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Hashemite University
#ID: 1332472
Objective:
o To determine the polytropic index (n), for the compressor.
o To calculate the isothermal and polytropic work.
o To calculate the isothermal efficiency.
Apparatus:
Two stage piston type air compressor, operated by an electrical motor coupled by
means of pulleys and V-belt.
The compressed air outgoing from the first stage of the compressor passes through a
water/air heat exchanger (intercooler), then it is sucked by the second stage. The outlet
air from the second stage passes through a second exchanger (after cooler) and it is sent
to the storage tank.
T4, P4
T1, P1
T2, P2
Compresso
r
T3, P3
Intercoole
Compresso
r
Theory:
The main objective of the use of the compressor is to raise the air gas
pressure.
P-V Diagram for an ideal compressor
1-2: Isothermal compression: both valves are closed; air is compressed from P1 to P2.
2-3: discharge process: Exit valve is open, air is supplied to the tank at P2.
3-4: Expansion process: both valves are closed; air in clearance volume expands to
original state P1.
4-1: intake process: inlet valve is open; air enters the cylinder at state 1, and mixed with
air already present in the clearance volume.
Compression of gases:
1. Isothermal compression:
The compression of gases occurs at constant temperature.
Procedure:
1. Turn on the power supply to start the compressor.
2. Turn on the cooling water and adjust flow rates to a suitable value.
3. Adjust the compressor speed to 1200 rpm using the potentiometer.
4. Open the exit valve, so that the second stage pressure P2 is 2 bars.
5. Record all temperatures, pressures, voltmeter, ammeter and the manometer readings.
6. Readjust the exit valve, so that P2= 3 bar, and record all values as step 4.
7. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 for different values of P2.
8. Fill the results at table.
9. Turn off the compressor, turn off the cooling water and allow air to release, and drain
water from cylinder and coolers.
Analysis:
Polytropic index:
n1
1.0296740
23
1.0367413
57
1.0851225
66
1.1671962
83
n2
1.019
1.0297122
04
1.0342365
99
1.0738569
14
Sample of calculation:
W iso
stage 1
39.586685
6
63.955169
W iso
stage 2
24.5336939
9
59.1119935
53
63.955169
53
68.088003
81
8
93.6902931
7
96.3555282
1
Sample of calculation:
Wp1
33.87629
735
123.1551
329
171.3064
202
216.4884
49
Wp2
20.90966
994
113.4434
787
248.0784
345
300.5947
913
Sample of calculation:
eff iso 1
eff iso 2
116.85658
91
51.930575
69
37.333784
38
31.451102
42
117.33180
9
52.107000
1
37.766399
72
32.054956
04
eff iso
comp
117.0379
62
52.01516
705
37.58968
903
31.80213
923
Sample of calculation:
For Plot: