feyk&ml fnu esjs eu esa ;gh ,d etsnkj fopkj vk tkrkA
Ckjh ds lkStU; dh rjg mudh LoHkkoxr prqjkbZ Hkh pks[kh ugha FkhA tSls mudk lkStU; fdafpr~ o Fkk oSlh gh mudh prqjkbZ Hkh
fdafpr ew[kZrkiw.kZ gksrh]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
329
D;ksafd ew[kZrk dk ,d y{k.k vkRe&e;kZnk dh igpku u gksuk gSA og mlesa LiV :i esa O;Dr gksrkA blhfy, mldh /kkj.kk Fkh]
lk/kkj.k vfkf{kr canh dks Bxkus esa vFkok >qdkus esa ftl prqjkbZ dk ykHk mUgsa gksrk] mlh dk mi;ksx loZ= gksxkA blh dkj.k bl
isphns ekeys ds rkSj ij mUgksaus ml fnu gesa dk;kZy; esa cqykdj viuh nSfudh lqukbZA mlh dkj.kok lR; gh gesa ;g Kkr gqvk fd
okLro esa ckjh gekjs fo:} D;k fy[krs Fks vkSj vius ofjBksa ds ikl dSls fjiksVZ Hkstrs FksA mlh le; jktcafn;ksa esa ls muds fiV~Bqvksa
ds laca/k esa fd, gq, vuqdwy mYys[k&dsoy gesa [kwa[kkj fl} djus ds fy, D;ksa u gksa& ijarq muds eqag ls fudys fooluh; okD;&;|fi
ckjh mu i`Bksa dks fNikus dk iz;kl dj jgs Fks&rFkkfi vakr% os fn[kkdj] tks og gesa fn[kkuk pkgrs Fks] vFkZiw.kZ eqnzk esa dgk] ^^ns[k yh
u esjh Mk;jh\**
ml ys[ku dk] tks gekjs fo:} Fkk] frjLdkjiw.kZ migkl djrs gq, eSaus dgk&izkphu dky esa jkse ds lhtj dh j[kh gqbZ nSfudh vkSj vc
bl xaokj lhtj dh nSfudhA nSfudh foo Hkj esa ek= nks gh gSaA lpeqp gh gesa nksuksa dks ns[kus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr gks x;kA
rfud fp<+dj ijarq galh&etkd esa
gksxkA ljdkj ds ikl vkids fo:}
jgk gwa vkSj vc bu uokxr iatkch
vk, jktuhfr ds va/kM+ esa iSlksa ds
ugha nsrka**
ckr vkbZ&xbZ djrs gq, ckjh us dgk] ^îjarq bldk rkRi;Z ;fn Lej.k j[ksaxs rks vkidk dY;k.k
izpqj ek=k esa Hk;adj izfro`k lafpr gks x, gSaA vHkh Hkh laHky tkb,A ,d fe= ds ukrs lykg ns
cafn;ksa ds ekeys ls loZFkk nwj jfg,A izk;% os lHkh xaokj] vkokjk] daxys rFkk etnwj gSaA cl pys
ykyp esaA Hkyk fdlfy, Mkds Mkys Fks llqjksa us \ muls ckr djuk Hkh vkidh egkurk dks kksHkk
eSaus kkafriwoZd fdarq fup; ls tks mkj fn;k] mldk rkRi;Z Fkka&^êgkk;] lPpk fkf{kr ogh gS tks yksxksa ds nq%[k ls nzohHkwr gksdj
muds lq[k ds fy, viuh ;krukvksa dks Bhdjk le>rk gSA ;s iatkch] fl[k Hkys gh vaxszth ugha tkurs gksaxs] ijarq vaxszth gh fk{kk ugha
gSA buds leku lqfkf{krksa us lgksa esa nl O;fDr;ksa us Hkh jkV ds fy, bl rjg dk LokFkZ&R;kx] izk.k&R;kx ugha fd;k gksxkA vr% ;s
fuHkhZd vkSj lh/ks&lkns fdlku rFkk Jfed yksx esjs fy, fdlh Hkh rjg ls jktcafn;ksa ls de izfrfBr ugha gSaA vr% eSa buls rks vo;
laca/k j[kwaxkA**
ckjh tc fuank djrs Fks rc mldk fojks/k djuk og drbZ ilan ugha djrs FksA eqagns[kh D;ksa u gks] ml fuank esa gka esa gka feykus ls os
[kqk gks tkrs FksA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh gesa bu iatkch kwj rFkk lPps Locka/koksa dh fuank lquu ikikLin izrhr gqvk vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
330
geesa mudk leFkZu fd, fcuk ugha jgk x;kA blls ckjh dk ikjk p<+ x;kA gesa os iDdk k=q ekuus yxsA ijarq izR;{k fdlh Hkh Hk;adj
vfHk;ksx esa gesa Qalkus dk volj ge mUgsa dHkh ugha nsrs FksA vr% dbZ fnuksa rd os gkFk eyrs jgsA blds Ikpkr~ nks&pkj ckj gesa
fdlh vfHk;ksx esa Qalkus ds fy, mUgksaus dqN cnekkksa dh fu;qfDr dhA
muls cgdkok feyrs gh bu cnekkksa us ge ij ykaNu yxkus dk kM~;a= jpus ds ckj&ckj iz;kl fd,A ,d&nks mnkgj.k gh izLrqr djrs
gSa& ,d ckj ,d bZlkbZ cnekk us gekjh bekjr ds Lukux`g esa ,d Nqjh fNikdj j[k nh vkSj ,d xokgh nsus ds fy, og ,d vU;
fganw cnekk dks] tks blh rjg ds >esyksa esa fuiq.k Fkk] mdlk;k fd gius fdlh vf/kdkjh dh gR;k djus ds fy, og Nqjh eaxokbZ FkhA
lkSHkkX;ok gekjs fganw laxBu ds iz;klksa ls izHkkfor gksdj ml fganw canh dk gekjk uke fiz; gks x;k FkkA mlus mudh gka esa gka feykrs
gq, ;g lekpkj gesa ns fn;kA geus ml kM~;a= dh lwpuk ckjh dks nh vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus mUgsa psrkouh nh fd ;fn bldh tkap
ugha dh xbZ rks lkjk ekeyk ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa rd igqapk;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ egkk; dk tksk BaMk iM+ x;k vkSj fcuk fdlh vkap ds
ge lgh&lyker cp x,A
ckjh Vka;&Vka; fQLl

,d vU; mLrkn eqlyeku cnekk dks dksM+s ls ihVdj mls gekjs fudV yksgs ds fiatM+s esa can fd;k x;k FkkA vius vijk/k dh {kek
feys] blds fy, mlus gekjs lkeus dh yksgs dh nks NM+s] tks bekjr can djus ds fy, yxh Fkh] muesa ls ,d mlh jrk ,d eqlyeku
okWMZj }kjk nh xbZ NksVh vkjh ls dkVdj j[k nhA mlds kM~;a= esa ,d cehZ Hkh kkfey FkkA ;fn ckr cu xbZ rks jkrksjkr ml fiatjs
rFkk bekjr ls NqVdkjk vkSj Qal x, rks lyk[ksa geus dkVh Fkh vkSj ge Hkkx tkus okys Fks] mlh fnu la/;k le; mu lyk[kksa dks eqM +k
gqvk ns[kdj raMsy dk ekFkk Budk vkSj mudh iksy [kqy xbZA rc ml eqlyeku cnekk us dgk fd eSaus mu lyk[kksa dks dkVk gS vkSj
eSa ml jkr Hkkxusokyk FkkA ijarq Nkuchu esa ml ch xokg us pqxyh dhA bl lansg ls ml eqlyeku us mldk uke Hkh crk fn;kA
ijarq idM+s tkus ij ml czh xokg us lPpkbZ mxy nh vkSj ks/k ls ml eqlyeku cnekk dh vlyh ;kstuk dk HkaMkQksM+ fn;k rFkk
ml eqlyeku okWMZj dks Hkh idM+ok;kA vFkkZr~ gekjs ij yxk ykaNu Hkh Vy x;kA bl laca/k esa eSaus Ik;Zos{kd dks Hkh psrkouh nsr s
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
331
gq, LiV kCnksa esa dgk fd bl izdkj ds feF;k ykaNu eq> ij Fkksis tkrs gSa vkSj bldk dkj.k ckjh dkmu cnekkksa dks ;gdgrs gq,
Qqlykuk gS fd ^lkojdj ij dM+h utj j[kksA*
bu ?kVukvksa ls fHkUu ,d vkSj ?kVuk esa gesa Qalkus dk ckjh us th&rksM+ iz;kl fd;k FkkA
iatkch fl[k jktcafn;ksa esa ,d jktcanh prjflag FksA os fl[k ikBkkyk esa v/;kid FksA mUgkasus ikBkkyk ds fujh{k.kkFkZ vk, ,d vaxszt
vf/kdkjh ij kafrdkfj;ksa dh xM+cM+h esa lkL= vke.k dj mldh gR;k djus dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA mls vkthou dkjkokl dk naM gks
x;kA og ks/kh LoHkko dk FkkA dkjkx`g esa fl[k cafn;ksa dks cky /kksus ds fy, lkcqu] rsy vkfn NksVh&eksVh phtsa Hkh u nsuk] dke dh
l[rh] xkyh&xykSt vkfn vusd fnDdrksa dks lgrs&lgrs cdj ,d fnu cafn;ksa dk otu ysrs le; mlus ,d vaxszt Ik;Zos{kd ij /kkok
cksy fn;kA bl gkFkkikbZ esa I;Zos{kd dqlhZ ls rks fxjk] ij mls dqN vf/kd pksV ugha vkbZA vpkud Ik;Zos{kd ij gkFk mBkus dh
ph[k&iqdkj gkssrs gh iaMsy] okWMZj vkfn us prjflga dh /kqukbZ dhA vPnk gqvk] ml Ik;Zos{kd us Lo;a chp esa iM+dj mls NqM+k;kA ijarq
;g lekpkj lqurs gh ckjh us fjiksVZ nh fd eSaus lkojdj us gh prjflag dks mdlk;kA ;g Ik;Zos{kd gels dHkh&dHkh jktuhfrd ppkZ
fd;k djrk Fks] muls eSaus bl ?kVuk ds ,d fnu iwoZ gh ;g izu fd;k Fkk fd vki fganqLFkku dks nskh; Lojkt home rulensus ds
i{k esa gSa ;k ughaA ml izlax dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ckjh us dgk&ml izu ls gh fl} gksrk gS fd lkojdj dk nwljs fnu gq, vke.k esa
gkFk FkkA nwljh ckr ;g fd ml vke.k dk izfrdkj djus ds fy, nks&pkj jktcafn;ksa us Ik;Zos{kd ds ikl tkrs gq, prjflag dk rhoz
fojks/k Hkh fd;k FkkA ijarq geus ,slk dqN Hkh ugha fd;k FkkA ckjh ds ;g iwNrs gh fd vkius ,slk D;ksa ugha fd;k] geus dgk fd
^vkidk gh vknsk gS fd ,d canh nwljs ds dkeksa esa gLr{ksi u djsA esjs lxs HkkbZ tc :X.kkoLFkk esa Fks vkSj mUgsa :X.kky; esa ugha
Hkstk x;k rc eSaus vkils rFkk Ik;Zos{kd ls ;g izkFkZuk dh Fkh fd vki bl ckr dks ns[ksaA rc lxs HkkbZ ds laca/k esa Hkh vkius dgk Fkk]
^vki canh gS] pkgs og HkkbZ gks ;k dksbZ vU;] vkidks fdlh vU; canh ds fok; esa cksyus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA* vc prjflag Hkh
vU; canh gSA Hkyk mlds ekeys esa eSa D;ksa cksyw\ rhljh ckr ;g Fkh fd tc ;g r; gks x;k Fkk fd prjflag ij dksMs+ cjlk, tk,ax]s
rc vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk ge Hkh dg jgs Fks fd prjflag us fu;e fo:} vke.k fd;k Fkk rks ljdkj us Hkh fu;e fo:} mldh
peM+h m/ksM+h FkhA og naM rks ik gh pqdk FkkA rc vc csar ekjus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha
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gSA* gekjh bu nks&rhu ckrksa dks tksM+dj ckjh ;g fl} djus dk iz;kl djrs yxk fd ^bl d`R; dh tM+ esa lkojdj ca/kq gh gSaA* blds
Ikpkr~ cjlksa rd prjflag dks yksgs ds fiatjs esa can j[kk x;kA bl ekeys esa izks - ijekuan ds gkFk esa ;wa gh iM+h fpVB~h ls mUgksaus
viuk rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd ^;g lkjh djrwr ckjh dh gh gksrh FkhA Ik;Zos{kd dks lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} HkM+dkus dk volj fey
tkus ls og [kqk gks tkrk FkkA vr% mlus vkSj vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa us bldk Bhdjk lkojdj ca/kq gh dkjkx`g dh lkjh vkkafr dh tM+
gS] D;kasfd vkkafr QSykus esa mUgsa cM+k vkuan feyrk gSA*A* izks - ijekuan d`r vkichrh
;q} ds fnuksa esa gekjs fo:} mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa rd bl rjg vusd lansg mRiUUk fd, tkus ds dkj.k gesa rFkk gekjs bV fe=ksa dks bl ckr
dk dHkh irk ugha pyrk Fkk fd gesa dc fdl pDdj esa Qalk;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ bl fparktud fLFkfr esa ge vkRe&lqj{kkFkZ ;FkklaHko
lko/kkuh cjrrs fd dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa ds fo:} dHkh viuk ix u c<+sA ijarq Lo;a fu;e&Hkax dh dSaph esa u Qalus dh lko/kkuh
cjrrs gq, Hkh gekjk eu ;gh dgrk fd vius lgdV Hkksxh jktcafn;ksa ds vFkok vU; cafn;ksa ds lq[k&nq%[kkFkZ dsoy rVLFk jgrs vius
lkoZtfud fgrkFkZ NsM+s gq, vkanksyuksa dk loZLo NksM+ nsuk Hkh:rk gSA vr% ge ;FkklaHko jktcafn;ksa ds i{k dk leFkZu djrs gq, mu ij
gksusokys vU;k; nwj djus ds lk/ku vk;ksftr djrs esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+rsA
LokLF; fxj x;k

lu~1914&19 ds nkSjku gh gekjk LokLF; fxjuk vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA lu~ 1910 esa foyk;r esa idM+s tkus ds Ikpkr~ foyk;rh canhkkyk]
fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`g vkSj vaneku ds dkykikuh&bu fofHkUu canhx`gksa esa tks vusd kkjhfjd dV >syus iM+s] ikfjokfjd fpark,a ogu djuh
iM+h] jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa ds mR{kksHkd rFkk fparktud iz;kl djus iM+s] lanwfkr vUu] LokLF; fo?kkrd jgu&lgu rFkk dBksj ifjJe
dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] mu lHkh foinkvksa ds fujarj ruko es a lu~ 1915 rd gekjk kjhj fVdk rks jgk ijarq viDo rFkk fuLlo
vUu&lsou ls mlh okZ ls ikpu&f;k esa ck/kk igqapus yxhA geus ;g ckr I;Zos{kd vkfn vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dkuksa esa Mkyus dk iz;kl
fd;kA ijarq le; ij fdlh us Hkh iwNrkN ugha dhA ckn esa ,d&nks ckj rst Toj p<+kA ijarq Toj esa Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg gesa
:X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrkk vkSj Toj esa Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg gesa :X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrk vkSj Toj mrjus ds ckn :X.kky;
esa dqN fnu FkksMk+ vPNk lk Hkkstu Hkh ugha fn;k tkrkA Toj de gksrs&u&gksrs gh iqu% dke ij Hkstk tkrk vkSj iqu% ogh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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v/kdPpk&v/kidk vUu feyrkA blls vfrlkj dk fodkj c<+ x;kA tgka lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks dsoy vPnk dke djus ij nw/k fn;k
tkrk] ogka gesa ,d ?kwaV nw/k ugha feyrkA vr% dkjkxkjh; ^nky* ds lkFk gh Hkkr [kkuk iM+rkA jksVh vf/kdrj dPph gksus ls geus [kkuk
gh NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ijarq blls otu ?kVus yxkA vkxs nky Hkh gte u gksrhA rc pkoy esa dsoy fokq} ty ?kksydj mls daB ls
mrkjus dk e dqN fnu cuk, j[kkA blfy, fd tSls&rSls bl vfrlkj ls tku NwVsA vfrlkj ls isV esa ejksM+ gksrh FkhA ejksM+ vkus
ij vle; kkSp tkus dh dkjkx`g esa yxHkx ikcanh gksus ls cgqr dV gksrkA kjhj esa Toj te x;k Fkk] mlls Hkh vfrlkj c<+rkA
var esa pkoy Hkh gte ugha gksrk Fkk] D;ksafd nks&pkj fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ og v/kidk gh ijkslk tkrkA vfrlkj dh ek=k vf/kd rks gks xbZ
ijarq og bruh vf/kd gksuh pkfg, Fkh] ftlls MkWDVj dks fookl gks&rHkh og jksxh dks ns[kus vk,xkA bruh vkdqfyr euksnkk gks xbZ
fd bZoj ls eUur ekaxwa] Hkxoku] tc MkWDVj ds lkeus kkSp d:a rks mlesa vkao vo; fxjs! D;kasfd] ;fn fdlh dkj.kok vkao ugha
vkbZ vFkok dsoy [kwu dh ,d cwan ek= fxj xbZ rks ^;g vlR; gS* dgrk gqvk MkWDVj pyk tk,xkA geus Lo;a dbZ ckj ;g vuqHko
fd;k gS fd isV esa kwy mBrk] jkr&csjkr [kwu fxjrk] ijarq la;ksxok MkWDVj ds lkeus ugha fxjk rks ^lkS izfrkr feF;k*! vkSj ;g lc
^dsoy lansg* oxZ esa pyk tkrk&;fn bl oxZ esa ugha x;k rksA tc MkWDVj dk vkuk vkSj Toj vFkok vkao dk fxjuk lkFk&lkFk gksrk
rks ml le; ge brus mid`r vuqHko djrs tSls bZoj izlUu gks x;k gksA ,sls vuwBs ef.kdkapu ;ksx ds lkFk ;fn ge :X.k fl} gks
x, rks ,d&nks fnu Bhd Hkkstu rFkk :X.kksa dks izkIr nw/k ds dkj.k vfrlkj can gksrk&fd iqu%dke ij tkuk a a a aiqu% ogh vUu a a iqu%
ogh jksx a a a a
blh le; gekjs ca/kq dks Hkkstu cukus dh vuqKk izkIr gks xbZA lu~ 1914 esa gM+rky ds var esa vkthou naM izkIr jktcafn;ksa dks Lo;a
Hkkstu cukus dk tks vf/kdkj fn;k x;k Fkk] mlh ds vuqlkj ;g vuqKk nh xbZ FkhA gekjs HkkbZ lkgc dPph lkexzh ysrs vkSj nl cts
dke ls NqV~Vh feyus ds Ikpkr~ ml dksus esa] tks muds fy, fu;r fd;k x;k Fkk] tkdj Hkkstu idkrsA vkxs pydj okeujko tkskh dks
Hkh muds lkFk Hkkstu cukus dh vuqKk izkIr gks xbZA mu nksuksa dks lgHkkstu djrs ns[kdj cgqr lq[k gksrkA ekfudrYys ds jktcafn;ksa
dks Hkh ,d lkFk j[kk x;kA gekjs HkzkrkJh dks bl rjg vuqKk feyrs gh os dHkh lkx] dHkh jksVh] dHkh nky&dqN&u&dqN pksjh&pksjh gesa
Hkstrs] D;ksafd rc rd gesa Hkkstu idkus dh vuqKk ugha feyh FkhA vkxs tc fey xbZ rc lkFkh ysus dh vuqefr ugha feyh vkSj viuk
LokLF; vf/kd fxjus ls Hkkstu cukus dk Je Hkh ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA rqjar Toj p<+ tkrkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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vr% ca/kq dh vksj ls tks dqN pksjh&fNis izkIr gksrk] ml ij gh xqtkjk djrkA mudh ml ujksVh Hkj nky dk Lokn p[kdj] gekjs
ca/kqjkt ikddyk esa fuiq.k gSa] ;g vkHkkl gksrkA de&ls&de gels vf/kd rks vo; gSaA og Hkkstu ve`r rqY; izrhr gksrkA bldk
dkj.k gekjs ca/kq dh ikd dqkyrk gh ugha] vfirq ;g Hkh Fkk fd ftl fnu nky ugha feyrh] ml fnu ek= fokq} ty ds lkFk Hkkr
[kkus dk izlax vk tkrk] D;kasfd dkjkxkjh; nky iprh ugha Fkh vkSj nw/k ds lkFk Hkkr [kkus dk izlax vk tkrk] D;ksafd dkjxkjh; nky
iprh ugha Fkh vkSj nw/k dk rks nkZu gh nqyZHkA
,slh fLFkfr esa mkjkskj LokLF; fxjrk x;k vkSj gekjs lkoZtfud dk;Z rFkk dkjkxkjh; dV c<+rs gh x,A /khjs&/khjs izfrfnu jkr&csjkr
Toj p<+us yxkA ijarq og vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Lfkwy n`fV dks izR;{k xkspj ugha gksrk Fkk] vr% ,sls gh fcuk nokbZ] fcuk foJke ds fnu
<dsyus iM+sA m/kj gekjs ca/kq dh vk/kklhlh ckj&ckj HkM+d mBrh] ml dqxzkl Hkkstu dh fujarjrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i mudk LokLF; Hkh
fxjrk jgkA vkf[kj gesa vkSj mUgsa Hkh FkksM+k lk nw/k jkst feyus yxkA ijarq og Hkh rc tc LokLF; bruh gn rd fxj x;k fd ml nw/k
dks ipkus dh kfDr Hkh ugha jgha
blh volj ij jktcafn;ksa dks fo{kqC/k dj nsusokyh ,d nq?kZVuk ?kVhA oSls ,d&nks jktcafn;ksa ds >xM+s rFkk O;fDrk% dke djus ls
bUdkj rks fuR; dh ckr FkhA vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vknr ls Hkh ge ifjfpr Fks] blfy, bl rjg ds izR;sd fojy vFkok vkafkd vU;k; dk
izfrdkj djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk ge viuk drZO; le>rs FksA lHkh jktcafn;ksa ls Ms<+ ikSaM fNydk ysus dh ifjikVh gksrs gq, Hkh]
,d&nks vYio; caxkyh jktcafn;ksa dks pqudj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk muls nks ikSaM ysus dh tcjnLrh djrs gh rFkk ;fn bruk dke iwjk ugha
gqvk rks naM nsrs&nsrs var esa dksM+s ekjus dh /kedh nsrs gh] mUgsa jktcafn;ksa dh lkoZf=d gM+rky dk Hk; fn[kk;k x;kA rc dgha
vf/kdkjh bl ckr ij jkth gq, fd muls cl mruk gh fNydk fy;k tk,xkA ftruk os ns ldsaA bl rjg >xM+s gksus ij lacaf/kr
O;fDr dks eq>ls nwj j[kus ds fy, ;FkklaHko vU; d{k esa Hkstk tkrk] ftlls izfrdkjkFkZ esjh lgk;rk u feysA bl Ms<+ ikSaM fNyds ds
>esys esa gh ,d lPps rFkk cqf}eku jktcanh dks Hkh] tks caxky ;wuhoZflVh esa ,e-,- dk Nk= Fkk] dke djus ls bUdkj djuk iM+kA mls
nks ikSaM fNyds ds fy, dke djuk vR;f/kd dVizn izrhr gksrkA m/kj vf/kdkjh dk gB Fkk fd nks ikSaM iwjk djuk gh gksxkA mls dbZ
naM Hkqxrus iM+s vkSj var esa casr Hkh [kkus iM+sA jktcanh dks dksM+s ekjus dk wj naM dsoy blfy, fd og vU; tUekH;klh Jethoh
etnwjksa dh rjg ifjJe dj ugha ldrk FkkA ijarq naM nsus esa u fgapfdpkusokys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk frjLdj.kh; gB ftruk vfrjsdiwoZd
iznfkZr gqvk] mruk gh ,e-,-
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
335
rd fkf{kr mPp dqyhu ml caxkyh ;qod ds eq[k ls ,d phRdkj dk Hkh u fudyuk vkSj kkafr ls dksM+s lguk ,d vuqdj.kh; lkfod
fup; ,oa /kS;Zkkyh lgukhyrk dk gh iznkZu jgkA
bl fuR; fu;fer ekFkkiPph ls ;|fi ml le; ,d gh O;fDr dks dV lguk iM+rk] rFkkfi ml ;ksx ls dqYk feykdj lHkh jktcafn;ksa
ij dke dk cks> Mkyuk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, dfBu gks x;kA tgka nks ikSaM fNydk Hkh dfBu gksrk ogka dksYgw dk uke dkSu ysus nsrk\
tc ls iatkc ds jktcanh vk, rc ls iksVZ Cysvj ds dkjkxkj ds fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh og vyhy] vfkV kwjrk Hkh bu
jktcafn;ksa ls lkeus lge xbZA mu jktcafn;ksa esa dkrdkj] gLrfkYih] c<+bZ vkfn xzkeh.k yksx FksA vr% raMy
s vkfn yksxksa ds firkegksa
us Hkh dHkh ugha lquh gksaxh] ,slh&,slh pqfuank xkfy;ka lqjf{kr Fkh vkSj gekjh rjg mudh thHk le; ij mudk mPpkj.k djus esa dHkh
pwdrh ugha FkhA vr% dksbZ raMsy mUgsa ^vjs* dgrk] rks os mls mlh Hkkkk esa ^rw js* dgdj /kedk nsrsA eka dks eka ugha ukuh rFkk cki
dks ukuk& bl c<+r ls mu vfkV raMy
s vkfn ds iqj[kksa dk bu jktcafn;ksa }kjk m}kj gksus yxkA ftl fo|k dk iz;ksx ge uezrk ds
dkj.k ugha dj ldrs] mldk iz;ksx gekjs lgdV Hkksxh djus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrs] ;g ns[kdj cM+k lq[k feyrkA D;ksafd mu
uhp rFkk HkkM+s ds VV~Vwvksa ds vfkV] vyhy kL=] ftudh /kkj ge HkksFkjh ugha dj ik jgs Fks] mlh vfkV Hkkkk ls Vdjkus ls
HkksFkjh gks xbZA ;g dgus dh vko;drk ugha gS fd gekjs bu vui<+ xzkeh.k jktcafn;ksa dk Lonsk fgrkFkZ R;kx vU; fdUgha Hkh
rFkkdfFkr lqfkf{krksa ls de ugha Fkk vkSj tks lPpkbZ rFkk khy esa fdlh Hkh rFkkdfFkr ukxfjd ls ghu ugha FksA nwljs dh vksj ls fdlh
Hkh canhoku dks vdkj.k xkyh&xykSt vFkok ihM+k gksus dk Hk; vR;Yi jgrkA blds foijhr] mu cafn;ksa ds fy, ;s jktcanh izfrfnu
fdlh&u&fdlh dkj.kok la?kkZjr jgrsA
bl izdkj fojy rFkk O;fDrxr la?kkZ pyrs gh jgrs vkSj ;|fi ge ;gh lksprs fd mldk jktcafn;ksa dh izfrdkj kfDr thfor j[kus
rFkk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vR;f/kd ;kruk nsus dh izo`fk dks de djus esa mi;ksx gksrk gS] rFkkfi ge dHkh ;g ugha pkgrs Fks fd fdlh Hkh
dkj.kok ;FkklaHko ;g ckr lkoZtfud gM+rky rd igqaps] D;kasfd tSlkfd ihNs ^vaneku esa izpkj* khkZd izdj.k esa geus fy[kk gS]
;kstukuq:I gekjs uokxr jktcanh ca/kq ukukfo/k ckSf}d izfk{k.k ys jgs Fks vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
336
vesfjdk tSls lqnwj egk}hiksa esa cldj ogka ds cafn;ksa ds mifuoskksa esa laikfnr Kku] mikftZr O;ogkj&pkrq;Z rFkk nskisze] yksdlsok vkfn
mnkk Hkkoukvksa dk fujarj izpkj dj jgs FksA muds izxYHk izfk{k.k rFkk cafn;ksa esa lSdM+ksa yksxksa esa muds }kjk fd, tkusokys izpkj dk
ego eq>s ml gM+rky ls] tks vuko;d rFkk ek= [khapkrkuh fd fy, dh tkrh] cgqr vf/kd fpjLFkk;h izrhr gksrk FkkA ijarq esjh
bPNk us gksrs gq, Hkh vkxs funsZfkr fganqLFkku fLFkr jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr ls rFkk ijh fufnZV nq?kZVukok esjk ;g fopkj cuus yxk fd
bl rjg dksbZ gM+rky djuk jktcafn;ksa dk drZO; gS vkSj vius fopkj ds lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk eSaus ;g dk;Z laiUu djus ds fy, dej
dl yhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
337
izdj.k&5
pkSFkh gM+rky rFkk fxjrk LokLF;

ihNs geus ftl nq?kZVuk dk mYys[k fd;k gS og bl izdkj gqbZ Fkh fd Hkkuflag uked ,d jktcanh dh raMsy vkSj isVh vQlj ls dqN
dgk&lquh gqbZ rks mUgkasus Hkkuflag dks dksBjh esa can fd;k vkSj ckjh dks cqyk;kA ckjh ds Hkkuflag dh dksBjh esa ?kqldj xkfy;ka nsrs gh
mlus Hkh myVdj ckjh dks xkfy;ka nhA blls wn gksdj cjh us vius fiV~Bqvksa dh lsuk dks ladsr fn;k] ^Bhd djks bldksA* ^bls Bhd
djks* dk vFkZ geus igys dh LiV fd;k gSA ladsr feyrs gh ikap&nl raMy
s ] isVh vQlj vkfn MaMs ysdj dksBjh eas ?kql x, vkSj
mUgksaus Hkkuflag dk dpwej fudkykA og cspkjk vdsyk muls ;FkklaHko ekjihV djrk jgkA vra esa <yrh vk;q ds ml fl[k dks os
tYykn uhps fxjkdj MaMksa ls /kquus yxsA ml le; iwjh canhkkyk mlds nk:.k phRdkj ls xwat mBhA ^vjs ekjk! Hkkb;ksa] eq>s ekj Mkyk
js!* bl rjg dh ph[ksa lqurs gh mlh bekjr esa uhps tek ikap&Ng canh vkis ls ckgj gksdj lulukrs ckgj fudys vkSj tks Hkh gkFk esa
vk;k] mls ysdj ij p<+ x;sA ckjh Hkkuflag dh ijh eafty dk }kj can fd, [kM+k FkkA ckjh ;g ns[kdj fd jktcanh mls ekjus ds
fy, vk jgs gSa] Hkkuflag dh /kqukbZ NksM+dj >V ls ijh eafty ds xqacn dk }kj [kksydj ml lh<+h ls ckgj fudy x;kA Hkkuflag dh
ekjihV dk vka[kksa ns[kk gky tks jktcanh ogka mifLFkr Fks] tSlk muls lquk oSlk gh ;gka ij izLrqr fd;k gSA bruk gh ugha] tSlk ge
vkxs crk,axs] mlds vuqlkj nks izeq[k jktcafn;ksa us vius fyf[kr c;ku esa Hkh blh izdkj lwfpr fd;k FkkA
êkj Mkyk! Hkkb;ksa] eq>s ekj Mkyk*&bl rjg dh ph[ksa rFkk ekjihV dks iM+ksl dh bekjr ls lqurs gh geus Hkkai fy;k] vkt fdlh dks
^lh/kk* fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkkuflag dk uke lqudj cM+k nq%[k gqvkA ml isVh vQlj us] tks ekjihV ds le; ckjh ds vknskkuqlkj
Hkhrj ?kqlk rks Fkk] ijarq Hkkuflag dks u ekjrs gq, vU;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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yksxksa ds lkFk ekjus dk ek= <ksax dj jgk Fkk&crk;k fd ;g lekpkj lksyg vkus lp gSA og Hkkstu dk le; FkkA viuh bekjr ds
nks izeq[k jktcafn;ksa ds lkFk geus bl nqLlkgl dk rhoz fojks/k djus dk fup; fd;k vkSj izR;sd bekjr esa i= }kjk lansk Hkstuk
vkjaHk fd;kA jktcanh bl ekjihV ls jkh Hkj Hkh u Mjrs gq,] HkM+d mBs vkSj os lkoZf=d gM+rky dh Hkkkk cksys yxsA ,d us rks a a
abl Hkkkk dk Hkh mPpkj.k fd;k ijarq a a a a
bl lkjs gaxkesa dk irk yxrs gh rFkk bruh izcy izfrf;k ns[krs gh ckjh vius LoHkkokuq:i pkSadkA la/;k le; t cog eq>ls feyus
vk;k rc eSaus mls nks&Vwd mkj fn;k] ^^vki iwN jgs gSa] blfy, dgrk gwa& vkids nqLlkgl dh gn gks xbZ gS& bldk ifj.kke gesa vkS j
fokskr% eq>s rks Hkqxruk gh gksxk] ijarq vkidks Hkh Hkqxruk gksxkA** mlus lkjk nksk Hkkuflag ij Fkksirs gq, dgk fd mlus eq>s xkyh nhA
ij ;s lc cgkus FksA eSaus dgk] ^îjarq bl rjg ml ij vR;kpkj D;ksa fd,\ ogka ds lkjs jktcanh rFkk lk/kkj.k canh ,d eq[k ls dgrs
gSa] vkius Hkkuflag dks bruk ihVk fd mlds eqag ls ygw cgus yxk] ;g ckr >wB ugha gSA**
Ik;Zos{kd ds lkFk fujh{k.k ds fnu jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN pqfuank yksxksa us ekax dh f dbl ekeys dh iwjh tkap djrs gq, ckjh dks naM
fn;k tk,A ijarq blds foijhr ftu jktcafn;ksa us ckjh dks ?ksjus rFkk Hkkuflag dks NqMk+ us dk iz;kl fd;k Fkk] mUgsa gh Mjk;k&/kedk;k
x;kA
rc gM+rky djuk fufpr gks x;kA blh nkSjku fganqLFkku ls lekpkj vk x;k fd lafo/kku esa dbZ u, vf/kdkj iznku djus dh tks ppkZ
fNM+ xbZ Fkh] mlls lacaf/kr iwjh tkap djus ds fy, ge tks iz;kl dj jgs Fks] mlesa blh ckr ij vf/kd xkSj fd;k tkusokyk gSA
fganqLFkku ds jktuhfrd foo ds lkeus jktcafn;ksa dh leL;k jrr :i esa izdkfkr gksrh jguh pkfg,A bruh rhozrk ls jktcafn;ksa dh
;krukvksa Hkjh dgkuh fganqLFkku ds n; esa kwy dh rjg lrr pqHkrh jguh pkfg, fd mu yksxksa dks Hkh] tks bl izu dks Nwus ls Hkh
?kcjkrs gSa] mls Vkyuk vlaHko gks tk,A vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa ;g vafdr djus ds fy, fd fganqLFkku dks larqV j[kus ds fy, tks dqN
ckrsa djuk vifjgk;Z gS] muesa ls ,d ckr vge gS&jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDra blh gsrq vaneku dk vkanks yu thfor j[kuk vko;d Fk vkSj
mlh rjg ;g Hkh vko;d Fkk fd mldh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa fujarj igqaps vkSj bruh rhozrk ls fd yksxksa ds fny ngy tk,aA bl
lkjs ekeys ds fy, ekaVsX;w lkgc ds vkxeu ds le; gh iksVZ Cysvj ds jktihfM+rksa ds fok; esa dqN&u&dqN iz {kksHkd ijarq lR;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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?kVuk Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkfkr djkuh gks rks og izFke iksVZ Cysvj esa gh ?kfVr gksuh pkfg,A
Hkkuflag ij fd, x, bl u`kal vR;kpkj ds fojks/kkFkZ krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa }kjk dh xbZ gM+rky ,slh gh ,d ?kVuk gksxh vkSj blh
dkj.k ls bl mfV dks ysdj Hkh lkgl ds lkFk gM+rky dks mHkkjuk gesa bV izrhr gqvkA dqN cka/koksa dk dguk Fkk fd gM+rky dk
izR;{k usr`Ro iqjkus jktcanh djsa vkSjlHkh dh vksj ls ogha mu ekaxksa dks izLrqr djsaA ijarq eSaus vius lkfFk;ksa dks le>k;k fd mlls
gM+rky ds izeq[k mn~ns; dh gh ugha] vfirq izlax foksk esa jkVh; dk;Z dh Hkh gkfu gksus dk fdl rjg [krjk gSA izR;{kr% vkxs c<+us
ls ckjh rFkk ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa rd lHkh dks eupkgk volj izkIr gks tk,xk vkSj eq>s rFkk esjs iqjkus lkfFk;ksa dks vktdy Lora= :i
esa ?kweus dh tks fNViqV lqfo/kk dsoy fuCkZa/k jhfr ls according to jail rules vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fook gksdj nsuh iM+h Fkh] mu lkjh
lqfo/kkvksa dks jn~n djds eq>s iqu% fnu&jkr dksBjh esa can j[kk tk,xkA mlls gM+rky dk lekpkj fganqLFkku esa igq apkus ds fy, vknfe;ksa
dks Hkstuk] fpf;ka Hkstuk] mu lgk;dksa ls tks ;q} ds lekpkj ckgj ls fu;fer :i ls ykrs gSa& lekpkj&i= ysuk] mUgsa fNi&fNidj
i<+uk&gM+rky ds dkj.k can iM+s jktcafn;ksa ds lekpkj ijLij igaqpkdj ,slh ;kstuk cukuk] ftlls os ,d gh ;kstuk esa uhfriwoZd
vkpj.k dj ldsa vkSj mls lwfpr djukA gM+rky dh n`fV ls ;s lkjs egoiw.kZ dk;Z dksBjh esa can gks tkus ls cgqr dfBu gks tk,axs A
nwljh ckr ;g fd xr pkj&ikap okksZa esa dkjkxkj dh vR;ar wj ;krukvksa dk gesa lkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk vkSj blls lkjs iqjkus
jktcafn;ksa ds LokLF; ij cqjk vlj gqvk FkkA gesa vc vkSj gFkdfM+;ka] dksBjhcanh rFkk dqxzkl Hkkstu vkSj dksM+s [kkus ds fy, ck/;
djuk gekjs izk.k gh ladV esa Mkyuk Fkk vkSj og Hkh gM+rky tSls rkRdkfyd vkSj LFkkuh; rqPN dk;Z ds fy,A ,sls dk;kZFkZ viuh
vjFkh mBkus dh rS;kjh djuk dsoy jkVh; fgr dh gR;k djuk tSlk FkkA ,d ckj ix vkxs c<+kus ij mls ihNs [khapuk vf/kd
gkfudkjd gksrkA blls vf/kd mfpr ;gh Fkk fd gM+rky] izfrokn] bUdkj vkfn LFkkuh; vkanksyu dh ftEesnkjh] uokxr rkts ygwokys
lkS&lok lkS yksx gh dqN fnu rd ckjh&ckjh ls mBk,aA rhljk egoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g Fkk fd ml dkj.k ls fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstus dk
esjk vf/kdkj gh Nhu fy;k tk,xkA ogh O;fDr okZ esa ,d ckj i= Hkst ldrk Fkk] ftls iwjs okZ esa ,d Hkh dkjkxkjh; naM u feyk
gksA eSa can gks tkrk rks i= Hkh can gks tkrkA ijarq esjk i= can gksus dk vFkZ gS] gM+rky rks nwj] jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds izu
dh gh Hkkjh gkfuA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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D;kasfd jktcafn;ksa esa ftl bDds&nqDds ds i=ksa dks fganqLFkku ds usrkvksa ds] lekpkj&i=ksa ds vkSj turk ds dkuksa rd igqapkuk laHko gksrk]
mUgksaus ,sls i= Hkstus dk] ftuesa bl rjg lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh ppkZ gS] vFkok os fook gSa tks vf/kdkfj;ksa dks pqHkrs Fks] os O;fDr ,slk
îkxyiu* djus dk cqf}ekkiw.kZ lkgl dHkh ugha djrs FksA mlls ckjh dk ijk p<+ tkrkA vkSj tks ,sls jktcanh Fks tks i= }kjk vius
gLrk{kj ls lgh tkudkjh fy[kus dk vkSj lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds fgr dh ppkZ djus dk lkgl dj ldrs Fks] muds i=ksa dh fganqLFkku dh
turk ij izHkkoh [;kfr gksuk vFkok mldh ppkZ gksuk rRdkyhu fLFkfrok vlaHko FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa esjs vdsys ds gh i=ksa ls og dk;Z
vifjgk;Z gks ldrk Fkk] vr% gM+rky ls esjk vyx jguk vifjgk;Z gks x;k FkkA
turk dks Kkr Fkk fd esjs vuqt u dsoy esjh izR;qr ml cgkus lHkh jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh leL;k fganqLFkku esa lrr izpkfjr
j[kus dk iz;kl dj jgs FksA esjs okfkZd i= ls mUgsa cM+k lgkjk feyrkA esjk okfkZd i= vkrs gh mldh rqjar izfr;ka fudkyh tkrh vkSj
os fganqLFkku ds vusd usrkvksa ds gkFkksa esa iM+rhA muesa ls dbZ yksxksa }kjk og i= lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkfkr fd;k tkrkA vus d nsHkDr
mRlkgiwoZd ml i= dh izfr fudkyus ds fy, vkrs vkSj mls ,d ifo= Le`fr ds :i esa vius laxzg esa j[krsA cSfjLVj vklQ vyh us
Hkh vius ^QkWjoMZ*71 esa izdkfkr fd;k gS fd fdl rjg isfjl rd ;s okfkZd izfr;ka tkrh vkSj m/kj Hkkjrh; yksx fdruh vkrqjrk ds
lkFk rFkk HkfDrHkko ls mUgsa i<+dj mudh izfr;ka fudkydj fdl rjg mudk tru djrsA ml i= ls eSa dsoy iksVZ Cysvj dh
dkjkxkjh; fkdk;rsa ckgj Hkst nsrkA ksk jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls vkanksyu djus pkfg,] bl izu esa gkFk Mkyus dks
ysdj fdl rjg usrkvksa dh f?kX?kh ca/k tkrh gS] fdl rjg ljdkj dks kafrdkfj;ksa vkSj muesa Hkh eq>s jktcanh ?kksfkr djus esa
fgpfdpkgV gksrh gS] mudh bl d`fr dk fdl rjg fojks/k djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd og fdruh foijhr gS] vkfn eqn~nksa ij gh dsoy ppkZ
ugha djrk vfirq mlesa ;FkklaHko fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd erksa dk Hkh iznkZu djrk Fkk] tks nsk ds
fy, fgrdkjh FksA fokskr% ;q} ds nkSjku iksVZ Cysvj ds dkjkxkj ij fu;qDr Ik;Zos{kd cM+k mnkj LoHkko dk Fkk vkSj blfy, fd iwjs okZ
eSa izR;{k fucZa/k Hkax ugha djrk] blfy, eq> ij izlUu gksdj dkQh Lora= :i ls eq>s i= fy[kus nsrkA ;fn dkjkxkjh; mYys[k mlesa
u gks rks fQj lglk og i= esa dkV&NkaV Hkh ugha djrk] Hkys gh ckjh ty&HkqusA eSa Hkh bl lqfo/kk dk ;FkklaHko ykHk ysus ls dHkh
ugha pwdrkA dkjkxkjh; lekpkj vU; rjhds ls Hkstus iM+rs vkSj mlh
71
8 tqykbZ] 1924 rFkk mlls vxyk vad nsf[k,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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rjg Hkstus ij os dHkh&dHkh lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkfkr Hkh gksrsA ml rjg xqIr :i ls Hksts x, vkSj gLrk{kj ds lkFk lk{kkr~ ljdkjh
vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Hksts x, esjs okfkZd i= esa ,slk gksrkA esjs bl i= dk dkSafly ls ysdj >qXxh&>ksaifM+;ksa rd vf/kd izHkko gksrkA ij
mlesa Hkh nl xqIr i= Hkstus ij ,d igaqprk vkSj mlesa ls Hkh vk/kk gh izdkfkr gksrkA ijarq esjk i= fufPkr :i ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dh
eksgj ds lkFk fganqLFkku Hkj esa izdkfkr gksrkA
,rnFkZ bl rjg i= Hkstus] mlds }kjk Lonsk esa viuh jk; rFkk jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDRk esa izuksa dh ppkZ lrr izTofyr j[kus dk ;g
volj eSa izk;% ugha [kksrkA bl ;k vU; dkj.kksa ds fy, eSaus gM+rky dh ;kstuk bl rjg fufpr dh fd iqjkus jktcafn;ksa dks vFkkZr~
eq>s] esjs ca/kqvksa dks rFkk Jh;qr~ tkskh dks&D;ksafd ksk jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksx ;g tkurs gq, fd Hkkuflag dh fiVkbZ gks xbZ&os dqN Hkh
ugha tkurs] mudk vU; yksxksa ls dksbZ laca/k ugha] ;gh dgrs] myVs gM+rky dks dkSu izksRlkfgr djrk gS] dkSu ugha vkfn lekpkj nsus esa
Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrsA vr% gM+rky esa muds vkus dk izku gh ugha mBrk FkkNksM+dj u, cafn;ksa esa ls mu yksxksa us] ftuds LokLF; dh
ifj.kkedkjd gkfu gksuk laHko ugha Fkk] gM+rky esa izR;{k dke NksM+dj lfEefyr gksaA izFker% ;g ;kstuk fufpr dh xbZ fd jktcafn;ksa
dks dkSu ls vf/kdkj pkfg, vkSj nksuksa usrk ;g fy[kdj nsa fd Hkkuflag dh fiVkbZ gM+rky dk dsoy rkRdkfyd fufek ek= gS] ezeq[k
dkj.k Fkk ;g ekax fd jktcafn;ksa ls jktcafn;ksa dh rjg gh O;ogkj fd;k tk,&;fn bl dFku dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k rks dqN yksx
vuku dh /kedh nsa] ijarq dksbZ Hkh viuk LokLF; vf/kd fxj tkus rd dksBjh esa lM+us dk gB u djs vFkok vUUk&R;kx }kjk
izk.k&R;kx u djsA gM+rky ds leFkZukFkZ vkSj nsk esa [kycyh epkus ds fy, ;FkklaHko iz;kl djus dk dke geus vius ftEes ys fy;kA
blds vfrfjDr esjs ckgj jgus ls og dk;Z Hkh vckf/kr pyrk jgk] tks geus iksVZ Cysvj ds mifuosk esa fk{kk vkfn lkoZtfud izpkj
dk;kZFkZ gkFk esa fy;k FkkA
fufpr fnol ij jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka viuk dke NksM+dj rudj [kM+h jghaA yxHkx lkS yksx bl gM+rky esa lfEefyrk gks x,A blls
igys tks gM+rky dh xbZ Fkh] mlls vc jktcafn;ksa dh la[k;k esa vR;kf/kd o`f} gksus rFkk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh kfDr vkSj l[rh eas vf/kd
ek=k esa fkfFkyrk vkus ls bl gM+rky dk dkQh izHkko iM+kA u dsoy jktcafn;ksa oju~ ml mifuosk ds bfrgkl esa Hkh fdlh dks Lej.k
ugha fd brus fokky rFkk brus laxfBr :i esa vU; dksbZ gM+rky dHkh gqbZ Hkh gksA gj Ng eghuksa esa jktcanh fok;d ,d izfrosnu
vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fganqLFkku ljdkj dks Hkstuk iM+rk FkkA mifuosk esa gekjs vkus rd ^lc Bhd gS* tSls lHkh izfro`k vkrs jgrs FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
342
bl rjg wj vijk/kh] xaqMksa ds mifuosk dk neu djds ml ij viuk ncnck cukus dh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh dqkyrk gh fganqLFkku dh
ljdkj izkalk gh djrhA
ijarq tc ls jktcafn vk x,] mifuosk ds okfkZd izfrosnu vFkok jktcafn;ksa ds Lor=a izfro`k esa os vf/kdkjh ^lc Bhd gS* tSlh fjiksVZ
dHkh ugha ns ldsA ,rnFkZ LoykSfddkFkZ bu gM+rky ds ihNs gM+rky rFkk ,d ds ihNs ,d >xM+s ns[krs&ns[krs vc bruk ks/k ugha vkrk
tSls igys gM+rky ds le; vk;k djrk FkkA
fQj Hkh mudh [kViV cjkcj pyrh jghA gM+ry gksrs gh ckjh us gekjs fo:} jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa QwV Mkyus dk tks dk;Z izkjaHk
fd;k] og var rd tkjh jgkA og jktcafn;ksa ds dejs ds ikl vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk [kM+k jgdj dgrk jgrk] ^^vjs] ;g lkojdj rqEgsa
Qalk jgk gS] yVdk jgk gSA Lo;a ihNs jgrk gSA ns[kksa] og naM ls Mj jgk gSA rqe ixys gks] mls ns[kks&oSlk pyks] rqEgkjk fgr gksxk a a
a**
lkojdj ls Mjrs D;ksa gks

jktcanh ckjh dh jx&jx ls ifjfpr Fks] os HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks fd ;fn ckjh dh ^th&gqtwjh* djus ls ysdj lekpkj nsus rd mldh
ikaopIih djuh gks] tSls Qykuk O;fDr djrk gS] rks lkojdj euk ugha dj jgs FksA ljdkjh fVIif.k;ksa 72 esa os ns[k gh jgs Fks fd
lkojdj mlh dkjkxkj esa dqy feykdj vkM+h csfM+;ka] [kM+h csfM+;ka] tathjksa dh csfM+;k] gFkdfM+;ka] dksBjhcanh] vUu&R;kx vkfn lHkh
izdkj ds naM Hkqxr pqds gSaA jktcafn;ksa ds drZO;Lo:i os gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x, Fks vkSj mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksx rks brus
laiIr gks x, Fks fd mu izfrdkjksa rFkk izfroknksa ls Hkh] ftUgsa lkojdj Ik;kZIr le>rs Fks] vf/kd mxzrj izfrokn djus dk mudk vuqjks/k
Fkk] dsoy lkojdj us gh mUgsa jksd fy;k FkkA ;g ckr Hkh NksfM+,] ckjh dsoy lkojdj fds fo:} tgj mxyrk gS] ;gh ,d dkj.k ;g
fl} djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr gS fd lkojdj dh uhfr rFkk vkpj.k jktcafn;ksa rFkk muds jkV ds fy, fgrdkjd gSA muesa ls dbZ rks
galrs gq, ;g dg Hkh Mkyrs fd ^D;ksa th] lkojdj ckcw tSlk vki dgrs gSa] ;fn os oSls gh Mjiksd gSa rks vki fnu&jkr muls brus
?kcjkrs D;ksa gSa\*
gekjs jktcafn;ksa esa ls tq>k: i{k esa QwV Mkyus ds ckjh rFkk mlds gLrdksa ds lkjs iz;kl fuQy gks x,A gM+rky dk /kwe&/kekdk py
jgk Fkk] m/kj cspkjk
72
Lkojdj dk canh i= nsf[k,] tks vafre ifjfkV esa fn;k x;k gSA Source material for a history of the freedom movement of
India, Vol. 2, page 478 ij Hkh ;g i=d fn;k x;k gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
343
Hkkuflag ml fiVkbZ ds Ikpkr~ iqu% ugha iuikA vkxs pydj mls [kwu dh myfV;ka gksus yxh vkSj ,d grs ds Hkhrj mls :X.kky; esa
Hkstk x;kA gekjk Hkh LokLF; fxj x;k vkSj gesa Hkh :X.kky; esa dqN fnu ds fy, Hkjrh dj fn;k x;kA rHkh mls risfnd us bruh rsth
ls ?ksjk vFkok LokLF; bruh rsth ls fxjk fd og Ms<+ eghus esa gh ijyksd fl/kk x;kA Hkkuflag ,d vui<+ fdlku Fkk] ijarq gekjs
fopkj ls fkf{krksa esa Hkh bruk lPpk nskHkDr ugha feysxkA cspkjk vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ikdj ftl nsk ds dY;k.kkFkZ ;gka vk;k Fkk]
,d&Ms<+ okZ ds Hkhrj mlh nsk ds dY;k.kkFkZ la?kkZ djrs&djrs py clkA ogka ds jktcafn;ksa esa izR;sd bZekunkj nskHkDr ds iz fr ;gh
Hkkouk ?kj dj xbZA
Hkkuflag ij tks vR;kpkj gq, Fks] mlls lacaf/kr RkFkk gM+rkyokyksa dh ekaxas fu;ekuwlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr djus ds fy, ftu nks
usrkvksa dks fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] vf/kdkjh mudk fy[kfr oDrO; ugha ys jgs FksA vr% ;kstuk ds vuqlkj mu nksuksa us vUu&R;kx
fd;kA nl&ckjg fnuksa rd os&ftuesa ls ,d lkB okhZ; vknj.kh; ljnkj Fks vkSj nwljs ,d rstLoh iatkch jktiwr ;qod&fcuk vUu
xzg.k fd, viuh dksBfj;ksa esa can iM+s jgsA var esa mudk fyf[kr oDrO; fy;k x;k vkSj mlesa ^gekjs lkFk mlh rjg O;ogkj fd;k
tk, tSls iwjs foo esa vkSj fokskr% baXySaM esa jktcafn;ksa ls fd;k tkrk gS* bl izeq[k ekax ls ysdj ^fl[kksa dk cky /kksus ds fy, FkksM+k
ikuh vkSj lkcqu fn;k tk,^ bl rjg dh QqVdj ekaxksa rd lHkh ekaxas fy[kh xbZA bl izdkj vUu&R;kx dk ewy mn~ns; lQy gks tkus
ij] ml o`} rFkk vknj.kh; lTtu us iwoZ ;kstuk ds vuqlkj vUu xzg.k fd;k] ijarq ks/kkosk esa ;g foosd NksM+dj ml jktiwr ;qod
us vUu&R;kx dk viuk fup; mlh rjg tkjh j[kkA nks grksa ckn mldh ukd esa ufydk Mkydj mls nw/k fiykuk kw: fd;k x;kA
vUu&R;kx ls ml ;qod dh nsg d`k gksrh xbZA ijarq mlls og vfHkekuh jktiwr jDr BaMk gksus dh vis{kk vf/kd ty mBkA mlus
oL= /kkj.k djuk NksM+ fn;k] dacy vks<+uk NksM+ fn;k] Hkw[kk&I;klk] uax&/kM+ax gksdj og dM+kds dh BaM esa dksBjh ds cQhZys QkZ ij
iM+k jgrk] fdlh ls ,d kCn Hkh ugha cksyrkA ml vf/kdkjh ls ckr gh D;k djuk tks lquuk ugha pkgrkA eq>s tks dguk gS] og
dM+kds dh BaM esa dksBjh ds cQhZys QkZ ij iM+k jgrk] fdlh ls ,d kCn Hkh ugha cksyrkA ml vf/kdkjh ls ckr gh D;k djuk tks
lquuk ugha pkgrkA eq>s tks dguk gS] og lkjk fyf[kr oDrO; esa dg fn;k gSA cl bruk gh dgrs gq, mlus vius eqag dks rkyk
yxk;k vkSj fQj dHkh [kksyk gh ughaA dfeuj vk;k] ij ,d ugha] nks ugha] iwjs Ng eghus og fujUu fLFkfr esa fnxacj gksdj dksBjh esa
iM+k jgkA mldh lqn`<+] fokky nsg gf;ksa dk iatj cu xbZA mlds tSlk rst&rjkZj] vkstLoh] lPpk] vueksy nskizseh bl rjg
efV;kesV u gks] blds fy, geus Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA var esa ,d ;qfDr ls mlls izR;{k HksaV dhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
344
mldk FkksM+k migkl Hkh fd;kA jk.kk izrki Hkh foijhr fLFkfr esa MVs jgdj tw>us dh ew[kZrk djus dh vis{kk nks dksl ihNs gVus es a
fdl rjg kwjrk ,oa cqf}ekuh le>rs Fks&bl izdkj gynh?kkVh rFkk vU; mnkgj.kksa ls mls le>k;kA mls LiV kCnksa esa crk;k&jkV ds
fy, vki lkS :Ik, ewY; ds izk.k nsrs le; udn lkS dk izfreksy ys ysa] vU;Fkk jkV ds uke ij bl rjg vkRegR;k djrs le; jkV
dh dqN gkfu gh djsaxAs rd dgha egkk; dk fup; cnykA mlus xqIr :i ls opu fn;k fd ejrs ne rd eSa Lo;a nsg&R;kx ugha
d:axk] rc dgha tkdj ge rfud fufpar gq,A
ijarq vU; bV fe=ksa dsk og ;g ckr dg ugha ldrk FkkA os dgrs] vki dh mls vUu&R;kx ls ijko`k ugha gksus nsrsA vkidh ckr og
ugha Vky ldrkA mudk ;g feF;k vkjksi Hkh dqN dky rd lguk iM+k] D;ksafd ml ;qod dks gesa ;g izfropu nsuk iM+k Fkk fd ^var
esa rqe vUu xzg.k djksxs] viuk fn;k gqvk xqIr opu eSa fdlh dks Hkh ugha crkaxk*A geus MkWDVj ls Hkh dg j[kk Fkk fd mldk
LokLF; dgha cgqr vf/kd rks ugha fxjk] xqIr :i ls og gesa izfrfnu lekpkj nsA
dHkh&dHkh mls rax djus ds fy, vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gLrd okWMZj mls eka&cgu dh xkfy;ka nsrs] D;kasfd bl cgkus rks og izR;qkj nsxkA
kjhj Toj ls ri jgk Fkk] ij ls mu vHknz chHkRlrkiw.kZ kCnksa dh ekj mlls lgh ugha tkrh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa ,d fnu Hkkxrs
gq, ml ;qod us jkr ds le; dksBjh dh nhokj ij rFkk Hkwfe ij viuk flj rM+krM+ eVduk vkjaHk fd;kA ,dne gM+dai ep x;kA
Ik;Zos{kd us ml dejs esa jkrs Hkj ,d okWMZj dks igjk nsus ds fy, j[kk fd dgha og vkRegR;k u dj cSBsA
var esa MkWDVj us eq>s lwfpr fd;k fd vc ;k rks og ej tk,xk ;k ikxy gks tk,xkA ;g lqurs gh lkjs jktcafn;ksa dk fy[kk ,d
izkFkZuk&i= mls Hkstk fd og vUu xzg.k djsA vc dksbZ ekbZ dk yky ;g ugha dj ldsxk fd rqe ihNs gV x,A vr% LkHkh ds
vknskkuqlkj vUu xzg.k djks] D;ksafd rqeus opu fn;k gS fd LokLF; dk [kM+ VwVus ls igys rqe mls rkuuk can dj nksxsA LiV lwfpr
djrk gwa fd v cog le; vk x;k gSA varr% ml vkRekfHkekuh ;qod us vUu xzg.k fd;kA
gekjk fujarj ;gh dguk gksrk Fkk fd gM+rky tSls rkRdkfyd vkanksyu ds fy, vU; dV lguk Hkys gh mi;qDr gks] rFkkfi fdlh Hkh
nskizseh dks vius vkidks jktcanh dgykus dh ekax ds fy, izk.kksa dh cfy p<+kuk vkSj og Hkh vUu&R;kx dh gM+rky djus dh ;kstuk
cukbZA mu eku/ku jktcafn;ksa us nks ckj lkewfgd vUu&gM+rky djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA dHkh&dHkh nl&ikap vkjaHk Hkh djrs] ijarq ge
mldk leFkZu u dj mudh ml rstfLork dks ;Fkksfpr xkSjo nsrs gq,
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
345
gh mls foQy cukrsA ml le; vUu&R;kx }kjk gBkr~ ejusokyksa esa ls geus ftUgsa [khap fy;k] muesa ls dqN eqDr gksdj iqu% LojkV
dh lsok dj jgs gSaA ftl eku/ku ;qod dk ij mYys[k fd;k gS] mldh ;fn dqN tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ rks ge vxys laLdj.k esa nsus dk
iz;kl djsaxAs
ftl fnu ;g gM+rky laiUu gqbZ] mlh fnu geus ekaVsX;w lkgc dks ,d vkosnu Hkstus dh ;kpuk dh Fkh] mlls lacaf/kr ppkZ djrs gq,
ckjh us gels dgk Fkk] ^Well, you have accorded a fine reception to Mr. Montegue.*
;|fi ;g lR; Fkk fd ekaVsX;w ds vkxeu ij iksVZ Cysvj dh izfroanuk lykeh ds fy, gh gM+rky bruh yach dh xbZ Fkh] rFkkfi mlesa
eSaus tks dke u NksM+us dk fopkj fd;k Fkk] mlh ls vkosnu&i= dh vuqefr u nsuk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, dfBu gks x;kA nwljk ,d
vU; egoiw.kZ dkj.k Hkh FkkA
ekaVsX;w vkfn lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkeus ;g izu Fkk fd fganqLFkku esa tks lq/kkj djus gSa] mlls jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa dk FkksM+k &cgqr Hkh
fookl laiknu gksxk ;k ughaA bl fok; esa ogka ds mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Lo;a vkdj gekjs lkFk dh xbZ ppkZ rFkk lekpkj&i=ksa ds ys[kksa
ls gesa lansg ugha jgk FkkA blls iwoZ ekWysZ fu[;kr vaxszt lTtuksa ds lkFk fd, x, fooknksa vkSj xks[kys vkfn usrkvksa ds r=LFk Hkkk.kksa
ls vkSj izR;{k laokn ls Kkr gh FkkA vkSj kafrdkfj;ksa dks kkar djuk&de&ls&de vU;ksa dks kafrdkfj;ksa esa ls Hkh vusd yksx kkafr
ekxZ dk voyacu djuk pkgsaxsA
bl ij ljdkj dk /;ku vkdfkZr djuk ge viu drZO; le>rs gSaA ekaVsX;w us lHkh i{kksa ls HksaV dh] muesa izdV :i esa kafrdkfj;ks a
dk i{k feyuk eqfdy gh FkkA vr% bl rjg vijks{k jhfr ls muesa ls dqN yksxksa dh jk; Kkr djuk mUgsa t:jh FkkA blhfy, geesa ls
vusd yksxksa ls fdlh&u&fdlh vksV esa ;g vf/kdkjh ppkZ djrsA ijarq dqN Mjdj] vR;f/kd dk;j cudj dgrs] ûk ckck uk] ugha
pkfg, og jktuhfr! Loh/khurk Hkh vkt ugha pkfg,] de&ls&de ge ^gfj&gfj* djrs gq, rks cSBs gSa] vkSj geas eqfDr ds vfrfjDr dqN
ugha ns[kuk gS* rks dksbZ vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
346
dks mu daBLFk rstkeafMr kiFkksa dks lqukrs] tks igys vaxsztksa dks [knsM+us ds fy, yh xbZ FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa ;g lqurs gh fd kafr i{k
ds /;s; rFkk jktuhfr dh rkfod ppkZ lqlaxr] ;qfDr;qDr rFkk fuHkhZd rFkk fuHkhZd fyf[kr oDrO; ge Hkstuk pkgrs gSa&vf/kdkfj;ksa dks
og ,d rjg dh bVkifk gh yxrh jghA os pkgrs rks Fks fd ;g dk;Z mudk dksbZ fiz; O;fDr djs] u fd eSa d:aA ijarq og gks ugha ik
jgk FkkA os ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd esjs uke ls x;k gqvk vkosnu ofjB vf/kdkjh vf/kd mi;qDr le>saxsA gM+rky esa dke NksM+dj Hkkx
u ysus ds dkj.k dkjkxkjh; fu;eksa dk mYy?kau eSaus ugha fd;k FkkA vr% eq>s ekaVX;w lkgc dks xoZuj tujy }kjk vkosnu&i= Hkstus
dh vuqefr fey xbZ vkSj mlds vuqlkj eSaus i= HkstkA
ekaVsX;w lkgc dk ij fufnZV vkosnu&i= Hkstrs gh bV ifj.kke ds fy, mlesa ls izeq[k eqn~nksa dh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa izdkfkr gksuk
Hkh furkar vko;d FkkA D;ksafd ml n`fV ls fganqLFkku fLFkr tks usrk lq/kkjksa ds fy, iz;kljr Fks] mUgsa ;g Hkh ,d lcy dkj.k fey
tk,xk fd nsf[k,] larksktud lq/kkj gksus ij kafrdkfj;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN izeq[k yksx kkafr ekxZ dk voyacu djus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA
blfy, fd viuh fook fLFkfr esa Hkh tks dqN leFkZu ge vius usrkvksa dks ns ldrs gSa] geus vius ml okfkZd i= esa bl vkosnu dk
mYys[k fd;kA mlls lkQ gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fok; esa bl vkosnu dk mYys[k fd;kA mlls lkQ gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa dh
eqfDr ds fok; esa vius nskca/kqvksa dks lrr izksRlkfgr djus ds dk;Z esa vius okfkZd i= }kjk ge fdlh uhfr dk vkSj dSlk iz;kl dj
jgs FksA73 ml i= }kjk rRdkyhu LokLF; fLFkfr;ksa dk Hkh iznkZu gksus ds dkj.k mldk ewy vuqokn gh ge uhps ns jgs gSaA
gesa vR;f/kd izlUurk gS fd egkjkV izkarh; ifjkn~ us jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, izLrko ikfjr fd;kA fiNyh ckj ukfld esa Hkh
egkjkV us blh rjg egoiw.kZ izLrko j[kk Fkk ;g lR; gS fd cacbZ izkarh; ifjkn~ vU; fdlh izkarh; ifjkn~ ls vf/kd thoV rFkk
fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk fganqLFkku ds lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, dej dls gSA esjh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj xr okZ la;qDr izkar rFkk vka/kz
nksuksa laLFkkvksa us gh ;g izLrko fd;k FkkA mlesa Hkh vka/kz dk izLrko laxzkgd rFkk vkLFkkoku FkkA blls ;g LiV gksrk gS fd vka/kz
ca/kqvksa ds var%dj.k mu egku~ nskHkDrksa ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr ls yckyc gSa] tks viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh eqfDr ds fy, pkgs lgh gks ;k xyr]
ijarq mls viuk drZO; le>dj lPpkbZ ,oa fufoZokn LokFkZ&R;kx dh pje lhek rd tkrs gq, dkjkxkj esa viuk thou lefiZr djus
esa
73
ewy vaxszth i= 4 vxLr] 1918 ds ^bdks kWe n vaneku* khkZd iqLrd esa izfl} gqvk gSA nsf[k,] ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;*]
[kaM&5] i`- 474
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
347
ihNs ugha gVsA rqeus fy[kk gS fd lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk if=dkvksa esa ckj&ckj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr fok; ij ys[k vkrs gSaA ijarq esjh le>
esa ;g ugha vkrk fd dsoy jkVh; lHkk gh ml fok; dk mYys[k djus esa bruh yTtk dk vuqHko D;ksa djrh gS\ mu yksxksa ds] ftudk
;g lHkk vius vkidks izfrfuf/k dgrh gS] eu esa cls gq, jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr ek= ekuoh lgkuqHkwfr ds mYys[k ek= ls bruk D;ks a
?kcjkrh gS\ ml lHkk us xr okZ ,d izLrko ikfjr fd;k& ek= LFkkuc} jktcanh interned ds dYiukFkZ ml lHkk dks bl ckr dk
foLej.k gks x;k fd LFkkuc} yksx ;q} ds Ikpkr~ vius vki eqDr gksuos kys gSaA ijarq gekjs mu LFkkuc} cafn;ksa ds nq%[k ls ml
kksHkk;eku rFkk eqDr gksusokys gSaA ijarq gekjs mu LFkkuc} cafn;ksa ds nq%[k ls ml kksHkk;eku rFkk eqDrokl eaMi esa lq[kklhu cSBs ftu
nskHkDrksa dh vka[ksa McMckbZ] mUgksaus bl ckr ij dHkh xkSj ugha fd;k fd ml nq%[k ls dbZ xquk vf/kd rhoz lhekrhr nq%[k lgrs& lgrs
,d ugha] nks ugha] krkf/kd yksx ?kqVrs&ejrs jgs gSaA mudh eqfDr vius vki ugha gksxh] blfy, bu izfrfBr vkSj mkjnk;h] ;gh rks
,d jgL; gSA os dsoy LFkkc}ksa ds fok; esa cksyrs gSa] D;ksafd os tkurs gSa] og bruk /kks[kk nsusokyk ugha gSA ijarq vU; jktcafn;ksa ds
laca/k esa os ,d kCn Hkh ugha dgrs] D;ksafd ml n`fV esa vf/kd iz;kl gksus pkfg,A izfrfBr vkSj mkjnk;h usrkvksa }kjk muds laca/k esa
vf/kd iz;kl gksus pkfg,A izfrfBr mkjnk;h] ;gh rks ,d jgL; gSA os dsoy Lfkkuc}ksa ds fok; esa cksyrs gSa] D;ksafd os tkurs gSa] og
bruk /kks[kk nsusokyk ugha gSA ijarq vU; jktcafn;ksa ds laca/k esa os ,d kCn Hkh ugha dgrs] D;ksafd ml n`fV ls muds lkgc ds ?kj
mudh izfrBk ij dkfy[k iksrh tk ldrh gSA jkVh; lHkk dk izeq[k drZO; nsk dk cgqrer iznfkZr djuk gS] u fd mlesa fLFkr eqV~B h
Hkj pkVqdkjksa dk er iznfkZr djukA fQj brus lkjs lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk izkarh; lHkkvksa dh ekax ds jgrs fd ^jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djks*
bl jkVlHkk ls mUgsa Lo;a ;ag visf{kr Fkk fd jkVlHkk rFkk mu yksxksa dk] ftuds fy, os yM+s vkSj dkjkxkj esa can gks x,&drZ O; gS
fd os muds nq%[k dk ukefunsZk djsaA fokskr% vk;fjk] cksvj] vkWfLV;u vkfn yksxksa us vius&vius nsk ds jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk
vkanksyu pykdj mUgsa eqfDr fnykbZ Fkh vkSj blfy, ;g ,dne vuqfpr gS fd jkVh; lHkk tks vius vkidks ^jkVh;* dgykrh
gS&vius Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa ds fok; esa eqag [kksyus ls MjsA vc jkVlHkk dks ;g djus ds fy, ck/; djuk gh gksxkA ;fn dqN cqtqxksZ
dks ,slk djrs le; ilhuk vkrk gks rks os bl izLrko ds le; lHkk esa mifLFkr u jgsaA ijarq blfy, fd bu bus&fxus izfrfBrksa esa
lkgl ugha gS] Hkyk leLr jkV bl vkijkf/kd ekSu dk iki vius flj ij D;ksa ys\
bl izdkj dk izLrko djrs le; Hkh ,d&nks ckrksa dh lko/kkuh cjruh gksxhA jktcafn;ksa ds fok; esa i= fy[krs le; dbZ ckj mu
lqfo/kktud kCnksa dk iz;ksx bl lafnX/krk ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS fd ljdkj gh D;ksa] vU; yksx Hkh ugha
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
348
le>sa fd mlesa fdldk varHkkZo fd;k x;k gSA dHkh mldk vFkZ LFkkuc} canh] rks dHkh Lfkkukarfjr] rks dHkh fuokZflr gksrk gS] ija rq
LiV mYys[k ds lkFk jktuhfrd dk;Z esa nafMr lHkh cafn;ksa dk var HkkZo ml kCn esa dnkfpr~ gh f;dk tkrk gSA fiNyh ckj eSaus fy[kk
gh Fkk fd okujykW us Hkh vk;fjk jktcafnkksa dks eqDr djrs le; ;g dgrs gq, fd mu jktcafn;ksa dks NksM+k x;k] tks O;fDr&fok;d
vijk/k ds fy, nafMr ugha fd, x, Fks] muds izfr Hkh fo}sk dk iznkZu dkus dh /kwrZrk dh FkhA vc ;s lTtu HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks fd
erkfHkykkh efgyk,a siffragists bl rjg ds O;fDrxr vijk/k esa nafMr gks xbZ Fkh] ijarq ;q} vkjaHk gksrs gh ,slh <ky D;ksa cus tks
muds vlyh mn~ns; dks <d nsrh gS\ vkSj nafMr kCn ls Hkkjrh; usrk brus Mjrs D;ksa gS\ cksFkk iz/kkuea=h Fks vkSj jseaM lalnh;
constitutional i{k ds vxqvk gS] rFkkfi mUgksaus mu jktcafn;ksa dks cjh fd;k] tks ljdkj ds fojks/k esa lkL= fonzksg dj jgs Fks vkSj
tks mlds foi{kh FksA ijarq jkVh; lHkk ds usrkvksa dks rks izfrfBr fonzksfg;ksa dk ukeksPpkj.k djus esas Mj yxrk gSA mu fHk[kkfj;ksa dks]
tks uxj&}kj ij Hkh[k ekaxrs gSa] uxjk/;{k rFkk uxjlsBksa ls Hkh vf/kd viuh izfrBk ,oa mkjnkf;o dk vglkl jgrk gSA blfy,
vxys izLrkoksa vkSj ys[kksa esa&jktuhfrd canh kCn dh ,slh O;k[;k gks fd mlesa kafrdkfj;ksa lfgr lkjs jktcanh lfEefyr gksa vFkkZr~ ^tks
Hkh dksbZ&pkgs og nafMr gks vFkok fojkjk/khu under trial vFkok LFkkuc}&O;fDrxr vke.kkFkZ vFkok lkoZf=d fonzksgkFkZ okLro esa
eq>s bl fHkUuRo kwU; izHksn dk vFkZ gh Kkr ugha gS vijk/kh ?kksfkr fd;k gks] os lHkh ijarq jktcanh dh ;gh okLrfod O;k[;k gSA
O;fDrxr kCn vkSj jktuhfrd kCn esa ize[q k izHksn ml d`R; ls ugha vfirq ml gsrq ls gksuk pkfg, tks ml d`R; ds ihNs fufgr gSA
mn~ns; gh izeq[k dlkSVh gksrk gSA
dksbZ Hkh d`R; vius vki jktuhfrd fufpr ugha gksrk] D;kasfd lkL= fonzksg Hkh ;fn dsoy fdlh O;fDr dh vkthfodk ds fy, gks rks
og jktuhfrd vkSj lkoZtfud fl} ugha gksxk vkSj mls fdlh Hkh lq/kh x`gLFk ls lgkuwHkwfr ugha feysxhA og ek= ,d cM+k Mkdk gh
gksxkA ;g ckr vyx gS fd ml O;fDr ds mnjHkj.k dk izu la?kkZ ds pyrs fdlh ,d lkoZtfud vf/kdkj dh j{kkFkZ vkxs fd;k gksA
Bxksa esa tks Vksfy;ka ek= LokFkhZ ywVikV djrh fQjrh Fkh] mudh eqBHksM+ ;k yM+kb;ka] jktuhfrd vFkok lkoZtfud Lo:i dh fl} ugha
gksrhA jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds fy, la?kkZjr baXySaM dh efgykvksa esa ls ml efgyk dks Hkh ljdkj us
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
349
^jktuhfrd* ukjh gh ekuk gS tks vpkud iz/kkuea=h ij dksM+s cjlkrh gS vFkok iz R;{k vkx yxkus tkrh gSA ;|fi ;q} ugha Fks] rFkkfi
muds bl O;fDrxr la?kkZ dk mn~ns; izfrkks/k vFkok LokFkZ fl} djuk ugha Fkk cfYd fdlh lkoZtfud dk;kZFkZ] dY;k.kkFkZ iz;Rujr
jguk gh FkkA gks ldrk gS] lk/ku vuqi;qDr ;k naMuh; vFkok ikidkjh gks] ;k u Hkh gksA ijarq d`R; dh uSfrdrk ml gsrq esa gksrh gS
tks ml d`R; dh izsjd gksA og gsrq ;fn jkVh; gks rks og d`R; jktuhfrd gh fl} gksuk pkfg,A
;g lkjk fooj.k eSa blfy, bruk foLrkjiwoZd ns jgk gwa fd ;fn vke ekQh iznku dh xbZ& ;|fi jktcanh dks bl rjg vke ekQh fn,
tkus ds fok; eas eq>s dksbZ vkkk ugha gS&rks Hkh bldh LiV O;k[;k u gksus ls fd jktcanh fdls dgk tk,] ljdkj vU;k; dk izHksn
djrs gq, ;g izfrikfnr djsxh fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls vusd jktcanh gh ugha gSa] blfy, vke ekQh esa mudh fxurh u djus dk volj
feyuk laHko gSA ,rnFkZ lHkh eq[; lHkh eq[; ys[kdksa ds n`fViFk esa vHkh ls ;g ckr ykvks vkSj lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk
vkanksyu NsM+ksA
eSa bl laca/k esa ;g LiV :i ls lwfpr djrk jgk fd jkVh; lHkk ds fok; fuokZpd eaMy esa bl laca/k esa dqN ppkZ gksrh gS ;k ugha
rFkk vU; lHkkvksa esa dkSu ls izLrko ikfjr gksrs gSaA lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh ekax gksrh gS ;k ugha ;k dsoy dqN LFkkuc}ksa ds gh
fok; esa gksrh gSA
d- nwljh ckr] ,d lkoZtfud c`gr~ vkosnu&i= ljdkj dks Hkstus ds fok; esa&bl izdkj dk vkosnu lgksa gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk ljdkj
dks fdl izdkj Hkstk tk, vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds vkanksyukFkZ fdlh uhfr rFkk mik;ksa dk voyacu fd;k tk,& blls lacaf/kr
lwpuk eSaus vius jktcanh fe=ksa }kjk] tks ;gka ls cjh gksdj x, Fks&vius ca/kq dks nh FkhA ;g ;kstuk dk;kZfUor gksuh gh pkfg,A gks
ldrk gS] vkius ;g ;kstuk blfy, LFkfxr dh gks fd ;q} ds Ipkr~ bl rjg dk vkosnu Hkstuk vf/kd ifj.kkedkjd gksxkA
[k- rhljh ckr] LFkku&LFkku ij ,d ds ihNs ,d jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djus ds fy, lHkkvksa dk vk;kstu djuk& ;g ;kstuk dsoy ,d
okZ ds fy, gh ugha] vfirq ,slh lHkkvksa dk p lrr okksZ ds ihNs okZ pyrk gh jguk pkfg,A
x- dqy feykdj jkVh; lHkk] izkarh; ifjkn~ ljdkj dks cM+s&cM+s lkoZtfud vkosnu rFkk rFkk
O;fDrxr vkosnu vkSj
jktcanh ds ifjokj dh vksj ls
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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lekpkj&i=ksa esa lrr ys[k] okbljhxy fo/kkulHkk vkSj izkafrd fo/kkulHkk councils ls ysdj BsB ikfyZ;kesaV rd izukskjh dk
/kwe&/kM+dk tSlh fofo/k jhfr;ksa ls jktcafn;ksa ds izuksa dk vkanksyu ,slh thoVrk ds lkFk pykvks fd og izu jktuhfr dk ,d izeq[k
vax gksdj jgs vkSj gj ckj bl ckr dks LiV :i ls O;k[;kf;r fd;k tk, fd og izR;sd canh ^jktcanh* dgykus ;ksX; gS] tks
kafrdkjh nafMr ds lkFk Hkh jktuhfrd mn~ns; ls vk{ksiHkwr d`R; ls izsfjr gks x;k gSA
eSa [kqys eu ls dg nsrk gwa fd bl lkjh ppkZ esa eSaus izR;{k ifj.kke ls vf/kd bu lkjs iz;klksa ds vkuwkafxd uSfrd ifj.kkeksa dh vksj
gh vf/kd xkSj fd;k gSA eSaus ljdkj dks LiV kCnksa esa lwfpr fd;k gS fd ^jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk izu vifjgk;Z :i ls mu izuksa ls
tqM+k gS tks fganqLFkku dks fodklkhy ,oa okLrfod fu;af=r kklu laLFkk dk vf/kdkj iznku djrs gSaA* vr% ;g LiV gS fd lk/kkj.k
eqfDr dh laHkkouk] tks bl izdkj dh vke ekQh ls gksxh] vktdy rks visf{kr ugha gSA bl izdkj] ;|fi izR;sd eqfDr laHkouh; ugha
gS] rFkkfi tSlkfd eSaus ij dgk gS] eqfDr ls lacaf/kr iz;klksa dk de&ls&de ,d Qy rks xkaB esa cka/kuk vo; laHko gksxk&og gS mu
iz;klksa dk uSfrd ifj.kke] tks jkV ij gksxkA tks gqrkRek toku rFkk ohj vius jkVh; ;q} esa [ksr jgs] mudk Lej.k jkV dks mRdVrk
ls gks vkSj muds dVksa ,oa gsrw ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr ,oa vkLFkk O;Dr djusokys bu iz;klksa ls jkV esa ml ;q} esa vafre fot; rd
la?kkZjr jgus ds mRlkg dk lapkj gksA mu lSfudksa dk] ftUgsa j.kHkwfe esa ohjxfr izkIr gks pqdh gS] d`rKrkiwoZd Lej.k djuk] uohu
lSfudksa dh Hkjrh djus dk vR;ar ifj.kkedkjd lk/ku gksrk gS] ,slh voLFkk esa cjh gksus ls D;k ykHk\
eqfDr ls Hkh D;k ykHk

tSlkfd ij mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] eSaus kklu laLFkk ds lq/kkj fok;d vius fopkj lwfpr djus ds fy, ekaVsX;w rFkk xoZuj tujy dks
vktdy tks fuosnu Hkstk gS] mlds izeq[k fo/ks; bl rjg Fks fd ;fn muds dgus ds vuqlkj lR; gh fganqLFkku esa dksbZ mkjnk;h kklu
laLFkk izLFkkfir djus dk fopkj gks] rks fQj ge jktcafn;ksa dks canhkkyk esa can j[kus dk dksbZ dkj.k ughaA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd fd
;fn kklu laLFkk esa ,sls lq/kkj gksa tks mkjnk;h lkk iznk;d gksa vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ugha dh tk, rks ;g cgqr nqdj gS fd og
ljdkj] ftlus yksxksa dk fookl [kks;k gS] dsoy mu lq/kkjksa }kjk vFkok ljdkjh eu%kqf} dks Hkkk.kksa }kjk gh iqu% izkIr dj ik,A
dsoy nslh LojkT; ls yksxksa ds ?kjokyksa esa vius bVtuksa ds fo;ksx ls QSys
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
351
vlarksk dk lewy fuewZyu ugha gksxkA ml nsk esa kkafr ,oa larksk dk okl gks gh dSls ldrk gS] ftlesa HkkbZ ls HkkbZ Nhu fy;k x;k gS]
krkf/kd] lgf/kd nskHkDr dkjkx`g dh dksbfj;ksa esa yksgs ds fiatjksa esa lM+ jgs gS a vFkok nsk dh lhek ikj futZuokl esa nj&nj dh
Bksdjsa [kkrs gq, HkVd jgs gSa vkSj gj nwljs ifjokj ls fdlh iq=] HkkbZ vFkok l[kk fe= ;k firk dks Nhu fy, tkus ls og fcNksg dh
e:Hkwfe esa vkdqfyr gksdj ty jgk gSA
Ikjarq foijhr i{k esa bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg, fd jktcafn;ksa dks dsoy cjh djus ds lkFk&lkFk ;fn dksbZ egoiw.kZ kklu
lq/kkj ugha fd, vkSj nkf;Roiw.kZ lkk dks ugha nh xbZ] rks risfnd dh og chekjh vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr oSls gh foQy gksxhA esjh
viuh eqfDr ds ekxZ esa ;g lR; vkM+s vk,xk] ;g tkurs gq, Hkh bZekunkjh ds lkFk fLFkfr dks LiV dj fn;k gS] D;ksafd cjh gksdj ml
nsk esa tkdj Hkh gekjk thou lql dSls gksxk] ;fn izxfr] fodkl ds gj jkLrs ij ^vfre.kdkfj;ksa ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk,xk*
r[rh Vaxh gksA tgka izR;sd vxyk ix mBkus ij LokfHkeku vkSj viuh /keZcqf} ij pksV iM+rh gks] ogka ladV esa iM+s fcuk pyuk dSls
laHko gksxk\ vr% nslh LojkT; rFkk jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr gksus ij Hkh eq>s cjh ugha fd;k x;k] rks Hkh eSa vlarqV ugha jgwaxkA blds
foijhr] ;fn eq>s eqDr djus ls jktcafn;ksa dks lk/kkj.kr% {kek ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS rks eq>s blh esa gkfnZd izlUurk gksxh fd eq>s
cjh u djrs gq, mu lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks] ftUgsa eqDr djuk laHko gS] ljdkj eqDr djsA ;fn esjs dFkukuqlkj ljdkj bl rjg nkf;Roiw. kZ
kklukf/kdkj vFkkZr~ de&ls&de mPp fof/keaMy esa ,slk ifj.kkedkjh cgqer ns] ftl ij fdlh jkT;&lfefr Council of State dk
iRFkj izR;sd oj esa vfHkkki ?kksyus ds fy, izLFkkfir u fd;k x;k gks] ,sls yksdi{kh; izfrfuf/k;ksa dks cgqer ns jgh gks vkSj ml
vf/kdkj&nku ds lkFk gh vksk jktcafn;ksa ds vesfjdk vkfn LFkkuksa ij vVds gq, gekjs fuokZflrksa ds lkFk lHkh jktnafMrksa dks cjh
djokus dh mnkjrk dk iznkZu dj jgh gks] rks de&ls&de eSa vkSj esjs tSls vU; dbZ canh bl rjg ds lafo/kku dks bZekunkjh ds lkFk
Lohdkj djsaxAs ;fn gekjs yksxksa dks vius izfrfuf/k ds :i esa gesa pquuk mfpr izrhr gqvk rks ftUgksaus vkt rd gekjs fok; esa dsoy
fo}sk gh /kkj.k fd;k vkSj vius dk;Z ,oa uhfr;ksa ls gekjs eu esa ek= frjLdkj gh mRiUu fd;k gS] mUgha fo/kkueaMyksa dk vius thou
ds ije /;s;kFkZ dej dldj lkeuk djsaxAs eSaus ;g izLrko ljdkj ds eu esa mRiUu vkkadk dks /;ku esa j[kdj lksn~ns;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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fd;k Fkk] D;kasfd ekaVsX;w lkgc ds ys[k esa yxHkx LiV :i ls bl rjg dk lwpd izu fd;k x;k gS fd D;k kafrdkjh bu lq/kkjksa dks
Lohdkj djsaxs\ ekaVsX;w lkgc ds bl rjg dh vkkk iznfkZr djrs gq, fd ;s lq/kkj vius /;s; ,oa egodka{kk dh iwfrZ ds fy, vuqdwy
gSa] vr% kafrdkjh vius iwoZorhZ Hk;adj ekxZ dk ifjR;kx djrs gq, kkafr ,oa mi;ksfxrk ds ekXkZ ij vk,axs] bl fo/kku ds mkjLo:i
ge ;g LiV djrs gSa fd D;k ek= ekuksjatukFkZ dksbZ vkx dh yiVksa ;k ladV ds tcM+ksa esa izosk djrk gS\ ;g fdafpr laHko gSA vkSj
;g rks mlls Hkh vf/kd laHko gS fd tks lPpk nskHkDr gS vkSj tks Hkwrn;k ls izsfjr gks x;k gS] og jDrikr] vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa dh
vifjgk;Zrk ls wj cuh jkT;kafr esa rc jax tkrk gS tc mlds fy, ,slk dksbZ oS/k ekxZ] tks vf/kd ykHknk;d] vf/kd fpjifj.kkeh]
vf/kd lqyHk] vf/kd la?kkZkwU; izxfr dk dksbZ ,slk oS/k constitutional ekxZ u [kqyk gks vkSj ml ij pyuk vlaHko gksA vFkkZr~ tc
jkT; ?kVuk gh ugha] fo/kku gh ugha] rc oS/k iz;klksa dh ckrsa djuk ek= etkd gh gSA ijarq tc baXySaM esa vFkok vesfjdk esa :<+ fdlh
kklu laLFkk esa ^jkT;kafr ,d khry iFk gS] ftlij xqykc ty fNM+dk gS]* bl rjg dh ckrsa djuk mlls Hkh vf/kd fueZe etkd gh
ugha] cfYd ,d vijk/k gSA
,slk gh vFkZijd ,oa fo/ks;ijd vkSj blh Hkkkk esa fy[kk vkosnu eSaus ekaVsX;w lkgc dks Hkstk gSA
ukeek= dh f}rh; Js.kh

rqeus fiNys i= esa iwNk Fkk fd eq>s ^f}rh; Js.kh* 74 esa izksUufr fey xbZ rks D;k&D;k lqfo/kk,a izkIr gks xbZA tsy ls ckgj tkus dh\
ughaA ys[ku lkexzh j[kus dh\ ughaA ca/kq ds lkFk jgus dh\ ughaA vifjgk;Z vkSj dBksj ifjJe ls eqfDr\ ughaA okWMZj gksus dh vFkok
dksBjh esa can u gksus dh\ ughaA eq>s vf/kd vPNk rFkk vknj;qDr O;ogkj izkIr gksus dh\ ughaA vf/kd i= Hkstus dh\ ughaA ?kj ls
HksaV izkIr djus dh\ uk th] ukA vU; yksx bldk ikap okksZ ds Ikpkr~ gh miHkks x dj ldrs gSa] eSa vkt dkjkokl ds vkBosa okZ esa gwa]
ijarq vHkh rd buesa ls ,d Hkh lqfo/kk eq>s izkIr ugha gSA rks fQj rqe dgksxs] ^HkbZ crkb,] vkidh f}rh; Js.kh esa rjDdh gksus dk
Hkyk D;k ykHk gqvk\* rks egkk;] ;gh og egku~ egoiw.kZ ykHk
74
vaneku esa ikap okksZa ds Ikpkr~ nwljh Js.kh esa c<+ksrjh feyus ij canh dks vf/kd lqfo/kk,a izkIr gksrh gSaA nl okksZa ds Ikpkr~ izFke
Js.kh esa c<+ksrjh feyus ij og Lora= ^fVdV* fudkydj vius ifjokj ds lkFk jg ldrk gSA lkojdj dks 12 uoacj] 1916 ds fnu
f}rh; Js.kh nh xbZA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
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gqvk fd rjDdh gks xbZA le>s Jheku MkWDVj ckcw\

;g ckr gqbZ dkjkxkjh; ck lqfo/kkvksa dhA ;g lc rc rd gh l Fkk tc rd esjk kkjhfjd LokLF; Bhd FkkA ijarq bl okZ esjs
Hkkx esa og Hkh nqLlg vkifk vk iM+h gS] D;ksafd esjk LokLF; rsth ls fxj jgk gSA rqe tkurs gh gks] eSa lglk bl rjg ugha fy[kwaxkA
ijarq vc ,slk fy[kuk eSa viuk drZO; le>rk gwaA eSa nkos ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fd nqHkkZX; ds fdrus Hkh dBksj vk?kkr gksa] xhrk dk
lk/kd rFkk esjk ca/kq lglk MkaokaMksy ugha gksxkA cky] izfrokZ ,d fnu rks bl dkjkxkj esa fueZy vkuannk;h izrhr gksrk gS] og fnu gS
?kj esa rqe yksxksa dks okfkZd i= Hkstus dkA ijarq ;|fi vkt rqEgsa i= fy[krs le; iwoZor~ mu lkjs fiz; n`;ksa dh rFkk Lusge; ewfrZ dh
d`rK Le`fr tkxzr~ gksdj eu izQqYy gks jgk gS] rFkkfi bl rjg ds i= fy[krs le; kjhj ij iM+rs ml lq[kn ruko dks >syus dh
kfDr Hkh ksk u jgus ls eu mldk iw.kZ vkuan ugha ys ik jgk gSA xr ekpZ eas esjk out 119 ikSaM FkkA bl okZ 18 ikSaM jg x;k gSA
vkekk; dk fodkj ;Fkkle; oS|dh; mipkj rFkk O;oLFkk u fd, tkus ds dkj.k gn ls vf/kd c<+ pqdk gSA nsg vc vfLFk&iatj cu
xbZ gSA vkB okZ eSaus ;g canhokl dk cks> <ks;k gSA vusd foinkvksa us] tks rqEgkjs fy, vKkr Fkh] cgqr gkFk&ikao ekjs vkSj Hk;]
/kedh Hkjs] orkiw.kZ vikCnksa] vkalqvksa rFkk mlkalksa ds mnkl ,oa nq%[kh dj nsusokys ml okrkoj.k esa ,slk izrhr gksrk fd dgha viuh
mnkk eukso`fk;ksa dh bfrJh rks ugha gks jghA ijarq bZoj us vkt rd eq>s bl fLFkfr esa Hkh vVy] vfMx lhuk rkudj [kM+s jgus dh
kfDr iznku dh gS vkSj eSa mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls nks&nks gkFk dj ldkA ijarq vc nsg }kjk >sys gq, dV gn ls vf/kd c<+ jgs gSa vkSj
fnu&c&fnu nsg lw[kdj dkaVk gks jgh gSA vktdy LokLF; Ik;Zos{kd Medical Superintendent vf/kdkjh esjs LokLF; dh vksj dqN
/;ku ns jgs gSaA ;|fi vc Hkh eq>s ^drZO;* vFkkZr~ dkjkxkjh; dke gh djuk iM+ jgk gS] rFkkfi vktdy eq>s <ax ls idk;k pkoy
rFkk nw/k feyus yxk gSA eq>s tks vkkadk gks jgh gS og ;g fnu&izfrfnu c<+rh ;g nqcZyrk dgha eq>s vanekuh dkjkxkj fLFkr ml
fpjifjfpr lkFkh dh rjg risfnd ds gkFk rks ugha lkSai nsxh\ cl] ,d gh ckr ls ml vkkadk dk lek/kku gksxk vkSj og gS ifjorZu]
QsjcnyA ijarq dkjkxkjh; ikfjHkkfkdh dk ifjorZu ugha] D;ksafd ml ifjHkkkk esa ifjorZu dk vFkZ gS] mlls Hkh vf/kd dVdj voLFkk]
cfYd ifjorZu&lq[kdj ifjorZu&vFkkZr~ fdlh fganqLFkkuh canhkkyk esa fdafpr~ LokLF;izn tyok;q ds LFkku ij Hkstk tkuk] D;ksafd ,djlrk
ls thou c x;k gSA fdarq rqe fpafrr ugha gksukA ;g fLFkfr dVizn rks gS] ij fu.kkZ;d ugha] D;kasfd canhkkyk dh thoV&o`fk foy{k.k
gksrh gSA og vius Hk{; dh cksVh&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
354
cksVh uksap ysrh gS] ij tku ls ugha ekjrhA O;Fkk iznku djrh gS] ij gR;k ugha djrhA loghu cukrh gS] ij uk ugha djrhA jk[k
djrh gS ij j[krh Hkh gS] /kqd/kqdh j[krh gSA vkSj ,sls cafn;ksa ds mnkgj.k nqyZHk ugha gSa tks thou dh vR;Yi laHkkouk gksrs gq, Hkh
vLlh cjlksa rd mls ?klhV jgs gSaA vr% kjhj Hkys fdruk gh nqcZy D;ksa u gks] rFkkfi ;g Hk; rqEgsa vkt Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg, fd
izk.kksa dks dqN gkfu gksxhA gka] ;fn chp esa dqN vizR;kfkr foink u [kM+h gks rksA
iqu% ;g lcdqN cl kjhj rd gh gSA ;|fi tyrh fprk esa lac} gksrs] vfXu gh galh mM+kusokyh okpk&ohjrk dk iz;kl djuk
migklkLin gS] rFkkfi eSa bruk gh dg ldrk gwa fd vkRek vc Hkh bl daifr ,oa fopfyr nsg dks vius gkFkksa esa j[kus esa leFkZ gSA
blls Hkh dVrj ,oa nh?kZdkyhu dfBukb;ksa ls Vdjkus ds fy, rS;kj gSA u dsoy pqipki] cfYd fuNyrkiwoZd rFkk fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk
lcdqN lgus ds fy, rS;kjA gekjs T;sB ca/kq dk LokLF; eq>ls vPNk gS] rFkkfi vk/kklhlh ds dkj.k mudk Hkh out ?kVdj 106 ikSaM
ij vk x;k gSA
vanekuh; i=ksa dk loZ= izpkj

bu dqN ifjPNsnksa ls] tks eSaus lu~ 1918 ds vxLr esa ljdkjh lEefr ls gh Hksts x,] vius dkjkx`gh; i=ksa ls mn~/k`r fd, x, gSa] ;g
Kku gksxk fd fdl izdkj eSa lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, iz;Rukhy Fkk vkSj esjh rkRdkfyd Hkkouk,a rFkk voLFkk dSlh FkhA esjs
vuqt us mifjfyf[kr i= dh krkf/kd izfr;ka jkVh; lHkk ds lHkh izfrfuf/k;ksa dks ckaVha] tks ml okZ ,df=r gq,A mlds dqN Hkkx
^ve`r cktkj if=dk*] caxkyh vkSj vU; vaxszth nSfudksa esa rFkk vusd izknsfkd Hkkkkvksa ds lekpkji=&if=dkvksa esa izdkfkr gq ,A esjh
LokLF; fok;d fpark ls yksxksa esa izpaM lgkuqHkwfr dk osx meM+ vk;k] ftlls jktcafn;ksa dh dVizn voLFkk dh vksj rhozrkiwoZd
lkoZtfud /;ku vkdfkZr gqvkA esjs ca/kq vkSj eSaus bu vkSj vU; ljdkjh rFkk var%LFk i=ksa }kjk vk;ksftr dk;Zeksa ds vuqlkj lrr
vkanksyu tkjh j[kkA yksxksa ds eu esa xqIr :i esa clh gqbZ jktcanh oxZ ls HkfDr vkSj izhfr vc /khjs&/khjs fuHkhZdrkiwoZd izdV :i esa
O;Dr gksus yxh gSA nks&pkj fe=ksa dh ckrksa esa vkdj eSa ;fn gM+rky esa dke djuk NksM+ nsrk rks bl volj ij ;g i= ljdkjh jhfr
ds vuqlkj Hkstuk vlaHko FkkA ijarq bl i= dh oLrqfLFkfr ljkdjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vuqefr ls gh vius HkkbZ dks lwfpr djuk laHko
gksus ls mls lR; le>uk rFkk mlds vk/kkj ij jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs nk:.k vR;kpkjksa dh dM+h vykspuk djuk mu usrkvksa rFkk i=ks a
dks Hkh laHko gqvk] tks vKkr vFkok var%LFk i=ksa dh tkudkjh ij
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
355
fuHkZj jgus ls Mjrs FksA ckn esa gesa Kkr gqvk fd bl i= dh izfr i<+rs gh dbZ usrkvksa dh vka[kkas ls Vi&Vi vkalw >jus yxsA ^ve`r
cktkj if=dk* esa Ôutrageous treatment of a political prisoner* khkZd ls Nik esjs i= ij vk/kkfjr ys[k dkjkxkj esa gekjs
izPNu Lusgh us gesa xqipqi Hkstk FkkA
ljdkj ds ek/;e ls og i= ogka tkus ls mlds fo/ks; dks foksk ego izkIr gqvk Fkk] rFkkfi ml i= esa ljdkjh izfrca/k ds vuq:Ik
dkjkxkjh; gM+rky vkSj vU; fNViqV ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh ugha nh tk ldh FkhA ;g deh iwjh djus ds fy, var%LFk i= Hkstuk
vfuok;Z gh FkkA vr% izFker% ,d i= fy[kdj mldh VkbIkjkbVj }kjk vusd izfr;ka fudkydj mUgsa Jh enu eksgu ekyfo;k] MkW - ,suh
cslsaV vkfn ize[q k usrkvksa rd rFkk fo/kkulHkk ds lnL;ksa dks gj tgkt }kjk nks&nks] pkj&pkj djds Hkstk x;kA os dqN igqaprh rks dqN
[kks Hkh tkrhA blds Ikpkr~ ,d lTtu] nqHkkZX;ok ftudk gky gh esa LoxZokl gksus ds dkj.k mudk ukefunsZk djus esa dksbZ vkifk
ugha] os MkW- nkeksnj fganqLFkku vkrs le; viuh vka[kksa ns[kh lkjh tkudkjh fy[kdj vaneku ls Lonsk ys vk,A U;w bafM;k vkSj vU;
,d&nks if=dkvksa esa vaneku ds jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr muds ys[k igys gh vukfed :i esa izfl} gks x, FksA vr% muij igys gh
vaneku esa lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh utj FkhA os Lora= izo`fk ds FksA gekjh laLFkk ds] ftldk ihNs mYys[k fd;k gS] os lnL; Fks vkSj mu
yksxksa esa ls Fks] ftUgksaus fujis{k Hkko ls jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk dhA dbZ yksxksa dks vkp;Z gksxk fd os enzkl ds vNwrksa esa ls ,d FksA
muds leku lqanj] izfrfBr] LokfHkekuh] lkglh rFkk Lora= izo`fk ds iq:k dks ns[kdj rRdky ;gh ckr eu dks pqHkrh fd bl rjg
fdrus gh drZÒ;kkyh iq:kksa ds drZÒ; fganw lekt viuh vLi`;rk ds vfHkkki rFkk Nki ls dqafBr djds lekIr djrs gq, vius jkV
dh kfDr {kh.k dh gSA MkW- nkeksnj tSls drZÒ;kkyh nskHkDrksa dks ns[kdj rqjar Kkr gksrk gS fd Li`; o.kZ nkarksa rys vaxqyh nck ysxkA
muds mPp vf/kdkjh Hkh muls ncdj jgrsA muds fo:} fkdk;rsa vkrh jgrhA fd jkg esa pyrs os fdlh ,sjs&xSjs xksjs O;fDr dks
jke&jke ugha djrsA nqHkkZX;ok ;s lTtu fganqLFkku esa vkrs gh Hkjs ;kSou esa ,ayq,atk dk fkdkj cu x,] rFkkfi mUgksaus igys og dk;Z
iwjk dj fn;k Fkk tks geus mudks lkSaik FkkA gekjs jktcanh fe=ksa ,oa ize[q k lgdfeZ;ksa esa ls ,d lTtu us Hkkuflag dh ekjihV ds
lkFk&lkFk gM+rky dh lkjh ?kVukvksa rd] cafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ ,d i= fy[kdj rS;kj fd;k FkkA mls mlus gesa
fn[kk;k vkSj geus tku&cq>dj dsoy vius ls lacaf/kr ;krukvksa dk mYys[k dkVdj ,d canh ds gkFk mls fganqLFkku Hkst fn;kA og canh
gekjh laLFkk esa kiFkc} gqvk Fkk vkSj vR;ar fooLr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
356
FkkA og viuk nl&ckjg cjlksa dh ltk dkVdj cjh gks jgk FkkA mlus viuh rykkh gksus ds ckotwn cM+h dqkyrk ls ml i= dks
laHkkydj fganqLFkku esa fufpr irs ij jokuk fd;kA i= igqapus ij Hkh ml vk/kkj ij izdkfkr djus esa lekpkj&i= fgpfdpkus yxsA
ijarq MkW- nkeksnj us fganqLFkku igaqprs gh usrkvksa ls HksaV dj O;fDrxr nkf;Ro ij muds xys mrkjk fd ml i= esa Hk;kud fn[kkbZ
nsusokyh ?kVuk,a furkar lR; gSaA og i= ^caxkyh* esa vkS j esjs vuqeku ls Û;w bafM;k* esa Hkh iwjk&dk&iwjk izdkfkr gks x;kA rc Lonsk
esa jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ij gks&gYyk gqvk] ftlls vaneku dk izu lHkh nskizsfe;ksa dh vka[k dh fdjfdjh cu x;kA ml i=
ds izdkfkr gksrs gh vkSj Lonsk esa tkx`fr gksus ij fganqLFkku ljdkj ls Hkh iwNrkN dh xbZ vkSj ;Fkkiw.kZ vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkkjh
[kycyh ep xbZA
b/kj /kS;Ziow Zd gM+rky tkjh gh FkhA tks gM+rky esa lfEefyr Fks vkSj tks gV~Vs&dV~Vs canh FksA mUgsa izfrfnu ikzIr gksusokyk Hkjiwj Hkkstu
Hkh viz;kZIr gksrk Fkk] ij vc mUgsa naMLo:i ml Hkkstu ls Hkh de ek=k esa Hkkstu feyus yxkA mldh vkiwfrZ djus ds fy, gekjs
lgk;d canh yksx] okWMZj rFkk isVh vQlj Hkh var&LFk jhfr ls dkjkxkj ds ukfj;y ds cM+s dkj[kkus ls Fkkfy;ka Hkj&Hkjds ukfj;y ds
VqdM+s mu gM+rkfy;ksa dh dksBfj;ksa esa igqapkrsA izfr fnu nks&rhu fnuksa ds Ipkr~ ,dk/k nSfud vFkok lkIrkfgd i= gesa var&LFk jhfr ls
izkIr gksrkA og Hkh cM+h euksjatd ?kVuk gksrhA izFke og lekpkj&i= dkjkx`g ds }kj ds Hkhrj fdlh ukyh ls vFkok fdlh ds dkV ij
flyk;k tkrk vFkok dwM+kxkM+h dh fdlh QV~Vh ds uhps ncdj ;k fdlh lkglh O;fDr dh tsc esa [kqysvke ?kqlrk gqvk izosk djrkA
mlds Ikpkr~ volj feyrs gh og gekjh bekjr esa vk tkrkA i=okgd b/kj&m/kj loZFkk dke esa O;Lr gksdj pDdj dkVrk jgrkA
;g ns[kus ij fd ljdkjh dke og bruh bZekunkjh ds lkFk ikao rksM+dj dj jgk gS] gekjs yksx Hkkai ysrs fd dnkfpr~ Mkd vk xbZ gSA
fQj os mlds ekXkZ ij ml bekjr dh lyk[kksa ds ikl xqipqi [kM+s jgrsA ge gM+rky esa u gksus ds dkj.k dksBjh ds vkxs cjkens esa can
FksA ge mu lyk[kksa ds ikl ;aw gh [kM+s jgrsA igpku gksrs gh fdlh lqfo/kktud LFkku ij lyk[kksa ls og canh] tks xksys dh Vksdfj;ka
ysdj kh?kZrkiwoZd pDdj dkVrk gksrk vFkok ^pyks dke djks] cSBs gSa fuxksM+s* dgrk gqvk cafn;ksa ij jksc tekrk gqvk viuk dke esa
O;Lr gksrk] >V ls lyk[kksa ds vanj i= Mky nsrkA
i= feyrs gh ge nks&rhu gksa rks mlds rhu NksVs VqdM+s djrs] D;ksafd dksbZ vk tk, rks bruk yack i= fNikuk dfBu FkkA fQj ml i=
ds VqdM+s nh;s ds ihNs] fdlh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
357
Nsn esa nhokj esa tgka lk/; gks] m/kj fNikrs gq, ,d&,d VqdM+k fudkydj i<+rs tSls dksbZ pkSik;k le; feyrs gh vk/kk dPpk fuxyk
gqvk pkjk mxydj iqu% /khjs&/khjs tqxkyh djrk gSA tc ,d i<+us yxrk rc nwljk igjk nsrkA blds Ikpkr~ iafDr;ka i<+us i<+us ij
rqjar mruk gh VqdM+k QkM+dj mls fxat&elydj ml o`k iBu dk;Z dk vafre i= ^foukk [kkrk foHkkx* ds vf/kdkjh rd tkrk vkSj
og rqjr
a lkjk >esyk ikuh esa ?kksydj iqu% mldk yksank cukdj Qsad nsrkA D;ksafd oSls gh Qsad ns vkSj ml i= ds uke dk gh VqdM+k
fdlh ds gkFk yx tk, rks ,d ?kaVs ds vanj&vanj i= ikusokys Lokeh dk irk yx tkrk] vFkkZr~ pkjksa vksj ls gkgkdkj eprkA bl
rjg ls og i= i<+dj mlesa izkIr tkudkjh la{ksi esa fy[kdj ,d dkjkxkjh; fpV~Bh dk lekpkj&i= fl} gksrkA fQj ml fnu la/;k
gksus rd og ,e bekjr ls nwljh bekjr esa ?kqerk jgrkA dksBjh esa fdlh us i= fn;k rks okWMZj ds Qsjs yxkrs le; ml mtkys esa
O;Fkk >syrs gq, i<+rsA ,d&nks ckj mlh le; vf/kdkjh ds vkus dh ckjh vk tkus ls og rkyk [kksydj bekjr esa izosk djrk vkSj
dkxt pckdj fuxy tkrkA dksBjh esa can yksx bl dkjkxkjh; fpV~Bh ds lekpkj&i= dh izrh{kk esa jgrsA ml ij os ;q} ds fnu FksA
gj dksbZ lekpkj nsrkA tks fkf{kr gksrs] os lekpkj ij gh larqV u jgrs gq, i= dh pkj iafDr;ka gh lgh] ijarq Nik gqvk VqdM+k
ekaxrsA ijarq bl rjg ds egoiw.kZ VqdM+s NksVh xsaMqjh cukdj ukfj;y ds dwM+s esa [kksaldj izR;sd bekjr esa Hkstus iM+rsA gM+rky ds
dkj.k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dM+s cankscLr ds ckotwn vkSj dkys yksxksa ij fookl de gksus ls gj bekjr esa xksjs lSfudksa ds igjs ds ckotwn
bl izdkj ;q} dh okkkZ,a izfrfnu LkHkh dks igqapkus dh O;oLFkk FkhA ifjp; gksrs&gksrs mu xksjs lSfudksa esa ls dqN brus feyulkj rFkk
lgkuqHkwfrizo.k fudys fd gesa kiFkiwoZd dgus dk lkgl ugha gksrk fd mUgksaus Hkh lekpkj ugha fn, vFkok lekpkj&i= ugha fn[kk,A
fQj mudk Hkh rcknyk fd;k tkrkA iqu% ogha e] D;kasfd euq; LoHkko gh dqN ,slk gSA
fxM++fxM+kus esa Hkh fuiq.k

brus lkjs xM+cM+>kys esa dHkh&dHkh i= vFkok i=okgd ;k i=&ikBd idM+k Hkh tkrkA fQj mldks viuk eq[k ns[kus yk;d cukuk
iM+rkA nknk] ckck] teknkj lkg&bl rjg bu x/kksa dks Hkh cki cukdj BsB ckjh rd fxM+fxM+krs gq, ml i=okgd canh dks NqM+kus dk
iz;kl djuk iM+rkA nks&pkj ckj ckjh us nzfor gksdj i= NksM+ fn, FksA ;g ckr ckjh ds izfr d`rKrk iznfkZr djus ds fy, ftl rjg
dguk mfpr gS] mlh rjg ;g fl} djus ds fy, Hkh fd fxM+fxM+kus dh dyk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
358
esa ge fdrus fuiq.k gks x, Fks] ;g crkuk Hkh mruk gh mfpr gSA vPNk] brus ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k gh x;k rks ^pyrk gSA * ,d ckj
blh rjg ,d i= idM+k x;k vkSj gesa gFkdM+h esa lkr 75 fnuksa rd yVduk iM+kA ml le; ckjh vk;k vkSj gddfM+;ka fn[kkdj
mlus O;aX; dlk] ^^;s D;k gS\** geus dgk] ^^;g iksLVst gSA** mlus dgk] ^^rfud egaxk iM+k u\** geus dgk] ^^th ughaA ,dne
lLrkA vkidks lekpkj&i= ysuk gks rks kqYd nsuk iM+rk gS vkSj mlds lkFk iks LVst HkhA gesa dkjkxkj esa fu%kqYd lekpkj&i= ffeyrs
gSaA cl] dHkh&dHkh bl rjg vkB fnu gFkdfM+;ksa dk iksLVst nsuk iM+rk gSA ;gh gS Mkd O;;A iqu% Ng eghuksa rd fu%kqYd i=A**
mu jktcafn;ksa dk] tks gFkdfM+;ksa] csfM+;ksa dh ekj ds uhps Ng&Ng eghuksa rd dks Bjh&can gq, Fks] LokLF; gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k FkkA
,d&nks esa rks risfnd ds y{k.k LiV n`fVxkspj gksus yxsA vaneku esa izk;% yksx risfnd ds gh fkdkj cursA mu lqn`<+ LoLFk] nh?kZdk;
fdlku ,oa Jethoh ljnkjksa esa Hkh rsifnd ds gh fkdkj gksus dh vkkadk fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA ,d&nks tuksa us rks dksBjh&canh dks vlguh;
tkudj ;g lwfpr fd;k fd efLrd dk larqyu fcxM+us ds vklkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxs gSa] ijarq izFke Ng eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ Hkh ^vkxs
gM+rky tkjh j[kus dh* mudh thoV o`fk oSlh gh fLFkj FkhA fQj Hkh geus viuh uhfr ds vuqlkj viuk fup; crk;k fd gM+rky
tSls rkRdkfyd vkanksyu esa ,sl JsB nskHkDrksa dks cfy ugha p<+k;k tk ldrkA geus dgk fd gM+rky tkjh j[kuh gh gS rks os u,
canh] ftUgsa igys gM+rky esa lfEefyr ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] dke NksM+dj dksBjh esa tk,a vkSj tks Fkds&ekans gSa vkSj ftuds LokLF; esa
xM+cM+ dh vkkadk LiV fn[kkbZ nsus yxh Fkh] os dksBjh ls ckgj vkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fn, x, gyds&Qqyds dke djsa vkSj rfud
foJke djsaA dkQh ppkZ rFkk fojks/k ds Ikpkr~ var esa os n`<+ifz rK yksx gM+rky NksMu
+ s ds fy, rS;kj gks x, vkSj mlds lHkh vuqlkj
lHkh us iqu% dke djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ihNs dgk gh gS fd Ng eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ ml jktiwr ;qod us rFkh vUu xzg.k fd;kA
gM+rky lekfIr ds Ikpkr~ vf/kdkfj;ksa dks jkgr fey xbZA bl fuR; fu;fer gM+rky ds dkj.k dkjkx`g esa vc vf/kdkfj;ksa dk bruk
ncnck ugha jgk ftruk igys FkkA Ik;Zos{kd vFkok ckjh ds vkus ij Hkh ;s jktcanh izR;sd bekjr esa cSBs gh jgrs] gFkdfM+;ka yxokdj
[kM+k djok;k tk, rks og cyiwoZd fd;k gqvk lEeku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gh vieku ls vf/kd Dysknk;h izrhr gksrkA blds vfrfjDr bl
rjg ls] vkSj fokskr% bl vafre gM+rky ls dkjkx`gh; O;oLFkk dks vkfFkZd pksV Hkh igaqprh FkhA blds vfrfjDr nsk esa eph [kycyh]
fganqLFkku ljdkj ls gksusokys
75
8 twu] 1914 ls 15 twu] 1914 rdA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
359
izu&izfrizzuksa ds mkj nsrs jgus rFkk izlaxksikk Hk; ds dkj.k vf/kdkjh gM+rky ls c x;s FksA ;g ,d ekax fd jktcafn;ksa ls jktcanh
tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tk,] dks NksM+dj fganqLFkku ljdkj }kjk bl gM+rky ls igys dh gqbZ izk;% lHkh fNViqV ijarq egoiw.kZ ekaxs Lohd`r
gks xbZA nh?kZ i= Hkstuk] fl[kksa dks flj /kksus ds fy, ehBk ikuh] lkcqu&rsy feyuk] Hkkstu esa lq/kkj] dke dh vR;f/kd l[rh u djuk
vkfn lqfo/kk,a fey xbZA gM+rky dk izeq[k mn~ns; vaneku dh ihM+k dk izfrokn vkSj iz frdkj djuk Fkk] ftldk fganqLFkku esa vlj
gksrkA ;g rks lk/; gks gh x;kA ;|fi gM+rky dh ekax ds vuqlkj Hkkuflag dh ekjihV ds fy, izR;{k iwNrkN ds ckn Hkh ckjh nafMr
ugha gqvk] rFkkfi ,d rks ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa ls mldh bruh iwNrkN gks xbZ fd ml vk{ksi ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, mls cgqr gkFk&ikao
ekjus iM+s] nwljh ckr ;g gS fd ;g fganqLFkkukarxZr lafo/kku eaMy rFkk iszl dk dke Fkk fd og ,d vf/kdkjh dh izR;{k iwNrkN djus
ds fy, ljdkj dks ck/; djsA dkjkxkj esa tdM+s gq, jktcafn;ksa us mruk izfrdkj dj fy;k Fkk] ftruk os dj ldrs FksA
bl gM+rky ds Ikpkr~ vf/kdkfj;ksa dk O;ogkj cgqrkak esa <qyeqy gks x;kA igys bl rjg O;ogkj gksrk Fkk] jktcanh dks idM+k vkSj
dksYgw esa Bwal fn;kA ijarq vc fiNyh gM+rky vkSj izfrdkj ds dkj.k os rfud uje gks x,A ;q}dky esa vk, g, krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa esa
gV~Vs&dV~Vs] lqn`<+ yksxksa dks Hkh dksYgw ij vf/kd ugha yxk;k x;kA tgka fNydk iwjk djokus esa dfBukbZ gksrh] ogka dksYgw ij vf/kd
ugha yxk;k x;kA tgka fNydk iwjk djokus esa dfBukbZ gksrh] ogka dksYgw dk uke ysuk gh O;FkZ gSA bl p[kp[k ls cdj tks Hkh djuk
gS djks] ij dqN&u&dqN dke rks djks] fcYdqy Bsaxk er fn[kkukA bl rjg LiV dgdj vf/kdkjh fnu dkVus yxsA ;fn fNyds ds fy,
p[kp[k u djrs rks os iqu% dksYgw ij yxk nsrsA blls iwoZ dksYgw gh ugha ijarq vf/kd fnu ;fn dksbZ gM+rky djrk vFkok Qlkn [kM+k
djrk rks ckjh jLlh dk dke Hkh c<+krkA ,d ckj blh rjg kkafr ns[kdj mlus jLlh dk dke izR;sd ds fy, pkj ikSaM c<+kus dk
iz;kl fd;k] tks igys rhu ikSaM gh cVrs vkSj fQj iwjk fnu i<+rs jgrsA bl rjg ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;g p[kp[k izk;% lgh jkLrs ij
ys vkrhA
ckjh grkk gks x;k

ijarq bl gM+rky ls ckjh Fkd x;kA fganqLFkku rd mldh cnukeh gks xbZ FkhA vkf[kj ljdkj Hkh mldh vksj lafnX/k n`fV ls ns[kus
yxh] vkSj jktcafn;ksa dk og oxZ rks] ftls NksVh&eksVh lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSa] bruk fljp<+k gks x;k Fkk fd iksVZ Cysv j ds Hkxoku~ dh
dkjkxkj esa izfrBk vkSj /kkd vc ,d iRFkj ls vf/kd ugha jg xbZ FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa og loZFkk rVLFk gks x;kA og LiV dg nsrk]
^HkkM+ esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
360
tk, og ljdkjh ncnck! Cl] cps&[kqps fnu tSl&s rSls dV x, fd xaxk ugk,A* blls iwoZ gesa izR;sd gM+rky esa ogh ekaxs djrs gq,
ns[kdj og dgrk] ^D;ksa lkojdj] fQj ogh ekaxsa! Ikj vkidk ;g iz;kl iRFkj dh nhokj ij viuh flj QksM+uk gSA* vc mUgha ekaxksa esa
ls dbZ ekaxas ipkrs&ipkrs ;gka rd igqapus ij ge ckjh ls dgrs ^gekjh ;g thoV o`fk ns[ksa] tks ckj&ckj ogha ekaxsa nksgjk jgh gS vkSj
var esa vki ns[ksaxs fd ogh izo`fk viuk flj QksMr
+ h gS ;k nwljs dkA jktcafn;ksa dks vktdy cjlksa ls ftldk nkZu ugha gqvk] og
dksYgw dh crk,xk fd vkt rd rks og izofk vdkjFk ugha xbZA*
;q} ds Ikpkr~ vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa dks vc vf/kd Lora=rk vkSj db;ksa dks vU; cafn;ksa dh ns[kjs[k vFkok ,sls dke fn, x, fd os
[kqysvke ?kwe ldsaA fokskr% tks gM+rky dh vksj mUeq[k ugha gksrs vFkok viuk&viuk dke djds pqi cSB tkrs] mudh ukd dh lh/k esa
pyus dh lknxh dh vksj /;ku nsdj ljdkj }kjk mUgsa iqLrd cka/kuk] dkj[kkuksa] Nkis[kkuksa esa lqfo/kktud dke nsuk vkfn vf/kdkj
izksRlkgukFkZ fey tkrsA gM+rky vkSj p[kp[kckth dk ;g ,d egoiw.kZ mi;ksx gSA mlls ;|kfi mudks tks >xM+k dj jgs gSa] Hkys gh
ykH u gks rFkkfi mu jktcafn;ksa dks] tks >xM+s ds ipM+s esa ugha iM+rs] ^lh/ks* vkpjk.k dk dqN&u&dqN Qy feyrk gh vkSj mlls dq N
jktcanh lkis{kr% Bhd&Bkd fLFkfr esa jgrs FksA de&ls&de ljdkj mUgsa ^lqkhy* le>s] blds fy, fdlh&fdlh dks ^paMkhy* gksuk
vo; Fkk] vU;Fkk mu lqkhyksa dks Hkh rhu ikSaM ds cnys pkj ikSaM jLlh cVuh iM+rhA
blh nkSjku ;q} dk igyk Lo:i cny x;k FkkA vc teZuh dk igyk Tokj mrjrk tk jgk Fkk vkSj mldh rqyuk esa cafn;ksa dh meM+rh
vkkkvksa dk mcky Hkh BaMk iM+us yxk FkkA ckn esa tks jktcanh Fks] muesa Hkh dqN yksx ,sls Fks tks lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh rjg n`<+ fookl
j[krs Fks fd dy gh cjh gks tk,axsA gM+rky ls iwoZ Ik;Zos{kd tc naM Bksadrk] ^Ng ekg csMh+ ]* rc mlh txg dbZ Hkksys&Hkksys jktcanh
mlls dgrs] ^tk&tk] Ng eghus rd rqEgkjk jkt FkksM+s gh fVdusokyk gS \* vius bl lkfFk;ksa ls eSa izkFkZuk djrk] ^Hkkb;ksa] ,sls [k;kyh
iqyko er idkuk] vU;Fkk dnkfpr~ fujkkk dh izfrf;k lgh ugha tk,xhA ;fn le; vk gh x;k] rks os vo; tk,axs] ijarq mlij
fuHkZj er jgukA mldk fup; u j[krs gq, ;gha la?kkZ djrs gq, ejus dk ladYi j[kksA bl vkkk ls fd vaxsztksa dk jkt ,d ;k nks
lIrkg esa ukeksk gksxk] taxy dh vkx nkokuy dh rjg HkM+ds gq, ml canh txr~ esa eq>s ,d n`<+] ifjiDo fopkj dk o`} feyk] tks
dgrk Fkk] ^tkvks&tkvks! vaxszth dk jkt dHkh ugha tk ldrkA* ;g gR;kjk cM+k lkglh FkkA mlus rhu ckj vaneku ls Hkkxus dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
361
iz;kl fd;k Fkk vkSj mlls iwoZ ,d ckj og nl okZ dk naM Hkqxrdj cjh gks x;k FkkA ij cjh gksrs gh vius k=q dh] tks mlds igys
naM dk dkj.k Fkk] gR;k djds vktUe dkjkokl Hkqxrus vaneku vk;k Fkk vkSj rhljs iz;kl esa lQy gksdj vaneku ls f[kld x;kA
ukSdk esa lokj gksdj eghuk Hkj vdsyk lkxj esa HkVdrk jgk FkkA var esa enzkl ds fdukjs yxrs&yxrs idM+k x;kA bl rjg vusd
fujkkkvksa ls ml ij fujkkk dk Hkwr lokj Fkk] tSls vU; cafn;ksa ij vkkk dkA dksbZ Hkh ^vaxsztksa ds kklu dk vLr gksxk* dgs rks og
>qa>yk mBrk vkSj rko [kkrs gq, dgrk] ^,sls rhu ;q} eSaus ns[ks gSa vkSj ipkl ckj lquk gS fd vaxsztksa dk kklu ugha jgsxkA ijarq lc
feF;k gSA ek= pkykdh] dkab;kaiu ls vaxsztksa dk kklu dHkh tkusokyk ughaA tks dksbZ mlds tkus dh ckr dgrk gS og lkyk a a
agSA* bl rjg dh xkyh nsrkA ijarq ;fn dksbZ ;g le>s fd mlds eu esa vaxzsth vFkok muds kklu ds izfr jkh Hkj Hkh isze Fkk] og
Hkwy djsxkA ,d ckj rks og vaxsztksa ls izfrkks/k ysus ds fy, ,d Hk;adj d`R; djus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;k FkkA
lR;kxzgh jkej{kk dh e`R;q

bl gM+rky ds e/; ,d iatkch czk.k dh] ftldk uke jkej{kk Fkk] e`R;q dh nq?kZVuk ?kVhA ;s lTtu phu] tkiku vkfn LFkyksa dh ;k=k
djrs&djrs jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa ds ny esa lekfoV gksdj L;ke] jaxwu esa fonzksg djus rFkk QkSth flikfg;ksa dks cgdkus ds kM;a= esa nafMr
gq, FksA ogka Hkh mUgsa vR;f/kd ;a=.kk,a lguh iM+hA vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa ikao j[krs gh mUgksaus ns[kk fd czk.kksa ds xys ls ;Kksiohr
mrkjk tk jgk gSA os Lo;a fonsk ds eqjCch vkSj cz laLdkjksa dks gh /keZ le>us dh ladqfprrk ls vR;f/kd izxYHk fopkjksa ds FksA ijarq
mUgsa ;g ckr v[kjh fd fdlh dks Hkh mldh bPNk ds fo:} mldk /keZfp mrkjus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tk,A vr% mUgksaus viuk
;Kksiohr fudkyus ds fy, LiV kCnksa esa euk dj fn;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa us ,slh ckrksa esa Hkh viuh ew[kZrk dh gsdM+h trkdj mls nqRdkj
fn;kA ml /kkfeZd vieku ds izfooknkFkZ jkej{kk us kiFk yh fd tc rd ;Kksiohr ugha] rc rd eSa vUu xzg.k ugha d:axkA vUu gh
ugha] og ty rd xzg.k ugha djrkA futZy rFkk fujUUk&bl rjg dBksj ozr dk ikyu djrs gq, ;g ohj dbZ fnuksa rd viuh dksBjh
esa iM+k jgkA var esa dksbZ ianzg fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ ukd esa ufydk Mkydj mls cykr~ vUu fn;k tkus yxkA bls Hkh eghuk gks x;kA
;KksiohrkFkZ tw>rs gq, ej.k izfrKk ds lkFk ;g czk.k la?kkZjr jgkA blls iwoZ fd, gq, vR;kpkjksa rFkk fujkkk ls mldh Nkrh esa rhoz
osnuk,a gksus yxhA MkWDVj us lwfpr fd;k fd mls
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
362
risfnd dh chekjh gks xbZ gSA lHkh dgrs] ^vc rqe vUu xzg.k djksA* ijarq og Vl&ls&el ugha gks jgk FkkA e`R;q ds }kj ij cSB
x;kA geus vius gkFkksa ls fy[kdj mls fpV~Bh HksthA var esa egRiz;kl ls vUu xzg.kkFkZ mls jkth fd;kA ijarq nqHkkZX;ok gn ls c<+rk
gqvk fodkj Bhd u gksrs gq, ,d&nks eghuksa esa gh ml czk.k ohj dks ohjxfr izkIr gks xbZA
ijarq mldk ;g dkaM ogha ij nck ugha jgk] varr% mldk lekpkj ofjB vf/kdkjh] fganqLFkkuh iszl vkSj var esa dkjkx`g dh tkap ds
fy, fu;qDr eaMy dehku rd igqapk, tkus ls czk.kksa dks dkjkx`g esa ;Kksiohr iguus dk vf/kdkj fey x;k] 76 ijarq bl ekewyh
vf/kdkjkFkZ Hkh ,d czk.k dks cfy p<+uk iM+kA vktdy lHkh dkjkx`gksa esa u dsoy czk.k cafn;ksa dks izR;qr loZiFa kh; cafn;ksa dks vius
vR;ko;d /keZfp j[kus dh vuqefr izkIr gSA
tSls&tSls ;q} dk var lehi vkus yxk oSl&s oSls teZuh dh gkj LiV gksus yxhA rc iwoZ teZuh ds fojks/k esa feF;k fot; ds lekpkj
nsus dk izlax tSls vaxsztksa dks vPNk yxrk] mlh rjg feF;k thr dh dkYifud xi mM+kdj ml ij viuh rhoz fujkkk dh /kkj HkksFkjh
djuk cafn;ksa dks lqgkrkA canh vaxzstksa dh gkj dks fry dk rkM+ cukdj izLrqr djrs FksA ;q}ksijkar ,d&nks okksZa esa vaxsztks a dks cafn;ksa dks
i= i<+us dh vuqefr nsuk gh vf/kd bV izrhr gqvk] D;ksafd lekpkj&i=ksa esa de&ls&de yanu thrkA ykgkSj esa vehj dk vkxeu
vkfn vn~Hkqr ?kVuk,a rks dksbZ ugha NkisxkA blh le; ge jktcafn;ksa dks vkar% mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ds fy, vkSj vakr% blfy, fd gesa
lekpkj&i= nsdj dqN rks gekjk euksjt
a u gks] rkRdkfyd le>nkj Ik;Zos{kd ^yanu VkbEl* dk lkIrkfgd laLdj.k gh dkjkx`g esa gesa
ljsvke nsrkA var esa ;g lqudj fd rqdhZ dh gkj gks xbZ] e>s rks cM+k larksk gqvkA ;g lekpkj eqlyeku rks NksfM+,] dbZ jktcafn;ksa
dks Hkh] tks jktuhfr ls loZFkk vifjfpr gSa& vPNk ugha yxk] ijarq ckn esa mUgsa og ckr le> esa vkbZA teZuh ds lekpkj eSa ;FkkrF;
o.kZu djrk] ijarq ;s vfiz; lekpkj lqudj os lqukusokyksa ij vka[ksa rjsjrsA vPNk lekpkj iwNs fcuk rks muls jgk ugha tkrkA dHkh
eSaus dgk] êSa ugha nsrk dksbZ lekpkjA rqe yksxksa ds larksk ds fy, feF;k lekpkj nsuk eSa xyr le>rk gwaA fQj os fxM+fxM+kus yxrsA
,sls le; mu cafn;ksa dks teZuksa dh gkj ,oa rqdksaZ dh gkj dk vlyh vFkZ le>kus ds fy, eSaus mudh lkIrkfgd lHkk esa ,d&nks ckj
;gh fok; fy;k FkkA ew[kZ dk LoHkko gksrk gS] tc vuqdwy lekpkj gks rHkh mls lquukA kwj rFkk drZÒ;kkyh iq:k izFke izfrdwy
lekpkj lquuk pkgrk gS] rkfd izfrdwy dk
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Ekqlyekuksa dks nk<+h j[kus rFkk fl[kksa dks cky j[kus dh vuqKk blls iwoZ gh fey pqdh FkhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
363
rqjar lkeuk dj ldsA usiksfy;u cksukikVZ dh vkKk Fkh fd dksbZ Hkh izfrdwy lekpkj gks rks mls rqjr
a ] vk/kh jkr dks Hkh] txk;k tk,]
vuqdwy gks rks uhan [kqyus ds Ikpkr~ lwfpr fd;k tk,A ml ij Hkh vuqdwy lekpkj lquus ;ksX; riL;k vHkh rd fganqLFkku us ugha
dhA vHkh fdrus lkjs izfrdwy lekpkj lquus gSaA lR; gS u! rks fQj izfrdwy gksus ij Hkh mldk lkeuk djuk pkfg,a izkphudky esa
jktk&egkjktkvksa dks ;fn dksbZ iq= tUe dh lwpuk nsus vkrk rks mls lksus dk dM+k fn;k tkrkA ijarq ,sls yksxksa dks ijkt; dk lekpkj
rc Kkr gksxk tc k=q gh ?kj esa ?kqldj mudh Nkrh ij lokj gks tk,A Hkyk bl rjg ds ikS:k ls dSls pysxk\ bl rjg ge
le>k&cq>kdj lHkh cafn;ksa dks gkj ds lekpkj lqudj kkafr ds lkFk mudh ppkZ djus dk vH;kl Hkh cafn;ksa esa izk;% lHkh le>nkj
yksxksa dks gks x;kA /khjs&/khjs lHkh us bl ckr ij Hkh /;ku fn;k fd rqfdZLrku dh gkj ls fganqLFkku ds eqlyekuksa dh egodka{kk us tks
foijhr] nsk fo?kkrd eksM+ fy;k gqvk Fkk] og le; ij gh mrjus esa lgk;d gksxkA ;g lHkh dh le> esa vkus yxkA fQj Hkh vU;
cafn;ksa ij gh ugha jktcafn;ksa ij Hkh ;q} ds ifj.kkeksa dh FkksM+h&cgqr izfrf;k gksrh xbZA dqN yksx mlds dkjkxkj dh dksBjh esa gh can
iM+s jgs vkSj muds LokLF; ij mldk vifjgk;Z izHkko gks x;kA vaneku dh LokLF; fo?kkrd tyok;w ls mu lqn`<+ ,oa gV~Vs& dV~Vs
jktcafn;ksa dk] tks ckn esa vk, Fks vkSj kkjhfjd ifjJe ls vifjfpr Fks] LokLF; Hkh fxj x;kA rhu&pkj okksZa ds vanj gh cM+s&cM+s
Hkhedk; iatkch Hkh risfnd ds fkdkj gks x,A dksbZ vepwj gks x;k] fdlh dks vfrlkj] nLr us ttZj dj fn;k] dksbZ vkRegR;k dh
ekyk tius yxkA rhu&pkj fl[k ca/kq risfnd ls gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus py clsA ml le; gesa Hkh blh fodkj ds lansgok mlh
:X.kky; esa j[kk x;k FkkA ,sls kwj rFkk mnkj nskizsfe;ksa dks ;wagh QVkQV ne rksM+rs ns[kdj dystk QV tkrkA vk;;Z ;gh fd tgka
rhu&pkj okksZa ds Hkhrj ,sls gV~Vs&dV~Vs cyoku yksxksa dk vfLFk&iatj cu x;k ;k ek= gf;ksa dk <kapk jg x;k] ogka ge vkB&ukS
cjl rd dSls fVds jg lds\
iqutZUe ysdj okil ykSVwaxk

,d caxkyh ;qod] ftldk uke T;ksrhkpanz iky Fkk] ;q} ds fnuksa ckfjlky vk jgh j.kukSdk dh ekxZ&izrh{kk esa cSBs jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa dh
iqfyl ls tks izR;{k eqBHksM+ gqbZ] mlesa xksyh ls vkgr gks x;k FkkA ;s caxkyh jkT;kafrdkjh ckfjlky esa teZuh ls vL=&kL=ksa ds lkFk
vk jgh j.kukSdk dh izrh{kk dj jgs FksA T;ksrhkpanz
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
364
dks blds Ikpkr~ vktUe dkjkokl] }hikarj dk naM feyk FkkA gM+rky ds fnuksa esa dksBjh can gksus ls ,d fnu la/;k le; mls Hkkstu
ijksldj flikgh dksBjh can djus yxkA T;ksrhkpanz us dgk] dksBjh es a kkSp fd;k gqvk xeyk oSls gh Hkjk iM+k gSA igys mls fudkyks]
fQj Hkkstu Hkhrj ys tkaxkA ihNs crk;k gh gS fd dksBjh esa canh dks xeys esa VV~Vh djuh iM+rh FkhA flikgh us dgk&vc Hkhrj
tkvksA mlh dgk&lquh esa mls cyiwoZd Hkkstu lfgr dksBjh esa can djds flikgh vkSj teknkj pys x,A ckjh us Hkh fcYdqy dku ugha
fn;kA nksigj dks fd, x, kkSp ds eVds dks fljkgus ds ikl lgrs gq, T;ksrhk dks jkr Hkj ml ladjh lh lM+ka/k Hkjh dksBjh esa jguk
iM+kA jktcafn;ksa ds fy, ;g dksbZ igyk izlax ugha FkkA ijarq T;ksrhk ckcw dh lgukfDr dh VwVrh Mksj dks ;g >Vdk vlguh; izrhr
gqvkA mUgksaus rikd ls Hkkstu dh Fkkyh Qsad nh vkSj vUu R;kx fn;kA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa mls [kwu ds nLr gksus yxsA os :X.kky; esa vk
x,A vUUkxzg.kkFkZ ge muls vuqjks/k dj gh jgs FksA var esa izR;{k HksaV gksus ij muds xys iM+dj gh muls vUu xzg.k djok;kA ijarq
mlls VwVh gqbZ Mksjh iqu% gkFk ugha yxh] u gh og tqM+ ldhA ml jkr ls mudk iz{kqC/k efLrd fcxM+rs&fcxM+rs eghus Hkj esa gh os
ikxy gks x,A vkxs okZ Hkj og ikxy[kkus esa FksA mlds ckn xr okZ rd caxky esa fdlh dkjkokl esa can FksA var esa ijlksa fdlh
lekpkj&i= esa ,d lk/kkj.k ls dksus esa pkj iafDr;ksa dk lekpkj i<+k&^T;ksrhkpanz iky dk cjgke esa ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa var gks
x;kA* lquk gS] vktdy mudk ikxyiu nwj gks x;k FkkA ej.k ls iwoZ mUgksaus vius lacaf/k;ksa dks ;g lansk Hkstk Fkk&
^^;g dHkh er lkspuk fd ej.kksaijkar esjh vkRek LoxZ esa pSu ls [kjkZVs Hkjrh jgsxhA ekr`Hkwfe ij esjh ;fn vd`f=e] fuNy HkfDr gks
rks mldh lsok ds fy, eSa iqutZUe ysdj raqjr okil ykSVwaxkA bls iRFkj dh ydhj le>ksA**
^yksdekU;* tuojh 1924 esa ^ckoyk T;ksrhk* khkZd ls izdkfkr bl lekpkj esa ij fy[kk gS&lquk gS] vktdy mldk ikxyiu Bhd
gks x;k gSA ijarq e`R;q ds le; Hksth gqbZ mldh bl fpV~Bh ls ;g ugha yxrk fd ftl ikxyiu Bhd gks x;k gSA ijarq e`R;q ds le;
Hksth gqbZ mldh bl fpV~Bh ls ;g ugha yxrk fd ftl ikxyiu us mls vktUe ?ksj fy;k Fkk] og Bhd gks x;k gS!
,d vksj mkekske] mnkj fganw laxBu dk dV~Vj vfHkekuh iatkch jktcanh ml le; blh rjg ikxyiu] risfnd vFkok e`R;q ds fkdats
esa Qalk gqvk Fkk( nwljh vksj Kku&rarqvksa dh {kh.krkok dqN jktcanh funzkok rFkk efLrd jksx ds fkdkj gks x, FksA mlesa ;s lTtu
Hkh Qal x,A :X.kky; ls eq>s fpV~Bh vk xbZA mlesa lHkh fLFkfr dk o.kZu fy[kdj fQj fy[kk Fkk&eq>s ;g thou cks> izrhr gksdj
vlguh; gks jgk gS] vkRegR;k gh ,deso mik; gSA rRdky ;FkklaHko ;qfDr&iz;qfDr ls muds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
365
eu esa mRlkg dk lapkj djkds rFkk ckj&ckj ;g crkdj fd jkVlos kFkZ bl rjg fuQy ej.k Vkyuk gh viuk jkV&/kehZ; drZO; gS]
ckj&ckj le>krs gq, mls ladV ls eqDr djus dk iz;kl fd;k] blhfy, ge vius ml mnkj fe= ds thou ls oafpr gksus ls cp x,A
,d&nks okksZa ds Ikpkr~ mUgsa rfud [kqydj ?kweus yk;d dke feyk vkSj mudk LokLF; Hkh lq/kjus yxk FkkA
fujkk&grkk ykyk gjn;ky

blh nkSjku jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa ds f>>drs /kS;Z ij ,d vkSj vk?kkr djus ds fy, mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ykyk gjn;ky dk fy[kk ,d i=
i<+us dks fn;k x;kA iwoZ esa tks vf/kdkjh vaxqyh Hkj Nik gqvk VwdM+k ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa vkB&vkB fnu gFkdfM+;ka Bkasdrs] os gh
vc] tc mUgsa vko;d gksrk rc cqyk&cqykdj bl izdkj lekpkj vFkok i= i<+us ds fy, nsrsA egk;q} ds Ikpkr~ ykyk gjn;kyth us
,d i= izdkfkr fd;k Fkk fd vc ge bl er ds leFkZd cu x, gSa fd jkT;kafrdkfj;ksa ls lkjs laca/k rksM+dj baXySaM ds N= rys gh
fganqLFkku LojkT; izkIr djs vkSj og LojkT; kkafriw.kZ ekxZ dk voyacu djds oS/k vkanksyu }kjk gh izkIr gksxkA ckjh us eq>s vkSj esjs
ca/kq dks cqykdj og drju i<+us dks nhA blds Ikpkr~ esjh jk; iwNhA eSaus cl bruk gh dgk] ^^ykyk gjn;ky lPps ekuo gSaA eSa
tkurk gwa fd tks os fy[krs gSa] oSlh gh vkt mudh le> gksxhA blls vf/kd eSa vkt dksbZ ppkZ ugha dj ldrkA** bruk dgdj ge
okil vk x,A geus vxyh cSBd esa gjn;ky ds i= dk fok; gh j[kk FkkA muds bfrgkl] fdlh izfrdwy vk?kkr ds lkFk vius
vkidks fujkkk ds xrZ esa >ksadus vkSj vkt rd vusd ,dkafrd erksa dks idM+us&NksMu
+ s dh mudh vfLFkj] papy izo`fk ls eSa ifjfpr
FkkA ml foksk le; rd os tks dqN dgrs] og mudh lPph jk; gh gksrhA ijarq og fujkkk] grkkk rFkk vkkk dh ,dkafrd izfrf;k
vf/kd dky rd fLFkj ugha jgrh FkhAog i= Hkh mlh rjg dk gS] izk;% lHkh us ;gh fudkZ fudkykA dqN yksxksa us dgk fd ;g i=
dsoy viuh jk; vktekus ds fy, cukoVh :i esa Nik;k gSA eSaus dgk&,slk ugha] lkekU;r;k ;g i= lR; gSA mlesa mfYyf[kr
rqfdZLrku vkSj rnuqkax ls vehj vkSj fganqLFkku ds dqN eqlyekuksa }kjk dh gqbZ jkV fo?kkrd egodka{kk vkSj ehekalk loZekU; gks xbZA
eSa fnu&jkr og LiV dj gh jgk FkkA ml i= ls fdlh ds eu ij xgjk izHkko iM+k gks] ,slk geus fcYdqy ugha ns[kkA
;q} ds le; ^vkt pyas&dy&pysa* ;g izfrKkiwoZd Mads dh pksV ij O;Dr dh xbZ] vkkk bl rjg fuQy fl} gks xbZA ;fn og
vukM+h Hkfo;okn lR; fl}
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
366
gksrk rks os vU; Hkfo;okfn;ksa dh rjg lqyHkrk ds lkFk T;ksfrfoZn dh mikf/k izkIr dj ysrs] ijarq tc latksxok ;g volj [kks x;k
rc lHkh dks ,d rjg dh rhoz mnklhurk dk vkHkkl gks x;kA ijarq Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk] ;q} es a gksusokyh eqfDr jg xbZA ij
vc ;q} esa thr ds dkj.k de&ls&de mldh [kqkh esa eqfDr vFkok NwV feysxh ;k ugha \ pkjksa vksj vc ;gh ppkZ fNM+ xbZA esjs i=
us] ftldk ihNs ,d ifjPNsn mn~/k`r fd;k Fkk] bl fok; dh vksj rhozrkiwoZd nsk dk /;ku vkdfkZr dj fn;k FkkA mlds vuqlkj] ;g
Hkh ppkZ vkjaHk gks xbZ fd vPNk gS] eq>s Lonsk esa fdlh dkjkx`g esa ykdj j[kk tk,A var esa vaneku esa ;g fdaonarh Qsy xbZ fd
jktcafn;ksa esa ls iqjkus yksx fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa ys tk, tk,ax]s vkSj eSa flaxkiqjA ns[krs&ns[krs ,d fnu gekjs Jh tkskh ckcw rFkk
,d&nks vkSj jktcanh lpeqp gh fganqLFkku ds fy, py iM+sA muds tkus dk lekpkj mM+us ls igys gh esjs iz;k.k dh /kwe ep xbZ FkhA
vr% :X.kky; esa ;qfDr&iz;qfDr ls os ,d ckj eq>ls feyus Hkh vk x, FksA gekjs bl fupy lg;ksfx;ksa us] tks ,d lkFk lq[k&nq%[k ds
vkSj fokskr% nq%[k ds lk>h cu x, Fks] vkSj tks gekjs xk<+s le; ds laxh Fks] gels fonk yhA ijarq ns[kk rks gesa mlh dkjkxkj esa
j[kdj ogha vc fganqLFkku pys x,A 77 geus dHkh ;g vkkk gh ugha dh Fkh fd dHkh gekjh rFkk gekjs ca/kq dh gok&cnyh rFkk
LFkku&canyh laHko gksxh ;k dHkh bl dkjkxkj ls rfud vf/kd lguh; Lfky ij gekjh jokuxh dh tk,xhA blh vkkk ls rks ge
le;≤ ij fujkkk ds vk?kkr lg ldsA
vc ksk jg xbZ ;q} ds fot;ksRlo ds dkj.k izkIr eqfDr vFkok NwVA ,d fnu og Hkjksls dh HkSal Hkh tueh vkSj lkjs cafn;ksa dks okZ
ds ihNs ,d eghuk NwV fey xbZA dqN cM+s&cw<+s NwVsA jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ;nkdnk NwV feyh] ij gesa&;FkkiwoZedYi;r~A gesa ,d fnu dh
Hkh NwV ughaA eqfDr dh rks ckr gh nwjA
77
tSDlu gR;k vfHk;ksx ds vkjksih okeu nkth ukjk;.k tkskhA tks lu~ 1918 esa cjh gks x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
367
izdj.k&6
e`R;q k;k ij
;q} ds mkjk/kZ dh bl lkoZtfud mFky&iqFky ds pyrs ihNs ftl i= ls ifjPNsn mn~/k`r fd;k Fkk] mlesa fd, x, mYys[k ds vuqlkj
gekjk LokLF; fnuksfnu fxjrk tk jgk FkkA tc vfrlkj dk fodkj viuh lhek ij dj pqdk vkSj izfrfnu lkS fMxzh rd Toj kjhj esa
jgus yxk] rc dgha gesa :X.kky; esa Hkjrh djrs gq, mipkj dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA :X.kkoLFkk esa dkjkx`g esa vk, fdlh Hkh canh ds :X.k
gksrs gh mls vLirky esa Hkstk tkrk] tgka mls FkksM+k&cgqr vkjke feyrk] ij gesa ;g lqfo/kk vkBosa okZ& gekjk jksx gn ls T;knk c<+
tkus ij&nh xbZ] vU;Fkk :X.kkoLFkk esa Hkh gekjh dksBjhcanh dHkh NwVh gh ughaA
,d ckj :X.kky; esa Hkjrh gksus ds Ikpkr~ Ik;Zos{kd us dkjkx`g esa ftruk laHko Fkk] gekjh vPNh O;oLFkk dhA Hkkstu esa ckj&ckj
ifjorZu djds ogh vUu fnyk;k tks gesa gte gksA bl ifjorZu dk ewy dkj.k gekjs i= ls fganqLFkku esa fo/kkulHkk vkSj lekpkj&i=ksa
esa vkjaHk dh gqbZ ppkZ FkhA ijarq ;g O;oLFkk brus foyac ls gqbZ fd LokLF; esa lq/kkj ugha gks ik jgk FkkA kjhj esa Toj p<+r k] mls
mrkjus ds fy, lrr dquSu nh tkrhA mlls ckj&ckj vfrlkj vkSj [kwuh nLr dh ihM+k gksus yxhA dHkh&dHkh nLr ls pkoy vkSj nw/k
T;ksa&dk&R;ksa fudy tkrk ikpukfDr bruh {kh.k gks pqdh FkhA iksVZ Cysvj vFkkZr~ vaneku esa risfnd] vfrlkj vkSj eysfj;k izk;% ,d
lkFk gkFkksa esa gkFk Mkydj pyrs FksA geij vfrlkj rFkk eysfj;k dh dìk gks gh xbZ FkhA Ng&lkr eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ gesa gh ugha]
MkWDVjksa dks Hkh risfnd dk lansg gksus yxk] tks LokHkkfod gh FkkA bl :X.kky; esa tgka vPNs V&iqV] n`<+dk; jktcanh vkSj lk/kkj.k
canh Hkh tks gekjs vkl&ikl jgrs] risfnd] vfrlkj rFkk eysfj;k ds fkdkj curs Fks] ogka gekjs LokLF; dh] tks vkB&vkB okZ rd
dkjkx`g dh fokkDr Nk;k rys izfrgr gqvk Fkk] dh D;k fclkr\ vfrlkj ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
368
dkj.k vUu oftZrA vUukHkko ls nqcZyrk esa cqf}] eTtk rarq fcYdqy {kh.kA dkjkxkj esa euksjatukFkZ gh ugha vfirq vkRer`fV ds fy,
,dek= lk/ku Fkk iqLrd&iBuA ijarq ml rkarfod {kh.krk nervous debility ds dkj.k iqLrd i<+uk vFkok ckSf}d laokn Hkh lguk
dfBu gksrkA tjk i<+us vFkok ckSf}d laokn djus ls Toj >V ls nks vak ij p<+ tkrk] ,rnFkZ i<+uk gh NksM+ fn;kA iqLrdsa ikl
j[kuk gh can fd;kA [kfV;k ij gh iM+k jgrkA vr% le; dh yackbZ] tks dkjkxkj esa igys gh dfBu izrhr gksrh Fkh] ,slh mdrkgV
Hkjh vkSj iznh?kZ cu tkrh dh HkUukgV esa rM+idj dkVuk iM+rk] rFkkfi ml voLFkk esa Hkh fiNys izdj.k esa of.kZr lkoZtfud dk;Z
;FkklaHko dj gh jgk FkkA
jktegy jksx u ns[ks

dHkh&dHkh ,slk yxrk fd dkjkxkj esa chekj iM+us ls gesa dkjkxkj ds foksk dV gksrs gSa vkSj yxrk fd dkk] eSa dkjkxkj ds ckgj
gksrkA ijarq lkjk nksk dkjkxkj ij gh Fkksiuk U;k;laxr ugha gSA ckgj Hkh D;k gS \ tks ckgj gSa os D;k bu jksxksa ls chekj ugha iM+rs\
eysfj;k] vfrlkj vkSj risfnd dh chekjh dks jktegy esa Hkh dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha gksrhA rku Iysx dh Nwr] ,ayq,atk dh ckSNkj tc
izkjaHk gksrh gS rc cacbZ ds leku ukV~; ,oa foykl ds lk/kuksa ls Hkjiwj] fo|qn~nhiksa ls txj&exj djrh egkuxjh esa Hkh ?kj&?kj ejus
dh djkg D;k lqukbZ ugha nsrh\ ,d&,d ?kj esa e`R;q dh pkj&pkj vjfFk;ka ugha ltkbZ tkrh\ fQj ml Hkkoukok fd ge dkjkxkj esa
gS] nq%[k dks tks ,d rhozrk izkIr gksrh gS] og cgqrkak esa fujFkZd gS( D;ksafd ckgj Hkh nq%[k Hkksxus gh iM+rs gSaA ,slh lSdM+ksa
>qXxh&>ksifM+;ka gSa] ,sls lSdM+ksa xkao gSa] tgka gtkjksa yksx nhu&fu/kZu bUgha jksxksa ls rM+irs] NViVkrs jgrs gSaA rqEgsa dkjkxkj esa tks MkWDVjksa
dh lsok,a] tks nokb;ka miyC/k gSa] mudk jkh Hkj ykHk Hkh mUgsa ugha feyrkA dkjkxkj dh rqEgkjh bl ijra= nqxZfr ls mudh og
Lok/khurk dh nqxZfr vf/kd vlguh; gSA fQj dsoy jksx dk nq%[k lg yksA dkjkxkj esa gwa] vr% eSa :X.k gqvk gwa] bl izdkj
djkgrs&dq<+rs jgdj dkjkxkj dh dYiuk ls gh ml chekjh dk nq%[k vf/kd nqLlg er djksA fdruk vPNk gksrk ;fn eSa dkjkxkj esa u
gksrk] rqEgkjh ;g vU;euLdrk vU; n`fV;ksa ls Hkys gh lR; gks] rFkkfi chekjh ds laca/k esa og mruh lR; ugha gSA Hkys gh ;g lR; gS
fd dkjkx`g esa jksx vkSj mlds lsukifr ckj&ckj ckgjh thou ls dqN vf/kd fujFkZd] mdrkgV Hkjk] cklh rFkk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
369
,djl Hkh ugha gS&;g ro dh ckr le> esa vkbZA

