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WhatisAccessManagement?

AccessManagement(AM)
TrafficEngineering(SBEP1512)

ManagingAccess
ManagingandPlanningtheSpacing andDesign of:

Driveways

MedianOpenings

TrafficSignals

Interchanges/Intersections

Roundabouts
3

Whathappensifyoudont
manageaccess?

DefinitionofAM
FORMAL: Accessmanagementisthesystematic
controlofthelocation,spacing,design,and
operationofdriveways,medianopenings,
interchanges,andstreetconnectionstoa
roadway.(TRBManual)
Moreover: AMalsoinvolvesroadwaydesign
applications,suchasmediantreatmentsand
auxiliarylanes,andtheappropriatespacingof
trafficsignals.
IntroductiontoAccess
ManagementPrinciples

CumulativeImpactsofroadsidedevelopment
overtime

Slowedthroughtraffic,Excessivecongestion,Morecrashes,
Toomanydrivewaysandintersection,Moretraveltime,
Toomanyconflictpoints

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ConflictPoint

TrafficConflicts

Drivers make more mistakes when driving

in complex situations due to the numerous
conflict points.

Conflict Point

Location: Near Mahkota Parade, Bandar Hilir, Melaka, 2004

AccidentsatIntersection

Conflicts,contd

Traffic Conflict
Thinkofasingletrafficconflictasonerockinapond.
Theripplesareeasytoseeandarepredictable.
However,whendozensofrocksarethrowninatonce,
theripplesaredynamic,theycreatechaos,anditis
difficulttoavoidoneatthecostofanother.

Source: Flickr

IntroductiontoAccess
ManagementPrinciples

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GoalofAM

TypesofConflictPoints
Eachaccesspointcreatespotentialconflicts
betweenthroughtrafficandturningtraffic.

Limit thenumberandimpact ofdriverdecision

andconflictpoints fromimpactingonthrough
traffic
traffic.

Diverge

Merge

Stop/Queue

Cross

Akeygoalofaccessmanagementistomaintain
thefunctionalintegrity oftheroadwaysystem

Weave
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IntroductiontoAccess
ManagementPrinciples

12

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ConsequencesofPoorAM
Moreaccess=lessmobility
Lessaccess=moremobility
Mobility

Access

Increaseincrashes andcrashrates
Poorcapacitythroughput
Increasecommutingtime,fuelconsumptionand
vehicleemissionsastrafficsignalsintensify
congestionsanddelay
g
y
Reducedroadwayefficiency
Decreasedpropertyvalues
Morecutthroughtrafficinresidentialareas,because
arterialsareoverburdened
Homesandbusinessesareadverselyaffected
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EffectsofAccessManagement

LandscapedMedian

ImprovedSafety
Roadwayoperations:fluency,lesstraveltime
etc.
Localeconomy
L l
Landuse:Aestheticseffects
Landscapedmedians

Environmentaleffects
savefuelandreducepollution

10PrinciplesofAM
Principle 1
TRBAccessManagementManualpublished
l bl h d
in2003

SPECIALIZEDROADWAYSYSTEM

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RoadwayFunctionalClassification

RoadHierarchy
Increasing Pro
oportion of
Through T
Traffic

Freeway

AccessCategory

Function

1:Freeway

Majorhighways thatprovideaccessviainterchangesonly.Primarilyfor
intercitytravel.Nodirectaccesstolanduses/property.

2:MajorArterial

Ofregionalimportanceandisintendedtoservehightrafficvolumes
travellingrelativelylongdistances.Primarily servingthroughtraffic.
Accessiscontrolled.

3:MinorArterial

SimilarinfunctionasMajorArterialhoweveroperatesunderlowertraffic
volumestravellingovermoderatedistances.Connectsneighborhoods.

4:Major
Collector

Connectsbetweenarterialsandlocalstreets.Serve tripstravellingover
shortdistances.Mayprovidedirectaccesstoabuttingpropertiese.g.
commercial/industrial complexes,butNOTresidential.

