Appen dix B: Cont inu ous Beam s

CB.1
CB.2

CB.3
CB.4
CB.5
CB.6

Introduction .................................................................................................... CB-1

Elastic Analysis ................................................................................................CB-1
CB.2.1 Moment Distribution .......................................................................... CB-2
CB.2.2 Finding Shear and Moment Diagrams After Obtaining End Moments ... CB-10
Plastic Analysis .............................................................................................. CB-10
Envelopes ..................................................................................................... CB-11
CB.4.1 Influential Superposition .................................................................. CB-14
Example Problems ......................................................................................... CB-21
CB.5.1 Example Problem CB.1 ..................................................................... CB-22
Homework Problems ..................................................................................... CB-25

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8.9

8.8.4
Example Problem 8.4 ......................................................................... 8-63
8.8.5
Example Problem 8.5 ......................................................................... 8-64
8.8.6
Example Problem 8.6 ......................................................................... 8-67
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 8-69

Chapt er 9: Com bined Bending & Ax ial For ces

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6

9.7

Introduction to Combined Effects ....................................................................... 9-1

The Combined Effects of Axial and Bending Forces .............................................. 9-1
Second Order Effects .........................................................................................9-3
SCM Second Order Effects ................................................................................. 9-7
SCM Combined Force Equations ......................................................................... 9-9
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 9-10
9.6.1
Example Problem 9.1 ......................................................................... 9-10
9.6.2
Example Problem 9.2 ......................................................................... 9-12
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 9-14

Chapt er 10 : Com posit e Beam s

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8

10.9

Introduction to Composite Beams ..................................................................... 10-1

Mechanics of Composite Behavior ..................................................................... 10-2
Shear Strength ................................................................................................ 10-3
Flexural Strength ............................................................................................. 10-4
Shear Connector Design .................................................................................. 10-9
Deflection Calculations ................................................................................... 10-12
The Design Process ....................................................................................... 10-13
Example Problems ......................................................................................... 10-15
10.8.1 Example Problem 10.1 ..................................................................... 10-15
10.8.2 Example Problem 10.2 ..................................................................... 10-20
Homework Problems ..................................................................................... 10-22

Ref er ences ............................................................................................................. Ref-1

Appen dices
Appen dix A: ASCE 7- 05 Load Com binat ions
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

2.5

Overview .......................................................................................... BGASCE7_2-1

The Load Combination Equations ....................................................... BGASCE7_2-1
Comparing LRFD & ASD Results ......................................................... BGASCE7_2-5
Example Problems ............................................................................. BGASCE7_2-9
2.4.1
Example Problem 2.1 ........................................................... BGASCE7_2-9
2.4.2
Example Problem 2.2 ......................................................... BGASCE7_2-11
2.4.3
Example Problem 2.3 ......................................................... BGASCE7_2-11
2.4.4
Example Problem 2.4 ......................................................... BGASCE7_2-12
Homework Problems ....................................................................... BGASCE7_2-14

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Chapt er 7: Concent r ically Loaded Com pr ession Mem ber s

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8

7.9

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 7-1

Slenderness Limit State ..................................................................................... 7-1
Limit State of Flexural Buckling for Compact and Non-Compact Sections ............... 7-2
Limit State of Flexural Buckling for Slender Sections ............................................ 7-4
Limit State of Bolt Bearing on Holes ................................................................... 7-8
Selecting Sections .............................................................................................7-8
Compression Member Summary ....................................................................... 7-10
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 7-11
7.8.1
Example Problem 7.1 ......................................................................... 7-12
7.8.2
Example Problem 7.2 ......................................................................... 7-13
7.8.3
Example Problem 7.3 ......................................................................... 7-15
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 7-16

Chapt er 8: Bending Mem ber s

8.1
8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7
8.8

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8-1

Flexure ............................................................................................................. 8-1
8.2.1
Flexural Limit State Behavior ................................................................8-2
8.2.2
Determining Applicable Flexural Limit States .......................................... 8-9
8.2.3
Flexural Yielding Limit State ............................................................... 8-11
8.2.4
Lateral Torsional Buckling Limit State .................................................. 8-12
8.2.5
Compression Flange Local Buckling Limit State .................................... 8-18
Beam Shear .................................................................................................... 8-23
8.3.1
Shear Behavior .................................................................................. 8-23
8.3.2
Shear Strength Limit State ................................................................. 8-25
Beam Deflection .............................................................................................. 8-27
8.4.1
Deflection Behavior ............................................................................ 8-28
8.4.2
Deflection Limit State ......................................................................... 8-28
Miscellaneous Beam Limit States ...................................................................... 8-31
8.5.1
Web Local Yielding ............................................................................ 8-31
8.5.2
Web Crippling .................................................................................... 8-34
Beam Design................................................................................................... 8-35
8.6.1
Selecting Sections .............................................................................. 8-35
8.6.2
Cover Plates ...................................................................................... 8-37
8.6.3
Transverse Stiffeners for Shear........................................................... 8-41
8.6.4
Bearing Plate Design .......................................................................... 8-43
8.6.4.1 Beam Bearing on Concrete or Masonry .................................. 8-45
8.6.4.2 Column Bearing on Concrete ................................................ 8-48
8.6.4.3 Beam Supporting Other Structural Element ............................ 8-49
8.6.5
Transverse Stiffeners for Concentrated Loads ...................................... 8-43
8.6.6
Continuous Beam Analysis & Design ................................................... 8-55
Bending Member Summary .............................................................................. 8-55
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 8-58
8.8.1
Example Problem 8.1 ......................................................................... 8-59
8.8.2
Example Problem 8.2 ......................................................................... 8-61
8.8.3
Example Problem 8.3 ......................................................................... 8-62

