A Study On Why People Watch Foreign Channels More Than Local Channels in Bangladesh by Shoaib Saiful

Research Report for BBA Business Research
December 3, 2016
Research report on
A study on why people watch foreign TV channels more than local TV channels in
Bangladesh.
Course title: Business Research
Course Code: BUS 301
Prepared by
Md. Saiful Islam Shoaib
ID : 14202347
Section C
Prepared for
Laila Habib
Faculty of CBA
Date of Submission:
December 3, 2016

December 3, 2016
Executive Summery
This report provides descriptive analysis on foreign television programs that broadcasting in
Bangladesh to find why people are watching them instead of local channels. Information are
collected by doing interviews and from websites and articles. Qualitative method has followed
for conducting the research. Satellite television is the most powerful media to reach at the public
audiences regardless of age, income, sex, education across the world. This research shows that
the attractive and modern programs are capturing the attention of the viewers. Satellite television
broadcasting in Bangladesh started in 90s, since then satellite television has created a large
number of audience through modern and updated programs. Before that people were satisfied
with Bangladesh television. With the advancement of technology satellite channels is now
available to every class of people. On the other hand Bangladeshi domestic media are stuck with
the old fashioned programs. While doing this research it is found that viewers like to copy the
Indian culture and western culture by watching foreign programs. Their behavior, style, language
and other norms are highly influenced by the foreign culture which is a threat to our own cultural
identity. By following foreign trends people can forget their own tradition and customs which is
truly harmful for the society. Some recent incident shows the bad impact of satellite channels.
Clothing ,fashion, lifestyle are highly influenced by satellite media. The research aim is to find
out the reasons of why people are ignoring local television, it is found that they are not satisfied
with the local programs. In satellite channels they watch Hindi TV serial which is full of modern
fashion and style. And the most important thing is the content, people are not satisfied with the
contents of local TV programs. As a result the number of viewers for local TV channels are
decreasing. so that the domestic TV channels having less TRP. Suggestions discussed include,
telecasting modern and updated programs in the local television channel, increasing public
awareness about the bad impact of foreign culture. As this is a descriptive study so shortage of
time is a big limitation and taking interview is a time consuming process. Some people dont like
to share all the personal information.
Key word:
awareness,
Satellite Television, Western culture, Indian culture, Cultural identity, Public

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Acknowledgment
First of all I am grateful to the Almighty for giving me the strength and courage to complete this
research. Then, I would like express my heartfelt gratitude to my universitys honorable Faculty
Mr. Ariful Insan Emon, Lecturer, IUBAT University, who has helped me to select a nice topic
and provided me his valuable advices for my research report for the partial fulfillment of the
requirement of my course.
I am truly grateful and I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Laila Habib,
Lecturer, IUBAT University, who has helped me and guided me in preparing the activities on the
basis of this topic. I am preparing the report on A study on why people watch foreign TV
channels more than local TV channels in Bangladesh
I want to express my whole hearted gratitude to all my friends who helped me in conducting this
research for their precious co-operation; without whom, it would not been possible to make the
report at current form.
Finally, I would like to thank again to Mrs. Laila Habib, Lecturer, IUBAT University; my
Course Instructor. I could not prepare this research report without her help.

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Table of contents
Executive Summary2
Acknowledgment3
Table of contents...............4
List of tables...7
List of figures.7
Chapter One..................8
1.Introduction...............................8
1.1 Background of the prob..9
1.2 Statement of Research Problem..9
1.3 Rationale of the study.9
1.4 Aim and Objective..9
1.5 Scope of the study..9
1.6 Chapter summary.10
2. Chapter Two12
2.1 Chapter Review....12
2.2 Defining Terms......13
2.2.1 Satellite channel.....13
2.2.2 Western culture.........14
2.2.3 Concept of satellite channels in Bangladesh14
2.2 Research Questions.....15
3.0 Chapter three.16
3.1 Introduction.......16

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3.1 Research Philosophy..16

3.2 Sources of Data..16
3.2.1 Secondary data...17
3.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages ogf secondary data.....17
3.2.2 Primary data17
3.2.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of primary data....18
3.3 Sampling.19
3.3.1 Sample and Sample sizes of this Research19
3.3.2 Sampling Strategies19
3.3.2.1 Probability...19
3.3.2.2 Non-probability...20
3.3.3 Sampling Method of Research....20
3.3.3.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling Method20
3.4 Data Collection Methods.21
3.4.1 Qualitative method of data collection..22
3.4.1.1 Purpose of Qualitative Research...22
3.5 Interview23
3.5.1 Advantage and Disadvantages of interview.23
3.5.2 Forms of interview technique26
3.6 Research design structure.26
3.7 Research question design.26

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3.8 Primary data collection process.27

3.9 Research participants.28
3.10 Presentation of Researcher Finding.28
3.11 Reliability, Validity and Ethical Consideration...28
3.12 Chapter summary .28
Chapter four...29
4.0 Introduction..29
4.1 Summary of Interview..29
Chapter five.32
5.0 Introduction..32
5.1 Recommendation..32
5.2 Further research33
5.3 Conclusion34
Bibliography ..35
Appendix A37

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List of tables
Table 1 Research question.15
Table 2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Methods of Research.21
Table 3 Type of Interview question27
Table 4 Interview participants.28
List of figures
Figure 1 Forms of Interview...25