O;ogkjr% ns[kk tk, rks ;fn ckgjh Lok/khurk] jkVh; vkanksyu vFkok O;fDrxr thou dk ^?kjkSans dk [ksy lkFkZd rFkk xaHkhj gks rks ,slk
ugha fd ;g dkjkxkjh; thou Hkh ,slk gh gSA* ml jkVh; Lora=rk ds egku~ /;kukFkZ gh ;g dkjkxkj] ;g canhokl] ;g riL;k rqe
vkSj rqEgkjs ;s lgrih lgu dj jgs gSaA ml /;s; dh xaHkhjrk dk rst ijkofrZr gksus ds dkj.k gh rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; thou dh fNViqV
ckrsa Hkh cM+h&cM+h ckgjh thou&?kVukvksa dh rjg gh rst ls ifjiw.kZ] vknj.kh; ,oa vge gSaA :l ds tkj ds vFkok jkliqrhu ds
foyklh ,oa jkT;O;kih >esys yksx ftruh mRlqdrk ds lkFk i<+rs gSa] mlls Hkh vf/kd ftKklk ,oa iwT; cqf} ls fdlh vysDTksaMj dks
tku ls ekjdj lkbcsfj;k esa lM+rs gq, kafrdkfj;ksa dh O;fDrxr vkSj NksVh&cM+h ?kVuk,a Hkh i<+h tkrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh
>qXxh&>ksaifM+;ksa vFkok nafMrksa dh dkjkxkjh; dkydksBjh ij ,dkxzrk ds lkFk lkoZtfud /;ku ftruk fc} gksrk gS] mruk egy ij Hkh
dsafnzr ugha gksrk] vkSj tc ugha gksrk rc Hkh jkVh; kk%dky ds vkxeu ds fy, ml dkydksBjh dh va/ksjh ?kfVdk,a fxurs jguk
vko;d gS] blhfy, egoiw.kZ Hkh gksrk gSA fQj dkjkxkjh; thou dsoy dkjkxkjh; gS] ,rnFkZ ck ,oa Lora= thou ls ghurj ,oa
O;FkZrj D;ksa izrhr gks\
Lora= thou\ js ikxy eu] dkjkxkj dh bu pkjnhokjksa ds ckgj D;k Lora=rk gS\ iRFkj dh bu pkjnhokfj;ksa ds vkxs izd`fr fu;e dh
nhokjsa [kM+h gSaA eu dh ,oa f{kfrt dh nhokjsa gSaA bu dkjkxkjksa dh nhokjksa ls ftruk rqe c} gks x, gks mrus gh nhokjksa ls ckgj ds
yksx rqEgsa Lora= yxrs Hkh c} gks x, gSaA lkS ckr dh ,d ckr ;g gS fd tks dkjkxkj esa] ogh ckgjA ;g ek=k de&vf/kd gks ldrh
gS] ijarq fo/kk ,d gh gSA
vkSj euksjatu\ dSlk euksjatu\ ;g ns[kks] bl iqLrd ds nks i`Bkas esa nhed us dSlh viuh jkt/kkuh clkbZ gSA
tks ckr chekjh dh] ogh mdrkgV dhA dkjkxkj esa thou ,djl rFkk fujFkZd izrhr gksrk gSA ijarq ror% ns[kk tk, rks ckgj Hkh D;k
gS\ rqe canh gksA ijarq ;g Ik;Zos{kd rFkk canhiky rks canh ugha gSa u\ ijarq varj D;k gS\ os Hkh izfrfnu mBrs gSa] dk;kZy; esa cSBrs gSa]
ckj&ckj ,d gh ckr fy[krs gSa] [kkrs&ihrs gSa vkSj lks tkrs gSaA iqu% mBrs gSa] lks tkrs gSaA mudk thou dkSu lk cM+k lkFkZd gksrk gS \
gkFk ihys gq,] cPps tus] isaku fey xbZ&D;k ;gh lkFkZdRo gS\ cPps Hkh vius ^?kjkSnas* ds [ksy esa ;gh lc rks djrs gSaA cPpksa ds ml
yM+diu ds [ksy ls bl lalkj dk rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; vUo; dh n`fV ls D;k dqN vf/kd vFkZ gS\ ror% nksuksa tSls <ksy ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
370
Hkhrj iksy gSaA D;ksafd ekrk&firk dh xksn esa iyuk] fQj mudh vjFkh] mudh fprk BaMh djds vius cPpksa dks xksn esa ikyuk vkSj fQj
Lo;a ekku ?kkV dk jkLrk idM+uk&îqujfi tue~ iqujfi ej.ke] iqujfi tufu tBjs k;re~A* ;g lkjk izip
a fdeFkZe~\ D;k feyrk gS
bl lkjs >esys ls\ ;g p Hkh D;k ,djl rFkk mdrkgV Hkjk ugha gS\ vkpk;kZsa dk izu&^rr% fde~\* ;g rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; ijok
vkanksyu ij ftruk ykxw gS] mruk gh D;k ckgjh egk;q} ds vkanksyu ij ykxw ugha gS \
bl kal vkSj teZuh us fdruh ckj ;q} ds ;gh yM+d[ksy [ksys gSaA rc ls tc sap yksxksa dk xkWy ij vke.k gqvk&vkt rd&vkt
kal fot; eukrk gS rks dy teZuh ds vkxs ukd jxM+dj dkyk lwrdh ifjosk /kkj.k djrk gSA vkt usiksfy;u izFke ;k dy
usiksfy;u r`rh;&ckthjko izFke ;k ckthjko f}rh;! bl ,djlrk esa] [ksy&[ksy esa pwYgk&pkSdk ltkus esa rFkk VwV&QwV esa ;g laiw.kZ
txr~ dkSu lk vFkZ lk/; dj jgk gS\ ft/kj ns[kks m/kj ,djlrkA ijarq mdrkgV] fujFkZdrk] ror% dkjkx`g dh dksBjh ds }kj ij gh
ugha] vfirq foo ds izR;sd jktizklkn ij] rktegy ij vkSj lkxj ij] ioZrksa ij];gh iVy Vaxk gqvk gksrk gS fd* rr% fde~\* rks
fQj dkjkxkj esa can gksus dk bruk nq%[k D;ksa\ tks dkjkx`g esa] ogh fganqLFkku Lora= gksus ij HkhA fganqLFkku ds Lora= gksus ds ckn ds
lekpkj! lekpkj! lekpkj dh ykylk dh ogh fLFkfr! dkjkxkj esa lekpkj ugha feyrk vkSj ckgj feyrk gS] blfy, dkjkxkj
vlguh; izrhr gksrk gS\ nsf[k,] fdlh Hkh lekpkj ls D;k vafre rqfV dHkh gksxh\ fganqLFkku ds Ikpkr~ Hkh\ vr% gs eu! fpjdkfyd
,slh fujarjrk D;k dHkh ekuh tk ldrh gS\ fganqLFkku vkt Lora= gks x;k] iqu% oSHko fkfFky gks x;k] iqu% ijra= gks x;kA nsf[k,]
bfrgklA ;g ih<+h Loh/khurk izkfIr ds fy, yM+s] vxyh ih<+h mldk Hkksx djs] rhljh mls [kks ns] iqu% lgs] yM+s] ejs] Hkksx djs] [kks,]
izR;sd jkV dk] izR;sd jktdqy dk] izR;sd lekt dk iwjk bfrgkl] lHkh lekpkj bu rhu&pkj okD;ksa esa Hkjs gq, gSa] tSls xkxj esa
lkxjA ,d ckj mUgsa luus ds ckn iqu% lekpkj ds uke dqN ksk ugha jgrk] D;ksafd laiw.kZ mFky&iqFky esa loZFkk fu.kkZ;d] loZFkk
vafre d`fr izy; gSA ;g iqu mRiUu foo vk| lekpkjA og vc cklh gks pqdk gSA
vc tks laiw.kZ rktk lekpkj vk,xk&izy;] cl mRifk ls izy;A blesa lkjs lekpkj vk x, vkSj os nksuksa rqEgkjsa dkuksa esa vk pqds gSaA
fQj dkjkx`g esa lekpkj ugha] bldk foksk [ksn D;ksa \ ek= yM+d[ksy ds lekpkj] ^?kjkSan*s ds [ksy&lekpkj ls nkkZfud vf/kd jatukbZ
Hkyk dSls le>saxs\ bl {kf.kd vkSj mRifk] y;] vHkko] izy;] tUe&e`R;q bu yacdksa yaxj ds chp dgha fgyksjsa ysrs gq, lekpkj vk,
gh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
371
gSaA os brus {kf.kd gSa fd muesa ,d Hkh lekpkj dk vafre dgykuk dfBu gksus ds dkj.k lekpkj dh bl r`.kk dk dHkh keu gksxk gh
ugha&fQj rqe dkjkxkj esa can jgks ;k foo esa gok ds >ksadksa dh rjg mUeqDrA xr eghus ds lekpkj ds fy, dkjkxkj foeuLd gksrk gS
rks fiNys ?kaVs ds lekpkj ds laca/k esa vesfjdk eu elksldj jgrk gSA D;ksafd m/kj izfr izgj u;k i= fudyrk gS] vr% xr izgj dk
lekpkj cklh gks tkrk gS vkSj rkts izgj dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds fy, eu ykykf;r ,oa O;olk; ds cktkj Hkkook fparkrqj jgrk
gSA dy i`Foh ds lkjs lekpkj iy&iy esa Kkr gksa rks ekuo eaxy ds lekpkj lquus ds fy, blh rjg rM+irk jgsxk tSls rqe bl
dkjkxkj esa fganqLFkku ds lekpkj lquus ds fy, rM+i jgs gksA
vr% ror% ns[kk tk, rks rqEgkjk dkjkxkjkarxZr thou mu yksxksa ds thou dh rqyuk esa loZFkk O;FkZ ugha&tks Lora= :i ls fopj.k dj
jgs gSaA og ns[kks] phafV;ksa dh uxjh yksdla[;k esa ikVyhiq= ls vf/kd jsy&isy ls Hkjh&iwjhA os vaMs] mudh og jkuh] mudh jktdqekjh]
yM+kdw phafV;ka vFkkZr~ [kM+h {kf=; lsuk] phafV;ksa esa Hkh pkrqoZ.;Z lqizfrfBr gS&Je foHkktu gS&og vkxs ns[kks] xxu esa rqEgkjh n`fV ls
lkeus rjafxr fry ls Hkh nl xquk lw{erj ePNjksa dk jkVA ns[kks&ns[kks&>aqM&ds&>qaM ,df=r ;k=k djrk pyk tk jgk gS] tSls T;w yksxksa
dk pyrk&fQjrk jkVA vkSj ml ePNj dks ;%dfpr~ Bhdjk er le>ukA rqe ekuo gksus dh Mhax gkadrs gks&ijarq rqEgkjs ij dgka gSa\
ijarq ,d fry ds nlosa fgLls ftrus ml ePNj ds ia[k ns[kks rks lghA mldh Luk;q fdruh lw{e gksaxh] ijarq fdruh yphyh vkSj fdruh
dk;Z{ke! ml bZojh; dqyrk dk fujh{k.k djksA D;k ;g euksjatu ugha \ cM+s&cM+s egku~ oSKkfud dsoy d`fe&dhVdksa vFkok Ikkq&if{k;ksa
ds thoue dk v/;;u djus ds fy, vkthou fdlh ckach ;k e/kq ds Nks ds lkeus dqaMyh ekjdj cSBrs gSaA ;fn og fujFkZd] rqPN
ugha gS rks ;g D;ksa dgk tk, fd rqEgkjk thou bl dkjkxkj esa fujFkZd] O;FkZ tk jgk gS \
fcfYy;ksa dh yM+kbZ vkSj jkek;.k

bl euksjatu dh vksj nsf[k,] fcfYy;ka jkst gh v/kZ jkf= esa vius izhfrxku xkrh gqbZ ?kwerh gSaA brus esa ,dk/k izfr}a}h lkeus vkrs gh
mu jfr xhrksa dk i;Zolku lej xhrksa esa gksdj ?keklku ;q} fNM+ tkrk gSA D;ksa \ lkjk migklkLin izrhr gks jgk gS\ rks Hkyk fQj
jkek;.k D;k gS\ dkekrqjrk esa izfr}a}h cudj nks ekuoksa esa eqBHksM+ gks xbZ] tSls ;s nks fcfYy;kaA ;s fcfYy;ka uk[kwuksa ls uksprh&[klksVrh
gSa vkSj eqag ls ?ku?kksj xtZuk djrh gSaA os Hkkyk] ryokj] f=kqy ds lkFk uksp&[klksV jgs Fks]
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
372
nqanqfHk }kjk yjtrs&xjtrs FksA ka[kukn }kjk ;q}kjaHk dh lwpuk nsrs FksA ksk euksfodkjksa dh rhozrk] xaHkhjrk rFkk vdqykgV nksuksa i{kksa esa
leku gh FkhA ;g LiV gS] fcfYy;ksa dks bl fcYys dk ;q} mruk gh egoiw.kZ izrhr gksxk ftruk gesa jke&jko.k ;q}A fodkl ds ckn
dh ifjHkkkk esa dgk tk, rks ;g êktkZjk;.k* gh mRkar gksrs&gksrs jkek;.k esa ifj.kkfer gqvk gSA
fodklokn dh ckr fNM+ xbZ] blfy, og Hkh nsf[k,A fodklkkL= ds vuqlkj thou dyg tSls fodkl dk fo?kVd lk/ku gS] oS ls gh
cky laxksiu ;g laxBd lk/ku gSA thou dyg ds rokuq:i ml ektkZjk;.k dk gh fodflr :i gS] jkek;.k&mlh rjg bl larku ds
ikyu&iksk.k ds rokuq:i êsjh* dk vFkok ;kksnk dk ekrìsze ml x`gikfyr eknk ds isze dk fodkl gSA nsf[k,] dkjkxkjh; MkWDVjks a dk
vkaxu vkSj mlesa vius nl&ckjg pwtksa dks vkxs&ihNs ysrh] vB[ksfy;ka djrh chp&chp esa mUgsa dqdw&phdw dh e/kqj yksjh lqukrh]
bBykrh gqbZ pyrh eqjxhA nsf[k, ml phy ds >iV~Vs ls fdl rjg vius yky dks cpk;k mlusA iwruk ds >iV~Vk ekjus ls ;kksnk Hkh
mruh rM+ih Fkh ftruh ml phy dk vius pwtksa ij >iV~Vk ekjrs gh mldk dystk eqag dks vk x;kA nsf[k,] ml izd`fr dk dkSrqd]
NksVs cPpksa ds [ksy vFkok Ldwyh izfr;ksfxrk ns[kus yksx nfkZd fVdV ysdj tkrs gSaA D;k mu NksVs&NksVs pwtksa dk og >qaM&mudk og
Qqnduk] og dqydqydqy] fdyfdy pgduk] og nkuk pqxus esa gksM+ vkSj os fdydkfj;ka Hkjrs gq, vB[ksfy;ka mruh gh euksjatd ugha
gS\ muds eu esa og f[kykM+h f[kyanM+ Hkko] ogh gkZ meM+ jgk gSA thou thokstho leosnu gksrk gSA dsoy lgkuqHkwfr ls mls thdj
ns[kksA
ianzg fnu rks lq[k izkIr gksrk

:X.kky; esa YkxHkx ,d okZ fcrkus ds Ipkr~ iqu% tc ikaposa uacj dh bekjr esa rhljs ry ds loZFkk ,dkar esa gesa j[kk x;k rc ge
ml fotuokl esa îzfr izlo* fopkjksa ls dkjkx`g esa eu ds m}sx ls rFkk nsg dh {kh.krk ls yM+rs jgrsA dHkh&dHkh izfrfnu ,d&u&,d
chekjh ihNs yxus ls eglwl gksrk fd vc ;g nsg&oL= bruk th.kZ&kh.kZ gks x;k gS fd bls vks<+uk vlaHko gSA vkxs pydj fdafpr
LokLF; lq/kjsxk Hkh] ijarq fdruh izrh{kk djsa\ Ng eghus] okZ&Ms<+ okZ chrkA vkt vfrlkj] dy jDrkfrlkj] ijlksa Toj] ujlksa vkSj
dqN lgrk x;kA var esa fup; fd;k fd bl dkjkxkj ls rks gekjs NwVus dh laHkkouk ugha vkSj rc rd dkjkxkj NwVrk ugha] tc rd
LokLF; esa lq/kkj ughaa vkxs dke vk,xk] blfy, tSl&s rSls laHkkydj j[kk ;g kjhj Qsad nksA lq[k ds fy, rks lkjk ?kVkVksi] dgka rd
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
373
nq%[k esa vkalw cgk,a] ;g fup; djus ds fy, eghus esa fdrus fnu nsg /kkj.k lql gksrk gS] vkSj fdrus fnu dVizn&nhokj ij ;g
x.kuk djrkA izfrfnu chekjh ;k ihM+k gksus ij vFkok fnu Bhd chrk rks mls nhokj ij ntZ djrkA ,sls gh nks eghus O;rhr gq,A
mlds ckn tksMk+ A ns[kk rks lkB fnuksa esa ianzg&,d fnu LokLF; bruk Bhd Fkk fd ftthfokk tkx mBrhA rks fQj vHkh rd lcdqN
nq%[ke; ugha gSA ianzg fnu rks ;g nsg lq[ke; gksrh gSA pyks] ns[k ysrs gSa dqN vkSj thdjA
ijarq bl rjg dsoy euksehukj ij dksbZ fuR; FkksM+s gh jg ldrk gS\ okLro dk xq:Ro mls [khapdj uhps ykrk gh gSA mlh rjg ,d
ckj [khaprs gq, ge e`R;q dh [kkbZ ds Nksj ij yVdrs jgsA :X.kky; esa vR;ar {kh.k out 15 ikSaM ij vk;k gqvk] isV esa vUu tkrk gh
ughaA risfnd ds y{k.k] kjhj esa geskk gjkjr] dksbZ Hkh viuk fudV ugha] ml canh[kkus esa tgka gesa k=qor~ ns[kk tkrk gS] vieku]
fujkkk dh voLFkk esa fdlh ls izse Hkjs nks kCn cksyus ij jksd&Vksd] rfud uhps mBus&cSBus ij ikcanhA ,slh voLFkk esa gekjk LokLF;
bruk gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k fd bldk Hkh Hkjkslk ugha Fkk fd dc e`R;q dk >Vdk bruk gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k fd bldk Hkh Hkjkslk
ugha Fkk fd dc e`R;q dk >Vdk yxs vkSj thou dh Mksj VwV tk,A
rc ,slk izrhr gksrk Fkk fd vc bl :X.kky; eas gh e`R;q vk,xhA izfrfnu ckS}ksa ds kwU;okn] Kkuokn] foKkuokn ls gsudsy gCkZVZ ds
^lCLVal* vkSj fodklokn rd ej.kksijkar dh lHkh miifk;ksa dh eu&gh&eu foospuk djds ns[krkA ehekalk ls ysdj ^fey* ds
mi;ksfxrkokn rd ^/keZ* vFkkZr~ drZO; deZ ds Lo:i ds gkiksg dk foospu djrkA ,sls gh ,d loZFkk {kh.k fnu thou ls vafre
fonkbZ ysus êj.kksUeq[k k;k ij* khkZd dfork fy[khA bldh jpuk djrs gq, lpeqp gh gesa vkkk ugha Fkh fd ge mls i<+us ds fy,
Hkh thfor jgsaxAs
eSa tc baXySaM esa idM+k x;k rc Qkalh dh Nk;k esa êsjk e`R;qi=* vkS j Qkalh dk naM fn;k tkuk ftl fnu laHko Fkk] ml fnu îgyh
fdr* dfork dh jpuk dh FkhA mlds Ikpkr~ e`R;q dh ngyht ij [kM+s jgdj mlls nks kCn laokn lk/kus dk izlax bl êj.kksUeq[k
k;k ij* rhljh dfork esa vk;k FkkA ;s rhuksa dfork,a Êcho from the Andaman* iqLrd esa izdkfkr gks pqdh gSA78
rhuksa ca/kqvksa dk Hkjr&feyki

bl okZ eq>s vkSj esjs ca/kq dks vius ifjokj ls feyus dh vuqefr vkf[kjdkj fey xbZA vaneku esa vU; dSnh ikap okksZa esa vius
?kj&ifjokj ds yksxksa dks cqykdj ,d&nks vkSj dHkh grksa muds lkFk jg ldrs FksA gesa ;g lqfo/kk vkB okksZa ckn
78
vc ;s lkjh dfork,a ^lkojdj lexz&] [kaM&7 esa miyC/k gSaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
374
izkIr gqbZ] og Hkh <sj lkjs frdM+e djus ds cknA ,d ckj rks esjs vuqt vuqefr izkIr djds esjh iRuh ds lkFk dydkk vkus ds fy,
rS;kj gks x, Fks fd iqu% vuqefr jn~n djus dk rkj igaqp x;kA ;gh fueZe fBBksyh lrr py jgh FkhA ca cbZ ljdkj ls iwNsa rks og
fy[krh] iksVZ Cysvj ls iwfN,A vkSj iksVZ Cysvj ds dfeuj ls iwNrs rks os fy[krs] fganqLFkku ljdkj ls iwfN,A fganqLFkku ljdkj ls iwNk
tk, rks og dgrh] ;g leL;k cacbZ ljdkj ds vuqjks/k] flQkfjk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bl rjg pyrs pyrs lu~ 1918&19 esa HksaV
gks ikbZA og Hkh dkjkxkj esa vU; yksxksa dh rjg lkFk jguk rks nwj] flQZ lkFk cSBuk vkSj og Hkh Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeusA ml ij bl Hk;
ls fd u tkus dksbZ kafrdkjh kM~;a= rks ugha jpk tk jgk gS] ,d le>nkj okWMZj dks fNik;k x;kA ,slh voLFkk esa vkB okksZa ds Ikpkr~
eSa vius vuqt] NksVh HkkSth rFkk /keZiRuh ls feykA dfuB ca/kq dk lqn`<+ LokLF; ns[kdj eq>s larksk gqvkA
ml HksaV dk ;FkklaHko vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vkuan mBkus ds fy, ge vrhr] orZeku rFkk Hkfo; dh lkjh fpark,a ,oa nq%[k&Le`fr;ka cykr~
n; dh rygVh esa nckdj ?kaVk&Ms<+ ?kaVk rd lgtrkiwoZd cfr;krs jgs] ekuks fufoZ/u :i ls laiUu fookg ds Ikpkr~ yXu&eaMi esa
cSBdj galrs&galrs ckrsa dj jgs gSaA ijarq esjh HkkHkh] esjs T;sB ca/kq dh iRuh] og D;ksa ugha vkbZ \ jktuhfrd ladV dky esa ftlds
dksey da/kksa ij gekjs iwjs ifjokj ds nq%[k dk Hkkjh cks> iM+k vkSj ftlus mls vR;f/kd /khjt rFkk ,dfuB Hkko ls lgu fd;k] og
esjh ckyl[kh] eerke;h eka] jktuhfr dh vR;ar fooluh; lg;ksfxuh] esjh vkSj vius fuokZflr ifr ls HksaV ds fy, lkr cjlksa ls
ftlus lrr iydsa fcNkbZ Fkh] vc ,su ekSds ij feyus ds fy, D;ksa ugha vkbZ \ flQZ blhfy,] D;ksafd cjlkas ls ml HksaV dh jkg ij
vius nhid dh ckrh mdlkdj VdVdh yxk, mlds os oRly fojgkdqy us= vius thounhi dk vkkke; rsy rFkk thou&T;ksfr lekIr
gksus ds dkj.k ,su le; ij can gks x,A LojkV ds dY;k.kkFkZ tyk, x, fojg ds vfXudqaM esa dq<+rh] tyrh] flldrh var eas vkt
og HkLe gks xbZ vkSj dy vaneku esa vius ifr ls feyus tkus dks vf/kdkfj;ksa dk og vuqefrlwpd n;ke; rkj vk x;kA
ca/kq us ;g okkkZ dgh vkSj geus pqipki mls ipk fy;k] tSls gykgy dk ,d ?kwaVA izR;qr ;gh dgk] ;g foo ifjorZkhy gS]
,d&u&,d fnu la;qDr dk fo;ksx gksxk gh gksxkA bZoj dk ;g cM+k midkj gS fd vkt rd mlus lkFk jgus fn;k] vc iqu% vius
thou&ukV~; dk mkjjax vkjaHk gksuos kyk gSA vc dF; ls bl rjg ,d&,d pfj= fudy tk,xk] ;g n`; jaxeap ls blh rjg
frjksfgr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
375
gksxkA vkSj bl vn`; ds jaxeap ij\ ;g ns[kks] ckck dh iqutZUe ij furkar J}k gS] fuBk gSA vr% mudh fuBk ds vuqlkj fdafpr
ugha] izk;% fup;iwoZd HkkHkh dh vkRek bl le; lw{; :i ls vius bl ikfjokfjd lEesyu esa lekfoV gqbZ gksxh] lcdqN lqu jgh
gksxhA vPNk] gekjs tSls fdlh dh ml ij mruh fuakad fuBk u gks rks ckr lekIr gks xbZA og ohjkaxuk /kjkrhFkZ ij gh foJke ysrh
gS tks jkV&fgrk; j.kHkwfe esa ohjksa ds tq>rs le; mUgsa izksRlkfgr djrh&djrh ladV dh /kkj ls dkVh tkrh gS vkSj /kjkkk;h gksrh
gS&vFkkZr~ leLr nq%[kksa ls] dVksa ls eqDr gksrh gS] tSls vfXukykdk ns[krs&ns[krs feV tkrh gS] eqDr gksrh gS] lq[k&nq%[kkrhr gksrh gSA
vr% mlds fy, kksdlarIr gksuk vdkj.k gS] O;FkZ gSA ge mls ij ugha dj lds] cl mruk gh nq%[k djuk drZO; gSA bruk dgrs gq,
og fok; NksM+ fn;k vkSj jkVh; rFkk /kkfeZd] ikfjokfjd] fouksn laHkkj.k fu/kkZfjr le; dh d{kk esa ftruk vf/kd Hkj ldrs] mruk
Hkj fn;kA ,d ?kaVs esa bruh ckrsa djus dh kfDr esjs tSls ckrwuh] xIihnkl ds Hkkx esa Hkh dnkfpr~ gh vkbZ gksxhA ge f=oxZ ca/kqvksa dk
;g feyki ckjg cjlksa ckn gqvkA igyk lu~ 1906 esa tc cacbZ ls foyk;r x;k rc tgkt ?kkV ij rhuksa [kM+s Fks] mlds Ikpkr~ vkt
vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa iqu% feys gSa lu~ 1919 esa( vkSj og Hkh bl krZ ij fd dsoy ,d ?kaVk gh HksaV gksxhA
eq>s viuh iRuh ls Hkh vk/k&,d ?kaVs ds fy, ,dkar esa ckrsa djus dh vuqefr izkIr gks xbZ FkhA rqjr
a esjs ca/kq vkSj vU; ifjokjokyksa
dks iksVZ Cysvj ls ukS;ku ij lokj djk;k x;kA lIrkg Hkj Hkh }hi ns[kus ds fy, ;gka ugha jgus fn;kA Mj Fkk fd dgha Vksg ysdj
esjh eqfDr ds fy, dksbZ ukSdk ;k gokbZ tgkt Hkstus dk O;wg u jpk,aA esjs ca/kq ds vkxeu ls iwjs mifuosk esa luluh Qsy xbZ Fkh]
lHkh muds nkZukFkZ mRlqd Fks] ijarq dksbZ Hkh muls fey ugha ldrk FkkA rFkkfi bl Hkkoqd] lqcq} cafn;ksa esa ls dbZ ml ikcanh dh
ijokg u djrs gq, muls feyus x, vkSj lLusg mUgsa Qy&Qwyksa ds migkj nsus esa Hkh ugha ldidk,A
fodkj vkSj foosd dk }a}

os yksx x,A Toj esa rirs&rM+irs tSls fdlh jkr iy Hkj ds fy, vka[k yx tk,] dksbZ e/kqj liuk fn[ks vkSj iy Hkj esa iqu% vka[k
[kqyus ij ml :X.k k;k ij Lo;a rM+irk&NviVkrk jgs] Bhd mlh rjg ml ikaposa uacj dh rhu eaftyh bekjr dh rhljh eafty ij
eSa iqu% canhoku cudj iM+k jgkA vc gesa :X.kky; ls ;gka can fd;k x;k FkkA loZFkk ,dkarA ijarq lkeus lkxj vkSj vkdkk( vkSj
ml leqnz esa jkl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
376
Ukked og }hi LiV fn[krk FkkA ,slh dksBjh] ftlls eqDr ok;q cgrh vkSj eqDr n`; fn[krs] vkt rd gesa ugha feyh FkhA ml ij Hkh
bekjr ds cjkens esa ge ?kwe&fQj ldrs FksA vr% eSa ml jkl dk lkSan;Z fugkjrk jgrkA efLrd esa fopkjksa dk p lrr ?kwerk jgrkA
cM+k dV gksrk] dHkh&dHkh fodkj fonzksg ij mrjrsA loZFkk vfu;af=r gksdj ,slk fonzksg gks tkrk tks foosd dks flagklu ls mBkdj Qsad
nsrkA rc iy Hkj ds fy, fodkjksa ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsds fcuk mUgsa fu%ksk djus dk vU; ekxZ ugha fn[krkA fQj ml va/ksj[kkrs esa vkil
esa la?kkZ gksrs vkSj ijLij cfy gksrs ns[k ge iqu% vius gkFkksa jkT; dh ckxMksj laHkkyrs vkSj ,d&,d dks c} djrs foosd ds LFkku ij
mldh iquLFkkZiuk djrsA eu mudh pisV esa u vk tk,] blfy, tku&cw>dj loZFkk ux.; ckrsa] tSls daikmaM esa ?kkl pjrs pkSik,]
mM+rs vkSj xjhxksyksa dks ywVus ds fy, dwV;q} dk ukVd djrs dkS, vFkok ^jkl* dh vksj tk jgh ukSdkvksa dks fugkjrs gq, viuk
euksjatu djrsA dkjkxkj esa ,dkar ds vfrjsd ls eu bruk vareqZ[k gksrk gS fd mls cykr~ ckgj <dsyus ls Hkh cfgeqZ[k ugha gksrkA
ckgjh ckrksa esa O;Lr jgus dk vH;kl gh NwV tkrk gSA mls ckj&ckj ogh iqjkus fopkj ?kksyrs jgus dh HkaxsfM+;ksa tSlh vknr yxrh tkrh
gSA
ml ij nqcZyrkok i<+uk vlaHko gks jgk Fkk] fQj xaHkhj fopkjksa vkSj /;ku&/kkj.kfn vH;kl dk uke gh er yhft,A lkeus Qsys ml
jRukdj dh vksj ns[krs&ns[krs vkSj mldh ygjksa tSlh fpko`fk;ksa dks ,d&,d esa foyhu djrs gq, dHkh >V ls eu ml lkxj dh
xgjkbZ dh rjg fdlh vFkkg xaHkhj xgjkbZ esa vn`; gksdj vpkud fpk /;kuLFk gks tkrk] dHkh ml lkxj esa fdlh laiqV esa tM+s ghjs
dh rjg kksHkk;eku ml NksVs ls ^jkl* }hi ds chpkschp apk [kM+k og ppZ vkSj vkdkk dh vksj funsZk djrk rtZuhor~ [kM+k fk[kj
ns[kdj vpkud mlh rjg ,dkxz gksdj vkdkk fLFkr ml ije firk ds Le`fr&LikZ ls eu eqX/k gksrkA ijarq bl xaHkhj ,dkxzrk vFkok
ml fokky eqX/krk dk ,dkafrd vkosx ml fucZy rFkk rkfod nqcZyrkok iaxq eu dks rFkk eTtkrarqvksa dks vlguh; gksrkA ,sls /;ku
ds Ikpkr~ vFkok fopkjksa dk vkosx ?kVrs gh flj nnZ vkjaHk gksrkA eTtkrarqvksa rFkk Kkurarqvksa ij Hkkjh izrhr gksdj ruko&nqcZyrk gh
vuqHko gh gksrh] vr% ml vkuan ls Hkh oafpr gksuk iM+rkA ,slh voLFkk eas Hkxoku cq} dk Lej.k gksrkA ml miksk.k ds Ikpkr~
ewfPNZrkoLFkk ls mBrs gh /;kukfDr] kkjhfjd kfDr mUgsa izFke laiknu djuh iM+hA feljh] eD[ku] [khj] ekxZ esa tks Hkh feyk] mls eqag
esa Mkyrs gq, mUgsa izFke vuku ls {kh.k cuh nsg LFkwy djuh iM+hA fQj brjtuksa dk D;k dguk! ,slh voLFkk esa i<+uk oftZr] fopkj
oftZr] /;ku oftZr] /kkj.kk oftZr vkSj xaHkhjrk nqcZyrkok
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
377
oftZr rks lfyyrk dkjkxkjh; wjrkok oftZrA u lkFk] u dsfy] u laxr] u hM+k! cl lkeus fLFkr MkWDVj dh eqjfx;ka] muds pwts]
ePNj vkSj i{kh a a A
eaMu feJ dh dksBjh

gka] iafN;ksa dk uke ysrs gh ,d lq[kn vuqHko dk Lej.k u djuk d`r?urk gksxhA og vkuan gS mu cqycyksa dk euksjatuA vanekuh
cqycqy cM+s lqanj] uUgsa ls] lqMkSy ,oa piy gksrs gSaA vgk! Mudk og lqjhyk e/kqj dwtu! Fdrus pqycqys] fdrus papy! Muds
>qaM&ds&>qaM ukfj;y dh xfj;ksa ij ,sls VwV iM+rs fd cl esjh bekjr ds lkeus pgpgkrs jgrsA xaHkhj fopkj lgu u gksus ij eSa gBkr~
fpk dks gydh&Qqydh ckrksa esa fj>kus yxrkA rc ;s pqycqys] papy] pgdrs cqycqy esjs fpk dks fj>krsA mudh vkSj eSuk dh Hkkkk Hkh
eq>s voxr gksus yxhA eSuk dh Hkkkk ds fofHkUu nl&ianzg Loj vFkkZr~ kCn eSa lgh&lgh igpkurkA dksBjh esa og kCn lqurs gh eSa
lgh&lgh igpku ysrkA ckgj os bl rjg lksp jgs gSaA muds ljy fuea=.k] yqdk&fNih dh Hkkkk] rRdky dk cqykok] Hk; lwpuk] lq[k
xhfr] jfr Hkhfr] fkkq xhfr] NkSuksa dks cqykuk] izhre dks cqykuk] ;q} iwoZ vafrekskj ultimatums pqukSfr;ka] j.k&xtZuk,a vkfn
izlaxksa&ik= fofHkUu Loj rFkk kCn loZFkk Hkkkkor~ fufpr gksrs vkSj ml Hkkkk ds O;kdj.k esa eSa laiw.kZ O;qRiUu gks x;k FkkA ij muds
fy, esjh Hkkkk lh[kuk vlaHko Fkk] D;ksafd i{khikyu dkjkxkjh; vijk/k Fkk] vU;Fkk eSa viuh dksBjh esa mUgsa lgtrk ls ikyrkA ;fn eSa
;g dj ldrk rks eSa mUgsa jkVizhrh ds xhr fl[kkrkA vkSj fQj ftl rjg kadjkpk;Z eaMu feJ dk ?kj iwNrs x, rc yksxksa us
vfHkeku ds lkFk dgk fd ^ftuds }kj ds vkxs kqd vkSj eSuk osnkar ppkZ djrs gSa] * tkuhfg rUeaMufeJxsge~ mlh rjg ;fn esjh
dksBjh ds laca/k esa iwNrkN djus dksbZ u;k cqycqy fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk ds xhr xkrs gSaA ^tkuhfg rUoMufeJ d{ke~]* og ml eaM u
feJ dh] fonzksgh dh dksBjh gSA
dkSvksa dh eq>ls cgqr ?kqVus yxh FkhA m/kj ,d ckj esjh lEefr ls ,d eqlyeku canh us pksjh&pksjh ,d dkSvk ikykA ij nks&pkj fnuksa
ds Ikpkr~ eSaus ns[kk fd og dkSvk czh yksxksa dh lCth ds dke vkus dk ;ksx cu jgk gSA D;ksafd ml dkjkxkj esa cjlksa ls vU; fdlh
dk Hkh ekal Hk{k.k djuk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k lkfekHkksth czh yksx vkSj dqN eqlyeku dkSvksa dks idM+dj] mUgsa ekj vkSj mldk
ekal dj[kkus dh vkx esa Hkwudj [kkrsA bruk gh ugha] vfirq ml Hkqus gq, ekal dh ,d cksVh ij ,d vkuk vFkok rackdw ds pkj iks
ds Hkko ls vkil esa ; fo;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
378
Hkh djrsA ml eqlyeku canh us Hkh blh gsrq ls dkSvk ikyk FkkA eq>s lansg gksus ds nwljs fnu gh mlus uhps jgusokys czh yksxksa dks
nsdj mldh lCth Hkh cuk MkyhA
dkO; jpuk can

eSa tc igys&igy dkjkxkj eas vk;k rc blh izdkj dM+s ,dkar esa can FkkA ijarq ml le; dkO; jpus esa esjk le; chrrk FkkA vkB
cjlksa ds Ikpkr~ Hkh esjs lkFkh canh ckgj Lora= :i ls ?kwers&fQjrs] nl yksxksa ij viuk jksc tekrs] lkis{kr% cgqrsjh euekuh djrs
jgrs] rc Hkh eSa mlh rjg dBksj ,dkar esa can FkkA ijarq vc le; fcrkus ds fy, dkO; jpuk djus dh kfDr Hkh ksk ugha jghA
izFker% naM izkIr gksus ds Ikpkr~ ;g ns[kdj fd vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z gkFk esa ysuk laHko gS] eSaus dkO; jpuk ds fup;
dks dqN fnuksa ds fy, LFkfxr dj fn;k Fkk] mlds Ikpkr~ raf=dk ukfM+;kas dh nqcZyrkok og dke yxHkx NksM+ gh nsuk iM+kA tks
gtkj&Ms<+ gtkj dfork,a gks xbZ Fkh] mUgsa daBLFk djus esa gh dfBukbZ gksus yxh] fQj uo&jpuk rks nwj gh jghA izfr lIrkg dqN ns j
mUgsa nksgjkuk] ftUgsa igys daBLFk fd;k FkkA ,d ckj eSaus bl rjg x.kuk dh fd ;fn eSa lrr ml canhkkyk esa fojfpr dfork,a xkus
yxwa rks izkr%dky ls vkjaHk dj laiw.kZ fnol vkSj laiw.kZ jkf=] Hkkstu dk dqN le; NksM+dj] lrr xk ldrk gwaA bruh dkO; jpuk,a gks
xbZ FkhA og lkjh daBLFk Hkh FkhA ijarq blh nqcZyrk ds dkj.k ml chekjh ds okZ&nks okksZa esa Le`fr dh Nyuh ls fdruh lkjh dfork,a
iBukHkko esa fudy xbZA
bl rjg ,dkar dkydksBjh ;|fi bruh dVizn vkSj dBksj Fkh] fQj Hkh mlls esjs dkjkxkjh; lkoZtfud vkanksyu can ugha gq, FksA
fdlh&u&fdlh ekxZ ls kqf}] laxBu] fk{kk rFkk jktuhfrd tkx`fr vkfn mikaxksa ds vkanksyu iwjs mifuosk esa Qsy gh jgs FksA
bl ,dkar bekjr esa Hkh bl rhljs ry ij vkdj dkjkxkjh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cudj izlaxok gFkdfM+;ksa esa [kM+s jgus dks naM
lgdj Hkh ftu cafn;ksa&jktuhfrd ,ao lk/kkj.k&us eq>ls feyuk vkSj esjh lsok djuk ugha NksM+k] ;gka mudk vkHkkj izdV fd, fcuk
ugha jgk tkrkA
eSaus ihNs Hkh mYys[k fd;k gS fd ml ikaposa uacj dh bekjr eas rhljs ry ij eq>s j[kus ds ihNs ,d mn~ns; Fkk fd lkeus Qsys gq,
lkxj dh eqDr ,oa fokq} gok dk eSa Hkjiwj lsou dj ldawA blh dkj.kok rFkk fokskr% bu nks okksZa esa bl izdkj ej.kksUeq[k k;k ij
fpid tkus ij eq>s LokLF;izn vUu fn, tkus ls esjk LokLF; /khjs&/khjs lq/kjus yxkA FkksM+k&cgqr vUu ikpu gksus yxk vkSj Toj] out
?kVuk vkfn
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
379
rsifnd ds iwoZ fp lekIr gksus yxsA yxHkx Ms<+&nks okkasZ ds Ipkr~ eSa og ej.kksUeq[k k;k lesV ldkA
ckck dk nq%[kn nkZu

eSaus viuh ej.kksUeq[k k;k lesVh gh Fkh fd mls iqu% fcNkuk iM+k&og Hkh vius T;sB ca/kq ds fy,] D;ksafd mudk LokLF; fxjrs&fxjrs
esjk LokLF; lq/kjus ds laf/kdky rd laiw.kZ fxj x;kA ml ij Hkh nq%[k dh ckr ;g fd var rd mudh O;oLFkk Bhd ugha j[kh xbZA
esjh n`fV ds lkeus vHkh rd og nq%[kn n`; fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS&dkys dacy dk dksV igus gq,] fikkk; fcxM+us ls vR;f/kd osnuk ls
ihfM+r >qds gq, ckck :X.kky; dh vksj tk jgs gSa&ogka ,d m}r rFkk f?kukSuk Hkkjrh; enzklh esfMdy vflLVsaV vka[ksa rjsjdj twrs
iVddj muls rfud [khapkrkuh djrs gq, dgrk gS] ^dgka nq%[k jgk gS\ b/kj rks dqN Hkh ughaA lkjh caMyckth gSA* vkSj bl vieku
ls f[kUu] mldk izfrokn djus ds fy,&iqu% :X.kky; ugha tkaxk] pkgs dqN Hkh gks tk,&;g fup; djrk gqvk og dVHkksxh nskizseh]
dacy dk dkyk dksV igus] [kkalh dh vfojy <kal ls] ftls lHkh risfnd dk y{k.k le>rs Fks] ihfM+r&djkgrs g, viuh dksBjh dh
vksj tk jgk gSA ml enzklh ds m}r O;ogkj ij mlds dku mesBs x,A Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh risfnd dh vkkadk esa HkkbZ ds Fkwd dh tkap
dhA var esa ^pkykdh* ds uke ij tks chekjh gn rd c<+ xbZ Fkh] ,d fuHkhZd ofjB MkWDVj us&ftls fganqLFkku ls lksn~ns; ;gka dh
voLFkk eas lq/kkj ykus ds fy, Hkstk x;k Fkk&mudh jh<+ dh gM~Mh esa risfnd dk nkx <wa<+ fudkyk vkSj ;g fl} gks x;k fd mUgsa
risfnd dh chekjh yx xbZ gSA rFkkfi tc rd os vaneku esa Fks] rc rd muds LokLF; dh ns[kHkky Bhd&Bkd ugha gks jgh FkhA [kkalh
bruh tksj ls vkrh fd os ,d bekjr esa ;fn [kkalus yxrs rks iM+ksl dh nksuksa bekjrksa esa ml tkuysok lw[kh [kkalh dks lquusokyk ?kcjk
tkrkA muds izk.k mM+us yxrs] ,slk yxrk fd ne?kqVh gks jgh gS] fQj Hkh [kkalh ugha :drhA ,slh [kkalh] izfrfnu 100 ls 102 rd
Toj] fikkk; esa bruh rhoz ihM+k fd lh/kk [kM+k jguk Hkh dfBUkA vfrlkj dk f?kukSuk dV&bu lkjs dVksa dks >syrs gq, ml deZohj
us vaneku esa vafre Ms<+ okZ fcrk;ka
ml Ms<+ okZ esa lkS&Ms<+ lkS jktcanh] tks vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ysdj vk, Fks] pkj&ikap lkS pksj] Mkdw] gR;kjs vkfn lk/kkj.k canh]
ftuesa ls fdlh&fdlh us ,d okZ Hkh naM ugha Hkqxrk Fkk] fQj Hkh fot;ksRlo rFkk jkt{kek ds ftldk vkxs pydj ge mYYks[k djus
okys gSa dkj.k cjh fd, x,A ijarq bl jksxttZj jktcanh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
380
dks] tks nl okksaZ ls bl ;a=uk esa lM+ jgk gS vkSj var esa jkt{kek ftlds thou dh cksVh&cksVh uksp jgk Fkk] ml jkVh; canh dks cjh
ugha fd;k x;kA
vkSj fof/k dk;ns&dkuwu dh Hkkkk esa dguk gks rks mu ij bl Hk;adj dksi ds fy, tks egku~ vijk/k fl} gks x;k Fkk] og ;g fd
mUgksaus nl iUuksa dh ,d iqfLrdk izfl} dh Fkh] blfy, vktUe dkjkokl( vkSj nwljk vijk/k ;g fd os esjs ca/kq Fks] vr% risfnd gks us
ij eqfDr ughaA
rFkkfi ml dVHkksxh deZohj d vkRefookl] rofuBk vFkok /kS;Z eas jkh Hkj Hkh deh ugha vkbZA e`R;q Hkh ekxZ jksdus yxh] rc Hkh
fufpr ekxZ ls fry Hkj Hkh os Vys ughaA
;g gS vaneku dk o`kkarA ogka ls fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj okil ykus ds Ikpkr~ muds HkkX; esa tks dV fy[ks Fks] muds lkeus vaneku
kkjhfjd dV rFkk ekufld ;a=uk,a dqN Hkh ugha FkhA mudk lkeuk vkxs pydj mUgsa djuk gh FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
381
izdj.k&7
iatkc rFkk xqtjkr esa naxs

fu;ekuqlkj nafMr lSfud jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu
vkSj dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx tsy dehku
ds lEeq[k oDrO;
egk;q} dh lekfIr ds Ikpkr~ mldh izfrf;k lekIr gksrs&us&gksrs lu~ 1919 esa iatkc] vgenkckn] fnYyh] ohjexkao vkfn Lfkkuksa ij
gq, naxs&Qlknksa ds lekpkj vaneku igqap x,A gesa og cM+ ljkguh; izrhr gqvkA egk;q} dh /kka/kyh esa tkxfrd egku~ kafr dh
ckjkr fudy tkus ij ihNs efD[k;ka mM+krs iM+k gqvk ;g fuc} Hkkjrh; VV~Vw gkFk&ikao ekjrs gq, vc mBuk pkgrk gSA ihNs&ihNs os
jktcanh Hkh igqap x,] tks iatkc rFkk xqtjkr ds lSfudksa ls nafMr Martial law Convicts fd, x, FksA vaneku esa vHkh rd
jktuhfr ds dkj.k naM izkIr eqlyeku jktcanh ugha vk, FksA bu lSfud nafMr&cafn;ksa esa FkksM+s&cgqr eqlyeku jktcanh Hkh FksA mu lHkh
dks vktUe dkjkokl ls ysdj nks okksZa ds dBksj ifjJe ds naM fn, x, FksA
lu~ 1911 esa ftl ukS;ku ij lokj djkds eq>s vaneku yk;k x;k Fkk] mlh ij lokj ,d lk/kkj.k canh ls ckr djrs gq, eSaus dgk
Fkk] ;g Bhd gS fd rqe yksx blfy, nq%[kh gks jgs gks fd eSa vdsyk jktcanh dkjkokl ij tk jgk gwaA ijarq ?kj&ckj dk LonskkFkZ gkse
djds tc ek= jktcafn;ksa ls BlkBl Hkjs ukS;ku vaneku esa vkoktkgh djus yxsaxs] rc dgha ;g fl} gksus yxsxk fd vc Lonsk esa
viuh eupkgh oLrq ikus dh {kerk vk xbZ gSA vktUe dkjkokl izkIr jktcafn;ksa dh la[;k fganqLFkku dh thoarrk dh m.krk ekiusokyk
^rkiekih* ThermometergSA bu kCnksa dk eq>s rc Lej.k gqvk] D;ksafd os nksuksa ukS;ku jktcafn;ksa ls yxHkx Hkjdj gh vk, gq, FksA
vc ml dkjkxkj esa de&ls&de nks lkS rd jktcanh ,df=r gks x, FksA vf/kdrj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
382
lHkh nl okZ vFkok vktUe dkjkokl] leku Hk;adj naM ls naafMr] fQj Hkh lHkh ml naM dks drZO; Hkkouk ls mUur eLrd] ruh Nkrh
ls /kS;Ziow Zd lg jgs FksA esjs vkus ls nl okksaZ ds nkSjku rkiekih dk ikjk bruk ij p<+ x;k FkkA ,d&Ms<+ okZ dk naM gks tkus ij
ftl fganqLFkku eas ml nskHkDr dks gqrkRek le>k tkrk Fkk] mlh fganqLFkku esa lSdM+ksa yksx vktUe dkjkokl esa tkus ds fy, jkh Hkj Hkh
ugha fgpfdpkrs vkSj ;g ?kVuk bruh vkbZ&xbZ gksrh gS fd muds uke Hkh yksxksa dks ;kn ugha jgrs] vkSj ,d vFkok Ms<+] bldh x.kuk
rks eqfDr esa gh gksus yxhA NwVk cspkjk veqd] ^dsoy nks okZ canhA*
bruk dqN gksus ij Hkh] lk/; izkIr djuk gS rks vkSj cgqr dqN gksuk pkfg,A fdrus lkjs dVksa dk ewY; vHkh ukidj nsuk gksxk] rc
tkdj dgha dlj iwjh gksxhA
nskHkfDr vkSj cqf} cy

nskHkfDr ds lkFk&lkFk O;fDr esa cqf}cy Hkh gksuk pkfg,A bl rjg ds fopkj eSa lkIrkfgd xksBh rFkk O;fDrxr ppkZ esa lrr iznfkZr
djrk jgrk FkkA mlls dV lgus dh rS;kjh rFkk /kkkj.kk vf/kd mRiUUk gksrh gSA Je dk ifjgkj gks tkrk gS rFkk fujkkk ds ckny NaV
tkrs gSaA bu uokxr jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% lHkh xzkeh.k tu FksA vf/kdrj iwjs vff{kr] ijarq nskHkfDr ls oafpr ugha FksA vpkud esjs gkFk
[ktkuk yx x;k] eq>s ,slk yxkA eSa muesa ls izR;sd O;fDr ls izkFkZuk djus yxk fd LokHkkfod nskHkfDr rks vki esa Fkh] ijarq nskHkfDr
dks ckSf}drk dk cy izkIr ugha Fkk] mls vc mikftZr djus dk volj er [kksukA ;g ukyank fcgkj dk foofo|ky; gSA Kku vkSj
ri dh lk/kuk vkjaHk dhft,A eSaus rFkk esjs lkfFk;ksa us jktcanh cudj vk, bu ialkjh] nqdkunkj vkSj dkrdkjksa dks ^v] vk* ls
i<+kuk vkjaHk fd;kA izR;sd uacj dh cSjd ls gekjh laLFkk ds rokuqlkj gekjs lnL;ksa us ogh e cuk, j[kkA mu cafn;ksa esa ,sls dbZ
yksx Fks] ftUgksaus esjk uke lqu j[kk FkkA muij esjk lgt izHkko gks tkrkA muesa ls ,d us eq>ls dgk] blls iwo Z esjs iatkch ca/kqvksa esa
ls ,d&nks tuksa us Hkh ogh dgk Fkk&vkids vaneku vkus ds ckn vesfjdk ls vkusokys ty;kuksa ij ;fn Hkkjrh; lokj gksrs rks og
flaxkiqj ls vkxs ljdrs le;] muesa ls vusd yksx vaneku dh vksj eq[k djds mls iz.kke djrs] D;ksafd ;gka os canh ohj can Fks
ftUgksaus muds nsk ds fy, la?kkZ fd;k FkkA bl rjg
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
383
dh ckrsa lquus ij gesa iwokZ/kZ esa xzafFkr fd, gq, mu okD;ksa dk Lej.k gksrk] ftudk vaneku esa vius izFke] f}rh; lIrkg esa mPpkj.k
fd;k FkkA^ vieku vkSj ykaNuksa ls rst&Hkax er gksus nsukA dHkh ,d fnu ,slk Hkh vk,xk& blh dkjkx`g esa rqe tSls jktykafNrksa dh
izfrek,a [kM+h dh tk,axhA* fujkkk dh ewPNZuk ij dh xbZ dYiuk dh ml mkstd ek=k dh de&ls&de bruh rks pfjrkFkZrk gks xbZA
vanekuh; fuokZflrksa dks lkjs Hkjr[kaM us foLe`r ugha fd;k FkkA
mu jktcafn;ksa dks dsoy v{kj Kku gh ugha vfirq Hkwxksy] bfrgkl] vadxf.kr vkfn fk{kk iznku djus dk /kwe&/kM+kdk py jgk FkkA
mlds vfrfjDr la/;k le; Hkkstuksijkar LkHkh cafn;ksa dks izkIr vodkk ds le; vkSj jfookj dks chl&iPphl cafn;ksa ds lkFk cSBdj eSa
fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr] lq/kkjksa dk vFkZ] fonskh bfrgkl] vFkZkkL= ds ewyHkwr ro vkfn fok;ksa ij laokn djrk vkSj mUgsa rFkk
vU; cafn;ksa dks ckSf}d izfk{k.k nsrkA mu fnuksa ml dkjkxkj esa jkVh; fk{kk dk dkQh /kwe&/kM+kdk FkkA iatkch jktcafn;ksa esa ls iqjkus
canh tc viuh ^xnj* if=dk ds kafrdkjh fganh vkSj iatkch xhr xkrs] rc raMy
s isVh vQljksa ds lkFk lHkh cafn;ksa ls Hkjh&iwjh bekjr
mu xhrksa dks lquus [kM+h jgrhA bruk gh ugha] gekjh bekjr esa dkj[kkus ds fy, yxs Vhu ds ksM dh vkM+ esa QSyh gjh&Hkjh nwc ij
jktcanh la/;k le; dqrh dk izfk{k.k Hkh ysus yxs] D;ksafd uokxr jktcafn;ksa esa ,d&nks ukekafdr igyoku Hkh vk, gq, FksA
cu x, taVyeSu
ml dky esa mUgsa fk{kk nsrs le; dHkh&dHkh cM+k dV gksrk] dHkh&dHkh cM+k dkSrqd yxrkA xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa esa ,d eqlyeku dks
xqtjkrh fl[kkus ds fy, rackdw nsdj ok esa djuk iM+kA ,d iatkch czk.k BsB xkao dk Fkk] ijarq iDdk yckjA iatkc ds naxksa esa idM+k
x;k FkkA mls i<+kus ds fy, gesa u dsoy rackdw nsuh iM+rh] vfirq dHkh&dHkh :X.kky; ds Hkkstu esa ls nw/k dk Hkksx Hkh p<+kuk iM+rk]
fQj Hkh Jheku gekjs vkus dh vkgV ikrs gh dsoy tksj&tksj ls ?kksVk yxkrsA vk;q ipkl ls ij gekjs vkus dh vkgV ikrs gh dsoy
tksj&tksj ls ?kksVk yxkrsA vk;q ipkl ls ij gks pqdh Fkh] ijarq Fks vorkjh! cPpksa tSlh kjkjrsa djrsA fdlh fnu geus le; ij
rackdw ugha nh rks viuh LysV fNikdj dgrs] ^[kks xbZA* bldh Vksg ysrs gq, fd ge yksx vkl&ikl ugha gS] mUgksaus ge ij ,d etsnkj
xhr dh jpuk dh] ^cu x, taVyeSu] cu x, ckcwthA* mls lqudj gesa dkSrqd yxrk vkSj fQj og xhr vius lkeus xokus ds fy,
mls vkSj ,d pqVdh rackdw nsuk iM+rhA vU; jktcanh gels cjkcjh djus ds fy, mls ?kqM+fd;ka nsus yxsA fQj ge chp esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
384
iM+dj mls NqMk+ rsA mldk og xhr ^cu x, ckcw taVyeSu] cu x, ckcwth* vkt Hkh ge dHkh&dHkh cM+s pko ls xquxukrs gSaA
LysV] isafly vkSj vadfyfi;ksa ds lkFk mu jktcafn;ksa ds ihNs&ihNs gesa fdruh ckj ?kweuk iM+rk] bldh dksbZ fxurh gh ughaA dqN yksx
bl cyk dks Vkyus ds fy, gels ckr djus ls Hkh drjkrsA ,d pkyhl okhZ; xqtjkrh fdlku dks] ftldk uke ^thok* Fkk] geus
pkyhl ckj fxudj ckjg[kM+h nh FkhA og rekkk ns[kdj jktcanh galrs&galrs yksViksV gk tkrsA ijarq blls Hkh etsnkj ckr ;g gqbZ fd
mls og ckjg[kM+h ;kn gks] ,sls Fks ;s vui<+] xaokja ijarq budk n; ifo=] fueZy HkfDr;qDr kq} FkkA dSlh mudh HkfDr vkSj fdruh
yhurk] muesa ls db;ksa dks naxs esas gqbZ xksyhckjh esa xksfy;ka yx pqdh FkhA ge cM+s xoZ ls mu ?kkoksa ds nkxksa ij gkFk Qsjdj mUgsa lgykrs
gq, dgrs] ^;s ns[kks] gekjs ohj lSfud vkSj ;s ns[kks] muds lEekulwpd rexsA ;s HkkM+s ds lqo.kZ indksa ls dgha vf/kd lEekuh; ekal ij
vafdr ind gSaA fdrus lPps gSa ;s rexs!*
Ckjh dh fuLi`grk
Dkjkxkj esa jktcanh cgqr mFky&iqFky epk jgs Fks( fdarq gkjs ckjh egkk; xk;c Fks! jktcanh ;fn ij ns[ks rks uhps ns[kks vkSj uhps ns[k
jgk gks rks ij ns[kks] bl rjg fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus tks mUgsa uhpk fn[kkrk] xtZu djrk Fkk] iksVZ Cysvj dk og eR;Z bZoj dgka gS \
og mlh dkjkxkj esa Fkk] ijarq iksVZ Cysvj ds Bhd mlh ikkk.k] ftlls ;fn dksbZ Vdjkus tk, rks mls pksV igqapkrk] ijarq Lo;a mBdj
fdlh ls Hkh ugha Vdjkus tkusokyk( ,d minzoghu ikkk.k! bl okksZa dh fujarj p[kp[k ls cdj gM+rkysa] o`ki=h; gYyk&xqYyk] viuh
kku [kksus dk nq%[k vkfn ls og =Lr gks pqdk FkkA vkSj ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh Hkkjh fljtksj cus vkSj la[;k rFkk laxBu ls fujarj
c<+rs jktcafn;ksa ls ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] ij bu dqkksa ls NqMk+ * ;g uhfr viukbZ FkhA gekjh ;g mFky&iqFky] tgka nks tuksa dk ckr
djuk vijk/k le>k tkrk] ogka iPphl tuksa dh lHkk&xksBh vkfn og lqu jgk FkkA ijarq isVh vQlj vkfn ls LiV dgrk Fkk] êsjs
dkuksa rd dksbZ Hkh fkdk;r er vkus nksA esjs rFkk ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa ls lkeus mUgas bdV~Bk er cSBus nsuk] FkksMk+ &FkksMk+ dke djokvks
vkSj dksbZ ,slk&oSlk Hk;adj d`R; mUgsa er djus nsuk ftlls gaxkek [kM+k gksA cl] fQj djus nks mu kSrkuksa dks viuh euekuhA rqe gh
lc laHkkyksA tkvksA*
ij teknkj ls ysdj isVh vQljksa rd] cafn;ksa esa ls gh cus vf/kdkjh] tks gekjh cjlksa dh izfk{kkok vc gekjs gh <jsZ ij pyus yxs
Fks] ,sls yksx bus&fxus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
385
gh Fks] tks Lo;a tkdj pqxyh ugha djrsA vr% izk;% lHkh ?kVuk,a ckjh rd u igqaprs gq, gh ?kVrh jghA bldk ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gwa]
tks bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd fdl rjg vf/kdkfj;ksa esa laxBu rFkk jkVh; fopkjksa ls izsfjr yksx gksrs FksA ,d xqtjkrh canh] tks [ksrh
ds fy, gR;k ds vijk/k esa nafMr gqvk Fkk] tc ls ge vk, rc ls gekjs fopkjksa ls izsfjr gqvk vkSj gekjk dV~Vj leFkZd cu x;kA
mlesa jkVh; :ph bruh txh Fkh fd gM+rky tSls loZFkk dM+s cankscLr ds fnuksa esa Hkh og Lo;a dke djrkA tc og canh Fkk rc
ukfj;y ds xksys ds fNydksa esa jktcafn;ksa dh fpf;ka fNikdj mUgsa ykus&igapkus dk dke djrkA vkxs pydj okWMZj cuus ds Ikpkr~ og
dwM+k Hkjusokyh Vksyh dk eqf[k;k cu x;kA rc ls ge tks lekpkj&i= gj d{k esa Hkstrs] mls ogh mu Vksdfj;ksa esa ys tkrkA mlds bl
lkgl ls gekjs yksxksa esa mls ^Mkfd;k* dk miin izkIr gks x;k FkkA tc ckjh dk kkludky dBksjrk dh pje lhek ij yjt&xjt jgk
Fkk vkSj tc isafly vFkok dkxt dk NksVk lk VqdM+k Hkh j[kuk&feyuk laHko ugha Fkk] rc ge ikuh ihrs&ihrs bZaV ds VqdM+s ls dVksjs
ij tks lekpkj ;k lansk fy[krs] mu dVksjksa ds ;s egkk; cM+h lgtrk ls b/kj ls m/kj dj nsrsA isM+ksa ds iks dwM+s esa Qsad tkrsA bu
egkk; ds ladsr ls gh ge mUgsa [kkysdj ns[krs] muesa dkaVksa ls dqjsns fdlh lekpkj ds nks kCn gksrs tks ckgj ls vk;k gksrkA og Hkh
jkh Hkj Hkh lansg u gks] bruh lQkbZ ds lkFkA vkxs pydj og isM+ dkVk x;kA bl izdkj fuLi`grk ls jkVh; Lo;a lsod la?k dk
dk;Z djds jktcafn;ksa vkSj kqf}dj.k vkfn lkoZtfud vkanksyu ds fy, la?kkZjr ml canh dh c<+rs&c<+rs ml le; rd teknkj ds :i
esa rjDdh fey xbZ FkhA mu Vksdfj;ksa ls iwoZ og Lo;a gekjs gh ikl ^v&vk* ls kq: dj xqtjkrh lh[k x;k FkkA
teknkj gksus ij Hkh ftls ge dgrs] mls i<+us nsrk vkSj Lo;a Hkh i<+rkA gka b/kj&m/kj ns[krs gq,] D;ksafd okoZtfud ijksidkjh jkVh;
izo`fk dks izksRlkfgr djuk djkxkjh; lafo/kku dh nqVrkiw.kZ uhfr ds vuqlkj naMuh; FkkA blh ls cgqrkak esa ;g fl} gksrk gS fd og
cafn;ksa ds dke vkSj vU; vko;d vuqkklu dk fdruk ikyu djrk Fkk rFkk fdruk lPpk] fooluh; vkSj fuO;Zluh Fkk!
kafrdkjh vkSj i{kh

