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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Hashemite University

Name: Samer Abu-salem


Eng. Ola Hatem

#ID: 1332472

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Objective:
o To determine the polytropic index (n), for the compressor.
o To calculate the isothermal and polytropic work.
o To calculate the isothermal efficiency.

Apparatus:
Two stage piston type air compressor, operated by an electrical motor coupled by
means of pulleys and V-belt.
The compressed air outgoing from the first stage of the compressor passes through a
water/air heat exchanger (intercooler), then it is sucked by the second stage. The outlet
air from the second stage passes through a second exchanger (after cooler) and it is sent
to the storage tank.

T4, P4
T1, P1

T2, P2

Compresso
r

T3, P3

Intercoole

Compresso
r

State 1: inlet conditions to first stage.


P1: Atmospheric pressure.
T1: Ambient temperature.
State 2: outlet from first stage, inlet to intercooler.
P2: Pressure of air outlet from first stage.
T2: Temperature of air outlet from first stage.
State 3: outlet from intercooler, inlet to second stage.
P3: Pressure of air outlet from intercooler. (P3 = P2)
T3: Temperature of air outlet from intercooler.
State 4: outlet from second stage, inlet to after cooler.
P4: Pressure of air outlet from second stage.
T4: Temperature of air outlet from second stage.

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Theory:

The main objective of the use of the compressor is to raise the air gas
pressure.
P-V Diagram for an ideal compressor

1-2: Isothermal compression: both valves are closed; air is compressed from P1 to P2.
2-3: discharge process: Exit valve is open, air is supplied to the tank at P2.
3-4: Expansion process: both valves are closed; air in clearance volume expands to
original state P1.
4-1: intake process: inlet valve is open; air enters the cylinder at state 1, and mixed with
air already present in the clearance volume.
Compression of gases:
1. Isothermal compression:
The compression of gases occurs at constant temperature.

2. Adiabatic compression (isentropic):


No flow of heat energy either into or out of the gas and the temperature
cannot remain constant during the transformation.
3. Polytropic compression:
An ideal isothermal process must occur very slowly to keep the gas
temperature constant. An ideal adiabatic process must occur very rapidly
Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR
COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

without any flow of energy in or out of the system. In practice most


compression processes are somewhere in between, or said to be polytropic.

Procedure:
1. Turn on the power supply to start the compressor.
2. Turn on the cooling water and adjust flow rates to a suitable value.
3. Adjust the compressor speed to 1200 rpm using the potentiometer.
4. Open the exit valve, so that the second stage pressure P2 is 2 bars.
5. Record all temperatures, pressures, voltmeter, ammeter and the manometer readings.
6. Readjust the exit valve, so that P2= 3 bar, and record all values as step 4.
7. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 for different values of P2.
8. Fill the results at table.
9. Turn off the compressor, turn off the cooling water and allow air to release, and drain
water from cylinder and coolers.

Analysis:
Polytropic index:
n1
1.0296740
23
1.0367413
57
1.0851225
66
1.1671962
83

n2
1.019
1.0297122
04
1.0342365
99
1.0738569
14

Sample of calculation:

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

W iso
stage 1
39.586685
6
63.955169

W iso
stage 2
24.5336939
9
59.1119935

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

53
63.955169
53
68.088003
81

8
93.6902931
7
96.3555282
1

Sample of calculation:

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Wp1
33.87629
735
123.1551
329
171.3064
202
216.4884
49

Wp2
20.90966
994
113.4434
787
248.0784
345
300.5947
913

Sample of calculation:

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

eff iso 1

eff iso 2

116.85658
91
51.930575
69
37.333784
38
31.451102
42

117.33180
9
52.107000
1
37.766399
72
32.054956
04

eff iso
comp
117.0379
62
52.01516
705
37.58968
903
31.80213
923

Sample of calculation:

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

For Plot:

ln(p2/ ln(p4/p3 ln(T2/T1 ln(T4/T3


p1)
)
)
)
0.4673 0.287682 0.013468
0
41
072
217
0.7550 0.693147 0.026757 0.020000
23
181
449
667
0.7550 1.098612 0.059227 0.036367
23
289
834
644
0.8038 1.129864 0.115143 0.077708
13
832
019
984

Thermal science 1 Lab. - Exp # 6 : TWO STAGE PISTON TYPE AIR


COMPRESSOR

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