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Chapter One: Introduction of Research
1.0 Introduction:
Satellite channels are the most popular form of entertainment for this days. Through the
advancement of technology people can get access to satellite channels very easily and
conveniently. In Bangladesh, the satellite technology was introduced in 1990s. Before that
people used to watch BTV only. Even after the arrival of some satellite channels BTV was still
the ruling channel in media. But as soon as the technological system improved many satellite
channels starts to enter in Bangladeshi media. Specially the Indian channels. At that time some
Bangladeshi private TV channels like channel I, Ntv Atn and some others started telecasting.
Today there are 31 private channels in Bangladesh. Now watching satellite channels on a normal
basis is okay but for that reason domestic TV channels doesnt get much viewers specially BTV.
Today the number of viewers for BTV is decreasing in urban area. This report is conducted
among 40 young viewers of uttara, Dhaka area who like to watch satellite channels most.
1.1 Background to the Problem:
Bangladeshi television media is being dominated by the satellite channels for last 10 years.
Through the advancement of technology the satellite channels are very much available to almost
every class of people. Satellite channels are broadcasting attractive and influential programs that
attract a large number are viewers to watch them. While, domestic channels are getting less
viewers. People are not just watching the foreign programs but they actually uses those styles
and behavior in real life. Clothing, fashion, styles are highly influenced by the foreign media.
And mostly the influence is quite harmful. But lackings are there for the local channels as well.
Its been over 40 years of television technology in Bangladesh but still there is no sports channels
in Bangladeshi media. If people are to watch any kind of international matches they must go for
foreign sports channels. BTV only broadcasts the matches took place in home ground.
The possible result of this research can be the attractive, seductive and influential foreign
programs are capturing viewers attention. The local channels can not fulfill the demand of the
viewers as they are technologically outsmart by the foreign media.

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1.2 Statement of the research problem:
A descriptive study will be conducted and a detail interview among the viewers of uttara area to
find why they prefer to watch foreign channels instead of local channels.
1.4 Rational of the study:
This research deals the facts that why people are watching satellite channels more than local tv
channels. Nowadays watching foreign channels have become a trend in Bangladesh. The young
people ,adults, children everyone are watching foreign programs. There is no cartoon channels
in Bangladeshi media. So that the children are watching several foreign channels including
cartoon network the most. Most of the satellite channels are Indian channels. In Bangladesh now
a huge number of people watches TV serials and drama. They like to watch Indian Hindi and
Indian bangle TV serials the most. Due to that local tv channels are not getting that much
viewers. Now the question is why they are choosing foreign channels while they have a plenty of
domestic options. This is the main target of this study why they are not watching domestic works
when Bangladeshi television dramas are world famous and obviously very much high in quality
in comparison with the other countries in Asia. Finding out those facts are important cause for
the intrusion of foreign channels our young generation is highly influenced in their culture and
customs. Excessive watching of foreign programs can be addictive. Specially for the children.
Children likes to follow what they see, and we all know the recent effect of doremon cartoon
over the children of our country. Most of the children got addicted with doremon cartoon and
that become a part of their life. At a time the government got no choice but to stop the
broadcasting of that channel in Bangladesh. But not only that hindi tv serials and
1.4 Aim and Objectives:
Aim:
Aim of this study is, to conduct an in depth study to find why people are watching foreign TV
channels more than local TV channels.
Broad objective:
To find out the cultural domination of the foreign channels in Bangladesh and how they are
dominating Bangladeshi media.
Specific Objectives:
To analyze the foreign TV programmes.

To find out why people are ignoring local channels.
To analyze the difference between foreign TV programmes and Local TV programs.
To find out the cultural impact.
To find how local channels can improve.
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1.5 Scope of the study:

This study deals with the reasons for why people doesnt watch local channels that much.
Instead they watch foreign programs. The study will allow to learn the reasons for people likes
to watch foreign drama, serials, news and sports. Also to witness how people are influenced by
that. Human psychology is a critical. People likes to see what they see and most of the people
wants them to be updated with the modern world. This research will allow to see how the people
are influenced by the foreign culture.
1.6 Chapter synopsis:
This research report comprises of primarily three chapters. An overview of these
chapters is as follows:
Chapter One: Introduction of Research
This is the introductory chapter which provides an overview of the whole research
project. The aims and objectives of this research including the scope and a statement
of the research problem have been examined. Additionally, rationale of the study and
scope of the study have been well expressed in this chapter. This chapter provides a
clear view of the total research study.
Chapter Two: Literature Review
This chapter provides overviews of the existing literature on this topic. This chapter provides an
attempt to critically examine the preference of the viewers. This research report comprises of an
analysis of both the primary data and secondary data which have been collected in the report by
giving a clear understanding of the research.
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
This chapter provides a summary of different tools and techniques which have been
used in the collection and processing of data analysis and evaluation for getting the expected
results. This research report consists of qualitative evaluation of data comprising of face-to-face
semi-structured interviews and articles from journals and internet websites which has used as
secondary data.
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Chapter Four: Data Analysis and Interpretation
This chapter provides a summary of the whole process conducting data analysis and
evaluation after getting the expected results. This research report consists of both the
qualitative and quantitative evaluation of data comprising of face-to-face semi structured
interviews and survey questionnaires which have been used as a source of
primary data. For of collecting more appropriate and reliable information,
semi-structured interviews along with information from different websites and articles has
arranged.
Chapter Five: Findings and Conclusion
This chapter will provide all the findings of the total research report after conducting
every research. After successfully conducting the data analysis, the researcher has
identified the findings and he has discussed these findings and concluded in chapter
five.
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Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.0 Chapter Review:

This chapter provides overviews of the existing literature on this topic. This chapter provides an
attempt to critically examine the preference of the viewers. This research report comprises of an
analysis of both the primary data and secondary data which have been collected in the report by
giving a clear understanding of the research.
Literature Review:
The article written by Prof. Shomsher Effect of Satellite Television on the Culture of
Bangladesh: The Viewers Perception stated that Television is a powerful medium for appealing
to mass audiencesit reaches people regardless of age, sex, income, or educational level. In
addition, television offers sight and sound, and it makes dramatic and life like representations of
people and products. Focused TV coverage of public health has been largely limited to crises.
However, for audiences of the late 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1970s, television presented or
reinforced certain health messages through product marketing. Some of these messages were
related to toothpaste, hand soaps, multiple vitamins, fortified breakfast cereals, and other items.
In Bangladesh the most important far reaching effect of cultural globalization is the
commercialization of culture. According to Akande (2002) globalization has resulted in the
extinction of 22,000 indigenous cultures in the past decade and optimistic estimates suggests that
as many as 90% of the world's languages will disappear in the next century . Mass media are the
methods of communication such as, language, design, facial expression, print, radio, television,
mobile phone, billboards and musical instruments etc to dig up large number of people at the
same time. For example, television, when it broadcasts, it goes elsewhere and the people of
different places can watch it (Berger, 2002).
Cable TV is the most important entertainment medium for all age group people among those
have access to satellite TV channels. It affected the choice of entertainment and cultural taste of
the people in Bangladesh. The young age group seems to be most influenced. They have begun
to follow foreign culture including clothing, hairstyle fashion, attitude. Most of the young age
group, who regular view satellite TV, dont like Rabindra Giti, Nazrul Giti or classical music,
but like modern band music and modern song. The rest answered they honour and like classic
music along with modern band and jazz music. Obviously, sky culture has changed the choice
and taste of our traditional culture among young age group. Children are highly affected by
ideas, advertisement aiming at them. More then two-third children, among those who view cable
TV regularly, think alcohol just like another soft drink as they see on the cable TV. They like to
enjoy cartoon programs than listening folk tales from older people. Our middle age grou of
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people are seriously affected. They have begun to widely believe in and practice nuclear family
idea than traditional joint family. They seem to be more conscious about family planning, health,
reproduction, merits and demerits of small family and education. It is clear that sky culture help
them to be progressive. Old people also like to view and enjoy sky culture. Most of the old
people who view satellite TV spend comparatively more time viewing cable TV. In most cases
their clothing and attitude does not portray that they are so much affected. But who knows they
would not expose their feelings if they had chance and favorable environment in Bangladesh.
Probably, they cant expose because of rather conservative social environment in Bangladesh.
Sky culture shape, mould and alter attitude and norms of behavior. Children, who view cable
TV, in most cases believe that women are more generous, as they see on cable TV. Most of them
like to spend more time with mother then their father. Most of them like to see women as nurse,
but as doctor they choice both men and women. They like to put on dress, to speak in the style
they see in programs on cable TV. Many children know huge Hindi vocabulary, though they
never read Hindi, only seeing Cable TV. Many guardians alleged their children are reluctant to
study and they want to enjoy cable TV all the time. So their study is being harmed. Among
young group their attitude perception and norms are profoundly influenced. Most of them
answered they believe in free sex, some of them admitted that they have enjoyed sex, in most
cases with their classmates and with cousins.
2.1 Defining Terms:
2.1.1 Satellite television:
Satellite television (satellite TV) is a particular kind of broadcast delivery based on using space
satellites to deliver signals. Companies make use of satellites that have been sent out of the
Earth's atmosphere by beaming a signal up to the satellite and delivering it to individual
customers via the use of receiving equipment.
The basic setup for a satellite TV involves a satellite dish, also called a "parabolic reflector
antenna," along with a "low-noise block down converter" and a receiver. Satellite TV helps
deliver signals in areas where customers may not be served by cable television or "terrestrial"
broadcasting.
Satellite TV generally uses two different frequency sets to deliver signals. One is the Ku band, a
dedicated channel for satellite TV communications. A type of satellite TV known as directbroadcast satellite TV (DBSTV) often uses the Ku band. Other analog "big dish" systems use the
lower C band, which is also used for certain other kinds of technologies. Although the Ku band
is the dedicated channel for satellite TV, the C band can help signals withstand some
interruptions, such as signal disruption from inclement weather.
Source: Investopedia
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2.1.2 Western culture:

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Western lifestyle or European
civilization, is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values,
traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, and specific artifacts and technologies that
have some origin or association with Europe.
The term has come to apply to countries whose history is strongly marked by European
immigration, such as the countries of the Americas and Australasia, and is not restricted to the
continent of Europe.
Source: ScienceDail
2.1.3 Concept of Satellite Television in Bangladesh:
The sophistication of telecommunication in a given region depends on the economy of that area.
The have nations involve the well-developed communication systems while the have-not
nations are barely able to sustain the system. Whereas the rapid growth of cable TV was
regarded as a distinctive feature in the Western World in the 1960s (Hillard and Keith, 1996: 88)
the residents of an information poor country, the middle class viewers, of Bangladesh did not
possess any clear insight about STV for prolonged years. They were familiar only with the name
of Sputnik, which was a satellite of former Soviet Union (Faisal, 1992: 83).
STV appeared as the Talk of the Town in Dhaka city for the first time in 1991 when the local
daily Bangladesh Times reported that CNN likely to be on air soon (Holiday, 17-01-1992).
But, its appearance was not that soon and until 1992 the Dhaka middle class viewers remained in
dilemma about the future of STV in Bangladesh. STV re-appeared as an issue in the capital city,
when the middle class viewers got acquainted with the name of STAR in the form of
advertisement in the different daily newspapers of Bangladesh. But as the Wireless and
Telegraphy Act of 1933 (which did not include any rule about the dish antenna) was still active
in Bangladesh, without the amendment of which it was not possible for the government to
welcome STV in the country during that time (Sanaullah, 1993: 69-71).
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2.2 Research Questions:
Based on the literature review and the researchs aims and objectives, the
following research questions have been raised. The questions will be answered
with the help of data gathered during the study and discussed later in the study
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Does people like watching foreign TV channels?

Does they like foreign channels more than local channels
What are the features of foreign channels?
What are the differences between foreign TV program and local TV program?
What kind of program people expect from local channels?
How people are culturally influenced by watching foreign programs?
Table 1: Research question
Source: Asif (2013)
2.3 Chapter Summary:

From the review of literature it is found that lot of Bangladeshi viewers likes to watch foreign
television programs as they are attractive and modern. Basically they are attracted to the Movies
and TV serials. Modern fashion, trends, style of clothing and behavioral facts are mainly
responsible for this. On the other hand local channels are broadcasting domestic programs and
people doesnt get any variation or new things from their. This tends to cultural diffusion among
the viewers as people psychology is highly influenced by what they see. From the review of
literature, it has been possible to claim research questions that are to be answered during the
remaining of the study and also bring about new scopes for further research.
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Chapter Three: Methodology

3.0 Introduction:
In every research, methodology needs to be clearly explained for better understanding of the
readers. Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of
study. Research methodology has been selected which is suitable for this research.
3.1 Research Philosophy:

Research philosophy is the development of logical reasoning that incorporates contemporary
ideas with previously established methods of thought through structural phases. The schools of
positivism and post-positivism are relevant to modern research philosophy, the former based
upon techniques of objective observation while the latter reconsiders world views through
metaphysical interpretation. The structure of research philosophy is comprised of both inductive
and deductive reasoning, as well as variables involving influences of cause and effect. Studies
may be structured around a variety of designs ranging from the experimental to the factorial,
though each type must supply causal evidence to maintain validity in its outcome.
This step in research can also be characterized as a process which involves deriving the research
questions and the objectives. Research philosophy can be divided into three components of
realism, positivism and interpretive.
Source: Reference Website
3.2 Sources of Data:
The researcher has been used which comprises of both the primary data and secondary data
collected.
The researcher has collected primary data by taking interview from different areas of Uttara. In
the interview researcher ask some question to the participants who regularly watch television
program. The researcher has collected secondary data from internet websites, students related
journals, Jobs related journal ,articles, newspapers populated with information in relation to the
research topic of why viewers prefer to prefer to watch foreign TV channels more than local TV
channels. Both methods of data collection have been discussed later of this chapter.
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3.2.1 Secondary Data:

Secondary data is the data collected by someone else other than the researcher himself. This data
can be gathered from government records, books, journals, national and international institutions,
statistics etc.
In this research report, the secondary sources have been used like the internet websites, journals,
and other research reports to collect the required data.
3.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data:
Advantages of secondary data:
The datas already there- no hassles of data collection

It is less expensive
The investigator is not personally responsible for the quality of data.
It helps to make primary data collection more specific since with the help of secondary
data, we are able to make out what are the gaps and deficiencies and what additional
information needs to be collected.
It helps to improve the understanding of the problem.
It provides a basis for comparison for the data that is collected by the researcher.
Disadvantage of secondary data:
The investigator cannot decide what is collected (if specific data about something is
required, for instance).
One can only hope that the data is of good quality
Obtaining additional data (or even clarification) about something is not possible (most
often)
Accuracy of secondary data is not known.
Data may be outdated.
3.2.2 Primary Data:

Primary data is original research that is obtained through first-hand investigation, while
secondary data is research that is widely available and obtained from another party. Primary data
includes information collected from interviews, experiments, surveys, questionnaires, focus
groups and measurements. Secondary data can be found in publications, journals and
newspapers. The process of collecting original data about the research by the researcher on its
own is called primary data research. This research is carried out after getting some knowledge
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from the secondary sources (e.g. Govt. surveys or surveys by other companies). One can decide
to go for primary data research if he/she feels that the data available from secondary sources is
not fulfilling the requirements. Primary market research can be quantitative or qualitative in
nature.
This process of this research can either be done by the researcher or can be outsourced to the
person or organization which specializes in this type of survey. Although, this type of exercise
may be lengthy and costly for gathering the information. This data research is not carried out
frequently and organizations generally depend of secondary sources for information. In order to
go for this process, the researcher has to take care of everything, starting from designing
questionnaires, collecting replies from respondents and then interpreting it depending on
requirements.
3.2.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Data:
Advantages of Primary Data:
The investigator collects data specific to the problem under study.

There is no doubt about the quality of the data collected (for the investigator).
If required, it may be possible to obtain additional data during the study period.
Data direct from the population.
Data interpretation is better. The collected data can be examined and interpreted by the
researcher depending on their needs rather than relying on the interpretation made by
collectors of secondary data.
Disadvantages of Primary Data:
.Large volume of data.

Huge volume of population.
Direct and personal intervention has to be there.
High Cost. Collecting data using primary research is a costly proposition as researcher
has to be involved throughout and has to design everything.
Time Consuming. Because of exhaustive nature of the exercise, the time required to do
research accurately is very long as compared to secondary data, which can be collected in
much lesser time duration.
More number of resources is required. Leaving aside cost and time, other resources like
human resources and materials too are needed in larger quantity to do surveys and data
collection.
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3.3 Sampling:
Sampling is the process of selecting a number of subjects from all the subjects in a particular
group or "universe."
In other words, it is the process of deciding, out of the entire population of interest, from whom
you will collect data.
Sample: The small selection is called sample. Its denoted by n.
Population: The large number of items of units of particular characteristic is called population.
Its denoted by N.
3.3.1 Sample and Sample sizes of this Research:
Sample of this research was some adult and universities students. Sample was 10 and among
them 6 university students, 4 adult viewrs.
3.3.2 Sampling Strategies:
Sampling strategies are divided into two main categories.
Probability
Non-probability
3.3.2.1 Probability:
A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random
selection. In order to have a random selection method, you must set up some process or
procedure that assures that the different units in your population have equal probabilities of being
chosen.
Where the researcher has a significant measure of control over who is selected and on the
selection methods for choosing them.
Main Methods:
Simple Random Sampling

Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster sampling
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3.3.2.2 Non-probability:
A core characteristic of non-probability sampling techniques s that samples are selected based on
the subjective judgment of the researcher, rather than random selection, which is the cornerstone
of the probability sampling techniques.
Where the researcher has little initial control over the choice of who is presented for selection.
Main Methods:
Convenience Sampling
Voluntary Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Event Sampling
Time Sampling
3.3.3 Sampling Method of Research:

The researcher has been used stratified sampling method for sampling of this research.
Stratified Sampling means sampling within particular sections of the target groups. Researcher
has used it because the researcher could easily analyze target groups participates by using
stratified sampling method.
3.3.3.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling Method:
Advantages:
Very accurate
Economical in nature
Very reliable
High suitability ration towards the differs interviews and survey
Take less time
In case, when the universe s very large, then the sampling method is the only practical
method for collecting the data.
Disadvantages:
Inadequacy of the samples

Chances for bias
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Problems of accuracy
Difficulty of getting the representative sample
Untrained manpower
Absence of the informants
Source: MBA Official website
3.4 Data Collection Methods:

In this research, researcher has used Qualitative methodology involve data both for collecting.
Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inappropriate data
collection can impact on the results of a study and which make error results.
There are some strengths and weakness of qualitative methods which describe in following table:
Strengths
Qualitative
Research
Weaknesses
Flexibility
Sharing the actual
experiences and
feelings of
participants
Sample size is
smaller
More explanatory
and enrich in
information
Participants are free
to express their
feelings and
thoughts.
Lack of validity
Subjective and
impressionistic
Not Generalized
Difficult to make
comparison
Dependent on
researchers input.
Table 2: Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Methods of Research

Source: Combined from (Bryman and Bell 2011 p 152) and Easterby-Smith,
Thorpe and Jackson (2012 p 83)
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3.4.1 Qualitative Methods of Data Collection:
In this research report, qualitative methods of data collection have been used.
According to Habib (2014) et.al, Anderson (2006).
Qualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do
and say. (p3)
Source: Habib (2014) et.al, Anderson (2006)
Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. Qualitative data collection methods play
an important role in impact evaluation by providing information useful to understand the
processes behind observed results and assess changes in peoples perceptions of their wellbeing.
Furthermore, qualitative methods can be used to improve the quality of surveybased quantitative
evaluations by helping generate evaluation hypothesis; strengthening the design of survey
questionnaires and expanding or clarifying quantitative evaluation findings. These methods are
characterized by the following attributes:
They tend to be openended and have less structured protocols They rely more heavily on
interactive interviews; respondents may be interviewed
several times to follow up on a particular issue, clarify concepts or check the reliability
of data.
They use triangulation to increase the credibility of their findings
The qualitative methods most commonly used in evaluation can be classified in three broad
Categories:
Indepth interview
Observation methods
Document review
3.4.1.1 Purpose of Qualitative Research:

For further understanding of the data, it is evident that the data gathered is most preferred to be
in the narrative form which enables the researcher to have a clear view of the research problem.
From the review of literature, it is crucial that the policies that have been designed are not fully
executed in the right manner using the proper resources. Enacting the right strategies and also
encouraging the strengthening of the governance requires all fields to have synchronization. Of
the few researches which
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have been highlighted in chapter two has given an insight into different factors which include the
social, economic and environmental issues which are directly linked to the communication
system improvement through youth empowerment in developing society in a country like
Bangladesh. Deeper insight into the research problem has also been possible by the use of the
qualitative method of research.
3.5 Interviews:
According to Habib (2014) et al. Harish (1999),
Interview is the verbal conversation between two people with the objective of
collecting relevant information for the purpose of research.
Interviews are completed by the interviewer based on what the respondent says. Interviews are
a far more personal form of research than questionnaires. In the personal interview, the
interviewer works directly with the respondent. Unlike with mail surveys, the interviewer has
the opportunity to pro be or ask follow up questions. Interviews are generally easier for
respondent, especially if what is sought is opinions or impressions. Interviews are time
consuming and t hey are resource intensive. The interviewer is considered a part of the
measurement instrument and interviewer has to well trained in how t o respond to any
contingency.
3.5.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews:
There are few advantages and disadvantages of the chosen method of data collection are which
are explained in the following table:
Advantages of Interviews:
1) Development of relationship: Relation between the interviewer and the interviewee can
be developed through an interview. It increases mutual understanding and co-operation
between the parties.
2) Selection of suitable candidate: Suitable candidates can be selected through interview
because the interview can know a lot about the candidate by this process.
3) Collection of primary information: Interview can help to collect the fresh, new and
primary information as needed.
4) Time saving: Interview can help to save time to select the best suitable candidate. Within
a very short time communication can be accomplished with the interview.
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December 3, 2016
5) Less costly: It is less costly than other process of communication. It is very simple,
prompt and low cost method of communication.
6) Increasing knowledge: Any interview increases the knowledge of both the interviewer
and the interviewee. They can interchange their views and ideas.
7) Explore cause behind the problem: In business, executives need to solve different types
of problems. To explore or to find out the actual reasons behind the problem interview
method can be used.
8) In depth analysis: Through planed interviews detailed information can be collected which
enables proper analysis of a problem. Abstract factors like attitudes, feelings, opinion etc.
Can be successfully evaluated or analyzed through interviews.
9) Solving labor problems: Labor unrest and other disputes are very common in the
industries. Sometimes human resource managers use the interview as a means of reveling
actual causes behind the labor deputes.
10) Easy correction of speech: Any misunderstanding and mistake can be rectified easily in
an interview. Because the interviewer and interviewee physically present before the
interview board.
11) Flexible: One of the major advantages of interview is feasible. That depends on the
situation it can be framed differently.
Disadvantages of Interviews:
1) Incomplete process: Suitable candidate cannot be selected by interview only. The written
test is more important than the interview.
2) No record: In the case of the interview some confusion may be arisen in the future as,
there is no evidence actually that have been discussed at interview.
3) Lack of attention: Much attention is required for a good interview. But sometimes it is
observed that both the interviewer and the interviewee are less attentive. That is why real
information cannot be collected.
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December 3, 2016
4) Time consuming: Time constrain is one of the major limitations of the interview process.
Preparation for the interview, taking interviews and interpretation of the responses
required much time, which makes the interview method time consuming.
5) Biases of interviewer: Always there is a possibility that the interview process can be
influenced by the biases of the interviewer.
6) Costly: Generally interview method is expensive.
7) Inefficiency of the interviewer: Interview is a systematic process of data collection. The
success of an interview depends on the efficiency of the interviewer. This inefficiency of
an interviewer can lead to misleading results.
8) Not suitable for personal matters: Personal matters may not be revealed by interview
method.
Source: The Business Communication website
Figure 1: Forms of Interview

Source: Habib (2014) et al.Personal Interviews FAO
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3.5.2 Forms of interview techniques
The two main types of interviews conducted in marketing research are structured and
unstructured.
I.
II.
III.
Structured Interviews: In this type of interview predetermined questions are asked to the
interviewee.
Semi- Structured Interviews: The interview allows the interviewer or interviewee to
diverge to new areas of interest.
Unstructured Interviews: This type of interview is generally considered where in-depth
knowledge about a subject is required.
3.6 Research Design Structure:

A research study is the combination of different elements which include the factors of data
collection and synthesis. A suitable structure has to be in place in order to get the expected
results. This structure comes with qualitative methods.
3.7 Research Question Design:
Research questions are a designed as a form on inquiry for a concerned issue, which is discuss in
the first stage in a research report. To investigate the research questions, it is required to carry
out a process which involves collecting the data over a period of time. One form of data
collection as part of the qualitative method of research is the direct or face to face interview
method.(According to Berg, 2007)
The interview questions should capture the central aims and focus of the research study; and
must be considered in conceptualization and contextualization of the questions to be used for the
research process.
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There are mainly four types of interview questions according to Berg, 2007. They are given in
the following table:
Essential Questions: Questions that address directly to research focus.
Extra Questions: To check the validity and reliability of the research.

Types of Interview
Questions
Throw away Questions: Questions that are used as ice-breakers during an
interview session.
Probing Questions: Questions specifically addressed to extract facts.
Table 3: Type of interview question

The researchers job is to select the right questions which are relevant to the study and perform during
the interview in that manner. The selected interviewees are from different educational institutions
which have prompted the researcher to invest more time in designing questions of interviews for th
strategy analysis and the opinions being provided towards a better strategy design and improvement
3.8 Primary Data Collection Process:

The decisions to get the results of primary data research depend on what type of research study
chose by the researcher. Primary data collection has lots of benefits which provide an
opportunity to get a better result which is the researcher expects. It is more concerned with the
practical aspect rather than the academic aspect in a project. Chosen research study is depends
which method use to collect the primary data. There are mainly three methods of conducting a
primary survey. They are:
Survey method
Interview method
Observation method
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A total of 40 participants students from different intuitions took part in the direct interview
sessions. Each participate has been categorized in different group which slowed following table:
Category
Number of Participants
Adult people
University Students
Table 3: Interview participants
3.9 Research Participants:

The researcher has taken direct interview of different segments comprises of adult people,
university students and also some college students
3.10 Presentation of Researcher Finding:
As part of the research study, the researcher aims to present all findings in a good manner for
better representation. All data that have been gathered through the course of the different
interview and analysis the data from different literature will be contextualized focusing on the
different areas of the research focus areas and objective.
3.11 Reliability, Validity and Ethical Consideration:
Reliability, validity and ethical consideration of research are crucial and it is very important for
the researcher to understand every term from different aspects.
3.12 Chapter Summary:
In This chapter has there discussed overall understanding of different steps, research philosophy,
research approaches, and the methodology that has been used in this research. Proposed
methodology has been justified with more details information and explained difficulties and
benefits of each method and approach.
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Chapter Four: Data Analysis