Gekjh gh izfk{kk esa iys yksx mifuosk esa b/kj&m/kj dkjkx`gksa esa QSys gq, FksA blls cdj vf/kdkjhx.k tSl&s rSls jktcafn;ks a dks kkar
j[kus dh uhfr viukus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
386
ds fy, ck/; FksA bl dkj.k gekjk ckjh vc ,d e`r Tokykeq[kh dh rjg canhkkyk ds ys[;ky; esa gkFk ij gkFk /kjs cSBk jgrk FkkA
vkBksa igj eqag esa yxs MaMs leku flxkj dk /kqavk gh cl mlds Hkkrjh Tokykeq[kh dk vglkl djkrkA ksk lc BaMKA ml ij og
yacWxks ds fodkj ls loZFkk mdrk x;k FkkA vkf[kj mls lkof/k vodkk fey xk; vkSj og kh?kz gh iksVZ Cysvj NksM+us dh rS;kjh esa tqV
x;kA
tc rd og iksVZ Cysvj dh chl&rhl cjlksa dh laifk lesVdj viuk cksfj;k&fcLrj cka/kdj rS;kj gks jgk gS] rc rd NqV~Vh dh ckr
fNM+us ij mldh ,d euksjatd ?kVuk lqukrk gwaA pkj&,d okZ iwoZ vFkkZr~ lu~ 1915&16 esa mlus vk;jySaM tkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj
mls lkof/k NqV~Vh fey xbZA cgqr le; igys ;g vkneh vk;jySaM ls nks&pkj iSls ysdj Hkkx vk;k FkkA ogh nfjnz vc nl&ikap gtkj
vaVh esa cka/kdj okil vk;jySaM tk jgk FkA og dgrk ] ^êSaus Hkh viuk chl cjl dk vktUe dkjkokl iwjk fd;k gS] lkojdj!
D;ksafd eSa Hkh rks ;gka ,d LFkkuc} euq; gh gwaA* vk;jySaM dks vc okil rks ykSVuk Fkk] ijarq rc rd jktcafn;ksa dh tks n;kkhy
O;oLFkk mlus dh Fkh] v cog mlds isV esa kwy dh rjg pqHk jgh FkhA mlij os fnu ,sls Fks fd tc mu ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa] tks
yksxksa esa ihM+d ds :i esa dq[;kr Fks] esa ls ,d&nks tuksa ij fdlh mn~ naM kafrdkjh ds gkFkksa >ViV ^jke* dgus dk lekpkj feyrkA
,d fnu ckjh ds dk;kZy; esa mlds dqN xksjs fe= cSBs Fks] rc ;g ppkZ fNM+ xbZ vkSj ;g lgt okkkZyki gks jgk Fkk fd dydkk ls
gksdj ;k=k djus esa ckjh dks mldh dhfrZ dk etk p[kkus dh Vksg esa yxs gSaA fdlh nqV kafrdkjh ls ?kkrd HksaV dh vkkadk gS] vr%
og fganqLFkku ekxZ ls ;k=k u djrs gq, lhyksu ekxZ ls ;k=k djsaA gekjs êqakh* canh ys[kd yksxksa us tks muds vkxs&ihNs jgrs Fks] rqjr
a
;g lekpj gesa fn;kA gekjs fopkj ls ml le; xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa bl rjg dk Hk; mRiUu gksuk ek= Hkh:rk dk gh Yk{k.k
ugha FkkA vfirq dqN gn rd cqf}ekuh dk Hkh FkkA bl laokn ls ckjh vius vkidks cM+k egoiw.kZ le>us yxk vkSj ml fnu kke dks
Lo;a gh lhuk Qqykrs gq, vius m}r O;aX;&fouksn ls iwNus yxk] ^^D;ksa lkojdj] lquk gS] fganqLFkku esa iSj j[krs gh vkids fe= ge ij
ce Qasdusokys gSa\** geus Hkh mlh ds mn~naM O;aX; dk vuqdj.k djrs gq, mkj fn;k] ^êq>s ,slk ugha yxrkA ;fn fdlh ds ikl okLro
esa ce gks] rks mls bl rjg dkS,] fpfM+;k ds fkdkj esa cjckn djus ls fdlh ksj dk fkdkj djus esa gh cqf}ekuh gSA vkSj dksbZ
kafrdkjh ,slk ugha] tks ;g u le>sA** ckjh dk xoZ ,sls fi?ky x;k tSls ikuh esa feV~Vh dk <sykA mlds Mj dk D;k gqvk og ogh
tkus!
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
387
ckjh dh e`R;q
;g Hkh xr okZ dh ?kVuk gSA bl NqV~Vh dh ckr loZFkk fHkUu Fkha vc ckjh geskk ds fy, tk jgk FkkA mldk LokLF; bruk fxj x;k
Fkk fd vaneku rks NwV gh jgk Fkk] ;g Hkh lansg gksus yxk Fkk fd ;g nqfu;k Hkh og ns [k ldsxk ;k ughaA var esa krkf/kd cafn;ksa dh
xkfy;kas vkSj vfHkkki ds migkj Lohdkjrs gq, ckjh dks] ftldh dej gh VwV pqdh Fkh] nks tuksa dh lgk;rk ls ty;ku ij p<+kuk
iM+kA v}ZewfPNZr voLFkk esa og fganqLFkku igqapk vkSj ogka kh?kz gh vR;ar dVizn voLFkk esa mldk izk.kkar gks x;kA mldh Le`fr Hkh
mu jktcafn;ksa us gh thfor j[kh] ftuij mlus ?kksj vR;kpkj fd, Fks( vkSj tc rd ;g xazFk jgsxk rc rd jgsxh] vU;Fkk og Hkh mlh
ds lkFk lekIr gks tkrh vkSj okLro esa oSlk gh gksuk pkfg, FkkA jktcafn;ksa dks tks dV gq vk] mlds fy, ewyHkwr dkj.k og ugha Fkk]
og rks fufek ek= FkkA ijarq blls mls gn ls T;knk ego izkIr gks x;kA fdlh vewrZ laLFkk dh nqVrk vFkok fkVrk dh tkudkjh
nsrs le; fdlh&u&fdlh ewrZ O;fDr dk ukeksYys[k vifjgk;Z gksrk gS] blfy, bl rjg ds canhiky dk uke yksxksa dh n`fV ds lkeus vk
x;k] vU;Fkk ckjh ds xq.k vFkok nksk Hkh bruh iz[;kfr vFkok dq[;kfr izkIr djus ;ksX; ughaA
rFkkfi ml vR;f/kd fook voLFkk esa Hkh gekjs fok; esa mlus tks lq[kn kCn dgs rFkk mlds ifjokj ds yksxksa us tks dqN lgkuqHkwfr
izdV dh] mlds fy, ml canhiky] mldh ln; dU;k rFkk mldh lokhy iRuh ds izfr vkHkkj izdV fd, fcuk ge vkxs ugha c<+saxsA
gekjs fopkj esa ijLij fo:} fLFkfr esa ;fn gekjh fd, fcuk ge vkxs ugha c<sa+xAs gekjs fopkj esa ijLij fo:} fLFkfr esa ;fn gekjh
HksaV gksrh rks dnkfpr~ og gekjk izkald gh curk vkSj gekjh bl /kkj.kk dk vk/kkj gekjh ihB ihNs ds eqag ls fudys vusd ,sls
mn~xkj gSaA
kki vkSj {kek

Ckjh ds mYys[k dh lekfIr ds lkFk&lkFk gh ^NksVk ckjh* vFkkZr~ iksVZ Cysvj esa îBkuh jkT;* dk Madk ihVusokys fetkZ [kku dh Hkh
[kkuxh djsaA ckjh dh Tokyk gh tgka cq> jgh Fkh] ogka ;g dgus dh vko;drk gh ugha gSa fd mldh rfik dks lnhZ yx tkus ls og
yqIrizk; gksus yxh FkhA ;g ns[kdj fd b/kj&m/kj gj txg jktcafn;ksa dk tksj gS] mlds nqV iBkuh&fla/kh gLrd ,d&,d djds ^rksM+*
fn, x, gSa] tgka&rgka loZ= lkis{kr% lkSE;] lnkpkjh rFkk jkVh; fopkjksa ds fganw canh tks ;gka&ogka loZ= ljdkjh dk;Z ,oa mfpr
dkjkxkjh; vqukklu dks muls Hkh lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls laiUu dj jgs gSa vkSj mifuosk esa rFkk dkjkxkj esa izk;% lHkh NksVs&eksVs Lfkkuksa
ij &^Lora=* yksx fu;qDr fd, tk jgs gSa] mlls fook gksdj nk<+hckt fetkZ [kku
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
388
,dne <kyh iM+ x;k FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vkxs nqe fgykrs gq, og fnu fcrk jgk FkkA eqlfye /kekZa/krk tks igys mls mUek djrh Fkh]
ogh vc mldk Hk; Hkh vdkj.k c<+kus esa dkj.khHkwr gksrh FkhA mls yxrk Fkk fd dkfQjksa ij mlus tSls vR;kpkj fd,] oSls gh os ml
ij djasxsA ,d euksjatd ckr mldh blh izo`fk dk fnXnkZu djkrh gSA bl mkjdky esa ,d ckj mlds gkFk esa dq rdyhQ gks xbZA
fdlh Hkh rjg og ihM+k can u gqbAZ ckjh dk iwjk kjhj ftl rjg <hyk iM+ jgk Fkk] Bhd mlh rjg mlds fiV~Bw dk gkFk Hkh <hyk
iM+ x;kA rc ml /kekZa/k fetkZ [kku dks iw.kZ fookl gks x;k fd gks&u&gks lkr uacj ds ml pesokys cM+s ckcw us gh ge nksuksa ij
Vksuk&VksVdk fd;k gSA ckjh bruk Hksyk ugha Fkk] ijarq fetkZ [kku vkrafdr gks x;kA gekjk Hkjiwj xkSjo djrs gq, :X.kky; ls gh mlus
lansk Hkstk fd êq>ls lkS&lkS vijk/k gq, gSaA lkojdj ckcw ls dg;ksa] {kek dj nsa vkSj esjk gkFk eq>s okil ykSVk nsaA* ;g izk FkZuk
lqudj eSaus mls yk[k le>k;k fd HkbZ] eSaus tknw&oknw dqN ugha fd;k] u gh ekukA rc dsoy mls fupar djus ds fy, eSaus dgk]
^^vPNk] vkids fooklkuqlkj ;fn esjs dgus ij vkidk gkFk Bhd gks tk,xk] ;gh vkidh Hkkouk gS] rks bZoj dks lk{kh ekudj dgrk
gwa fd eSa vkidk Hkyk pkgrk gwaA** vkxs pydj mldk gkFk Bhd gks x;k&;|fi nokb;ksa ds gh dkj.k] ijarq mlus D;k lkspk gksxk] ogh
tkusA vkxs Ng eghus rd og ogha ij Fkk] ijarq tSls narghu lkaiA blds Ikpkr~ fot;ksRlo ds le; tks rhu&pkj lkS canhoku cjh gks
x,] muesa vius vrhr dh ihM+knk;h lsok dk Qy lglk bu egkk; ds gkFk yx x;k vkSj og fetkZ [kku] ftldk fganqvksa ds
vR;kpkjh ds :i esa nl cjlksa rd Madk ctrk jgk Fkk] ijarq vkxs pydj tks fcYdqy x cu x;k Fkk&cjh gks x;kA mlds ckn
iBku] fla/kh vkSj iatkch eqlyekuksa dk gkSlyk VwV x;k] mudh /kkSal loZFkk dqpy nh xbZA ,d&nks tks ksk jgs os pqipki le; dkVus
yxsA dkjkxkj ,oa mifuosk esa loZ= okWMZj] goynkj] teknkj] Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ys[kd] MkWDVj] daikmaMj izk;% fganw gh j[ks x, FksA
lkis{kr^ ljy ,oa lPps LoHkko ds dkj.k ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh ogh jkl vkus yxs FksA ;g ns[kdj iBku nkar ihldj dgus yxs]
^^vc D;k cksyk tk,] vc rks fganw jkt gks x;k gSA**
dqN iqjkus iBku ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa ls pqxyh Hkh djrs] ^^lkc] vc rks iksVZ Cysvj esa fganw jkt gSA lkc] gesa Mj gS] geij >wBk
eqdnek u cuk;k tk,A** ftl le; îBku jkt* Fkk rc fganwvksa ij ,sls feF;k vfHk;ksx yxkdj mUgsa vddkj.k rax djus dh ftUgsa
vknr Fkh] muesa ls bu vofkV nqVksa dks ;g Mj yxrk fd vc ;s
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
389
Hkh ogh djsaxsA ;g mUgha dh nqVrk dk izfrfcac Fkk] u fd fganqvksa dh( D;ksafd fganqvksa us dHkh fdlh dks blfy, rax ugha fd;k fd og
eqlyeku gSA bruk gh ugha] le>nkj rFkk /kekZa/krk ls fufyZIr vius mu eqlyeku ca/kqvksa dk ge var rd leFkZu gh djrs] mUgsa
i<+krs vkSj viuh flQkfjk ls ;FkklaHko mudh HkykbZ gh djrsA muesa ls db;ksa ds vkosnu&i= geus fy[ks gksaxs] db;ksa dks dkedkt esa
lgk;rk fnyokbZ gksxhA vkxs pydj ml rqPN ujsyh ds ^fganw jkt* ds dqN vf/kdkj gekjs gkFk esa Hkh vk x,A rc eqlyeku teknkj
vkfn ls geus fdruh lPpkbZ rFkk U;k;laxr jhfr ls O;ogkj fd;k] ;g vkxs mUghsa ds kCnksa esa crk;k tk,xkA
Ckjh dh fonkbZ ds ckn m/kj nks&rhu rFkk fganwLFkku ls yk, x, LFkk;h&vLFkk;h permanent or temporary canhikyksa dk vkuk&tkuk
jgkA buesa ls ,d us ckjh ds iwokZ/kZ ds ncncs ds laca/k esa lquk Fkk] ijarq mkjk/kZ dh grkkk dk Lej.k mls ugha jgkA vr% mlus fopkj
fd;k fd D;ksa u og mlh rjg jktcafn;ksa dks lrkdj ljdkj ds lkeus viuh kwjrk dk <ksy ihVs \ vr% mlus vkSj mlh le; ds ,d
ofjB mFkys LoHkko ds vf/kdkjh us uokxr xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa esa ls tks kkar LoHkko ds izrhr gq,] mUgsa dksYgw nsuk vPNk ugha yxkA
;fn nsuk gh Fkk rks uokxrksa esa tks V&iqV ,oa lwjek Fks] mUgsa dBksj ifjJe dk ;g dke nsuk pkfg, FkkA ijarq fu%kDr] lkSE; vkSj
fuiV x tSls xzkeh.k cafn;ksa dks pqu&pqudj dksYgw dk dke fn;k x;k] ftldk mn~ns; ;g Fkk fd os Mjdj ;g Fkk fd os Mjdj dke
djsaxsA ijarq izFke fnu gh mu lHkh us bUdkj dj fn;kA mUgsa chrk bfrgkl crk;k tk pqdk FkkA muesa ls nks gekjh gh bekjr ds FksA
muds lkFk lc uhfr fufpr dhA muds bUdkj djrs gh ml canhiky us ckjh ds gh <ax ls gYYkk&xqYyk fd;k&gekjh bekjr ds ,d&nks
tuksa dks] ftUgsa mlus usrk le>k Fkk] ydM+h ds dksYgw esa Bhd oSls gh tksrk tSls cSyksa dks tksrrs gSa vkSj nwljksa dks dksYgw ?kqekus dk
vknsk fn;kA vFkkZr~ vU; canhokuksa ds dksYgw esa tqVrs gh mlls ca/ks mu xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa ds ikl nks gh ekxZ ksk jgs& ;k rks dksYgw
?kqekuk ;k fQj /kkjkkk;h gks f?klVrs tkukA mu nksuksa esa ls ,d us ;gh ekxZ viuk;k] og /kkjkk;h gks x;k& dksYgw ls ca/ks gksus ij
vU; cafn;ksa }kjk dksYgw [khprsa gh og Hkwfe ij f?klVrk gqv ukpus yxkA
FkksMh+ nsj esa dksYgw dh bekjr dh ;g ckr lHkh bekjrksa esa Qsy xbZA gekjh bekjr rd Hkh igaqp xbZA vU; jktcafn;ksa dks lansk Hkstdj
dqN fup; djsa] mlls igys Hkkstu dk le; gks x;kA vr% izR;sd bekjr esa ;g lansk Hkstk x;k fd canhiky ls gesa ;g iwNuk gS fd
xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs bu vR;kpkjksa ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
390
Lkekpkj lR; gSa ;k feF;kA ;g gaxkek lqu dj canhiky dkjkx`g esa vk x;kA ns[kk rks \ ,sls la?kkksa esa mLrkn iqjkus jktcafn;ksa esa ,d ls
c<+dj ,d fup;h ,oa LokfHkekuh n`<+izfrK dSnh gkFkksa esa Fkkfy;ka idM+dj vkSj ;g dgrs gq, fd tc rd bl dk;Z dh O;oLFkk ugha
gksrh] vUu xzg.k ugha djsaxsA bekjr ds gj nj ij jkLrk jksddj rSk esa [kM+s jgsA canhiky ds thou esa ,slk ckadk izlax igyh ckj
vk;k FkkA egkk; us Hkkai fy;k fd vc bu jktcafn;ksa ls lkeuk gSA izFke dgus yxk] ^;g ljklj >wB gS fd mu xqtjkrh cafn;ksa dks
dksYgw ls cka/kk gSA* rc ,d cynaM vkSj gM+rky esa geskk vxz.kh jgusokyk iatkch jktcanh ererkdj iwNus yxk] ^rks D;k gekjk
xqtjkrh HkkbZ >wB cksy jgk gS\* vkSj mlus yksgs dk og Fkky xnk tSlk ij mBk;k vkSj cksyk] ^ns[kks] ;fn vko;d gqvk rks bl
Fkkyh ls gh flj QksM+ MkywaxkA tks geij vRpkpkj djuk pkgrk gS] lksp&le>dj djsA* canhiky pqipki] fcuk dqN cksys ihNs gV
x;kA mu nksuksa xqtZj ca/kqvksa dks dksYgw ls gVkdj dksBjh esa can fd;k x;k vkS j jktcafn;ksa dks lansk vk x;k fd vc rqe yksx Hkkstu
djksA rqEgkjs vknfe;ksa dks dksbZ dV ugha igqapk;k tk,xkA dqN fnuksa Ikpkr~ mu xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa dks vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg fNydk
fn;k x;k vkSj laiw.kZ gM+rky dk ;g u;k vkSj vafrd dkj.k gM+rky dh /kedh nsus ls gh nwj gks x;kA
Bhd djusokys gh Bhd gks x,

Tkgka rd geas ;kn gS] blh canhiky ds gkFkksa vaneku esa fu;e fo:} vafre ekjihV dh xbZA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls ,d lkglh ;qod
ij] tks fuR; jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djds gekjs lkoZtfud vkanksyu esa euks;ksxiwoZ Hkkx ysrk Fkk vkSj ftldk mYys[k geus ihNs kqf}
izdj.k esa Hkh fd;k gS] vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fuR; utj jgrhA KkuktZu esa mldh foksk :fp FkhA ,d fnu dke ds le; mlds gkFk esa
iqLrd ns[kdj vFkok ,sls gh fdlh dkj.kok q} gksdj dpgjh esa cqykdj bu egkk; us mls xzkeh.k xkyh nhA xzkeh.k xkyh dk vFkZ
vaxszth Hkkkk esa uke ds ihNs mi&in tSls fu;eiwoZd vkrk gS] blh rjg dk mi&in yxk;kA ijarq canhiky D;k tkus fd vaneku ds
dkjkxkj esa yksxksa ds LoHkko vc vkB igys tSls ugha jgsA mlds xkyh cdrs gh ^rqEgkjk cki a a a*dgrs gq, ml fganw ;qod us bl
canhiky ds firkJh dks gh ml xkyh dk migkj fn;kA rc ks/k ls mQurk gqvk og canhiky mB x;k vkSj mlus okWMZjksa ls ml canh dks
idM+ok;k vkSj vius gkFkksa ls mlds eqag rFkk Nkrh ij eqDds ekjuk kq: fd;kA mldk eqag lwt x;k vkSj [kwu cgus yxk] rc mls
NksMk+ A ;gka bl ckr ij xkSj djuk pkfg, fd ml canh dks xaMekyk dk jksx FkkA canhiky
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
391
dks yxk&vPNk gqvk] vPNk etk p[kk;k cPpw dksA vU; dk;j rFkk yqPps yksx mlls dgus yxs&vjs HkbZ] ge fdl [ksr dh ewyh\ cl]
vc tks gqvkA rqe MkWDVj ls dguk fd fxjus ds dkj.k esjs psgjs ij lwtu vkbZ gS vkSj [kwu cg jgk gS] vU;Fkk] myVs rqe naM
HkqxrksxsA* ijarq og /khj ohj FkkA mldh vka[kksa vkSj gksaBksa ij cgqr lwtu vkbZ FkhA mlus MkWDVj ls dgk fd canhiky ds ekjus ls lwtu
vkbZ gSA ijarq MkWDVj us canhiky ds Hk; ls m/kj /;ku ugha fn;kA canhiky us Ik;Zos{kd ls mldh HksaV ugha gksus nhA rc geesa ls ,g
jktcanh us ;g iksy [kksyus dh Bku yhA ;g ns[kdj fd mlh lIrkg la;ksx ls phQ dfeuj Hkh vk jgs Fks&canhiky ds gksk mM+ x,A
og fxM+fxM+kus yxk] ijarq phQ dfeuj ds lkeus ml vR;kpkj dks izLrqr djus esa og fganw ;qod tjk Hkh ugha fgpdkA canhiky ds
vPNh rjg dku mesBs x,A bl rjg iwoZdkyhu izfrokn ls dkjkx`g esa ekjihV [kRe gh gks xbZ FkhA bu u, egkk; }kjk mls fQj ls
kq: djus dk iz;kl djrs gh mUgsa Hkh djkjk FkIiM+ jlhn fd;k x;k] ftlls mUgksaus Hkh iqu% bl rjg dk nqVrkiw.kZ d`R; djus dk
lkgl ugha fd;kA blds vkxs tks Ms<+&okZ geus m/kj fcrk;k] ml dky esa gesa Lej.k ugha fd cafn;ksa ls bl rjg fcuk fdlh dkj.k
wj ekfdZV dh xbZ gksA ekjihV dk gekjh Le`fr esa ;g vafre mnkgj.k Fkk] vr% mldk o.kZu gsrqiwoZd fd;k x;k gSA ;g dguk Hkh
vko;d gS fd bruh ekjihV vkSj [kwu dh mfYV;ka gksus ds ckn Hkh ml fganw ;qod canh us fuMjrk ds lkFk lkoZtfud vkanksyu djuk
ugha NksMk+ FkkA mlus vius naM ds pkSng cjl igys d iwjs dj fy, Fks] ijarq esjs vkus rd og cjh ugha gqvk FkkA jke tkus gekjs
ihNs mldk D;k gqvk\
fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh canhiky blds Ikpkr~ dbZ Lfkkukarj.k gksrs&gksrs ckjh lkgc ds lkys lkfg canhiky cu x,a mlus mifuosk esa
blls iwoZ Hkh vusd vf/kdkjiw.kZ LFkkuksa ij dke fd;k FkkA ml O;fDr dk uke fMfxUl FkkA dksbZ Hkh vPNk O;fDr vanekuh izfrca/kksa dh
uhfr eas vPNk ugha jg ldrk] rFkkfi fMfxUl lkgc ds ml dkjkxkj esa fu;qDr gksrs gh lHkh dks gkfnZd izlUurk gqbZ] D;ksafd mUgks aus
fu;qDr gksrs gh ml nqVrkiw.kZ uhfr esa Hkh ;FkklaHko U;k;iw.kZ jhfr ls vius vf/kdkj dk Madk ctk;k] ftlls mudk uke lHkh na fMr
mruh gh d`rKrk rFkk vknj ls ysrs ftruk ckjh lkgc dk ?k`.kk lsA os fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh FksA os vk;fjk Fks vkSj foksk ckr
;g fd fFk;kslkWfQLV FksA banwHkwk.k dh vkRegR;k dkaM esa geus ckjh dh cdokl dk mYys[k fd;k gS fd
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
392
fFk;kslkWfQLV iqLrdsa i<+dj euq; ikxy curk gSA ijarq fnu&jkr fFk;kslkWfQLV dh iqLrdsa i<+dj Hkh ckjh ds lkys lkgc ikxy ugha
cusA os Kkufiiklq rFkk fkV FksA os vius O;ogkj ls viuh Js.kh esa ;FkklaHko fl} djds fn[kkrs fd <ax ls ljdkjh dke djkrs vkSj
;Fkksfpr vuqkklu j[krs gq, Hkh canh ls bUlku dh rjg O;ogkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA bruk gh ugha] vfirq bl rokuq:i fd
dkjkxkjh; laLFkk dk izeq[k /;s; cafn;ksa dk vkfRed] ekufld rFkk uSfrd lq/kkj gh gksuk pkfg,&dkjkxkjh; laLFkk pykbZ tk ldrh gSA
blds fy, dHkh&dHkh mUgsa ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ukle>h dk dksiHkktu Hkh cuuk iM+rk FkkA
dkjkx`g tkap lfefr

bl LFkkukarj.k ds pyrs m/kj fganwLrku eas ,d tsy dehku dh fu;qfDr dk lekpkj feykA bl vk;ksx ds lkeus tks leL;k,a Fkh]
muesa ,d rks ;gh Fkh fd vaneku mifuosk dk vkxs D;k djuk pkfg,\ 1 tuojh] 1920 dks fu;qDr dks fu;qDr vk;ksx ds laca/k esa
vkSj foksk :i ls vaneku ds mifuosk dh fLFkfr dh tkap djds mlds Hkfo; ij fopkj djus dk izu eq[;r% mlds lkeus izLrqr
djus ds ihNs gekjs vanekuh; vkanksyu rFkk vkB&ukS cjlksa ls mdlh nqnZkk dh dgkuh fganqLFkku ,oa foo Hkj esa mtkxj djus dk
iz;kl gh foksk dkjxj gqvk FkkA blds vfrfjDr gekjs rFkk vaneku fLFkr lHkh lqtku canhokuksa ds lkeus ;g LiV Fkk fd ;fn bl
le; vius dVksa] vR;kpkjksa dk foLr`r C;ksjk vkxs c<+dj bl tkap lfefr ds dkuksa esa ugh Mkyk rks ;gka ds vf/kdkjh bl lfefr ds
lkeus ;g crkus ls ugha pwdsaxs fd ;g mifuosk bZojh; nsu gS vkSj blesa dqN Hkh ,slk ugha] ftls lq/kkjk tk,A vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh
,d&nks izeq[k vf/kdkfj;ksa dh LiV jk; Fkh fd vanekuh; tyok;w gh LokLF; foukkd gS vkSj cafn;ksa dks ogka clkus dh uhfr Hkh
vf/kdkak fo?kkrd gSA ijarq vf/kdkjh oxZ bl iz;kl esa Fkk fd vR;kpkjksa dh ;FkklaHko de&ls&de tkudkjh mUgsa gks] vkSj tks tkudkjh
feys Hkh rks mls feF;k fl} fd;k tk,A dqy feykdj ^lc Bhd gS* dk vkHkkl nsdj gh mUgsa fonk fd;k tk,A cafn;ksa esa ls [kqkkenh
cafn;ksa dks <wa<+dj mUgsa bl rjg O;oLFkkiu djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k fd vk;ksx ds lkeus dksbZ Hkh izfrokn vFkok fkdk;r u
tkus ik,A blds foijhr jktcafn;ksa dh vxqokbZ esa u dsoy cafn;ksa us] cfYd vU; yksxksa us Hkh ;FkklaHko fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk vk;ksx ds
lkeus viuh nqxfrZ dh ckr j[kus dh O;oLFkk dhA ftys&ftys esa ,der ls ,d gh rjg dh ,deq[kh ekaxs rFkk izfrokn fd;k tk,]
blds fy, lansk rFkk fyf[kr Mkd izkjaHk gks xbZA ;|fi tkap lfefr ds lkeus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
393
cafn;ksa dk laiw.kZ i{k izLrqr djus dk dk;Z fofHkUu ftyksa ds fofHkUu O;kfDr;ksa dks LkkSaik x;k Fkk] rFkkfi u dsoy mifuoskh; cafn;ksa dks
cfYd ogka ds Lora= ykssxksa dk Hkh gels lrr vuqjks/k gksus yxk fd bu lHkh izeq[k ckrksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djus dk dk;ZH kkj ge vius
da/kksa ij ysaA mudk Hkkoqdrkiw.kZ fokokl Fkk fd ftl dqkyrk vkSj ftl Hkkkk esa lVhd rdZ iz.kkyh rFkk fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk mudh ekaxsa
ge vk;ksx ds lkeus izLrqr djsaxs] oSlk dksbZ vU; ugha dj ik,xkA blds vfrfjDr mu cafn;ksa ds vuqjks/k ds ihNs dk fo/ks; bl
okLrfodrk ij Hkh vk/kkfjr Fkk fd vk;ksx ds eu ij gekjs dgus ls tks ifj.kke gksxk rFkk ml tkudkjh dk tks ego gksxk] ogh
tkudkjh blls Hkh vf/kd LiV :i esa vFkok rhozrj Hkkkk esa Hkh ;fn fdlh us j[kh rks og izHkko ugha gks ldrkA vr% mudk lrr
vuqjks/k ns[kdj eq>s Hkh og dk;ZHkkj laHkkyus dh bPNk gks vkbZA
ijarq nwljs i{k esa ,d egoiw.kZ ck/kk gekjs lkeus FkhA vaneku dk dSnh ;fn vkRe&lacaf/kr fkdk;r ;k vU; dqN Hkh izfrikfnr djrk
rks og ,d rjg ls lgt ekuk tkrk Fkk] ijarq ;fn vU; cafn;ksa ls laca f/kr dqN ckr djs vFkok fdlh canh dk i{k ysrs gq, mldh
odkyr djs] rks mls ,d vijk/k le>k tkrk FkkA ;fn og ,slk lkgl djs Hkh rks mldk eqag ;g dgrs gq, can fd;k tkrk fd nwljs
ls rqEgsa D;k ysuk&nsuk\ rqe viuh dgks vxj dguk pkgrs gks rksA nwljh ckr ;g Fkh fd jktcafn;ksa dks fot;ksRlo ds miYk{; esa
{keknku dj cjh fd;k tk,] fganqLFkku esa bl ekax dk vkanksyu O;kidrk ls py jgk FkkA dkSafly esa izuksakj Hkh gks jgs FksA ljdkj us
fganqLFkku esa rFkk ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us vaneku esa LiV lwfpr fd;k fd bl eqfDr esa izR;sd jktcanh ds jktuhfrd vkSj lkoZtfud
vkpj.k rFkk mldh ekufldrk dk foksk :i ls fopkj fd;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ gekjs rFkk gekjs ca/kq dh eqfDr dk izu izeq[kr% vaneku
ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xqIr fVIif.k;ksa ij gh fu.kZ; ysxh fd gekjk fy[kk LiV gS ;k ugha] lR; gS ;k ughaA ge vkt rd vius lkoZtfud
vkanksyuksa ls vaneku ds lkjs vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fdrus isze&Hkktu gks x, gSa] ;g ckr Hkh mtkxj gh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa ij ls vk jgs
vk;ksx ds lkeus mifuosk ds lHkh dkys dkjukeksa dks izdV djuk rFkk cafn;ksa vkSj Lora= i{k dh vksj ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dk i{k foQy
djus dk dk;Z Lohdkjuk mu mifuoskh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vuqlkj gekjs vR;kf/kd nqjkpkjh rFkk cjh gksus ds loZFkk v;ksX; gksus ds dkj.k
FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
394
lp dgus dk vFkZ canhokl c<+kuk

mlesa Hkh gesa ;g ekywe Fkk fd og vk;ksx ,d foksk mnns~; ls jktcafn;ksa dk fufj{k.k djus dk vk jgk gSA foksk mn~ns; ;g gS fd
vanekuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ml laca/k esa izLrqr izfrosnu report dk vkSj Lo;a izeq[k jktcafn;ksa dk fujh{k.k dj fganqLFkku ljdkj dks
izfrosnu djuk fd dkSj cjh djus ;ksX; gS vkSj dkSu ughaA ;fn geus pqfuank vf/kdkfj;ksa ls Hkjs bl vk;ksx ds lkeus vanekuh
vf/kdkfj;ksa vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ljdkj ds] tks mudk leFkZu dj jgh Fkh&rRdkyhu canhkkyk foHkkxkarxZr nqVrkiw.kZ uhfr rFkk ihM+knk;h
O;ogkj dh dVq vkykspuk dh rks LiV gS] ;g /k`Vrk bu fkVtuksa dks vlguh; gksxhA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd bl rjg vxokuh djuk
gekjs eqfDrekxZ esa jksMs+ vVdkuk gS] vk, gq, Lo.kZ volj ls oafpr gksuk gS vkSj blds foijhr] ;fn jktcafn;ksa dk laiw.kZ mifuosk ds
izfr vkxzg dk vieku fd;k rks vkt rd muesa ls krkf/kd yksxksa us jktcafn;ksa dh tks lgk;rk dh] vknHkko nkkZ;k] mldk _.k u
pqdkrs gq, mu ij fd, tk jgs vR;kpkjksa dks Vkyus dk gkFk vk;k gqv k lqugjk volj [kks nsuk FkkA os nl&ckjg gtkj canh vkSj
mudh U;k;laxr fkdk;rsaA brus lkjs yksxksa ds nq%[k] muij fd, x, vR;kpkjksa dk ek= mYys[k djds bl rjg dh tkap ds le; mls
lcds lkeus izdV djus eas ;fn ge fgEer gkj cSBs rks gekjk lkoZtfud ifjJe] tks geus bl tkap ds fy, ljdkj dks ck/; djus ds
fy, fd;k Fkk] mls gh vdkjFk gksus nsuk Fkk] D;ksafd ;g tkap ge lHkh ds lrr iz;klksa ls] gekjs }kj lgs x, vR;kpkjksa] ;a=.kkvksa ds
fo:} fd, x, izfroknksa ls gh gks jgh Fkha ;fn vkSj dksbZ ;g dk;Z djrk rks og bruk ifj.kkedkjh ugha gksrk] ;g vU; gtkjksa cafn;ksa
dh rjg gesa Hkh yx jgk Fkk] blfy, vk;ksx ds lkeus xokgh nsuk ge viuk drZO; le>us yxsA
eqfDr dk ekinaM
vaneku esa ge vius vkpj.k dk fcanq fuR; gh eqfDr vkSj jkVfgr nks Nksjksa ds chpkschp j[krs fd vaneku es a tks dqN jkVfgr lk/;
gksxk] og bruk egoiw.kZ dHkh ugha gks ldrk ftruk eqfDr ds Ipkr~ fganqLFkku esa tkdj lk/; gksxkA ijarq blds fy, eqfDr gsrw dksbZ
Hkh fookl?kkrh] fuanuh;] uhp rFkk pkiywlh Hkjk vkpj.k] ftlls nsk vFkok tkfr dk LokfHkeku dyafdr gks] dHkh leFkZuh; fl} ugha
gks ldrk] D;ksafd ml ;ksx ls gksuos kyh eqfDr jkV ds fy, vf/kd fgrdkjh gksus dh vis{kk vf/kd jkVfo?kkrd gh fl} gksxhA vr%
bl rjg dk vkpj.k Vkyrs gq, ;fn eqfDr dk fufpr volj fey jgk gks] rks og ge lk/; djds gh jgsaxsA og
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
395
fufPkr volj feyus rd mlh fLFkfr esa tks dqN jkVfgr lk/; dj ldsa] mls lk/; djus dk iz;kl djrs gq, fnu O;rhr djsaA mlesa
Hkh ;FkklaHko mUgha ls ;s dk;Z djokuk] ftuij ljdkj dk bruk mxz jksk vFkok rhoz n`fV vHkh rd ugha gSA ml voLFkk esa tc
vius fcuk laHkkfor lkoZtfud vkanksyu djus ds fy, dksbZ vU; bruk bPNqd vFkok leFkZ u gks rks mu ekeyksa dks Lo;a fuiVkuk]
eqfDr laHko fn[kkbZ ns jgh gks rks ;wa gh ugha xaokuh pkfg,A ijarq fufpr laHko u gks rks dsoy yypkbZ gqbZ dk;jrk ls ;g dgrs gq,
fd ^vU;Fkk NksMs+axs ugha* vaneku esa Lodh;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj ;wa gh pqipki ugha ns[ksaxs] D;ksafd ;g ge HkyhHkkafr tkurs gSa fd
vkf[kj gekjh eqfDr vaneku fLFkr gekjs O;ogkj ij ftruh fuHkZj gS] mlls vf/kd og fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd gok dh rfik ij
fuHkZj gS] mlls vf/kd og fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd gok dh rfik ij fuHkZj jgsxhA fganqLFkku dk okrkoj.k tc rd jktcafn;ksa] dks cjh
djus ds fy, NsM+s x, vkanksyu ls vkSj yksder dks dqN jktuhfrd ego izkIr gksus rIr ugha gqvk Fkk] rc rd ,sls jktcanh] tks
^ckjh okD;a izek.ke~* dgrs gq, cSBs Fks rFkk fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud dk;Z esa lacaf/kr rVLFk Hkkouk j[krs Fks] os Hkh esjs tSls gh lM+ jgs FksA
mUgsa ljdkj ^le>nkj* le>us yxh vkSj vU; yksxksa ls FkksM+h&cgqr vf/kd lqfo/kk,a nsus yxh] og Hkh rc tc vU; cafn;ksa ds vkanksyu
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dBksj O;ogkj dk fuks/k djus yxsA os ;fn brus /k`Vkhy ugha curs rks ;s le>nkj Hkh ljdkj dks ^lqkhy* izrhr ugha
gksrsA dkjkxkj esa jktcanh pkgs yk[ x cudj ukd dh lh/k esa pysa] ijarq ljdkj bruh Hkksyh ugha Fkh fd cl mrus ls mUgsa cjh dj
nsrhA eqfDr gksxh rks rHkh] tc izeq[kr% fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr ds nkoa&isapksa esa og ,d vuqdwy nkao gksxkA rHkh] tc izeq[kr% fganqLFkku
dh jktuhfr ds nkao&isapks esa og ,d vuqdwy nkao gksxkA rHkh bl rjg dh /kkj.kk cuus ;ksX; yksder izcy gksx kA ;g Hkh gesa
dkjkxkjh; gh ugha] vfirq ,sfrgkfld vuqHko ls fufpr Kkr FkkA
viuh bl fuR; dh uhfr ds vuqlkj geus e/;e ekxZ viuk;kA gtkjksa cafn;ksa ij fd, x, vR;kpkj dksbZ Hkh mrus ifj.kkedkjd <ax
ls izLrqr ugha dj ldrk] ftrus fd geA vr% geus dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx ds lkeus xokg cuus dk fup; fd;kA geus r; fd;k fd
Lo;a igy u djrs gq, ;fn vk;ksx Lo;a gekjs ikl oLrqfLFkfr dks tkuus vk tk, rHkh dgk tk, vkSj mlesa Hkh ogh ckrsa dgsa ftUgsa
ge iwjh rjg lR; fl} dj ldsaA mlds iwNus ij lR; dgsa rks Hkh ljdkj gesa ^/k`Vkhy* le>dj ugha NksMs+xh&fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus
og NksM+uk gh ugha pkgrh Fkh&,d ugha rks dksbZ nwljk fufek crk,xh& ;gh vifjgk;Z FkkA bl rjg fdlh Hkh izdkj ls ;fn eqfDr ugha
gh gksuh gS rks gtkjksa cafn;ksa dk] fokskr% jktcafn;ksa dk fgr u djuk vius drZO; ls P;qr gksuk gS] ,slk gesa yxkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
396
var esa tc vk;ksx vaneku vk x;k rks tSlk visf{kr Fkk] mlh rjg BsB gekjs ckjs esa iwNrk gqvk og gekjh dksBjh esa gh vk /kedkA
mleas Jh tSDlu Fks] ftUgksaus cacbZ dkjkxkj foHkkx esa vkthou vius vf/kdkj dk Madk ctk;k FkkA iuxy ds egjkt vkSj vU; mPp
inkf/kdkjh yksx Hkh FksA mUgksaus ckr djrs&djrs Lo;a gh izukskj :i esa vaneku dk mifuosk] dkjkxkjh; O;oLFkk rFkk jktcafn;ksa vkfn
ds laca/k esa ppkZ izkjaHk dhA rc geus ml fok; dh tkudkjh O;ofLFkr <ax ls muds lkeus izLrqr dhA ppkZ uhfr dk Kku djkus ds
fy, muesa ls ,d&nks pqVdqys uhps ns jgk gwa
l/ks gq, rdZkq} mkj

jktcafn;ksa ij fd, x, vla[; vR;kpkjksa dh jkedgkuh] tks bl iqLrd esa vc rd of.kZr gS] mldk o.kZu djrs&djrs geus Hkkuflag
dh /kqukbZ dh tkudkjh Hkh ns nhA vr% ml ppkZ esa xksjs lnL;ksa ls Hkh vf/kd m}r vkSj rSk Hkjs Loj esa vf/kdkjh i{k dk leFkZu
djrs gq, ,d Hkkjrh; lnL; us dgk] ^îjarq Hkkuflag ds kjhj ij gq, ?kko] ekjihV ds dkj.k gh gq,] ;g vkius dSls tkuk\**
ôs vius vki gks x, ;g ekuuk vlaHko Fkk] blfy,A**
vk;ksx us ,d vU; lnL; us dgk] ^ôg lh<+h mrjrs le; pDdj [kkdj fxj iM+k Fkk] rc os ?kko gq, FksA vki ekjihV ds le;
izR;{k ogka mifLFkr ugha Fks u\ fQj lquh&lqukbZ ckrsa O;FkZ gSaA**
eSa % ij Hkkuflag] tSlk vki dg jgs gSa] lh<+h ls fxj x;k] D;k ml le; vki ogka mifLFkr Fks \ ughaA rks fQj vkidks Hkh fdlh us
;g tks lquh&lqukbZ tkudkjh nh gS] og Hkh csdkj gSA esjh tkudkjh ls Hkh og vf/kd vfoluh; gS] D;ksafd ?kVuk ?kVh rc vki ,d
lkxj ikj fganqLFkku esa Fks vkSj eSa b/kj gh ek= ,d nhokj dh vksV esa FkkA eSaus og ph[k&iqdkj] ekjks&ekjks rFkk rFkk Hkkx&nkSM+ dk kksj
lk{kkr~ vius dkuksa ls lquk gS vkSj vusd yksxksa us tks ?kVuk LFky ij mifLFkr Fks] ikap feuV ds vanj esjs ikl vkdj og ?kVuk
T;ksa&dh&R;ksa eq>s crk nh FkhA
lnL; % gesa vf/kdkfj;ksa us tkudkjh nhA
eSa % vkSj eq>s mu jktcafn;ksa us tkudkjh nh tks ml txg mifLFkr FksA eSa ugha le>rk fd os jktcanh bu vf/kdkfj;ksa ls de
fooluh; gSaA ;gka ds dkjkxkj ds fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds izeknkhy gksus ds dkj.k ;g vf/kd laHko gS fd mUgksaus ?kVuk fod`r
djds crkbZ vkSj ofjB vf/kdkjh Lo;a ?kVukLFky ij Fks ughaA blds vfrfjDr eSaus :X.kky; esa Hkkuflag ds kjhj ij NM+h dh ekj ds
fukku viuh vka[kksa ls ns[ks FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
397
blds Ikpkr~ esjs vfHkizk; ls lacaf/kr b/kj&m/kj dh ppkZ djrs gq, ,d us dgk] ^îj vkidks dkjkxkj ds ckgj NksM+us ij vki D;k
djsaxs\** blls igys fd eSa dqN mkj nsrk] ,d vU; lnL; us O;aX;kRed galh ds lkFk dgk] ^ôgh iqu% jktnzksg QSykus dk dkeA** eSaus
dgk] ^^vki vius vkidks varjKkuh le>rs gSaA vU;Fkk ;g dgus ds fy, fd esjs eu esa D;k gS] vki vkxs ugha c<+rsA vPNk] eku
yhft,] jktnzksg QSykus dk dke eSaus iqu% vkjaHk fd;k Hkh rks vki eq>s iqu% idM+ ldsaxsA dy dksbZ pksjh djsxk] blfy, vki mlds
,slk dqN Hkh djus ds igys vius gh fu;e ds fo:} D;k vkt gh mls bl dkjkxkj eas can dj nsaxs \ vkids fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij gh
eq>s dkjkxkj ls ckgj NksM+uk U;k;laxr gSA xr ikap okksZ esa eq> ij ,d Hkh vfHk;ksx ugha pyk;k x;kA mUgsa Hkh dkjkx`g esa vki ,d
okZ ls vf/kd can ugha djrs] ftUgksaus dkjkxkj rksM+dj Hkkx tkus tSls eq>ls Hkh vf/kd cM+s vijk/k fd, gSaA dkjkxkj dh gh ckr D;k]
fganqLFkku esa Hkh ;fn eq>s [kqyk NksMk+ x;k rks eSa m/kj Hkh fufpr krkZsa dk izkekf.kdrk ds lkFk ikyu d:axkA ;fn vki jktuhfr esa
fgLlk ugha ysxs nsaxs rks nsk ,oa ekuotkfr dh vU; :i esa nsklsok d:axk] mlds fgrkFkZ dej dlwaxkA ;fn eSaus opu Hkax Hkh fd;k rks
vki eq>s iqu% vktUe dkjkokl ij Hkst ldrs gSaA vkidh fucZa/k dkuwu kfDr rks lw{e] izcy ,oa loZlk{kh gS ghA
lnL; % vki vxj dkuwuh nk;js esa ugha vk, rks blls ;g fl} ugha gksrk fd vki dkuwu Hkax dj gh ugha jgs FksA jktnzksg ds
vfHk;ksx esa u Qalus ij Hkh ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd vkius jktnzksg fd;k gh ughaA
eSa % ysfdu fd;k gS] ;g Hkh rks ugha dgk tk ldrkA fdlh dks pksj dgus dk gesa rc rd vf/kdkj ugha gksrk tc rc og pksjh djrs
idM+k ugha tkrk vFkok fof/kd legal lansg mRiUu ugha gqvk gksA ogh fLFkfr jktnzksg dh gSA eSaus dbZ ckj xouZj tujy rd vius
fopkj igqapk, gSaA oS/k mik;ksa ls feyusokys lq/kkj esa FkksM+k&cgqr lkoZtfud jktuhfrd fgr lk/; gksxkA mlh oS/k ekxZ ls eSa ;g iz;kl
djuk pkgrk gwa fd og lk/; gksrk gS ;k ughaA ;fn lq/kkj dk mlh rjg mi;ksx gksrk x;k vkSj mlls vxys lq/kkj dk ekxZ [kqy x;k
rks dksbZ Hkh jkT;kafrjh oS/k vkSj kkafr ds ekxZ ls gh nskfgr lk/; djus ds fy, iz;Rujr jguk pkgsxkA euq; viuh tku ls bruk
rks ugha c tkrk fd fcuk dkj.k og jDrikr rFkk izk.k?kkr dh fnkk esa izo`k gksA tc ge fu:ik; gks x, rHkh geus og Hk;adj ekxZ
viuk;k] u fd fdlh kkSd lsA ;fn esjs opu ls vkidks fookl ugha gks jgk gks fd eSa jktuhfr esa oS/k ekxZ dk vuqlj.k d:axk] rks
eSa fyf[kr opu nsus ds fy, rS;kj gwa fd eSa ,d
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
398
fufpr vof/k rd jktuhfr esa fcYdqy fgLlk ugha ywaxkA 79 eSa gh D;ksa esjs vU; Lusgh Hkh ,slk opu nsaxsA vr% bl krZ ij rks ge
jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr fd;k tk,A jktuhfr NksM+dj vU; ekxkZsa }kjk Hkh ge yksd&lsok vkSj lkfgR;&ls ok dj ldsaxsA ml ij Hkh canh
D;ksa\ brus lkjs lPps kwj rFkk fuLokFkZ vkRekvksa rFkk kfDr dks bu iRFkjksa dh nhokjksa ds chp esa O;FkZ D;ksa jgus nsrs gSa \ vk;jySaM ds
fonzksfg;ksa dks nl ckj cjh fd;kA mUgksaus nl ckj krksaZ dks Hkax fd;k] rFkkfi muds iq u% opu nsrs gh vkius mUgsa X;kjgoka volj
iznku fd;k&fQj de&ls&de ,d ckj ge ij fookl djds D;ksa ugha ns[krs\ ,d volj gesa Hkh D;ksa ugha fn;k tk,\
blh Loj esa ?kaVk&Ms<+ ?kVk laHkkk.k gqvkA vanekuh; dkjk laLFkk ds laiw.kZ Hk;adj Lo:i] taxy ds dke] jcM+ ds dke vkfn esa cafn;ksa
ds gks jgs mRihM+u ls tqM+h vkfn lkjh jkedgkuh dghA og bl xazFk esa gS gh] vr% iqu:fDr djuk mfpr ughaA
blh rjg dqy naM&foKku rFkk fk{kk&foKku criminal law and penollogy dk ewy /;s; vkSj O;ogkj dSlk gks] dkjk laLFkk ds
baXySaM fLFkr cksLVZy laLFkk ls ysdj vesfjdk vkfn LFkkuksa ds u,&u, iz;ksxksa ls lacaf/kr fok;ksa ij Hkh vk;ksx us gekjs lkFk pPkkZ dhA
blds Ikpkr~ mldk lqlxr lkjkak ,d vkosnu&i= esa Hkstus ds fy, dgdj vk;ksx pyk x;kA
gekjh rjg gh jktcafn;ksa esa ls vkSj nks&pkj vkosnu&i= mUgksaus eaxok, FksA ckgj Hkh ftys&ftys esa ls gekjh fufpr i}fr dh Hkkkk
ls fofHkUu usrk cafn;ksa us vkosnu&i= HkstsA vFkkZr~ os dsoy viuh gh ppkZ dh Hkkkk ls fofHkUu usrk cafn;ksa us vkosnu&i= HkstsA vFkkZr~
os dsoy viuh gh ppkZ dj ldsA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks vkosnu&i= loZFkk fuHkhZd FksA lHkh dh ekaxs ,deq[kh FkhA b/kj&m/kj ls
vkokt mBk] vaneku dk mifuosk tSlk gS] oSls gh u pyk;k tk, vkSj bls rqjr
a can fd;k tk,A izk;% lHkh ;gh ekax djus yxs fd
vaneku dk canh mifuosk vkewy can fd;k tk,A vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ds lekpkj&i=ksa esa ;gh gYyk ep x;k fd vaneku ds vR;kpkj can
djus ds fy, og mifuosk gh can djuk pkfg,A caxyk Hkkkk esa ,sls gh ys[k Nis] D;ksafd mifuosk gh can djuk vkSj mifuosk dk
Lo:i cnyuk] buesa tks varj Fkk] mldh lw{erk vFkok ;FkkFkZ Lo:i fganqLFkku esa dksbZ ugha tkurk Fkk vkSj ogka ds canh ,sls ugha Fks
tks ml lw{e varj dks rRdky xzg.k dj ldsaA vr% ^vanekuh; mifuosk rksM+ks*& bl ukjs ds lgh&lgh vFkZ dk vius mli= esa geus
funkZu fd;k FkkA vkxs pydj ;g LiV gksxk f dbl Hksnok cafn;ksa dh lk/kkj.k
79
ckn esa ,sls gh opu ij ohj lkojdj dks 6 tuojh ds fnu canhx`g ls eqDr dj jRukfxjh esa LFkkuc} fd;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
399
Ikzo`fk dk gesa fdl rjg fojks/k djuk iM+kA gekjs vkosnu&i= esa dkjk laLFkk rFkk naM&foKku ds /;s; vkSj O;ogkj fok;d tks ppkZ dh
xbZ Fkh] mldh :ijs[kk uhps nh gqbZ gS&
dkjkokl dh O;oLFkk
naM&foKku dk /;s; nafMrksa dk vkfRed] ekufld rFkk kkjhfjd lq/kkj gks] u fd izfrkks/kA ,d ifj.kkedkjh lk/kuLo:Ik gh] tks bl
uSfrd lq/kkj dks laHko djrk vkSj uSfrd voufr dks jksdrk gS] ;Fkkizek.k vR;ko;d izfrkks/k vkSj kklu dk voyacu fd;k tk,A
vHkh rd euq; LoHkko dh wj izo`fk;ksa dk iwjk foukk u gksus ds dkj.k vkSj ;g vuqHko ckj&ckj gksus ds dkj.k fd naM ds Hk; ls
dbZ yksx vf/kd la;fer jgdj lkekftd ca/kuksa dk ikyu djrs gSa] vijk/kh dks vijk/k ds visf{kr lq[k dh vis{kk vijk/k djus ls
vf/kd nq%[k gksrk gS&bl rjg izR;{k Mj yxus yxs] cl bruk gh naM nsuk vko;d gSA ijarq og naM O;fDr&foksk ds rFkk vijk/k dh
ifjfLFkfr ds lkis{k U;wukf/kd dBksj gksA lk/kkj.kr% dksM+ksa vFkok Qkalh dk naM ;fn fufk} ugha ekuk tk lds rks Hkh ;g naM ml O;fDr
dks gh fn;k tk,] ftls fdlh Hkh mik; ls lq/kkjuk vlaHko izrhr gksrk gSA
tks nafMr gksrs gSa mudk oxhZdj.k muds vYio;] lq/kkj.kh; LoHkko] vijk/k dk IkPkkkki] vijk/k dh vFkok nafMr gksus dh la[;k vkfn
dqN LFkwy vk/kkjksa ij gks vkSj mudk lq/kkj.kh; vFkok nqLlq/kkj.kh;] naMuh; vFkok n;uh;&bl izdkj dk foHkktu gksA muesa ;FkklaHko
lfEeJ.k u gksA lq/kkj.kh; vFkok naMuh; oxZ dks ,d gh rjg ds naM ds v/khu ijarq lkSE; kklu ds uhps j[ksa vkSj fojks/kh oxZ dks
lkis{kr% dBksj vkSj dM+s kklu esa j[kk tk,A lq/kkj ds vuqlkj bl oxZ dks ml oxZ esa vFkok ml oxZ dks bl oxZ esa Mkyk tk,A
;g mn~ns; dHkh u j[kk tk, fd nafMrksa ls dke djokdj dkjkxkj laLFkk dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lq/kkjh tk, vFkok dqN vkfFkZd izkfIr dh
tk,A mls bl rjg dh fk{kk dM+kbZ ls nh tk, f dog igys ls vf/kd vPNk ukxfjd cus vkSj Lora= txr~ esa iqu% izosk djsA
vaneku tSls LFkku ij fk{kk xzg.k u djus dk tks vizR;{k fu;e Fkk] og dsoy kSrkuh izo`fk dk gh |ksrd FkkA dke dh vfuok;Zrk
cafn;ksa ij dh tk,A fk{kk fokskr% lkekftd ln~xq.k vkSj uSfrdrk c<+kusokyh gksA
fokskr% chl&ckbl okksZa rd ds cafn;ksa dks dHkh Hkh vlq/kkj.kh; u le>k tk,] fQj mudk dkuwuh vijk/k pkgs tks gksA bl fup; ds
lkFk fd mUgsa Hkkoh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
400
ukxfjd cuk;k tk ldrk gS] O;fDr LoHkko ds vuqlkj l[r vFkok lkSE; kklu }kjk mUgsa fk{kk nh tk,A mUgsa ,sls O;olk; fl[kk,
tk,a tks lektksi;ksxh rFkk muds pfj= ds ikskd gksaA chp&chp esa mUgsa euksjatd laxhr] fp=iV vkfn dh vuqefr Hkh nh tk,] tks
muesa jkVh; rFkk ekuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl esa lgk;d gksA
vFkkZr~ mudh fLFkfr fuR; gh bruh dVizn gksuh pkfg,] ftlls dkjkxkj mUgsa ckgjh txr~ ls vf/kd dVizn ,oa nqLlg izrhr gksA ij
og nqLlgrk vius vki eksy yh gS] vkSj fu;ekuqdwy vkpj.k j[kdj lkekftd ln~xq.k ftrus kh?kz lh[ksa] mruh gh kh?kzrkiwoZd os iqu%
ml lekt esa Lora=rk dk lq[k vuqHko dj ldrs gSa] ,slh fufpr vuqHkwfr muesa mRiUu dh tk,A
;g fl}kar fd dqN oakksa esa iki&izo.krk tUefl} gksrh gS] mlh foksk mnkgj.k rd mldk voyacu fd;k tk,A lk/kkj.kr% ;g fl}
gksus ds fy, ftruk izek.k pkfg,] mldk krkak Hkh vHkh miyC/k ugha gS] tcfd foijhr izek.k foiqy ek=k esa miyC/k gSaA
mi;qZDr :ijs[kk vR;ar la{ksi esa nsus ls mlds fo/kku lafnX/k izrhr gksaxs] ijarq geus ekSf[kd ppkZ esa mudk foospu fd;k FkkA vaneku
lacaf/kr viuh uhfr geus njkkbZ Fkh fd ;|fi tyok;w dh n`fV ls vaneku orZeku esa LokLF; fo?kkrd gS] fQj Hkh iz;klksa ls og
LokLF;izn gks ldrk gSA jgu&lgu rFkk O;oLFkk mke gks rks vaneku esa vkt Hkh nh?kkZ;qkh rFkk LoLFk turk jg ldrh gSA vaxszt
vkfn laiUu vf/kdkjh m/kj vPNs&Hkys V&iqV jg ldrs gSaA
jkVh; n`fV ls ;g vko;d gS fd ,sls yksxksa dks] ftuds LoHkko esa vioknLo:i wjrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS vFkok lkekftd fu;e ckj&ckj
Hkax djus ls tks LkH; lekt esa ugha jg ldrs] fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkjksa esa O;FkZ lM+k&xykdj ekjus dh vis{kk vaneku tSls }hi esa jgus
ds fy, Hkstuk jkVh; n`fV ls fgrdkjh gSA mlls muds thou dk dqN lkekftd Qy izkIr gksxkA viuk O;fDrxr thou Hkh mUgsa
vf/kd lq[kdj rFkk lq/kkj.kh; izrhr gksxk] D;ksafd fkV txr~ ds lkSE; fucZa/kksa esa Hkys gh os viuk ifjokj] viuk lekt cukdj ugha
jg lds] rFkkfi ,sls dBksj vuqkklu esa] tks mudh mn~naM izo`fk dks fu;af=r djs] ogka os lekt cukdj jg ldrs gSaA ,sls LokFkka Z/k
vkSj wj yksx Hkh dkjkxkjh; dBksj vuqkklu esa ekse ls Hkh uje cudj lkekftd fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, ns[ks tkrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa
dks mifuosk esa fookg dj] O;olk; djds ?kj clkus dh vuqefr nsus ls mudh kfDr Hkh lekt dh n`fV ls lQy gksxh] lekt ij os
cks> ugha cusaxs] mudh larku ds mke ukxfjd cuus dk volj Hkh gkFk ls ugha NwVsxkA Hkkjrh; dkjkxkj eas mUgsa pkSng&pkSng okZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
401
lM+kus ls brus yksx larkghu jg tkrs gSa] ftlls jkV dk la[;k&cy ?kVrk gSA mifuoskksa esa mu L=h&iq:kksa dks dBksj vuqkklu esa
x`gLFkh clkus dk volj nsus ls blesa o`f} gksxhA dukMk vkSj vkWLVsfy;k vkfn mifuosk blh rjg mn~naM vijkf/k;ksa dh larfr ls vkt
vakr% le`} cuk, x, gSaA blds vfrfjDr fkV vkSj le`} nskksa esa tks ykxs mn~nM
a izrhr gksrs gSa] muds fy, ogha mn`naMrk] w jrk
rFkk dBksj LoHkko] ccZj] taxyh ,oa mxz yksxksa }kjk vkfer mtkM+ HkwHkkx dks mitk vkSj le`} cukus ds fy, vko;d gh ugha]
mi;qDr Hkh gksrk gSA ,rnFkZ vaneku tSls }hi[kaM dks clkus ds fy, bu cafn;ksa dk mi;ksx dj ysus ls ,d u;k mifuosk fganqLFkku dks
izkIr djk nsus dk egoiw.kZ dk;Z muds vkSj gekjs gkFkksa ls gks ldsxkA
gekjk vfHkizk; ;g ugha fd blds fy, vaneku ds dkjkx`g dks can fd;k tk,] gekj vfHkizk; cl ;g gS fd bl mifuosk dh dsoy
taxyh ,oa wjrkiw.kZ uhfr vkSj fucZa/kksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk,A vaneku esa ^dke dldj fy;k tk,A bruk gh ugha vfirq ;g O;oLFkk
vaneku ds ego esa dYiukrhr o`f} djsxhA
vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa tks Hk; lek;k gqvk gS fd vaneku dk ego vFkok mls clkus ds fy, vkt rd tks djksMk+ s :i;k O;; gqvk]
og lkjk ikuh esa tk,xk&bl Hk; dk dksbZ dkj.k ksk ugha jgsxk] ;fn gekjh ckrksa ij /;ku fn;k tk,A bruk gh ugha vfirq ;g
O;oLFkk vaneku ds ego esa dYiukrhr o`f} djsxhA
rc ls] ftl fnu geus vaneku esa ikao j[kk] gesa ,slk izrhr gksrk jgk gS fd vaneku fganqLFkku dk ,d tynwxZ gSA vkt ugha rks dy]
;gka gokbZ rFkk lkxfjdk dasnz Hkh izLFkkfir fd;k tk,xk vkSj ;fn fganqLFkku ij dHkh iwoZ fnkk dh jktuhfrd egodka{kk dk vU;k;iw.kZ
vke.k gqvk rks mlds lkeqfnzd csMs+ rFkk gokbZ tgktksa dks vaneku dk nqxZ jksdxkA
bl izdkj vkSj vU; rF;ksa ls Hkjk ,d vkosnu geus vk;ksx dks HkstkA gekjh ekSf[kd ppkZ rFkk vkosnu&i= esa of.kZr vaneku ds
tynqxZ dh ubZ n`fV ls ;ksX;rk ,oa Hkfo;ok.kh lqudj vk;ksx ds dbZ yksx ,sls pkSads tSls mUgksaus dqN vn~Hkqr lquk gksA dqN yksx ,sls
gal iM+s tSls mUgksaus dqN langs kLin lh ckr lquh gksA fQj Hkh ml lwpuk dh muij ,slh Nki yxh fd mldh Le`fr jgsA D;ksafd mlds
Ikpkr~ gekjs dbZ Ik;Zos{kd eghuksa ml ikap uacj ds fujh{k.kkFkZ vkrs le; lud esa gks rks lkxj dh vksj funsZk djrs gq, O;aX; ls
dgrs] ^lkojdj] oks ns[kks] vaneku ds vkids
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
402
Hkkoh tynqxZ fLFkr j.krfj;ka b/kj&m/kj igjk ns jgh gSa eSa Hkh lfLer eqnzk esa dgrk] ^vki ;k eSa kk;n u ns[k ldsa] ijarq gekjh larku
mUgsa vo; ns[kasxhA*80
;g ?kVuk lu~ 1919&20 dh gSA ml le; eSaus ftldh vkkk O;Dr Fkh fd Hkfo; esa gekjh larkusa ;g ns[kasxh] og fn[kkbZ nsus dh
laHkkouk vkt vFkkZr~ lu~ 1926 esa gh izrhr gks jgh gS] D;kasfd ijlksa uoacj ds ,d i= esa i<+k fd ^vaneku }hi dk Hkfo; esa
vijkf/k;ksa ds mifuosk ds fy, mi;ksx u djrs gq, mls Loiksk.kkFkZ leFkZ mifuosk cukus rFkk ukS&lk/ku foHkkx ds ukS lsuk ;k ukS lsuk
vkjesMk ;a=ksa ds dk;kZsa dh n`fV ls bl }hi dh tks mi;ksfxrk gS] mlls ykHk mBkus ds fy, fganqLFkku ljdkj us izfrokZ 411 yk[k
:Ik, O;; djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA*
bl laca/k esa ;gka cl bruk gh dguk vko;d gS fd lu~ 1910 esa vaneku esa iSj j[krs gh viuh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj bl ;kstuk
ij geus fopkj fd;k] tks vkt rd fdlh ds xys ugha mrjk Fkk] ftldk vkt rd ge ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr leFkZu Hkh djrs vk, gSaA
;fn ;g lekpkj lR; gS fd og ;kstuk var esa QyksUeq[k gks jgh gS] rks gesa vR;f/kd izlUurk gSA ijarq gesa ,slk izrhr ugha gksrk fd
vaneku esa lkeqfnzd ,oa ok;wlsuk dk vM~Mk cukus ds fy, ogka vijkf/k;ksa dk mifuosk can djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ughaA izR;qr gekjs
erkuqlkj og mifuosk oSls gh&ijarq jkVh; rFkk lq/kkj uhfr ls&pyuk vaneku dh le`f}] laeUurk rFkk lSfud&kfDr ds fy, loZFkk
vuqdwy gksxkA
80
orZeku esa vaneku esa Hkkjrh; ukS lsuk dk vM~Mk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
403
izdj.k&8
lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dh eqfDr

dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx okil ykSV x;kA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd gekjs lkFk gqbZ ifjppkZ rFkk gekjs vkosnu dk mu lnL;ksa ij vR;f/kd
izHkko iM+k FkkA blesa Hkh lansg ugha fd ml lkjh ppkZ esa ^;fn lq/kkj lQy gksrs jgs rks kafrdkjh kkafriw.kZ ekxZ dk voyacu djsaxsA*
bl rjg geus tks :[k viuk;k Fkk] mlesa ls gekjs ^;fn&rfn* ls dqfir ,oa lansgkhy gksdj vk;ksx us gekjh eqfDr dk vuqjks/k
fganqLFkku ljdkj ls ugha fd;kA rFkkfi bl Hkkouk ls gtkjksa cafn;ksa ds dY;k.kFkZ vius gkFkksa ls tks dqN laHko Fkk] og geus fd;k vkSj
og Hkh ljdkj dks gesa cjh djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh U;k;k vFkok lkeatL;iw.kZ dkj.k u nsrs gq, geus vkRe&izlUurk dk lq[k vuqHko
fd;kA
m/kj ,slh ?kVuk ?kVh ftlus vk;ksx ds vkus&tkus dh /kka/kyh esa gh fganqLFkku esa jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds izu dks&tks vpkud jkVh;
Lo:i iznku fd;k og gS& cacbZ ds jkVh; la?k uskuy ;wfu;u dk lkj gtkj gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk Hkstk gqvk vkosnuA fiNys izdj.kksa
rFkk m}r i=ksa ls ikBdksa us bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k gksxk fd ge cjlksa ls ;gh pkgrs Fks fd blh izdkj ,d fokky vkosnu ljdkj dks
Hkstdj bl vksj mldk /;ku vkdfkZr djsa fd bl fok; esa yksder fdruk tkxzr gSA cacbZ] egkjkV fLFkr gekjs nskca/kqvksa ds vfojr
iz;klksa ls vkf[kj gekjh dkeuk lQy gks xbZA ljdkj geskk dgk djrh Fkh fd kafrdkfj;ksa ds laca/k esa lk/kkj.k turk vR;ar rVLFk
gS] muds izfr lekt esa jkh Hkj Hkh lgkuqHkwfr ugha gSA bruk gh ugha vfirq lk/kkj.k turk mUgsa nqV] LokFkhZ rFkk ikih vijkf/k;ksa ls
fHkUu ugha le>rhA
bl vkjksi dk mkj nsus ds fy, gekjs fopkj ls bl rjg ds jkVh; vkosnu dh furkar vko;drk FkhA blds vfrfjDr mu nskHkDrksa
ds] tks jkVh; fgrkFkZ dej dldj la?kkZjr gSa] Hkys gh muds ekxZ vuqfpr izrhr gks jgs gksa] rFkkfi [kqysvke ;g
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
404
izdV djus dk lkgl fn[kkus ls fd bu nskizsfe;ksa ds jkVh; ohjksfpr ladYi rFkk nsklsok dh ge d`rK Le`fr latks jgs gSa&jkVh; eu
ij tks mPp ukSfrd ifj.kke gksrk gS&blds fy, Hkh bl jkVh; vkosnu dh vko;drk FkhA vius ca/kq ls HksaV ds le; Hkh geus mUgsa
lwfpr fd;k FkkA muds rFkk cacbZ ds ^jkVh; la?k* ds fujarj vkanksyu ls ml vkosnu&i= ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy, yksxksa us tks
mRlkg fn[kk;k] LVsku] lM+da]s ukV~;x`g] xkaoksa esa vusd Lo;alsodks a us tks dBksj ifjJe fd;k] cacbZ tSlh egkuxjh ls ysdj Hkxwj tSls
xkao rd dqyhu efgykvksa us Hkh gLrk{kj djkrs rFkk ijps ckaVrs gq, ?kwe&?kwedj gekjs fy, tks Hkkouk izdV dh vkSj egkjkV dh
rjg gh fu/kkZfjr le; ij ;FkklaHko vU; jkT;ksa esa Hkh ftl ek=k esa lgkuqHkwfr nkkZbZ xbZ] mlls ianzg fnuksa ds vanj lkB&lkj gtkj
gLrk{kjksa dk vkosnu&i= fganqLFkku ds jktcafn;ksa ds bfrgkl dh ,d Lej.kh; ?kVuk cu xbZ FkhA bruk gh ugha] ;g bl ckr dk Hkh
lcy funkZd Fkk fd fganqLFkku dk jkVh; Hkko rFkk og lkgl tks mls O;Dr djrk gS] fdl rjg o`f}xar gks jgk gS] D;ksafd ,d le;
kafrdkfj;ksa dk uke ysus Hkj ls yksxksa dk dystk dkai mBrk Fkk rFkk lquusokys dks lkai lwa/k tkrk FkkA cM+h&cM+h jkVh; gfLr;ka rFkk
lekpkj&i= muds ukeksa dk ^jktJh* vkfn miin ds lkFk mYys[k u djrs gq, fdlh v/ke] ifrr ds uke dh rjg ,dopu esa mYys[k
djrs FksA
bl vkosnu&i= esa ;g ekax dh xbZ Fkh fd fganqLFkku ds lHkh jktcafn;ksa vkSj lkFk gh ge ij ljdkj ds foksk jksk ls ge nksuksa ca/kqvksa
dks Hkh kh?kz eqDr fd;k tk,A vR;ar vYikof/k gksus ds dkj.k gLrk{kj eq[;r% egkjkV ls gh fy, x,A Ik;kZIr le; gksrk rks lHkh
jkT;ksa us blh rjg gLrk{kj Hksts gksrsA vYikof/k ds ckotwn gj jkT; ls Lfkwy ek=k esa gLrk{kj vk gh pqds FksA
gekjk mi;qZDr mn~ns; iwjk gksus ls bl vkosnu&i= ls ge jktcafn;ksa dks dSlk izrhr gks jgk Fkk\ ;g lu~ 1920 esa vaneku ls Hksts
gq, rRdkyhu i= ds fuEukafdr ifjPNsn ls O;Dr gksxk&
^/kU;okn! mu lHkh dks yk[k&yk[k /kU;okn] ftu usrkvksa] nskca/kqvksa fokskr% ftl jkVh; la?k Bombay National Union us Hkkjrh;
jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, ;g vkosnu&i= Hkstus dk ftEek ysdj gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk bls laln~ rd Hkstus dk dV mBk;kA bruh
vYikof/k esa iprkj gtkj ls ij gLrk{kjksaokyk vkosnu&i= ljdkj ij egiw.kZ] fQj og vizR;{k gh D;ksa u gks] izHkko Mkys fcuk
ugha jgsxkA U;wur% bruk rks gks gh x;k fd ml ;ksx ls lekt ls lekt esa jktcafn;ksa dh uSfrd izfrBk c<+ xbZ vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds
lkFk&lkFk ml dk;Z dh Hkh] ftlds fy, mUgksaus
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
405
bruk Lka?kkZ fd;kA vc ;fn dgha gekjh eqfDr gks xbZ rks og Lohdk;Z gksxh] D;ksafd vc turk us gesa okil cqykus dh bPNk O;Dr dh
gSA vius bu nskca/kqvksa dh lgkuqHkwfr ls geas fdruh izlUurk gks jgh gS rFkk ge muds izfr fdrus d`rK gSa& bls ge iw.kZr;k O;Dr
djus esa vleFkZ gSaA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ge ftruk vius vkidks ;ksX; le>rs gSa] mUgksaus mlls gekjk vf/kd vknj&lRdkj
fd;kA*
FkksMs+ gh fnuksa esa ljdkj us jktcafn;ksa dks {keknku nsdj eqDr djus dk ladYi O;Dr fd;ka blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ftl rjg
jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk lsgjk iwokZ ij pys vk, vkanksyuksa ds flj ij cka/kuk pkfg,] mlh rjg mi;ZqDr lkoZtfud vkosnu Hkh bl
lsgjs dk vf/kdkjh gSA
,d fnu ge dkjkxkjh; dke ls fuiVdj Hkhrj can gksus ls igys vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk [kM+s Fks fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls gekjk ,d fl[k
fe= Hkkxk&Hkkxk gekjs ikl vk /kedk vkSj tksj&tksj ls rkfy;ka ctkrs gq, dgus yxk] ^^ckcwth] eqfDr! jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus dk
vknsk vk x;k gSA vki cjh gks x, ckcwth] vki vc vktkn iaNh gSA**
eqfDr! dksbZ vktUe dkjkokl vFkok Qkalh dh dksBjh esa can iM+s canh ds var%dj.k ls iwNs] bl kCn dh laHkkouk ls gh eu fdl rjg
>we mBrk gSA ml bekjr ds lkjs jktcanh pkSadrs gq, bdV~Bk gks x, vkSj êqfDr&eqDr* dk t;ukn djus yxsA
ijarq^ eqfDr* kCn geus bruh ckj lquk Fkk vkSj bruh ckj ge mlls /kks[kk [kk pqds Fks fd gekjs fuBqj eu esa mldh izlUurk vf/kd
nsj rd fVdh ugha jg ldhA lu~ 1911 esas ,d jktcanh blh rjg Hkkxk&Hkkxk vkdj jkT;kjksg.k mRlo ds dkj.k gesa cjh fd, tkus dk
lekpkj ugha lquk x;k Fkk\ rc lkjs jktcanh viuk&viuk cksfj;k&fcLrj cka/kdj tkus ds fy, rS;kj Hkh gks x, FksA ml izlax dks
vkt vkB&ukS okZ chr pqds gSa vkSj ge vHkh rd mlh dkjkxkj esa] mUgha lyk[kksa ds ihNs lM+ jg gSaA fdrus lkjs vU; jktcanh vk,
vkSj pys Hkh x,A
vr% ge vius fe= ls cM+h ckjhdh ls& ,dne cky dh [kkky fudkyrs gq, dqjsn&dqjsndj iwN jgs Fks&bl lekpkj dk vk/kkj crkvks]
Hkkkk D;k gS] ksr D;k gS] rkj vk;k Fkk D;k\ mu fnuksa ckgj ls lekpkj izkIr djus dh gekjh O;oLFkk bruh cf<+;k gks xbZ Fkh fd
tSls gh vaneku esa dksbZ rkj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFkksa esa iM+r k oSls gh mldh ,d izfr lkr leqnz] igjs] nhokjsa] rkys] pqxfy;ka] gFkdfM+;ka
vkfn lkjh ck/kkvksa dks yka?krh gqbZ ge jktcafn;ksa ds gkFkksa esa Hkh vk tkrhA mlh rjg ml fnu ds rkj dh izfr] tks gekjs fy, Hksth
xbZ Fkh] fdlh okWMZj us xqipqi gesa nsus ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
406
fy, gekjs fe= ds gkFkksa esa nh FkhA gekjs O;aX; xk.k NksM+rs gh mlus eqLdqjkrs gq, og og izfr gekjs gkFk esa FkekbZ vkSj ^vc rks gks
x;k fookl!** dgrs gq, og fot;kuan ds lkFk gesa >d>ksjus yxkA
geus rkj i<+kA jktcanh cjh ugha gksxk] ijarq og okD; geus vius fe= dks fn[kkrs gq, dgk] ^^;g ns[kk&So far as it is compatible
with public safety.** vFkkZr~ ml jkt{kek amnesty dk mi;ksx cl mruk gh djsa ftruk lkoZtfud lqj{kk ds vuqdwy gksA vFkkZr~
izk;% ge nksuksa ca/kqvksa rFkk vU; rh[ks LoHkkookys nskHkDrksa dks ugha NksM+k tk,xkA ;g vkkadk geus iznfkZr dh] rFkkfi ekuoh izo~fkok
mls lp ekuus dks dksbZ rS;kj ugha FkkA lHkh yksx lqcg rd eqfDr dh izrh{kk esa vka[ksa fcNk jgs FksA ge fuR; dh rjg ckj&ckj
psrkouh nsrs jgs fd ;g fufpr gS fd dbZ jktcanh cjh gksaxs vkSj larksktud rFkk viuh vkafkd ft; gh gS] ijarq lHkh ds eqDr u
gksus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gSA vr% ml ij Hkjkslk er djuk] vU;Fkk fujkkk dh rhozrk vf/kd nqLlg gksxhA ;g Lej.k j[kuk fd b/kj
vaneku esa gesa lgt tw>rs] dq<+rs ijarq ;FkklaHko jkVdk;Z djrs ejuk gS&cl] bruk gh fufpr gS] ksk lcdqN laHkkouk ek= gSA
vkSj ;gh gqvkA ml le; ml jkt{kek ls ge rks eqDr gq, ugha&ijarq mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls Hkh] tks gekjs cgqr okZ ckn vk, Fks&vusd
nskHkDr cjh ugha gq,A dbZ jktcanh rks vkt Hkh fganqLFkku esa fofHkUu dkjkoklksa esa can gSaA bZoj mudh eqfDr dc djsxk\ ns[ksa!
lkSHkkX;ok tks rRdky cjh gks x,] muesa izFker% ,sls dbZ yksx Fks ftUgsa iatkc vkSj xqtjkr esa lSfud kklu us nafMr fd;k FkkA muesas
ls db;ksa dks ianzg&chl&iPphl okksZa rd dk naM feyk FkkA ijarq dkjkxkj esa ikao j[krs gh Ms<+&nks&okksZa esa gh os eqDr gks x,A
naxs&Qlkn ds vfHk;ksx esa nafMr u gksrs gq, fokq} jkT;kafr ds kM~;a= ds fy, nafMr gksusokyksa esa {keknku ds Mads dk igyk YkkHk
ekf.kdrYyk ds jktcafn;ksa rFkk iatkc vkSj dkkh ds dbZ vfHk;qDr kafrdkfj;ksa dks feyk vkSj os eqDr gks x,a mudh eqfDr d fnu
fdruk gkZnk;d rFkk lqgkuk FkkA ijarq gkZ esa Hkh fuxq<+ nq%[k dh ikoZHkwfe eSa ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj vius fooluh; fe=ksa rFkk lg
dVHkksfx;ksa dks fn[kk jgk Fkk fd tks fko/kuqk geus mBk;k gS] ftl egku~ /;s; dks izkIr djus ds fy, ;g ,d mi;q} yM+k x;k gS ]
tc rd og lk/; ugha gksrk rc rd vkt dh eqfDr vkuan gksrs gq, Hkh {kf.kd gSA vkt eqDr gks x, blfy, vkuan dk {k.k] ijarq
^krohj kr lejs* la?kkZ rks djrs gh gSaA
,d nwljh egoiw.kZ ckr Hkh eSa foksk mYys[k ds lkFk dgrk Fkk fd ;|fi
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
407
bl eqfDr esa ,sls yksx Fks tks ljdkj dh uhfr ds vuqlkj pyrs gSa( ijarq dqN ,sls Hkh dV~Vj jktcanh gSa ftUgksaus lHkh gM+rkyks a esa usr`Ro
fd;k Fkk vkSj ^vfXu Hk{kd* ds :Ik esa mudk loZ= Madk ct jgk FkkA muesa ls ,d us rks iwjh&dh&iwjh bekjr esa nunukrs gq, ^xnj*
if=dk ds xhr cafn;ksa dks lquk, Fks] muesa ls ,d ds /kzqo in dh /ofu ^vks[ksa [kksyks Hkkjrh; yksxksa] jkV xjdrk tkrk gS* vkt Hkh
dkuksa esa xwat jgh gS] mls Hkh eqfDr feyhA blij esjk ;g dguk lgh Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh leL;k izeq[kr% vaneku esa muds
dkjkxkjh; vkpj.k ls vf/kd fganqLFkku ds jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa muds LFkku rFkk laHkkO; uhfr vkSj O;ogkj ij fuHkZj gksxhA vU;Fkk tks
;gh dgrs gSa vkSj ;gh vkpj.k djrs gSa fd dkjkxkj esa ekukieku dk ?kwaV ihdj e`ror~ pqipki iM+s jgks vkSj lkoZtfud laxfBr
vkanksyu dks R;kxdj de&ls&de fn[kkoVh rkSj ij gka esa gka feykrs jgks] dgusokyksa dks gh eqfDr feyhA blh ckr ij izeq[kr% fopkj
fd;k tk, rks fonzksg i{k ds dbZ jktcafn;ksa rFkk dbZ lk/kkj.k ijarq nsk&fgrSkh cafn;ksa ij uSfrd n`fV ls fo?kkrd ifj.kke gksrk vkSj
muesa gekjs lkoZtfud vkanksyu ls viuk gkFk [khapdj vyx gksus dh Hkh: izofk mRiUu gksrhA
;g dkjkxkjh; rkRdkfyd ckr NksM+ Hkh nsa rks bl eqDr yksxksa esa gekjs mu caxky cka/koksa dks] ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; jkT;kafr ds izFke wj
vk?kkr dks ca/kqor~ vius eLrd ij >syk vkSj tks yxHkx nl okksZa ls gekjs nq%[kksa] dVksa esa lg;ksxh Fks] ml dkjkxkj ds dBks j nkarksa ls
eqDr gksrs ns[kdj gesa vR;ar izlUurk gks jgh Fkh vkSj geus muls feydj mudk ;Fkksfpr vfHkuanu fd;kA muesa ls tks vkTkUe
dkjkoklh gksdj Hkh ikap&lkr okksZa esa gh cjh gksdj tk jgs Fks] muesa Hkh ,sls yksx Fks tks gekjs fudV] ifjfpr rFkk rstksefa Mr
nskfHkekuh FksA gekjs fl[k vkfn jktcafn;ksa dh Vksyh us eqDr gksrs&u&gksrs ,d lqj esa jkVh; kafr ds xhr&xkdj leqnz&xeu dk ekxZ
xqatk;kA
lquk gS] phQ dfeuj us bl fok; esa fy[ks vius izfrosnu esa ;g er iznfkZr fd;k fd ^;s kSrku ds cPps&These devils&vktUe
dkjkokl ij iqu% vk, fcuk ugha jgsaxsA* og laHkouh; gh FkkA
bu jktcafn;ksa ls vuqca/k&i= ij gLrk{kj djok;k tkrk&êSa Hkfo; esa dHkh Hkh ;k veqd okksZa rd jktuhfr vkSj jkT;kafr esa Hkkx
ugha ywaxkA iqu% ;fn eq> ij jktnzksg dk vkjksi fl} gks x;k rks eSa viuk foxr moZfjr vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkh HkqxrwaxkA*
{keknku dk rkj&ftldk mYys[k ihNs fd;k x;k gS&vkus ds Ipkr~ jktcafn;ksa esa xjekgV esa xjekxje cgl gksus yxh fd ;fn ,slh krZ
Fkksi nh tk, rks mldks Lohdkj djsa ;k ughaA eSa dgrk jgk fd Hkfo;dkyhu rFkk jkVh; fgrkuqdwy dksbZ
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
408
Hkh krZ ekuh tk,A fkokth&t;flag] fkokth&vQty] pedksj ds Ikpkr~ iyk;u esa Jh xq:xksfoan rFkk Lo;a Hkxoku~ Jhd`.k
mnkgj.kksa ls lHkh ds eu ij eSa ;gh vafdr dj jgk FkkA tks eku/ku] ftn~nh Fks] mu ohjksa dks ;g ckr ekU; ugha gks jgh
dV] ;a=.kk,a >sydj Hkh ftudk ladYi jkh Hkj Hkh ugha fMxk Fkk] mUgsa esjk fojk/k djrs ns[kdj esjs eu esa vius nsk ds
fok; esa vf/kdkf/kd vkkk iuius yxhA ijarq var esa eSa muds xys esa ;g mrkjrs esa lQy jgk fd oSlk gh djuk mfpr gS]
dh eqfDr ds le; lcus vuqca/k&i= ij vk[ksa ewandj gLrk{kj fd, vkSj fQj dkjkxkj dk rkyk rksM+ fn;kA
ds vusd
FkhA brus
Hkfo; ds
jktcafn;ksa
muds ihNs&ihNs ,d&,d Vksyh djrs&djrs vusd jktcanh cjh gks x,A Jh;qr~ HkkbZ ijekuan dh eqfDr ls rks lHkh ds eu esa izlUurk dh
ygj nkSM+ xbZA D;ksafd ;|fi mUgsa dkjkxkj esa vk, ikap okZ Hkh ugha gq, Fks rFkkfi ogka ds thou ls rFkk ekuork ls oafpr ml
nqVrkiw.kZ okrkoj.k esa lkal ysus ls brus c pqds Fks fd mUgksaus vkRekiZ.k djus dk fup; fd;k vkSj ,d eghus ds ij vUu&R;kx
djds e`R;q rd vukuozr vkjaHk fd;k FkkA 81 geus mUgsa dbZ rjg ls ml o`fk ls foeq[k djus ds fy, dej dlh gqbZ FkhA var esa
{keknku dk lekpkj lqudj mlesa muds cjh gksus dh laHkkouk fn[kkbZ ns us yxhA rc mUgsa cyiwoZd ukd esa ufydk yxkdj nw/k fiyk;k
tkrkA muds vUu xzg.k djus ds Ikpkr~ FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa mudh eqfDr dk izlUurknk;d lekpkj vk x;kA cM+s LusgiwoZd gels feyrs
gq, ôkLro esa vkids cjh gksus dh ckjh FkhA eq>s tkus esa cM+k ladksp gks jgk gS* dgrs gq, vJqiw.kZ us=ksa ls mUgksaus gels fonk yhA
geus ;g dgrs gq, fd ^vkidks tkrs ns[kdj gesa bruh izlUurk gks jgh gS fd vius dks gh Hkwy x;k gwa* mUgsa izhfriwoZd fonk fd;kA
jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh laHkkouk fn[krs gh ml fnu ls ysdj eqfDr lacaf/kr vafre Vksyh ds cjh gksus rd lkIrkfgd ,oa nSfud cSBdksa
esa] ladVksa esa vius nsk dh Lora=rk ds fy, vc fdl lkoZtfud dk;Ze dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk,] ge rFkk gekjs lkFkh loZ= bldh
ppkZ djrs jgs FksA bl dkjkxkj esa vkrs le; os nskHkDr ,oa LokFkZR;kxh iq:k Fks] ijarq mu ikap&nl okksZa esa muesa ls izR;sd canh bruk
fkf{kr] lgukhy rFkk fopkjkhy cu x;k Fkk fd muesa ls izk;% lHkh loZFkk ;FkkFkZ:is.k ûkyank fogkj* ds vkpk;Z vFkok Lukrd dh
mikf/k ds ;ksX; cu x, FksA vc os u
81
ijekuan dks feJd dk dke fn;k x;k FkkA ijarq muds }kjk iRuh dks Hksts gq, i= esa vaneku dh Hkhk.k fLFkfr dk o.kZu gksus ls
og i= izdkfkr gks x;k vkSj ijekuan dks dfuB dke fn;k x;k] ftlls os >qa>yk x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
409
dsoy lSfud Fks izR;qr lsukuh gksus ;ksX; Hkh Fks] D;ksafd mudk euksosx u dsoy rkRdkfyd mkstuk ij fVdk Fkk izR;qr okksaZ rd Hkksxs gq,
naM ls ridj vkSj Lo;a la;fer cy ls ned jgk FkkA ;g ns[k gesa cM+h [kqkh gksrhA ;g ns[kdj fd gekjs lgs gq, dVksa ds Qy }kjk
dqN&u&dqN rks Lonsk dks feysxk gh] bu yksxksa ds ek/;e ls vius fopkj vkSj dk;Z LojkV esa dqN rks vo; Qsysaxs] mik;ksftr gksaxs]
blls gesa vkRerqfV izkIr gksrhA muesa ls dbZ ,sls Fks ftUgsa vkRegR;k ds xM~<s ds fdukjs ls geus vius gkFkksa ls idM+dj ihNs [khapk
FkkA vkf[kj muds eqDr thou ls vc jkV dks ykHk gksxk] bl larksk dk vkLokn ge ckj&ckj ysrs jgsA
jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka NwVrs&NwVrs vkf[kj rhl&,d Nus gq, tks yksx ogka jgs] lgt gh gS fd muesa ge nksuksa ca/kq Hkh FksA ijarq vU;ksa esa
dqN jktcanh ,sls Hkh Fks fd fganqLFkku ds kafrdkjh d`R;ksa vFkok vaneku ds dkjkoklh] fdlh Hkh n`fV ls ns[kk tk, rks muls vf/kd
^/k`Vkhy* rFkk ^nqjkxzgh* jktcanh ds eqDr gksus ij Hkh ;g le>uk vla Hko Fkk fd mUgsa cjh D;ksa ugha fd;k x;k\ bu jktcafn;ksa esa ls
lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks eqDr djus dh /kka/kyh esa gj O;fDr dks Bhd ls Nkuchu ugha fd, tkus ds dkj.k vkSj izk;% Nkuchu djus dk dksbZ
Hkh ,d eki fufpr ugha gksus ds dkj.k dbZ ckj xsgwa ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh ihlk x;kA
nl okksZa ls ,fM+;k jxM+rs&jxM+rs jktcafn;ksa dh efDr dk tks ;g egkioZ vk;k Fkk] mlesa ls ge lw[ks&ds&lw[ks gh ckjg fudysA gekjs
lkFk vk, vktUe dkjkoklh cjh gks x,A gekjs ihNs&ihNs vk, canh Hkh cjh gks x,A gekjs lkr&vkB okksZa ckn vk, vktUe dkjkoklh
,d&nks okZ naM Hkqxrdj cjh gks x,] ijarq ge tSls Fks oSls gh iM+s jgs] ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV ugha feyhA
bl ?kVuk dk fganqLFkku ds yksxksa ij FkksM+k&cgqr izHkko gq, fcuk ugha jgkA T;ksa&T;ksa ljdkj gesa ihNs <dsyrh jgh R;ksa&R;ks a yksd&n; dh
n`fV esa Le`fr gh izeq[kr% vkxs&vkxs [kM+h jgrhA fnYyh esa ofjB fo/kkueaMy 182 ds yksdizfrfuf/k;ksa us vusd izu iwNsA lekpkj&i=ksa esa
lrr ekax gksrh jghA jkVh; lHkk ds dk;Zdkjh eaMy dh cSBd esa izLrko fd;k x;k fd ^lkojdj ca/kqvksa vkSj iatkc ds cksxkjru pkS/kh
dks ljdkj NksM+ nsA*
vkf[kj gekjk Hkkx [kqy x;k vkSj ge Hkh eqDr gks x,A vU; cafn;ksa dks vaneku ls eqDr dj tc mUgsa fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k] rc gesa
viuh bekjr ls fudkydj dkjkxkj ds vkaxu esa vkus dh vuqefr fey xbZA283 ogka ls nl&ikap fuosnu gksrs
82
83
24 Qjojh] 1920 ds fnu foV~ByHkkbZ iVsy vkSj [kkiMsZ us ;g izu iwNkA

14 tqykbZ] 1920A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
410
cgqr Mjrs&Mjrs ys[;ky; nrj ds }kj rd tkus fn;k x;kA ogka QkWeZ Hkjus ds fy, dgk tkrk Fkk] ftUgsa Hkjdj ml ys[;ky; ds
}kj ij nsuk iM+rkA gka] }kj ds Hkhrj ikao j[kuk euk FkkA
,d ckj rks og }kj Hkh can gks x;kA dkj.k\ geus dqN fd;k\ ughaA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d tu fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstus ds iz;kl eas Fkk
fd og ,d okWMZj ds gkFkksa idM+k x;kA mlesa ogka ds jktcafn;ksa vkfn dh O;Fkk lekpkj&i= ds fy, fy[kh FkhA cl fQj D;k Fkk] mu
yksxksa dks rks fu;ekuqlkj naM gks gh x;k] gekjs fy, Hkh dksbZ izfrdwy ?kVuk gksrh rks ifj.kke gesa Hkqxruk iM+rkA
bl vU;k; dk nq[kM+k jksrs&jksrs iqu% ,d ckj ys[;ky; ds njokts ij ikao j[k ik,A ek= ikao ghA
bl le; gesa nl okZ iwjs gks jgs FksA ukS rks gks gh pqds FksA vr% vkosnu&i= Hkstus dk /kwe&/kM+kdk pyk;k fd tc esjs lkFkh
jktcafn;ksa dks dkjkxkj ls ckgj ?kwurs rFkk ,d dks rks jgus ds fy, Hkh NksMk+ x;k Fkk var esa tSlk ihNs mYYks[k fd;k] oSlk lkQ cjh
gksus ls iwoZ vkSj tcfd eq>ls vusd okksaZ Ikpkr~ vk, jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh dkj[kkus esa ofjBksa ds dke] Nkik[kkuk vkfn esa txg nh
xbZ&os Hkh ckgj tk ldrs Fks] rc eq>s Hkh fVdV ij ckgj tkdj Lora= :i esa clus dh vuqefr nh tk,A lSdM+ksa vktUe dkjkoklh
jktcanh vkSj lk/kkj.k canh pkj&ikap vFkok ,d&nks okksaZ esa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl naM lekIr djds cjh gksdj fganqLFkku ykSVs] eq>s
fVdV ij nl okksaZ ds Ipkr~ de&ls&de vaneku esa rks NksMk+ tk,a ijarq ughaA mkj vk x;k] nl okZ esa vHkh cgqr fnu de gSaA ;g
fu;e ds fo:} gSA
esjs fy, lkjs izfrdwy fu;keksa dh ?kfVdk iy ukidj ikyu dh tkrh] ijarq vuqdwy fu;e gh ksk ugha jgrkA ikap okksZa ds ipkr~ HksaV
gksus dk fu;e] ijarq eq>s lkr&vkB okksaZ eas Hkh HksaV dh NwV ugha feyhA fVdV ds le; nl okksaZ dk fu;e rks gw&cgw ikyu djuk
pkfg,A
D;k mldk lgh&lgh ikyu gks x;k\ fcYdqy ughaA nl okZ chrus ds ckn fVdV dk le; vkus ij Hkh ge dkjkx`g esa gh FksA
Ikjarq vc ;|fi eSa dkjkxkj esa Fkk] ij forman ds in ij Fkk vkSj iwjk ,d :i;k eghuk osru feyus yxk Fkk] og Hkh blfy, fd
ge ij cM+h dìk gks xbZ FkhA ge mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds O;fDrk% vkHkkjh gSa ftUgksaus gesa ;s lqfo/kk,a nsus ;ksX; volj fn;kA dksbZ ckr
ugha] gks x, forman] gks dh x,A vU; yksx geij O;aX;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
411
dlrs] ^fcYdqy vYifkf{kr canh Hkh tks vkids ihNs vk, ^cM+s ckcw* cudj vius vf/kdkj dk rqurquk ctk jgs gSa vkSj vkidks dsoy
^rsy xksnke* dk O;oLFkkid gh fu;qDr fd;k x;k u! ;g D;k\*
ge Hkh galh&galh esa pqVdh dkVrs] ^vjs] rfud fopkj rks djksA vf/kdkj dkSu lk gS\ ckcw\ ijarq izR;{k canh] Ik;Zos{kd] dfeuj Hkh
ek= Man vFkkZr~ euq; gSa] tcfd ge Foreman gSaA QksjeSu dk vFkZ gS euq;ksa dk vxz.khA vkf[kj ljdkj us gekjk ewY; igpku gh
fy;kA mlus gekjk og lEeku fd;k tks okbljkWl dks Hkh ugha feyk FkkA Foreman] ûjkxz.kh*! vkSj D;k pkfg,\*
ûjkxz.kh* in izkIr gksrs gh gesa ^rsy xksnke* ds dkj[kkus ij fu;qDr fd;k x;kA 84 ml dkjkxkjh; jkT; esa lcdh jk; esa og ^rsy
xksnke* dk bykdk vR;ar egoiw.kZ ,oa lEekuuh; le>k tkrk] D;ksafd ;gha ij gtkjksa ikSaM rsy Hkjs lSdM+ksa ihis izfrekl rs;kj gksrsA
vaneku esa ize[q k mRiknu ukfj;y FkkA ukfj;y QksM+dj ml dq[;kr ^dksYgw* ls tks rsy fudyrk] og lc bl xksnku esa nks&rhu
cM+h&cM+h Vafd;ksa esa Hkjdj j[kk tkrkA rsy dh ekax vkrs gh Hkhedk; ihis Hkjs tkrs vkSj jaxwu] dydkk vkfn LFkkuksa ij gtkjksa :i,
ewY; dk og lkeku Hkstk tkrkA ;g ml NksVs ls varjkZVh; O;kikj dk ize[q k dsan]z ;g ml dkjkxkjh; jkT; dk egoiw.kZ ize[q k izka r]
vkSj vc ge mlds vf/kdkjh cu x, FksA ,slk oSHkoiw.kZ LFkku gekjs v/khu gks x;k FkkA nwljksa dk fny tys ,slk LFkku] ,slk oSHko gesa
izkIr gks x;k FkkA
bl ,so;Z rFkk lq[knk;h izlxa dks ,d Lora= rFkk uohu izdj.k dk lEeku nsuk pkfg,A
84
4uoacj] 1920
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
412
izdj.k&9
vaneku esa fganh dk izpkj

lu~ 1906 ls ge fganh dks jkVh; Hkkkk ds :i esa lEeku fnykus rFkk ;FkklaHko
FksA tc ge baXySaM eas Fks rc ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds lnL; gj jkr lksus ls igys
ladYi dk ikB djrs] mlesa ^fganqLFkku dks Lora= djuk] fganqLFkku dks ,d jkV
lw=ksa ds lkFk gh pkSFkk lw= ?kksfkr fd;k tkrk&fganh dks jkVHkkkk cukuk] ukxjh dks
mik;ksa ls mldk izpkj djus ds fy, lrr iz;Rujr

laxfBr :i esa rFkk ,d Loj esa viuk tks jkVh;
djuk] fganqLFkku esa iztkra= dh LFkkiuk djuk*& bl
jkVfyfi cukukA85
bl uhfr ds vuqlkj laxBu vkSj izpkj djus ds fy, tks Hkh FkksM+k volj izkIr gksrk] mlesa geus lu~ 1911 esa gh tks dk;Ze eu esa
iDdk fd;k] fganh izpkj mlesa ,d eq[; fok; FkkA
ml le; ;g /kkj.kk bruh ladqfpr Fkh fd fganh dks jkVHkkkk cuk;k tk,] bl dYiuk dks cM+s&cM+s usrk Hkh cpius dh ckr le>rs FksA
lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds fy, rks og vifjfpr gh FkhA vkxs pydj bl vkanksyu dks bruk ego izkIr gqvk Fkk ckn esa yksdekU; fryd ;k
egkRek xka/kh }kjk mldk izR;{k leFkZu djus dh fLFkfr Hkh vkbZA ml le; dsoy ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk vkSj vk;Zlekt ds pan yksx gh
fokskr% bl vkanksyu ds leFkZd FksA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh dks ;g ?kksfkr djus dk gh ugha fd fganh
jkVHkkkk gS] vfirq mlesa xzaFk ys[kd dk Hkh izFke lEeku izkIr gSA
,slh voLFkk esa tc ge lu~ 1911 ls lHkh Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ls fganh lh[kus dk vuqjks/k djus yxs] rc bl
rF; ls gh fookn djuk iM+Rkk
85
Lkojdj dk ;g iz;kl lkal rd tkjh FkkA viuh Hkkkk esa ?kqls vuko;d ijdh; kCn fudkydj mUgksaus vusd vius kCn :<+
fd,A Lora= Hkkjr ds laf/k/kku us fganh Hkkkk vkSj nsoukxjh fyfi dks Lohdkj fd;kA ^Hkkkk kqf}* iqLrdA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
413
fd fganh Hkkkk gS Hkh ;k ugha\ egkjkV rFkk vU; nf{k.k ds yksxksa dks fganh Hkkkk kCn Hkh u;k lk izrhr gksrkA os ml Hkkkk dks
eqlyekuh Hkkkk dgk djrs Fks] D;ksafd nf{k.kk eqlyekuksa dh ogh ekr`Hkkkk de&ls&de lekt Hkkkk gksrh gSA mkj ds canh tkurs Fks fd
;g fganqvksa dh gh Hkkkk gS vkSj vkB djksM+ fganw&eqlyeku vkt Hkh ekr`Hkkkk ds :i esa mldk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ijarq fQj Hkh og
jkVHkkkk dgykus ;ksX; ugha gS] ,slk os dgrs FksA dksbZ dgrk] blesa O;kdj.k ugha( dksbZ dgrk] blesa lkfgR; ughaA enzklh vkfn yksxksa
dk fganh dks jkVHkkkk u ekuuk LokHkkfod Fkk] ijarq fojks/k caxkyh ;qodksa esa gh vf/kd n`Xxkspj gksrk Fkk] D;ksafd muesa LokHkkfod
egodka{kk Fkh fd caxyk jkVHkkkk cuus dh vf/kdkfj.kh gS] D;ksafd pkj djksM+ yksx caxyk cksyrs gSa vkSj ejkBh dh rjg gh lkfgR; ds
{ks= esa Hkh og fganqLFkkuh Hkkkkvksa esa vxz.kh gSA rFkkfi caxky ds gh ,d usrk Jh fe= us cgqr igys gh bl ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k Fkk
fd fganh esa jkVHkkkk gksus dh ;ksX;rk vf/kd gSA bruk gh ugha vfirq fganh dk leFkZu djus ds fy, mUgksaus ,d if=dk Hkh fudkyh
FkhA
bl lHkh vk{ksiksa dk ckj&ckj fujkdj.k djds eSa ukuk rdksaZ }kjk lHkh ds xys ;g mrkjus dk iz;kl djrk fd lkfgR;] O;kdj.k]
izkS<+rk] HkforO;rk rFkk {kerk] bu xq.kksa ls la[;kcy ln`k gh fganh jkVHkkkk gksus ds ;ksX; gSA bruk gh ugha] blls iwoZ gh vifjgk;Z
:i ls og jkVHkkkk cu pqdh gSA blds fy, fganh ds mkekske JsB izkphu xazFk eaxok,aA ;g lgh gS fd fganh esa uohu lkfgR; ugha gS]
ijarq vc mldk bruh rst xfr ls fuekZ.k gks jgk gS fd ;fn vki lHkh ;Ru djsaxs rks fganh lkfgR; bruk JsB gksxk fd ikap&,d okksaZ
esa og laiw.kZ foo esa Hkh egoiw.kZ gks tk,xkA fganh dks jkVHkkkk cukuk ugha gS] og rks jkVHkkkk gS ghA jkesoje dk oSjkxh vkSj
O;kikjh ;gh Hkkkk cksyrs gq, gfj}kj esa i`Fohjkt ds lkezkT; ls Hkh iwoZ dky ls vkrk&tkrk jgk gSA bl rjg ds vusd rdksaZ ds lkFk
ge jktcafn;ksa dks ftl rjg fganh lh[kus ds fy, izo`k djrs] mlh rjg vU; cafn;ksa dks Hkh djrsA
gekjk fk{kk&e gh bl rjg dk Fkk fd gj jktcanh vU; izkarh; Hkkkkvksa dk ;FkklaHko v/;;u djsA vaneku esa ,sls KkuktZu dk
volj mke FkkA mlh rjg ge Lo;a caxkfy;ksa dks fganh&ejkBh] ejkBksa dks fganh vkSj caxyk] iatkfc;ksa dks mudh vkSj iatkc dh rjg
dh xq:eq[kh vkfn Hkkkk,a i<+krsA vkf[kjh ne rd ;g m|ksx py jgk FkkA xqtjkrh jktcanh lcls var esa vk,A ijarq mUgsa Hkh nsoukxjh
fyfi vkSj Hkkkk,a i<+kdj ml vof/k esa geus mUgsa bruh fk{kk nh fd os fganh iqLrd i<+ ldsaA vU; cafn;ksa dks rks izFker% fga nh Hkkkk
fl[kkbZ tkrh vkSj mlds Ikpkr~ vU;A bl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
414
izdkj nl okksZa ls gekjs vkSj gekjs lkfFk;ksa dk fujarj dk;Z py jgk FkkA
ihNs fy[kk gh gS blds fy, geus mke fganh xazFkky; cukuk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k fdl izdkj pyrk&fQjrk xzaFkky; ds fy, geus
/ku tqVkus ds fofHkUu jkLrs viuk, FksA gekjh lgk;rk djus ds fy, ckgj ds dbZ Lora= vf/kdkjh dHkh&dHkh nzO; nsuk pkgrs FksA ge
muls ;g dgdj fd ijLij fganh iqLrdsa ekaxdj ns nhft,] os iqLrdsa xazFkky; dks ns nsrsA vaneku esa iqLrdsa eaxokuk Hkh pksjh tSlk dke
FkhA vr% nzO; lgk;rk] irk nsuk vkSj irs ij dsoy iqLrdsa eaxokuk Hkh lgk;rk gh le>h tkrhA ;g lkgl dk dke FkkA D;ksafd ;fn
ljdkj dks Kkr gksrk fd blus canh ls laca/k j[kk gS] rks ml Lora= vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fQj Hkh os vius
irs nsrsA bruk gh ugha] fganqLFkku ls vk, Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh fganh izpkj djus dk dk;Z pwafd gekjh laLFkk djrh Fkh] blfy, fganh
lh[kus ds y, mUgsa Hkh gekjh vko;drk gksrh FkhA dbZ enzklh lTTku&vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fganh i<+kus ds fy, gekjs lgk;d canh var%LFk
:i ls tkrsA ,d jkVfHkekuh MkWDVj us rks viuh /keZiRuh dks Hkh fganh fl[kkdj mlls csVs ds lkeus Hkh fganh esa gh okkkZyki djus dk
vH;kl djok;k] rkfd mldk csVk ekr`Hkkkk dh rjg gh fganh lh[k ysA ;s lTtu dHkh&dHkh fganh izpkjFkZ ikap&nl :i, nku Hkh
djrsA bu Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lgk;rk ds vfrjsd esa ge vkSj vusd izlax lk/; djrsA mldks LiV djrs gq, nks mnkgj.k ns jgs
gSaA
,d lk/kkj.k vIr fkf{kr fdlku] ftldk uke fnok.k Fkk vkSj tks vk;Zlekt ls iwoZ ifjfpr Fkk] fdlh Mksdtuh ds >a>V esa my>dj
vktUe dkjkokl dk dSnh cudj vk;k FkkA mldh geij cM++h J}k FkhA mlus gekjh laLFkk esa izpqj ek=k esa dk;Z fd;kA yksxksa ij
mldk ncnck Fkk] ijarq nqHkkZX;ok og Bhd ;qokoLFkk esa gh vaneku dh tyok;q rFkk dVizn canhokl dk fkdkj cu x;kA mlds bV
fe=ksa us mlds uke ij dqN Hkkst vkfn dk izca/k djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA geus mUgsa le>k&cq>kdj mu iSlkas ls mlds uke ij fganh
xazFk rFkk fed :i ls iqLrdsa [kjhndj xazFkky; rFkk fu/kZu cafn;ksa dks nku djus dk fup; fd;kA ,d O;fDr dks] ftldk uke fcgkjh
Fkk] Qkalh dk naM feykA mlus dqN nzO; nku dh eukSfr ekaxhA la;ksxok og naM jn~n gksus ds dkj.k mlus iwNk& og nku dSls fd;k
tk,A esjs minsk ls ;s Hkkst&izlax yxHkx can gh gks x, FksA xzaFkksa ds rFkk Kku izlkjkFkZ Kku nku djus dh ;kstuk fl]] mnZw] vaxszth
izR;sd oxZ dgrk&og nku viuh Hkkkk dh iqLrdksa dks feyuk pkfg,A gekjs fojks/k djus ij os dgrs] jkVh; Hkkkk dk fpduk&pqiM+k
<ksax djds caxyk] iatkch vkfn Hkkkkvksa dks [kRe djuk pkgrk gSA ijarq ge
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
415
dgrs] eSa viuh ejkBh ds fy, nku ugha ekax jgk gwaA ;fn ,slk gks rks vkidk lansg Bhd gS] ij fganh ds fy, nksA eSaus Lo;a xq:eq [kh
lfgr mu lkjh izkarh; Hkkkkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k FkkA vU; yksxksa dks caxyk vkfn Lo;a i<+krk Hkh FkkA D;k eq>s ejkBh dh&viuh gh
Hkkkk dh gR;k djuh gS\ ijarq jkVh; fgr ds lkeus vius izknsfkd vfHkeku dk cfynku nsuk gh gksxkA bl rjg mUgsa le>krs gq, var
esa mu iSlksa ls fganh iqLrdsa eaxokus ds fy, geus mu cafn;ksa dks rS;kj fd;k vkSj vkYgk&ny ln`k yksdfiz; fdarq izkphu kSyh ds xzaFkksa
ls ysdj ukxjh izpkfj.kh dh uohure xazFkky; rd lkS&,d :i;ksa ds xazFk eaxok,aA gesa Lo;a Hkh vkYgk xazFk vR;f/kd fiz; FkkA
ml caxkyh Lusgh dks] tks fganh dks izkS<+ Hkkkk ugha le>rk Fkk vFkok mlds vuqlkj fganh es a lkfgR; ugha Fkk] ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd
og fdruh xeukhy gS] fganh ds xq:dqy fLFkr vFkok mkekske xazFk izdkfkr gksrs gh mUgsa eaxokdj fn[kkrkA dHkh&dHkh mUgsa ;g
larksktud izrhr u gksrk vkSj mlesa viekutud de&ls&de fdlh nqVkiw.kZ gsrq dh xa/k vkrhA ijarq ml gsrq izfrdwyrk dks Hkh lgrs
gq, eSa ;g djrk gh jgkA var esa ;g ekU;rk fd fganh jkVHkkkk gS] bruh lkoZtfud gks xbZ fd og fl} djrs jgrs dh fLFkfr rd
igqap xbZA fl[kksa dk eu fganh dh vksj djus ds fy, ,d fHkUu ;qfDrokn rdZ mi;qDr gksrkA muesa ls dbZ ljnkj bl lR; ls vufHkK
gksrs fd Jh xksfoan xq: dk ^fofp= ukVd* vkfn xazFk vkSj ^lw;Z izdkk* vkfn bfrgkl kq} oztHkkkk esa vFkkZr~ izkphu fganh esa gSA ijarq
,d ckj mUgsa ;g le>k;k fd fdl izdkj fganh mudh /keZHkkkk gS vkSj xq:eq[kh ek= ,d fyfi gS] rks fQj mUgsa fganh dk ego u
dsoy jkVh; n`fV ls oju~ iaFk dh n`fV ls Hkh iw.kZ;rk ekU; gks x;kA
dkjkxkjh; xazFkksa ds v/;;u ls xq:eq[kh ds laca/k esa gekjk vfHkizk; bl izdkj Fk fd ijaijk ls izpfyr ;g er fd bl fyfi dks xq:
us [kkstk gS] ,sfrgkfld ugha gSA mldk cj bruk gh vFkZ gS fd ml le; iatkc esa izpfyr yqaMh&eqaMh eksM+h vkfn O;kikfjd rFkk
lkekU; tuksa dh fyfi;ksa esa ls Xkq: }kjk pquh xbZ og ,d izpfyr fyfi FkhA fl[k /keZxzaFk ^kkL=h* ukxjh esa u fy[krs gq, lk/kkj.k
yksxksa esa izpfyr ml fyfi esa fy[kok, x, tSls xkSre cq} us ikyh esaA gks ldrk gS] blhfy, mls xq:eq[kh ukekfHk/kku izkIr gks x;kA
;g Lora= fok; gSA ckrksa&ckrksa esa fok; fNM+ x;k Fkk] blhfy, mYys[k fd;k gSA gesa ml le; Hkh ;g Kkr Fkk fd vkt rd fdlh Hkh
fo}ku us bl miifk dk leFkZu ugha fd;k FkkA mldh ;FkkFkZrk vFkok v;FkkFkZrk dk nkf;Ro tc rd eq>s Kkr gS] esjk gSA bl laca/k
esa vusd ^xazFkksa* vkSj fl[k bfrgkl ds fo}kuksa ls ge dbZ ckj ppkZ Hkh djrs FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
416
izFker% eSa ejkBh Hkh fdlh dks i<+us ugha nsrkA D;ksa \ izFke ekr`Hkkkk] fQj rqjar fganh vkSj blds Ikpkr~ vU; izkarh; fganw Hkkkk&bl
rjg e j[kk FkkA tgka rd gks lds izR;s;d dks vU; izkarh; Hkkkk i<+us dk vuqjks/k djrk] ijarq rfey la?k dh ey;kye] rsyqxq]
dUuM+] rfey nzfoM+ Hkkkkvksa dks i<+kus dh lqfo/kk&&muds xazFkksa dk laxzg vkSj izpkjd u gksus ls vkSj esjs fy, og xzhd&ySfVu ds
cjkcj gksus ls eSa izca/k ugha dj ldkA blesa eSa geskk gh viuh U;wurk le>rkA vkt Hkh ml deh dks eSa iwjk ugha dj ik;k gwaA ksk
ejkBh] iatkch] caxyk Hkkkk,a izk;% LkHkh jktcafn;ksa rFkk fkf{kr cafn;ksa dks vPNh rjg ls voxr FkhA ejkBh ds egoiw.kZ xazF k Hkh os
i<+rsA rFkkfi eSa bldh lw{e tkudkjh fuR; gh izkIr djrk fd nzfoM+ Hkkkk esa dkSu&dkSu ls u, xazFk gSa] vkSj vkf[kjh&vkf[kjh fnuksa esa
I;Zos{kdksa ls mu Hkkkkvksa dh izkFkfed iqLrdsa rFkk vU; u, xazFk eaxokus dh vuqefr rFkk iSls ysdj ,d fVIi.kh djds mUgsa eax ok;k Hkh]
ijarq esjh vkdfLed okilh ds dkj.k eq>s dqN Hkh irk ugha pyk fd vkxs mldk D;k gqvkA
vaneku esa fofHkUu izkarh; yksxksa ds ,df=r gksus ds ckn muesa cksypky dh Hkkkk Lor% fganh gh gksrh gSA m/kj cafn;ksa dh tks larkusa gSa]
muesa Hkh ijLij izkarh; yksxksa eas C;kg gksus ds dkj.k vaneku esa tues cPPkksa dh ekr`Hkkkk lgt gh fganh gksrh FkhA bu ^Lora=* yksxksa esa
cgqykak esa fganw gh Fks] blfy, ikBkkykvksa esa ize[q kr% fganh esa gh fk{kk nsuk pkfg, FkhA ijarq iwoZ dky ls gh fganqLFkku ds tks êqakh* ds
:i esa ogka x,] os lkjs iatkc] fnYyh vkfn ds mnwZ&fkf{krksa esa ls gksus ds dkj.k vaneku dh izkFkfed ikBkkykvksa esa mnwZ i<+kus dh
ifjikVh cu xbZA bldk ,d vU; dkj.k ;g Fkk fd dk;kZy;ksa Offices esa mnwZ ukSdjksa dh gh Hkjekj gksus ds dkj.k ogka nrj dh
nwljh Hkkkk mnwZ i<+kus dh ifjikVh cu xbZ FkhA igyh ikBkkyk ls ckgj fudys mnwZ&fkf{kr Nk=ksa ds mnkgj.k ls fkf{kr dk vFkZ gS
mnwZ&fkf{krA bl izdkj bl u, mifuosk esa fofp= /kkj.kk cudj yksxksa esa fganh fk{kk xzg.k djus dh bPNk rks D;k] dYiuk Hkh ksk ugha
jghA tSls&tSls ikBkkykvksa dh la[;k c<+rh xbZ] oSl&s oSls muesa mnwZ fk{kk dh ifjikVh gh pyus yxhA okLrfod n`fV ls ns[kk tk, rks
fganh vkSj ftls mnZw dgk tkrk gS] mlesa ewyr% dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA fganh Hkkkk Qkjlh fyfi esa fy[kks] cl gks xbZ mnwZA vr% okLro esa
ewyHkwr izu fyfi dk FkkA vaneku esa cafn;ksa rFkk ckfkanksa dh la[;k esa ewyr% fganqvksa dh Hkjekj gksus ds dkj.k vkSj fk{kk xzg.kkFkZ mUgha
yksxksa ds vf/kdkak vkxs c<+us ds dkj.k] mu lHkh dks ikBkkykvksa esa igys ls gh fganh vFkkZr~ ukxjh fyfi i<+kuh pkfg, Fkh] tks jkVh;
,drk ,oa /kkfeZd ,drk dh |ksrd rFkk fiz; gSA ijarq vkp;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd mu ikBkkykvksa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
417
esa] tks eq[;r% fganqvksa ds djksa ij pykbZ tkrh gSa] vkt Hkh lgh <ax ls fganh ugha fl[kkbZ tkrhA fganw ckyd v]vk] d] [k] x ugha
tkurs] ^rqylh jkek;.k* vFkok ^Hkxon~xhrk* ds yksd ugha i<+ ikrs] mUgsa ifkZ;u dfo;ksa ds pqVdqys daBLFk gksrs gSaA dkfynkl rks jgus
nhft,] lwjnkj vFkok izselkxj dh ,d iafDr ls Hkh os ifjfpr ugha gksrs&fganh dh izFke iqLrd mUgsa xzhd&ySfVu leku izrhr gksrh gSA
ijarq mnwZ lekpkj&i= og fcuk vk/kk ds QjkZVs ls i<+rk gSA mlds efLrD dh miek,a ifkZ;k ,oa vjsfc;k fLFkr ufn;ksa ls Hkjh jgrh
gSaA ogak ds ohj iq:k mUgsa Kkr ugha gksrk] u gh os i<+ ldrs gSaA vaneku ds gekjs tSls fkf{kr yksxksa esa ls lk/kkj.k euq;ksa dh bl
fLFkfr dh voyksdu djus ds ckn gekjh ;gh jk; cuh fd vaneku esa fganw laLd`fr thfor j[kuh gS rks fganh Hkkkk ,oa ukxjh fyfi
fk{kk izR;sd fganw cPps dks loZFkk vifjgk;Z :i esa nsus ds fy, lrr vkanksyu NsM+uk vR;ko;d gSA
izR;sd ikBkkyk esa fganh Hkkkk ,ao ukxjh fyfi fk{kk dk vfuok;Z ek/;e gks vkSj ftl eqlyeku cPps vFkok vU; yksxks a dks mnwZ fyfi
vkSj Hkkkk vjch] ifkZ;u kCn] izk;% fganh lh[kuh gS] mUgsa og Hkkkk ds :i esa foksk fok; ds :i esa i<+kbZ tk,A vaneku ds Ldwyksa
esa ;g O;oLFkk djus ds fy, izFker% yksxksa esa ;g bPNk mRiUu djuk vko;d FkkA
D;ksafd ogka ds fganw yksxksa esa lkoZtfud ,oa jkVh; ,drk dh Hkkouk vR;Yi Fkh vkSj fganqRo dk vfHkeku dsoy ew[kZrkiw.kZ :f<+ ds :i
esa thfor ek= FkkA mUgsa bl ckr dk fcYdqy Kku ugha Fkk fd fganh fganqvksa dh viuh Hkkkk gS vkSj vius /keZxzaFk] de&ls&de izk d`r]
ftl ukxjh esa gksrs gSa og fyfi rFkk og Hkkkk lh[kuk viuk ije ikou drZO; gSA nks&rhu ihf<+;ksa ls mnwZ ds laidZ ls mldk dsoy
opZLo gh ugha] vfirq vkRefoukkd vfHkeku dk Hkh muesa lapkj gqvk FkkA vr% gekjs fopkjksa ds tks ykxs ckgj Fks] mUgksaus Lora= yksxksa
ds ?kj&?kj bl fok; dh ppkZ djrs vkSj tkx`fr ykus dk lkgl ds lkFk Jhx.ksk fd;kA
ftl v/;k; esa geus vaneku ds laxBu] fk{kk] kqf}dj.k vkfn vkanksyuksa dk bfrgkl blls iwoZ fn;k gS] mlls cafn;ksa ,oa ckfkan ksa esa
lekpkj&i=] lekpkj] jkVh; xhr] jkVh; ppkZ] var%LFk lHkk rFkk rFkk O;k[;ku vkfn lk/kuksa }kjk ikBdksa us xkSj fd;k gh gksxk fd
gekjh laLFkk ds izpkjdksa us fdruh tkx`fr QsykbZA mu vkanksyuksa esa loZizFke ^Lora=* yksxksa esa fganh ls lacaf/kr foiqy tkx`fr vkbZA dbZ
ifjokjksa esa fganh v/;kid fHktokdj geus cPpksa dks ukxjh rFkk fganh i<+kbZA tc rsy dksBkj dk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
418
O;OlFkkiu gekjs ikl vk x;k rc O;olk; ds cgkus tks Lora= yksx dkjkx`g esa vkrs] muls gekjk ifjp; gksus yxkA dsoy gesa ns[kus
vFkok feyus ds fy, dbZ Lora= yksx rsy vkSj Hkwlh dks [kjhnrs] rkfd de&ls&de mlh cgkus dkjkxkj esa izosk ikdj ml xksnke esa
gels HkasV gks tk,A ,sls lHkh yksxksa dks vU; minskksa ds lkFk ;g Hkh minsk nsrs fd ^rqe yksx fganw gks] fganh rqEgkjh jkVHkkkk ugh rks
de&ls&de vaneku esa rks /keZHkkkk gSA rqEgsa vius cky&cPpksa dks rks fganh vkSj ukxjh fyfi vo; fl[kkuh gksxhA rqe lc feydj
ljdkj dks ,d vkosnu&i= Hkstks rks Ldqyksa esa fganh vkSj ukxjh vo; izkjaHk gksxhA ijarq tc rd og izca/k ugha gksrk rc rd rqe
yksx vius&vius ?kjksa esa fganh i<+kvksaA* gekjs Lo;alsod fdlh ds ^gka* dgrs gh mlds ?kj esa izdV :i esa vFkok var&LFk jhfr ls
tkdj fganh i<+krs] D;ksafd vaneku esa bPNk gksrs gq, Hkh Lora= :i esa fdlh ds ?kj fcuk vuqefr dksbZ Hkh canh lglk ugha tk ldrk
FkkA ^Lora=* dks Hkh tks dksbZ feyrk] mlls fganh lh[kus dh izkFkZuk djrsA eqakh vk;k] pyks fganh lh[kks( ys[kd vk;k] fganh lh[kks(
MkWDVj vk;k] fganh lh[kks&bl rjg gekjk vfojy tki gksrk jgrkA
Lora= yksxksa esa fganh&fk{kk dk bl rjg FkksMk+ &cgqr izlkj gksrs gh muds cPpksa ds fy, fganh esa egkHkkjr vkfn iqLrdsa] fkokth vkfn
egkiq:kksa ds pfj= fu%kqYd ckaVs tkrsA muds ?kj fganh lekpkj&i= igqapkdj muls i<+ok, tkrsA tks flikgh] O;kikjh vkfn yksx gels
vkf[kj&vkf[kj esa izR;{k fey ldrs Fks] mUgsa ge Lo;a fganh i<+krsA bl rjg iz;kl djrs&djrs Lora= yksxksa esa ;g Hkkouk izpqj ek=k esa
c<+ xbZ fd de&ls&de vaneku esa rks izR;sd fganw dk ;g /kkfeZd drZO; gS fd og fganh lh[ks vkSj ml Hkkouk ds cycwrs ij ogka ds
Ldwyksa esa de&ls&de fganw ckydksa dks rks fganh i<+kbZ tk,A bl izdkj ljdkj dks vkosnu djus dk iz;kl Hkh vkjaHk gks x;kA
Ikjarq ;g ns[kdj fd tc rd ljdkjh nrj dh Hkkkk mnwZ gS] rc rd cPpksa dh :fp lk/kkj.kr% mnwZ lh[kus dh vksj vf/kd gksxhA rc
tgka laHko Fkk ml LFkku ij nrj dh Hkkkk gh fganh djus dk ge iz;kl djus yxsA okLro esa izk;% lc ljdkjh nrj ds dke
vaxzsth esa gh gksrsA tks mnwZ Hkkkk esa gksrk] og blfy, ugha fd ml rjg dk dksbZ fu;e Fkk] vfirq igys&igys mkjh {ks= ds fganqLFkkuh
eqakh vkrs jgus vkSj cafn;ksa esa Hkh mkj ds mnZw fyf[kr izkarksa ds yksxksa dh gh Hkjekj gksus ls og ,d ifjikVh ;k :f<+ cu xbZA ml mnwZ
Hkkkh nrj esa izeq[k fgLlk tgkt ls tk jgs cafn;ksa dh fpV~Bh&if=;ksa dk gksrkA ;s i= êqakh* }kjk fy[kok, tkus ls izk;% mnwZ esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
419
gh gksrsA vr% bl rjg vuqefr izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k fd i= nskh Hkkkkvksa esa gksaA êjkBh*] ^xq:eq[kh* vkfn Hkkkkvksa esa
i=&O;ogkj djus ds fy, vuqefr ds iz;kl djus esa dbZ fnu chr x,] D;ksafd eqakh vaxzsth vFkok mnwZ tkurs Fks vkSj eqakh }kjk i=
ij lEefr feys fcuk ml ^mi;qDr* ugha le>k tkrkA var esa tc ;g vuqefr fey xbZ fd canh viuh izkarh; Hkkkk esa i= fy[k
ldrk gS] rc iatkc] y[ku vkfn mu izkarksa ds] tgka mnwZ izpfyr Fkh] fganw canh dk er&ifjorZu fd;k x;k fd i= geskk fganh esa gh
Hkstk tk,A ejkBh] caxkyh vkfn fganw cafn;ksa ls var%LFk :i ls tksj&kksj ls ;g dgus yxs fd ;k rks os i= viuh ekr`Hkkkk esa fy[ksa ;k
fganh esa] ijarq mnZw esa dnkfi ughaA vr% mPp dk;kZy; esa ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd og i= fu;ekuqlkj fy[ks x, gSa ;k ugha] ,sls eqakh
fu;qDr fd, x, tks fganh rFkk vU; nskh Hkkkk tkurs FksA iqjkus vf/kdkjh tks mnwZ tkurs Fks] Lo;a vkxs c<+dj fganh ukxjh dk Kku
laiknu djus yxsA fganh i= ys[kukFkZ eqakh ugha feyus ij gekjs yksx og dke Lo;a djrsA blls iwoZ gekjs dkjkxkj esa uCcs izfrkr i=
mnwZ esa Hksts tkrs Fks] ijarq iz;klksa ds pyrs var esa uCcs izfrkr i= nskh Hkkkkvksa esa vkSj fokskr% fganh ukxjh esa tkus yxsA vkxs
pydj mu yksxksa esa Hkh] ftUgsa eqakh vkfn dks fu;qDr djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk] fganw laxBu ds vfHkekuh fganw yksx gh fu;qDr fd, tkrsA
mlh rjg ,sls eqafk;ksa dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh tks fganh tkurs FksA gekjh laLFkk ds yksxksa ds iz;klksa ls bl rjg vfyf[kr fu;e gh cu
x;k fd fganw dks i= fganh esa gh fy[kuk pkfg,&vf/kd&ls&vf/kd viuh izkarh; fganw Hkkkk esaA eqlyeku canh pkgs rks mnwZ esa i= fy[ksa]
ml ij dksbZ tcjnLrh ugha dh xbZA ijarq blls iwoZ fdlh Hkh canh dks egkjkV esa vFkok caxky eas Hkh izk;% tks mnwZ esa gh Hkstuk
vfuok;Z Fkk] og tcjnLrh geus rksM+ MkyhA tc ge dk;kZy; esa tkus yxs rc ge Lo;a lHkh cafn;ksa ds i=ksa dh rykkh ysdj ns[krs
fd dgha dksbZ fganw vdkj.k mnZw esa rks ugha fy[k jgkA rqjar mlds ikl tkdj ge mldk er&ifjorZu djrsA bl rjg djrs&djrs
txg&txg ij fganw eqafk;ksa dh] tks fganh tkurs Fks] fu;qfDr djkdj i=&O;ogkj cgqk% fganh esa vkjaHk djk;k x;kA ogh ckr vkuso kyh
Mkd dh FkhA D;ksafd ;g iz;kl gks jgk Fkk fd izR;sd fganw canh vius lacaf/k;ksa dks fy[ks fd mkj fganh esa gh Hkstk tk,A blls vkusokys
i=ksa esa fganw izkarh; Hkkkkvksa rFkk fganh eas fy[ks i=ksa dh la[;k c<+us yxhA ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd os ljdkjh n`fV ls mi;q Dr gSa ;k ugha]
fganh eqafk;ksa dh vko;drk c<+ xbZA mnwZ dk ego vkSj izpkj de gksus yxkA
dsoy jktcafn;ksa dks gh vaxszth esa i= Hkstuk vfuok;Z gksrk] D;ksafd mu i=ksa dk Lor% vaxszt vf/kdkjh vUosk.k djrsA vkxs pydj tc
lSdM+ksa jktcanh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
420
;gka vk x, vusd dks vaxszth u vkus ls i= LoHkkkk esa Hkstus dh vuqefr&og Hkh cgqr iz;klksa ls&fey xbZA gesa var rd vaxzsth esa
i= Hkstuk vfuok;Z FkkA
tks fLFkfr i=&O;ogkj dh Fkh] ogha fVIif.k;ksa] ljdkjh dk;kZy; rFkk dk;kZy;karXkZr fuEu oxhZ; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dk;kZsa] nSfud] fNViqV
ljdkjh i=&O;ogkj vkSj nrj dh Hkh gks xbZA igys ;g lc mnwZ esa Fkk] ijarq tSl&s tSls fganw êqakh* vkSj vf/kdkjh mnwZ u fy[kus dk
ozr ysus yxs oSl&s oSls ;g dke Hkh fganh esa gh gksus yxkA /khjs &/khjs mnwZ dks fudkydj fganh ,dek= fyfi ugha gqb]Z rFkkfi ,slk LiV
izrhr gksus yxk fd og mlds lkFk lEekuh; ljdkjh Hkkkk rFkk fyfi gksxhA
Lora= yksxksa esa kknh&C;kg dh if=dk Hkh fganw yksx mnZw esa Nkirs Fks] ijarq blds Ikpkr~ dbZ yksx fganh esa Nkius yxsA mUgsa i<+uk Hkh
dfBu gks jgk Fkk] D;ksafd fkf{kr fganw dsoy mnwZ&fkf{kr FkkA fQj Hkh oSls gh izokg pyk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd if=dk,a fganh vkSj
mnwZ&bl izdkj nksgjs dkxt ij Nkih tk,aA de&ls&de mnwZ esa gh Nkih xbZ rks ij vkse vkSj uhps dqN ukxjh okD;ksa dks Nkisa vkSj
fy[ksaA ckn esa bl izdkj dh ifjikVh izpfyr gks xbZA
Blesa dksbZ vkp;Z dh ckr ugha fd brus lkjs xksj[k/ka/ks ds pyrs bldk fojks/k Hkh gks gh jgk Fkk] ijarq vkp;Z ;g fd u dsoy
eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fojks/k gks jgk Fkk] izR;qr vaxzt
s vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Hkh fojks/k fd;k tk jgk FkkA os fganh ds fok; esa lkafdr
jgrsA ,d kdj.k ;g Fkk fd os Hkh mnwZ tkurs] fganh ugha( vkSj nwljk dkj.k fganh ds vkanksyu dks gekjk izcy leFkZu FkkA vr% os fuR;
lakfdr jgrs A fganh iqLrd eaxokus ds fy, ge ,d canh dks vuqdwy dj jgs Fks fd ^rqe mnZw iqLrdsa eaxok jgs Fks u] rks vc fganh
D;ksa eaxokus tk jgks gks*] bl izdkj mlls izu iwNdj mldk er&ifjorZu djus ds fy, Hkh ,d vaxszt vf/kdkjh rRij FkkA tc
ikBkkykvksa esa fganh i<+kus ds fy, geus Lora= vkanksyu NsM+k vkSj og lQy gksus yxk rc ^Lora= yksxksa esa gekjk uke gksxk vkSj
gekjk izHkqRo c<+ tk,xk*&eqlyeku vf/kdkjh bl izdkj dh fjiksVZ LiV :i esa xqIrpj foHkkx dh iqfyl rFkk mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hks tus
yxsA mUgha cafn;ksa us eq[;r% fganh dk vkanksyu NsMk+ Fkk tks vk;Zlekt] kqf}] jktuhfr izpkj] fk{kk] vU;k; dk izfrjks/k vkfn dk;kZsa esa
lrr usr`Ro djrs jgs Fks vkSj ljdkjh nrj esa ^vkanksyudkjh] Hk;adj lansgkLin O;ogkjokys* tSls <sj lkjs miinksa ls xkSjokfUor FksA
bl izdkj ljdkj ds fcuk fdlh dkj.kok lansgkLin n`fV ls ns[kus ls Lora= yksxksa dh ekax gksus ij Hkh Ldwyksa esa fganw ckydksa lansgkLin
n`fV ls ns[kus ls Lora= yksxksa dh ekax gksus ij Hkh Ldwyksa esa fganw ckydksa ds fy, fganh dks vfuok;Z djuk vlaHko gks x;kA gekjs vkus
ij Hkh laHko ugha gqvkA ge yksxksa ds eu esa ;g fcBk;k tk jgk Fkk fd ;fn ogka ds Lora= yksx vfojr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
421
iz;kl djsaxs rks ljdkj dks ;g ckr Kkr gksxh fd viuk lansg fuiV ikxyiu gS vkSj og vaneku dh ikBkkykvksa esa de&ls&de
fganqvksa dks rks fganh rFkk ukxjh vfuok;Z :i esa i<+kus dh vuqefr nsxhA
dU;kvksa dks fganh ukxjh fk{kk