5:Minor
Collector

SimilarinfunctionasMajorCollectorbutcarrieslowertraffic volumes
overshortdistances.Provideshigherdegreesofaccesstoproperties
includingresidential.

6:LocalStreet

Intendedtoprovidedirectaccesstoproperties.Connectstocollector
streets. Fortraffictravellingshortertrips.Havelowtrafficvolumes.

7:CuldeSac

ProvidesPRIVATEaccesstoproperties.Does notallowTHROUGHtraffic.

Major Arterial
Minor Arterial
M j C
Major
Collector
ll t
Minor Collector
Local Street
Cul-de-Sac
Increasing Access

TheRoadwaydesignSystem
Principle 2

LIMITDIRECTACCESS

ExampleofPoorAccess
Management

PoorAccessControl

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BetterAccess
Principle 3

PROMOTEINTERSECTION
HIERARCHY

RoadwayHierarchy:Illustration

ExampleofRoadHierarchies:Florida,
USA

Minor Artterial

Minor Arte
erial

Major Arterial

Local Street

FREEWAY

Major Collector
Cul-de-Sac

Roadhierarchy:CloseupView

RoadHierarchies:BiggerPicture(Peoria,Illinois,USA)

Minor Collector

Local Street
Cul-de-Sac

Minor Arterial

Major Collector

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RoadHierarchies:BiggerPicture(Peoria,Illinois,USA)

Principle 4

Freeway

M j Arterial
Major
At i l

Minor Collector
Major Collector

Minor Arterial

Cul-deSac

LOCATESIGNALTOPROMOTE
THROUGHMOVEMENT

Local Street

FacilitateThroughMovements

FacilitateThroughMovements

LimitingDrivewaysintheFunctionalAreaofan
IntersectionImprovesSafety

Principle 5

PRESERVETHEFUNCTIONSOF
INTERSECTIONS

Thefunctionalareaistheaffectedareaupstream
anddownstreamofintersection.
Limitingdriveways
g
y
helpsreducethe
numberofdecisions
motoristsmustmake
nearanintersection,
improvingsafety.
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FunctionofIntersection

FunctionofIntersection

Access connections too close to an

intersection can cause serious traffic
conflicts that results in accidents or
congestion!

Intersections are areas where

motorists decelerate, stops or
slows to complete the turn.

Proper spacing of intersection can

reduce the trauma of negotiating
a difficult intersection and reduce
chances of crashes!

Restore the function of intersection as providing access to

land uses NOT a place for accidents to happen!

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection
Principle 6

LIMITTHENUMBEROF
CONFLICTPOINTS

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

C
Crossing
i

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

=4

C
Crossing
i

=4

Diverge = 0

Diverge = 0

Merge

=0

Merge

=0

Total

=4

Total

=4

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ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

C
Crossing
i

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

=4

C
Crossing
i

= 16

Diverge = 4

Diverge = 4

Merge

=0

Merge

=0

Total

=8

Total

= 20

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

C
Crossing
i

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

= 16

C
Crossing
i

= 16

Diverge = 4

Diverge = 4

Merge

=4

Merge

=4

Total

= 24

Total

= 24

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

C
Crossing
i

ConflictPoints:4wayIntersection

= 16

C
Crossing
i

= 16

Diverge = 8

Diverge = 8

Merge

=4

Merge

=8

Total

= 28

Total

= 32

These conflict points HAVE NOT even

consider the pedestrian and bicyclist
movements!

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Solutions:4wayIntersection

Solutions:4wayIntersection

C
Crossing
i
Median

Median

Median

Median

Or,betterstill

=4

Total

=8

=0

Diverge = 2
Merge

=2

Total

=4

TaxonomyofaRoundabout
Circulatory
roadway

Merge

Roundabout

C
Crossing
i
Median

=1

Diverge = 3

Roundabout:PointsofConflict

Pedestrian crossing

Crossing

=0

Diverge = 4
Central Island

Splitter Island

Merge

=4

Total

=8

Yield line
Apron

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Roundabout:Benefits
Benefits

How?

