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10cs34

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Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec. 2Dl3/Jan.2Ol4

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Discrete Mathematical Structures

Time: 3 hrs.

Max. Marks:100

Note: Answer FIVE

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6

Let p, q be primitive statements for whieh implication p -) q is false. Determine the truth
valuescfthe following: i)p n qii) -rpvq iii) q +piv) --rq+ -1p.
(05Marks)
By constructing truth table. Show that the compound propositions p (: q v r) and
^
p v (q n r r) are not logically equivalent.
(05 Marks)
Prove that (:p v q) (p
q)) ep q. Hence deduce that (-r p q) v (p v (p v q)) c>
^ ^(pn
^
^
p v q.
(05 Marks)
Show that R v S follows logically from the premises. C v D, (C v D) -+ --lH,
-r H -+ (A n -r B) and (A n -r B) -+ R v S.
(05 Marks)

Write down the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the following statement, for which
the set of real numbers is the universe. Also indicate their truth values. V*[ (x>3) -+ 1xL911.
(06 Marks)

Write the following propositions in symbolic form and find its negation. For all x, if x is odd
then x2 * 1 is even.
(04 Marks)
Let p(x), q(x) and r(x) be open statements, determine whethe2ffii
valid or
, (rS;;
V, [p(x) -+ q(x)
ll-r.

not

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260 college students, the following data were obtai ned; 64 [:1^[lT]
Mathematics eourse, 94 had take CS course, 58 had take EC course. 28 had taken both
Mathematics and F,C course. 26 had taken both Mathematics and CS course, 22 had taken
both CS and EC course, and 14 had taken all three types of courses. Determine :
i) How many of these students had taken none of the three courses?
ii) How many had taken,only CS course?
(06 Marks)
An integer is selected at random from 3 through 17 inclusive. If A is the event that a number
divisible by 3 is chosen, and B is the even that the number exceeds 10. Determine Pr(A),
Pr(B), Pr(A [) B) and Pr(A U B).
(05 Marks)

:E
o''

B n (AU C).

26

(04 Marks)

ib

BE

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{b}}

-A

B: {0, 1,{0}}.
{a,
Using laws of set theory show that (A n B) U [Bn ((C n D) U (C n D))]
A=

c. In a surve 1r of

Cq

3,

PART

Define power set of a set. Determine power sets of the following sets.

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I a.

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ia

o
o

full

questions, selecting

4 a.

ar\

V" I q1x) -+ r(x) I

'LM
.'.v*[
p(x) -+ r(x)].

;fl

i.;\

'rkt

d-, ,1

', I

'.,

" , ,.

(06 Marks)

Give a direct proof of he statement : "The square of an odd intNfoen-e,4dbi*eger"

sn*eflQsXllTe$er

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Using mathematical induction, prove that

4n. (n'-

(04 Marks)

7) for all positive integers n > 6.

(06 Marks)

FortheFibonaccisequenceFe,Fr,Fz- - - -. Prove that

c.

Find an explicit formula for

D.

an

on

-l

n, ar

pn

=*[[y)'

4 for n> 2.

[+]']

,or Marks)
(06 Marks)

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10cs34
PART _ B

c.
d.

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b.

Define the Cartesian product of two sets. For any non - empty sets A, B and C prove that
A x (B UC) : (A x B) l-J (A x C).
(05 Marks)
Define the fbllowing with one example fbr each i) Function ii) one - to one function iii) on
to function.
(06 Marks)
State the pigeonhole principle. An office employs 13 clerks. Show that at least.2 of them
will have birthdays during the same month of the year.
(04 Marks)
.
Letf : R->R, g:R-+Rbedefinedbyf(x):x2, andg(x):x+5. Determine f gandg. f.
Show that the composition of two functions is not commutative.
(05 Marks)

lo

5 a.

ik

ib

a. LetA: {1,2,3,4\, andletRtherelationdefinedbyR: {(x, y) l*, y e A, x<y}.

Determine whether R is reflexive, symmetric antisymmetric, or transitive.
(05 Marks)
b. What is partition of a set. If R : {(1, 1), (1,2), (2,7'), (2,2), (3, 4), (4,3), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
defined on the set A : U, 2, 3,4). Determine the partition induced.
(05 Marks)
c. Definepartial order. IfRisarelationonA:{1.2.3.4}definedbyXRYifxly.Provethar
(A, R) is a POSET. Draw its Hasse diagram.
(06 Marks)
d. Let A : {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12,24} and let < denotes the partial order of divisibility that is x < y
means xly. Let B : {4, 6,121. Determine
i) All upper bounds of B
ii) All lower bounds of B

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ed
ia

iii)
iv)

Least upper bound of B

Greatest lower bound of B.

(04 Marks)

a.

Define abelian group. Prove that a group C is aiifAn iff (ab)2 : a'b' for all a, b, e G.

b.

If H and K

c.

il:Hl

are subgroups:;ru ,.orp G. Prove ,nu,

G.
O K is also a sub group
"f from[3]a group
Define homomarphism anod isomorphism in group. Let f be homomorphism
G1 to group G2. Prove that
it If er is the identity in Gr and e: is the identity in Gz. then (e1)': e2
ii) (a-r) =,[(a)]-' for all a e Gr.
(08 Marks)

a.

An encoding function E:27, -+ Z)is given by the generator matrix

[rollol
G=l
L0 r 0 I

l.l

i) Determine all the code words

ii) Find the associated parity - check matrix H

b.
c.

iii) UseHtodecodereceivedwords:1 1 101, 1 101 1.

(07 Marks)
A binary symmetric channel has probability P : 0.05 of incorrect transmission. If the word
C : 01 101 1 101 is transmitted, what is the probability that i) single error occurs ii) a double
error occurs iii) a triple error occurs iv) tluee errors occur no two of them consecutive?
Define a ring. In a ring (R,

r, 0) tbr all a, b e R, prove that

i) a.0:0'a:0
ii) a(- b) : (- a) b: - (ab).

(08 Marks)

(05 Marks)
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