;|fi yM+dksa dh ikBkkykvksa esa fganh] ukxjh vfuok;Z ugha dh tk ldh] rFkkfi mlh nkSjku Lfkkfir dU;k ikBkkyk eas ml vkanksyu dks
lQyrk izkIr gks xbZA bu dU;kvksa dks Hkh mnwZ esa gh fk{kk nh tkusokyh FkhA fganh dk dqN Hkh izca/k ugha j[kk x;k FkkA ijarq le; ij
Lora= yksxksa dks lrr yfTTkr djds] fp<+krs gq, dU;kvksa dks rks vfyQ] os] is vkfn iw.kZ mnwZ o.kZekyk g:Q i<+kus ds fy, eql yeku
ekSyoh ds gkFkksa lkSaius dh fo?kkrd izofk ls foeq[k fd;k x;k vkSj igys ls gh dU;k ikBkkykvksa esa fganw dU;kvksa dks fganh] ukxjh
i<+kus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA
;g dgus dh vko;drk ugha gS fd jktcafn;ksa esa Hkh iatkc vkfn izkarksa ds yksxksa us mnwZ esa i= u Hkstrs gq, viuh Hkkkk esa Hkstuk
vkjaHk fd;kA jktcafn;ksa esa iatkch vkfn yksxksa esa mnwZ ds vPNs kk;j ,oa ukeoj ys[kd Hkh FksA muesa ls db;ksa us izFker% lgt Hkko ls
gh gekjs fo:} vkanksyu dk izfrdkj fd;k] ijarq vkxs pydj jkVHkkkk dh n`fV ls fdl rjg mnwZ viuh lk[k tekuk pkgrh gS] vkfn
;qfDr] rdZ] muds xys mrkjs] rc muesa ls dqN yksxksa us gekjs lkeus ^vkt ls ;g mnwZ dye rksM+ nh] ^bl izfrKk ds lkFk fganh esa
fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;kA mUgsa izFker% ^vkdkk] O;k;ke* vkfn ljy kCn Hkh fl[kkus iM+s] bruk mudk eu mnZw us vfganw cuk NksM+k FkkA
ijarq mUgksaus mu dVksa dks >syk vkSj mPPk ukxjh fganh lh[krs x,A
esjk ;g vkanksyu mnZw ds izfr fo}sk Hkkouk ls ugha NsMk+ x;k Fkk] D;ksafd eSA Lo;a mnwZ lh[k jgk Fkk vkSj i<+rk Hkh FkkA vkt Hkh
lk/kkj.k VQ rd mnZw eSa i<+ ldrk gwaA dkQh le> Hkh ldrk gwaA og ,d fyfi vkSj fdafpr miHkkkk ds :i esa fganw&eqlyekuksa esa lw[ks
uSu thfor jgsA gekjs eqlyeku nsk&cq/kvksa esa ls dqN yksxksa dh Hkkkk gksus ls ge Hkh mldk vakfkd eerkiwoZd tru djsaxsA ijarq
fganqvksa ds ifjJe rFkk izksRlkgu ls og bruh udp<+h gks tk, fd fganqvksa dks gh ^fganh Hkkkk NksMk+ s vkSj eq>s viuh jkVHkkkk fganh
vfuok;Zr% i<+k, tkus vkSj bl ekax ds U;k;laxr izrhr gksus rFkk mnwZ dks cyiwoZd Fkksiuk vU;k; rFkk ifj.kker% fganw laLd`fr ds fy,
fo?kkrd izrhr gksus ls ge ;FkklaHko mnwZ dk mPPkkVu
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
422
djrs jgsA Hkkkk vFkok fyfi dh n`fV ls dksbZ Hkh fganw mnZw lh[ksA tSls ge sap] teZu i<+rs gSa oSls gh mnwZ Hkh lh[ks] ijar q jkVHkkkk
vFkok LoHkkkk ds :Ik esa viuh laLd`rksRiUu rFkk iwoZtksa dh fganh Hkkkk R;kxdj mnwZ dks vius flj ij upkuk] mls eqagtksj cukuk gesa
vfuVdkjd izrhr gksrk gSA
vaneku esa fganh iqLrdksa dh Hkjekj djrs gq, pyrs&fQjrs xksiuh; xazFkky; dSls Fks] bldk laf{kIr o.kZu ihNs xzaFkky; izdj.k es a vk;k gh
gSA pyrs&fQjrs bl xzaFkky; esa fganh esa vFkZkkL=] jktuhfr] jktuhfrd vkanksy vkfn uohure iqLrdsa lrr vkrh jgrh Fkh] ftlls
lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ds fy, u dsoy izpfyr oju~ mPp fok;ksa dk Kku Hkh cgqr dqN lqyHk gksrk x;kA ^lR;kFkZ izdkk* xazFk ds iBu dh
vksj rks ge fuR; gh foksk /;ku nsrsA jktcafn;ksa ls mls ckj&ckj i<+okrsA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd n;kuan dk ;g xazFk dqN rkRdkfyd
laxzke ls mM+h /kwy rFkk /kq,a dk vak NksM+dj ,d vnE; rFkk fuHkhZd izpkjd gh gS] tks eu ij fganw laLd`fr ds mPp ro vafdr djrs
gq, fganw /keZ dk jkVh; Lo:i O;Dr djrk gSA
fganh i<+us esa izo`k djus ds fy, dHkh&dHkh ge ogka ds cafn;ksa rFkk mnwZ&fkf{kr Lora= ;qodksa dks Nk=o`fk;ka Hkh iznku djrsA ;|fi
izFke iSls yks] ij lh[kks vo;] bl rjg dk vkanksyu NsM+uk iM+k] rFkkfi vkxs fganh dh :fp bruh c<+ xbZ fd iqLrdsa gh iwjh ugha
iM+rh FkhA ;g fkdk;r can gks xbZ fd iqLrdsa /kwy esa luh lwa gh O;FkZ iM+h gSaA vc ;g fkdk;r dkuksa esa iM+us yxh fd yxkrkj yksxksa
ds gkFkksa esa tkrh gqbZ iqLrd eSyh gks tkrh gSA eSa dgrk&;g lquus ls fd iqLrd O;FkZ iM+h gS] eq>s ;g fkdk;r lquuk vf/kd vPNk
yxrk gS fd iqLrd O;FkZ iM+h gS] eq>s ;g fkd;r lquuk vf/kd vPNk yxrk gS fd og i<+&i<+dj QV jgh gSA ftl vaneku ds
?kj&?kj esa mnwZ fganw yksxksa ds eu dqrj&dqrjdj mUgsa bruk [kks[kyk cuk jgh Fkh fd fganw dU;k,a Hkh vkil esa iwNrh] ^rqEgkjh kknh gS\*
ijarq yxu] fookg vkfn kCnksa dk vFkZ muds iYys ugha iM+rk Fkk] mlh vaneku esa vc fganh Hkkkk rFkk ukxjh fyfi gekjh /keZHkkkk ,oa
/keZfyfi gS] ;g Hkkouk fganw turk esa cPpksa rd n`<+ewy gks xbZ rFkk fganh i<+us esa :fp c<+us yxhA ;g ckr ftl voLFkk esa vka nksyu
NsM+uk iM+k] ml voLFkk dh rqyuk esa blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ftUgksaus ;g pkyw j[kus esa izeq[k fgLlk fy;k&dkjkx`g rFkk mifuosk ds
mu mRlkgh canhoku izpkjdksa ds fy, Hkwk.kkLin] xkSjokLin FkhA
ijarq ml vkanksyu dk laiw.kZ Qy gkFk yxus ds fy, ogka ds fk{kk foHkkx }kjk gh fganh ukxjh dk izpkj gksuk vko;d FkkA mldk
lwrksokp geus djok;k FkkA vkxs ns[ksaxs&bldk D;k gqvk\
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
423
izdj.k&10
lok ckfyr dk fganw jkT;

tc ge vaneku x, rc ogka ^ckfyr Hkj iBkuh jkT;* Fkk] ftldk pkjksa vksj Madk ct jgk FkkA og iyVdj tc ckfyr Hkj dk
^fganw jkT;* izLFkkfir gks x;k rc rsy xksnke] tks ml jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gh Fkh] gekjs vkf/kiR; eas vk x;k vkSj ogka dh ydM+h dh
dqlhZ ds flagklu ij] ftldk ,d gkFk VwVk gqvk Fkk] ge fojkteku gks x,A ;gka rd dFkk ihNs dgh tk pqdh gSA
rsy xksnke ml dkjkxkj dh vkenuh dk vafre dsanz FkkA blh dkj.k vkSj fokskr% jktcafn;ksa ds vkus ds ckn] iBku] eqlyeku ds
flok; vU; fdlh ds fooklik= u gksus ls ml rsy xksnke esa izk;% eqlyeku] iBku vf/kdkjh gh gksrs FksA lHkh cafn;ksa dk rsy rkSYdj
nsus dk dke mUgha ds gkFkksa esa FkkA blh ls ls lHkh cafn;ksa ds dysts FkjFkjk ldrs FksA muds ^rsy iwjk ugha gS* dgus ek= ls teknkj]
isVh vQlj] canh lHkh ds iSj dkaius yxrs] muds izk.k lw[k tkrsA ml xksnkeokys cafn;ksa dh fiVkbZ djus dk vf/kdkj mUgsa vklUu
ijaijk ls izkIr gks x;k FkkA ckjh vius dk;kZy; esa vka[k ewandj ;fn fdlh dh lqurk Fkk rks cl ,sls gh vf/kdkjh dhA ,rnFkZ
jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} pqxfy;ka djrs le; Hkh ;gh vf/kdkjh usrk curkA bl vf/kdkjh in ij mlh dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh tks dkjkxkj esa
xq:daVky rFkk xqaMk vkSj LokFkhZ gksrkA lkr&vkB okksaZ ds gekjs dkjkokl esa ,sls dbZ lq;ksX; vf/kdkjh ml LFkku dks ikou djrs gq,
x, Fks vkSj gekjs ukSaos okZ esa bl vf/kdkj&in ij gekjh fu;qfDr gks xbZA
gekjs m/kj vkrs gh dkjkxkj esa ksk jgs eqlyeku raMsy] isVh vQlj] canhoku] okWMZj vkfn lHkh ds psgjksa ij gokb;ka mM+us yxhA ml
dksYgw esa vius izk.kksa dh isjkbZ ugha pkgus okys canh vkSj canh vf/kdkjh dks ml rsy xksnke fLFkr nsork ij izpqj ek=k esa lksus&pkanh dk
Hkksx p<+kuk iM+rk FkkA vkt rd ogka eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa ds cycwrs ij dksYgw esa Hkksx u p<+kus vFkok p<+kus ij Hkh dkfQj gks us ds
ukrs bu
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
424
yksxksa us fganqvksa dks ;a=uk,a nh FkhA tc og LFkku fganqvksa ds gkFkksa esa vk;k vkSj og Hkh ml uV] nqV] kSrku pesokys ds] ftlus
kqf}dj.k vkjaHk fd;k Fkk] rks ,d&,d eqlyeku raMy
s vkSj os isVh vQlj] tks blls iwoZ jktcafn;ksa ij vR;kpkj djus esa lcls
vxz.kh gksus dh gksM+ yxkrs Fks] vc nkarksa esa frudk idM+dj vkrs vkSj lyke ugha] gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+krs] ^vjs ckcw] vc tku
cpkb,A*
lyke ugha] jke&jke

geus ij gkFk tksM+us dh ckr fy[kh gS] mlesa ,d jgL; gSA geus vaneku esa vkrs gh xkSj fd;k fd lk/kkj.kr% fganw yksx eqlyekuksa
dks lyke djrs FksA bruk gh ugha] iatkch vkfn fganw yksx Hkh vkil esa lyke djrs ns[ks tkrss] ijarq eqlyeku dqN Hkh gks] dHkh
^jke&jke* ugha dgrsA ,d fnu ,d ejkBh okWMZj us eq>ls dgk fd mlus fetkZ [kku teknkj dks ml NksVs ckjh dks lgt jke&jke
dgk rks mlus ml okWMZj dks xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkjksa ds lkFk psrkouh nh fd ^vc vks dkfQj] mYyw ds iV~Bs gekjs lkeus jke&uke er
fudkyksA rqEgsa lyke gh cksyuk gksxkA* ;g ckr lqudj geus Lo;a fup; fd;k fd vc fdlh Hkh eqlyeku dks lyke ugha djsaxs] tc
rd og Hkh eq>ls jke&jke] ueLdkj ugha dgrkA ;fn dHkh dksbZ eqlyeku bl rjg jke&jke dgusokyk gksrk&oSls egkjkVh; eqlyeku
de&ls&de ml le; rd cgqr lh/ks&lkns Fks vkSj os jke&jke Hkh dgrs Fks& rks eSa ,d ugha] bl ckj lyke dgrkA ijarq tks /kekZa/k
eqlyeku gBkr~ jke&jke ugha dgrs vkSj fganqvksa dks dgus ds fy, ck/; djrs mUgsa lyke ugha dguk] ;g fup; fd;k FkkA bl
fup; ds lkFk eSaus vU; fganw cafn;ksa esa Hkh ;g ijaijk MkyhA blls dbZ ckj fNViqV >M+is a gksrh] ijarq fganw cafn;ksa esa vusd n`<+fup;h
yksxksa us eqlykeuksa ds Hkh lyke dgus ij Lo;a jke&jke vFkok ueLdkj djus dk fup; ugha NksMk+ A blls eqlyeku tkurs Fks fd eSa
fganqvksa ds jke&jke] gkFk tksM+dj iz.kke] oans ekrje~ vkfn fkVkpkj dk dV~Vj vfHkekuh gwa] blhfy, ;s Hk;Hkhr canh vf/kdkjh ;g
ns[kdj fd eq>s izlUu fd, fcuk vU; dksbZ pkjk ugha] ^gkFk tksM+dj* iz.kke djus yxs FksA ijarq eSa muls dHkh ;g vuqjks/k ugha djrk
Fkk fd lyke er djksA os lyke djsa] fQj fganw jke&jke djsaxsA os ;fn lh/ks jke&jke dgsa rks pkgsa rks fganw Hkh lyke dgsaA
^tku cpkus ds iqjLdkjLo:i iwoZ i}fr ds vuqlkj eq>s eqlyeku cafn;ksa rFkk raMsyksa }kjk Hkksx Hkh var%LFk :i ls Lohdkjus dk
vuqjks/k fd;k tk jgk Fkk A rc eSaus dksYgw ds dkj[kkus esa tkrs gq, rFkk vU; LkHkh ls feydj dgk] ^^D;ksafd rqe eqlyeku gks] blfy,
rqees ls fdlh dks eq>ls dV gksxk] ;g er lkspukA cl] rqe
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
425
Hkh fdlh fganw canh dks rax er djksA eq>s fdlh ls dkSMh+ Hkh ugh pkfg,A dsoy rqe yksx viuk dke ;FkklaHko Bhd djus dk iz;kl
djksA fQj FkksM+k&cgqr eSa ns[k ywaxkA ijarq eSa fganw gwa] blfy, kM~;a= jpdj de dke djksxs vFkok iwoZor~ fganqvksa ij vR;kpkj djksxs
vFkok iSls ,saBus dk iz;kl djksxs] rks ;kn j[kksA**
lHkh ij /kkd tekbZ

tc rd eSa ml vf/kdkj&in ij Fkk] eSaus blh uhfr ls muds lkFk O;ogkj fd;kA ,d&nks iqjkus udp<+s] uDdw eqlyeku okWMZjksa us rsy
dh pksjh djds eq> ij >wBk vfHk;ksx yxkus dh ;kstuk cukbZA ijarq rRdky mUgsa pydj lHkh eseus cudj jgus yxsA eSaus okWMZjksa ds
dke ij fganw okWMZj fu;qDr fd,A ftl dksYgw dks ^Qkalh dk xq:* dgk tkrk&D;ksafd Qkalh p<+us ds fy, fdlh ds eu dks rS;kj djuk
gks rks mls dksYgw ij Hkstuk gh Ik;kZIr gksrk Fkk&tc rd og esjs ikl Fkk] rc rd fdlh dks csfM+;ksa dk naM ugha Hkqxruk iM+kA u gh
,d FkIiM+ dh Hkh ekjihV vkSj u QwVh dkSM+h dh ?kwlA fQj Hkh rsy dk dke de gqvk vFkok mlds mRiknu esa deh vk xbZ gks] ,slk
ugha gqvkA mlh nkSjku ml dk;kZy; ij canhiky ckjh ds lkys lkgc fu;qDr gks x,A muds fkf{kr] n;kjke ,oa mnkj LoHkko ds dkj.k
dkjkxkj esa ljdkjh dkedkt mke jhfr ls pyrs vkSj cafn;ksa ij vU;k;] vR;kpkj ugha fd, tkrs FksA dksYgw ds dke dh ihM+k ls
pyrs vkSj cafn;ksa ij vU;k;] vR;kpkj ugha fd, tkrs FksA dksYgw ds dke dh ihM+k ,oa vR;kpkj can djus esa mudk Hkh eq>s dkQh
lg;ksx feykA fganw canh rks esjs midkj ekurs&ekurs Fkdrs gh ugha FksA mudh og Hkksyh HkfDr vkSj ns[kdj fd esjh Hkeulkgr] esjs
lnkpkj dks os euks;ksxiwoZd /kU;okn nsrs gSa] mudh vYilarqV ;kpuk ls nzfor gksdj dHkh&dHkh esjs us= ue gks tkrsA
ihM++k vkSj vR;kpkj can

bl rsy xksnke esa vuqHko ds ckn eq>s tks izeq[k larksk feyk og ;g fd dqy feykdj eSa mu yksxksa dk fgr lk/k ldk] ftUgksaus
jktcafn;ksa ds nqfnZuksa esa gekjh lgk;rk dh FkhA mlh rjg eSa Lora= yksxksa esa lRik= euq;ksa ,oa ifjokjksa dh vPNh lgk;rk dj ldus ds
dkj.k viuh d`rK cqf} dks izlUu dj ldkA vc fdlh rjg dh ihM+k nsuk can gks x;k tSlkfd igys FkkA igys cafn;ksa dks ,d gh
le; fnkk tkus ds fy, NksM+ nsrs] kkSpky; esa vkB&vkB iafDr;ksa esa mUgsa Hkstk tkrk] teknkj dh bPNk gks xbZ rks og QV ls vkKk
nsrk fd ^mBks] vc cl gks x;kA* rc pkgs fdlh dk kkSp iwjk gks ;k u gks] lHkh dks ,dne mBuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk mUgsa uXukoLFkk esa
gh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
426
ckgj [khapk tkrk] dbZ ckj ikuh ls kjhj /kksus ls igys gh mUgsa ckjg [khapk tkrk] bl rjg ds ikfod vR;kpkj] tks ml dke esa
Hkksxus iM+rs Fks] os vc iw.kZr;k lekIr gks x, FksA eqlyeku okWMZj fdlh fganw dks gkSt dk ikuh ys rs gq, ns[krs rks gkSt esa nksuksa ikao
Mkydj /kksus yxrs vkSj ;fn fookrk esa ml fganw us ml ikuh dks oSls gh iz;ksx fdk rks th Hkjdj mldh f[kYYkh mM+krs gq, Mhaxas gkadrs]
tSls mUgksaus cM+k lRdeZ fd;k gksA ml bekjr esa ;g lc tks gksrk Fkk] mlh esa vc kq} ty miyC/k gksus yxk vkSj vc ogka ml rjg
dh mn~naMrk djus dh fgEer fdlh dh ugha gksrh FkhA
ikuh dh ckr fNM+ xbZ] blfy, vkSj ,d Lej.k gqvk fd igys pkj&ikap okksaZ eas dHkh&dHkh ukd idM+dj ikuh ihuk iM+rk Fkk] D;ksafd
nwj ls ihus dk ikuh eaxokus ds fy, tc ckjh lqLrh cjrrk rc cafn;ksa dks ,sls dq,a dk ikuh fiyk;k tkrk tks xank&eSyk ?kksfkr FkkA og
ty bruh lM+ka/k rFkk nqxZa/k;qDr gksrk Fkk fd fcuk ukd nck, mls ihuk vlaHko gksrkA ckjh ;g ckr Ik;Zos{kd dks dHkh lwfpr ugha
djrkA ,d fnu geus ml ty dks fNikdj j[kkA nwljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd ds vkrs gh geus izFke fkdk;r dh fd lkFkokys xans dq,a dk ty
ihus ds fy, ckaVk x;k gSA fuR; fu;eiuqlkj ckjh ;g ckr kiFkiwoZd vLohdkj djus yxkA dksbZ Hkh tkenkj vFkok canh gekjs i{k esa
eqag ugha [kksy jgk FkkA gesa gh >qByk;k tkus yxkA rc geus dksus ls og crZu fudkydj vkxs c<+k;kA Ik;Zos{kd us ckjh dh ogha FkksMh+
ik|iwtk dh vkSj dk;kZy; esa tkus ds ckn jgh&lgh dlj iwjh dj nhA mlds Ikpkr~ oSlk ikuh nsuk can gks x;kA
,slh voLFkk esa ftu cafn;ksa us fiNys fnu fcrk, Fks] mUgsa bl ckr dk cks/k gksus ds fy, fd Jheku fMfxUl lkgc ds canhikydRo ds
fnu dkjkxkj dh rqyuk esa fdrus de nq/kZj Fks&mke lk/ku ;gh Fkk fd ftu dkexkjksa esa eghus&nks&eghuk esa de&ls&de ,dk/k canh
Qkalh yxkdj vkRegR;k dj ysrk Fkk] mUgha dkexkjksa rFkk iwjs mifuosk esa Hkh Qkalh yxk ysus dk ,dk/k mnkgj.k Hkh nqYkZHk gks x;kA
bldk dkj.k Fkk vkB&nl okksZa ds vFkd iz;klksa ls mifuoskh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds O;ogkj esa fd;k x;k lq/kkjA blds vfrfjDr ,d dkj.k
;g Hkh Fkk fd ;q} ds dkj.k fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus cafn;ksa ds eu esa eqf Dr dh vkkk lr iuiuh xbZA vkRegR;k dh la[;k esa bl deh
dh vksj geus dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx dk /;ku Hkh vkdfkZr fd;k FkkA
Hkaxh ds lkFk lgHkkst

ml rsy xksnke ds vf/kdkj dk mi;ksx gekjs kqf}dj.k] laxBu vkfn vanekuh; lq/kkj izpkj dk;Z ds fy, vR;f/kd mi;qDr fl} gq vkA
dqN mnkgj.k&,d ckj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
,d fganw Hkaxh dks] tks dqN fnu iwoZ eqlyeku cu x;k Fkk] geus iqu% fganw /keZ esa ys fy;kA ijarq mldh ubZ pksVh ns[kdj eqlyeku mls
viuh iafDr ls mBkus yxs vkSj Hkaxh gksus ds dkj.k fganw mls viuh iafDr esa ysus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FksA rc ge mldk Hkaxh dk dke
lekIr gksus ij mls rsy xksnke esa dke ds cgkus cqykrsA vius lkeus lkcqu yxk kq} Luku djkdj mls u, diM+s igukrs vkSj vius
lkFk Hkkstu ds fy, cSBkrsA gekjk rFkk gekjs fe=ksa dk mnkgj.k ns[kdj og Hkaxh /khjs&/khjs fganqvksa dh iafDr esa cSBus yxkA fganw canh Hkh
mldh dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha djrs vkSj bl izdkj og iqu% eqlyekuksa ds fkadts esa Qalus ls cp x;kA og izfrfnu rqylhnkl dk Hktu
xkrkA blls iwoZ mlh dksYgw ds vR;kpkj ls =Lr gks vius izk.k cpkus ds fy, dbZ mPp o.khZ; fganw Hkh& vkSj czh rks iwfN, er&Hkaxh
dk dke ekaxdj dj ysrs FksA ;g dksYgw Hkaxh cukus ds Ldwy ds :i esa fo[;kr Fkk] ijarq og dke vc lguh; gksrs gh ogh mPp
o.khZ; fganw tkfr ls ml cspkjs Hkaxh dks viuh cxy esa cSBus ugha nsrs FksA
yksdekU; dh e`R;q ij miokl86

blh nkSjku dHkh vkxs&ihNs yksdekU; ds LoxZokl dk lekpkj vk x;kA izFker% mM+rk lekpkj jkr esa feykA izkr%dky ,dne iDdk
lekpkj feykA yksdekU; dh e`R;q ls esjh vkRek NviVkus yxhA og NviVkgV O;Dr Hkh dSls dh tk,] var esa vkB cts ;g fup;
gks x;k fd iwjs vaneku esa miokl j[kk tk, vkSj nwljs fnu kksd iznkZukFkZ var%LFk lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k tk,A rRdky gekjh laLFkk
ds lgdkjh yksxksa dks ;g lwfpr fd;k x;kA ,d ds ckn ,d ;g lekpkj dkjkxkj ls ysdj nwj }hi ds xkao&xkao rd Qsy x;k vkSj
Hkkstu ds le; ns[kk rks dkjkx`g ls lqnwj ^jkl* }hi rd vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ij yksxksa us vius&vius Hkkstu dks udkjkA
vf/kdkjh lksp esa iM+ x,] ;g D;k\ ijarq dksbZ dkj.k ugha crk jgk Fkk] D;ksafd canh dks jktuhfr ugha vkrh] tSls xk; dh vkRek ugha
gksrh vkSj cafn;ksa ds jktuhfr ugha] ckdh ljdkjh jktuhfr djus ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha FkhA bruk gh ugha] mUgsa og Hkh vius eu ds
fo:} djuh iM+rhA mnkgj.k&;q} ds nkSjku ml egk;q}kFkZ vaxzsth lkezkT; dk Lo.kZ es: fnokfy;k u gks] blfy, vaneku ds cafn;ksa ls
Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa us pank bdV~Bk djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksMh+ vkSj ;q} esa canh ds Ikpkr~ kkafr dk ikyu djus ds fy, dksbZ dlj ugha
NksMh+ vkSj ;q} esa canh ds Ipkr~ kkafr dk ikyu djus ds fy, mUgsa cyiwoZd ?kaVk&vk/kk ?kaVk pqi cSBuk iM+rkA ijarq yksdekU; dh e`R ;q
ij kksd izdV djus dk cafn;ksa dks vf/kdkj ugha
86
vxLr 1920
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
428
FkkA mlds fy, Hkkstu dk R;kx djus ij kh?kz gh jktnzksfg;ksa ls laca/k j[kus dk vfHk;ksx vkSj csM+h yxrhA vr% canhokuksa us pqIih lk/k
yhA /khjs&/khjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vius vki irk pyk fd yksdekU; ds fy, gtkjksa canh vkt miokl dj jgs gSaA ,d&nks ?kaVksa esa ;g
lekpkj pkjksa rjQ Qsy x;k vkSj gtkjksa cafn;ksa us laxfBr miokl dk dSls ikyu fd;k] bl ckr ij vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lks/k vkp;Z
gks jgk FkkA ukS okZ iwoZ bDdk&nqDdk O;fDr gh gksrk ;k ugha Hkh gksrk] tks fryd ds uke ls ifjfpr gks vkSj ,sls jkVh; ckus dk
O;fDr rks gtkjksa esa ,d gh feyrk] tks bl jkVh; kksd ds fy, ,d fnu dk miokl j[kdj [kkyh isV vFkd dBksj ifjJe dj jgk
gksrkA mlh vaneku esa vkB&ukS okksZa ds izpkj ls ,slk laxBu cu x;k vkSj ,slh jktuhfrd vkLFkk mRiUu gks xbZ fd txg&txg ds
nsklsod usrk cafn;ksa dks dkjkx`g ls nks ?kaVksa esa lansk izkIr gksuk laHko gqvk vkSj lgksa canh ,der ls jkVh; kksd euk ldsA
lHkk,a Hkh xqIr :i ls Hkjus yxhaA

;gh ckr lHkk&xksfB;kas dks ysdj FkhA ckgj mifuosk eas gekjh laLFkk ds izeq[k O;fDr lHkk vk;ksftr djrs gq, le;≤ ij yksxksa dks
tkxzr~ djrs] jktuhfrd fok; ij Hkkk.k nsdj mUgsa fkf{kr djrsA vFkkZr~ bl rjg dh lHkk,a ladV ls eqDr ugha gksrh] D;kasfd caf n;ksa
ds fy, ,d ftys ls nwljs ftys esa tkuk fufk} Fkk vkSj bu lHkkvksa esa lkS&lkS canh laxfBr gksrs] tks lHkh Lfkkuksa ls vkrsA ;g laHkkouk
ml mifuosk esa cafn;ksa] tks jkVh; vkanksyu ds izfr var%LFk :i ls vuqdwy Fks rFkk Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lgk;rk ls gh dk;kZ fUor
gksrhA ijarq dHkh&dHkh lcdqN Vka;&Vka; fQLl gks tkrk vkSj egoiw.kZ O;fDr ds gh idM+s tkus dh vkkadk jgrhA ihulosx uked ,d
ftys dk mnkgj.k nsrs gSaA ,d ckj ogka lHkk dk vk;kstu r; gks x;kA nwj&nwj ls yksx fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls vk x,A var%LFk LFkku
ij nwj rd igjs cSBk, x, vkSj lHkk Hkj xbZA vc lHkh yksxksa esa jkVh; vkosk dk lapkj.k gks gh jgk Fkk fd eq[; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls
iqfyl dk ,d ifjfpr O;fDr fn[kkbZ fn;kA fQj D;k\ ,dne xM+cM+ gks xbZA D;k oDrk] D;k Jksrk vkSj D;k mHkjrk gqvk og
vkosk&gj dksbZ ?kkl esa ls] iRFkjksa esa ls] pky ds ihNs ls fNirs&fNirs ckM+ ij ls dwndj mM+u&Nw gks x,A tks ,d&nks dwnrs gq, idM+s
x, cl ogha idM+s x,A iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh ifjfpr FkkA ij fdlh us pqxyh [kkbZ Fkh fd bl izdkj var%LFk lHkk,a tqVrh gSa] vr%
mls ofjBksa dh vkKk feyh vkSj og ogka vk x;k FkkA vU;Fkk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
429
vius vkaxu esa Hkjh lHkk dh vksj Hkh og vka[k mBkdj ugha ns[krk FkkA dwnrs gq, tks fxj x, mUgsa gh /kedk;k] ijarq mlh ftys ds
gksus vkSj jfookj ds fnu cSBus esa dqN vf/kd gkfu u gksus ds dkj.k vU; yksxksa ds uke&/kke iwNs fcuk gh mlus lwfpr fd;k fd lHkh
oXkSjg dqN ugha FkhA ijarq ogka ds ,d ejkBh canh dks] tks ogka dk usrk Fkk] naMLo:i vkxs pydj pids ls fy[kus ds dke ls gVkdj
Je ds dke ij Hkstk x;kA nks lIrkg Hkh ugha gq, gksax]s gekjs yksxksa us dqN flQkfjk ds lkFk mls iqu% fy[kus ds dke ij fu;qDr
fd;kA
vaneku esa gekjs nsk dh jhfr] ijaijk ds vuqlkj nkgjk] nhokyh rFkk gksyh ds R;ksgkj cM+s BkB&ckV] /kwe/kke ls euk, tkrs gSaA ogka
,sls rhu eafnj gSa ftuesa ls ,d vf[ky fganqvksa dk] ,d fl[kksa dk rFkk ,d vk;Zlekft;ksa dk vLFkk;h LFkku gSA mu R;ksgkjksa ds fnuksa esa
lHkh fganw cafn;ksa dks NqV~Vh nh tkrh gS vkSj kke rd cktkjksa esa [kqys ?kweus dh NwV Hkh feyrh gSA ijarq dkjkxkj ds canh ckgj ugha tk
ldrsA geus ;g uhfr r; dh Fkh fd bu R;ksgkjksa dh ;k=kvksa dk ykHk ;FkklaHko izpkj dk;Z ds fy, fd;k tk,A gekjs ckgj jgusokys
yksx ml fnu NksVs&eksVs la?k ds :i esa laxfBr gksdj Hkkk.k ;k ,slh ppkZ djrs] tks lkoZtfud Kku rFkk jkVh; Hkkouk mRiUu
djusokyh gksA eafnjksa esa dFkkokpd iqjkf.kd rFkk iqtkjh dks Hkh blh lkaps esa <kyus dk iz;kl djrsA tkfr fufoZksk fganqvksa ls xhrk ,oa
iqjk.k ij dFkk,a vkSj vk;Zlekt ds Hktu vk;ksftr fd, tkrsA bl izdkj R;ksgkj ds bu fnuksa esa krkf/kd lk/kkj.k vui<+ fganw caf n;ksa
esa jkVh; fopkjksa rFkk jktuhfr dh ftKklk ,oa :fp ds cht cks nsrsA gekjs lkFkh] tks blls iwoZ naM ikdj x, vkSj dkjkx`g esa gekjs
lkFk Fks vkSj ogka ls laLFkk ds izpkj dh ;kstuk vkSj ozr ysdj ckgj vPNs ys[kd] dkj[kkusnkj] x.kd vkfn drZO; le>rs gSaA ijarq
de&ls&de bl laLdj.k rd rks gesa bl eksg ij vadqk j[kuk gh iM+sxk&dsoy mUgha ds fy,A muesa ls dbZ /kkjokM+] vdksyk] fcgkj
vkfn dh vksj ds fkf{kr x`gLFk FksA ;|fi mudh x.kuk lk/kkj.k vijkf/k;ksa esa gks xbZ Fkh] rFkkfi mu ij yxk, x, vfHk;ksx fuLla nsg
jktuhfrd Fks vkSj blh dkj.k os jktcanh FksA dqN ,sls vui<+ canh Fks ftUgksaus igys pksjh] MdSrh] gR;k vkfn t?kU; vijk/k fd, Fks]
ijarq vc os brus lq/kj x, Fks fd ;g ns[kdj fdlh dks Hkh viwoZ larksk feyrk fd ;s vijk/k mudh vkRek dks v/kksxkeh ugha cuk
ldsA mifj fufnZV cafn;ksa esa ls lHkk rFkk vkanksyu djrs le; fdlh ds idM+s tkus dk izlax vk tkrk rks vkanksyudkjh gksus ds ukrs
vaneku vius dkuwu ds vuqlkj >ViV Qslyk nsrk vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
430
mudks okZ] Ng eghus dk dkjkxkjh; naM Hkh fn;k tkrkA mifuoskh; lq[k&lqfo/kk,a ,oa vf/kdkj muls vLFkk;h :i esa Nhu fy;s tkrsA
ijarq os mu ladVksa dks >syrsA mudh nskHkfDr dk Lo:i bruk lPpk ,oa mRdV Fkk fd dkjkxkj esa mudh x.kuk jktcafn;ksa ds :i esa
dh tkrh] os vknj.kh; cursA
jktcafn;ksa dk lEeku gksus yxk

buds lkgl ls lacaf/kr ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gwaA tSlkfd geus ihNs gh dgk gS] vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa ls cksyuk Hkh vijk/k FkkA
db;ksa dks bl vijk/k esa inP;qr gksuk iM+kA db;ksa dks ys[ku&dk;Z ls nwj jgdj rsy ds dksYgw esa [kVuk iM+rkA ijarq tc fganqLFkku ls
lSfud fk{kk&izfkf{kr jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka vkus yxh rc iqfyl dh laiw.kZ O;oLFkk foQy gks xbZ] D;ksafd var%LFk lekjksg esa mUgsa
vknjiwoZd Qykgkj vkfn fn;k tkrkA mlh rjg tc jktcanh {keknku ds dkj.k cjh gksus yxs rc okilh dh ;k=k esa fudys mu
nskizsfe;ksa dk lRdkj djds ;k=k ds fy, jkg [kpZ dk izca/k fd;k x;kA ftuds ikl dsoy canh ds gh oL= gksrs] mUgsa u, diM+s fn,
tkrs vkSj FkksM+s&cgqr iSls Hkh( vkSj ;g lcdqN var%LFk :i esa] D;ksafd ;fn bldh ckr Qsy xbZ rks ljdkjh naM feyrk vkSj os yksx
efV;kesV gks tkrsA ;g lkjk O;; viuh vi;kZIr VqViqaft;k tsc ls pank bV~dBk djds fn;k tkrkA
vk;ksx ds lkeus geus dqN ckrksa dks vko;d :Ik ls lq/kkj ;ksX; le>dj vkxzgiwoZd izLrqr fd;k Fkk ;k muesa mu ckrksa dks izeq[k
LFkku fn;k Fkk] tks vaneku esa cafn;ksa dks fk{kk xzg.k djsu esa izR;{k&vizR;{k :i esa ck/kk curh FkhA vk;ksx us tkrs le; lokZf/kd
vko;d le>dj m/kj tks lq/kkj fd,] muesa igyk lq/kkj Fkk&oS|dh; O;oLFkkA jcM+ ds dke] tax y ds dke vkfn dBksj dkeksa dh
dBksjrk esa <hy nsuk& nwljk lq/kkj Fkk( vkSj rhljk lq/kkj Fkk fk{kkRed lq/kkj] ftldh geus ekax dh FkhA cafn;ksa dks fk{kkRed Lora=rk
vc dkQh vak rd nh xbZA vc fk{kk xzg.k djuk vijk/k ugha le>k tkrk] tSlk fd igys FkkA u gh dksbZ ckjh tSlk vf/kdkjh LysV
ns[krs gh mls rM+krM+ QksM+dj dkexkjksa esa /kekpkSdM+h epkrkA ml ij rRdkyhu canhiky rFkk Ik;Zos{kd Hkh fk{kk izlkj ds i{k esa FksA
;gh volj ikdj geus Bku fy;k fd vius rsy xksnke dh lkis{k Lora=rk ,oa LFkku dk blh fnkk esa ;FkklaHko ykHk mBk;k tk,A
blls iwoZ ml canhiky us ns[kk&lquk Fkk fd ge izFker% fk{kk izlkjkFkZ fdrus ;Rukhy FksA ijarq blls iwoZ ftl lgkuqHkwfr dk os iznkZu
ugha dj lds] mls vc vf/kdkj izkIr gksrs gh iznfkZr djus yxsA eSaus muds lkFk ppkZ ;g r; fd;k fd cPpksa dh Vksyh esa ,d
v/;kidj fu;qDr djds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
431
cPpksa ls dke dh rjg gh izkFkfed rS;kjh Hkh djokbZ tk,A bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj ,d jktcanh bl dke ij fu;qDr fd;k x;kA
dkjkxkj laLFkk dk ;gh vuqHko gS fd vYio;Ld vijkf/k;ksa esa ls fk{kk xzg.k djus ij mke ;qok ukxfjd fudy ldrs gSaA ml
jktcanh xq:th us] tks cPpksa ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] viuk dke pks[kk fd;kA os mUgsa v{kjkRed fk{kk gh iznku ugha djrs] vfirq
gekjs ogka ds fk{kk&e ds vuqlkj eq[;r% jkVh; ,oa vkfRed fk{kk Hkh iznku djrsA xhrk esa ls dksbZ yksd] /kkfeZd xa zFkksa ds JsB
ro] izfrfnu ds jktuhfrd lekpkjksa ls Hkh mUgsa fuR; fu;fer :i ls ifjfpr fd;k tkrkA fganh Hkkkk rFkk ukxjh Hkh i<+kbZ tkrhA
vanekuh; turk ds fy, eSaus dqN jkVh; xhr fganh esa rS;kj fd, FksA mUgsa rFkk vU; jkVh; xhrksa dks vaneku ds Lora = ykssx Hkh
fy[kdj ys tkrs vkSj vius cPpksa dks i<+krsA
o;Ldksa ds fy, Hkh fk{kk dh lqfo/kk

tSls gh dkjkxkjh; cPpksa dh Vksyh esa fk{kk dh O;oLFkk gqbZ] eSaus o;Ld cafn;ksa ds fy, rsy xksnke esa gh ;g O;oLFkk izR;{k :i esa
djokbZA vkt rd ;g dk;Z pksjh&fNis djuk iM+rk Fkk] ijarq vc og izR;{k :i esa gksus yxkA vkt rd ;g dk;Z pksjh&fNis djuk
iM+rk Fkk] ijar vc og izR;{k :i esa gksus yxkA esjh ns[kjs[k esa ukfj;y ds dke esa lkS Ms<+ lkS canh FksA eSa mUgas nks ?ka Vs i<+us ds fy,
NqV~Vh nsrkA blds Ikpkr~ os Vksfy;ka cukdj i<+us yxsA vc jfookj ds fnu cafn;ksa dks ,d lkFk cSBdj i<+us esa dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha
FkhA tSls fd igys FkhA vr% gekjh Hkkxrh gqbZ lkIrkfgd cSBdsa vc vkyFkh&ikyFkh yxkdj BkB ls gksus yxhA Hkkk.k gksus yxsA bl
iznk Lora=rk ls canh mUek] mn~naM cus ;k dkepksj gks x,\ vFkok vuqkklu esa dksbZ [kksV vk xbZ\ fcYdqy ughaA izR;qr blls iwoZ
vuqkklu dk ikyu cyiwoZd djk;k vFkok fd;k tkrk Fkk] tcfd vc drZO; Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksdj fdk; tkus yxkA nl&ikap yksxksa esa
fdlh ds vuqkklughu gksrs gh vFkok rw&rM+kd] gkFkkikbZ ij mrjrs gh muesa ls gh dksbZ vka[ksa rjsjdj dgrk] ^,s gjkeh! vc cspkjs
fMfxUl lkgc vkSj ckcwth ge yksxksa dks Bhd ls j[krs gSa rks rqe kSrkuh djrk gS] vka\ ckjh ds fnuksa dks Hkwy x,\*
ljdkjh vuqefr ls ftruk jkVh; dk;Z dj ldrs Fks] mruk djrs gq, tks dk;Z [kqysvke ugha dj ldrs Fks] og iwoZor~ var%LFk :i esa
djrs jgsA tSls Jh xksfoanflag dh t;arhA geus ;g t;arh cM+s iSekus dk fup; fd;k Fkk] rkfd fl[k&fganqvksa esa isze rFkk laLd`f r ds
vfHkeku dk ca/ku n`<+ gksA og jfookj dk fnu FkkA vr% izkr%dky ds le; uohu fu;ekuqlkj gh lHkh canh viuh bekjr esa bdV~Bs
cSBsA ijarq bl bekjr ds cafn;ksa dk ml bekjr esa tkuk fufk} gksus rFkk
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
432
esjk Hkkk.k lquus ds fy, mRlqd gksus ij fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus eSaus nks&rhu bekjrksa dh lHkkvksa esa Hkkk.k fd;kA izR;sd bekjr esa fl[k
jktcanh ds lkFk&lkFk vfl[k fganw canh Hkh vR;ar izseiwoZd kcn&dhrZu] xq: xksfoanflag ds d`R; rFkk fganw laxBu dk ego lquus esa
O;Lr FksA ml fnu gekjs dkj[kkus esa rFkk ,d vkSj LFkku ij izlkn cuok;k x;k FkkA ;g ^dM+k izlkn lR;ukjk;.k ds izlkn dh rjg
lHkh cafn;ksa esa ckaVk x;kA blds Ikpkr~ jfookj ds fu;e ds vuqlkj leLr canh dksBfj;ksa eas can gks tkrs] ijarq geus viuh xksBh
tekdj izk;% lHkh fl[k jktcafn;ksa rFkk vU; izeq[k cafn;ksa dks dksBfj;ksa esa [kqyk j[kok;kA vkSj ftl le; ofjB vf/kdkjh ckgj pys
tkrs gSa] ml le; lHkh fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lg;ksx ls] tks gekjh gh fopkj/kkjk ds Fks] xqacn ij lHkk vk;ksftr dhA mlesa
izR;sd bekjr ds pqfuank yksx mifLFkr FksA vkl&ikl yxHkx lkS yksx laxfBr gksdj igjk nsrs jgs] rkfd dksbZ ofjB vf/kdkjh u vk
Vidsa geus mlh dkjkxkj esa jkVh; xhr xk,A mlds Ikpkr~ esjk O;k[;ku mRlkgiwoZd lquk x;kA gka] mlh dkjkxkj esa] tgka ikpa cafn;ksa
dk ,d lkFk fopkj&fofue; djuk vijk/k Fkk&fQj jkV dk uke ysusokys dh rks ckr gh nwjA vkSj jkV dk uke ysusokyk dksbZ fey
Hkh tkrk rks lkS esa ls ,d Hkh O;fDr ,slk ugha feyrk Fkk tks jkV dk uke le> ldrk gks ;k mls HkfDrHkko ls Jo.k dj ldrk gksA
xazFkky; dk foLrkj
cafn;ksa ds bl cqf} fodkl izksRlkgukFkZ] tks dksbZ fk{kk xzg.k djus esa rRijrk dk iznkZu djrk vkSj fopkj xksfB;ksa eas mifLFkr jgrk]
ml canh dks ge gydk&Qqydk vkjkensg dke ns nsrsA izFker% LysVsa vkSj iqLrdsa gesa viuh laLFkk ds }kjk ckaVuh iM+rh] ijarq vc
fk{kkfiz; vf/kdkjh ds vk tkus ls geus vkxzg fd;k fd ljdkj dh vksj ls canh dks iqLrdsa vkSj LysVsa nh tk,aA vkosnu rFkk
fy[kk&i<+h gksrs&gksrs bl rjg dk vknsk vk x;k vkSj ljdkjh O;; ls fed iqLrdsa rFkk LysVsa feyus yxhaA eSa ckj&ckj vf/kdkfj;ksa
dh n`fV esa ykrk fd os yksx fdruh mRlqdrk ls mudk mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA xzaFkky; esa jktcafn;ksa dh gh iqLrdsa fdlh canh dks i<+us ds
fy, miyC/k djkus dh lqfo/kk ds fy, vuqefr izkIr djkbZA blds Ikpkr~ ;g lq>k;k fd xzaFkky; eas dqN iqLrdsa ljdkjh O;; ls j[kh
tk,aA mldh fVIif.k;ka] lwph vkfn cukus dk dke gekjs gh ikl vkus ls mleas ;FkklaHko jkVh; iqLrdsa tksM+dj izeq[kr% fganh iqL rdsa
vf/kd ek=k esa eaxokbZA muesa ls dqN uke mPp vf/kdkjh ^vkifkdj* le>dj dkV nsrs&fQj mu iqLrdksa dks var%LFk :i esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
433
viuh laLFkk eaxok;kA oSls gh oga var%LFk :i esa ;FkklaHko jkVh; vkanksyu pyk;k x;kA bu iqLrdksa esa rfey] ey;kyh] dUuM+& bl
nzfoM+ la?k dh fganw Hkkkkvksa dh iqLrdsa Hkh eaxokbZ xbZA
vf/kdkjh vkp;Zpfdr
,d fnu ;gak ds ,d ;qjksfi;u vf/kdkjh ds lkFk ppkZ djus ij fd bl laiw.kZ fk{kk&vkanksyu dk dqN lqifj.kke Hkh gS ;k ugha] ;g
tkuus ds fy, geus dkjkxkj ds fganw cafn;ksa esa ls lk/kkj.k fy[kuk&i<+uk tkuusokys canh fdrus gSa vkSj muesa ls ml dkjkxkj es a vkus
ds ckn fdrus fkf{kr gq,] blds vkadMs+ bdV~Bs fd,A mlls ;g Kkr gqvk fd fganw cafn;ksa eas vLlh izfrkr canh ,sls Fks tks vaneku
vkus ds Ikpkr~ fkf{kr gq,A bl vktekus ds fopkj ls ,d jfookj dks ml vf/kdkjh us vpkud vle; izR;sd dksBjh esa pDdj
yxk;kA rc ;g ns[kdj fd ukukfo/k fok;ksa ij iqLrdsa i<+us rFkk jkVh; xhr xkus ls cafn;ksa esa ls vusd yksx rYyhu gSa& ml iqjkus
vf/kdkjh us nkarksa rys vaxqyh nck yh] D;ksafd nl okZ iwoZ jfookj ds fnu mlus izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa dks pkSlj] tqvk [ksyrs] xkyh&xykSt
djrs vkSj vusd dqdekZsa esa O;Lr jgrs gq, gh ns[kk FkkA bruk varj ns[kdj mlus foLe; iznfkZr fd;kA
fk{kk dh O;k[;k
ij geus mudh gh la[;k nh gS tks lk/kkj.k fy[kuk&i<+uk tkurs FksA ijarq m/kj geus fk{kk dh ;g O;k[;k fufpr dh gS] ftls
vius nsk dh rFkk izpfyr jktuhfr dh bruh tkudkjh gS vkSj ftldk lk/kkj.k Kku bruk fodflr gks x;k gS fd og Hkkoh lafo/kku
lHkk vFkok iaplHkk esa viuk izfrfuf/k pquus ds fy, viuk er mldk fufgr vFkZ le>dj ns ldsA bl iSekus ls Hkh mu fganw cafn;ksa
esa de&ls&de pkyhl izfrkr yksx ^fkf{kr* dgykus ;ksX; gks x, FksA ;wjksi esa Hkh ernkrk lk/kkj.kr% bruk gh fkf{kr gksus ls ernku
ds ;ksX; le>k tkrk gSA
Ckgqr fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ FkksM+k lk gh lgh] gesa ml rsy xksnke esa O;fDr&Lokra; dk miHkksx djus dk volkj izkIr gks x;k FkkA izkr%dky
gh ugha vfirq dHkh&dHkh lk;adky Hkh gesa dksBjh ds ckgj NksMk+ tkrkA ml le; LoPN] fueZy fNVdh gqbZ pkanuh esa [kM+s jgus dk
vkuan geus nl okksaZ ds Ikpkr~ vuqHko fd;kA cM+k vkuan vkrkA rFkkfi ml pkanuh jkr dh Hkh ,d dkfyek vo; Fkh vkSj og ;g
fd ;g dkjkoklh; pkanuh gS] tSls ekku dh pkanuhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
434
ckck dh /kS;Zkhy ewfrZ

FkksMs+ fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ ml ej?kV dh pkanuh esa esjs lax esjs T;sB ca/kq dks lgHkkxh gksus dh lgwfy;r izkIr gks xbZA eSa muds lkFk
nks&pkj ?kfM+;ka fcrk ldrk FkkA ijarq og dsoy mudk nq%[k ns[kdj [ksn izdV djus rd gh] D;ksafd mUgsa risfnd gks tkus ls [kkalh
bruh c<+ xbZ Fkh fd ,d ckj [kkaluk vkjaHk gksus ij vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk lkal ysuk nwHkj gks tkrkA oSls gh [kkalrs&[kkalrs csar dh QVh
iqjkuh dqlhZ ij gkaQrs gq, ijarq eq[k ij /kS;Z] lkgl dk fLer fy;s gq,&os dVHkksxh nskizseh] esjs vxzt&dacy tSlk QVs&iqjkus cksjs dk
og dksV tks mudh Vkaxs <kairk Fkk& mudh og canhoku~ d:.k ewfrZ eq>s vkt Hkh T;ksa&dh&R;ksa fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA
ml ej?kV dh pkanuh esa] ml {kf.kd miyC/k O;fDr Lokra; esa ;FkklaHko vf/kdkf/kd izpkj dk;Z djrs] ;FkklaHko de dq<+rs] de
dqafBr gksrs] fnu ;kiu djrs&djrs ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; esjs lgdVHkksxh jktcanh Jheku us tYnh&tYnh vkdj lekpkj&i= dk
,d VqdM+k esjh est ij j[k fn;kA mls fNikdj gh i<+uk Fkk vU;Fkk dksbZ ns[k ysrkA eSaus og i<+ fy;kA ns[kk rks mlesa ;g lekpkj Fkk
fd ljdkj us vaneku dk mifuosk can djus dk izLrko fd;k gS] vc u, cafn;ksa dk vkxeu :dsxkA bruk gh ugha vfirq tks canhoku
gSa] muesa Hkh tks vaneku eas ugha jguk pkgrs gSa] mUgsa dqN krksaZ ij Lonskh; dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tk,xkA
;g lekpkj i<+rs gh ge d`rkFkZ gks x,A dkjkxkjh; eaMy ds lkeus geus vaneku ds cafn;ksa ds tks nq%[k izLrqr fd, Fks] muesa fd, gq,
fuHkhZd fo/kku ds fy, geas {keknku dk ykHk ugha feyus fn;k x;k&;g geas fufpr Kkr FkkA Hkys gh ge cjh ugha gq,] ijarq bu gtkjksa
cafn;ksa ds fy, tks djuk laHko Fkk] og djds ml dk;Z esa lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, ge vkafkd gh lgh] dkj.khHkwr gks x,&blh ls ge
viuh vkRek esa izlUurk dk vuqHko djus yxsA
cafn;ksa esa ls lSdM+ksa yksxksa us ge ij d`rK vkHkkjksa dh ckSNkj dhA muesa ;g ckr lHkh tkurs Fks fd gekjs vkxeu ls vkSj ge vius
jktcafn;ksa rFkk vU; canh lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk nl okZ la?kksz ds] lekpkj&i=ksa ds] vkosnuksa ds] la?kkZ ds] fo/kkulHkk izuksa ds] izfroknksa ds]
i=ksa ds }kjk tks vkanksyu pyk, gq, Fks] muls gh vaneku dh vksj] fganqLFkku dk vkSj fganqLFkku ljdkj dk /;ku x;k vkSj tsy vk;ksx
Jail Commission dks kh?kZrkiwoZd vaneku dk ekeyk gkFk esa ysuk iM+kA eSaus muls] tks esjk vfHkuanu dj jgs Fks] dgk] ^^vaneku
vkf[kj mB x;kA ;g ?kVuk fdlh Hkh ,d ?kVuk dk ifj.kke ugha] vfirq nl okksZa ds vfojr rFkk lokZaxh.k vkanksyu dk ifj.kke gSA
mlds fy, vki lHkh us] fokskr% jktcafn;ksa us tks] dV mBk, vkSj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
435
mlesa tks vkafkd lQyrk izkIr gqbZ gS] mldk Js; vki lcdk gSA** bruk dgdj eSaus mudk izR;kfHkuanu fd;kA
iRFkj dh nhokj vkf[kj VwVh

^^vkt ckjh ckck pkfg, Fks] ^êSaus O;aX; esa vius fe= ls dgkA ckjh eq>ls fuR; dgrk] ^lkojdj] D;ksa viuk flj ikkk.k dh bl
nhokj ls Vdjk jgs gks\ blls D;k nhokj VwVrh gS] flj vo; QwVsxkA* vkt eSa mlls dgrk] ^fe-ckjh] vaneku ds dkjkxkj dh ikkk.kh
nhokj ij flj Vdjkrs jgus ls] lR; gh flj cgqr ckj QwVk] ijarq rqEgkjh ikkk.k dh ;g nhokj Hkh VwVs fcuk ugha jg ldhA*
ml jkr ml lekpkj ij fopkj djds eSa bl fup; ij igqap x;k fd fganw fgr dh n`fV ls fopkj djds ml ljdkjh uhfr dk dgka
leFkZu djuk pkfg, vkSj dgka fojks/k djuk pkfg,A eSaus bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj fd;k fd esjh bl ubZ uhfr ds dkj.k eq>s izFker%
yksdfiz;rk dks cfy p<+kuk gksxkA yksxksa ds jksk dks yksd fgrkFkZ dqN dky rd lguk iM+sxk] tSlkfd kqf}dj.k vkanksyu ds le; vka jHk
dky esa mlh mifuosk eas gqvk FkkA
iwjh rjg vaneku dk mifuosk rksM+us dh uhfr eq>s igys ls gh Lohdkj ugha FkhA vaneku eas tks dqN pkfg, Fkk] og mifuosk ugha]
vfirq ftu nqV izfrxkeh rFkk vfgrdkjh fu;e ds varxZr og kklu py jgk Fkk] os fu;e VwVus pkfg,A cafn;ksa dk mifuosk eq>s
vo; pkfg, Fkk] ijarq esjs fopkj ls og ,slh uhfr ls le`} fd;k tk,] ftl uhfr ls baXySaM ds vktUe dkjkokl ij Hksts x,
vijkf/k;ksa }kjk dukMk vkfn nskksa esa fodflr fd;k x;k FkkA baXySaM esa pksjh&pdkjh ls gR;k rd ftu&ftu vijkf/k;ksa dks [kwa [kkj ls
Hkh [kwa[kkj le>k tkrk] mUgsa nafMr dh Hkhk.krk dukMk ds chgM+ HkwHkkx dks clkus esa mi;ksxh fl} gqbZA lH;&fkV lekt ds lkSE;
dkuwuksa ls fdafpr~ dBksj vkSj cgqr dM+kbZ ls ikyu fd, tkusokys fu;eksa ds lkFk ml kklu dh ns[kjs[k esa /khjs&/khjs laLdkfjr djus ls
wj&ls&wj vijkf/k;ksa dk wjRo Hkh cafn;ksa dk mifuosk clkus esa mi;qDr fl} gksrk gSA dsoy ml mifuosk dh uhfr mu cafn;ksa dk
foukk djus vFkok izfrkks/k dh ugha gks] oju~ lekt ds fy, mudk mi;ksx dj ysusokyh gksA dukMk esa vakr% rFkk vesfjdk vkSj
vhdk esa vf/kdkakr% tks vaxszt vijk/kh nafMr gksdj x,] mUgsa dBksj fu;eksa ds v/khu ;FkklaHko Lora=rk ns rs jgus ls mudh mxzrk
,oa lkgl dk mfpr mi;ksx dj fy;k x;kA ml ohjku [kaMgj ,oa fga iznsk esa mifuosk clk, x,A tks equ;&cy baXySaM ds
dkjkxkjksa esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
436
lM+ jgk Fkk] mlh dks dukMk ds bykdksa esa Hkstdj mudh larku&o`f} gksus nh xbZA ifj.kker% vkt og krxquk o`f}axr gksdj mudh
larkuksa dk Lora= jkV cu x;kA baXySaM dk euq;&cy ,oa jkV&cy Hkh o`f}axr gqvkA jkVfgr dh n` fV ls ge ;g vko;d le>rs
gSa fd ;gh uhfr vaneku ds Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa ds mifuosk dk ewyk/kkj gksA
vijkf/k;ksa dk lgh mi;ksx

vaneku ds cafn;ksa dk mifuosk iw.kZr% rksM+ nsuk vkSj vkt rd ds lkjs dV vkSj O;; ij ikuh Qsjuk gekjs vkanksyu dk /;s; ugha
FkkA gekjh bPnk Fkh fd bl mifuosk dks jkVh; uhfr ls kkflr fd;k tk,] D;ksafd ;fn vktUe dkjkokl naM izkIr canh vaneku esa ;k
vU; fdlh Hkh }hi esa u;k mifuosk clkus ugha Hksts x, rks mUgsa pkSng cjl rd fganqLFkku ds fdlh dkjkxkj esa lM+us ds fy, j[kk
tk,xkA blls mudk thou vR;ar nwHkj gksxkA ijarq jkVh; n`fV ls bl izdkj ds Hk;adj lkglh vkSj izk;% dV~Vj xq.kksa dk Hkh
nqxZ/ak;qDr [kkn vFkok foLQksVd dh rjg mfpr fofu;ksx djus esa tks mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] lekt mlls oafpr gksrk gSA mlls Hkh
vf/kd gkfu ;g gksrh gS fd brus euq;&cy ds dkjkxkj dh pV~Vkuh vkx esa tydj O;FkZ tkus ls mudh larku&o`f} ls Hkh lekt
oafpr jgrk gSA
gekjs erkuqlkj tks oSKkfud ;g izfrikfnr djrs gSa fd vijk/k&izo.krk vkuqoafkd gksrh gS] os bl izesg ds lR;kak dk vfrjsd djrs
gSaA ;g vlR;] feF;k /kkj.kk gS fd izR;sd nafMr dh nqVrk] izR;sd ikih dk iki mldh larku esa Hkh vkuqokafkd ijaijk ls mrjrk gSA
vijk/k&izo.krk larku esa mrjs] ;g ek= vkuqoafkdrk ij Hkh fuHkZj u gksdj vusd rfnrj dkj.kksa ij Hkh fuHkZj gSA fk{kk] ifjfLFkfr;ka]
laxhr vkfn vusd dkj.kksa esa ewy cht ls fof{kIr cuh izo`fk larku esa vijk/k&izo.krk lafer gksus ds dkj.k gSA ;fn nqxZ.k vkSj
ln~xq.k fujis{k :i esa larku esa mrjrs rks fkokth dh dks[k esa laHkkth vkSj vaxszt nafMrksa] tks yksx mRiUu gh ugha gksrs ftUgksaus ,d
lcy&Lora= jkV dk fuekZ.k djds mls fujarj pyk;k gSA ftl rjg ;g lR; ugha fd dfo dk iq= dfo gh cusxk] mlh rjg ;g Hkh
lR; ugha fd nqV vijk/kh dk iq= vijk/kh gh gksxkA
vr% dkjkxkj esa vktUe can djds vius jkV ds nafMrksa ls oafpr gksuk] mu nafMrksa ds vijk/kkFkZ dsoy mUgsa gh ugha izR;qr jkV dks
naM nsuk Hkh gSA mldh vis{kk bu nafMrksa dks vaneku tSls fdlh taxyh bykds esa Hkstuk] ml HkwHkkx
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
437
dks mitk cukus ds fy, lkis{kr% dBksj dkuwu ds uhps ykuk] muls equ;ksfpr vkpj.k rFkk ifjJe djkuk] mudk kklu djokuk]
dqN le; ds Ikpkr~ ;fn ;g funfkZr gks fd muesa ls dqN yksxksa esa lkekftd ln~xq.k fodflr gks jgs gSa] rks mUgsa lkis{k Lora=rk nsuk]
mudk ?kj clkuk] mUgsa laifr izkIr djus dh vuqefr nsuk jkVh; n`fV ls mfpr gSA gekjs erkuqlkj vaneku mifuosk ds laca/k esa
ljdkj blh uhfr dks viuk,A blls vaneku tSls ,d u, }hi dh tksrkbZ rks gksxh gh] nafMrksa dh larku ls ,d gksugkj Hkkjrh;
mifuosk dk fuekZ.k Hkh gksxk vkSj viuh ml equ;kfDr ls Hkh ftls jn~nh] csdkj] dwM+k&djdV le>k x;k Fkk] fganqLFkku bruk
egoiw.kZ mRiknu fudky ldrk gS] ;g Hkh fl} gks ldsxkA vaneku dk mifuosk gkfudkjd ugha FkkA mls rksM+uk mfpr ugha Fkk] mfpr
Fkk mu vuqnkj dkuwuksa dks rksM+uk] ftuds vf/kdkj esa mldk kklu FkkA gekjs vkanksyu dk ize[q k mn~ns; Fkk vanekuh; nafMrksa dks
lq/kkjuk] mUgsa ,slh fk{kk iznku djuk ftlls mudh larku tUe ysrs gh lH; txr~ dh ukxfjd cusA ;gh ml mifuosk dh uhfr gks
vkSj blh uhfr ds vuqdwy dkuwuksa }kjk mldk fu;eu gksA
tsy vk;ksx ds lkeus fn, x, fyf[kr lk{; esa rFkk ekSf[kd ppkZ esa geus ;g cyiwoZd izfrikfnr fd;k FkkA
ijarq tks ljdkjh izLrko izdkfkr gqvk mlesa ;|fi vanekuh; orZeku mifuosk ds nksk vkSj dkuwuksa dks vekuqk dBksjrk ds i;kZ; ls
Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml n`fV ls gekjk vkanksyu lQy gks x;k Fkk rFkkfi bu xyfr;ksa dks lq/kkjus ds mik;Lo:i ;g mifuosk
can djds] m/kj vktUe dkjkokl ds canh Hkstus dk pyu NksM+dj ogka ds cafn;ksa dks gh fganqLFkkuh dkjkxkj esa okil Hkstus dk tks
fup; izdkfkr gks x;k gS] og gekjs fopkjkuqlkj vik;dkjh gS] u fd mik;dkjhA vr% geus mlds fojks/k esa nsk rFkk ml mifuosk
esa vkokt mBkus dk fup; fd;kA
foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr] Loi{k dk fojks/k

;s vklkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxs fd nqHkkZX;ok gesa bl dk;Z esa iwoZorhZ foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr rFkk iwoZorhZ LoIk{k dk fojks/k lguk gksxk] D;ksafd
vaneku ds Lfkkuh; vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dh bPNk Fkh fd ;g mifuosk u VwVs] de&ls&de ogka ds orZeku gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks bl rjg
vpkud okil Lonsk u Hkstk tk,A mudh bl bPNk dk dkj.k gekjh rjg jkVh; dY;k.k ugha] vfirq ;g Fkk fd ogka ds vksojlh;j
ls ysdj dfeuj rd vaxzst vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vf/kdkj lekIr u gks vFkok ogka mudk tek&tek;k ykHknk;d :rck MkaokaMksy u gksA
ogka krkf/kd yksxksa ij os tks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
438
fuckZ/k kklu pyk jgs gSa] fganqLFkku esa dgha rcknyk gksus ij mudh og lkoZHkkSe lkk ugha jgsxhA ;g lansg vusd dks Fkk fd fganqLFkku
esa mrus gh vf/kdkj rFkk lqfo/kktud LFkku feysaxs Hkh ;k ugha\ vr% lHkh LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh] de&ls&de ogka ds cafn;ksa dks rks
fganqLFkku esa bl rjg vpkud Hkstk u tk,] ;g dgrs gq, ljdkj ij ncko Mkyus yxs vkSj ljdkjh cafn;ksa dks ;FkklaHko izyksHku
nsdj ljdkjh vkKk dk;kZfUor u gks] bldh psVk djus yxsA ge Hkh bl iz;kl esa yx jgs fd ogka ds canh fganqLFkku u tk,a] vr% bl
dk;Z esa ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj gekjk vPNk&[kklk xBca/ku gks x;kA
ijarq bl viwoZ] vuwBs n`; ls ogka ds cafn;ksa esa foy{k.k cqf}&Hksn iSnk gqvkA gekjs tSls gh izpkjdksa us vius jkV ds vkt rd ds
vuqHkoksa ls lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds eu esa ljdkj ds O;ogkj ds izfr vfookl rFkk lansg dk dhM+k Mkyk FkkA ljdkj tks dqN dgsxh mlesa
nky esas dkyk vo; gksxkA ijarq ,d vKkuh] vcks/k euq; ds eu esa ,d ckj fdlh O;fDr ds izfr vfookl mRiUu gks x;k rks Hkys
gh vki ml vKkuh euq; ds ykHk ds fy, dksbZ Hkh ckr djus yxsa] rks Hkh ml vKkuh equ; ds eu esa og dhM+k vo; dqycqyk,xk
fd ^nky esa dqN dkyk vo; gS*A ijarq mldk vKkuh eu og ckr izdV djus dk lkgl ugha dj ldrkA dPpk f[kykM+h fdlh fuiq.k
eYy ls dqrh yM+us ds fy, eSnku esa mrjus ij Hkwy ls Hkh ml eYy dk vkxs c<+k gqvk gkFk idM+us ds drjkrk gSA ;g le>dj
fgpfdpkrk gS fd dgha mls pdek nsus ds fy, rks blus gkFk vkxs ugha c<+k;kA ifj.kker% mlij izfr nkao&isp dk lqugjk volj og
[kks cSBrk gSA Bhd ,slh gh voLFkk dbZ ckj jktuhfrd vkfn O;ogkj esa lk/kkj.k tulewg dh gksrh gSA ogh fLFkfr vaneku ds cafn;ksa
dh gks xbZA tSls&tSls ljdkjh vf/kdkjh muls vaneku esa gh jgus dk vuqjks/k djus yxs] oSl&s oSls os xgjkbZ ls ;gh lkspus yxs fd
fganqLFkku okil ykSVus dks rS;kj gksus esa gh viuk lPpk dY;k.k gSA tks vf/kdkjh geskk mUgsa Qalkrs Fks] ogha vkt muls u tkus dk
vuqjks/k dj jgs gSaA rks fQj ;gh ,d dkj.k muds tkus ds fy, cgqr gSA ij tc eSa Hkh dgus yxk fd ^fganqLFkku esa tkuk Bhd ugha]
;gha ij jgks] ubZ lqfo/kk,a ykHknk;d gSa]* rc os vR;f/kd vlaetl esa iM+ x,A os bl ckr ij vkp;Z ,oa vfookl izdV djus
yxs fd eSa Hkh ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh gka esa gka dSls feyk jgk gwaA bl rjg ije Lusgh lkFkh Hkh] tks vkt rd esjs dgs esa jgrs Fks]
loZFkk fu:ik; gksdj esjs ijkekZ dk fojks/k djus yxs] D;ksafd ljdkjh vkKk ^cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku okil Hkstks* bl okD; dk eeZ mUgkasus
ugha tkuk] tcfd eSaus rqjar tku fy;k FkkA mudh ;g /kkj.kk cu xbZ fd fganqLFkku okil Hkstus dk vFkZ gS
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
439
viuk canhokl lekIr dj nsk esa iSj j[krs gh Lora= iaNh dh rjg fcYdqy eqDr gks tkukA fganqLFkku tkuk Lohdkj djrs gh ljdkj
mUgsa NksM+ nsxh& vktUe dkjkokl dh ;g ekjd Ja[kyk nsk esa ikao j[krs gh >Uu ls fxj tk,xh] bl mM+rh xi ds lkFk gh os gtkjksa
canh ckoys cu x,A os ,d gh kksj epkus yxs] ^ge Losnk esa Hkw[ks ejsaxs] ijarq gesa eqDr djks] fganqLFkku okil Hkst nksA* geus yk[k
dgk] ^rqe tSls gtkjksa vktUe dkjkokl nafMrksa dks bl rjg vpkud fganqLFkku ds rV ij ys tkdj eqDr NksM+us ds fy, ljdkj ixykbZ
ugha gSA D;k ;g jktk Hkkst dk jkt gS\ fganqLFkku ys tkdj Hkh rqEgsa dkjkxkj rFkk dksBfj;ksa esa pkSng cjl iwjs gksus rd can j[kk
tk,xkA ôkil Hkstks* dk ;gh jgL; gSA vr% vaneku esa jgus vFkok Lonsk Hkstus ds bl ljdkjh izLrko dks ojnku le>nkj mudh
nh gqbZ lqfo/kkvksa dks Lohdkj dj vaneku esa gh jgus dh ckr dgksA bu lqfo/kkvksa ds vuqlkj vankeu esa cluk Hkkjrh; dkjkxkjh; okl
ls gtkjksa xquk vf/kd lq[kn ,oa rqEgkjs jkV ds fy, fgrdkjd gSA*
ijarq izFke tksk ds lkFk gh tks gqYYkM+ ep x;k Fkk] mlesa lk/kkj.k canh gh ugha vfirq jktcanh Hkh cg x,&ugha! ge fganqLFkku tk,axs
vkSj tkrs gh NwVdj vktkn iaNh cusaxs] ,sls fnokLoIu ns[kus yxsA muds fnokLoIu ds jkT; esa gekjs kCnksa dks vaxszth izkklu dh rjg
gh ^tCr fd;k x;k* fufk} lkfgR; le>dj mlij ikcanh yxk nh xbZA
yksdfgr esa yksdfiz;rk dk cfynku

ijarq gekjs LoHkko dk xBu gh dqN ,slk Fkk fd tc ge fdlh ckr ls vkoLr gq, fd ;g ckr yksdfgrdkjh gS rks mls dk;kZfUor
djus ds fy, dej dlrs gh&yksxksa }kjk mlds izFke nkZu esa mlds fgrdkjh igyw ij xkSj u dj ldus ds dkj.k&gesa tuekul dh
vfiz;rk dk fkdkj gksuk iM+kA rc viuh ckr lgh djus ds fy, gekjk mRlkg] vkosk tSls fnu nwuk] jkr pkSxquk c<+us yxkA
tuekul dh vfiz;rk dh ygj ftruh cyorh gksrh] mruk gh ml dk;Z esa lQyrk ikus ds iz;klksa dk gekjk vkosk Hkh BkBsa ekjus
yxrk vkSj mlij fu;a=.k ikuk gekjs fy, vlaHko gksrkA vusd vuqHkoksa ls gekjs fpr us ;g xkaB cka/k j[kh Fkh fd ek= okgokgh ;k
yksdfiz;rk ds fy, yksdfgrdkjh dk;Z ;wa gh NksM+uk LokFkZ dk vfr funauh; Lo:Ik gSA ijarq blfy, geus ,slk Hkh dHkh ugha lkspk fd
tc rd yksxksa dks gekjk dguk fgrdkjd izrhr ugha gksrk rc rd muds }kjk gekjk fojks/k djus esa vFkok ge ij tks mudh fuBk
gS] og Mxexkus esa mudk dksbZ vijk/k ugha Fkk] D;ksafd tSls gesa er&Lora=rk gS] mlh rjg lekt ds izR;sd ?kVd dks jkVh; fgrkfgr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
440
ds laca/k esa er&Lora=rk gSA gekjh ;gh /kkj.kk Fkh fd gekjh rjg muesa ls Hkh izR;sd dk drZO; gS fd og mlij O;fDr fujis{k vey
djsA gka] /khjs&/khjs le>kSrs ds lkFk ge fopkj djsaxs] ijarq ek= yksdfiz;rk ds fy, ge dnkfi ml dk;Z dk R;kx djus ds fy, rRij
ugha gksaxsA geus dbZ mnkgj.kksa ls ;g vuqHko fd;k Fkk fd tks yksx cgqtu fgrk; la?kkZ djus esa ,d ckj ?kj] }kj] izk.k rd R;kxus ds
fy, rS;kj gksrs gSa] os viuh yksdfiz;rk dk R;kx djus] mls cfy p<+kus esa rqjr
a fgpfdpkrs gSa vkSj bl dkj.k yksdfgr dk foukk gksrs
Hkh geus ns[kk FkkA vr% ml eksg ls ;FkklaHko vius fpk ij fu;a=.k j[kus dk dbZ ckj iz;kl djds yksdfgrkFkZ LokFkZ ds vU;
izyksHkuksa dh rjg gh tc vko;drk iM+h rks yksdfiz;rk dks Hkh cfy p<+k;k gSA gka] ;g Hkh vlR; ugha fd bl izdkj dk cfynku
lgkZ ugha] vfirq vR;ar dV ds lkFk ek= drZO;Lo:i fn;k tkrk gSA
vanekuh; mifuosk dk lR; Lo:i] mldk ego] mldh okLrfod dfe;ka vkSj muds fuokj.kkFkZ okLrfod mik;&bl lHkh ckrksa dk eeZ
Lonsk ds usrkvksa dks iwjk voxr u gksus ds dkj.k lafo/kku lHkk ds Lonskh; lnL; ls ysdj lekpkj&i=ksa ds ys[kdksa rd LkHkh us
vaneku dks lewy m[kkM+us ds fok; esa rFkk ogka ds gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku ykSVkus ds izLrko ij gkZ iznfkZr fd;k FkkA blls ogka
ds cafn;ksa dh gqYyM+ckth dks dqN vf/kd gh cy izkIr gks x;kA ge dkjkxkj esa can&ogha ls tks izdV, vizdV fojks/k iznfkZr dj ldsa]
mldk ifj.kke ml izpaM gqYyM+ dks jksdus esa vLFkk;h :i esa v{ke gksus yxk] rFkkfi geus MVdj fojks/k djuk vkjaHk fd;kA
vanekuh; canh mifuosk rksM+us dk fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vknsk vkrs gh tks canh vaneku esa Fks] de&ls&de os fganqLFkku esa okil u
ykSVsa] blds fy, ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us cafn;ksa ds euksa dks vaneku esa gh jgus dks rS;kj djus ds fy, ogka ls gekjs fganqLFkku vkus ds
vkxs&ihNs /kM+Yys ls vusd lqfo/kkvksa dh ckSNkj dhA izFke FkksM+h lh lqfo/kk,a lkeus j[khaA ijarq vaneku esa jgus ds fy, tc canh rS;kj
ugha gks jgs Fks] rc vf/kdkjh oxZ ,d ds ihNs ,d lqfo/kk rFkk vkoklu nsus yxkA mu lqfo/kkvksa dh ppkZ djds cafn;ksa ds er
ifjorZukFkZ cafn;ksa dh NksVh&eksVh xksfB;ka vkSj cSBdsa Hkh [kqysvke djus dh mUgsa NwV nh xbZA bu lqfo/kkvksa esa izeq[k Fkh&izFke nl okksZa
eas eqfDr vkSj ikap okksZa eas ifjokj ds lkFk jgus dh vuqefrA buds lkFk tks bl izdkj Lo mikftZr i}fr ls ^fVdV* fudkydj jguk
kq: djsax]s mu cafn;ksa dks igys ls dbZ xquk ek=k esa [ksrh vkSj [ksrh dh vko;d lkexzh ds fy, iwath ukeek= vuqca/k ij nsuk r;
gqvkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
441
;g Kkr gksrs gh fd bl lqfo/kk dk ykHk mBkdj cafn;ksa dks vaneku esa jguk pkfg,&ge bl i{k ds gSa&iwjs canh tx~r esa tks [kycyh
ep xbZ Fkh] mldk ij mYys[k fd;k gh gSA vr% ;g vktekus ds fy, fd gekjh vlyh jk; D;k gS] cafn;ksa us fofHkUu usrkvksa dks
fofHkUu cgkuksa ls gels dkjkxkj esa feyus Hkstus dk mie kq: fd;kA geus lHkh dks bl vkk; dk minsk fn;k&
cafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh yksx Losnk ls loZFkk fu/kZu vkSj fuEu Lrj ds ifjokjksa ls vk, gSaA ;|fi mUgsa vkt gh fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k
vkSj ogka dkjkxkjksa esa lM+krs gq, eqDr fd;k x;k ;g ek= nqjkkk Fkh] D;ksafd gesa fufpr Kkr Fkk fd vaneku ls fganqLFkku tkrs gh
cjh djus dh ljdkj dh vkKk ugha Fkh] vfirq muds pkSng okZ iwjs gksus rd mUgsa fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa can j[kk tkuk FkkA rks
mlls D;k gksxk\ iqu% mUgsa fu/kZurk ds iats esa tdM+s jguk iMs+xkA vius fdlh HkkbZ&can us ;fn gkFk Hkj Hkwfe vFkok >qXxh dk VqdM+k
viuh vuqifLFkfr esa gM+i fy;k] rks bl dkj.kok dksVZ&dpgjh djrs jgsaxs ;k ekj&ihV ij mrjsaxs vkSj ;g Hkh vla Hko gks rks Hkh[k
ekaxrs&ekaxrs Fkddj iqu% pksfj;ka] Mkdktuh djus yxsaxs] nqxZfr dk ;g nqp mudh rFkk jkV dh n`fV ls Hkh fgrdkjh ugha gSA ijarq
;fn yksx vaneku esa izkIr ubZ lqfo/kkvksa ds vuqlkj Bhd ls laxfBr iz;kl djsa vkSj vPNk [ksrh&ckM+h vkfn vkthfodk ds lk/kuksa dks
Lohdkj djds b/kj gh jl&cl tk,a rks os fganqLFkku dks vaneku esa vR;ar vlqfo/kktud tks fnDdr Fkh] og Fkh efgykvksa dk vHkko
vkSj ml dkj.k Lora= ?kj clkus dh vksj :fp dk vHkkoA ijarq ikap okZ esa vkSj vkxs ;fn rhu okksZa ds vanj Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa us oSlk
djus dh vuqefr nh gS] mlls og fnDdr vakr% nwj gks tk,xhA blls iwoZ ogak ds cafn;ksa dks m/kj ds ^Lora=* yksxksa ls fookg rks nwj]
O;ogkj djus dh Hkh vuqefr ugha FkhA ijarq ;gka bldh Hkh lqfo/kk nh xbZ gSA vr% nsk esa rqe yksxksa ds okil tkdj dkjkokl esa lM+rs
jgus ls vFkok Ms<+ fcks dh [ksrh ds fy, HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa ls gkFkkikbZ djrs gq, viuk fgLlk ekaxrs jgus ls vPNk gS fd eqr dh ;g ubZ
Hkwfe yks] mls mitk cukvks] u;k vukt mitkvks] mlls thou clj djksA ;gka ds ^Lora=* yksx fganqLFkku ds iwoZ dky esa vk,
cafn;ksa dh larfr c<+kvksa vkSj lq[kh jgksA nsk esa tkdj blls vf/kd dkSu lk rhj ekjksxs \ nsk esa vkidks bruk Hkh laifk&lq[k rFkk
larfr&lq[k izkIr ugha gksxkA igys rks rqEgsa tkfr&fcjknjh esa fy;s tkus ds gh ykys
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
442
iMsa+xsA fQth vkfn LFkkuksa ls vk, gq, Hkkjrh; rks >qa>ykdj iqu% mlh fonsk esa pys tkrs gSa] rks fQj rqEgkjk D;k&rqe rks Bgjs canhoku]
nafMrA vr% blls iwoZ tks chl okksaZ esa eqfDr feyrh Fkh] og nl okksZa esa izkIr djds vkSj os nl okZ Hkh dkjkokl esa u jgdj rhu
okksZa esa gh ifjokj ds lkFk vFkok oSls gh ^Lora=rk* dk fVdV fudkydj ljdkjh [ksrh ysdj mnj&iksk.k djksA le> yks] viuk HkkX;
vktekus fonsk vk, gksA
O;fDrk% canhoku ds nq%[k bl rjg Vkys tk ldrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] vfirq ;fn bl ubZ fLFkfr dk ykHk mBkvksxs rks dukMk tSlk&dsi
dkWyksuh tSlk ,d NksVk lk mifuosk rqe vkSj rqEgkjh larfr feydj fuekZ.k dj ldksxs vkSj viuh fiz; ekr~Hkwfe dks ,d NksVk lk u;k
lkaLd`frd jkT; iznku dj ldksxs] D;ksafd vaneku esa ;fn rqe clksxs rks ;gka fganw laLd`fr dh /otk ygjkrh jgsxhA
;gha fudksckj dks ns[kksA og Hkh blh rjg Hkkjr dk ,d }hi gSA ijarq fganqvksa us mls ugha clk;k rks eyk;h vkSj cehZ yksxksa us clk;kA
og }hi fganw laLd`fr ls lnk ds fy, oafpr jg x;k gSA ;gh voLFkk vaneku dh gksxhA Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa dk mifuosk VwVrs gh m/kj
czh vFkok eyk;h yksx clsaxsA m/kj vius cht rFkk /keZ dh rhu ihf<+;kas ls ifjof/kZr larfr uV gksxh] rhu ihf<+;ksa ds jDrcht dk
vkjksi.k /oLr gksxk] ifjJe dh iwath vdkjFk tk,xhA fganw laLd`fr ls oafpr jgus ij ek= jktuhfrd ca/kuksa ls og }hi vxj Hkkjr
ls tqMk+ jgk rks Hkh eu ls og geskk phu] eyk;k vkfn eaxksfy;u laLd`fr dh vksj gh vkdfkZr gksrk jgsxkA
vxzxkeh cuks
jktuhfrd ego vkidks fofnr gh gSA ;s }hi Hkkoh Hkkjr ds gokbZ rFkk lkeqfnzd Fkkus gksaxsA ;gka fganw larku clsxh rks kjhj ls gh
ugha] vkRek ls Hkh og rqels fpiddj jgsxhA Hkkjr fla/kq }kj ij lLusgh igjk nsaxsA
bruk egoiw.kZ HkkX; fuekZ.k vkt rqe tSls ?k`f.kr] ifrr] nafMr vkSj blhfy, jn~nh] dwM+k&djdV dgyk, x, yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa vk;k
gSA viuk thou lQy gksus dk ;g volj [kks er nsukA blds fy, rqe yksxksa esa tks nl&ikap yksx Lonsk tkus ij egku~ lEeku
vFkok laiUUkrk izkIr djus ;ksX; gSa] os Hkh rqe lHkh dk usr`Ro djrs gq, rqels ,d uwru fganw mifuosk clkus] ekr`Hkwfe dks ,d NksVk
lk u;k lkaLd`frd jkT; laiknu djus ds bl dk;Z dks laiUu djus ds fy, dgrs gq, Hkkjr dh lkoZHkkSe lkk esa okil u tkrs gq, cjh
gksus ds Ikpkr~ vaneku esa gh jgsaA ,d laiw.kZ thou dks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
443
lQyrk izkIr djus ds fy, ;g /;s; Ik;kZIr gSA izR;sd LFky ij blh rjg ds dqN izpkjd vxzxkeh rFkk iqjksxkeh O;fDr dqaMyh ekjdj
cSBus vkSj ogha ifjJe djrs&djrs ejus ds fy, vko;d gksrs gSaA fQj fganqLFkku ds fy, vaneku thruso kys vxzxkeh rqEgha D;ksa ugha
curs\
blh vkk; ds bUgha okD;ksa dk ckj&ckj mPpkj.k djus ls var esa cafn;ksa esa ls mu yksxksa ds eu] tks vkt rd gekjh laLFkk dks lg;ksx
nsrs jgs] iqu% gekjh vksj izo`k gksus yxsA fganqLFkku okil tkus dk vFkZ iw.kZ eqfDr ugha cfYd vaneku ls vf/kd dkjkoklh; dSaph esa can
gksuk gS&bl lR; ij os fopkj djus yxsA muesa ls db;ksa ds eu esa esjh kCn&psruk ls muds jkVh; drZO; ds laca/k esa mPp Hkko
mfnr gks x,A
rFkkfi esjs fy, ;g bV gh Fkk fd ljdkj dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lqfo/kk nsus ds fy, ck/; djus ds fy, canhoku êu&eu Hkkos ewaM
fgykos* dk fn[kkok djsa vkSj ;g dgsa fd vewd lqfo/kk nsus ls ;gka jgsax]s vU;Fkk gesa Hkst nksA blds vuqlkj cafn;ksa dh lHkk,a gksus
yxhA ljdkj ml iz;ksx rd lHkk dh Lora=rk nsus yxhA bl ljdkjh fu;a=.k dh f<ykbZ dk ykHk mBkdj mu lHkkvksa esa laxBu dh]
jktuhfrd izpkj ds O;k[;kuksa dh rFkk ppkZ dh ckr cukuk Hkh geus vkjaHk fd;kA
ml le; vU; yksxksa ds fy, mnkgj.kLo:i eSaus Lo;a ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= Hkstk fd ;fn fganqLFkku esa Hkstrs gh eq>s eqDr ugha fd;k
tk,xk rks tc rd esjk naM lekIr ugha gksrk] eSa vaneku esa gh jguk pkgrk gwaA gka] esjs nl okZ iwjs gksus ij eq>s lifjokj vFkok
Lora= fVdV ij }hi esa jgus dh vuqefr nh tk,A dkjkxkj esa j[kuk gks rks vaneku esa gh j[kk tk,A
blls iwoZ eSaus kkjhfjd LokLF; vkSj fiNys vusd Hkkxksa esa of.kZr lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, jktcafn;ksa dks fganqLFkkuh dkjkxkj eas Hkstus ds fy,
vkosnu&i= Hksts FksA ijarq vc ;g tkudj fd ubZ lqfo/kk ds vuqlkj vaneku esa lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dk O;fDrxr ykHk gksus dh rFkk jkVh;
n`fV ls ,d fganw mifuosk dks VwVus ls cpkus dk volj rFkk vko;drk vkbZ gS] eSaus Lo;a fup; fd;k fd tc rd eSa Lo;a canh gwa]
vaneku esa gh jgdj ogka ds canh mifuosk ds fgr lk/ku dk dk;Z djuk gh viuk ,dek= mn~ns; le>waA esjs mnkgj.k ls vU; cafn;ksa
dks Hkh ogka jgus dh izsj.kk feyrh xbZA
;g ns[kdj fd vaneku dk mifuosk fLFkj j[kus ds fy, eSaus dej dlh gS] ogka ds ^Lora=* yksx esjk midkj ekuus yxsA os cspkjs
eqV~Bh Hkj yksx! mudh [ksrh&ckM+h dqN Hkh ughaA mudh mithfodk canh mifuosk ij fuHkZjA ;fn lHkh cafn;ksa dks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
444
fganqLFkku esa Hkst fn;k tkrk] og mifuosk mB tkrk rks mudh dSlh xr curh\ mudh Hkwfe fok;d] mlij fy;s tkusokys yxku
fok;d] ljdkjh i}fr fok;d ftlesa tc pkgs rc yxku olwy fd;k tkrk] bl rjg mudh vusd ihM+k,a nwj djus ds fy, muds
vkosnu&i= tk,a vkSj os Hkh vkanksyu djsa& blds fy, iz;kl gksus yxsA canh fuR; ;gh dgrs fd ^Lora= gksdj Hkh D;k djuk gS \* var%
;g fl} djus ds fy, fd Lora= gksus esa Hkh ykHk gS&ljdkj dks ^Lora=ksa* dh dqN O;oLFkk djuk vko;d Fkk vkSj mldk iwjk ykHk
mBkus ds fy, vkanksyu vko;d FkkA muds dqN usrkvksa ls esjh vizR;{k HksaV gksrh] muds vkosnu&i=ksa dk fufj{k.k djds eSa mUgsa lq/kkj
nsrkA
vfgalk dh ekaxfyd >a>k