4.0 Introduction:
This chapter will provide clear understanding on data analysis after getting the desire results. The
findings will be presented after a further analysis of data collection through interviews conducted
about part-time jobs, and what are the advantages, disadvantages and impact of the part-time jobs
on study.
4.1: Summary of Interview:
The total number of interview questions varied as the selected participants students as the role of
the respondents is different in the context of delivery of the policies and formulation. The results
vary to the response from the participates. All information collected from the interviews has been
aligned with the research objectives and literature review in chapter two.
Objective 1 To analyze the foreign TV programs.
Question 1 Do you like watching TV?
Answer:
According to the participants, In 10 people there are 8 of them prefer television as a major form
of entertainment. Other 14 watches TV also but not regularly.
Question 2 What kind of programs you watch on TV?
Answer:
From analyzing the answers of the participants, All the females like to watch TV serials and
males like to watch movies and sports.
Question 3 Do you like watch local channels or foreign channels the most? why
Answer:
According to the answers of the participants, Most of them like to watch foreign channels the
most. Only a few watches local channels only when anything urgent happens in the country.
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December 3, 2016
Objective 2 To find out why people are ignoring local channels.
Question 4. Why you dont like TV serials and movies that broadcast in local channels?
Answer:
From the analysis of the answers, Most of the participants think it is a waste of time watching
bangle movie. The technology, story, songs, content and cinematography all are backdated and
old. And bangle tv serials are boring to watch and specially viewers are very much bothered
with the long commercial breaks.
Objective 3 To analyze the difference between foreign TV programmes and Local TV programs.
Question 5 How foreign programs are different than local programs you think?
Answer:
According to the participants, the subject and material of foreign programs are totally different.
In foreign channels they have lot of option to watch various programs. Foreign news updates are
accurate and arrived just in time. If they have to watch any international sports event they must
go for foreign channels. The style of presentation is very much attractive and they believe even
the local artists follow western and Indian trends.
Objective 4 To find out the cultural impact.
Question 6 do you like the way people dressed in that foreign TV serials and movies?
Answer:
From the answers of the participants it is evident that they like the foreign clothing and dressing
style. The female participants very much found of following Indian clothing style on the day of
occasion and festivals. Males participants likes both Indian and western fashion.
Question 7. Do you think adopting foreign culture has any good or bad impact ?
Answer:
After analyzing the answers of the participants it seems that they think foreign programs has both
good and bad effects. They think following foreign fashion, style is good but following the the
negative things like violence which is shown in the movies can pit bad impact on society.
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December 3, 2016
Objective 5. To know how local channels can get more viewers?

Question 8: What kind of programs you think that will make you interested to watch local
channels?
Answer:
After analyzing the answers of the participants it is clear that they want to see good quality
reality show,nice storyline for drama and technologically updated film with realistic story. Some
participants also urge for a sports channel as there is no local sports channel in Bangladeshi
media.
4.2 Chapter summary:
In this chapter the researcher analyses the dates collected from interview process. The researcher
has found many reasons for why the people of Bangladesh is watching foreign channels more
than local channels in the urban area.
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December 3, 2016
Chapter Five: Recommendation and Conclusion

5.0 Introduction:
The final chapter of the report covers the recommendation and conclusions of this research
report. This chapter concentrates on giving some recommendations according to the findings of
this study.
5.1: Recommendation:
This section will provide recommendations on the findings from the study and providing a scope
for further research. The study and the data analysis conducted, it is possible to put few
recommendations for local TV channel authority. For more concern the following
recommendations may help to them:
Identify the demand of the viewrs:
Identify the needs and wants of your thet audience by organizing a focus group. Different
programs have different "target" viewers; some programs (such as dramas) are geared to women,
while sports programming is designed to attract male viewers. These are called "demographics."
One way to identify the wants of the target demographic is to hold a focus group. This can be
done online or in person. It involves gathering a small group of people -- typically from the
target audience -- and asking them what they like or dislike about a certain program. The
program's directors can then make changes based on the results of the focus group.
Changing talent:
For a news program, this would mean changing the anchors or the meteorologist; for an
entertainment program, this would mean changing the stars of the show. The popularity of a
given personality is rated based on something called "Q" scores. When a TV personality has a
low "Q" score, it means he is not liked by the viewing public. Sometimes firing this individual
can lead to an increase in ratings.
Dramatic TV serial:
Young viewers like to watch dramatic TV serials that are full of suspense and thrill. And
Foreign TV serials are full of suspense. Now with keeping the quality and content good it is very
possible to make attractive dramas
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December 3, 2016
Sports channel:
Sports channels are very much needed in Bangladesh. For watching international sports for
example for watching formula 1 race people must go for Ten Network or for watching la liga
people must choose Sony Six. So existing channels can telecast international games in their
channels.
Change the way the program is advertised:
Conventional options include commercials to show previews of an upcoming episode, or placing
a large color ad in a magazine or newspaper. But newer options -- such as utilizing the web and
mobile phones, which can more specifically target the show's key demographic -- are reinventing
the way shows are advertised. Short messages, containing simple text or even a video clip, can
be sent to viewers to give them a preview of an upcoming show.
Consultant:
Hire an outside consultant to evaluate the program. These individuals can look at a specific show
through an objective, third-party lens and give the best idea of what is working and more
importantly, what isn't working in a given program. The consultant may focus on the appearance
of the program's stars -- something as seemingly minor as their cosmetic appearance -- or the
consultant may look at the other visual elements that go into a broadcast, such as an out-dated set
or graphics package. Some consultants may also work with the show's writers to improve the
content relayed to viewers during the program
5.2 Further Research:
The research has some limitations in terms of scope and resources, further research can be
carried out in the future. The research focused on the foreign TV channels. there are many scope
for further research on local channels.
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December 3, 2016
5.3 Conclusion:
This research report was not at all an easy research to complete. Collecting information was also
very difficult task. Whatever the limitations were, the researcher tried to make best effort to
overcome the limitations.
In according to the research, the viewrs tend to see the foreign channels more then local channels
and from the direct interview it is completely sure that foreign cultural programs are influencing
the viewers in their way of lifestyle. Now to keep pace with the modern world people should get
updates at time to time. By watching foreign programs people can develop their knowledge and
thinking about the world and society. But this things can also be done by watching local channels
as well if they can provide the programs that carry international standard. Excessive watching of
foreign channels creates disrespect to the domestic artists and people lost faith to their own
culture. Practicing the good things is good but not all the programs are not appropriate with our
own culture. Excessive use of foreign channels decreases the ratings of local channels and it is
harmful for the domestic media.
At last, researcher must state that he is very fortunate to research on this nice and relevant topic.
Researcher has work on this topic passionately. Researcher got practical knowledge about the
study which can help him or he can help others to share his experiences.
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December 3, 2016
Bibliography
1.Qualitative Research Guidelines. 2006. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, [online]. Available
at: http://www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629.html [accessed on: 26 November 2016].
2.Validity and Reliability-How to Know if the Research is Correct. 2012. Explorable,
[Online].Available at: https://explorable.com/validity-and-reliability [ Accessed on: 25
November,2016]
3.Primary Research Advantages and Disadvantages. 2014. I Answer 4 U, [Online].
Available at: http://www.ianswer4u.com/2012/02/primary/research/advantages [Accessed on: 23
November 2016].
3. Nawbuji,C.Nweke. N, Ebeze, E.2012 Satellite television and local media uses among the
viewrs Higher Education of Social Science(online) Vol. 3(3), 2012, pp. 1-10. Available at:
file:///E:/referernce.pdf [Accessed on 24 November,2016], ISSN 1927-0240
4.Anthroplogy-Bangladesh. Emergence of satellite channels in Bangladesh [online]. Available

at:http://anthropology-bd.blogspot.com/2008/08/emergence-of-satellite-television-and.html
[accessed on 22 November 2016].
4. Helal,M.2014. Impacts of Indian Drama Serials on Bangladeshi Social System:
An Overview of Peoples Perception. ASA University Review (online). Vol. 8(1),pp 234-265
[Accessed on: 24 November, 2016)
5.Habib, L. 2014. A Study of Policy Design for sustainability of ICT as a medium of education
in Bangladesh, a role of NGOs in development of teachers, Dissertation for MSc International
Business, January 14, 2015. [Accessed on: 23 November 2016]
6..Rahman, H. 2015. Improvement of Communication System for Social Progression of

Voluntary Organization: A Study on Youth Empowerment in Bangladesh.[PDF] Dhaka:
academia.eduAvailableat:https://www.academia.edu/27960433/_Improvement_of_Communicati
on_System_for_Social_Progression_of_Voluntary_Organizations_A_Study_on_Youth_Empowe
rment_in_Bangladesh [Accessed on: 24 November 2016].
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7.Qualitative Research Guidelines Semi-Structured Interviews, retrieved (online)
Available At http://www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629.html[ [Accesssed on: 26 November,
2016]
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Appendix A
QUSTIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF BBA RESEARCH
Hello! I am Md. Saiful Islam Shoaib. I am a BBA student of Business Research course at
IUBAT University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. As part of my courses research, I am conducting a
research on A study on why people watch foreign TV channels more than local TV channels in
Bangladesh.
The research is a partial fulfillment of the requirement of Business Research (BUS-301) Course.
The purpose of these questions is to know what are the reasons and facts that the viewers likes to
watch foreign TV channels the most.
There is no right or wrong, desirable or undesirable answers. Your opinions and views in the
regarding the questions are all that matters. Your answer will be held in strict confidentiality and
only used for the purpose of this academic study as stipulated in the form.
Thank you for your valuable time!
Details of Participants:
Total of Participants:
Total Number of Participants: 10
Gender
: Male and Female
Age Limit
: 17-35
Date
: 23 November, 2016
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December 3, 2016
General Questions
1. Do you like watching TV?

2. What kind of programs you watch on TV?
3. Do you like to watch foreign channels the most? Why?
4. Why you dont like TV serials and movies that broadcast in local channels?
5 How foreign programs are different than local programs you think?
6 do you like the way people dressed in that foreign TV serials and movies?
7. Do you think adopting foreign culture has any good or bad impact ?
8: What kind of programs you think that will make you interested to watch local channels?
38

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Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Satellite Television, Western culture, Indian culture, Cultural identity, Public

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.1 Research Philosophy..16

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.8 Primary data collection process.27

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Chapter One: Introduction of Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

To analyze the foreign TV programmes.

Research Report for BBA Business Research

1.5 Scope of the study:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Chapter Two: Literature Review

2.0 Chapter Review:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

2.1.2 Western culture:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Does people like watching foreign TV channels?

2.3 Chapter Summary:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Chapter Three: Methodology

3.1 Research Philosophy:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.2.1 Secondary Data:

The datas already there- no hassles of data collection

Disadvantage of secondary data:

3.2.2 Primary Data:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

The investigator collects data specific to the problem under study.

.Large volume of data.

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Simple Random Sampling

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.3.3 Sampling Method of Research:

Inadequacy of the samples

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Source: MBA Official website

3.4 Data Collection Methods:

Table 2: Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Methods of Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.4.1.1 Purpose of Qualitative Research:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Source: The Business Communication website

Figure 1: Forms of Interview

Research Report for BBA Business Research

3.6 Research Design Structure:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Essential Questions: Questions that address directly to research focus.

Extra Questions: To check the validity and reliability of the research.

Probing Questions: Questions specifically addressed to extract facts.

Table 3: Type of interview question

3.8 Primary Data Collection Process:

Research Report for BBA Business Research

Table 3: Interview participants