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nglish is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into
what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria .
Following the extensive influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British
Empire , and of the United States since the mid-20th century, [6] [7] [8] [9] it has been widely dispersed around the
world, becoming the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions. [10] [11] It
is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and
many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organisations. It is the third most natively
spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish . [12] It is the most widely spoken language
across the world. [13]
Historically, English originated from the fusion of languages and dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which
were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers by the 5th century with the
word English being derived from the name of the Angles, and ultimately from their ancestral region of Angeln (in what
is now Schleswig-Holstein). [14] A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin,
because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life. [15] The
language was further influenced by the Old Norse language due to Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.
The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman-French, and
vocabulary and spelling conventions began to give the superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance
languages [16][17] to what had now become Middle English. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England
in the 15th century is one of the historical events that mark the emergence ofModern English from Middle English.
Owing to the assimilation of words from many other languages throughout history, modern English contains a very
large vocabulary. Modern English has not only assimilated words from other European languages but also from all
over the world, including words of Hindi and Africanorigin. The Oxford English Dictionary lists over 250,000 distinct
words, not including many technical, scientific, or slang terms
Posted by Jayashri .v(student), on 18/12/11
When people make a great fuss over the merits and demerits of a language they overlook an important point that a
language is not merely a means of communicating thoughts but also a way of getting civilized.
Since, the date of Indias independence, there has been running many claims and counter-claims regarding the use
and importance of English in India. Some speak in favour while some others oppose the idea of retaining English as a
subject, in our school or college curriculum.
The British rules introduced English in Indian schools with a hope that the troubles in administration due to linguistic
barrier would disappear.
So some Indian nationalists claim that English should be removed from this country when the British rule in India has
come to the end. For them, English language carries a disgraceful memory of India 's subjugation. In their opinion,
Hindi should replace English for all purposes.
But the rival section of people judge English from academic point of view. They argue that English is a window
language. It is the most widely spoken language in the world. Through this language, India can establish her contacts
with the developed nations of the world.
Although Hindi has been pronounced as the national language in India, some non-Hindi speaking states have not yet
accepted it in practice. Thus it is practically impossible to achieve inter-provincial communication through Hindi.
The world is developing in the field of science and technology. Scientific inventions in Germany, France and Russia
cannot reach India through any language other than English India must keep up with the progress of the world in field
of science. Therefore, English is inevitable for our country.
Some people argue that importance scientific inventions by the German or the Russian or the French Scientists may
be translated into any Indian language and thus the necessity of learning English can be avoided. But it is a tough
task.
It involves multiple translations for example from German or Russian to English and then from English to an Indian
language. Scientific inventions get out-dated very quickly. A scientific invention in Germany or Russia will have
become out-dated and old by the time the same invention reaches the Indian scientists through translation.
When people make a great fuss over the merits and demerits of a language they overlook an important point that a
language is not merely a means of communicating thoughts but also a way of getting civilized.
Since, the date of Indias independence, there has been running many claims and counter-claims regarding the use
and importance of English in India. Some speak in favour while some others oppose the idea of retaining English as a
subject, in our school or college curriculum.
The British rules introduced English in Indian schools with a hope that the troubles in administration due to linguistic
barrier would disappear.
So some Indian nationalists claim that English should be removed from this country when the British rule in India has
come to the end. For them, English language carries a disgraceful memory of India 's subjugation. In their opinion,
Hindi should replace English for all purposes.
But the rival section of people judge English from academic point of view. They argue that English is a window
language. It is the most widely spoken language in the world. Through this language, India can establish her contacts
with the developed nations of the world.
Although Hindi has been pronounced as the national language in India, some non-Hindi speaking states have not yet
accepted it in practice. Thus it is practically impossible to achieve inter-provincial communication through Hindi.
The world is developing in the field of science and technology. Scientific inventions in Germany, France and Russia
cannot reach India through any language other than English India must keep up with the progress of the world in field
of science. Therefore, English is inevitable for our country.
Some people argue that importance scientific inventions by the German or the Russian or the French Scientists may
be translated into any Indian language and thus the necessity of learning English can be avoided. But it is a tough
task.
It involves multiple translations for example from German or Russian to English and then from English to an Indian
language. Scientific inventions get out-dated very quickly. A scientific invention in Germany or Russia will have
become out-dated and old by the time the same invention reaches the Indian scientists through translation.
Posted by Darshil Nanavat...(parent), on 17/6/13
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