ml okZ jktuhfr dk izeq[k fok; ^f[kykQr* vkSj ^vlg;ksx* FkkA viuh lHkkvksa] ppkZvksa esa ge bu nksuksa ckrksa dk fojks/k djrsA
^fganqLFkku* esa yksdekU; fryd dk LoxZokl gksrs gh f[kykQr vkSj vlg;ksx vkanksyu us tksj idM+kA ,d iqjkru /kkj.kk gS fd fdlh
vlk/kkj.k iq:k dh e`R;q gksrs gh og vk?kkr izd`fr ds fy, vlguh; gks tkrk gS] izpaM ekaxfyd >a>k] vka/kh rFkk lalkj esa vusd
laked jksx mRiUu gks tkrs gSaA yksdekU; tSls /kqja/kj ds vn`; gksrs gh f[kykQr dk ;g vR;ar vkRe?kkrh vkanksyu vkSj bl ,d okZ
eas pj[kk ?kqekdj vkSj vfgalk dh rFkk lR; dh vR;ar myVh&lh/kh O;k[;k ij mHkj gqvk rstksghu rFkk rstksfoukkd vlg;ksx }kjk
LojkT; izkIr djus dh bPNk djusokyk vkReoapd mUekn] blh rjg dh ,d ekaxfyd] vkqHk >a>k py jgh gSA ;g cqf} Hkze dk ,d
jksx] ,d laked jksx dk vkjaHk gks x;k gSA
igys ls gh geus f[kykQr vkanksyu dk&og ftl fl}kar ij mHkkjk x;k Fkk] mlds jkV fo?kkrd xfHkZrkFkZ gksus dk dM+k fojks/k fd;kA
^;g f[kykQr ugha] vkQr gS*&;g okD; vaneku ds ?kj&}kj rd xjtrk jgkA ^;g f[kykQr ugha] vkQr gS*&;g okD; vaneku ds
?kj&}kj rd xjtrk jgkA vfgalk dh og O;k[;k! lR; dh og O;k[;k! ml le; fuR; ?kfVr gksrh ?kVukvksa dks LiV djrs gq, vkSj
lSdM+ksa yksxksa dk fojks/k lgrs var esa izk;% lHkh dks mldk [kks[kyk kCnPNy vkSj jkV&fo?kkrh vO;kogkfjdrk geus cM+h dfBukbZ ls
le>kbZA
ml le; ij of.kZr erksa dh lR;rk fok;d gesa dbZ vkp;Ztud lk{; feys] dbZ laLej.kh; ?kVuk,a ?kVhA muesa ls mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d
?kVuk izLrqr djrk gwa&
Jh a a a a a;s nksuksa jktcanh vktUe dkysikuh dk naM Hkqxrus ;gka vk, FksA muij iatkc ds naxs ds okjaV FksA os ykirk gks x, FksA yxHkx
Ng eghus os nsk esa gh dk;Z
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
445
djrs gq, ?kwe jgs Fks] ijarq mudk fBdkuk fdlh dks ugha feykA muds vuqlkj os ckck xq:nkflag dh rjg cjlksa rd Hkwfexr jgdj
ljdkjh dkuwuksa dks vuns[kk djds dk;Z dj ldrs FksA ijarq brus esa mUgksaus vlg;ksx ,oa dkuwu Hkax ds ,d izeq[k usrk ls vR;ar
fookl ds lkFk HksaV djrs gq, viuh iwjh jkedgkuh lqukbZA ml usrk us QuQukrs gq, dgk] ^^HkbZ] fdruh Hkh:rk! ljdkjh okjaV ls
?kcjkdj Hkkxrs jgs gks! bl izdkj dk vlR; vkpj.k EkSa ugha lg ldrkA tkvks vkSj rqjar eftLVsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gks tkvksA**
geus dgk] ^^ml rjg dkuwu ds vuqlkj pyuk Hkh rks lgdkfjrk gh gSA ge rks vHkh dkuwu dks cyghu dj jgs gSaA ;gh okLro esa
dkuwu Hkax gSA vFkkZr~ okLrfod vlg;ksx gSA ge ;g dk;Z dj gh jgs gSa] vr% ge Mjdj Hkkx jgs gSa] ;g dguk fuewZy gSA vki tks
dg jgs gSa] oSlk djuk dkuwu Hkax ugha gS] og rks dkuwu dk ikyu gksxkA ljdkjh mn~ns; dh iwfrZ djuk rks lgdkfjrk gSA** mUgksau s
ugha&ugha dgrs gq, eftLVsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gksus dk vknsk fn;kA os nksuksa viuk fdjk;k [kpZ djds iqu% mkj dh vksj x, vkSj
ml eftLVsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gks x,A mUgsa idM+k x;k vkSj kafrdkjh fonzksg ds vijk/k esa ;Fkkfof/k vkthou dkykikuh dk naM fn;k
x;kA
ijarq tc os viuh bl Hkwy ij Ikpkkki ls mQurs gq, ml usrk dh fuank djus yxs rc eSaus dgk] ^^HkbZ] fuank gh djuh gS rks vdsys
ml minskd dh gh ugha dh tk ldrh] mUgksaus yk[k dgk] ijarq vius lquk gh D;ksa \ mUgksaus cqf} Hksn fd;k] ijarq vkius djus D;ksa
fn;k\**
izfrlgdkj
rRdkyhu lkjh ckrsa u nsrs gq, Hkh esjs rRdkyhu fopkjksa rFkk izpkj dk fudkZ vkSj ,d&nks okD;ksa esa nkkZ;k tk ldrk gSA esjk dguk
Fkk&
ge kafrdkjh izFker% bl ro ij xkSj djsa fd okLrfod jktuhfr lgdkjh Hkh ugha gksrh vkSj vlgdkjh Hkh ugha] og izfr&lgdkjh
gksrh gSA uhfr dh n`fV ls Hkh og oSlh gh gksuh pkfg,A ;fn lg;ksx }kjk leL;k dk gy gksrk gS rks foi{k ls vo; lg;ksx djsaA
;fn lg;ksx ugha gS rks vlg;ksxA og dHkh fu%kL= Lo:Ik /kkj.k djrk gS rks dHkh lkL=( vkSj og fu%kL= fojks/k Hkh vLFkk;h gh
gksuk pkfg,A vlg;ksx dksbZ fl}kar ugha] og ,d rkRdkfyd mik; gSA okLrfod /;s; ;gh gS fd euq; ek= lg;ksx djs vkSj og
lg;ksx ijLij fgr ds vuqdwy gks& ,slk djsa vFkok djus ds fy, ck/; djsa] rHkh ,slk gksxkA vr% mls izfrlg;ksx vFkok izfr;ksx
dgk tkrk gSA*
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
446
vlg;ksx vkanksyu esa eqYyk dh nkSM+ fdl efLtn rd gksxh vkSj f[kykQr ds ifj.kkeLo:i eqlyekuksa dh jkVfo?kkrd /kekZa/krk fdrus
Hk;adj :i esa HkM+d mBsxh]87 ;g Hkfo;ok.kh eSaus ckj&ckj vius lHkh lg;ksxh] lgHkkxh jktcafn;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa esa dh FkhA
87
blh eqlyeku /kekZa/krk us var esa Hkkjr dk foHkktu fd;kA mlls Hkh larqV u gksdj ikfdLrku vkt Hkh Hkkjr ls yM+ jgk gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
447
izdj.k&11
vaneku ds vafre fnu

blh nkSjku ,d fnu esjs vuqt eq>ls feyus vk x,A 88 esjh eqfDr dh jkh Hkj Hkh vkkk ugha FkhA esjs T;sB ca/kq dk LokLF;
fnu&c&fnu fxjrk tk jgk FkkA ,slh voLFkk esa bl rjg HksaV gksrs gh fpk esa izFke fopkj ;gh mHkjrk fd dgha ;g vafre HksaV rks
ugha\ vkSj ,d okZ Ikpkr~ HksaV ds fy, tc iqu% vuqefr feysxh a a arc rd a a,d okZ chrsxkA dkjkxkj esa ,fM+;k jxM+&jxM+dj f?klh
gqbZ nsg dks ,d&,d fnu pykuk nwHkj gks x;k FkkA vr% ca/kq dks lkgl cVksjdj LiV gh dgk] ^^cky] lR; pkgs fdruk Hkh fuBqj]
fueksZgh D;ksa u gks] ml lR; dk lkeuk djus ds fy, gkFk&ikao Qwyus tSlk rqEgkjk /kS;Z nqcZy ugha gS&;g fufpr Kkr gksus ds dkj.k
rqels ;FkkFkZ dks fNikus dk dksbZ dkj.k eq>s ugha fn[krkA myVs /khjs&/khjs rFk tkurs&le>rs vk jgs nq%[k dk vk?kkr vpkud VwVs
nq%[k&la?kkZ ds igkM+ dh vis{kk vf/kd lql gksrk gSA vr% eSa dg jgk gwa fd vc rqe nksuksa ds thou dk vafre lekpkj lquus&dgus
ds fy, rS;kj jgksA vc vf/kd fnu fuckg gksxk] ,slk fn[krk ugha gS] rFkkfi ;g er Hkwyks fd dHkh vlaHkouh; ?kVuk,a Hkh ?kVrh gSaA
kk;n blesa ls th thfor fudysaxsA ijarq vc og laHkkouk loZFkk fHkUu gSA izk;% ;g gekjh vafre HksaV gh gksxhA**
,d&,d kCn n; dks /kDds ns jgk FkkA vFkkZr~ cky dh eqnzk vpkud L;kg iM+ xbZA ijarq og Hkh ns[k jgk Fkk fd ;s fuBqj kCn ek=
lR; dh xwat gSa] ,rnFkZ geus foosd ls dg fn;k] mlus lqu fy;kA
geus nl okZ iwjs djds ^fVdV* ds fy, vkosnu fd;k FkkA bldk mkj vk x;k fd ^rqEgsa vkSj T;sB ca/kq dks dkjkxkj esa gh fVdV
fn;k gSA* fVdV dk vFkZ gh Fkk fd og O;fDr dqN Lora= O;olk; dj lds vkSj mifuosk esa viuk ?kj clkdj iRuh&cPpksa ds lkFk
jg ldsA ogha fVdV tks vU; yksxksa dks rhu okksaZ esa nsus dk
88
Rkjh[k 11 ls14 uoacj] 1920
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
448
vknsk vk x;k Fkk] gesa nl okksaZ esa fey x;kA dgka \ dkjkxkj esaA vFkkZr~ dkjkx`g ls gesa ckgj ugha NksM+k x;k] Lora= mifuosk rFkk
?kj dk rks uke gh ugha( vkSj fVdV fey x;k A ;g fujh foMacuk Fkh] lEeku Fkk] tys ij ued fNM+dk x;k FkkA vaneku ds dkuwuksa
dk] ogka ds cafn;ksa dks ykHk fey lds] blds fy, O;; fd, gq, izR;sd kCn dk ge ewfrZear viokn FksA
bl izdkj pkjksa vksj ls ne ?kqVus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh gekjk rFkk vU; jktcafn;ksa dk thou vl gks tkrkA vr% mUgsa vkSj vius
vkidks ,d vFkZghu vkRe?kkr ls cpkus ds fy, geus vius jktcafn;ksa esa ls vR;ar vkReh; ,oa lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk fu.kkZ;d :i esa
Hk;adj kM~;a= jpkA mlesa jktcanh ds vfrfjDr lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN yksxksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k FkkA tc loZFkk ,sl k izrhr
gks fd vc jktcafn;ksa esa ls veqd&veqd O;fDr;ksa dh eqfDr dh vkkk ksk ugha jgh] os lc canh ftUgsa u NksM+us ds fy, pquk x;k gS]
,d lkFk a a a
,d fnol tSls&rSls dV esa chrk vkSj lka;dkyhu ?kaVk ctk fd ,slk izrhr gksrk&pyks NwVsA vc dsoy funzkuan! izxk<+ lq[kA nq%[k dk
,d fnol lekIrA eqfDr ,d fnu fudV vk xbZA ijarq rqjar izrhr gksrk&th gka] eqfDr ,d fnu lehi vk xbZ vkSj e`R;q Hkh A tks fnu
lekIr gksrk] og tSls naM ls de gksrk] oSls gh thou dh lkef;d if=dk ls Hkh de gks tkrkA
,sls gh ,d fnu lk;adkyhu ?kaVk lqudj geus rsy&xksnke dks rkyk Bksadk] pkHkh cM+s teknkj ds gkFkksa lkSaidj ge dksBjh esa can gksus
py iM+s] D;ksafd ^fVdV* feyus ij Hkh gesa tSls fnu esa dkjkx`g ds Hkhrj jguk Fkk] oSls gh jkr esa fdlh fcuk fVdV canh dh rjg
dksBjh esa can gksdj ,dkar rFkk va/ksjs esa iM+s jguk gksrk FkkA ge pkHkh nsdj okil ykSVs] brus esa ckgj ls ykSVs okWMZj us esjs gkFk esa
xqipqi ,d fpV~Bh FkekbZ vkSj izQqfYYkr gksdj ^vPNk lekpkj gS* dgrs gq, >V ls f[kld x;kA geus fpV~Bh [kksydj ns[khA mlesa ;g
lekpkj Fkk fd vkt dfeuj ds iz/kku dk;kZy; esa fganqLFkku ljdkj dk ;g vknsk izkIr gqvk fd lkojdkj ca/kqvksa dks fganqLFkku okil
Hkstks] cacbZ ljdkj us mUgsa okil cqyk;k gSA
blls iwoZ bl rjg ds lekpkj ipkl ckj vk, vkSj x,] ijarq ge oSls gh vaneku esa iM+s jgsA ,sls lekpkj ij gekjk drbZ fookl
ugha jg x;k FkkA ;g gekjs fe= dk Kkr Fkk] vr% mlus fpV~Bh esa fy[kk Fkk&^;g lekpkj fufpr gS] vknsk izR;{k ns[kk gSA*
gksxk! vcdh ckj ;g lekpkj lR; Hkh gks ldrk Fkk] D;ksafd tgka cafn;ksa dks rhu okksZa ds vanj choh&cPps ykus dh vuqefr feyus
yxh] ogka gesa nl okksZa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
449
ckn Hkh ^dkjkx`g esa fVdV* ds foy{k.k ,oa vlaHkkO; cgkus ls nh?kZdky rd Bwals j[kus d fuyZTtrk cgqr fnu rd fVdusokyh ugha
FkhA ;k rks iw.kZ Lora=rkiwoZd fopj.k djus fn;k tk, vFkok rRdkyhu cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku okil Hkstus dh ubZ xi dk ykHk mBkdj
fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkjksa esa iqu% lM+us fn;k tk,&;gh nks vFkZ fudyrs FksA muesa vFkkZr~ vaneku esa gesa eqDr j[kus ls fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g
esa can j[kus dk ekxZ gh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, T;knk mi;qDr FkkA igys tks pht gesa ekaxdj Hkh ugha feyh] ogh vc mUgksaus Lo;a gekjh
>ksyh esa Mky nh] D;ksafd mlh dkj.k nl okksZa ckn Hkh gesa dkjkx`g dh pkjnhokjh esa can j[kuk muds fy, laHko gksusokyk Fkk vkSj og
Hkh n;k ds uke ij] D;ksafd fganqLFkku ds yksxksa ds fy, fd gesa fganqLFkku esa okil yk;k x;k gS&nwljk igyw vKkr gksus ds dkj.k n;k
gh yxrh FkhA
bl rjg ds fopkj jkr Hkj eu esa eaMjkrs jgs FksA izkr%dky dkjkx`g ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh gesa cqykdj crk;k] ^^vki iqLrdsa vkfn
lkeku cka/kdj jf[k,A** rc ;g fufpr :i esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxk fd vc gesa fganqLFkku Hkstk tk,xkA
ijarq fganqLFkku Hkstk tk,xk fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g esa can djus
esa lekpkj QSy x;k&^lkojdj cjh gksaxsA* turk us gekjh
le>dj LiV dguk vkjaHk fd;k] ^ûgha&ugha! ckcwth] vc
vo; eqDr fd;k tk,xkA** viuh dkeuk dk gh mldh iwfrZ
ds fy,&mlesa fNis bl jgL; dh vksj /;ku u tkus ds dkj.k iwjs vaneku

eqfDr fok;d viuh mRdV rFkk vkLFkkiw.kZ bPNk dks gh okLrfod ?kVuk
vkidks lyk[kksa ds ihNs dkSu j[k ldrk gS \ fganqLFkku igqaprs gh vkidks
le>dj mu Lusfgy yksxksa us ge ij vfHkuanu dh okkZ dhA
ijarq gesa eu&gh&eu mf}Xurk dpksVus yxhA vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa de&ls&de ,d lq[k Fkk fd vius T;sB ca/kq ds lkFk ge jg rks
ldrs FksA vc fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa izk;% nksuksa dk vyx djds fHkUu izkarksa esa Hkstk tk,xkA nwljh ckr ;g fd vaneku esa ftuds
laidZ esa iwjs nl okZ O;rhr fd, Fks] mu mifuoskh; yksxksa esa gekjs vusd varjax Lusgh cu pqds FksA ^fVdV* fey tksus ls muesa Lora =
:i esa lifjokj jgus dk volj yxHkx fudV vk gh jgk Fkk fd iqu% Hkkjrh; canhx`g esa vius vkidksa can dj nsuk iM+ jgk gSA bu
vanekuh bV fe=ksa ls fo;ksx a a tSls iwoZor~ vaneku tkrs le; gekjs Hkkjrh; bV fe=ksa dks vktUe dkjkokl dk nq%[k O;fFkr dj jgk
FkkA a a Bhd mlh rjg vc ,slh voLFkk esa vaneku ls okil fganqLFkku ykSVrs le; bu bV fe=ksa dks fcNksg dk nq%[k O;fFkr djus
yxkA gesa Hkh ,slk yxus yxk fd ;g vktUe dkjkokl dk nwljk naM gh gSA
geus viuh iqLrdsa lesVhA muesa ls cgqr lkjh iqLrdsa ogka ds xzaFkky; dks ns
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
450
nhA cgqr lkjh ogka ds cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= tuksa esa ckaVhA vafre fnu ckgj ds yksx fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls feyus vkrs jgs FksA gj iy
eu esa ;gh Hk; lek;k Fkk fd bl HkhM+&HkM+Dds dk lR;kFkZ le>dj ;fn vf/kdkjh bDds&nqDds dks idM+ ysa rks esjs fy, ml cspkjs ds
isV ij yki ekjh tk,xhA ijarq ml fnu yxHkx dksbZ fdlh ls ugha iwN jgk FkkA ml fnu ds fy, lkjs cafn;ksa us vf/kdkfj;ksa dk Hk;
yxHkx rkd ij j[k fn;k FkkA vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh dksbZ foksk /;ku ugha fn;kA ftUgsa izR;{k feyuk vlaHko Fkk] mUgksaus Hkh gekjs euk
djus ds ckotqn migkjLo:i Qy&Qwy] feBkbZ] lksMs dh cksrysa] fcLdqV ds fMCcs vkfn oLrq,a dkjkx`g ds }kj rd igqapkus dk mie
fd;kA fdrus nhu&fu/kZu Fks os ,dk/k dsyk] rjcwt] ,dk/k Qwy Hkh dkjkx`g ds }kj ij j[k tkrsA nksigj esa eSa pqids ls }kj rd x;k
rks mu bdV~Bs gq, fMCcksa] Qyksa rFkk vU; is;kfn cksryksa&oLrqvksa dk m/kj gh ckaV fn;kA ftl fdlh us esjh ,d ugha lquh rks mldh
dqN oLrq,a vius ikl j[k yhA blds Ikpkr~ tks ,d&nks gksugkj fe= kkafr ls feyus vk,] muesa ls ,d dks ogka dh LkLaFkk dh kiFk
fnykbZ&
^^,d nso ,d nsk ,d vkkkA
,d tkfr ,d tho ,d HkkkkAA**
fQj ogka ds bl izpfyr ea= dk vFkZ mls le>k;kA crk;k fd bl ,d vkkk dh iwfrZ ds fy, bl rjg ^,d tho* cus fganw ek= dks
izlaxok izk.kkiZ.k ds lkFk D;k djuk pkfg,A jhfr ds vuqlkj mUgsa ;g crk;k fd bl /;s; dh flf} ds fy, tc rd bl rjg egku~
LokFkZ R;kx djus dh kfDr ugha vkrh vkSj blfy, fd og vk tk,] l|%fLFkfr esa lacaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds vaneku esa D;k&D;k drZO; gSa A
brus esa izgjh us lwfpr fd;k] ^^lkgc vk jgk gSA flikfg;ksa dk og ny Hkh vk jgk gS tks vkidks ys tk,xkA**
ge mB [kM+s gq,A eu dks ,d rjg ds ifo= larksk dk vuqHko gks jgk Fkk fd vaneku ds bl nl okhZ; dkjkxkj esa vius vkidks
vkkk dh dcz eas nQukdj jgrs gq, vkt nl&ckjg okksZa ds Ikpkr~ Hkh gekjk vafre d`R; Bhd ogh Fkk] ftls dgus dk vfl/kkjk ozr
geus X;kjg okZ dh vk;q esa Lohdkjk FkkA Hkkjrh; ;qod dks tks nh{kk nsus bl dkjkx`g ds Hkhrj ix j[kuk iM+k] mlh dkjkx`g ds ckgj
vkt nl okksaZ ckn ix j[krs le; Hkh mlh Hkkjrh; ;qod dks ogh nh{kk nsrs gq, dgk&
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
451
^^,d nso ,d nsk ,d vkkkA

,d tkfr ,d tho ,d HkkkkAA**
gesa rFkk gekjs ca/kq dks }kj ds ikl [kM+k fd;k x;kA cafniky us gesa mu flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa lqiqnZ fd;k tks geas fganqLFkku ds tkus ds
fy, vk, FksA ^csfM+;ksa dh vko;drk ugha*&bl rjg ml mnkjpfjr canhiky ds dgus ls gesa oSls gh vkxs c<+k;k x;k vkSj vkf[kj
gekjs fy, vaneku ds ml Hk;adj canhx`g dk }kj [kqy x;kA
lu~ 1909 eas og }kj ,d ckj blh rjg [kqyk vkSj gekjs HkkbZ lkgc dks Hkhrj ysdj can gks x;kA lu~ 1911 esa og fodjky tcM+k
iqu% [kqyk vkSj gesa xVddj can gks x;kA rc fdlh dks Hkh ;g fufpr ugha Fkk fd ge iqu% blls thfor ckgj fudy ldsaxsA dkjkx`g
dk og njoktk] tks lu~ 1911 eas can gks x;k Fkk] vkt lu~ 1912 esa iqu% pjejk;kA mldk og eq[k iqu% [kqy x;k89 vkSj ge nksuksa
ca/kq thfor :i esa mlesa ls ckgj fudy vk,A
ml }kj dh yksgs dh nsgjh ikj djrs gh gesa LiV vllkl gqvk fd ge thfor :Ik esa vaneku ls cjh gks jgs gSaA eSaus ckck ls dgk]
^^ckck] ;g bruh lh nsgjh thou&ej.k dh lhek&js[kk gSA ej.k dh lhek ls thou dh lhek es a geus bldk mYya?ku fd;kA ckfyr
Hkj dh bl nsgjh dks ikj djds geus iqu% ,d ckj thou dh lhek esa ix j[kk gSA vc nsf[k, vkxs&vkxs gksrk gS D;k\**
ikcanh rksM=dj canh us igukbZ paik dh ekyk

gesa fonk djus ds fy, vk, vkSj nwj jgusokys mu yksxksa dh] ftUgksaus gesa dkjkxkj esa ugha ns[kk Fkk] ckgj HkhM+ yxus dh laHkkouk FkhA
vf/kdkjh blds fo:} Fks] blfy, dM+k cankscLr j[kk tkuk LokHkkfod FkkA cafn;ksa dks txg&txg vius&vius dkeksa esa my>kdj j[kk
x;k FkkA flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa ge lkxj dh vksj vHkh pys gh Fks fd brus esa ,d canh vf/kdkjh] tks teknkjh ds dk;Z ij Fkk vkSj
vHkh pys gh Fks fd brus esa ,d canh vf/kdkjh] tks teknkjh ds igjs ds dk;Z ij Fkk vkSj ftls FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa ^fVdV* ij eq fDr dk
vf/kdkj feyus dh laHkkouk Fkh&vpkud vkxs c<+k vkSj flikfg;ksa dh fpark u dj lHkh cafn;ksa dh vksj ls paik ds Qwyksa dh ,d
egdrh ekyk gekjs xys esa Mky nhA igjs ds flikgh kksj epk gh jgs Fks fd og gekjs pj.kksa ij viuk eLrd j[kdj t;&t;dkj
djrk pyk Hkh x;kA bl izdkj fu;e fo:} d`R;; ls mldh teknkjh Nhuj tk ldrh Fkh vkSj mls naM Hkh fey
89
4 tqykbZ] 1911 dks ohj lkojdj dks vaneku ds dkjkxkj ds Bwalk x;k FkkA 2 ebZ] 1921 dks lkojdj ca/kqvksa dks Hkkjr ykus ds
fy, egkjktk ukSdk ij lokj fd;k x;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
452
ldrk Fkk] ijarq mlus mldh fpark ugha dhA

rRdkyhu n`; vkt Hkh gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus LiV fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS&,d vksj og teknkj canh] tks J}k ls lHkh cafn;ksa dh vksj ls
lkekU; lh paik dh og ekyk xys esa iguk jgk gS vkSj nwljh vksj ml lkjs xM+cM+>kys ls Hk;Hkhr flikfg;ksa dk vf/kdjh gekjh
[khapkrkuh djrs gq, gkFk esa gFkdfM+;ka Mkyus dk iz;kl dj jgk gSA tuekul esa ;FkklaHko gekjh Le`fr Hkh ksk u jgs] gekjs Nk;fp=]
iqLrdsa] gekjh Le`fr;ka ?kj esa rFkk lekt esa tru ls j[kus dk lkgl yksx u djsa] blds fy, bl rjg ds d`R;ksa dks ftl ljdkj us
chl okksZa ls fujarj vijk/k tSlk naMuh; ?kksfkr dj j[kk Fkk] ml ljdkj dk og [khapkrkuh dj gFkdM+h igukus dk iz;kl djrk
ljdkkjh vf/kdkjh] ,d izrhd ek= Fkk vkSj og canh vf/kdkjh] ftlus gekjs xys esa paik ds Qwyksa dh ekyk igukbZ Fkh] gekjs mu
nskcka/koksa dk] tks gekjh Le`fr;ksa dk HkfDriwoZd lap; dj jgs gSa] vkthou izkIr isze ixs vknj dk nwljk izrhd FkkA ftu nks kfDr;ksa
ds ijLij fo:} vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa ls Hkjk ;g gekjk thou] tks vkjaHk ls gh ,d lejHkwfe cu x;k gS] mldk ;g n`; ,d yk{kf.kd
js[kkfp= gh FkkA ckck dks ;g fopkj lquk, fcuk gels jgk ugha x;kA
,slk izrhr gqvk ekuks gekjs Je dk ifjgkj gks x;kA paik ds oU;&iqiksa dh og ekyk gesa jRuekyk ls Hkh vf/kd fiz; izrhr gks jgh
FkhA mlds xys esa iM+rs gh mBk lqnwj rkfy;ksa dk nck&nck lk ?kksk bl ckr dk |ksrd Fkk fd mlesa fdruh Lusfgy d`rKrk xqaFkh gqbZ
gSA paid iqiksa dh og lk/kkj.k lh ekyk tuekul esa esjs fy, vizhfr ,oa Hk; iSnk djus ds ljdkjh iz;klksa dk ,d v[kaMuh; mkj
FkkA
ukSdk;ku ij lokj djkus ls iwoZ FkksMk+ le; gesa ogka ds dqN izeq[k lgdkfj;ksa ls pqipki ckr djus dk volj fey x;kA muds }kjk
geus lHkh cafn;ksa dks ;g lans k&Hkstk&^vaneku esa gh jgks] [ksrh&ckM+h djks] vkil esa fookg djds larku o`f} djks vkSj bl mifuosk esa
fganw laLd`fr ds gks jgs Qsyko esa lrr o`f} djksA* muds fy, vU; dk;Zeksa dh ;kstuk Hkh rS;kj djds nhA ftl p<+kbZ ls nl okZ iwoZ
dkjkxkj esa tkrs le; eu esa vk;k Fkk fd ml p<+kbZ ls mrjus dk izlax] vFkkZr~ fQj ykSVus dk izlax D;k dHkh vk ldrk gS] mlh
p<+kbZ dks <yku cukdj vkt ge iqu% fganqLFkku ykSV jgs gSaA
brus esa êgkjktk* tgkt vk x;kA tgkt dydkk tk,xkA ge ij p<+ x,A isV esa u tkus dSlk gksus yxkA ;g LiV fn[kkbZ ns jgk
Fkk fd vaneku esa izkIr FkksMh+ &cgqr Lora=rk dks Hkh Nhudj gesa naM ds igys gh fnu tSlh dBksjrk esa iqu% <dsyk tk jgk gSA tgkt
ij lokj gksrs gh gesa ,dne rygVh esa fLFkr fiatjs esa
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
453
j[kk x;k] tks cafn;ksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA nl okZ iwoZ blh fiatjs esa eq>s Bwalk x;k FkkA mldh Le`fr ek= ls jksaxVs [kM+s gks x,A
ml ij ckck risfnd ls ttZj vkSj [kkalh ls xzLr FksA ckck ds lkFk fiatjs ds ikl vkdj ns[kk rks lkeus ,d vkSj ladV eqag ck,
[kM+k FkkA
ikxyksa ds fiatjs esa

ftl fiatjs esa ge vR;ar f?kpfip esa can fd, x, Fks] og iwjk dk iwjk ikxyksa ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA vaneku ls ftu ikxyksa dks fganq LFkku esa
okil Hkstuk Fkk] os lc blh ty;ku ls Hksts tk jgs FksA ml fiatjs esa mu ikxyksa ds lkFk gesa Hkh can fd;k x;kA os xkyh&xykSt dj
jgs Fks] vuki&kuki cd jgs FksA dksbZ jks jgk Fkk] dksbZ viuk gh xyk ?kksaVus dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA bl ikxyiu ls fuLrkj ik;k gqvk
,d canh muij izeq[k vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA og ,d&,d dks idM+&idM+dj ekj jgk FkkA rfud fgyus&Mqyus ds fy, Hkh
txg ugha fey jgh FkhA mlh esa Toj ls ihfM+r rFkk nqcZy cus vius T;sB ca/kq ds lkFk eq>s Bwalk x;kA
os ikxy tks ns[k jgs Fks] tks cksy jgs Fks] og mUgsa rkRdkfyd lR; gh izrhr gks jgk FkkA fdlh dks pwgs dk vkHkkl gksrk vkSj og
tksj&tksj ls fpYykrk] êsjh Nkrh ij pwgs lokj gks jgs gSaA* fdlh dks ;g vkHkkl gks jgk Fkk fd lHkh mls xkfy;ka ns jgs gSa] og jkr
esa mBdj vpkud vius iM+kslh dh Nkrh ij lokj gksdj mls eqDds ekjus yxrkA myfV;ka vkSj lksus ds LFkku ij gh nLr vkSj mlh
esa ;s yksV jgs gSa& muesa tkdj ge cSB x,A iy Hkj ds fy, lkspk] Hkyk dkSu gS ikxy\ gekjh bafnz;ksa dks tks vkHkkl gks jgk gS] og
Hkh fdl vk/kkj ij lR; gS] gks ldrk gS] mudh bafnz;ksa dks tks vkHkkl gks jgk gS] og Hkh fdl vk/kkj ij lR; gS\ gks ldrk gS]
mudh bafnz;ksa dks gks jgs vkHkkl lR; gksa vkSj dksbZ&u&dksbZ bafnz; gh bl ckr dk fu.kZ; djsxh] u fd fdldh bafnz;ka lko/kku gSa\ ;fn
lko/kku gksrh rks mUgha ds leku lHkh dks pwgs fn[kkbZ nsrsA Hkyk ge gh lPps D;ksa \ dnkfpr~ os gh lPps gSa vkSj gessa gh ikxyiu dk
vkHkkl gks jgk gS fd ge bl nLr esa] myfV;ksa dh xanxh esa cSBs gSaA
lpeqp gh dystk /kd&/kd djus yxkA ml ?kqi va/ksjs esa] tgkt dh ?kjZ&?kjZ esa] ml nLr] oeu esa] ml lkjs f?kukSus gYys&xqYys esa tgka
lkal ysuk Hkh nwHkj gks x;k Fkk] th m[kM+k&m[kM+k lk FkkA ckj&ckj yxrk] ge ;g nkZu&fopkj dj jgs gSa ;k ikxyiu dk igyk nkSjk
ge ij lokj gks x;k gS] tks bafnz;&xkspj oLrqvksa ls lacaf/kr Hkze mRiUu dj jgk gSA
Kkurarq&nl&ckjg okksZa ds ruko ls {kh.k gq, Kkurarq&tSls ml le; {kh.k izrhr gq, oSls dHkh cgqr de izrhr gq, FksA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
454
bl fiatjs ls] de&ls&de mu ikxyksa ls FkksM+k vyx j[kus ds fy, geus vkosnu vkSj izfrokn fd;kA ml ty;ku ij gh dqN Hkkjrh;
a a a afganqLFkku okil ykSV jgs Fks] muds rFkk izeq[k a a Ikz;klksa dk vk/kkj izkIr gqvk vkSj vkf[kj gesa ml fiatjs ds lkeus vk/ks fgLls esa]
ijarq mu ikxyksa ls FkksMk+ vyx j[kk x;kA
ijarq gok ugha fey jgh FkhA risfnd ds vU; jksxh] pksj] Mkdw vkfn nafMrksa dks Hkh mlh ty;ku ls fganqLFkku Hkstk tk jgk FkkA ijarq
mUgsa ml mPpre ^Msd* ij j[kk x;k FkkA rkfd os [kqyh gok dk lsou dj ldsaA ijarq ckck dks\ ml fuEurj ry ij fiatjs esa] tgka
gok dk ukeksfukku rd ugha FkkA os risfnd ds jksxh] kjhj esa Toj! eq>s Hkh fuR; ^czkadkbfVl* ds oklkojks/k dh O;Fkk us tdM+ fy;k
FkkA
rc gok ds fy,&de&ls&de lkal ysus ds fy, ok;q feys&blfy, vkosnu djuk iM+kA nwljs fnu ls ij ls vkStkjksa dh ,d cM+h gok
NksMh+ tkrhA ckn esa vk/kk ?kaVk Msd ij ,d txg igjs esa cSBus dh vuqefr fey xbZA
ty;ku ds ;k=h rFkk vf/kdkjh pksjh&fNis uhps ml ry ds fudV vkdj feyrsA muesa tks Hkkjrh; yksx Fks] os Hkh vknj djrsA ,d
fkf{kr ,asXyksa&bafM;u x`gLFk us gekjh fe=rk ds fy, ckj&ckj vfHkeku dk iznkZu djds gesa ^FkkWel ,dsefil* tks gekjk fiz; xa zFk Fkk]
dh ,d lqanj izfr ;knxkj ds :i esa HksaV dhA ;s ykssx fNikdj mke Hkkstu Hkh Hkstrs rFkkfi lksMk okVj] cQZ] feBkbZ vkfn migkj ge
ckj&ckj okil ykSVkrsA dbZ yksx cyiwoZd iSls nsus dk iz;kl djrsA ^ge m/kj tkrs gh dkjkxkj esa can gksax]s vr% ;g ugha pkfg,*
dgrs gq, ge os migkj lkHkkj okil ykSVrs] feBkbZ feyus ij ge vius mu iM+kslh ikxy dVHkksfx;ksa esa ckaV nsrsA
jkr ds le; ckck viuk bfro`k dFku djrsA cSfjLVj dh ijh{kk nsus lu~ 1906 esa tc eSa foyk;r x;k] rc os ckck vkSj esjh
vkjke ls rks D;k] kkar Lora=rk esa pkj ckrsa ,dkar eas gks lds&,slh HksaV vkt pkSng okksZa ckn gqbZ FkhA rd esjs ihNs ^vfHkuo Hkkjr*
dk vkanksyu fdl izdkj c<+rk x;k] dkSu&dkSu a a ackck dSls idM+s x,] dkjkx`g esa iwNrkN djsu ds fy, muij dgka vkSj fdrus
vekuqfkd vR;kpkj fd, x,] fQj Hkh ,d Hkh kCn fdl rjg muds eqag ls ugha fudyk&var esa os fdl rjg ewfPNZr gks x, a a vkfn
jksekapdkjh o`k mUgksaus lquk, vkSj eSaus lqusA
vaneku fLFkr gekjs fiz; fe=ksa dh] tks ihNs NwV x, Fks] Le`fr chp esa gh cspSu djrh vkSj th pkgrk&,sls gh vaneku okil tk,a vkSj
muls feysaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
455
pkSFks ;k ikaposa fnu tc gesa vk/kk ?kaVk Msd ij mUeqDr ok;q esa ys tk;k x;k rc lkeus fdukjk fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA eq>s iM+kslh us
crk;k&ns[kks] fganqLFkku dk fdukjk fn[k jgk gSA eSa pkSadkA fganqLFkku dk rV! ftl fiz; ekr`Hkwfe dh dsoy Le`fr ls izLQwrZ gksdj vkt
rd ;s vuar ;kruk,a >syha] mldh og lk{kkr~ ewfrZA mu pj.kksa dk iqunZkZu&blh tUe esaA eSaus eqM+dj ckck ls dgk] ^^ckck] og ns [kks
Hkkjr! Og ns[kks mldk uhy lkxj&ty /kkSr pj.k ry!**
ge nksuksa Hkh HkfDrHkko ls jksekafpr gks mBs vkSj ml ekr`Hkwfe ds ikou pj.kksa ds lkeus gekjs eqag ls ;s mn~xkj QwVs] ^^Lokra; y{eh
dh t;! oans ekrje~!**
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
456
izdj.k&12
nqfnZuksa dh iqujko`fr
vaneku ds tgkt ls mrjdj dydkk esa ikao j[krs gh gesa vyhiqj ds dkjkx`g esa igaqpkdj ,d dksBjh esa Bwal fn;k x;kA ml fnu
izkr%dky vaneku ls fudyrs le; tks Hk; yx jgk Fkk og lR; fl} gqvk] D;ksafd ckck dks eq>ls vyx fd;k x;kA ge nksuksa
vius&vius VkV ds fcNkSus cxy esa nckdj gkFk esa ^Fkkyh ikVs* fy;s] pksjksa tSl]s lkFk ds flikfg;ksa ds us= ladsrkuqlkj py jgs FksA
brus esa flikgh us ckck dks ,d vR;ar ladjs xfy;kjs dh vksj eqM+us ds fy, dgk vkSj geas lkFk ysrs gq, og vU;= pyus yxkA esjs
ckck fcNqM+ x,A90
mudh og jkt;{ek ls Hkjiqj [kkalh eq>s rc rd lqukbZ nsrh jgh Fkh tc rd os Hkkjh fcNkSuk tSl&s rSls cxy esa nck,] dkys dacy dk
dksV igus djkgrs&[kkalrs nwj ugha fudy x,A eu esa lkspk] vc budk D;k gksxk\ ml ladjs xfy;kjs ls os eq>s NksM+dj ugha vfirq
,slk yxk fd dnkfpr~ eq>s NksM+dj e`R;q ds xfy;kjs dh vksj eqM+ jgs gSaA dnkfpr~ mudkk ;g vafre nkZu gksA
eSaus iqu% ,d ckj ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk vkSj eu esa vkksk fy, ij ls eSa pqipki vkxs c<+k vkSj ,d bekjr dh a a atks esjs fy, futZu
dh xbZ Fkh] ,d dksBjh esa eq>s can dj fn;k x;kA eu Hk;kud cspSuh Qsy xbZA
eq> ij igjk nsusokys flikfg;ksa ds lkFk ,d okWMZj Hkh vkrk FkkA og pkSng okZ dkysikuh dk naM gksus ds ckn Hkh rhu&,d okksa Z esa gh
okWMZj gksdj lkis{kr% fdruh LoPNankrkiwoZd ?kwe jgk Fkk vkSj djhc pkSng okZ yxHkx dksBjh esa can jgus ds ckotwn eq> ij dM+s igjs
rFkk dkjkxkjh; vR;kpkj] ;a=ukvksa dk vkoj.k jkh
90
ckckjko dks ogka ls chtkiqj] mlds Ikpkr~ lkcjerh ds canhx`g esa j[kk x;kA flracj 1922 esa ogka ls os cjh fd, x,A 16
ekpZ] 1945 dks lkaxyh esa mudk nsgkar gks x;kA ^kafrohj ckckjko lkojdj* pfj= xzaFk izdkfkr gSA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
457
Hkj Hkh fkfFky ugha gqvk vkSj eq>s vf/kd gh nckspk tk jgk FkkA
th cgykus ds fy, eSa yksgs dh lyk[kksa dks idM+dj [kM+k FkkA lka> le; jktuhfr ls lacaf/kr ew[kZrk fdruh QSy xbZ Fkh] bldk
vkafkd vuqHko mlds laHkkk.k dh ,d ckr ls gqvkA dydkk rFkk vU; jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa ls lacaf/kr viuh vK Hkkouk,a O;Dr
djrs&djrs mlus dgk] ^^vc ,d&nks eghuksa esa LojkT; izkIr gksxk] D;ksafd xka/kh uked dksbZ egkcyh ;ksx lk/kuk ls yM+us yxk gSA
vaxsztksa dh mlds vkxs ,d ugha pyrh] D;ksafd xksyh mls yxrh ugha vkSj dkjkx`g esa Bwalus ij og tknw ls dksBjh ls vn`; gks tkrk
gS vkSj iqup ckgj ik;k tkrk gSA gka] dbZ ckj ;g peRdkj gqvk gSA**
egkRekth dks dbZ ckj NqViqV naM gqvk Fkk vkSj can gksuk iM+k FkkA naM dk le; iwjk gksrs gh dbZ ckj mUgsa eqDr fd;k x;kA bl
lekpkj dk mlds efLrd esa vkSj mlds tSls krkf/kd vK yksxksa ds efLrd esa fod`r izfrfcac cukA eSaus galrs gq, dgk] ^^;g ,d
rjg ls lgh gS fd eu esa vkrs gh os canhkkyk ds ckgj [kM+s fn[kkbZ nsrs gS A ijarq blesa Lej.k dsoy bruk j[kuk gS fd os mlh fnu
dksBjh ls vn`; gksdj ckgj [kMs+ jguk pkgrs gSa] ftl fnu os ljdkjh naM ls Lora= gksuos kys gksrs gSa( vkSj ;ksxcy ls LojkT;&izkfIr
ds fok; esa iwNsaxs rks a a a**
iM+ksl dh dksBjh esa ckn esa ,d phuh ;qod yk;k x;k] ftls dksdhu cspus ij naM gks x;k FkkA nks fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ cjh gksuk gS]
blfy, og ukprk] dwnrk] xkrk jgrk gS] cgqr /kekpkSdM+h epkrk gSA ;g lqudj fd nks fnuksa esa eqDr gksuk gS& ukpus&xkus dk lkSHkkX;
gesa a a a uk uk] ;g vkkk gh ugha djuh pkfg,A
og phuh ;qod lu;krlsu dk uke tkurk FkkA laHkkk.k ds nkSjku ;g Hkh mtkxj gks x;k fd og gekjs uke ls lqifjfpr gSA ;g Kkr
gksus ij fd eSa ogh gwa] mls fookl ugha gks jgk Fkka ftls eSa bruk egku~ iq:k ekurk Fkk] og Hkyk bl ckfyr Hkj dh dksBjh es a dSls
lek x;k! egku~ iq:kksa ls lacaf/kr tks ,d fojkV~ /kkj.kk mlds tSls yksxksa dh gksrh gS] mls ml egkiq:k ds izR;{k nkZu ls tks lk/kkj.k
euq; ds leku gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] blh rjg dk /kDdk yxrk gSA mlus eq>ls iwNk] ^^D;k vkidks xksyh yxrh gS \** eSaus dgk] ^^gka]
yxuh rks pkfg,A** rc og cspkjk cgqr fujkk gks x;kA
,d flikgh us iwNk] ^^vki fdrus fnu vkSj jkr leqnz esa rSjrs jgs Fks \** vFkkZr~ eklsZfyl esa\ geus dgk] ^^dSls fnu&jkr! Ckl] nl
feuV Hkh ugha rSjk fd fdukjk vk x;kA** ;g vizR;kfkr mkj lqurs gh mlds vdqyfiz; vknj us y{k.kh;
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
458
>Vdk [kk;kA ;fn ge Mhax gkadrs gq, vlR; dgrs rks Hkh ,d ckj {kE; le>k tkrk vkSj og bruk tksjnkj >Vdk ugha [kkrkA dqN
nsj ds fy, og rerek lk x;kA eklsZfyl ls lacaf/kr okLrfod tkudkjh nsus dh vknr ls bl izdkj ds fdrus gh Hkksys&Hkkys fe=ksa ds
vknj ls gesa oafpr gksuk iM+kA
Lkekpkj dh Hkkokatfy
dydkk ls vkB fnuksa esa gekjh jokuxh gks xbZ&izFke ;g ugha irk pyk fd fdl dkjkxkj esaA jsy esa Qy vkSj lekpkj&i= izR;sd
LVsku ij yksx nsrs tkrsA yksxksa ds >qaM&ds&>qaM tek gksdj rkd&>kad djus dk iz;kl djrsA blls gesa fookl gks x;k fd ge dydkk
ls fudy pqds gSa&;g lekpkj fdlh us rRdky rkj }kjk vkxs Hkstk gksxkA ukxiqj ls vkxs ;k dgha ij vkrs gh blls lacaf/kr lwpuk fd
gesa vaneku ls okil fganqLFkku yk;k x;k gS& vkuan&iznkZd cM+s&cMs+ v{kjksa esa Nis khkZdksa vkSj ys[kksa ls Hkjs lekpkj&i= fn[kkbZ fn,A
gekjh ihNs dh lhV ij ,d lTtu blh rjg ,d i= [kksydj bl rjg i<+rs jgs fd ge Hkh mls ns[k ldsaA ejkBh Hkkkk&gekjs lkFk
vk jgs ,saXyksa&bafM;u vf/kdkjh ds dqN iYys ugha iM+ jgh FkhA mu i=ksa ls ;g fn[kkbZ fn;k fd lk/kkj.k /kkj.kk ds vuqlkj gesa ,d
lIrkg eesa cjh fd;k tk,xkA ijarq okLrfod ekeyk gesa Kkr FkkA og lTtu ek= lgkuqHkwfr ds fy, ml Vsu ls ;k=k dj jgs Fks vkSj
ml vf/kdkjh ls cpdj ;FkklaHko lgk;rk dj jgs FksA og tksj&tksj ls lekpkj i<+rk vkSj ge lqursA
ckjg okZ ckn ukfld vk;k

gekjs mu igjsnkj vf/kdkfj;ksa us gesa tjk Hkh dV u nsrs gq, gels mfpr O;ogkj fd;k vkSj ge cacbZ igqap x,A jkg esa ukfld
LVsku ij Hkjh jkr xkM+h vkrs gh ukfld] ukfld] ukfld* dh /ofu mHkjhA ijarq gekjh cksxh dh f[kM+fd;ka igys ls gh can djds ml
,saXyksa&bafM;u vf/kdkjh us eq>ls chp esa cSBus ds fy, dgk FkkA fudVorhZ fMCcs ds lkeus dqN yksx vkdj cSB x,A ijarq ml ukfld
ls gekjh Vsu NqVs vkt ckjg okZ chr pqds FksA ,d ubZ ih<+h iui jgh FkhA yach lk/kuk ds Ikpkr~ ml LVsku ij bl thou dh xkM+h
ykSVdj vkbZA ogka vc dkSu igpku dk gksxkA ijarq fQj Hkh ûkfld] ukfld* dh /ofu lqudj fpk esa dSlh&dSlh rjaxas fgyksjas ysus
yxh Fkh! ml LVsku ij laiUu gq, vusd iku&lqikjh lekjksg] dkWyst ;k=k ds os fpcM+s] rjcwtsA foyk;r tkrs le; vkl&ikl f?kjs
gq, fe=eaMy ds vJqflDr eq[keaMy&Lora=rk y{eh ds os t;?kksk&gFkdfM+;ksa rFkk Qkalh esa cnys muds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
459
fp=! blh rjg ds fp=] pyfp= eu%iVy ij vU;euLd Rojk ls lrr vkrs jgsA
b/kj&m/kj u ns[kus nsrs gq, cacbZ ls ty;ku ij lokj djk;k x;kA ;k=k lekIr gksrs gh var esa jkr ds nl&ckjg cts ,d dkjkxkj esa
ys tkdj gesa can fd;k x;kA og dkjkx`g jRukfxjh dh canhkkyk FkhA vc blds vkxs gekjs dkjkokl dh tkudkjh ;Fkke ,oa
;Fkkizek.k foLrkjiwoZd nsuk ifjfLFkfrok vlaHko gSA izeq[k dkj.k ;g f dog blh {ks= ds dkjkx`g ls lacaf/kr gS rFk loZFkk orZeku
dkyhu gSA rnuqkafxd vU; dkj.k izdV gh gSaA vr% orZeku fLFkfr esa ;FkklaHko la{ksi esa :ijs[kk nsrs gq, gh ;g o`kkar lekIr djrs
gSaA
jRukfxjh dkjkxkj
jRukfxjh ds dkjkxkj esa izFke nks&rhu lIrkg vR;ar nqLlg izrhr gq,A vaneku esa gesa Hkkstu ds le; nw/k vkSj lqiDo vUu feyus
yxus ls gekjh ikpukfDr ogka rfud lq/kj xbZ Fkh fd ge vHkh ,d tkuysok chekjh ls mBs Hkh ugha Fks fd jRukfxjh esa vkrs gh nw/k
ds os pkj ?kwaV Hkh can gks x, vkSj iqu% dkjkx`g dh mu eksVh&eksVh jksfV;ksa ls ikyk iM+ x;kA vaneku esa nks&pkj okZ bl fu%lo
Hkkstu ds dkj.k ge fdl rjg ejk.kklUu gks x, Fks vkSj ogka ds JsB&ls&JsB oS|dh; vf/kdkfj;ksa us gesa nw/k rFkk foksk Hkkst u nsus
dh O;oLFkk fdl rjg djkbZ Fkh] ;g lkjh jkedgkuh ;gka lqukbZ] ijarq lc O;FkZ( ;gka gesa loZFkk ,drjQk] ,d okZ naM Hkqxrus ij
vaneku esa tks FkksM+h&cgqr lqfo/kk,a izkIr Fkh&iwjs kjhj dks <kaius ;ksX; oL=] nsg&Je ls eqfDr] fy[kus dk dke] xazFk ys[kukFkZ
dkxt&isafly] nl tuksa esa mBus&cSBus dh Lor=ark] os lkjh lqfo/kk,a can dj nh xbZ vkSj iqu% naM yx x;k] vr% igys fnu feyk gqvk
ogh dqjrk] ogh ipkl okhZ; canh dk ^lu~ 1960 esa eqfDr* fy[kk gqvk lhls dk fcYyk] ogh futZu ,dkar dksBjh&bruk lkjk ifjorZu
gks x;k tks vR;ar nqLlg FkkA ,slk izrhr gqvk fd lkjk naM iqu% kq: ls Hkqxruk gSA
ckck dk dksbZ lekpkj ugha fey jgk FkkA vaneku fLFkr gekjs bV fe=ksa dh Le`fr ls Hkh eu NViVkus yxkA lwr drkbZ dk dke fn;k
x;k] ijarq vH;kl u gksus ds dkj.k og iwjk ugha gks jgk FkkA iqLrd Hkh i<+us dks ugha fey jgh FkhA le; fcrkuk nwHkj gks x;kA
vkRe?kkr dk vafrd >Vdk

vkp;Z gksxk] ijarq gj iy vf/kd nqdj yxus yxkA ckjg okksZa ls ugha] tc
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
460
eSa foyk;r x;k rHkh ls v?kfVr] vlguh; ladVksa vkSj ;krukvksa dk ruko lgrs&lgrs {kh.k cus Kkurarq bl u, ruko ls dgha VwV rks
ugha tk,axs] ,slk yxus yxkA ,d fnu m}sx bruk c<+ x;k fd foosd Hkh tkrk jgkA vc vkSj fdrus fnu lguk gSA ugha pkfg, ;g
thou! vc vf/kd lM+rs jgus ls dqN ykHk ughaA eSa mB x;kA ml dksBjh esa Hkh ij nhokj esa f[kM+dh Fkh] tSls vaneku esa FkhA
ogka rd gkFk dSls igqapsaxs vkSj vius thou dk rarq mldh lyk[kksa ls cka/kdj rkurs gq, mls dSls rksM+uk gS] ;g ;kstuk cukbZA eu esa
Hk;kud fok..krk dk xgjk va/ksjk QSy x;k] tks iy&iy vf/kdkfjd L;kg gksrk tk jgk FkkA
jRukfxjh ds dkjkx`g esa gh&eSa fy[k jgk gwaA ogka ls dqN gh nwj fLFkr jRukfxjh ds nwj dkjkx`g ls gh vius vktUe dkjkokl ds iwj s
pkSng okksZa esa tks nks vR;kf/kd vlguh; nq%[k ds {k.k chrs] muesa ls ,d vkSj vafrd {k.k ml ?ku?kksj rel esa chrkA
iajrq rc fnu Fkk] vr% jkr dh izrh{kk djuh iM+hA brus esa eus dh fLFkjrk /khjs&/khjs iqu% izLFkkfir gksus yxh&^vaneku esa banq Hkk.k ls
ysdj izks- ijekuan rd tks vusd caxkyh] iatkch] fl[k vkfn nskHkDr ;krukvksa ls cdj vkRe?kkrkFkZ izo`k gks x,] vkSj ftl dkj.k
ls rqeus mUgsa ml d`R; ls ijko`k fd;k] mlh dkj.k ls rqe Hkh ijko`k gks tkvksA ejuk gh gS rks lkS ds fy, lkS :i, ysdjA*
jkf= esa iqu% ,d ckj thou dh bfrdrZO;rk dh :ijs[kk lqLiV :i ls vkadus ds fy, ,dkxz gksdj cSB x;kA fuR; fu;ekuqlkj eu
lqIr le fupy gksus rd fpko`fk dk fujks/k djrk gqvk pqipki cSBk jgkA fQj kuS%&kuS% thou dk f=dkykckf/kr /;s;] mlls
vuqizkIr gksusokyk dky&nsk ik= ls e;kZfnr mi/;s;] mlds vuqkax ls fufpr iz/kku drZO; vkSj rnuqdwy vifjgk;Z cuk rkRdkfyd
thou&e] bl lcdk foospu djds ns[kkA
vlguh; nq%[k lguk gh gksxk

ml vl dks lguk gh ml voLFkk esa JsBre dk;Z FkkA mls laiUu djds vU; Hkh tks lk/; gks] og djrs jgukA
iqu% fup;A nwljs fnu ls blh rjg ds futZu ,dkar esa dfork dk og VwVk lw=] ftldh jpuk ihNs dqN dky iwoZ rd dj jgk
Fkk&iqu% gkFk esa ys fy;k vkSj ml dky ls tc eSa foyk;r esa idM+k x;k] jRukfxjh ds vkxeu rd vius dkjkokl dh dBksj dFkk dks
eu&gh&eu jpuk vkjaHk fd;kA eu&gh&eu lksprs gq, tSls dkxt ij fy[krs gSa&xazFk ds foHkkx] izdj.k rFkk izeq[k ?kVuk,a eokj
daBLFk dhA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
461
mUgsa dSls O;Dr fd;k tk,] ;g lc&QqVdj] fNViqV ckrsa Hkh ;FkklaHko Lej.k djrs&djrs eu dks mldk ,d&,e iUuk i<+dj fn[kk;kA
vkxs izlax fl} djds D;k djrk\ vkl&ikl yky bZaVksa ds VqdM+ksa vkfn ls izeq[k fok;&oLrq dh fVIif.k;ka] tks eu dk le> esa vk,axh]
nhokjksa ij a a [kksndj] jax p<+kdj j[khA nks&rhu eghuksa ls ;g dk;Z rsth ls py jgk FkkA
mUgha fkykys[kksa ij fy[kh fVIif.k;ksa rFkk Le`fr&fp=ksa dk] orZeku izdkfkr xazFk ^vktUe dkjkokl* ,d foLr`r dkxth laLdj.k gSA
mu nks&rhu eghuksa esa /khjs&/khjs esjh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA Hkkstu esa lq/kkj vk x;kA chp esa dydkk ds ^dSfiVy* lekpkj&i=
us Nkik Fkk fd ,eMu ds teZu kM~;a= ls esjh lkaB&xkaB Fkh] blfy, muij esjs ca/kq us vfHk;ksx yxk;k Fkk] mldh lwpuk izkIr gksr s gh
ml i= us {kek&;kpuk dhA91 bl dkaM esa dqN fnu O;rhr gks x,A ?k ls dqN migkj Hkh vkus yxsA
fla/k rFkk vU; iznskksa ls vusd vlg;ksxh vkSj f[kykQrh fganw&eqlyeku jktcanh mlh dkjkxkj esa gekjs ihNs&ihNs vk x,A mudh
f[kykQr] fganw&eqlyeku ,drk dh] jktuhfr dh /kkj.kk,a] rkRdkfyd rFkk ml le; esjs fopkj dh rqyuk esa izfrdwy minsk ls dyqfkr
gksus ls muls ek% izR;sd fok; ij lrr ppkZ] laokn djus dk dk;Z Hkh /kwe/kke ls vkjaHk djuk iM+kA FkksMs+ gh fnuksa esa vaneku dh
i}fr ds vuqlkj lkIrkfgd xksfB;ka rFkk O;k[;kuksa dk ;gka Hkh Jhx.ksk gqvkA ge yxHkx okZ&Ms<+ okZ lkFk jgsA eSaus mUgsa izFke ns[kk]
rc ,d fe= rks LiV :i esa fpYykrk Fkk] êkykckj esa eqlyekuksa us ;s vR;kpkj fd, gh ughaA* nwljs fe= mlls Hkh cqyan vkokt
mBkrs] ^;fn fd, Hkh gksa rks fpark ugha] fganw eqlyeku Hkh gks tk,a] ijarq LojkT; feyuk pkfg,A* vfgalk vkSj lR; dh O;k[;k dh
izfrdwyrk ds ckjs esa rks iwfN, gh ughaA ,d fkf{kr jktcanh ca/kq dh fuEukafdr dFkk dgus ls ml le; eq>s feys vlg;ksx rFkk
f[kykQr ds ,d gh lkaps esa <ys esjs nskcka/koksa dh euksnkk dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA
jkVh; lekpkj&izkfIr ds fy, ge jktcanh vaneku esa vusd ;qfDr;ksa&izR;qfDr;ksa dk voyacu djrs FksA rc dHkh dwM+s&djdV esa vFkok
ckgj dke ds fy, tk jgs cafn;ksa dh pkykdh ls lekpkj&i= dk VqdM+k gkFk yxrkA gekjs vlg;ksxoknh fe= ml VqdM+s dks gekjh
rjg gh gkFk esa ysdj i<+rsA nks&rhu ckj cgqr gh ykijokgh ds lkFk [kqys vkaxu esa og VqdM+k i<+rs ns[kdj nwljs jktcanh us mlls
dgk] ^^,slk er djuk] HkkbZ! vU;Fkk lekpkj&i= i<+us ij ikcanh gksus ds
91
28 ebZ] 1921
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
462
dkj.k ml lk/ku dh] ftlls ;g VqdM+k feyrk gS] ckr QSy tk,xh] rc fQj gesa lekpkj ugha feysaxsA** ijarq ml lTtu us rerekrs
gq, dgk] ^^vFkkZr~\ D;k eSa bls pksjh&fNis i<wa+\ eSa vlg;ksxh gwaA tks xqIr] og [kksVk&;g vkpj.k eSa dHkh ugha d:axkA** vf/kd fookn
u djrs gq, yksxksa us mUgsa bl rjg dk dksbZ VqdM+k nsuk gh can dj fn;kA rc yky&ihys gksdj mUgksaus /kedk;k] ^^ftl rjg cafn;ks a dh
Vksfy;ka pksjh&pksjh rackdw ys tkrh gSa] mlh rjg ,dk/k nwljk dkxt Hkh xqIr :i ls ykrs gSa] mudk uke eSa dy vf/kdkfj;ksa dks
crkaxk] D;ksafd lR; fNikuk ?kksj iki gSA**
eSa vlg;ksxh&lR; gekjk vknkZ ozr

yksxksa us dgk] ^^vth] tc vkidks ;g VqdM+k feyrk Fkk] rc Hkh vki tkurs Fks fd ;g xqIr :i ls fey jgk gSA rks fQj ml le;
mls vlR; le>dj R;kT; D;ksa ugha ekuk\ mlij ftldh xqIr lsok Lohdkj djrs gq, vkius viuh r`.kk dk keu fd;k] vc mlh
dk uke izdV djuk&jkVh; canh le>dj vkidh lgk;rk djus ds ckotwn mldk uke nsuk fookl?kkr ugha gS \ ;fn ;g lR; gS rks
ujsanz xksLokeh92 Hkh vlg;ksxh gksus ds ukrs vkidks iwtuh; gh gksaxs\**
blls og O;fDr nc x;kA ijarq vkrs&tkrs ;gh ckr dgrk fQjrk esa ls dqN yksxksa us ,d pkHkh ?kqekbZA dkjkxkj esa ftl fnu pkoy
idrk] ml fnu ;s egkk; jlksb, dks nqykj&iqpdkjdj pqppki mlls xsgaw dh jksVh ysdj [kkrsA mlh rjg pksjh&pksjh muds jksVh [kkus
yxrs gh ,d us >wB&ewB gh dgk] ^^vjs] ns[kks&ns[kks] Ik;Zos{kd vk jgk gSA** bruk lquus ek= ls bu egkk; us >V ls ml jksVh dks
VkV ds uhps Nqik fn;k vkSj larHkko ls pkoy [kkuk izkjaHk fd;kA rc lHkh Bgkdk yxkus yxsA lc iwN us yxs] ^^bruk lquus ek= ls
bu egkk; us >V ls ml jksVh dks VkV ds uhps Nqik fn;k vkSj larHkko ls pkoy [kkuk izkjaHk fd;kA rc lHkh Bgkdk yxkus yxsA lc
iwNus yxsA ^^vth] bl rjg jksVh fNikuk D;k Hkh:rk ugha gS\ pksjh&pksjh jksVh [kkuk D;k mfpr gS\** fQj fdlh vkSj us O;ax&ck.k
NksMk+ ]- ^^vFkkZr~ fcks Hkj isV ds fy, jksVh ds VqdM+ksa dh pksjh djuk dqN vlg;ksxh lR;oku gfjpanzksa dks fufk} ugha gSA vkSj vius
jkV dh fLFkfr dk vuqeku yxkus ;k mldh lkoZtfud fgr&o`f} ls lekpkj&i= VqdM+k fNikdj i<+uk fufk} gSA ikih isV ds fy,
vlR; cksyuk Hkh:rk FkksMs+ gh gS\ HkbZ] jkV ds fy, vlR; opu Hkh:rk gSA**
;fn ;g ckr ,d gh O;fDr dh gksrh rks ge mls mtkxj ugha djrs] ijarq bl
92
ekf.kdrYyk vfHk;ksx esa {kek dk lk{khA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
463
izdkj dh izo`fk rRdkyhu dbZ f[kykQrh vlg;ksfx;ksa esa ikbZ xbZA mlh euksjatd izlx
a ds ,d vFkZiw.kZ mnkgj.kLo:i ;g dgkuh dguh
iM+hA
ekykckj dh fLFkfr dk cks/k djkus ds fy, nks&rhu ,sfrgkfld Hkkk.k fn,A gekjs mu fe=ksa ds laxBu ds fo:} tkus ij muds lkjs
dqrdksaZ dk inkZQkk fd;kA jktuhfr dks ysdj rks lrr ppkZ,a pyrh gh jgrh FkhA
jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa kqf}

