Laboratory Hematology Test

Examination of the CBC (Complete Blood Count / CBC) is a kind of filter checks to
support the diagnosis of a disease or to see how the body's response to disease.
Besides, it also checks is often possible to see the progress or response to
treatment in patients suffering from an infectious disease.
Complete Blood Examination consists of several types of inspection parameters,
namely
1. Hemoglobin
2. Hematocrit
3. Leukocytes (White Blood Cell / WBC)
4. platelets (platelet)
5. erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell / RBC)
6. Index erythrocytes (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
7. Erithrocyte erythrocyte sedimentation rate or sedimentation rate (ESR)
8. Calculate Type Leukocyte (Diff Count)
9. Platelet disribution Width (PDW)
10.Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Inspection Complete Blood is usually recommended to every patient who comes
to a hospital accompanied by a clinical symptoms, and if the results were
obtained outside the normal values usually follow-up test is more specific to the
disorder, so diagnosis and proper treatment can be done immediately. The length
of time it takes a laboratory to conduct these checks ranges from a maximum of
2 hours. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that functions as a media
transport oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues and carrying carbon dioxide
from the body's tissues to the lungs. The content of iron contained in the blood
hemoglobin makes red.
In determining whether or not a normal person's hemoglobin level we must
consider the factors of age, although it is different in each clinical laboratories,
namely:
Newborns: 17-22 g / dl
Age 1 week: 15-20 g / dl
Age 1 month: 11-15 g / dl
kids: 11-13 g / dl
Adult Male: 14-18 g / dl
Adult women: 12-16 g / dl
The old man: 12.4-14.9 g / dl
Female parents: 11.7-13.8 g / dl
Levels of hemoglobin in the blood is low is known as anemia. There are many
causes of anemia among the most frequent are bleeding, malnutrition, bone
marrow disorders, chemotherapy and systemic diseases (cancer, lupus, etc.).
While high hemoglobin levels can be found in people who live in the highlands
and smokers. Some diseases such as pneumonia, tumors, preeklampsi,
hemokonsentrasi, etc. (Mulyatno, 2015)
hematocrit

Hematocrit is a measurement that determines the number of red blood cells in

100 ml of blood is expressed in persent (%). Normal hematocrit value for men
ranges from 40.7% - 50.3% while for women ranges from 36.1% - 44.3%. As
noted above, that the hemoglobin level is directly proportional to hematocrit
levels, so that increases and decreases in hematocrit occurred on the same
penyakitpenyakit. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cell / WBC)
Leukocytes are blood components that play a role in fighting infections caused
by viruses, bacteria, toxins or metabolic processes, etc. The normal value of
leukocytes range 4000-10000 cells / ul of blood. Decreased levels of leukocytes
can be found in cases of diseases caused by viral infections, bone marrow
disease, etc., while the increase can be found in bacterial infectious diseases,
chronic inflammatory diseases, acute bleeding, leukemia, kidney failure, etc.
(Mulyatno, 2015)
Platelets (platelet)
Platelets are part of the blood cells that helps in the process of blood clotting and
maintaining vascular integrity. Some abnormalities in the morphology of platelets
include giant platelets (thrombocytes large) and platelet clumping (platelets
clustered). The normal value of platelets ranged between 150000-400000 cells /
ul of blood. High platelet called thrombocytosis and most people usually no
complaints. Low platelets called thrombocytopenia, can be found in cases of
dengue fever (DHF), Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP), bone marrow
suppression, etc. (Mulyatno, 2015)

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell / RBC)

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells are blood components that most, and serves as a carrier /
carrier of oxygen from the lungs to be circulated throughout the body and bring
kardondioksida of the entire body to the lungs of normal erythrocytes paru.Nilai in men
ranges from 4.7 million - 6.1 million cells / ul of blood, whereas in women ranging from 4.2
million - 5.4 million cells / ul darah.Eritrosit high can be found in the case of
hemoconcentration, COPD (chronic obstruksif pulmonary disease), congestive heart failure,
smokers, preeclampsia, etc., whereas a low erythrocyte can be found in anemia, leukemia,
hyperthyroidism, systemic diseases such as cancer and lupus, etc. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Index erythrocytes (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
Usually used to help diagnose the cause of anemia (a condition in which there are too few red
blood cells). Index / value is typically used include:
MCV (Mean corpuscular volume) or erythrocyte volume average (VER), ie the average
volume of a red cell expressed by femtoliter (fl) = hematocrit erythrocytes MCV x 10 Rated
normal = 82-92 fl
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) or Hemoglobin Erythrocytes Average (HER), is the
amount of hemoglobin per erythrocytes is called the picogram (pg) MCH = Hemoglobin
Erythrocytes x 10 Rated normal = 27-31 pg
MCHC (Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) or the concentration of hemoglobin
erythrocytes average (Kher), namely hemoglobin levels didapt per erythrocyte, expressed in
percent (%) (unit more appropriate is "g / dL") MCHC = Hemoglobin Hematocrit x 100 The
normal value = 32-37%

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Erithrocyte erythrocyte sedimentation rate or sedimentation rate (ESR) is the erythrocyte
sedimentation rate in blood that has not been frozen, in mm / hour. LED is a non-specific test.
LED encountered increased during acute inflammation, acute and chronic infections, tissue
damage (necrosis), collagen diseases, arthritis, malignancy, and physiological stress
conditions (eg, pregnancy). International Committee for Standardization in Hematology
(ICSH) recommend to use inspection methods Westergreen in LED, this is because the length
of the pipette Westergreen be twice the length of the pipette Wintrobe so that the results are
still very high LED detected. LED normal value on the method Westergreen: Male: 0-15
mm / h Women: 0-20 mm / h. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Type Leukocyte count (Diff Count)
Leukocyte count is used to determine the number of different types of leukocytes. There are
five types of leukocytes, each of which has a specific function against pathogens. The cells
are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Leukocyte count results
provide more specific information about infections and disease processes. Leukocyte count
only shows the relative amount of each type of cell. To get the absolute amount of each type
of cell, the relative value (%) multiplied by the total leukocyte count, and the results are
expressed in cells / ml. Normal Values: Eosinophils 1-3%, 55-70% Neutrophils, lymphocytes
20-40%, 2-8% monocytes. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Platelet disribution Width (PDW)
PDW is a coefficient of variation of the size of the platelets. PDW high levels can be found in
sickle cell disease and thrombocytosis, while the PDW low levels of platelets can show that
having a small size. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is the coefficient of variation of the volume of erythrocytes. RDW high may indicate
the red cells are heterogeneous, and are usually found in iron deficiency anemia, a deficiency
of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency, whereas if the result is a low RDW can show
erythrocyte having a small size variations. (Mulyatno, 2015)
Dafpus
Mulyatno, Kris Floreal. "Examination of the CBC". 2015.
https://id.scribd.com/doc/289633304/Pemeriksaan-Darah-Lengkap