REFERENCES:

Factors:

Gender

Environment
o

Parents

Siblings

Peers

Have been studied to be

correlated with Autism
Spectrum Disorder
(Thapar, Cooper, Eyre, &
Langley, 2002),
Oppositional Defiant
Disorder, anxiety,
depression, and other
learning disorders
(Green, Wong, Atkins,
Taylor, & Feinlieb, 1999)

File: Family portrait.jpg - Wikimedia commons. (2007,

October 11). Retrieved December 4, 2016, from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Family_
Portrait.jpg
Grant, A. (2016, March 8). Speed of light not so constant
after all. Physics. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/speed-lightnot-so-constant-after-all
Green, M., Wong, M., Atkins, D., Taylor, J., & Feinleib, M.
(1999). Diagnosis of attentiondeficit/Hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44173/

AttentionDeficit
Hyperactivity
Disorder
A disorder that involves lack of
attention, and impulsivity and
hyperactivity. (Wodka et al.,
2007)

Mikami, A. Y., & Pfiffner, L. J. (2008). Sibling relationships

among children with ADHD. Journal of Attention
Disorders, 11(4), 482492.
doi:10.1177/1087054706295670
Rogers, M. A., Wiener, J., Marton, I., & Tannock, R. (2009).
Parental involvement in childrens learning:
Comparing parents of children with and without
attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Journal of School Psychology, 47(3), 167185.
doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2009.02.001
Siegler, R. S., DeLoache, J. S., Eisenberg, N., Saffran, J., &
Leaper, C. (2014). How children develop (4th
ed.). New York, NY, United States: Worth
Publishers Inc.,U.S.
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K. (2012).
Practitioner review: What have we learnt about
the causes of ADHD? Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 54(1), 316. doi:10.1111/j.14697610.2012.02611.x
Wodka, E. L., Mark Mahone, E., Blankner, J. G., Gidley
Larson, J. C., Fotedar, S., Denckla, M. B., &
Mostofsky, S. H. (2007). Evidence that response
inhibition is a primary deficit in ADHD. Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,
29(4), 345356.
doi:10.1080/13803390600678046

By: Amy Pham

PARENTS

Education and Gender

Females are diagnosed less than
males for ADHD no matter the
spectrum (Green et al., 1999).

May be overlooked and have

learning disorder.
Females also more likely to
listen to adults (Siegler,
Deloache, Eisenberg, &
Saffran, 2014).

Males show more impulsive and

disruptive behaviors (Siegler et al.,
2014).

More likely to be diagnosed

with ADHD.
More challenging to keep
male student focused if show
signs of disruptive behaviors.

Source of Attachment
o Good= Sense of comfort
and trust
Parenting Style
o Authoritative= most
effective
o Child less likely to act out
(Siegler et al., 2014)
Discipline
o Without proper guidance,
parents may use harsh
discipline
May lead to
negative outcomes
Less likely to follow
expectations
(Rogers, Wiener,
Marton, & Tannock,
2007)

Peers

More than likely show less

interest in ADHD child due to
difference in mentality.
o

May show more interest in

education due to parental and
societal expectations.

Siblings

Evolutionary Theorists
Parental involvement, whether it be in
school or not, increases ADHD childs
likelihood to develop at more similar
level as children without learning
disorder, and allows to understand
societal cues (Siegler et al., 2014).

Exclusion would lead to

neglect or rejection

Good source of support.

o Studies show that
siblings with at least
one them having ADHD
will have less of a
connection than
siblings with no
disorders in either
(Mikami & Pfiffner,
2008).
May allow for ADHD sibling to
feel less rejected or
neglected.

Future Studies

How parents can best teach

kids to get along and be
supportive

How siblings interact and how