Feweraccidents

Upto90%reductioninfatalities
30%40%reductioninpedestriancrashes
75%fewerconflictpointsthan4wayintersection

Slowerspeed

Drivershavemoretimetojudgeandreact
Saferforpedestrianesp.olderpeopleandchildren
Reducesseverityofcrashes

Efficient traffic flow

Efficienttrafficflow

30%50%increaseintrafficcapacity
30%50% increase in traffic capacity

Principle 7

Reduction inpollution Improvedtrafficflowforintersectionsthathandleahighnumberof

rightturns
andfueluse
Reducedneedforstoragelanes

Moneysaved

Nosignalequipmenttoinstallandrepair
Savingsestimatedatanaverageof$5,000peryearinelectricityand
maintenancecosts
Servicelifeofaroundaboutis25years(vs.the10yearservicelifeof
signalequipment)

Communitybenefits

Trafficcalming
Aestheticlandscape

HighAccessDensity

SEPARATECONFLICTAREAS

HighAccessDensity
Closely-spaced intersections create overlapping conflict points

SeparatetheConflictAreas
Principle 8

Separate the conflict areas

REMOVETURNINGVEHICLESFROM
THROUGHTRAFFICLANES

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ThroughTraffic

TurningTraffic

Turning traffic blocks through vehicles

TurningLanes
Principle 9

USENONTRAVERSABLEMEDIAN
FORRIGHTTURNING

TraversableMedian

NonTraversableMedian

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UnplannedCommunities
Principle 10

PROVIDESUPPORTINGSTREETAND
CIRCULATIONSYSTEM

WellplannedCommunities

Communities must be
planned with their
supporting street systems

Whatisacorridorplan
Anearterm(10year)plan.
Analysisoffuturetraveldemandand
performanceinthecorridor.
Evaluation of problems and needs.
Evaluationofproblemsandneeds.
Identificationofcorridorimprovementpriorities.

objectiveistocontinuetoprovidea
roadwaythatisbothsafeandefficient.

DifferentCorridor
Treatments

CorridorManagementAnalysis
` LandUseAnalysis

Medians size&width
Accesscontrol
Superstreets
Intersectioncontrol
Roundabouts
Stopsigns
Signals

Urbandesign(streetscape)
Bikelanes
Trafficcalming

` Existinglanduse
` Propertyownershipandparcelboundaries
` Existingzoning
` Planned,proposedandapproveddevelopments

` TrafficAnalysis
` Accidentdata
` Traffic(includingbike)andpedestrianvolumes
` Trafficgrowthandprojectedtrafficdemand
` Travelspeedandtrafficdelay
` Turningvolumes
` Vehicleclassificationcounts
` Queuing

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CorridorManagementAnalysis
RoadwayDesignandAccess

Rightofwaywidthoftheroadway
Numberandwidthoftrafficlanes
Medianwidthanddesign
Locationanddesignofallmedianopenings
widthandcurbtypes
Locationanddesignofallintersections
Locationofallaccessconnections
Locationanddesignofallrightturnandrightturnlanes
Locationandwidthofsidewalksandbikelanes
Typeanddesignoftrafficcontrolatallintersections

MIDTERMTEST
10th December

IndividualAssignment(10%)
Selectanappropriateintersectionoraroad
segmentwithtrafficaccessissuesinJBorin
yourhometown
Draw,identifyanddiscusskeytrafficAccess
Managementissues
Redesigntheselectedintersectionorroad
segmenttoimprovethetrafficsituationas
discussedwithin10principlesofTRB.
SubmissionTime:on/before27th Marchat5PM

THANK YOU..!!!
Questions
Questions..Input??
Input??

TotalMarks:40
TotalMarks:
40%
%

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