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Chapt er 4: Bolt ed Connect ion s

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

4.10

Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1

Mechanics of Load Transfer ............................................................................... 4-4
Finding Forces on Bolts ...................................................................................... 4-7
Hole Size and Bolt Spacing ............................................................................... 4-16
Tensile Rupture ............................................................................................... 4-17
Shear Rupture ................................................................................................. 4-19
Slip Capacity ................................................................................................... 4-21
Bolt Summary ................................................................................................. 4-25
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 4-26
4.9.1
Example Problem 4.1 ......................................................................... 4-27
4.9.2
Example Problem 4.2 ......................................................................... 4-29
4.9.3
Example Problem 4.3 ......................................................................... 4-32
4.9.4
Example Problem 4.4 ......................................................................... 4-37
4.9.5
Example Problem 4.5 ......................................................................... 4-39
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 4-42

Chapt er 5: Welded Connect ion s

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8

5.9

Introduction to Welding ..................................................................................... 5-1

Finding Forces on Welds .................................................................................... 5-8
Effective Areas and Size Limitations of Welds .................................................... 5-14
Effective Areas of Base Metal ........................................................................... 5-17
Strength Limit State ........................................................................................ 5-20
Designing Welds ............................................................................................. 5-24
Weld Summary ............................................................................................... 5-27
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 5-28
5.8.1
Example Problem 5.1 ......................................................................... 5-29
5.8.2
Example Problem 5.2 ......................................................................... 5-30
5.8.3
Example Problem 5.3 ......................................................................... 5-31
5.8.4
Example Problem 5.4 ......................................................................... 5-32
5.8.5
Example Problem 5.5 ......................................................................... 5-34
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 5-36

Chapt er 6: Buck ling Concept s

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

6.5

Buckling Basics.................................................................................................. 6-1

General Member Buckling Concepts .................................................................... 6-3
Local Buckling ................................................................................................... 6-6
Example Problems .............................................................................................6-9
6.4.1
Example Problem 6.1 ........................................................................... 6-9
6.4.2
Example Problem 6.2 ......................................................................... 6-11
6.4.3
Example Problem 6.3 ......................................................................... 6-13
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 6-23

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Cont ent s
Pr ef ace .......................................................................................................................viii
Ack now ledgem ent s ..................................................................................................... x
Chapt er DC: Basic Design Concept s
DC.1
DC.2
DC.3
DC.4
DC.5
DC.6
DC.7

Introduction to Design Theory......................................................................... DC-1

Design Objectives ........................................................................................... DC-5
Limit State Concepts ....................................................................................... DC-5
Searching for the Best Design ......................................................................... DC-7
ASD vs. LRFD ................................................................................................. DC-8
Loads and Their Combinations .......................................................................DC-13
Example Problems & Homework Problems ......................................................DC-16

Chapt er 1: I nt r oduct ion

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1-1

History ............................................................................................................. 1-2
An Overview of the AISC Steel Construction Manual ............................................ 1-3
Computational Considerations ............................................................................ 1-8
Homework Structures ........................................................................................ 1-9

Chapt er 2: Mat er ials

2.1
2.2
2.3

Steel Materials .................................................................................................. 2-1

Welding Materials ..............................................................................................2-6
Bolts ................................................................................................................. 2-7

Chapt er 3: Tension Mem ber s

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10

3.11

Tension Member Overview ................................................................................. 3-1

Slenderness ...................................................................................................... 3-3
Tensile Yielding of a Member ............................................................................. 3-4
Tensile Rupture of a Member ............................................................................. 3-6
Tensile Yielding & Tensile Rupture of Connecting Elements ................................ 3-12
Bolt Bearing on Holes ...................................................................................... 3-13
Block Shear Rupture ........................................................................................ 3-16
Selecting Sections ........................................................................................... 3-20
Tension Limit State Summary ........................................................................... 3-22
Example Problems ........................................................................................... 3-24
3.10.1 Example Problem 3.1 ......................................................................... 3-24
3.10.2 Example Problem 3.2 ......................................................................... 3-34
3.10.3 Example Problem 3.3 ......................................................................... 3-37
Homework Problems ....................................................................................... 3-39

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Copyright 2008
By T. Bartlett Quimby, P.E., Ph.D.
All rights reserved. This hardcopy edition of the manual may not be copied, reproduced or
distributed by any means without written permission from the author. The on-line version may
be freely accessed, printed, stored electronically, or otherwise distributed as long as pro per
credit is given to the author and there is no charge to anyone for the material. The author
reserves the sole right to profit from this material.

A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual

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A Beginner s Guide t o

t he St eel Const r uct ion Manual

An introduction to designing steel structures using the AISC Steel
Construction Manual, 13th edition.

By

T. Bar t Quim by, P.E., Ph.D.

Owner & Principal Engineer
Quimby & Associates
Eagle River, Alaska
Professor of Civil Engineering
University of Alaska Anchorage

August 2008