dqN le; ckn ogka Hkh cacbZ ls fla/kh vFkok iBkuh] eqlyeku canh Hksts tkus yxsA muds }kjk fganw ckydksa dks HkzV djus ds iz;kl
gekjh n`fV esa vkus yxsA ogka ds vf/kdkjh bu ckrksa ls loZFkk vufHkK FksA ijarq eqlyekuh cafn;ksa ds bl fuR; ds rFkk lkoZf=d
mie esa ge HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr FksA vr% geus gh bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k vkSj ogka Hkh] tSlk ge vaneku esa djrs Fks] kqf}dj.k
fd;kA vko;drkuqlkj mudks vkfFkZd lgk;rk ls ge igqapkrsA fookn c<+us yxkA Ik;Zos{kd rd ls rw&rM+kd gks xbZA jRukfxjh ds
dkjkxkj esa eqlyeku] fla/kh vkSj iBku mUek gks x,A os vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk ejkBh flikfg;ksa dk ukdksa ne djus yxsA ge ,d&nwljs ds
dV~Vj k=q gks x,A mlesa Hkh dqN tks gekjs fudVrd iM+kslh gh Fks] os gesa ekjihV dh /kefd;ka nsus yxsA bl ihM+k dk ,d mnkgj.k
nssrk gwaA
,d fnu fganqvksa dks dsoy rax djus ds mn~ns; ls eqlyeku pksj] Mkdw vkfn nafMrksa us] ftUgksaus dHkh uekt Hkh ugah i<+h] rM+ds vkSj
vk/kh jkr dks Hkh mBdj ^ckax* nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA muds bl rjg gYyk&xqYyk djus ls lHkh dh uhan VwVus yxh vkSj cM+k dV gksus
yxkA vf/kdkfj;ska us ?kqM+fd;ka nh rks ;s myVs pksj dksroky dks MkaV fiykus yxs] ^;g gekjk /keZ gSA* ofjB vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh muds
lkeus gfFk;kj Mky fn,A rc geus viuh jkeck.k vkSkf/k fudkyhA ,d&nks mLrkn fganw canh] tks xq:daVky Fks] mudh lgk;rk yhA
muesa ls ,d iksiys eaqg dk O;fDr Hkh Fkk] tks pksfj;ka djus ds dkj.k pkj&ikap ckj egknaM Hkqxrdj dkjkx`g dks gh viuk ?kj le>rk
Fkka bu yksxksa us eqag va/ksjs mBdj tksj&tksj ls ^jkeuke* dk tki vkajHk fd;kA êqlyeku* ds ckax nsus ds fy, fpYykuk kq: djrs gh
bu fganqvksa us ugys is ngyk ekjrs gq, muls Hkh vf/kd aps Loj esa xyk&QkM+dj rqylhnkl ds nksgs rFkk jke&jke dk mPpkj.k djuk
kq: fd;kA flikgh ds fganqvksa dks MkaVrs gh ge chp esa iM+rs vkSj dgrs] ^;g D;k\ ;k rks lHkh dks tksj&tksj ls izkFkZuk djus ls euk
djks] vU;Fkk eqlyekuksa dh rjg bUgsa Hkh eu&iwr izkFkZuk djus nksA jkr esa eqlyekuksa dks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
464
uekt i<+rs ns[krs rks fganw HkDr Hkh Hktu djus yxrsA eqlyeku vkx&ccwyk gks tkrs] ij fook FksA os fganqvksa dh uhan [kjkc djrs]
mlh rjg fganw Hkh djus yxsA bl rjg nksuksa dh /kwrZrkiw.kZ ijLij dkV esa ksk kwU; jgk vkS j vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dBksj vuqkklu Hkh tgka
eqlyekuksa dh xqaMkxnhZ can ugha dj ldk Fkk] ogha tksM+ dks rksM+ fganw xqaMkxanhZ ls og vius vki can gks x;kA blh vkSkf/k ls f[kykQrh
lekpkj laiknd eqlyeku dh ^lekurk* dk Hkze Hkh dkQh gn rd mrkj fn;kA og ;g dgrs gq, ^fganw gh D;ksa Nq,a\ eqlyeku D;k
bUlku ugha\* cyiwoZd fganqvksa ds fy, vyx j[ks ty dks Nw ysrkA eSaus mldh ;qfDr dk laiw.kZ leFkZu djrs gq, ogha ij [kM+s ,d fganw
esgrj ls mlh ikuh ds ihis ls kq}rkiwoZd Lo;a ikuh ysus ds fy, dgkA ,slk gksrs gh og ^lHkh euq;ksa dks leku* ekuusokyk f[kykQrh
eqlyeku ml esgrj vNwr dks MkaVus yxk vkSj ml ty dks uekt ds fy, vkq} gksus dk nkok djrs gq, vLohdkj djus yxkA bl
rjg nks&rhu ckj mldh lekurk dh iksy [kqyus ls eqlyekuksa us ,d fganw ls pqipki ikuh ysuk vkjaHk fd;k vkSj fQj mUgksaus ty dks
dHkh ugha NqvkA
jRukfxfj dkjkx`g esa naxk

bl chp ml mn~naM iBku vkSj dkjkx`g ds ,d eqjCch] yqPps&yQaxs fla/kh eqlyeku ls vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gh dkuwu ds vuqkklu dks ysdj
>M+i gks xbZ vkSj ekeyk lhek ls vkxs c<+ x;kA rc vafrd ifjfpr mik;Lo:I mu xqaMksa us naxk djus dk fup; fd;kA fganw okWMZj]
fganw flikgh] fganw la?kVd jktcanh&bu lHkh dks cqjh rjg ihVus dk kM~;a= jpk x;kA var esa ,d fnu Hkkstu ls fuiVrs gh vpkud os
eqlyeku xqaMs okWMZjksa dks psrkouh ns jgs FksA vr% ml vizR;kfkr vke.k dk fganqvksa us Hkh MVdj lkeuk fd;kA dbZ fganw ygwyqgku gks
x,A dbZ eqlyeku xaqMksa dh :bZ dh rjg /kqukbZ dh xbZA os gks&gYyk djrs] ph[krs&fpYykrs vkSj ekjihV djrs ge ij vke.k djus
canhx`g ds varfoZHkkx eas ?kqlus dk iz;kl dj jgs FksA ge Hkh rS;kj ,oa lko/kkuh ds lkFk dksBjh ds ckgj fudydj fganqvksa dks
vkRej{kkFkZ yM+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr dj jgs FksA brus esa Hk;&lwpd ?kaVk ?ku?kukus yxkA ft/kj ns[kks m/kj ekjks] ihVks! gfFk;kjcan iqfyl
ds lkFk Ik;Zos{kd Hkh vk /kedsA vf/kdrj ygw ls yFkiFk gks x, FksA vfHk;ksx pysA xqaMksa dks naM feykA ftu fganw okWMZjksa us viuh rFkk
vU; fganqvksa dh j{kk dh Fkh rFkk dkuwu ds i{k dk leFkZu fd;k Fkk] mUgsa izek.k&i= iznku fd, x,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
465
bl iwjs dkaM ls tks fganw kqf}dj.k vkanksyu NsM+us ds dkj.k gesa ^/keZHkzV* dgk djrs Fks] os Hkh kqf}dj.k ds i{k esa gks x, vkSj FkksM+s
gh fnuksa esa tc ,d tUe ls eqlyeku dks kq} fd;k rc eqlyeku dks ge ij vfHk;ksx yxkuk iM+kA lnk dh rjg lrdZ ppkZ
gksrs&gksrs var esa ;g fu.kZ; gqvk fd blls vkxs dkjkxkj esa fdlh ds Hkh /kekZarj.k ij jksd yxkbZ tk,A bl rjg fganqvksa dk /keZ HkzV
djus dk O;olk; Bi gks x;kA ge ij vke.k djus dh ?kkr eas cSBs /kekZa/k eqlyekuksa ij ge va r rd lko/kkuh ls n`fV j[krs FksA
blls iwoZ ftu jktcafn;ksa us f[kykQr vkanksyu esa Lo;a iSls nsdj izpkj ds iz;kl fd, Fks] mudh Hkh vkanksyuksa vkSj ekeyksa ls vka[ksa
[kqy xbZ vkSj os fganw laxBu ds dV~Vj leFkZd cu x,A ;gh ugha] laxBu dh nwjchu ls ns[kus ds vknh gksrs gh mudh jktuhfr dk Hkh
izfr;ksxh uhfr esa ifjorZu gks x;kA ogka ls cjh gksus ds ckn os vius&vius jkT;ksa esa thoV o`fk ds lkFk fganw laxBu dk leFkZu djus
yxs FksA
cafn;ksa esa fk{kk&vkanksyu

vaneku dh rjg jRukfxjh ds dkjkxkj eas Hkh fk{kk dk vkanksyu tksj&kksj ds lkFk pyk;kA db;ksa dks Lo;a i<+k;kA viuh tsc ds [kpZ
ls iqjLdkj nsdj iqLrd i<+us esa :fp iSnk dhA xzaFkky; esa iqLrdsa ugha FkhA vkosnu&i= vkosnu Hkstdj] cacbZ ljdkj ls i=&O;ogkj
djds ikap lkS :i, rd dh ubZ iqLrdsa eaxokbZA Lo;a fVIi.kh djds nhA Ik;Zos{kd rFkk fk{kk foHkkx ds izeq[k ls lgefr feyrs gh os
eaxokbZ xbZA cafn;ksa dh i<+us esa :fp bruh c<+ xbZ fd mlls Ms<+ okZ esa dkjkxkjh; >xM+ksa dh la[;k esa bruh deh vkbZ fd dkjkxkj
ds izfrosnu esa vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bldk mYys[k djuk vfuok;Z gks x;kA fy[kk fd bldk dkj.k fk{kk ds izfr c<+h vfHk:fp gSA
eqlyekuksa ds bZn vkfn R;ksgkjksa ij mUgsa lkoZtfud izkFkZuk djus esa fdlh us vkifk ugha dhA ekSyoh Hkh vkrs] bZlkb;ksa dks Hkh lqfo/kk
feyrh] ijarq fganqvksa dks ughaA vr% jktcafn;ksa us iz;kl djds cacbZ ljdkj ls fganqvksa ds fy, Hkh tUekVeh ds fnu dFkk djus dh
vuqefr izkIr dhA miokl&ozr ds le; Qykgkj nsus dh ifjikVh Mkyh xbZA gfjdFkk lkoZtfud :i ls dh xbZA
dkjkxkj esa jktcafn;ksa ds iz;klksa ls vU; voLFkkvksa esa Hkh cgqr lq/kkj gq,A mnkgj.kkFkZ&ogka ds kkSpky; dh f?kukSuh i}fr dks gh ysaA
Ng&lkr yksx ,d lkFk] iafDr esa mu kkSp dwiksa esa cSBrsA chp esa ijnk vkfn dqN ughaA dwiksa ds ij NIij rd ugha vkSj brus fudV
fd fcYdqy lVh gqbZ voLFkk esa lHkh dks cSBuk iM+rkA lkFk esa ikuh ugha ys tk ldrs] blfy, lHkh dks oSls gh mBdj nwj uy
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
466
ij kjhj /kksuk iM+rkA bl rjg dh csgwnk vkSj xanxh Hkjh vlqfo/kk,a jktcanh yksxksa ds vkanksyu ls cgqrkak esa nwj gks xbZ vkSj Hkkstu esa
lq/kkj vk x;kA dke dh ;kruk,a de gks xbZ vkSj mlds ;ksx ls fof/kd vuqkklu de u gksrs gq, cafn;ksa dk vkpj.k lq?kM+ ,oa
vuqkkluc} gks x;kA
rhu iqLrdsa izdkfkr

gekjk ,d vkSj v/kwjk dk;Z jRukkfxjh canhx`g esa jgrs gq, vkafkd :i esa iw.kZrk dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA vaneku esa tc vU; dksbZ Hkh
izR;{k jkVdk;Z djuk vlaHko izrhr gksus yxk rc geus ikBdksa dks Lej.k gksxk fd eu&gh&eu ,d dkO; dh jpuk djus dk fup;
fd;k FkkA vkxs vusd izR;{k dk;Z djus dk volj feyrk x;k vkSj dkO; ladYi ihNs NwV x;kA jRukfxjh esa canhoku gksrs le;
vaneku esa fojfpr [kaM dfork,a&tks ,d dkO;kuqca/k esa fijksbZ tkusokyh Fkh&geus iw.kZ dhA igys iwjh dh xbZ dfork,a geus ladfyr dh
vkSj fganw laxBukFkZ ml vR;ko;d dk;Z dh uhao ^fganw* kCn dh O;k[;k] mldk fufpr :i vkadus ds fy, ^fganqRo* khkZd xazFk dh
jpuk dhA vaneku ls geus viuk <sj lkjk lkfgR; ?kj Hkstk gh Fkk* mu lHkh dforkvksa esa ls pqu&pqudj gekjs ca/kq us ^deyk*]
^lIrfkZ* rFkk xksekard*1 khkZd dkO; izdkfkr fd,A os izFker% vU; ukeksa ls izdkfkr fd, x,A pkSFkh ^fojgksPN~okl* vkfn QqVdj
dforkvksa dh iqLrd Hkh Ni xbZ FkhA ijarq gekjh vuqifLFkfrok mlesa bruh eqnz.k =qfV;ka jg xbZ fd ml vkq} iqLrd dk izdkku ca n
djuk iM+k vkSj izdkfkr laLdj.k dks Hkh Qsaduk iM+kA ^deyk*] ^xksekard* vkSj êgklkxj*&;s [kaM dkO; ftl izFke ladfYir egkdkO;
ds mikax Lo:i fuekZ.k fd, x, Fks] os mikax thfor jgsA ijarq ml eq[; nsgyrk dk vHkh rd tUe Hkh ugha gqvk] ftlds ;s mikax FksA
,slk gh gS&iz;klksa dk ,slk Hkh gksrk gS&dqN lQy rks dqN vlQy gksrs gh gSaA
bl xzaFk ds ihNs&ihNs gh ^fganRq o*2 uked gekjk vaxzsth esa fy[kk xazFk gekjs Lusgh Jh dsydj ukxiqj us izdkfkr fd;kA
jRukfxjh ds dkjkx`g esa Lo;a dh iqLrd Hkh ugha feyrh FkhA ckn esa Lokeh jkenkl fey x,A muds xzaFk ls&fokskr% ^nklcks/k* rFkk
^LQqV vHkax*393 ckY;dky
93
1- lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7 esa ;s lkjs dkO; ladfyr gSaA

2- lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&6 esa ;g xzaFk lekfoV gSA
3- vHkax&pkj pj.kksoa kyk ejkBh dk ,dek=k o`kA blds izR;sd pj.k esa rhu ls ysdj vkB v{kj rd gksrs gSaA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
467
ls gh xgjk ifjp; FkkA vU; dksbZ iqLrd Hkh ugha FkhA vr% mldks ckj&ckj i<+kA vkxs vkSj iqLrdsa Hkh feyus yxha vkSj ys[ku lkfgR;
Hkh miyC/k gksrk x;kA fQj i<+uk&fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;kA îzFohjktjklks*] ôSfnd bafM;k* nkl vkfn vusd cM+s&cMs+ xazFk vk|ar i<+
fy;sA
ckck dkjkeqDr
,d fnol ,sls gh fdlh ls lekpkj iwNus pyk x;k] rc Kkr gqvk fd ckck vR;ar fparktud fLFkfr esa gSaA dydkk ds ml xfy;kjs
ls mUgsa nwj ys tkus ds Ikpkr~ mudks chtkiqj ds canhx`g esa can fd;k x;kA muls feyus esjs vuqt MkW- lkojdj x, FksA rc mUgsa dgk
x;k fd [kknh dk osk cnysa rks Hkhrj vk ldrs gSaA
gekjs vuqt us og viekutud krZ ugha ekuh vkSj vkanksyu djrs gq, xouZj rd ckr igqapkdj og krZ rqM+okbZA vkf[kj [kknh ds
osk esa gh mUgsa dkjkx`g esa ckck ls feyus fn;k x;kA chtkiqj eas ckck dks cgqr ;kruk,a lguh iM+hA ,d futZu] ohjku ,oa Hk;kud
dksBjh esa] ftldh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh] mUgsa vdsys j[kk x;kA vkxs pydj geus lquk] blh dkjkx`g esa ,d jktcanh ikxy
gks x;k FkkA bl dksBjh dk ckck ds eu ij cgr ?kkrd iz Hkko gksus yxkA vkxs mUgsa vgenkckn194 ys tk;k x;kA ogka ,dkarokl dh
wj ;a=.kk,a dkQh de gks xbZa ijarq lhek ls vf/kd c<+rs muds risfnd dh bruh lh Hkh fpark fdlh us ugha dhA vkf[kj mudh
vR;f/kd Je&lfg.kq nsg dh lgukfDr dks Hkh gkj ekuuh iM+hA os bl foke fLFkfr esa canhx`g ds :X.kky; esa iM+s jgsA ,d jktcanh
ds lkgl ls ;g lekpkj ckgj izdV gksdj lekpkj&i= esa izdkfkr gks x;kA
gekjs vuqt feyus x,295 rks ckck yxHkx vklUu&ej.kkoLFkk esa! ijarq mudk /kS;Z] lkgl es: ds leku vpy!
eq>s ;g lekpkj feyrs gh] eSa lkspus yxk fd vc ckck gkFk ls fudy tk,axsA oSls ge lHkh tkusokys] xeukhy ;k=h gSaA thou rks nks
fnu dh /keZkkyk gSA ijarq ckck vktUe nwljksa ds fy, dV lgrs] f?klrs jgs vkSj vkt ikl esa Lusg ls eq[k esa ty dh cwan Mkyuso kyk
Hkh dksbZ ughaA var esa dkjkx`g us mUgas tks yhyk rks yhykA
gk;! gk;~! Ckkck dks a a a vkf[kj ekj Mkyk] ;a=.kk,a] vR;kpkj nsdj bUgksaus a a a! tku Hkh lkS xquk yhA ks/k ls mQurk eSa elelkrk
jgk! nq%[kosx ls iy Hkj ds fy, lkal ysuk Hkh dfBu gks x;kA ,slh euksnkk esa] fody eu gksrs gh ifjikVh ds
94
95
1- Tkuojh 1922
2- tqykbZ 1922
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
468
vuqlkj fLFkjklu esa kkar cSBk jgkA fpk dks ;FkklaHko lqfLFkj fd;k vkSj fQj vius vkils iwNk] bl rjg tyus&Hkquus ls D;k ykHk\
ckck ;a=ukvksa dk fkdkj gq,A izk;% mudh cfy a a amlus yhA vkxs D;k\ a a a a avkxs kksd ugha izfrkks/k!
fdlh Hkh rjg ls a a a vkSj eqDr gksrs gh a a acl! Ckkck dh e`R;q dk a a aA blds Ikpkr~ mudk Jk} d:axkA fQj vU; nskHkDrksa ds Jk}
Hkh yksx blh rjg djus yxsaxsA196 ;g fup; eu esa fLFkj gks x;kA NviVkgV kkar gks xbZA
FkksMs+ gh fnuksa esa lekpkj feyk& ckck cjh gks x,A eu ckalksa mNyus yxkA pyks eqfDr rks fey xbZA ijarq voLFkk bruh fodV fd
ewfNZr voLFkk esa mUgsa ?kj ykuk iM+kA fQj Hkh fpark ughaA ekku dk [kpZ cpkus ds fy, gh lgh] mUgsa cjh rks fd;kA fdarq ekku dk
O;; djus dk larksk Hkh dgka gekjs ifjokj dh >ksYkh esa iM+usokyk Fkk\ og Hkh ,d lansg gh FkkA mlls Hkyh&;g eqfDr&eqfDr ugha]
cfYd ckck dk iqutZUe gks x;k FkkA bZoj dh dìk rFkk nsk ds lkSHkkX;ok ml nskHkDr dk LokLF; Hkh /khjs&/khjs lq/kj jgk FkkA nsk
Hkj esa izlUurk dh ygj nkSM+ xbZA
bl chp&vkxs&ihNs dqN Lej.k ugha&dkdhukMk dh jkVh; lHkk us Lo;a v/;{k ls esjh eqfDr dk izLrko j[kok;k vkSj loZlEefr ls og
ikfjr gks x;kA vaneku ls eSaus tks jktcanh fok;d lkoZtfud vkanksyu NsM+k Fkk] jkVh; lHkk dk ;g izLrko mldh ifjlhek FkhA esjs
rFkk ml mnkgj.k ds QyLo:i vU; lHkh kafrdkjh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, jkV vkanksyu djs] og bl mn~ns; ls fd u dsoy
mudks oju~ muds dk;Z dks Hkh jkVh; izfrBk izkIr gksrh gSA esjs ca/kq rFkk lHkh jkVHkDrksa dks] tks jktcafn;ksa ls lgkuqH kwfr j[krs Fks]
muds iz;klksa dks bl izLrko ls uSfrd lQyrk fey gh xbZA
lu~ 1921 esa ge vaneku ls jRukfxjh vk, vkSj lu~ 1923 esa gesa jRukfxjh ls ;jonk dkjkx`g esa Hkstk x;kA gesa ,slk izrhr gks jgk
gS fd lu~ tkap dj ns[kus ds fy, le; ugha gSA vktUe dkjkokl ds bl lexz o`kkar ds laca/k esa ;g dg nsuk vko;d gS fd
fufpr Lej.k u jgus ls dkye esa FkksMh+ &cgqr xyrh gksus dh laHkkouk gSA ijarq vf/kd xyr ugha gSA297
vaneku ds lg&dVHkksxh fe=ksa ls HksaV

;jonk esa ;g gekjh nwljh HksaV FkhA izFke HksaV lu~ 1910 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj vc lu~ 1923 esa ;g nwljh HksaVA ml le; ;jonk esa
eqykh lR;kxzg ds jktcanh vkrs&
96
97
1-^mkj f;k* ukVd esa blh Jk} dh ifjdYiuk gSA

2- ;gh lR; gSA ifjfkV esa nh gqbZ ^bfrgkl nfkZdk* nsf[k,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
469
tks jgrs FksA muesa ls db;ksa ij dksM+s cjlk, x, FksA tks FkksM+s yksx ihNs cps Fks] mUgksaus gesa crk;k fd mu yksxksa ij ogka vR;kpkj
fd, x,A blh rjg ogka fla/k] /kkjokM+ ds vusd vlg;ksxh] f[kykQrh fganw vkSj eqlyeku jktcanh Hkh FksA gesa ;g ?kVuk vf/kd
vkp;Ztud izrhr gksrh Fkh fd ogka ij fganqLFkku ljdkj }kjk vaneku ls okil ykx x, gekjs lg&dVHkksxh fe=ksa esa ykgkSj vfHk;ks x
ds dbZ fl[k rFkk vU; jkT;kafrdkjh vktUe dkjkoklh; jktcanh Hkh FksA ge izlUurk ls >we mBs] tSl s vius varjax fiz; lacaf/k;ksa ls
feyu gks jgk gSA gekjs us= lkou&Hkknksa cu x,A iki dk lapkj gksrk rks xqIr kM~;a=ksa dk HkaMk QksM+dj vU; cafn;ksa ds xys es a Qkalh
dk Qank Myokdj geesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d fnu esa gh vius vkidks eqDr dj ldrk FkkA ijarq bl rjg dh dqefr bZoj us fdlh dks Hkh
ugha nhA ;krukvksa ds rhoz vadqk n; esa pqHkrs FksA ijarq mUgas lgrs gq, gBh] vfM+;y gkfFk;ksa dh rjg ge kafrdkjh ,sls izR;sd isp
esa vius&vius eksjps ij MVdj [kM+s Fks fd u ,d ix vkxs j[krs Fks u ihNsA pkjksa vksj ls vlhe vR;kpkjksa ds rhjksa dh ckSNkj
vfojr gks jgh FkhA
bu kafrdkfj;ksa ds laca/k esa mu uokxr vlg;ksxh jktcafn;ksa dh cM+h fod`r /kkj.kk cu xbZ FkhA os vlg;ksxh] tks nks ;k <kbZ okZ dk
naM izkIr djds vk, Fks] muesa dbZ ,sls vuqHkoghu Fks tks FkksMh+ lh lQyrk ij rhlekj [kka cus fQjrs FksA mu kafrdkjh fl[kksa vkfn
jktcafn;ksa ds vkxs] ftUgksaus nl&nl cjl dkysikuh ds dV >sys Fks rFkk lkL= la?kkZ fd;k Fkk] mu iqjkus tq>k: lwjek cafn;ksa esa os
vius nks dkSM+h ds Ms<+ cjl ds naMHkksxh lR;kx`g dh ks[kh c?kkjuk pkgrs rFkk mUgsa dqN u le>rsA
eSaus bu lHkh vK yksxksa dh vka[kksa esa rst vatu Mkyuk vkjaHk fd;kA mUgsa fganw laxBu dk uke Hkh jkV&fo?kkrd izrhr gksrkA mudh
lPph ijarq vR;ar myVh /kkj.kkvksa dk eSa rhoz fuks/k djus yxkA eSa ,d o`{k ij p<+rk& bu jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN dks igjs ij j[kdj
vU; yksx nwljh vksj ds eSnku esa bdV~Bs gksrs vkSj ppkZ vkjaHk gks tkrhA eSa o`{k ij cSBdj vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk jktuhfrd rFkk la xBu
laca/kh ppkZ djrka fQj gesa mu jktcafn;ksaokys fgLls esa gh j[kk x;k A vc rks ge mu uokxr nsk&cka/koksa dks ml le; izrhr gksrh
jktuhfr dh fod`r yxrh] vdkV~; rdZ rFkk bfrgkl ds vk/kkj ij loZFkk frrj&fcrj dj nhA muesa ls vusd foiFkxkeh] vuqHkoghu]
jktuhfr esa vK] ijarq lPps nskHkDr ;qodksa us var esa vaneku dh jkVh; lsuk ds roksa rFkk dk;Ze dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA os vc
mUgha
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
470
fl[k vkfn jktcafn;ksa ds vrqy /kS;Z ,oa jkVh; LokFkZ&R;kx dh ljkguk djds mUgsa mfpr lEeku nsus yxsA
mu uokxr nsk&ca/kqvksa esa fganw laxBu ds fok; esa Hkh vR;ar myVh&iqYkVh /kkj.kk Fkh vkSj os ml vkanksyu dk euks;ksxiwoZd fojks/k djrs
FksA bl laca/k esa muls ppkZ djds] muesa ls izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa dks laxBu ds ro le>kdj ml dk;Z dk iw.kZ leFkZd cuk;k x;kA
eq>s ;jonk yk, tkrs gh blls iwoZ vaneku esa ge ij tks Ik;Zos{kd Fkk vkSj tks blds Ikpkr~ dkjk&Ik;Zos{kd ds in ls mUufr ikdj
vc iatkc ds dkjk foHkkx dk izkarh; Ik;Zos{kd Fkk] ml vf/kdkjh dks gsrqiwoZd gks ;k u gks] iatkc ls cqyokdj ;jonk ds dkjk&Ik;Z os{kd
ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;kA tuJqfr ;g Fkh fd bl lTtu dks esjk vaneku dk o`kkar Kkr gS] blfy, eq>s cjh djus ds izu ij
mldh jk; tkuus ds fy, mls mlh dkjkxkj esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tgka eSa gwaA dqN Hkh gks] mlds ;jonk vkus ij ge jktcafn;ksa
dks] tks vaneku ls okil ykSVs Fks] ,d rjg ls izlUurk gh gqbZ] D;ksafd ml O;fDr dk LoHkko [kqyk] fupy Fkk vkSj og vkneh dks
igpkurk FkkA mlds kkludky esa gesa dbZ ckj vaneku esa gM+rky] izpkj] kM~;a= vkfn vkanksyu djus iM+s] vr% mls ge lHkh dh
[khaprk ugha Fkk fd VwV tkus dh laHkkouk gksA gekjh U;k;iw.kZ ekaxs gn ls c<+us ls iwoZ gh >V ls ekuus dh uhfr mls Lohdkj FkhA
bl vf/kdkjh ds Ik;Zos{kd ds :i esa vkrs gh] mlus eq>s dksBjh ls fudkydj dquSu cspus ds ,d dkj[kkus dk eqf[k;k cuk fn;kA lHkh
ckydksa rFkk vU; deZpkfj;ksa dks] tks ogka Fks] i<+kus dh vuqefr Hkh eq>s nh xbZA jRukfxjh dh rjg eSaus ;jonk esa Hkh xazFkky; lq/kkjus
dh ;kstuk vius gkFk esa yh vkSj [kkldj ejkBh iqLrdksa dh&ftudh fLFkfr cgqr gh xbZ&chrh Fkh vkSj tks dhM+k yxs ,d&nks cDlksa esa
/kwy ls vaVh iM+h Fkh&nkk esa lq/kkj fd;kA bUgha cDlksa dks xazFkky; dk uke fn;k x;k vkSj muesa dkSu lh ubZ iqLrdsa vko;d gSa]
mudh lwph Hkh cukbZA fganh] ejkBh vkfn JsB iqLrdksa dh lwph cukdj geus mUgsa ljdkjh jhfr ls eaxokus dh vuqefr Hkh izkIr dhA
fdarq mlds Ikpkr~ ;g ns[kus ds fy, ge ogka ugha jgs fd os iqLrdsa vkbZ ;k ughaA mlls iwoZ gh gesa eqDr dj fn;k x;k FkkA
;jonk esa kqf}dj.k

;jonk esa vU; vkanksyuksa ds lkFk geus kqf}dj.k izdj.k Hkh gkFk esa fy;k FkkA ml lHkh o`kkarksa ds :i esa ;gka ;g ,d gh egoiw.kZ
kqf} dk laf{kIr ,oa =qfVr
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
471
o.kZu djrs gSaA

ogka ,d eq[;kf/kdkjh enzkl dh vksj ds FksA eSaus tc mUgsa izFker% ns[kk rks egkk; u[k&fu[k ;wjksfi;u osk&Hkwkk esa e<+s gq , Fks vkSj
Lo;a dks bZlkbZ dgykus esa ,d rjg dk vkRexkSjo le>rs FksA ijarq muds eu esa /keZ&fok;d Hkkouk izcy gks xbZ Fkh vkSj os fganw
cuuk pkgrs FksA mudk fookg Hkh bZlkbZ lekt esa gh laiUUk gqvk FkkA ckY;koLFkk esa ,d&nks bZlkbZ fe=ksa ds ?kj Hkkstu djus ls fganw
czk.kksa us mUgas cfgd`r dj fn;k FkkA bl laiw.kZ dkaM dh ppkZ gksrs&gksrs mudk fganw gksuk fufpr gks x;kA ijarq fganw /keZ esa okil
ykSVrs gh] tks u;k ?kj cukuk Fkk] mldh x`fg.kh dk vf/kdkj laHkkyus ds fy, fdls <wa<+k tk,\ mudh og bZlkbZ izFke iRuh rks muls
yxHkx fjDr gks xbZ FkhA rc os cacbZ esa esjs vuqt ds ikl x, vkSj fganw fekujh laLFkk esa mudk kqf}dj.k fufpr gks x;kA cacbZ esa
gh muls ifjfpr ,d bZlkbZ ifjpkfjdk ulZ Fkh tks muds lkFk fganw gksus ds fy, rS;kj gks xbZA og Hkh vfookfgr gh FkhA ;fn ml
efgyk ds u, ?kj dks x`gifr dh vko;drk Fkh] rks bUgsa x`fg.kh dhA vFkkZr~ ekax vkSj iwfrZ dks ijLij O;kogkfjd :i nsrs gq, nksuksa
dh kqf} rFkk fookg ,d gh fnu esa laiUu fd;k x;kA ;g vf/kdkjh egjk; viuh fganw L=h ds lkFkk ftl fnu ;jonk okil ykSVs]
mlh fnu og foyk;rh Vksih vn`; gks xbZ vkSj laiw.kZ nslh ifjosk /kkj.k djds vorh.kZ gq,] ekuks iq.ks dk dksbZ czk.kA muds }kj ds
vkxs jaxksyh ltkbZ tkus yxhA ?kj esa ekFks ij fcanh rFkk x`gifr ds yykV ij fryd txexkus yxkA
^^vth] gesa vc vius fganw vkpkjkuqlkj vkSj dkSu lk laLdkj djuk gksxk\** ml vf/kdkjh us iwNkA
^^vkSj dqN ugha**] geus galdj mkj fn;k] ^^gka] vc lR;kukjk;.k dh dFkk djk Mkyks fd lcdqN gks x;kA**
mlds vuqlkj mUgksaus lR;ukjk;.k dh dFkk djkbZA ml le; izlkn xzg.k djus ds fy, lHkh dkfjanksa] flikfg;ksa] xzkeLFkksa ds eu igys
gh rS;kj dj fy, x, FksA lR;ukjk;.k dh dFkk lquus ds fy, lHkh yksxksa dks vkrs ns[kdj ml lTtu dks] tks iPphl cjl ls fganw
lekt ls fcNqMk+ gqvk Fkk] fookl gks x;k fd fganw lekt us mUgsa lpeqp viuk fy;k gSA muds enzkl fLFkr ifjokj dks i= Hksts x,A
ml fganwd`r nairh dh x`gLFkh fganw /kekZuqlkj lq[k&larksk ls O;rhr gksus dk lekpkj gesa cjlksa rd ckj&ckj feyrk jgkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
472
izFke jktuhfr] vU;Fkk lektdk;Z

;jonk ds os Ik;Zos{kd] ftudk geus ihNs mYys[k fd;k Fkk] igys vaneku esa Ik;Zos{kd Fks vkSj gesa ;jonk yk, tkus ds ckn mUgsa Hkh
iatkc ls ;jonk yk;k x;k Fkk] gels ckj&ckj iwNrs&eqDr gksus ds Ikpkr~ vki D;k djsaxs \ ge Hkh mUgsa ogh fufpr mkj nsrs&ftu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ge cjh gksaxs] mUgha ij gekjh Hkfo; dh xfrfof/k;ka fuHkZj gksaxhA bl mkj dh vf/kd ppkZ pyrh rc ge dgrs dh
;fn ge fcuk krZ cjh gks x, rks jktuhfr esa Hkjiwj fgLlk ysaxAs ijarq fdl izdkj dh jktuhfr\ ;g Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj jgsxkA
;fn vkt fn, x, vf/kdkjksa ds Qy ls Hkfo;dkyhu vf/kdkjksa ds cht mRiUu gksrs x,] mUgksaus tM+ idM+h vkSj blh ijaijk ls lq/kkjksa
ds fodkl mRkafr gksrh jgh rks ge vius izfr;ksxh rokuq:i kkar rFkk oS/k ekxZ ls jktuhfr pyk,axAs ;fn dqN fnuksa ds fy, jktuhfr
esa fgLlk ysus ds fy, eq> ij jksd yxkbZ xbZ rks dqN vjkuhfrd dk;kZsZ esa gh og vof/k O;rhr djsaxsA dkjkx`g eas jgrs gq, tks djuk
laHko gks ldk] mlls dqN vf/kd izR;{k lsok ekr`Hkwfe dh djuk laHko gks] bl izdkj dh krZsa Lohdkj djds vius vkidks eqDr djuk
izfr;ksxh uhfr ls gh ugha vfirq lekt fgr dh n`fV ls Hkh gekjk ije drZO; gSA
blls iwoZ tc ge vaneku ea Fks rc Hkh bl izdkj dh ppkZ,a cMs+&cM+s vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gksrh FkhA geus ogka Hkh ;gh mkj fn, FksA ijarq
muesa ls dqN Hkh ugha fudyk FkkA vr% eSaus ;g vkkk j[kh gh ugha fd ppkZ ls dqN fudysxkA ,d vksj ge ;FkklaHko eqfDr dk iz;kl
dj jgs Fks] nwljh vksj ;g ekudj fd eqfDr vlaHko gS&dkjkokl esa gh ;FkklaHko nsklsok dj jgs FksA
ijarq ,d fnu vius fuR; ds isVnnZ rFkk vip fodkj ls =Lr gksdj eSa :X.kky; x;k FkkA rc ,d fooluh; vf/kdkjh }kjk eq>s
lwfpr fd;k x;k fd ,d&nks fnu esa cacbZ ds xoZuj nks&rhu mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk vkils feyus vk jgs gSaA
blls iwoZ vaneku esa fganqLFkku ljdkj ds x`gea=h gkse esacj vkfn vf/kdkjh vkrs vkSj gels jktuhfr ij ppkZ Hkh djrsA ijarq bl
rjg dh HksaVksa ls Hkh eqfDr dk izu gy ugha gqvk FkkA eSaus ;gh ekuk Fkk fd ogh xfr bl HksaV dh Hkh gksxhA ijarq eSa fdl rjg dh
eqfDr pkgrk gwa] ;g blls igys Hkh dbZ ckj ljdkj dks lwfpr fd;k x;k Fkk&Bhd mlh izdkj dh krZsa vc Hkh eSa Lohdkj djus ds
fy, rS;kj gwaw] ;g Hkh ljdkj dks crkus ds ckn] tSls blls igys vusd ckj Lohd`r fok;d vlarksk O;Dr fd;k x;k Fkk] ij oSlk
ugha gqvk vkSj xoZuj egkk; us dqy feykdj larksk gh O;Dr fd;kA blds Ikpkr~ jktuhfr fok;d ppkZ gqbZA mlesa Hkh mUgha erksa dh
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
473
iqu:fDr jgh] tks eSaus blls iwoZ dbZ ckj fyf[kr rFkk ekSf[kd :i esa dh FkhA dgk fd ^tc fdlh Hkh izdkj kkar vFkok oS/k ekxZ
viukdj gekjs jkV dh jktuhfrd vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ gksus dh laHkkouk ksk ugha jgs] rc kafrdkjh ekxZ dh vksV rFkk Hkhk.k taxyksa
ls jkg fudyrs gq, vkxs c<+us dks gesa ck/; gksuk iM+sxkA ijarq ;fn orZeku lq/kkjksa dh mi;ksfxrk ls vkxkeh lq/kkjksa dh izkfIr vkSj
mlesa ls Hkfo;dkyhu izxfr dh laHkkouk&bl izdkj oS/k fodkl laHko gks rks gekjs kafrdkjh vkanksyu Hkh ftu roksa ij [kM+s fd, x,
Fks] mu izfr;ksxh roksa dh rjg lgkZ kkar rFkk oS/k ekxZ dk gh voyacu djsaxsA blds vfrfjDr mu lq/kkjksa dk izfr;ksxh i}fr ls
jkVfgrkFkZ ikskd Lo:i esa ;FkklaHko ykHk mBk,axsA*
ijarq gekjs bu opuksa ij dgka rd fuHkZj jgk tk ldrk gSA ljdkj bl laca/k esa gh iwoZ dh rjg lkafdr FkhA
rks dqN vof/k rd&jktuhfr&izR;{k orZeku jktuhfr esa ge Hkkx ugha ysaxsA dkjkxkj esa Hkh jktuhfr esa izR;{k Hkkx ugha ys ldrs] ijarq
ckgj jktuhfr ds vfrfjDr fk{kkRed] /kkfeZd] lkfgR; vkfn {ks=ksa esa jkV dh ukukof/k lsok dh tk ldrh gSA ;q} esa idM+s x,
lsukifr dks tc rd ;q} py jgk gS] ^/kjhuk eh kL= dnule;h ;k futdjh*&bl izdkj ;nqdqy ohj dh rjg izfrKk djokbZ tkus ij]
ml vfHkopu ij On Parole eqDr fd;k gh tkrk gSA ml ;nqdqy ohjor~ jktuhfrK lsukuh us izR;{k kL=&laUlkl ysus ds fy,
ck/; fd, tkus ij Hkh jkV dk;Z esa mldk de&ls&de lkjF; rks dj lds] blfy, bl rjg dh krsZa ekU; djus esa Hkh fdlh rjg
dk vieku ugha le>k] oju~ ,slk djuk gh viuk rRdkyhu drZO; le>kA
bl rjg fopkj djrs gq, blls iwoZ vaneku esa tc {keknku ls lSadM+ksa kafrdkfj;ksa ds cjh gksus dk le; vk;k rc mUgsa mi;qZDr krZ
dks fyf[kr Lohd`fr nsus dh lykg nh Fkh vkSj mUgha krkZas ij gLrk{kj djrs gq, os lSdM+ksa jktcanh cjh gks x, FksA
vr% bl krZ ds fok; esa dksbZ egoiw.kZ dfBukbZ ugha FkhA blh krZ ij blls iwoZ gesa cjh ugha fd;k x;k&bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd
bl krZ ds lkFk gh vrhr esa gekjs kafrdkjh vkanksyu fdl rjg gq,] mlesa dkSu Fkk] fdruh rS;kjh Fkh vkfn tkudkjh nsus dk ladsr
fd;k tkrkA ijarq ^vrhr ls lacaf/kr ,d Hkh kCn u iwNk tk,] u gh O;Dr fd;k tk,A vrhr dh ?kVuk,a tks ,d ckj eqgjcan gks xbZ
lks gk xbZA vc vxyk dfg,A* vius bl fu.kkZ;d opu dk geus dM+kbZ ds lkFk mPpkj.k fd;k] fQj Hkh bl le; rd xoZuj
egkk; us eqfDr dh ppkZ can ugha dhA var esa dsoy ôrZeku jktuhfr esa dqN fufpr vof/k rd vkids fy, jksd j[kh tk,*
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
474
rFkk gesa LFkkuc} j[kk tk,] bu ^nks krksaZ ij vkidh eqfDr dk eSa ;FkklaHko iz;kl d:axk vkSj uokxr xoZuj lj ysLyh foYlu ds
lkeus ;g fok; izLrqr d:axkA* bl izdkj dk vkoklu nsrs gq, xoZuj lj tkWtZ bV vkSj muds eaf=eaMy ds vU; vf/kdkjh pys
x,A ppkZ ds nkSjku mUgkasus dHkh&dHkh gekjs fy, vR;ar vknj;qDr mn~xkj fudkys FksA gekjs dkjkxkjh; Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh gesa cjh djus
ds fy, muls izcy vuqjks/k fd;k FkkA
bl ppkZ ds Ikpkr~ iqu% cgqr le; chr x;k rks geus lkspk&fiNyh ckrphr ds leku ;g ppkZ Hkh kwU; esa foyhu gks xbZ gSA
fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj ge vius dkjkxkjh; dk;Ze ;Fkkor~ pykus yxsA tSlsfd ihNs dgk gS] ogka ds jktcafn;ksa esa ,sls vusd uokxr]
tks vlg;ksx vkanksyu dh /kka/kyh esa gky gh esa jktuhfr esa izfoV gq, Fks] mu cafn;ksa dks ,sfrgkfld jkT;kafr dh rFkk jktuhfrd
kafr dh jkh Hkj Hkh tkudkjh ugha FkhA ijarq muesa ls vusd cM+s gh lPps ;qod Fks] tks nskHkfDr ls izsfjr gksdj vk, FksA mUgsa fiNyh
jkT;kafr ds bfrgkl dk cks/k gks] blfy, geus ,d O;k[;kuekyk kq: dhA ,d ckj lHkh fganw&eqlyeku jktcafn;ksa dks ,df=r djds
^,drk* dh okLrfod O;k[;k ,oa fganqLFkku ds lafo/kku dh ppkZ djokbZ FkhA mu eqlyekuksa esa dqN ukeoj usrk Fks vkSj ml le;
xka/khth dk Hkh iM+ksl dh nhokj ds ikj okLro FkkA muds er ds yksx] tks muds ikl&vkrs jgrs ] gesa lwpuk nsrs jgrs FksA ge mudh
ml vlg;ksxh er&iz.kkyh rFkk f[kykQr ds ?kkrd varjax dk lrr fuks/k dj jgs FksA
blh O;k[;kuekyk esa ml fnu enuyky /khaxjk ds pfj= ij esjk O;k[;ku FkkA izkr% lHkh vfHkuo Hkkjrh; ;qodksa ds] tks Qkalh ij p<+ s
Fks rFkk iaprRo esa foyhu gks x, Fks] pfj=ksa ij ogka ij O;k[;ku fn, x,A uokxr jktcafn;ksa dk muds izfr vknj fnu nwuk jkr
pkSxquk c<+ jgk FkkA enuyky dkaM lquus ds fy, yxHkx ipkl&ipiu canh ml dksBjh esa rFkk cjkens esa bdV~Bs cSBs FksA nwljh vksj
dgha vf/kdkjh rks ugha vk jgs] bldh Vksg ysrs gq, fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj igjs cSBk, x, FksA enuyky ds lkgl Hkjs dk;Z ds o.kZu
lqudj mu jktcafn;ksa ds kjhj esa jksekap gks jgk FkkA
brus esa igjs ij rSukr fe=kksa us Hkkxs&Hkkxs vkdj lwfpr fd;k] ^QkVd [kqyus dh vkokt vk jgh gS] dksbZ vk jgk gSA* ns[krs&ns[krs
yksx b/kj&m/kj gks x,A viuh&viuh bekjrksa vkSj dksBfj;ksa esa tkdj os lkal ys gh jgs Fks fd ,d lktZsaV us eq>s cqyk;kA eq>s iz/kku
dk;kZy; esa yk;k x;kA Ik;Zos{kd ds lkFk iqu% eqfDr dh ppkZ gksus yxhA geus dgk] ^^bl izdkj dh ppkZ ls eSa c x;k gwaA eqfDr dk
ij
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
475
ls vknsk vk;k gks rks bldk dqN mYys[k djsaA** mlus dgk] ^^th gka] vkidh eqfDr dh bl ppkZ esa ljdkj us viuh krsZa j[kus dk
fup; fd;k gSA**
geus dgk] ^^HkbZ] ge lkr&vkB okksaZ ls dg jgs gSa fd os krsZ gesa Lohdkj gSaA rks fQj ;g >a>V D;ksa\**
eqfDr dh krkZsa dk izk:i

mUgkasus >V ls dkxt fudkydj krksaZ dk izk:i cuk;k vkSj lkFk esa ljdkj ls izkIr ,d fyf[kr O;Dr statement gekjs lkeus j[kkA
geus i<+kA ^csVlZ ke vaneku* khkZd iqLrd esa izdkfkr lu~ 1920 ds vius i= 98 dk mYys[k djrs gq, geus dgk fd oSlk o.kZu
djus ds fy, ge rS;kj gSaA ijarq ij ls vk, gq, bl oDrO; esa FkksM+k&cgqr ifjorZu fd;k tk, rks og gekjs dFku ls feyrk&tqyrk
gks tk,xkA gesa dgk x;k] ^^vki gh fyf[k,] tks fy[kuk gSA ijarq vR;ko;d nks&pkj kCn gh tks Ms+ tk,a] ftlls bruk vlaHkkO; la;ksx]
lqugjk volj] cuk&cuk;k ;g [ksy u fcxM+sA** Ik;Zos{kd us ,slh lgkuqHkwfriwoZd viuh bPNk izdV dhA
geus oDrO; fy[kkA mlesa vk;ksftr eq[; us ;g dgdj fd og dFku iznh?kZ gks jgk gS] mlesa iqu% dkV&NkaV dhA geus oDrO; esa tks
kCn vk;ksftr fd,] mudk vFkZ ij mYysf[kr vaneku ls Hksts lu~ 1920 ds i= esa fd;k gSA Ik;Zos{kd us vfHkopu fn;k fd oSlk gh
ekuk tk,xkA vr% geus mu miokD;ksa dk dkV fn;k vkSj og oDrO; ij Hkstk x;kA ge iqu% viuh dksBjh esa vk x,A
vcdh ckj eqfDr ds vklkj fn[kus yxsA jktcanh rFkk vU; lHkh gkZeXu gq,A ijarq eSa iqu%&iqu% vius vkidks rFkk mUgsa lpsr djrk]
^îzk;% eqfDr feysxh] ijarq mlh ij fuHkZj u jgs]a esjs thou esa vusd /kks[ks gq, gSaA**
98
nsf[k,] lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&5] i`- 455 ls 91
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
476
izdj.k&13
vktUe dkjkokl dh vafre jkf=

vktUe dkjkokl naM ds dkjkx`g esa og esjh vafre jkf= FkhA ml jkr ;g fufpr :i ls rks ugha dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd og vafrd
jkf= gS] ijarq vc fufpr fd;k tk jgk gS f dog vafrd jkf= FkhA ;fn ;g jkr esjs dkjkxkjh; thou dh vafrd] de&ls&de
vktUe dkjkokl ds naM dh vafrd a a ajkf= gks rks vgk gk! dy bl le; ,slh funzk] ftl ij okWMZj dk igjk ugha gks] ,slh LoPNan
funzk fdlh dejs esa a a a ftldh f[kMfd;ka [kqyh gksaxh] ,sls fdlh LoPN pkanuh fcNs dejs esa gksxhA
ijarq ;fn ;g vafrd jkf= u gks rks\ u lghA de&ls&de bl thou dh tks vafre jkf= gksxh] og rks bl canhkkyk dh vafre jkf=
gksxh u\
ml jkr dM+kds dh lnhZ FkhA tuojh dk eghuk] fQj Hkh okkZ dh tksjnkj >M+h yx xbZA gekjs vks<+kou gekjs fy, Ik;kZIr ugha gksrs FksA
nks dacy dM+kds ds ml tkMs+ ds fy, iwjs ugha iM+rs FksA nks tkaf?k,] nks dqjrs] ,d ds ij ,d iguus ij Hkh lnhZ yxrhA ij diM+k
vkSj Fkk gh ugha vkSj ;g cj[kk dh >M+hA fiNokM+s dh nhokj dh f[kM+dh ls Qqgkjksa dh lrr ckSNkj gks jgh Fkh] ftlls dksBjh esa lksuk
vlaHko lk gks x;kA diM+s Hkhx x,] vr% ,d dksus esa kjhj dh xBjh cukdj v/kHkhxs oL= yisVdj] nqcddj cSB x;kA mlh lnhZ esa
>idh ysrs&ysrs ikS QVhA
canhkkyk esa bl rjg dksus esa xBjh cudj] nqcddj >ifd;ka ysrs] a?krs gq, dbZ jkrsa fcrkbZ FkhA ijarq ;g vafrd jkf= gksus ls foksk
Lej.k jghA
losjs fuR; dk dk;Ze pykA ihNs enuyky /khaxjk ds pfj= dk tks O;k[;ku vk/kk&v/kwjk NksM+ fn;k Fkk] mls iwjk djus ds fy,
[kM+s&[kM+s gh nl&ikap jktcafn;ksa dks og mkjk/kZ lquk jgk Fkk] D;ksafd ml fnu lc yksx ksa dh xksBh djds O;k[;ku nsus dk volj ugha
feyk FkkA
brus esa dk;kZy; ls Ik;Zos{kd dk cqykok vk x;kA mlds lkFk&lkFk ogka ds
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
477
fdlh fooluh; vf/kdkjh dk lansk Hkh vk;k fd vki cjh gks x,A
esjs lg;ksxh] lg&dVHkksxh rFkk lgpj cus mu fe=ksa ds&ftuds lkFk eSaus vaneku ds dVe; thou ds dbZ cjl xqtkjs&us=ksa esa
vkuankJq Nydus yxsA ijarq gekjs\ gekjs us=ksa rFkk eu esa bldk Hk; FkjFkjkus yxk fd dgha bu fe=ksa dks canhx`g esa gh NksM+dj rks ge
eqDr u gks tk,axs\ mUgksaus esjk gkfnZd vfHkuanu fd;kA os esjs xys yx x,A lkB&lkB cjl ds os o`} fl[k ca/kq] ^ckcwth] vkb,!
Ckcwth] gesa Hkwy er tkuk] ^dgrs Lusfgy vknj ds lkFk gesa viuh ckagksa esa Hkjus yxs] ^^vki gels lkr&vkB cjl igys dkykikuh
>sy vk, gSa] fQj D;k gqvk ;fn vki igys cjh gks x,\ vkidh eqfDr gh gekjh eqfDr gSA vkidh eqfDr ls gekjh eqfDr dk ekxZ [kqy
x;k gSA de&ls&de viuh fiz;re ekr`Hkwfe dh eqfDr dk ekxZ rks dqN vak esa fufpr gh [kqy x;k gSA**
geus dgk] ^^vkxs nsf[k,] bZoj dSlh kfDr iznku djrk gSA ijarq ca/kqvksa] ,d ckr dh xokgh vki nsaxs gh f dbl canhkkyk dh
;krukvksa ds tcM+s esa njnjkrs jgdj eSaus tks ckjg cjl O;rhr fd,] muesa ls bl vafrd iy esa Hkh eSa vkils mlh /;s; ds leFkZu
esa] mlh /;s; dks ikus ds fy, la?kkZjr a a a a A
^^tc ;g Hk;adj naM ?kksfkr gqvk rc esjs gkasBkas ij tks t;?kksk fFkjd jgk Fkk ogh t;?kksk vius lkjs Hk; rFkk ;krukvksa ij Lo;a dks
cfy p<+krs&p<+krs vkt Fkddj pwj gksdj Lo;a csgksk gksrs gq, esjs vkSj rqEgkjs gksaBksa ij yjt jgk gSA cksyks] cksyks] Lora=rk Yk{eh dh
t;!**
ge lHkh us Lora=rk Yk{eh dh t;&t;dkj dh vkSj ,d&nwljs ls fonk yhA dk;kZy; esa vkrs gh Ik;Zos{kd us eqfDr dk vknsk i<+kA 199
ikap okksaZ rd jktuhfr esa Hkkx ugha ysuk vkSj jRukfxjh ftys esa gh LFkkukc} jgukA ;s nks izeq[k krsZa r; dh xbZ FkhA mlesa
chuus&pquus dk izu ugha FkkA eq>ls dgk x;k] ^vkt gh dgha Hkh u :drs gq, vkidks jRukfxjh ds fy, fudyuk gksxk* a a a vkSj
canhoku ds diM+s mrkjdj ?kjsyw oL= iguus dh vkKk nh xbZA vktUe dkjkokl dh ;g vafre vkKk FkhA 2100
cacbZ ds Mksaxjh dkjkxkj eas lu~ 1911 esa ?kj ds oL= mrkjs FksA vkt lu~ 1924 esa mUgsa iqu% /kkj.k fd;kA
fpk dks ,d fok..k fojke] dqN mnkl izlUurk gks jgh FkhA ml i;Zos{kd us mnkj rFkk ljy eu ls esjk vfHkuanu fd;k vkSj fuNy
Hkko ls psrkouh nh]
99
100
1- 6 tuojh] lu~ 1924

2- Hkkoh thou esa mUgsa lu~ 1934 esa ianzg fnu] 1941 esa nks fnu] 1948 esa ,d okZ rFkk 1950 esa lkS fnu dk dkjkokl feyk
FkkA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
478
^^vc vius vkidks laHkkyukA** ^vc vius vkidks laHkkyuk* kCnksa esa gh esjs eu ds gkZ dh mnklh dk dkj.k fNik FkkA
dk;kZy; ds esjs lkjs nskcq/ka] canh rFkk dfuB ls ysdj mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa rd] lHkh us eq>s ?ksj fy;kA mUgks aus dgk] ^îzHkq jkepanz dh
rjg vkius pkSng cjl cuokl Hkqxr fy;kA /kU; gks! vkt gekjk jkV Qwyk ugha lek,xkA**
ml izsee; Lokxr dks Lohdkj djrs gq, eq>ls ;g dgs fcuk ugha jgk x;k] ^îjarq ,d vR;ar egoiw.kZ deh =qfV bl rqyuk ls vki
lHkh ds eu esa pqHkuh pkfg, fd a a izHkq jkepanz us a a afd;kA1101 geus cuokl rks Hkqxr fy;k a a aijarqA og dk;Z gksus ls gh okLrfod
cuokl dk var gksxkA ;fn bZoj dh dìk gks rks ,d fnu og dk;Z Hkh xkS.k dk;Z ds leku lQy gksxk**1022
eq>s ys tkus ds fy, esjs fudV laca/kh vk, FksA dkjkx`g dk }kj [kqy x;kA eSa ckgj fudy iM+k] tkus dSlh&dSlh ;qfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj
ckgj fudykA canhkkyk ds rkys dh pkHkh ds Nsn ls ckgj fudykA
rks var esa eSa NwV gh x;kA {k.k Hkj ds fy, vkl&ikl ns[kkA eu&gh&ed dgk&vktUe dkjkokl ls eqDr gks x;k&ij D;k dgk tk, a a
aA canhx`g dks lnk ds fy, jke&jke dgus dk le; vHkh ugha vk;k gS( mldh iwjh igpku NksM+uk Bhd ughaA eklsZfyl esa Hkh blh rjg
,d ckj NwV x;k Fkk&f[kld x;k FkkA ;g eqfDr Hkh mlh rjg dh ugha gksxh] ;g dSls dgk tk,\
bl rjg fe=ksa ls ckrsa djrs] eqldqjkrs eksVj esa cSB x;kA mldk batu ?kj?kjk;k] ifg, fgys vkSj vkthou dkjkokl dh lhek dk
mYya?ku djrs gq, mlus gesa thou dh lhek esa iqu% ykdj NksM+ fn;kA
thou dh ml lhek esa iqu% ix j[krs gh esjs iwjs jkV us Hkko&foHkksj gksdj Lokxr ds d`rKkiwoZd Lusfgy vkfyaXu esa eq>s iy Hkj ds
fy, vkRefoLe`r dj fn;kA izFke fnol esa gh eSa vius ?kj ij fcYdqy lgt gks x;kA muds ^Hkys ohj* dgdj esjh ihB FkiFkikrs gh
bl vkthou dkjkokl dh ;krukvksa ds xgjs&ls&xgjs reke ?kko Hkj x,] mlls lacaf/kr ksk cph dsoy mldh ^vaneku dh Le`fr;ka*A
,rnFkZ ^Qkalh dh fokkDr Nk;k kjhj ij iM+rs gh mldk gykgy;qDr Mad lgus dh kfDr vk tk,*&nsoh dh ftl ewfrZ&kfDr dk geus
bl xazFkkjaHk esa vku fd;k Fkk] vc mls mlds d`rK vkHkkj esa bl le; vLFkk;h :i esa folftZr djrs gSaA
101
102
1- jko.k dk o/k djds lhrk&eqfDr dk dk;Z fd;kA geus cuokl rks Hkqxrk] ij vaxsztksa dk jkT; ge uV ugha dj ldsA
2- vkxs pydj Lora= Hkkjr Hkh lkojdj us ns[k fy;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
479
izdj.k&14
fiz; ikBd!
;g vkthou dkjkokl lekIr gks x;kA ,d D;k] nks vkthou dkjkoklksa dh bfrJh gks xbZA mudh Le`fr;ka êsjk vkthou dkjkokl* bl
xzaFk eas Lka{ksi esa rFkk VwVh&QwVh lax`ghr dh gSaA
bl txr~ esa tUe ysrs gh dky ds dkysikuh ij Hksts tkrs le; gesa tks cM+k vkthou dkjkokl feyk] mldh Le`fr dk ;g ^vkthou
dkjkokl* ek= ,d v/;k; gS] ek= ,d foHkkx gSA Hkxoku~ djs ftl egku~ ozr ds vuqBku esa ;g êsjk vkthou dkjkokl* lekIr
gqvk] mlh esa og ^vkthou dkjkokl* Hkh lekIr gksA
eqfDr fey xbZ&iSjkas dh yksgs dh csfM+;ka VwV xbZA ijarq eu esa f?kjh gqbZ] mlls tdM+h gqbZ dkeuk] bPNk&vfHkykkk dh csMh+ ugha VwVhA
canhx`g dh iRFkj dh nhokj ds ckgj eSa [kM+k jgk] ijarq r`.kk ds f{kfrt dk nqYkZa?; ijdksVk vHkh Hkh vkRek dks can fd, [kM+k gSA
fiz; ikBd! ;g mck deZdFkk fy[krs gq, eq>s ftruk dV gqvk vkSj ogh&ogh o.kZu djrs&djrs eSa ftruk mdrk x;k] mruk
ckj&ckj dgs tkus vkSj lquus ls vki Hkh mdrk x, gSa u! ;fn gka] rks og bl xzaFk dh lQyrk gS] D;ksafd ,d fu esa gh i<+h
ldusokyh bruh laf{kIr dFkk Hkh vkidks bruh mdrkgV Hkjh vkSj vlR; vkSj Loknghu yxrh jgh] mlh vkthou dkjkokl
{k.k&{k.k fxurs] mlds pkSng okZ izR;{kr% thrs gq,] gekjs Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa dks og fdruh mdrk nsusokyh] fuLlkj vkSj vlguh;
gksxh] bldh vki Hkh dqN dYiuk dj gh ik, gksaxs] ,slk dgk tk ldrk gSA
gh
tk
ds
gqbZ
fiz; ikBd! vc ge pyrs gSaA pyrs&pyrs bruh lh fouez izkFkZuk bl VwVh&QwVh ys[kuh ls Hkh fd, fcuk ugha tkrk fd ftlus bl
mck mdrkgV Hkjh dFkk ls Hkh u crs gq, drZO; le>dj bls var rd viuh Nkrh ls yxk;k] tks
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
480
ml Hk;adj vfXu&ijh{kk esa ty x, vkSj tks tyrs&tyrs Hkh tyk, u tk ldus ds dkj.k mlesa ls ckgj fudy vk,]
mudh ;g Le`fr vki dHkh foLe`r djukA Hkfo; eas vkxs&ihNs vkidks gh bldk ykHk gksxk a a A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
481
ifjfkV
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds dkjkx`g dh

bfrgkl&nfkZdk
êsjk vkthou dkjkokl* khkZd xazFk ds ys[kd fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds vaneku ds canh&dky dh bfrgkl&nfkZdk Jail History
Ticket muds vius pfj= ys[ku ds fy, fy[ks dkxtksa esa izkIr gqbZ FkhA
cacbZ izkklu us ^Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vkanksyu ds bfrgkl ds lk/ku* Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement
in India, Vol. II lu~ 1985 esa izdkfkr dhA mlds f}rh; [kaM] i`B 478 ls 81 rd esa lkojdj dh bfrgkl&nfkZdk gSA mldh
rFkk ohj lkojdj ds dkxtksa esa muds T;sB ca/kq ckckjko lkojdj }kjk fyf[kr bfrgkl&nfkZdk&nksuksa nfkZdkvksa dh rqyuk djds ge
;g nfkZdk izLrqr dj jgs gSaA x`g foHkkx us tks iqjkus dkxt tru ls j[ks gSa] muesa - D.D. Specit Vol. No. 60 (DF Page 27) esa
blls vf/kd foLr`r nfkZdk gSA mlls ;g fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd vkxs lu~ 1914 ds ckn lk/kkj.kr% izR;sd rhu&pkj fnuksa ds Ikpkr~ ohj
lkojdj dks i<+us ds fy, ubZ iqLrd nh tkrh Fkh] bldh vusd fVIif.k;ka ml nfkZdk esa gSaA ml nfkZdk esa ;g Hkh fn;k gS fd mUgksaus
fdl fnu iqLrd ugha yhA oSls fVIif.k;ka vusd gSa] ijarq mUgsa bl xzaFk esa lekfgr djus dh kklu dh vuqefr izkIr djuk vlaHko gksus
ls bl bfrgkl&nfkZdk esa mudk lekosk ugha gSA ksk nfkZdk vkxs izLrqr dj jgs gSa
&cky lkojdj
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
482
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj bfrgkl&nfkZdk History Ticket
canh -32778 oxZ&lh 3 canhx`g - 2 vafre rYyk
fnukad
fooj.k
24-12-1990
izFke vkthou dkjkokl naMA
30-1-1911
nwljk vkthou dkjkokl naMA
17-6-1911
vaneku izLFkkukFkZ êgkjktk* ty;ku ij p<+ukA
4-7-1911
vaneku dkjkx`g esa izoskA
4-7-1911
izfrfnu ,d ikSaM fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;kA
15-7-1911
Ng ekg ds fy, dksBjh esa canA
1-8-1911
jLlh cVus dk dke fn;kA
14-8-1911
ch-,- dh mikf/k jn~n dhA fk{kk lfpo dk i=A
16-8-1911
pkSng fnuksa ds fy, gkFk dksYgwA
29-8-1911
eq[; vk;qDr dks NwV nsus dk fuosnuA
3-9-1911
fuosnu vLohdkjA
6-12-1911
,d vkus dk flDdk] dkxt+] isafly lkFk j[kus ds vijk/k esa psrkouhA
15-1-1912
dkydksBjh ls Ng eghus ckn ckgj fudkykA
9-5-1912
fcuk vuqKk ds nwljksa dks fy[kk i= vkSj ys[ku ds fy, vko;d dkxt+A
11-6-1912
isafly vkfn lkexzh cjkenA bl vijk/k ds fy, ,d eghuk ,dkar dksBjhA
11-7-1912
dksBjh ls fudkykA
7-9-1912
nwljs canh dks fy[kk gqvk i= ikl feykA
10-9-1912
mi;qZDr vijk/k ds fy, lkr fnuksa dh [kM+h gkFkcsM+hA
18-9-1912
[kM+h gkFkcsM+h iw.kZA
29-10-1912
lksyg eghus rd dkydksBjh esa ln~O;ogkj ds dkj.k ogka ls fudkyus

ds fy, canhiky dh ofjBksa dks lwpukA
4-11-1912
ofjBksa us lwpuk jn~n dhA
22-11-1912
nwljs canh }kjk fy[kk gqvk i= ikl esa feykA
23-12-1912
,dkarokl ls eqfDrA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
483
30-12-1912
iwjs fnu vUu&xzg.k vLohdkjA
31-12-1912
vUu&xzg.k vLohdkj
1-1-1913
fQj oghA
2-1-1913
izkr% vUu&xzg.k fd;kA
18-2-1913
jLlh dk dkeA
2-8-1913
:eky cjken :eky ikl j[kuk vijk/kA
25-8-1913
mi;qZDr vijk/kkFkZ MkaVA
14-11-1913
x`g foHkkx ds ekuuh; lnL; us vkosnu&i= fy[kus dh vuqKk nhA
14-11-1913
oS|dh; v/kh{kd dks pkj cts vkosnu HkstkA
16-11-1913
lj jsthukWYM kWMkd ds vkxs [kM+k fd;kA
16-12-1913
dke djus ls iw.kZ bUdkjA
17-12-1913
mi;qZDr vijk/kkFkZ ,d eghuk ,dkarokl dk naM] dke ugha] iqLrd ughaA
17-1-1914
jLlh cVus dk naM LfkfxrA
8-6-1914
dke djus ds fy, laiw.kZ vlg;ksxkFkZ ikao esa csafM+;ka Mkydj lkr
fnu rd [kM+s jgus dk naMA
15-6-1914
nl cts mi;qZDr naM iw.kZA
16-6-1914
dke djus ds fy, loZFkk euk djus ls vkB eghus eksVh tathj ChiangaugeA
18-6-1914
jLlh cVus ds dke dh ekax103A
19-6-1914
eq[; vk;qDr dk i= 178@29]48 ekad ds vuqlkj ekaxs ugha ekuhA

Tkk ldrhA
26-6-1914
eq[; vk;qDr - 194@2948 fnukad 25-6-1914 ds vuqlkj canhoku

dk vkosnu izkIrA
26-6-1914
vkSj iqu% dke ij vkus ds miy{; esa vk;qDr }kjk ljkgukA
29-6-1914
[kksMk+ csMh+ fudkys x,A
10-9-1914
eq[; vk;qDr ls vkosnu djus dh vuqefr ekaxhA
14-9-1914
oS|dh; v/kh{kd }kjk vkosnu HkstkA
103
mi;qZDr naM vlguh; gqvk gksxk] vr% bl dke dh ekax dh gksxhA & laiknd
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
484
16-10-1914
pkj eghuksa ds Ikpkr~ eksVh tathj fudkyhA
18-5-1915
:X.kky; esa izosk fn;k vkSj csM+h fudkyhA
21-5-1915
jLlh cVus dk dke
17-3-1916
/kksrh ij diM+s dk VqdM+k tksMk+ ] blhfy, MkaV iM+hA
8-8-1916
nwljs oxZ ds fy, vkosnuA
16-8-1916
eq[; vk;qDr ds i= 124 fnukad 14-8-1916 ds vuqlkj lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; canhokl ls Ng eghuksa ds de le; j[kk tkus
ls vaneku esa vkus ds fnu ls naM vof/k fxudj nwljk oxZ fn;k tkrk gSA
2-11-1916
nwljk oxZ fn;kA
3-8-1917
dke ij jkr ds igjsnkj dh voKk djus ds dkj.k MkaVA
2-10-1917
fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu djus dh vuqKkA
1-2-1918
eq[; vk;qDr ds i= 1264 fnukad 31-1-1918 }kjk lwfpr fd;k x;k fd lHkh jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus lacaf/kr vkosnu fganqLFkku jkT;
lfpoky; dks Hkstk x;kA
1-1-1919
ijgst vkSj vkSk/kksipkjkFkZ :X.kky; esa j[kk x;kA
1-4-1919
vUu vkSj vkSkf/k gsrq :X.kky; esa j[kkA m/kj - 5 dh bekjr esa
ijh fgLls ds dksus dh dksBjh esa jguk gksxk vkSj tc dke ugha py
jgk gks] ml le; Nr ;k uhps vkaxu esa tks LFkku jkl vk tk,] ogka
FkksM+s le; ds fy, O;k;ke djus dh vuqefr nh xbZA
30-5-1919
iRuh vkSj ca/kq MkW- lkojdj ls ,d ?kaVk HksaVA
31-5-1919
iRuh vkSj ca/kq MkW- lkojdj ls lok ?kaVk HksaVA
24-1-1920
dkjkx`g lfefr dks vkosnu djus dh vuqefrA
6-4-1920
Hkkjr kklu dh vksj Hkstus dk vkosnu eq[;ky; dks Hkstk vkSj

fnukad 12-4-1920 ds fnu og Hkkjr kklu dks Hkstk x;kA
14-7-1920
Nr ij ys[ku dk;Z djus dh vuqefrA
19-8-1920
fganqLFkku ljdkj dh lwpuk fd okbljkW; lk/kkj.k ;q}&fot; dh

{kek dk ykHk lkojdj ca/kqvksa dks nsus ds fy, rS;kj ughaA
28-9-1920
lkojdj us bPNk iznfkZr dh fd mUgsa ujkxz.kh QksjeSu fu;qDr

fd;k tk, vFkok fy[kus dk dke fn;k tk,A igyh ekax vHkh rks
vlaHko] nwljh ekax ;FkklaHko kh?kz Lohdkj dh tk,A
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
485
4-11-1920
eq[; vk;qDr dh vkKk fnukad 3-11-1920 ds vuqlkj lkojdj dks

rsy xksnke ij ujkxz.kh fu;qDr fd;k x;kA
21-1-1921
izeq[k vk;qDr ds i= la- 2005 fnukad 19-1-1921 ds vuqlkj fcYyk

fudkykA
10-2-1921
rhu eghus larksktud dke djus ls iDdk fd;k tkus dk i=] izeq[k vk;qDr ds ikl i= - }kjk lwfprA
2-5-1921
cacbZ Hkstus ds fy, êgkjktk* ty;ku ij p<+k;kA
esjk vkthou dkjkokl
esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Mera Aajeevan Karavas

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esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj

izHkkr izdkku] fnYyh

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Lokra;ohj lkojdj jkVh;Lekjd

izdkkd izHkkr izdkku

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

cacbZ fLFkr Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Ckkjh ckck dk minsk

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

oS|d kkL= dk ,d vkSj izegs

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

1- vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

os pus fganw D;ksa ugha cu tkrs

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

jkVfgr esa v&fojks/kh opu dk ikyu

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

kki vkSj {kek

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

ikcanh rksM+dj canh us igukbZ paik dh ekyk

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

bruh lh gyxh D;ksa ctkrs jgsa\

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

;g fu.kZ; 24 Qjojh ds fnu ?kksfkr fd;k x;kA

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

dfork ds iwokZ/kZ esa mlh iqLrd esa izdkfkr dh gSA

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Kkusojh v/;k; 18] vksoh 1069&70A

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Ckfynkuh ohj ;k v/ke

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Jh ;acd jkepanz fpiyw.kdj nknk

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

Lkojdj] lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

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esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl