naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia

qarTuli ena da
literatura

11

maswavleblis wigni

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis
ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier

gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi 2012

qarTuli ena da literatura

XI klasi
maswavleblis wigni

avtorebi:

naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia

redaqtori

nino Todua

dizaineri

daviT kutubiZe

ISBN 978-9941-10-540-1

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11
E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

, n. maRlakeliZe, n. kucia

N. Maglakelidze, N. Kutsia

`Georgian Language and Literature~, the Book of the Teacher 11, in Georgian
`Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

Sinaarsi
saxelmZRvanelos struqtura................................................................................... 4
maswavleblis wignis struqtura.............................................................................. 5
programa-silabusis nimuSi....................................................................................... 6
literaturuli komentarebi.................................................................................... 11
1.al. WavWavaZe _ gogCa............................................................................................ 11
2. grigol orbeliani _ `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~............................ 12
3. nikoloz baraTaSvili _ merani.......................................................................... 13
4. al. yazbegi _ xevisberi goCa.............................................................................. 15
5. vaJa-fSavelas poemebi............................................................................................ 17
a)`baxtrioni~.......................................................................................................... 17
b)aluda qeTelauri............................................................................................. 29
g)stumar-maspinZeli............................................................................................ 41
`gadarebT mzesTana~ _ qalTa saxeebi vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi......................... 49

meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis:

saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: 1) `moswavlis wigni~ _ qarTuli
ena da literatura, XI klasi, da 2) `maswavleblis wigni~ _ literaturuli da meToduri
komentarebi.
saxelmZRvanelos struqtura
`moswavlis wigni~ _ qarTuli ena da literatura, XI klasi, Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da Seesabameba moTxovnebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. aq warmodgenilia
sakiTxavi (qrestomaTiuli) masala saTanado meToduri aparatiT.
a) sakiTxavi masala _ ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT
gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo literatura:
1. aleqsandre WavWavaZe _ `gogCa~;
2. grigol orbeliani _ `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~;
3. gr. orbeliani _ `saRamo gamosalmebisa~;
4. n. baraTaSvili _ `xma idumali~;
5. n. baraTaSvili _ `sulo boroto~;
6. n. baraTaSvili _ `vpove taZari~;
7. n. baraTaSvili _ `SemoRameba mTawmindazed~;
8. n. baraTaSvili _ `merani~;
9. ilia WavWavaZe _ `mgzavris werilebi~;
10. ilia WavWavaZe _ `zogierTi ram~;
11. ilia WavWavaZe _ `bednieri eri~;
12. ilia WavWavaZe _ `kacia adamiani?!~;
13. ilia WavWavaZe _ `oTaraanT qvrivi~;
14. ilia WavWavaZe _ `gandegili~;
15. `TaobaTa brZola~ (ilia WavWavaZe `oriode sityva...~, gr. orbeliani `pasuxi SvilTa~,
ilia WavWavaZe `pasuxis pasuxi~);
16. akaki wereTeli _ `aRmarT-aRmarT~;
17. akaki wereTeli _ `qebaTa qeba~;
18. akaki wereTeli _ `gamzrdeli~;
19. al. yazbegi _ `xevisberi goCa~;
20. vaJa-fSavela _ `aluda qeTelauri~;
21. vaJa-fSavela _ `stumar-maspinZeli~;
22. vaJa-fSavela _ `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~;
23. vaJa-fSavela _ `kritika ipolite varTagavasi~;
24. vaJa-fSavela _ `baxtrioni~;
sakiTxavi masalis nawili (40%) SerCeulia Cven mier. vecadeT, rom igi Tematurad da
Janrobrivad dagvekavSirebina savaldebulo teqstebTan. es aris:
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Tengiz verulava _ `gogCa~ (mxatvruli ese)

jorj gordon baironi _ `hgodebdeT~;
persi biSi Seli _ `oda dasavleTis qarisadmi~;
jibran xalil jibrani _ `ieso Ze kacisa~ (nawyveti: `petre _ mezoblis Sesaxeb~);
solomon brZeni _ `qebaTa qeba~;
prosper merime _ `mateo falkone~;
nikoloz gogoli _ `taras bulba~;
4

7. akaki baqraZe _ `maradisobis rRveva~ (kritikuli werili);

8. jibran xalil jibrani _ `deda da Svili~;
rogorc am CamonaTvalidan Cans, saswavlo masalad SerCeulia sxvadasxva tipis teqstebi, romlebic davalageT qronologiis principiT (Tumca zogjer es principi darRveulia literaturuli paralelebis gasavlebad). ZiriTadad warmodgenilia me-19 saukunis qarTuli klasikuri literatura, mxatvruli paralelebisaTvis ki gamoyenebulia
rogorc sazRvargareTis mwerlobis, ise _ Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturuli kritikis nimuSebi, rac, Cveni azriT, xels Seuwyobs Sesaswavli masalis saTanado konteqstSi
gaazrebas.
b) meToduri aparati _ sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriT, kiTxvis strategiebis
dauflebas, meore mxriT ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur
aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi
TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (eqsplicituri _ faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), gaviazroT, SevafasoT (implicituri _ analizze, Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).
literaturul teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia warmodgenili mxatvruli stilis sakiTxebic, rac gulisxmobs rogorc mwerlis enobriv TaviseburebebSi garkvevas (es teqstis
marTebulad aRqmis erT-erTi aucilebeli komponentia), aseve _ saTanado sametyvelo
unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. saxelmZRvaneloSi am mizniT calke gaxlavT gamoyofili kiTxvebi teqstis mxatvruli analizisaTvis, aqvea mocemuli davalebebi da garkveuli rekomendaciebi.
sagangebo yuradReba eqceva aseve funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da
am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTad TaviseburebebSi garkvevas. igulisxmeba,
rom am etapze moswavle ZiriTadad ukve dauflebulia enis komunikaciur aspeqtebsa da
funqcionaluri gramatikis sakiTxebs, amitomac ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
mixedviT me-11 klasSi wina planze gaxlavT wamoweuli zepiri da weriTi metyvelebis iseTi
sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa: sajaro moxsenebis (zepiri gamosvlis) warmodgena konkretuli
auditoriis winaSe konkretuli mizniT, sajaro gamosvlebis mosmena da kritikulad Sefaseba, sajaro gamosvlis efeqtianobis gasaZlierebeli saSualebebis amocnoba da gamoyeneba, zepiri komunikaciis strategiebis gamoyeneba sajaro gamosvlis momzadebis dros...
mxatvruli nawarmoebis werilobiT gaanalizeba, sxvadasxva saxis eses dawera, recenziis
dawera wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze, sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli teqstebis SeTxzva, sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli
saSualebebis adekvaturad gamoyeneba... am unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas emsaxureba saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili rubrika: `metyvelebis kultura~, romlis mizania diskusiis xelovnebis daufleba (sadiskusio klubi) da sxvadasxva saxis werilobiTi teqstebis
ageba (mxatvruli ese, dargobrivi teqstebi, gamoxmaureba, recenzia, reziume, Tezisebi...)
wignSi aseve rubrikebis saxiT aris mocemuli Tvalsazrisi _ amonaridebi cnobili
kritikosebis naazrevidan _ da es sainteresoa _ Sesaswavl masalasTan dakavSirebuli
damatebiTi informacia. es, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs mkiTxvels ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas, ganuviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.
maswavleblis wignis struqtura
`maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. `maswavleblis wignSi~ warmodgenili masala pirobiTad or nawilad SeiZleba gavyoT: a) `literaturuli komentarebi~ _ damxmare sainformacio da kritikuli masala pedagogisaTvis, b)
`meToduri komentarebi~, romelic warmodgenilia programa-silabusis saxiT. silabusSi
mocemuli saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa da ara _ savaldebulo. maswavlebels SeuZlia misi Secvla klasis saerTo donisa da Tavisi Sexedulebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

programa-silabusi (nimuSi)
sagani _ qarTuli ena da literatura
klasi _ me-11
pedagogi _
kursis moculoba _ 170 akademiuri saaTi (34 samuSao kvira, 5 kvireuli saaTi).
a) saswavlo kursis miznebi:
informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba:
sxvadasxva saxis zepiri teqstis analizi tonalobis, enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT;
adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;
wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi);
teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba struqturul-gramatikul Tu stilistur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT;
teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da saTanado interpretaciiT warmodgena;
sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis teqstebis gamarTulad wera; gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis wesebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyeneba:

ganviTareba im sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebisa da strategiebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis,
debatebis, sxvadasxva Temaze kamaTis warmarTvas;
sxvadasxva saxis zepiri da werilobiTi teqstis Sefaseba maTi sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT;
wakiTxulis gadamowmeba da Sefaseba sandoobis, aqtualurobis, popularobisa da
sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT;
konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, kritikulad gadamowmeba
da monacemTa bankis Sedgena;
sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva.

mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva:

argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi gamovlenili
msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb;
literaturul nawarmoebze subieqturi mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da warmoCena;
literaturul nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli azrovnebis formebis identificireba, Sedareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi;
sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul faseulobaTa gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseuli da
SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;
6

 werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis

sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;
qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba.
b) saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSavebisaTvis
gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):
Tema romantizmi
1. Sesavali _ msoflio romantizmi, rogorc literaturuli mimdinareoba; qarTuli
romantizmi _ 1sT.
2. teqsti: al. WavWavaZe, biografiuli cnobebi, `gogCa~.
ena: leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi.
lit. Teoria: romantizmi, misi ZiriTadi niSnebi, qarTuli romantizmis specifika;
peizaJi; tropis saxeebi; lirikuli gmiri _ 3 sT.
3. teqsti: Tengiz verulava _ gogCa (aleqsandre WavWavaZes).
ena: sityva, rogorc leqsikuri erTeuli; leqsikonebi, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi
leqsikoni, misi gamoyeneba; funqcionaluri stili _ publicisturi stili da misi maxasiaTeblebi.
literaturis Teoria: tropi da misi saxeebi _ 2 sT.
4. teqsti: gr. orbeliani, biografiuli cnobebi, `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~.
ena: _ arqaizmebi.
literaturis Teoria: simbolo, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxi _ 3 sT.
5. teqstebi: gr. orbeliani, `saRamo gamosalmebisa~/damatebiT mgzavroba Cemi tfilisidam peterburgamdis (nawyveti).
ena: funqcionaluri stili _ dRiuri.
metyvelebis kultura: sajaro gamosvla _ monologi da misi saxeebi: leqcia, moxseneba, sityva, prezentacia _ sajaro gamosvla; dialogi.
lit. Teoria _ peizaJi, tropuli metyveleba _ 5 sT.
Semajamebeli mecadineoba _ 1 sT.
6. n. baraTaSvili, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.
7. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `xma idumali~.
ena: arqaizmebi.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba _ 2 sT.
8. teqstebi: n. baraTaSvili, `sulo boroto~, werili grigol orbelians.
ena: arqaizmebi, funqcionaluri stili _ piradi werili; sasaubro da wignuri stili,
maTi maxasiaTeblebi.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, epistoluri Janri _ 2 sT.
9. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `vpove taZari~.
ena: arqaizmebi.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba; riTma, misi saxeebi; simbolika, bibliuri saxesimboloebi _ 2 sT.
10. teqsti: n. baraTaSvili, `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~.
ena: arqaizmebi.
lit. Teoria: peizaJi, tropuli metyveleba, saxesimboloebi _ 3 sT.
11. teqstebi: n. baraTaSvili, `merani~, werili grigol orbelians.
metyvelebis kultura: funqcionaluri stilis saxeebi, piradi werili.
lit. Teoria : tropuli metyveleba, simbolika, gradacia_ 4 sT.
7

Semajamebeli mecadineoba: qarTuli romantizmi _ 1 sT.

12. teqsti: jorj gordon baironi, biografiuli cnobebi, `hgodebdeT~
_ 2 sT.
13. teqsti: jibran xalil jibrani, biografiuli cnobebi,`petre _ mezoblis Sesaxeb~
(nawyveti romanidan `ieso _ Ze kacisa~) _ 3 sT.
Semajamebeli mecadineoba: romantizmi, rogorc msoflio literaturuli mimdinareoba _ 1 sT.

Tema realizmi
1. Sesavali mecadineoba, realizmi, rogorc literaturuli mimdinareoba, qarTuli
realizmis warmoSoba, misi Taviseburebani, qarTveli samocianelebi, ilia WavWavaZe, biografiuli cnobebi _ 2 sT.
2. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `mgzavris werilebi~.
ena: funqcionaluri stili, publicisturi teqstebi da maTi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi.
metyvelebis kultura: citireba, perifrazi.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, alegoria, mxatvruli saxe-simboloebi, literaturuli personaJis daxasiaTebis xerxebi, mTavari da meorexarisxovani literaturuli
gmirebi _ 8 sT.
3. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `zogierTi ram~ (nawyvetebi).
ena: publicisturi stili.
metyvelebis kultura: literaturul-kritikuli eses ageba_ 3 sT.
4. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `bednieri eri~.
literaturis Teoria: satira, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis erT-erTi xerxi _ 3 sT.
5. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `kacia-adamiani?!~.
ena: funqcionaluri stili _ publicisturi da mxatvruli.
metyvelebis kultura: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba.
lit. Teoria: epigrafi, misi daniSnuleba; kontrasti; gmiris portreti _ 9sT.
6. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `oTaraanT qvrivi~.
metyvelebis kultura: Sedareba-SepirispirebiTi ese, teqstis organizeba, msjeloba,
argumentacia, argumenti.
lit. Teoria: literaturuli personaJi da misi funqcia; mwerlis stili da misi maxasiaTeblebi _ 9sT.
7. teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, `gandegili~.
lit. Teoria: kontrasti, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis erT-erTi xerxi; alegoria,
simbolo; gmiris portreti _ 4 sT.
Semajamebeli gakveTili: ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _1 sT.
8. TaobaTa brZola me-19 saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi:
a) teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe, oriode sityva Tavad revaz Salvas Zis erisTavis mier kazlovidgan `SeSlilis~ Targmanzeda (nawyveti).
ena: funqcionaluri stili _ publicistika da misi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi _ 3 sT.
b) teqsti: gr. orbeliani `pasuxi SvilTa.
lit. Teoria: metonimia _ 3 sT.
c) teqsti: ilia WavWavaZe `pasuxis pasuxi~.
metyvelebis kultura: rogor movemzadoT prezentaciisaTvis (saprezentacio teqsti
_ Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvniTi nawili).
lit. Teoria: pamfleti, litotesi _ 4 sT.
8

Semajamebeli gakveTili: mamebi da Svilebi _ 1 sT.

9. akaki wereTeli, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.
10. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, qebaTa qeba.
lit. Teoria: mxatvruli saxe-simboloebi, tropuli metyveleba, poeturi stilistika _ 3 sT.
11. teqsti: qebaTa-qeba solomonisa.
lit. Teoria: poeturi saxe-simboloebi, bibliuri da literaturuli paralelebi _ 3 sT.
12. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, `aRmarT-aRmarT~.
lit. Teoria: riTma, riTmis saxeebi, omonimuri (majamuri) riTma; poeturi saxe-simbolo _ 2 sT.
13. teqsti: akaki wereTeli, `gamzrdeli~.
metyvelebis kultura: mizez-SedegobiTi ese, misi organizeba.
lit. Teoria: lit. gmiris daxasiaTebis xerxebi _ 5 sT.
Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT.
14. al. yazbegi, biografiuli cnobebi 1 sT.
15. teqsti: al. yazbegi, `xevisberi goCa~.
ena: mwerlis enobriv-stilisturi Taviseburebani.
lit. Teoria: tragikuli gmiris cneba _ 7 sT.
16. teqsti: n. gogoli, biografiuli cnobebi, `taras bulba~.
lit. Teoria: personaJis sulieri da zneobrivi portretis Seqmna _ 4 sT .
17. teqsti: prosper merime, biografiuli cnobebi, `mateo falkone~, literaturuli
paralelebi _ 4 sT.
18. teqsti: akaki baqraZe, arsebobis maradisobis rRveva, anu Svilis mkvleli mama.
ena: funqcionaluri stilistikis sakiTxebi, samecniero-popularuli stili; teqstis
ageba.
metyvelebis kultura: oponireba _ 4 sT.
Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT. (sul 20 sT, 4 sasw. kvira).
19. vaJa-fSavela, biografiuli cnobebi _ 1 sT.
20. teqstebi: vaJa-fSavela,`aluda qeTelauri~, stumar-maspinZeli.
ena: mwerlis ena.
lit. Teoria: poeturi saxe-simboloebi.
metyvelebis kultura: recenzia _11 sT.
Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT.
21. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~ (nawyveti).
ena: funqcionaluri stili.
metyvelebis kultura: Tezisebi _ 3 sT.
22. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `baxtrioni.
ena: mwerlis enis stiluri maxasiaTeblebi.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, peizaJi, poeturi saxe-simboloebi _ 6 sT.
23. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, kritika b.ip. varTagavasi.
ena: funqcionaluri stili.
metyvelebis kultura: reziume_ 4 sT.
24. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ram Semqmna adamianad~.
ena: poeturi stilistika.
lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba _ 1 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili - 1 sT.

SeniSvna:
silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 30 samuSao kviraze (150 sT.). 4 samuSao
kviras _ 20 saaTs _ maswavlebels vutovebT gegmiuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _
damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis.
g) wlis bolos mosalodneli Sedegebi _ am masalis gavlis Semdeg moswavles unda
SeeZlos:
XI.1. sajaro moxsenebis warmodgena (zepiri gamosvla) konkretuli auditoriis winaSe
konkretuli mizniT.
XI.2. sajaro gamosvlebis mosmena da kritikulad Sefaseba.
XI.3. sajaro gamosvlis efeqtianobis gasaZlierebeli saSualebebis amocnoba da gamo
yeneba.
XI.4. sajaro gamosvlis momzadebis dros zepiri komunikaciis strategiebis gamoyeneba.
XI.5. sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.
XI.6. mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstis elementebis gaanalizeba da interpretireba.
XI.7. mxatvruli nawarmoebis enobrivi saSualebebis gaanalizeba maTi funqcionirebis
TvalsazrisiT.
XI.8. kiTxvis efeqturi strategiebis arCeva da gamoyeneba.
XI.9. mxatvruli nawarmoebis werilobiT gaanalizeba.
XI.10. sxvadasxva saxis eses dawera.
XI.11. recenziis dawera wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.
XI.12. sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli teqstebis SeTxzva.
XI.13. saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis adekvaturad gamoyeneba sxvadasxva
saxis teqstis Sesaqmnelad.
XI.14. weris strategiebis gamoyeneba naweris organizebisaTvis.

10

literaturuli komentarebi
al. WavWavaZe, gogCa~
imperiis msaxurebisagan Tavisufal dros Tu stumrobda poeti gogCis (sevanis) napirebs _ `fiqrT gasarTvelad~, rogorc nikoloz baraTaSvili ityoda.
gogCa Turqulad lurj wyals niSnavs. qarTul wyaroebSi sevani gelaqunis tbadac
ixsenieba.
sevanis mimdebare teritorias gegarquniks uwodeben. saxelwodeba unda momdinareobdes xelmwife amasis vaJis, mxedarTmTavar gegamis saxelidan.
gogCa (sevani) Zv. w.-aR-is meore-pirveli aTaswleulis mijnaze urartus saxelmwifos
CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda.
imdroindel nagebobaTa dRemdis SemorCenil naSTebze urartus mefeTa _ ruse pirvelis, argiSTi pirvelis (Zv. w. VII saukune) warwerebia.
ax. w.-aR-is merve saukuneSi sevanis tbaSi arsebul kunZulze monastrebi aigo. aqvea
xaCkarebi (qva-jvrebi). aq damkvidrebuli berebi ebrZodnen arabebs, Temur-lengs, sparselebs.
ukanasknel berebs 1930-ian wlebSi daatovebines monastrebi.
amave wlebSi tba kinaRam daSra, mikroklimati Seicvala, roca sevanis sarwyavad gamoyeneba scades (, 1990).
***
`venitas~ (wuTisoflis warmavlobiT gamowveuli sevdis) motivis saTave eklesiastemde aRwevs~ (al. kalandaZe).
aleqsandre WavWavaZis `gogCa~ 1841 wels daiwera, nikoloz baraTaSvilis `fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~ _ 1837wels.
pavle ingoroyva wers: `baraTaSvilis `fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~ uaxloesad gansazRvravs
`gogCis tbis~ poetur tonuss. aq Cven gvaqvs naCrdili TviT poeturi mizanscenebisa~
(p. ingoroyva, nikoloz baraTaSvili, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, Tb., 1983, gv. 122).
wylis simbolika ZvelTuZvelesia. heraklites miaweren cnobil gamoTqmas: `yvelaferi
mdinarebs~ (yvelaferi mdinaresaviT medinia) ( , . , 1989, 410).
`...drosa msrvelis celiT, yovlTa warmwymediT,
ciurTa mjobni mSveneblobac sxvTaebr mosTvlila!~ _ ambobs poeti.
ai, bedi da WeSmariti dasasruli adamianuri arsebobisa, brwyinvalebisa, didebisa,
fufunebisa, adamianis Sromisa da cdilobisa (mcdelobisa).
Zveleburad aRelvebs talRebs mxolod gogCa da Zveleburad awydeba napirs, imave
mTebSi CaZiruli, imave laJvardi cis qveS mdebare. igi ireklavs maradiuli bunebis suraTs da exmianeba droTa brunvas, rogorc saukuneTa winaT, TviTon ucvleli.
`naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals da queyanai hgies ukunisamde. aRmoxdebis mze
da daxdebis mze da adgiladve Tvisda miizidvis~ _ ambobs eklesiastes avtori. mxolod
buneba aris maradiuli, sxva yvelaferi cvalebadia, warmavali, ngreva da ganadgureba
moelis. amitom aris sevda maradiuli amqveynad.
Satobriani, SeZrwunebuli vezuvis vulkanis naxviT gamowveuli STabeWdilebebiT, filosofiurad dafiqrebuli adamianis didebis warmavlobaze, wers: `ras niSnavs mTeli es
samefoTa gadatrialebani bunebis am movlenis gverdiT, romelic saxes ucvlis dedamiwasa
da zRvas? ramdenad ufro bednierni iqnebodnen adamianebi, rom amden dros ar xarjavdnen erTmaneTis tanjvisaTvis. erTxelac ar gauxsnia vezuvis Tavisi saSineli ufskrulis
xaxa qalaqebis CasanTqmelad ise, rom adamianTa Soris ar waswydomoda sisxlisa da cremlis Rvars _ urTierTSuRliT gamowveuls. rogoria adamianTa arsebobis pirveli niSnebi,
raic im vulkanis Camqral ferflSi ixiles? _ sawamebeli iaraRebi da borkilgayrili
ConCxebi~ (manana kakabaZe, qarTuli romantizmis erovnuli safuZvlebi, Tb., 1983, gv. 102).
aleqsandre WavWavaZis `gogCa~ adamiansa da bunebas Soris kosmiuri kavSiris gaazrebis
11

cdaa. leqsSi TiTqmis aRaraa klasicisturi RvlarWnileba. ideba xidi ukacriel bunebasa
da pirovnebis intimur samyaros Soris.
bunebis foni gamoyenebulia istoriis, adamianTa mwuxare Tavgadasavlis akompanimentad (al. kalandaZe).
sawuTroul zRvaSi (zRva da tba, arsebiTad, erTi da igive paradigmaa _ wuTisoflis
warmavloba-medinobis warmomCeni) eklesiaa mxsneli xomaldi. `marTlmadidebluri taZari simbolurad xomalds gamoxatavs, romelmac sawuTros mSfoTvare zRvaSi adamiani
navsayudelTan unda miiyvanos. berZnulad taZars ewodeba `naos~, rac xomalds niSnavs~
(gazeTi `madli~ #3, 1990).
wuTisofeli mRelvare zRvad mraval Semoqmeds warmouCenia:
1. j.b. tabi, `tba~;
2. lamartini, `tba~;
3. lotreamoni, `maldororis simRerebi~;
4. bodleri, `adamiani da zRva~;
5. heminguei, `moxuci da zRva~;
6. galaktioni, `sanTlebi~...

grigol orbeliani
`Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~
es leqsi moxuci grigol orbelianis locvaa, saqarTvelos umSvenieresi mefisadmi
aRvlenili.
`RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis beTaniis mamaTa monasteri mdinare veres tyian xeobaSi mdebareobs.
rogorc istorikosi stefanoz orbeliani gadmogvcems, monasteri jer kidev XI saukuneSi arsebobda, rogorc didgvarovan feodalTa saZvale.
miviwyebuli da gaveranebuli beTaniis monasteri nadirobisas SemTxveviT aRmoaCina grigol orbelianma... XX saukunis miwuruls monastris winamZRvris, mRvdel-monazon
spiridonisa da savanis Zmobis RvawliT monasteri kvlav amoqmedda~ (T. caguriSvili,
erTma berma Tavisi locviT SeiZleba mravali adamiani acxovnos, `karibWe~ # 14(25), 12-25
agvisto, 2005, gv. 30).
`beTania~ `puris saxlad~, `morCilebis saxlad~ iTargmneba. ierusalimis maxloblad
mdebare es sofeli bibliaSia moxseniebuli. swored beTaniidan mouyvanes ufals kicvi;
aqauri iyo lazare. aq ganmartovdeboda macxovari salocavad, aqedanve amaRlda zecad
(beTaniis alagas axla muslimTa sofeli el-azariexia) (bibliis enciklopedia, m., 1990
(rus. enaze)).
beTaniis jvargumbaTovani taZari (Tbilisis samxreT-dasavleTiT 16 km-ze) agebulia
Tamaris sicocxleSi, laSas Tanamosaydred gamocxadebis xanaSi. aq aris freskebi giorgi
III, Tamarisa, laSa-giorgisa..
SemorCenilia Tamaris 4 freska: varZiis, yinwvisis, berTubnis, beTaniis.
freska yofila daviT-garejSic, rasac adasturebs Teimuraz pirvelis leqsi `Tamaris
saxe daviT-garejas~.
...freskis ostati uTuod didostati unda yofiliyo, radgan freska ixateba svel
baTqaSze (sveli baTqaSi swrafad isrutavs fers). `fresko~ italiurad `svels~ niSnavs.
gansxvavebuli teqnikaa `seko~ _ mSral baTqaSze xatva. sekos teqnikiTaa Sesrulebuli
atenis sionis kedlis mxatvroba.
freskis mxatvarTa profesiuli daavadeba xelis revmatizmia.
freskis saRebavs sxvadasxva adgilas moipovebdnen: TeTrs _ kunZul melosze, yviTels
(atikur oqras) _ sinopSi, wiTels _ neapolSi.
12

badaxSanis (avRaneTi) laJvardovani (lurji) saRebavi sabadodan CamoutaniaT.

bizantielebi marmarilos fxvnils ar umatebdnen freskis saRebavs, amitom maTi freska ar brwyinavs (italiurisgan gansxvavebiT).
`traqtatSi ferweris Sesaxeb~ Cenino Cenini uTiTebs, rom `qalaqSi gazrdili qaTmis
kvercxis cila TeTrgvremani, soflisa _ Savgremani saxis dasaxatad gamoiyeneba (avT.
varTagava, rogor cxovroben freskebi, Tb., 1991).

nikoloz baraTaSvili
merani~
leqsis daweris sababsa da adresatze azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs.
tradiciuli SexedulebiT, rac grigol orbelianisadmi miweril werilSi (1842 wlis
2 maisi) gamoTqmul mosazrebebs eyrdnoba, leqsi iliko orbelianis datyvevebis Semdegaa
Seqmnili.
nikolozi swers biZas iliko orbelianis Sesaxeb (iliko iyo Zma grigolisa, biZa
nikolozisa), romelic tyved hyolia Samils.
CrdilokavkasielTa beladi moxiblula ilias vaJkacobiT. am ukanasknels uTqvams
SamilisaTvis, romelsac sxva tyveebisaTvis Tavebi dauyrevinebia:
`Samil! rogor ekadreba Sens saxels magisTana uwyaloeba! Tu ginda, magiT SeaSino
vinme, vin unda SeaSino? yvelani sikvdilis Svilebi varT. WeSmaritad, axla mec sikvdili
mirCevnia Sens xelSi yofnas!~
nikoloz baraTaSvili auwyebs grigol orbelians: `Samils sdomebia ilias gamoSveba,
magram ese yoCaRad rom unaxavs da amis gvaris-Svilobac Seutyvia, ufiqria, es kargi
aficeri unda iyoso da iqneba, rusebma Cems SvilSi gamicvalono... axla darRoSia, sadac
Samilis col-Svilia da simagre da kargadac Turme inaxavs... zogjer amisTana SemTxvevac
kargia kacis sicocxleSi.
... (`ai, ras fiqrobs poeti ilikoze~ Tu `ilikos
nacvlad~, `ilikos magivrad~, `ilikosaviT~?! _`~ aq, cota ar iyos, xelovnuri, arabunebrivi formaa...~ rostom CxeiZe).
nikoloz baraTaSvils mohyavs mTeli leqsi `mirbis, mimafrens...~ Semdeg dasZens: `ar
vici, es leqsi rogor mogewoneba. aq ki bevri cremli, tyuili da marTali dainTxa amis
wakiTxvaze, rasakvirvelia, imitom, rom amas ambobs ilia tyveobaSi, da ara me. ilias daWera
rom Sevityve, hswore giTxra, Zalian Sevwuxdi, ase, rom sami dRe gabruebuli viyav aTasis
sxva da sxva ucnauris fiqriT da surviliT, da rom ekiTxaT ki CemTvis, mec ar vicodi,
ra mindoda. bolos, mesame dRes, es leqsebi davwere da TiTqos aman raRac Sveba momcao.
vcdilob, rom ilikos rogorme mivawodo. vici, gulSi Caicinebs da ar iqneba, miT ara
enugeSos ra... yovelive sofelSi R(v)Tis nebaa da mwuxarebiT... veras (v)uSveliT ilikos.
Cveni safiqrebeli es aris, rom viRonoT ram imis gamoxsnisaTvis... fefos mwuxareba
gvawuxebs yvelas. xom ici, tyveoba da sikvdili Cvens dedakacebs erTi hgoniaT. metadre,
lekis tyveoba...~(fefo _ efemia orbeliani, da grigolisa da ilikosi, deda nikolozisa).
rogorc werilidan Cans, leqsis lirikuli gmiris monologi viTomc ilia orbelianis
tkiviliani da maRali fiqria: `amas ambobs ilia tyveobaSi da ara me~.
kritikosi rostom CxeiZe miiCnevs, rom tatom, ubralod, SeniRba leqsis namdvili
`warmomTqmel-adresati~ _ aleqsandre bagrationi _ kavkasiis ruseTisagan gaTavisuflebis mowadine, SviliSvili ereklesi da ...mama Samilisa (arsebobs aseTi versiac).
aleqsandre batoniSvils ara mxolod qarTvelebi, Crdilo-kavkasielebic udides pativs scemdnen da TeTr cxenze amxedrebuls `mfrinav iskandarad~ (`mfrinav aleqsandred~)
ixseniebdnen.
visac ar unda eZRvnebodes `merani~, es nawarmoebi Tavisuflebis sagalobelia.

13

***
iona meunargia, cxovreba da poezia nikoloz baraTaSvilisa, Tb., 1968
`baraTaSvili mainc baraTaSvilia, rac unda ZonZi Caicvas am kacma, is aris `meranis~
avtori.
sxva rom ara daewera ra, mainc mefe eTqmis mecxramete saukunis qarTuli mwerlobisa.
`merani~ ar aris srulad originaluri leqsi baraTaSvilisa, rogorc `sadRegrZelo~
ar aris originaluri poema orbelianisa. Tavi da pirveli azri leqsisa ekuTvnis poloneTis didebul poets mickeviCs. baraTaSvilis cxovrebis aRweris dros Cven vnaxeT, rom
im dros, roca is gimnaziaSi swavlobda, iq aswavlidnen mickeviCis leqss `fariss~, `Cems
merans~ (`merani~) am leqsis mibaZvaa.
farisi niSnavs mxedars, rainds.
mickeviCma dawera Tavisi poema poloneli orientalistis, v. rJevuskis saxsovrad,
romelsac is bedi ewia, rac poemis mxedars. veneceslav rJevuski samecniero gamokvlevisaTvis arabeTs iyo wasuli, sadac 15 weli dahyo. mcire xniT evropaSi Camosvlis Semdeg
xelaxla ganSorda samSoblos, TvisTa da megobarTa. da wavida arabeTs, saca daiRupa ise,
rom col-Svilma ambavic ver Seityo misi.
farisSi gamoxatulia arabi (rJevuskis eZaxdnen `emir Tajul-fexrs~), daulevel udabnoSi gavardnili, sadac arc wyalia, arc mcenare, arc kacis suli moiZebneba, saca marto
qviSa da mzea, marto mze da qviSaa. arabi sZlevs yovelgvar dabrkolebas, romelic imas
xvdeba gzaze da ganagrZobs win-qrolvas.
Suagul udabnoSi saSineli CxaviliT aedevneba Zelqori, romelsac mxedrisa da cxenis
leSis mada aSlia, magram arabi imasac daaRwevs Tavs.
mfrinavis Semdeg daeweva cis Rrubeli. es afrTxilebs mxedars, rom win ar wavides,
radganac win arc erTi cvari wyali ar aris, magram verc es muqara SeaSinebs Tavganwirul
mxedars.
gza-gza is Seeyreba udabnoSi daRupul qaravans, magram verc es Zvlebi moiyvans gonze
arabs.
bolos atydeba saSineli qariSxali, romlis mZvinvarebasac gadaurCeba mxedari. Semdeg is ganerTxeba dedamiwaze da moisvenebs. dauwyebs cqeras varskvlavebs. misi fiqrebi
ikargebian zecas da fiqrebTan erTad, misi sulic.
` ~, _ aTqmevinebs poeti
udabnoSi daRupul mxedars.
Cvenma poetma gadmoitana Tavis leqsSi mxolod dedaazri leqsisa: mxedari, merani
da CaurTo Siga da Sig elementebi `farisisa~: `TvalbediTi Savi yorani~, `gaswi, merano~,
`kldeni~ da `mxolod varskvlavTa, TanamavalTa~ da sxv. (es elementebi mickeviCsac arabuli leqsebidan aqvs gadmoRebuli, rogorc lagranJis anTologiidan Cans). magram Sinaarsi
misi leqsisa sul sxvaa, vidre Sinaarsi `farisisa~.
baraTaSvilma Cinebulad gamoiyena mickeviCis leqsis saerTo foni. `farisSi~ aravin
icis, ratom gadmoWrila arabi, sad miiswrafvis igi! baraTaSvilis leqsSi ki mxedris ganzraxva cxadia. is mifrinavs, rom gaeqces kacs, sworTa da megobarsa, mamuls, romelTanac
yofna moswyenia, rom an niavs misces Savad mRelvare fiqri, an Tan gaatanos mernis giJur
ltolvas. arabul meranze baraTaSvilma suliT oboli kaci Sesva, romelsac, rogorc
viciT, kacTa Soris yofna ezareba. es merani ugzo-ukvlod miafrens mxedars, romelic
beds ar eurCeba.
baraTaSvilis `merani~ dawerilia imgvarsave SemTxvevis gamo, romlis gamoc dawerilia
mickeviCis poema. rogorc am ukanasknelma dawera `farisi~ rJevuskis dakargvis gamo, baraTaSvilmac, rogorc is TviTon aRniSnavs gr. orbelianTan miweril erTs baraTSi, `Cems
merans~ dawera maSin, rodesac Seityo, rom misi sayvareli biZa ilia orbeliani dakarguliyo, _ Samilis miuridebs moetacnaT da tyved waeyvanaT...~ (gv. 78-80).

14

al. yazbegi
xevisberi goCa~
(mwerliseuli minaweri: `es moTxroba sityviT-sityvamde miambo friad moxucma moxevem, Rinja xulelma~).
solomon yubaneiSvilis azriT, `xuleli xuleliZidan aris warmoebuli, xuleliZeebi
cxovroben xevis or sofelSi gaibotensa da ToTSi. gaiboteni (lelT Runias mSobliuri
sofeli _ n. k.) mdebareobs Tergis kideze marcxena mxares, xolo ToTi _ cota zemoT
gaibotnidan. am Rinjas soflad, irakli Cqareulis cnobiT, sofel gaibotens asaxeleben,
magram, zogi cnobiT, Rinja sofel ToTidan yofila, es ukanaskneli cnoba ufro swori
unda iyos. al. yazbegi ToTSi aZovebda cxvars da albaT am dros gaicno da dauaxlovda
Rinjas. xevSi Rinjas `dinjas~ uwodeben, magram al. yazbegs `elgujasa~ da xelnawerebSic
is Rinjad hyavs moxsenebuli. es saxeli arc erTi formiT dRes ar cocxlobs~ (al. yazbegi, Txzulebani or tomad, t. II, variantebi da SeniSvnebi sol. yubaneiSvilisa, gv. 519).
`xevisberi goCa~ pirvelad daibeWda `droebaSi~ 1884 wels (# 171-238), meored _ al.
yazbegis TxzulebaTa IV tomSi 1892 wels. arsebobs `xevisberi goCas~ xalxuri variantebi.
al. yazbegis cnobiT, folkloruli wyaro mas Rinja xulelisagan hqonia mosmenili (qarTuli proza, t. XI, Tb., 1986, gv. 767).

***
oTar CxeiZe, barnovi, Tb., 1989
xevisberi goCa: `(aleqsandre yazbegis `elgujas~ personaJi) abdia jalabauri aris goneba xalxisa, sindisi xalxisa, siwminde da moudrekloba xalxisa, es igive xevisberia, xalxis rCeuli, romelic ganagebda yovelives Temisa _ sasulieros, sasamarTlos, samxedro
saqmeTa.
is rCeuli iyo da Zalovani, aRsavse Wkua-gonebiTa, zneobrivi siwmindiTa, pirdapirobiTa, yovelgvari sikeTiTa. is iyo rCeuli swored am RirsebaTa gamo, iyo suliT maRali da
amamaRlebuli Temisa... es istoriuli saxe pirvelad `elgujaSi~ amotivtivda, TavisTavad
wamovida, xalxi amRelvardeba da winamZRoli, cxadia, win moeqceva, romanis siuJetSi sxva
ram adgili ar moepoveba, xalxi daiSleba, isic gadis xalxTan erTada, _ rogorc Semodis, iseve gadis. saxe mxatvrulad moTavebuli ver aris. magram mainc sagulisxmoa, etyoba, abdia jalabaurma sxva ram moagona aleqsandre yazbegsa, sxva amozida, xevisberobis
didi tradicia amoitana, es wminda saxalxo saxe amoativtiva da daupirispira ukuRmarT
mmarTvelebsa, ara arCeul, aramed daniSnul moxeleebsa, romlebic kidev ufro aukuRmarTebdnen isedac ukuRmarT kanonebsa. ase unda gazrdiliyo saxe abdia jalabaurisa,
ase unda Sobiliyo saxe xevisber goCasi; ase unda Sepirispirebuliyo awmyo da warsuli,
istoria da Tanadrouloba.
grigol orbelianma yazbegs homerosi Searqva, diadi saxeli metsaxelad Searqva da
beberi Zvlebi dauamda, ocdaTormeti weli gaaxsenda da dauamda beberi Zvlebi..
Turme isev cocxali yofiliyo guli erisa, iseva feTqavda da goCasaviT xelapyrobili imave sityvebs imeorebda: `ar daiviwyo, rom sadac Seni mama-papa gaCenila da damarxula, sadac maTi Zvlebia Cafluli, imas gedavebian da ar daanebo... maTac cota Wiri
ar unaxavT TavianT miwa-wylis dacvis dros, maTis sisxlis nakaduls miwa qvesknelamdis
gauJRenTavs... axla Tqven iciT, rasac iqT~...
yvelafers Tavisi dro undoda, xolo dromdisin goCasnairi brZeni undoda, goCasnairi mrisxane da wminda, goCasnairi foladi unda hqonoda xmaSi, ro uTavbolod Serxeuli
xalxisaTvis, udrooda da vnebianad SeqanebulTaTvis SeeZaxna da SeeCerebina, _ gaxsovdeT, visi gorisani xarTo!...
aSkaraa, aleqsandre yazbegma dramebiT ro daiwyo mxatvruli Semoqmedeba, iolad veRar daaRwia Tavi dramaturgiul kompozicias, romanSic veRar daaRwia Tavi. es arc Tu
15

cudi ram gamovida, kompoziciuri simkvrive Tu simkveTre mis romanebs Tavisebur emociebs matebs da STabeWdilebas aZlierebs. magram romani mainc romania, gaSlili dineba
uyvars, ambavTa siuxve sCvevia. Tumca wyaluxvia mTis mdinareca, oRond Cqaria, kalapoti
aqvs daqanebuli, viwro, da lamazi, momxiblavi yovel kuTxidana. yazbegic mTis mdinareebs dasdarebia, mTis bunebas damsgavsebia, xasiaTiTa, SemoqmedebiTa, Tavisi gmirebiTa,
aragviviT daqanebula da mtkvars ro dasjaxebia, gaupia, aqeT-iqiT miuyria imisi mRvrie
Cqerebi~ (gv. 123-127).
nugzar erisTavi: (gard. daaxl. 1618w.) _ misi asuli rusudani colad hyavda giorgi saakaZes. 1603 w. aujanyda kaxeTis mefes da qarTlis mefis, giorgi X-is qveSevrdomi gaxda. 1612
w. g. saakaZesTan erTad iranSi gaiqca, magram maleve dabrunda ukan (igive wyaroebi, aseve,
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. 4, Tb., 1973); nugzar erisTavia mama zurab erisTavisa.
`istoriidan `xevisber goCaSi~ nugzar erisTavi Semodis. am saxels kargad icnobs `qarTlis cxovreba~, ixseniebs vaxuSti, beri egnataSvili; icnoben da ixsenieben kaxeTs mefe
aleqsandresTan mimavali rusi elCebi.
beri egnataSvili nugzariaanT warsulsac igonebs mokled, mokveTilad, rogorc
hferobs istorikossa: `nugzar aragvis erisTavis mama-papaTa amoswyvites patroni xevisa TeqTurmanisZe da daiWires xevi da mieriTgan misca mefeman... romelTame mTiuleTi,
romelTame duSeTi da ananuri da iqmnes xevis mis erisTavad~ (qarTlis cxovreba, s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema, t. II, Tb., 1959, gv. 390)...
sisxliT daiwyes aragvis erisTavebma, sisxli Tqrialebda aragvis saerisTaoSi...
nugzar erisTavi, sabuTTa mixedviT, xevsa batonobs, imisi samflobelo CerqezTa batonis samflobelos ebjineba, dariali SemokalTavebuli aqvs, darials imisi kacebi icaven,
uimisod darials veravin gamoaRwevs, verc rusTa elCebi, mefe aleqsandresTan momavalni;
damoukidebelia mTis aqeTa da gadamTiel mefeTagan, Zlieria da Seuvali, xolo romanis
mixedviT sxva ram gamodis _ TiTqos xevi ubatono yofiliyos, TiTqos nugzar erisTavs
moendomebinos xevis damorCileba, gaelaSqros, damarcxebuliyos, ukuqceuliyos. mwerals TiTqos abuCad augdia mematianeni, miurev-mourevia imaTi monaTxrobi, ... mxolod saxeli SeunarCunebia, mrisxane saxeli _ nugzar da imis garSemo sxva ram ambavi gamouxlarTavs _ xevisberis umtkices saxes rac gamohkveTda... nugzari Sah-abazis drois moRvawea,
aragvis mrisxane erisTavi, romelic TamaSobs qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebiT, rusTa xelmwifes Tavs acnobs, Sah-abasTan axlo urTierToba aqvs... misi cxovreba saxelmwifoebriv
saerTaSoriso movlenebs gadasjaWvia, magram mwerals ar unda amxela asparezi, esoden
didi da rTuli movlenebi. misi nawarmoebi mokveTilia, dramatulia da ara epikuri, amitom mxolod erTi mkveTri, Tu umkveTresi epizodi undoda imis cxovrebidana... epizodi
bevri iyo am mRelvare cxovrebaSi, oRond ar iyo laSqroba xevis winaaRmdeg...
aragvis erisTavTa sisxlian matianeSi, moyolebuli vanaTeli aznauridan, sidamonidan, romelman mosrna adrindeli ganmgebelni xevisa da maTs magier Tavisi STamomavalni
daamkvidra... XVIII saukunis 40-ian wlebamdis _ aragvis saerisTaos gauqmebamdis erTaderTi nugzar erisTavi icis istoriam...
aragvis erisTavebi erTimeoreze ufro saSiSarni iyvnen,... aqeT qsnis saerisTaos
epotinebodnen, iqiT _ kaxTa mamulebsa...
nugzars xevis winaaRmdeg ar ulaSqria, samagierod, CerqezTa winaaRmdeg ilaSqra,
laSqarma xevze gadaiara Tu gadmoiara, Tagaurelnic CerqezTa winaaRmdeg axldnen nugzarsa, avtorma nugzari Tagaurelebianad aqeT, xevisken Semoabruna da brZolis asparezi
CerqezeTidan xevs gadmoitana...
SesaZloa, arc CerqezeTs gulisxmobda, arc xevsureTs, arc romelime sxva kuTxes
saqarTvelosi _ yvelas aerTebda, erTsaxed warmoidgenda... xevi iqceoda simbolod maradiuli brZolisa erTianobis, simtkicis, TviTmyofelobisa da damoukideblobisaTvis...
mxatvruli konfliqti zogaddeboda, Sordeboda farglebs feodaluri Tu kuTxuri
omebisa, Sordeboda sazRvrebs istoriisa da Tanadroulobas univTdeboda~ (gv. 128).

16

aragvis saerisTavo: feodaluri saqarTvelos samxareo administraciuli erTeuli,

romelsac marTavda mefis mier daniSnuli erisTavi aragvis xeobasa da Tergis saTaveebSi...
wyaroebiT cnobili pirveli erisTavebi arian SaburisZeebi (XIII s-dan), romlebic memkvidreobiT flobdnen am saxels. XVs-is Sua xanebidan aragvis saerisTavo erisTavebis
mamulad, anu saTavadod iqca. XVI s-Si vanaTelma (patara liaxvis xeoba) aznaurma qsnis erisTavebis daxmarebiT amowyvita aragvis erisTavebi da TviTon daepatrona saerisTavos.
amieridan aragvis erisTavebad misi memkvidreni iniSnebodnen.
aragvis erisTavTa rezidencia iyo duSeTi da sioni, mTavari cixe _ ananuri, saZvale da
sagvareulo monasteri _ bodorna.
aragvis saerisTavo saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi mudam mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobda. gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda XVII s-Si, rodesac nugzar, zurab da zaal erisTavebi TavgamodebiT ibrZodnen, erTi mxriT, sruli politikuri damoukideblobis mosapoveblad da, meore mxriT, fSav-xevsureTisa da erwo-TianeTis dasapyrobad da dasabegravad.
jer zurabma (XVII s-is 20-ian ww-Si) da Semdeg zaalma (50-ian ww-Si) droebiT daipyro erwoTianeTi. didZali msxverplis miuxedavad, erisTavebi mainc ver ewivnen sawadels _ 1743w.
ajanyebulma aragvelebma mokles beJan aragvis erisTavi da aragvis saerisTavo kaxeTis
mefes, Teimuraz II-s gadasces. man aragvis saerisTavo samefo mamulad gamoacxada da erekle II-is vaJs, vaxtang batoniSvils saufliswulod misca. 1803w., almasxan batoniSvilis
gadasaxlebis Semdeg, aragvis saerisTavo ananuris mazris ufross dauqvemdebares (wyaro:
gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri urTierTobis istoriidan (qarTlis saTavadoebi), Tb., 1955;
vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, wgn. qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, Tb; 1973).

vaJa-fSavelas poemebi
`baxtrioni~
baxtrionis brZola kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis gmiruli epizodia, romelsac vaJafSavelam poema `baxtrioni~ (1892), akaki wereTelma ki moTxroba `baSi-aCuki~ (1895) miuZRvna.
oficialur istoriografiaSi am brZolis Sesaxeb mwiri cnobebia Semonaxuli, zepirsityvierebaSi ki mdidari masalaa daculi.
cixe baxtrionisa md. alaznisa da iltos SesarTavis maxloblad iranelebma XVII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi aages, Sah-abas II brZanebiT. cixesimagre umTavresi dasayrdeni iyo
kaxeTSi sparselTa batonobis gansamtkiceblad da Camosaxlebul momTabare TurqmanTa
uSiSroebis uzrunvelsayofad.
1616 w. Sah-abas pirvelis mier 300 000 kaxelis ayrisa da fereidanSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg Camosaxlebul iqna 80 000 eli (momTabare Turqmani), rogorc sparselTa dasayrdeni
kaxeTSi. xalxur leqsSi konstatirebulia:
`axmetas sxedan TaTrebi, sityvas amboben Znelsao,
axmetas CavWriT venaxsa, Sig CavasaxlebT elsao~.
kaxeTis ajanyebis dros mTavari brZola baxtrionis cixesTan momxdara. sparselebs
alaverdis monasteric ki cixesimagred eqciaT. kaxeTi orad gaeyoT _ nawili yarabaRis
beglarbegis, nawilic naxiWevanis mmarTvelisaTvis gadaecaT.
Camosaxlebulma Turqman-elebma kaxeTi gadagvarebis safrTxis winaSe daayenes. daiwyo
didi saxalxo moZraoba, romelsac saTaveSi biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis
erisTavebi, zaal aragvis erisTavi Caudgnen. ajanyebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes TuSfSavel-xevsurebma zezva gafrindaulis, nadira xoSaraulis, gogolauris meTaurobiT.
qarTvelebi RamiT, mtrisTvis moulodnelad, dasxmian Tavs baxtrionisa da alaverdis
17

cixeebs. TaTrebi amowyvites. kaxeTi fizikur ganadgurebasa da sulier gadagvarebas gadaurCa.

zaal aragvis erisTavi, mtris davalebiT, sakuTarma Zmiswulebma mokles, biZina, Salva
da elizbari sparselebma wamebiT daxoces, (qarTulma eklesiam isini wmindanebad Seracxa).
mTaSi ajanyebis moTaveT xalxma leqsebi, simRerebi gamouTqva.
vaJa-fSavelas poema baxtrionis brZolis gmirul epizods acocxlebs, ganadidebs saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol mTiel gmirebs:
TuS zezva gafrindauls, xevsur nadira xoSarauls, fSavel gogolaurs, gamogonil
personaJebs: sanaTas, lelas, kvirias, xevisber luxums...
vaJa, qveynis WeSmariti Wirisufali, gznebs, rom kaxeTis Wiri sruliad saqarTvelos
Wiria. sxva kuTxeni dalxinebiT ver icxovreben, Tuki Tund erTs gadagvarebis, iavarqmnis
safrTxe emuqreba.
gansakuTrebul siyvaruls kaxeTisadmi vaJa sxvaganac gamoxatavs, `samSoblos Svenebad~
naTlavs:
`Tvals ver vacileb baxtrions, ayvanili myav Svilada,
natbevaria sisxlisa... luxum-zezvasebr erTguli mas eyoleba Zvirada!...
avayeneb ki tiriliT gardasul qarTvlis gmirebsa?
xmals vinc iqnevda, kvdeboda mklavze sisxlgadamdinari,
vinc vera sTmobda mamulsa, mtris razmSi elvad mfrinavi,
`ar mogcemT Cemsa samSoblos!~ amiranis xmiT mgrgvinavi~ (`kaxeTs~).
poemaSi vaJa warmoaCens mtrisagan iavarqmnil kaxeTs:
`saqme gaWirda ... urjulo TaTrebisgana,
daTareSoben, kaxeTi misces qarsa da niavsa...
awiokeben qal-rZalsa, namussa hxdian Zalada,
krefaven urjuloebi silamazesa Ralada...
mTeli kaxeTi qceula Ciqila-moxdil qalada...
arvin gadurCaT rjulZaR(l)Ta, yvelas begaras adeben,
visac hklven gza-gzispirebze, Tavebs margilze ageben,
Sadian sxvisa saxlSia, kars ukrZalavad aReben~.
arc fSav-xevsureTs adgas ukeTesi dRe. xoSarelnic (fSavelni) TaTris jars auwiokebia, `gasuqda xoSarisgori samareebiT xSiriTa~; TiTqos `droeba damdgara im meormosvlis
wamisa~. Cqami arsiT ismis, xalxi TiTqos ayrila, midamo gaudaburebula.
amgvaria foni `baxtrionisa~ _ iavarqmnilia qveyana.
sulisSemZvrelia, damTrgunvelia SegrZneba imisa, rom
`ara sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa,
kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.
ase didxans ver gagrZeldeba; qarTvelni acnobiereben, rom beds Serigeba damRupvelia,
mtris aRlaReba _ damamcirebeli.
kaxelni SeuTvlian TuS-fSavel-xevsurT:
`Cvenac xom Tqveni Zmani varT sisxliT, xorciT da rjuliTa.
mterma dagvCagra, gviSveleT, gautexelno guliTa.
ubarod, gana ar iciT, mTanic ro vera gvaroben?
gviSveleT, fSavel-xevsurno, barze TaTrebi xaroben;
Cvenis sayrdebis trapezTan exla molebi galoben~.
alaverdis monasterSi, baxtrionis cixeSi TaTarTa garnizoni dgas, marTlmadidebeli
mRvdlis qadagebis nacvlad, molas `galoba~ gaismis.
18

Ciqilamoxdilia qveyana... vaJa xazgasmiT warmoaCens umTavress:

`ubarod... mTanic vera gvaroben~.
swored es codna, es mrwamsi aZlierebs TuS-fSavel-xevsurTa saxmobad mTas wargzavnil kviria maTurels, fSavelTa xevisber luxums, TuSTa belads, zezvas, xevsur nadira
xoSarauls...
TiToeuls gulSi Rrmad CaubeWdavs mTavari:
`manama vcocxlobT, mteri gvyav, bevrad sjobs, viyvneT cdazeda,
roca dro mova... de, gaqres bedis varsklavi cazeda!
cocxals ki unda exuros vaJkacsa qudi Tavzeda.
sicocxles augiansa sikvdili mijobs xmalzeda.
ros Cemi bina sxvas hrCeba, Cemi coli da Svilebi,
Tu duSmnis xmali ar momklavs, me TviTon gavigmirebi~.
`baxtrionis~ personaJTaTvis ganuyofelia mamulis unapiro siyvaruli RvTis usazRvro rwmenisagan. isini gzneben, rom kaxeTis gamosaxsnelad SemarTulT Tavad wminda
giorgi uwinamZRvrebT. brZolis win Tamaris naCuqar laSaris jvars ganadideben, swamT,
rom uflis wminda mxedars `uyvaran fSavel-xevsurni, damdgarni erTsa pirzeda~.
(werilSi `kritika b. ip. varTagavasi~ vaJa sagangebod aRniSnavda: `CemTvis marto is
faqti kmaroda, rom mTis xalxi, sxvadasxva Temebi, romelnic xandaxan erTmaneTsac ki
hlaSqravden, ar indobden, am Jamad SaerTden, erTsulovanoba gamoiCines da Zmurad mieSvelnen bars gaWirvebis dRes~).
laSqari sasoebiT Sescqeris wminda giorgis, cis tatnobze mtredisfrad gabrwyinebuls,
gazafxulis yvaviliviT mSveniers, spis winamZRols, da bednieri, imediani RaRadebs:
`adide laSaris jvari, cisa da qveynis iero!
netav, ra mteri iqneba, exla gagviZlos, biWebo~.
wminda giorgis kvalSi CamdgarT, rCeulni sardloben mTielT. xevisberi luxumi gulCvilia, mtris sikvdilis mzerisasac ki Tvalebi uwyliandeba, kvirias winaswarmetyveluri
sizmari gulsa stkens, cremls daadens, `keTilad axdeso, gulaCuyebiT~ natrobs; gauCinarebuli kvirias saxelsa da Rirsebas icavs, apilpilebuli laSqris `koWli da lugumi
sityvis~ damwunebeli.
es gulCvili, Tvalmowylianebuli mamuliSvili brZolis velze iseTive Seupovari, Seud
rekeli mebrZolia, rogorc misi Zmadnafici, TuSi zezva gafrindauli, romlis mrwamsia:
`visac Cven ar vebralebiT, Cven SavibraloT risada?
sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~
(da mainc _ `erTi cremliT meti~ (b. xaranauli) zezvaze).
aseve swamT `samoTxis yvaviliviT mSvenier~ lela baClelsa da yunWiviT Tavmdabal
kviria maTurels, romelnic, sakuTari sicocxlis fasad, baxtrionis cixis kars gauReben
laSqars.
`sulis mxuTav droSi~ (luxumiseuli sityvaTSeTanxmebaa) rwmenasa da sasoebas ar hkargavs unaTlesi qali, afxuSouri sanaTa, beriZis qvrivi, Svidi vaJkacisa da qmris erT dRes
damkargavi, sajares rom `martos aunTav sanTlebi da xatic udidebia~. `Tu amamyridiT
mtris javrsa, SvilT arc ki movigonebdio~, aRuTqvams kvirias.
qarTvelTa erTiani ZalisxmeviT, `baxtrions TaTris Svilebsa dRe gauTendaT Savia~.
madlierma mefem mTiulT saxnav-saTesni uboZa, mTavari jildo saxeli iyo, `Zvirfasi
sapovaria~. udidesi pativiT dakrZales brZolaSi saxelianni; dedis metma, arvin daitira
19

`sicocxliT sikvdiliani~ wiwola, `omSiiT gamoqceuli..~

gadarCa ulamazesi qarTuli kuTxe, gadarCa `nisli, fiqri mTebisa~, deka-Rviani, gadarCa qarTuli suli;
xevisberi luxumis Sesaxeb lamazi legenda Seqmna xalxma, `maRali, maRlamxedi~ mamuliSvilis sikvdilisaTvis vergammetebelma:
maRali kldis qvabulSi, pirquS, xavsian mRvimeSi mcxovreb, `bevris avisa moqmeds~ uxsenebels Seebrala beri luxumi, daWrili, mkerd-natyviari.
Tamaz Cxenkelis SefasebiT, `feriscvaleba-gardaqmnis paTosi vaJas poemebSi ara marto adamianebs, aramed ganpirovnebul borotul arsTac moicavs. am feriscvalebis sqema
miTosuri xasiaTis models gulisxmobs _ zesknel-qvesknelis sferoTa brunvas da, Sesabamisad, qvesknelis saufloSi arsTa gardacvaleba-ganaxlebas... is, rom qvesknelis gamoqvabulTan mwoliare daWril luxums wylulebs ulokavs gveli, miTosur planSi amave
mniSvnelobis faqtia da qvesknelisagan mis STanTqmas, anu mis RvTaebriv gardacvlaferiscvalebas da, maSasadame, mis ganaxleba-gankurnebas aRniSnavs. qvesknelSi Zalmocemuli luxumi mkvdreTiT unda aRdges, rom SeiZlos `laSaris gorze~ (zesknels) Sedgoma~.
vaJas luxumi da ilias aCrdili (myinvarze mdgari moxuci) saqarTvelos `Tanamdev,
ukvdav suls~ ganasaxiereben, verc erTi dampyrobeli rom verasodes daTrgunavs, uxsenebelsac ki gvelur bunebas daaviwyebs, borotebis gzas gaaSvebinebs da keTils daaWerinebs.
zezva da luxumi
`samSoblos Svenebad~ monaTluli kaxeTisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi vaJa-fSavela wers:
`Tvals ver vacileb baxtrions, ayvanili myav Svilada, _
natbevaria sisxlisa, dRes ganisvenebs tkbilada;
luxum-zezvasebr erTguli mas eyoleba Zvirada!~ (`kaxeTs~).
luxumi da zezva `baxtrionis~ mTavar personaJebad warmoaCina vaJam, gmirebad,
romelTa winamZRoloba eocnebeboda iranel dampyrobelTagan dabeCavebul qarTvels,
mkvnesars:
`ara sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa,
kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.
luxumisa da zezvas pirovnuli sidiadis gasacnobiereblad, upirvelesad, gaazreba
sWirdeba imas, ra sazar Zalas daupirispirdnen mamuliSvilni.
zaal aragvis erisTavTan, biZina ColoyaSvilTan, elizbar da Salva erisTavebTan erTad, zezva gafrindauli kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis erT-erTi sulisCamdgmeli iyo (TuS
zezvas mxarSi edgnen xevsuri nadira xoSarauli, fSaveli gogolauri). luxumi gamogonili personaJia.
Sah-abas II brZanebiT, XVII s-is 50-ian wlebSi kaxeTSi momTabare Turqmanuli tomebis
Casaxleba daiwyo. elebi (Turqmanebi) iranelTa dasayrdens warmoadgendnen. maTi (da Tavisi) interesebis dasacavad sparselebma baxtrionis cixe aages, alaverdis monasteri cixesimagred gadaakeTes.
swored baxtrionsa da alaverdSi gamagrebuli iranuli garnizonebi amowyvites ajanyebulebma da kaxeTi sulieri gadagvarebisa da fizikuri ganadgurebisagan ixsnes.
vaJa-fSavelas luxumi da zezva WeSmariti mamuliSvilebi arian, aRmqmelni qveynis
Wirisa da tanjulni samSoblos sveubedurebiT. xedaven, raca sWirs kaxeTs, `samSoblos
Svenebas~.
xoSarisgoric (fSavi) samareebiT gasuqebula. qarTvelTagan ukeTesni acnobiereben,
rom mtris aRlaReba damrTgunvelia, damamcirebeli. beds Serigeba damRupvelia. kaxelTa
sasowarkveTil vedrebas mTielni ver wauyrueben.
20

mterTagan gatanjul moZmeTa vedreba suls uSfoTebs mamuliSvilebs.

luxums laSarisgorze xatavs vaJa. fSavel-xevsurni ikribebian, raTa xoSarelTa da
kaxelTa sisxli azRvevinon aRlaRebul sparselT. sumeljaurni, WinWaraulni, WormiSeli,
Wieli, Rulelebeli, xaxmateli... vaJebi mgluri nabijiT modian, `TiTos xevs aragvisasa
Tan mosdevs laSqris Rvaria~.
fSavelT mouZRvis luxumi. lurjac `patronis gulis mcodne~ hyavs. qadagi aimedebs
`lomisfer vaJebs~, rom mTielTa laSqars Tavad wminda giorgi uwinamZRvrebs, radgan
`uyvaran fSavel-xevsurni, damdgarni erTsa pirzeda~.
kaxeTisaken daZvramdis Tamaris naCuqari laSaris jvari, didi Tamari da brZolebSi
daRupuli gmirebi moixsenia spam.
`xevisbrobs beri luxumi, xmatkbilad moubaria,
gmirTa qebiT da didebiT guli ver moufxania~.
luxumis lbili buneba `xmatkbilad moubrobaSic~ sWvivis. Tanamlmobelia, sxvisi Wiris gulTan mimtani. damwuxrebul, Sefiqrianebul kvirias TanagrZnobiT ekiTxeba, cudi
sizmari xom ar ginaxavs, Tu agrea, weras mogxsnio.
maTurelis uaris Semdeg wyenanarevi sayveduriT etyvis kvirias: `Tu ar gviambob,
kviriav, CamogyriT droSis Werasa~.
kvirias winaswarmetyveluri sizmari SeZravs luxums.
`ewyina luxums sizmari, cremlebi mosdis wyvilada.
`keTilad axdes!~ _ mainc sTqva gulaCuyebiT, rbilada~.
vaJa gamudmebiT usvams xazs luxumis bunebis sirbiles, simSvides, Tanamlmoblobas.
banaks misul lelas gakvirvebiT ekiTxeba, `am sulis mxuTav droSia~ mama omSi rad
ggzav
niso. roca Seityobs SanSe baClelis avadobis ambavs, dasevdianebuli, anugeSebs
qals, `vkmarvarT mtrisada zianado~.
danarCenTagan gansxvavebiT, didbunebovani luxumi ar ijerebs ucabedad gamqrali
kvirias `Ralatianobas~, ver warmoudgenia `egre muxTlad Ralati, egre uRmerTod tyueba, mtrisa salxenad Zmebisa SinaiT gamotyueba?!~
saWiroebisamebr, mrisxanebs kidec _ sastikad aukrZalavs spas kvirias augad moxseniebas:
`ar radme meWaSnikeba sityva koWli da lugumi.
kacs magis metad ver icnobT, magis met ar gaqvT Snoeba?...
Ralats ra unda CvenSia, rogori gvadga droeba?!~
`wynari da rCeuli sityva~ moiTxova laSqrisagan luxumma.
`vefxistyaosnis~ personaJTa Sexvedrasa hgavs luxumisa da zezvas Seyra naqeralaSi.
qarTvelTa upirvelesi poemis gmirTa `silaRe da ukadroba~ cocxldebodes TiTqos.
rogorc tarieli `gaukadnierdeba~ fridons, luxumic ityvis zezvaze, TuSTa gasagonad:
`me jer TaTrebTan ra minda, magisi sisxli mwyuria,
duRs da gadmoduRs gulidam magis mtroba da Suria~.
rogor mSviddeba spa, roca rwmundeba, rom es oden xumrobaa, rom `erTmaneTisa survili orsve hqoniyo wylulada~.
siamovnebiT umzers laSqari, rogor ekinklavebian erTurTs Zmobilni, rogor `akoces
mxurvaled~.
daberebulxar, WaRara gagxSirebiao, sinanuliT etyvis luxumi. zezva miugebs:
21

`laSqrobam Camomabera, ZaRlumadurad gdebama,

srul laSqarsa var, rac kia ZuZus mamsxlita dedama~.
moagona erTad gadaxdili omebi, isic, rom luxums ebraleboda xolme mokluli mteri,
Tvalebi uwyliandeboda, gansxvavebiT zezvasagan, romlis mrwamsiTac:
`visac Cven ar vebralebiT, Cven SavibraloT risada?
sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~
roca TuS-fSav-xevsurTa jari ficiT Seikra, `maRlidam makurTxebeli Tavze daadgaT
jvaria~. zeciT ikurTxa qarTul tomTa erToba.
`baxtrions TaTris Svilebsa dRe gauTendaT mwaria~. TaTrebs mihkioda Seupovari
zezva, xmalamowvdili miuZRoda laSqars luxumi.
`mTeli TuSeTis darad~ monaTles zezva, tanad momcro, suliT maRali, vaJkaci, `Rirsi, welT ertyas xmalia~. hSvenoda loms dazarniSuli fari elva-qariviT swrafs. rjulZaRlT daWres da gawires cocxal-mkvdari, magram niri ver acvlevines.
`Tu gahzdis, furma gazardos aimisTana xaria!~
cxare cremliT tirodnen TuSebi....
...beri luxumi, `damrigebeli fSavisa~, brZolaSi dahkargoda spas. ifiqres, TuSeTs
xom ar gahyvao daWril Zmobils, zezvas... sagoneblad eqcaT patronis dakargva.
luxumi eris Tanamdevi ukvdavi sulia, legendas Sefarebuli.
`maRali da maRlad mxedi~ mamuliSvili sikvdilisaTvis ver gaimeta xalxma.
luxumi gansaxierebaa dampyrobTagan dauTrgunveli, maradukvdavi sulisa, uxsenebelsac rom `gadaubrunebs gunebas...~

***
grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957
`baxtrionis~ cnobili luxumi xalxur leqsSi warmodgenilia, rogorc marjvenamokveTili:
`mesamed gamoxtomaSi luxums muxl mastyda mglisao...
xeli marjvena maaWres, wesic ar iyo mTlisao...
simSiliT daRonebulma quCi moZova mTisao;
wyurviliT daRonebulma cvari aloka cisao.
luxums gvel SamaeCvia, muxls uloks, ukurnisao.
ori kvira ro wavida, luxums muxl eqna mglisao~.
vaJam marjvenis mokveTis mxriv ar gamoiyena xalxuri leqsi, magram poemis erTi saukeTeso adgili uTuod am leqsiTaa nasazrdoebi (`ityvian: maRlis mTis Zirsa..~).
`baxtrionSi~ rom vaJas aqauri (am _ n.k.) luxumis saxe aqvs gamoyenebuli, aRniSnuli
aqvs akademikos akaki SaniZes (gv. 173).

***
vaxtang razikaSvili, mamaCemi _ vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1973
vaJas gmirebi sinamdvilidan arian aRebulni... suyvela gmiri qarTveli, namdvilad
erTguli, samSoblos damcvelia.
luxumi namdvili Cargleli iyo, afxuSos mcxovrebi. igi baxtrionis gmiri iyo. laSqrobaSi is uZRoda fSavlebs win, rogorc beladi.
22

zezvai TuSebis gmiria... CaRma TuSi iyo, gvarad gafrindauli. dResac aris TuSebSi
gafrindaulis modgma.
gogoTuri fSavSi, sofel yofCaSi, cxovrobda. aseve, zviadauri da mindia-gvelismWa
meli xevsurebi iyvnen, arxotis axlo sofel axieladan (gv. 149).
***
zurab kiknaZe, `baxtrionis~ dasasruli, Jurn. `balaveri~, #1-6, 1989
roca brZola damTavrda, iZlia istoriuli mteri _ yizilbaSi, roca `gadmodga borbalazeda Tavisuflebis mTvarea~, Sinmimavali gamarjvebuli fSavelTa razmi Tavis Soris
ver xedavs ber luxums, romelic saxelianTa Soris mesamea kviriasa da lelas Semdeg.
luxumi, xevisberi, uCinardeba saswaulebrivad da iwyeba esqatologiuri legenda (esqatologia _ mistikuri moZRvreba samyarosa da adamianis saboloo bedze) : `ityvian: maRlis
mTis Zirsa..~. (T. XIX). amieridan luxumi aRar ekuTvnis baxtrionis gmirTa, Tundac gamarjvebulTa, wres, arc maT epoqas; is kacobriobis momavalSia gadasrolili, ukan darCa
xana, roca batonobda `mTavari igi amis soflisai~ anu Zveli mteri, romelmac istoriis
dasabamSi SeacTuna adami, mTeli istoriis manZilze rom Tesavda mtrobas da gveleSapis
saxiT warmoudgeboda kacobriobas. kvirias sabediswero sizmarSi xom gveleSapi ganigmira,
kacis xeliT ganadgurda, magram kaci ki imsxverpla, axla ki, maradisobis karibWesTan, es
`gveli, morTuli jagriTa, bevrisa codvis moqmedi~, `adamis tomis mteri~, gardaiqmneba,
bunebas icvlis adamianis kvnesis xmaze (aseTi Zala eniWeba kacis kvnesas). umweod darCenili adamis Zis winaSe gvelma daibruna is buneba, romelic Seuqmna mas RmerTma, roca
qmnida yovel arsebas (da rasac qmnida, keTilad qmnida), gaexsna cremlis sadinari imis
niSnad, rom siyvarulis Teslma gaixara kacobriobis mtris gulSi. `veSapi igi didi, gveli
dasabamisai~ (gamocx. 12, 9), aRadgens Tavis TavSi RvTis qmnilebas.
`borotebis gza gauSvav,
keTili dauWeria..~
borotma miiRo is saxeli _ `keTili gveli~, rogorc qristes moixseniebdnen, tertulianes cnobiT, adreuli qristianebi. gvelma gamoisyida saukuneTa uwinares Cadenili
codva, wamoayena fexze uflis mxedari da Tavadac zeaRimarTa. gankurnebul luxumTan
erTad im droSi varT, roca `ukanaskneli mteri igi ganqarda sikudili~ (I kor. 15, 26).
kvlav daismis kiTxva im pirveli SemkiTxvelis kvalze, Tu ras gulisxmobda poeti,
poemis dasasruls rom ambobda: `eRirsebao luxumsa laSaris gorze Sadgoma~
laSaris gori `baxtrionis~ dasasruls is samudamo simaRlea, saidanac Camosvla lu
xums _ kacobriobis ukeTes natamals _ ar uweria (gv. 120).
kviria maTureli
kviria maTureli vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrionis~ personaJia, `kai yma~, uCinari, maRali,
Cumi msaxuri RvTisa da mamulisa, zvaraki da tarigi.
vaJa pirvelad sajareSi _ xatis alagSi _ warmoaCens kvirias:
`kaci gamoCnda ucxo ram, Camoglej-Camowewili,
erTi yaribi, uSno ram...~
sacnauria misi `ucxooba~, `yariboba~ _ ucxoa, `cxoa~ _ sxva, sxvanairi, gansxvavebuli;
yaribia _ mwiri, msxemi, meroWike berT mimsgavsebuli.
kvirias Camoglejil-Camowewili samosi, `uSnooba~ warmoaCens mis siglaxakes, magram
maTureli, upirvelesad, suliTaa glaxaki _ ese igi, netaric (`netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli caTai~ (maTe 5, 3)), rac poemaSi mogvianebiT dadasturdeba _ kvirias `siglaxake~ wmindanis SaravandiT Seicvleba.
23

kviriasnairni Tu ityvian: `yovelsa Sina viWirviT, aramed ara iwroeba gviCns, warRaTu-wirul varT, aramed ara ganwiruleba gviCns~ (II kor. 4, 8), radgan mas samyaros mSvenierebis Wvreta obloba-siglaxakeSic xelewifeba _ nislebsa da weroebTan mosaubres...
wminda mamebis ganmartebiT, `Wiri yvela marTals poulobs cxovrebaSi gakeTebuli
arCevanis gamo, radganac Wirni swored imaTi xvedria, vinc ganiersa da farTo gzas gverdi
auqcia da viwrosa da naRvlians daadga~ (wm. basili didi, Txzulebani, Tb., 2002, gv. 160).
vaJa kvirias gansakuTrebulobas warmoaCens detaliT: `sanTlisa Suqze wamodga datanjulisa feriTa~.
maTureli TiTqos Tavidanve sanTlis, naTlis SaravandSi, wmindanis nimbiT warmoCndeba. `datanjuli (mgloviare) ieric~ mis gansakuTrebulobas amkveTrebs (`netar iyvnen mglovareni guliTa, rameTu isini nugeSinis-cemul iqmnnen~ (maTe 5, 4)).
mxarze Tofi gadaugdia, wveri `gahbudebia~, wels wneliT akravs danjRreul qarqaSSi
Cagebuli xmali (ioane naTlismcemelsaca hgavs Tmagabudebuli, welSemosartyluli...).
(wminda werili gvmoZRvravs: `moirtyeniT welni gonebaTa TquenTani,... sruliad esevdiT mowevnulsa mas Tquenda madlsa gamocxadebisa iesu qristessa, viTarca Svilni
morCilebisani~(I petre 1, 13)).
fSavloba ierze etyoba. Tofis tuCs dayrdnobili, dafiqrebuli umzers sajareSi
martoka mofusfuse `ber diacs~, sanaTas. kviria
`cremlebs iwmendda xeliTa,
iziarebda bebris dards
saxis SeWmuxvniT xmeliTa~.
saxis sixmelec adasturebs, rom kviria xorcs ar alaRebs. misi cremlic maRali sulierebis warmomCenia (aki cremli madlia suliwmidisa).
TanalmobiT, tkiviliT ismens diacis godebas:
`srul Cven rada varT tanjvaSi, kvnesa rad ismis CveniTa?
rodemdis unda vstirodeT, miwa vasveloT cremliTa,
an miwa rad ara ZReba damdnaris gulis wveniTa?!~
sanaTas amonakvnesi Tavad kvirias satkivaricaa. aTrTolebuli xmiT gamohkiTxavs qals
Tavsdamtydari ubedurebis Sesaxeb.
xatis wyalobad aRiqvams `beri (moxuci) diaci~ mamakacis sajareSi gamoCenas. xatisav
wyalobas usurvebs kviria sanaTas, dedaSvilobis madls daaficebs da sTxovs, auxsnas,
`sajares diacs ra unda~.
gulCaTuTquli ismens sanaTas monaTxrobs da Semdeg, dawvrilebiT mouTxrobs Tavis
Tavgadasavalsac.
`bevri Wiri~ unaxavs, Txrobisas reti esxmis (rarig hgavs es pasaJi tarielis gancdebs
WirTa Txrobisas) :
`ocs wels srul sxviSvilada var, samSoblo gamiwiria,
maTureli var Zirada, saxelad mqvia kviria~.
maRalTa TavmdablobiT ityvis: `Cemfera ukeTurebi yunWebic bevri hxiria~ (CemsaviT
usargeblo `kunZic bevri gamoxirulao~).
fSavs `ubinadrod~ darCenili, bedis saZieblad wasula, `metismeti tanjva~ unaxavs,
`obloba-beCaobis obi~ sdebia. `or-kviraobiT mSier-Semcivnuli gdebula~... gaWirvebis
gamo naadrevad dasdeboda drouli kacis ieri...
oc weliwads mwyemsad yofiliyo TuSeTSi.
tkiviliT hyveboda, magram lamazad:

24

`...fSavis xevis stumarsa marto vxedavdi mTvaresa.

sabarod gadmamavalTa ambavs vkiTxavdi weroTa.
ra werilobas gagviwevs, Tovlze ambavi vweroTa?!
oc wels miwa maqv loginad, ca maxuria sabnada,
avdarSi Savi nislebi tanze mexveva nabdada~.
Tovlze naweri ambaviviT rodi `damdnariyo~ nanax-gancdili...
ras daebrunebina kviria mSobliur fSavSi? TuST iaraRi aesxaT sparselTagan iavarqmnili kaxeTis saxsnelad, maTureli fSavel- xevsurTa Sesayrelad warmoegzavna zezvas.
kvirias TanamoZmeTaTvis unda euwyebina gansacdelSi myofTa danabarebi:
`mterma dagvCagra, gviSveleT, gautexelno guliTa!
ubarod, gana ar iciT, mTanic ro vera gvaroben?
gviSveleT, fSavel-xevsurno, barze TaTrebi xaroben.
Cvenis saydrebis trapezTan exla molebi galoben~.
qveynis iavarqmnis usazarles metaforad molas `galobas~ warmoaCens kviria (Tavad
vaJa) (`sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli~ (~mamuli~), _ `saukuneTa mRvrie mravlobis~ miRma
Seexmianeba galaktioni).
WeSmariti eriskacis gulistkiviliT mouTxrobs kviria sanaTas kaxeTis gasaWiris Sesaxeb:
`mTeli kaxeTi qceula Ciqila-moxdil qalada.
ara sCans xelis Samqcevi, mtris amomyreli javrisa,
kaci ar Cndeba Samyreli da win gamZRoli jarisa~.
kviria mamulisaTvis brZolaSi daRupulT Sehnatris da ucnauri winaTgrZnobiT ambobs, iqneb, oriod kviraSi `Savxvde SaveTis karzedao~ (`SaveTis~ rodi, sasufevlis `karze~ Sexvdeba).
sanaTas uyveba, magram, TiTqos, ufro mrwamss ganimtkicebs, daidasturebs:
`manama vcocxlobT, mteri gvyav, bevrad sjobs, viyneT cdazeda,
roca dro mova ... de, gaqres bedis varskvlavi cazeda! (Sdr. `brZeni sjera mowevnadsa..~).
cocxals ki unda exuros vaJkacsa qudi Tavzeda;
sicocxles augiansa sikvdili mijobs xmalzeda (`sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili
saxelovani~).
ros Cemi bina sxvas hrCeba, Cemi coli da Svilebi,
Tu duSmnis xmali ar momklavs, me TviTon gavigmirebi~.
kvirias sibrZne saukuneTa siRrmeebSia fesvgadgmuli, nasaZirkvlevi _ zogadqarTulia, namdvilqarTuli (amadac exmianebian saqarTvelos didi mesityveni (SoTa da vaJa)
erTurTs aswleulTa uSoresi samanebidan).
Cqarobs kviria, zezvais danabarebi gadasces fSavel-xevsurT. soflebi kardakar unda
daiaros. gabednierebuli sanaTa ar daayovnebs, ar daabrkolebs, gzas daulocavs, qadapurebs usagzlebs da uflis wyalobas usurvebs.
...xmaurobs, brZolas eSureba Seyrili laSqari. mxolod kviria dgas dafiqrebuli,
saxemwuxare (kvlav _ `mglovare guliTa~), joxs dayrdnobili (ioanesaviT _ uflis mkerds
miyrdnobili...).
`ras fiqrobs obol kviria, amis gamgebi vin ari?
ara mJRavndeba gulidam fiqrebi amamdinari~.
25

pursa da arays aZaleben daRonebuls, ganmartoebuls mxedarni.

beri luxumi agulianebs, Tu cudi sizmari naxe, mogxsni werasao.
didxans veras daacdenineben ras, mere yasidad daemuqrebian, `CamogyriT droSis
Werasao~. kviriac uwadinod mohyveba av zmanebas: trial mindorze mihqroda Turme, qariviT swraf cxenze amxedrebuli, Tavmomwone.
uecrad sami sanTeli daenTo xmlis vadaze, `Suqi ciuri jvarada (gamoesaxa) farzeda~
(pasaJi `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan~: `netari mamai grigol TvisiT agarakiT martoi
STamovidoda xanZTas... sveti naTlisai friad brwyinvale cad aRwevnuli hfarvida mas.
da iyo Tavsa missa jvari TvalTSeudgami garemo missa cissartyelissaxed, Suenierad rai
gamoCndis Jamsa wvimisasa~; `abos wamebaSic~ wmindanis wamebis alags ganabrwyinebda varskvlavi, `viTarca elvai cecxlisa~, `gansakvirvebeli naTeli~ gamosca wyalma da, `ukeTu
xorcTa maT ganxrwnadTa esodeni pativi awve aCvena, ravden ufrois uxrwnelad aRdgomasa
mas marTalTasa didebiTa da pativiTa gvirgvinosani ixilon Soris angelozTa!~).
trial velze ara Canda ra, `xSiri yoilis~ (yvavilis) meti. Savi, cecxlismsroleli
veSapi `mohlokda~ yvavils (sparsi cecxliTa da maxviliT sravda kaxeTs, sruliad saqarTvelosac dahRireboda), kviriasac daeRira, magram xmliT gaupo Tavi maTurelma. `boroti
sisxli~ Seafrqvia uxsenebelma, cxeni wauqcia, Tavad mxedaric ugrZnoblad dasca Zirs.
gons rom moego, qaTqaTa loginSi iwva kviria, Wadari Crdils hfenda, qedani dahRuRunebda.
wamiT amobrwyinebulma mzem dahxeda, oboli sxivi dautova (kviriasTvis `gawira~) da
gabrunda (es sxivi wmindanis Saravandad Semoeqsoveboda sasufevelSi wamebuls).
mklavze mieZina miqancul kvirias...
`ewyina luxums sizmari, cremlebi mosdis wyvilada,
_ keTilad axdes! _ mainc sTqva gul-aCuyebiT, rbilada~.
kviria lela baClels gaandobs gulisnadebs, Zmobas Sehficebs (`Tunda mimiRe mamadao~, etyvis), vinaobas auwyebs maTureli givis Svili.
aRuwers qals baxtrionis cixes (lamis qajeTis cixis aRebis win tarielis, avTandilisa da fridonis TaTbirs miemsgavsos baxtrionis bWeTa ganxvnis kviria-lelaseuli gegma).
ulamazes lelas yeenisaTvis naboZeb qalad uxmobs da cixe-simagris kars Signidan
gauRebs fSavel-xevsur-TuSTa laSqars.
`oRomc eSvelos Cvens jarsa, orsve sikvdili swadian~.
es Segnebuli, gaazrebul-gacnobierebuli msxverplia, sauflo, maRali, aRsruleba
saxarebiseuli sibrZnisa: `romelman wariwymidos suli Tvisi CemTvis, man poos igi~ (maTe
10, 39).
msxverpli imisTvis gaiReba, Tavs imisTvis gaswiraven kviria da lela, `Cvenis saydrebis trapezTan~ molebma rom veRar `igalobon..~
magram manamdis eWvis Crdili mainc adgeba momaval wmindans _ kvirias gauCinareba
Seafiqrianebs laSqars:
`vin icis, naTrev kacia, ar iyos Ralatiani,
duSmani ar gagvifrTxilos, saqme qnas naxlarTiani~.
`naTreoba~ da `Ralatianoba~ sinonimebad aRuqvams mTielTa Seuryvnel bunebas.
soflis (wuTisoflis) eWvs xevisberi gafantavs (janRs _ mzis Suqi...) _
luxumi daaSoSminebs avad gaRizianebul mxedarT:
`ar radme meWaSnikeba sityva koWli da lugumi.
kacs magis metad ver icnobT, magis met ar gaqvT Snoeba?
26

Ralats ra unda CvenSia, rogori gvadga droeba?!~

(sauflo sibrZnis dammarxvelia xevisberi: `romeli ganurisxnes Zmasa Tvissa cudad
(amaod, tyuilubralod, umizezod), Tana-mdeb (Rirsi) ars sasjelisa~ (maTe 5, 22)).
xevisbris mrwamsiT, `koWlia da lugumi~ gankiTxvis sityva.
rodesac baxtrions TaTris Svilebs Savi dRe gauTendebaT, borbalaze gadmodgeba
Tavisuflebis mTvare, `saxelianTagan~ pirvels obol kvirias moixsenieben mxedarni, `saxe
aqvs naTelianio~.
cixe-simagris karis gamRebs, lela baClelTan erTad karTanve akafuls, fSavSi miasvenebs danaRvlianebuli spa:
`mZimea Tavis qveyana, Tavis wyal-Wala Zliera,
miwac tkbilia mSobluri, guls rom eyreba fxviera~.
oc weliwads `sxvis Svilad~ myofi yaribi mwyemsi (uflis Tanamosaxele _ mwyemsi keTilis mkerds miyrdnobili) `saxe naTeliani~ `dabrunda~ fSavs...
Tovlze rodi, eris sulSi Caiwera ambavi...
Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989
kvirias sizmarSi gmiris RvTaebrivi gardacvalebis suraTia mocemuli. kvirias goni
zesknelSia wasuli... didi Wandari igiv cxovrebis xea, beri qedani _ amiranis samzeoze
amomyvani faskunjis saxenacvalia. es aris miTosuri samyaros samoTxe _ mzis sauflo,
zeskneli.
qvesknelSi miZinebuli gmiris gonma ukve ixila momavali aRorZinebis sauflo... (gv. 193).
zurab kiknaZe, `baxtrionis~ dasasruli, Jurn. `balaveri~ #1-6, 1989
vaJas `baxtrioni~ gamarjvebis poemaa, xolo sadac gamarjvebaa, iq msxverpli gardauvalia. am tragikul WeSmaritebas Tavisi pirovnuli bediT acxadebs oboli kviria, magram
is msxverplia ara rogorc erT-erTi dacemulTagani brZolaSi, aramed sakuTari nebiT
Tavis mimtani samsxverploze mravalTa xsnisaTvis. amitomac atarebs am saxels _ kviria
_ `uflisa~, `sauflo~..., zvarakis saxels. misi sabediswero upiratesoba laSaris goraze
SekrebilTa Soris jer mis saxelSia damarxuli da misi matareblisaTvis dafarulia.
garegnuli sibeCave marxavs Sinagans, rac male gabrwyindeba...
omSi mimavali kviria atarebda winaTgrZnobas, rom daiRupeboda (`iqneba, am ors kviraze Savxvde SaveTis karzeda~), magram ar icoda, rogor gamoixateboda Tavganwirva, vidre sizmareulma xilvam da qalwulis gamoCenam ar gauxsna gza, romelsac gamarjveba
unda moetana, mxsneli ki daRupuliyo.
Tu qadagis xilva mTeli laSqris, saymos sazogado xilvad iqca, kvirias sizmareuli
Cveneba mxolod mas ekuTvnis, sizmarSi is marto iyo Savi gveleSapis winaSe da, rac laS
qars unda aesrulebina cxadSi, man sizmarSi martodmartom aRasrula. kviria ar Seswrebia
sayovelTao jvarCenas. roca jvarma ciskidurze gadaiara, baxtrionisaken mimavalma, raTa
iq daxvedroda laSqars, kviria, Tavisi winaswarmetyveluri sizmriT atanili, gaedevna
lela baClels, raTa misTvis gaendo baxtrionis gatexvis gegma. misi sizmari namdvilad
winaswarmetyveluri da sabediswero iyo, man Tavisi Tavi ixila wminda mxedrad, romlis
umTavresi Rvawlia gveleSapis mokvla... kviria gveleSapis piridan amonTxeulma `borotma
sisxlma~ imsxverpla.
sizmareuli suraTi apokalifsuri iyo, TiTqos ukanasknel dRes Seeswro kviria: `dRe
iyo metad mrisxane, ca moRrublvili, mWexari..~
ca mrisxanebs, radgan aivso borotebis Tasi, mTeli qveynis siave `Sav veSapSia~ moqceuli. es aris ukanaskneli mteri.
pirquSi cis qveS yvavilebiT mofenili gzaa, `yoili, xSiri yoili dafeniliyo gzazeda~.
27

`yoiliT~ mofenili gza rCeulTa savalia, maTi Sinagani didebis gamoxatuleba, SeiZleba, sikvdilis gzaa, ukanmouqceveli, magram, imave dros, es samoTxisdar samSobloze
gamavali gzacaa, romelic kvirias unda gadaeRoba gveleSapisTvis (galaktioni ityvis:
`sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda~ _ n.k.).
kviria imasac grZnobda, rom kosmiuri gamarjvebis zeimis monawile ver iqneboda, magram ixilavda mzes axali cxovrebisa, romlis dadgomaSic lomis wili hqonda: `mzec
amobrwyinda, meCvena..~ kvirias daenaxveboda mze, rogorc dasturi axali dRis gaTenebisa,
magram ver datkbeboda misi WvretiT, ver moeswreboda mis gaZlierebas SuadRisas.
kvirias mklavi, roca is gveleSaps utevda, uflis xelma gaaZliera, RmerTi Seeweoda
mas da niSansac aZlevda gamarjvebis sasod: `Suqi ciuri jvarada gamomesaxa farzeda~
kviria mimxvdariyo, rom sizmari ueWvelad axdeboda, sizmari mTlianad, da ara mxolod misi sasikeTo nawili _ Tu acxaddeboda gveleSapis Zleva, mZlevelis daRupvac
unda acxadebuliyo. ufali jer Tu Seeweoda mtris ZlevaSi, gamarjvebuls miatovebda.
`RmerTo Cemo, RmerTo Cemo, raisTvis damiteveb me?!~ _ es fiqri Tu gaielvebda kvirias
sizmareul gonebaSi.
`ras fiqrobs obol kviria, amis gamgebi vin ari?~ _ kiTxulobs avtori... kviriasTvis
cxadi gaxda, rom is msxverplad iyo gawiruli uflis mier, swored is, oboli, usaxlkaro.
uTvistomo, uSvilZiro, TiTqos araamqveyniuri suli, saidanRac Semoxiznuli, glaxaki
suliTa, romelic arafers moiTxovs am wuTisoflisgan, romlis upatio garegnobis miRma
(`Camoglej-Camowewili, erTi yaribi, uSno ram~) qristes mxedris dideba imaleboda.
sizmarma Caagona kvirias kadnieri azri, rom mas hqonda sakuTari gza, unda garideboda laSqars, Tundac moRalatis saxeli daegdo (`Tu kacma ver scno Cveni guli, xom icis
RmerTma..~. _ ityoda ilia _ n.k.), sizmarma aCvena mas oblobis daniSnuleba da ganwirulebac _ niSani rCeulobisa...
aha, modis qalwuli Tavisi sizmriT da laSqari ismens am sizmars, magram mxolod
kvirias SeuZlia, Caswvdes mis azrs... mxolod kviria mixvdeboda, rom lelas sizmriseuli
`kaci ram kupriviT~ sxva aravin SeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu ara Tavad kviriaseuli sizmris
Savi veSapi. RvTismSobeli _ `diaci mzisa feria~ _ qalwuls akisrebda Surisgebas.
laSqari Tavis Tavze iRebs Surisgebis tvirTs da Seubraleblad istumrebs ukan qalwuls...
Tu Zveli miTosis gveleSapis msxverplad gawirul qalwuls gamoixsnis gmiri, `baxtrionSi~ Tavad gmirs, romelic qalwulis mxsneli unda yofiliyo, Tavisi xeliT mihyavs
igi msxverplad gveleSapisTvis, raTa misi mSvenebac da sicocxlec ufro maRali RirebulebisaTvis gaiwiros.
qal-vaJi Sedis xaxaSi im veSapisa, romelic vaJis sizmarSi `yoilTan miwas mohlokda
cecxlis msrolelis eniTa~... maT imave xerxiT unda sZlion baxtrionis cixes, rogorc
preistoriuli gmirebi Zleven gveleSaps: marduqi, amirani, indra, herakle, iasoni, vidre
gaimarjvebdnen, jer STainTqmebian, gveleSapis mucelSi moxvdebian, raTa Signidan gakveTon igi... gveleSapi garedan uZlevelia, is Signidan unda gaipos. `jer Sasvla ari saWiro,
rom kacm ixmaros danao~, ambobs kviria, TiTqos gulisxmobdes amiranis danas, romliTac
gveleSapis ferdi gaikveTa (gv. 116-119).

28

aluda qeTelauri
vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani, Tb., 1985
(kritika b. ip. varTagavasi)
`aluda qeTelauri~... aris aSenebuli sruliad ubralo martivs ambavze, ubralo SemTxvevaze. aluda qeTelaurs qistebma cxeni mohpares. qurdebs mdevrad gamoudgeba, erTs
maTgans TofiT mohklavs, xolo moklulis amxanagi vaJkacurad dauxvdeba, Tumca esec
msxverpli xdeba aludasi, magram moxiblavs mas Tavis vaJkacobiT da, roca Camovardeba
saubari mucalis mokvlaze, xandaxan Sesandobars dahlevs aluda qistisas _ luds an
arays.
marjvenis moWra-mouWrelobaze zepirgadmocema arafers gveubneba.
xalxuri Tqmulebisa mTeli Tavi da bolo es aris (gv. 736).
***
fSavlebis Zveli samarTali da saojaxo wesebi
fSavlebis CveulebiTi samarTali ar aris mravalmuxlovani da rTuli... fSavlebis
samarTals is xasiaTi aqvs, rom yoveli saqme adgilobriv gairCeoda, sofels, Tems... ar
gascildeboda... sasjels damnaSavisaTvis mTeli Temi, sofeli daadgenda.
sasjeli ornairi iyo: 1) fizikuri (Caqolva); 2) zneobrivi (mokveTa, sazogadoebidam
gaZeveba).
Caqolvas gamoiwvevda xatisa da Temis moRalateoba, qalisa da kacis siyvaruli, rodesac am siyvarulis nayofi gamoCndeboda...
sazogadoeba moikveTda Tavis wevrs qurdobisaTvis, xatis wesis daklebisaTvis, Temis piris gatexisaTvis, anu upirobisaTvis, mayvedrobisaTvis. mokveTils saxlSi aRaravin
SeuSvebda, aRarcavin imasTan gaivlida; moukvdeboda vinme _ Zvelis Cveulebisamebr aRaravin mihxedavda, Temi arafriT Seeweoda, wisqvilica da samWedlos karebic daxSuli iyo
mokveTilisaTvis; xatSi, yrilobaSi aRar gaatarebda xalxi mokveTils.
soflisagan mokveTili xatisganac mokveTili iyo: xevisberi saklavs ar dauklavda,
saxvewars ar `daudidebda~, wyalobas ar gamosTxovda xats.
mokveTils... eZleoda saSualeba TemTan Serigebisa... unda mieyvana xari da cxvari
xatSi, soflisaTvis Seewira isini da Sehxvewnoda sofelsa, daedo piroba, fici _ SemdegisaTvis gafrTxilebuliyo da aRar Caedina samarcxvino saqme... yrilobis Tamjdomare
iyo xevisberi.
Zveli da axali fSavlebis poezia
igiv saqme, rasac dRevandeli moxeleebi mravlisagan-umravlesni akeTeben didis vaivaglaxiT, aurzauriT, davidarabiT, maSin ubralod keTdeboda: gqonda saCivari vizedme,
iqve mezoblebic iyvnen; dauZaxebdi or-sam kacs, `dahsxamden~ kacebs da saqmes xelad
gaarCevdnen (gv. 624).
gigi xornauli, cxovreba vaJa-fSavelasi, Tb., 1987
ilia werda vaJas Sesaxeb: `rusTvelis Semdeg Cven aseTi poeti ara gvyolia~.
arc rusTveli da arc vaJa ar iZlevian personaJTa portretul aRweras... ar aqucmaceben TavianT idealur gmirebs... raime erTi moqneuli fraziT, `geniosuri kalmis mosmiT~ (ilia) aRweven gaugonar STambeWdaobas...
roca vaJa erT-erTi Tavisi sayvareli personaJis, aluda qeTelauris mimarT ityvis,
`kacia davlaTianio~, Tvalwin warmogvidgeba RmerTTan wilnayari, dinji vaJkaci, warmogvidgeba Tavisi xasiaTiTac da garegnobiTac.
garegnul daukonkreteblobasTan erTad, vaJas gmirebi Sinaganadac ar arian konkretulni. miuxedavad didi socialuri tkivilebisa, misi gmirebi ar arian socialurni. isini
ar arian CvenTvis nacnobi konkretuli epoqisa da sazogadoebrivi fenis SexedulebaTa
29

matarebelni, es ki maT TiTqos droisa da sivrcis miRma ayenebs da monumentur zogadadamianur xasiaTs aniWebs~, _ n. naTaZis mosazrebas imowmebs g. xornauli (gv. 125) (n. naTaZe,
vaJa-fSavelas warsuli da momavali, `ciskari~ #7, 1961).
***
grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957
`mklavis moWra ar warmoadgens adaTobrivi simarTlis normas. TviT Temsac aluda
imitom ar gauZevebia, rom man mklavi ar mosWra mucals. aludas gaZeveba am niadagze ar
momxdara. saqme isaa, rom aludas qcevam, misma moqmedebam sxva sibrtyeze gadainacvla _
sarwmunoebriv sibrtyeze...
mklavis moWra araa norma, misgan gadaxveva SesaZlebelia, es ar iwvevs sasjels saerTod da arc kerZod aludas mimarT gamouwvevia. metic,... aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac am
Cveulebisagan gadaxveva pirovnebis RirsebaTa simaRlesac ki aRniSnavs.
magaliTad, `ivane kotoraSvilis ambavSi~ vaJa ase axasiaTebs ivane kotoraSvils: `...
metad lamazad icoda wesi da rigi omisa.
mas ara hqonda wesada mtrisad moeWra marjvena.
mters ro mokvlidis, ityodis: `veRara vjijgni, mrcxvenia,
mkvdars ro marjvena movaWra, ra WkvaSi mosaxdenia!
ra biWobaa, usulos leSs kidev sisxli vadino~... (gv. 64)
`namdvili pirovneba cxovrebis yvela movlenisadmi Tavisi damokidebulebis garkveulobiT sxvebsac garkveulobas aiZulebs~ (gv. 66).
`aluda qeTelaurSi~ aludas momavals gansazRvravs mucalis vaJkacoba. poemis cnobili adgili, sadac aludasa da mucalis pirispir Sexvedra da mucalis sikvdilia gadmocemuli, Seesatyviseba am motivis xalxur leqsebSi gansaxierebas... mTeli poema vaJam
daafuZna im mudaris Zalaze, rac xalxur leqsSi asea gadmocemuli:
`ivane Tofsa Caujda, gulze dahxvia alia,
waiqca qalundauri, iremma dasxna rqania.
xelsa nu mamWri, ivane, saxeli mainc Senia.
mxarzeiT Tofsa nu mamxdi, _ WiuxSi jixvTa mteria;
welzeiT xmalsa nu Samxsni _ xevsurTad kais mqnelia~...
erTi xalxuri leqsi luxumze aseT striqonebs Seicavs: `ar SaSindebis luxumi, feri
daido mglisao~... mteri moxibla, gaaoca luxumis vaJkacobam: `ar gind, luxumo, ar mogklavT, bralia kais ymisao~... (gv. 171).
iuza evgeniZe, vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1989
`mucalis sulieri Zalebisadmi aludas Tayvaniscema imdenad didia, rom es grZnoba
arRvevs yvelaze Seuvals _ sxvadasxva rwmenis matarebel adamianTa Soris aRmarTul religiur kedels~ (gv. 278).
akaki gawerelia, rCeuli nawerebi, t. II, Tb., 1965
`aluda qeTelaursa~ da `stumar-maspinZelSi~ vaJam gviCvena Tavisi sayvareli gmirebis
zneobrivi martooba TanamoZmeTa Soris (gv. 186).
akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi, `ganTiadi~ #2, 1989
zneobrivad aluda marTalia, magram marTalia sazogadoebac _ igi icavs dadgenil
wes-Cveulebas.. es wes-Cveuleba garkveul istoriul periodSi sazogadoebis erTianobis, simtkicisa da Zlierebis safuZvelia. amitom sazogadoeba ver dauSvebs, rom yoveli
pirovneba, rarig marTalica da Zlieric ar unda iyos igi, iqceodes ise, rogorc mis guneba-ganwyobas moesurveba. amgvari Tavisuflebis dros sazogadoebis erTianoba-mTlianoba
daiSleba da qaosi gamefdeba. qaosi ki daRupviT daemuqreba rogorc pirovnebas, aseve
30

sazogadoebas. amas kargad xedavs da grZnobs TviT aludac (`jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu
swyevT~), magram mas ar ZaluZs, moerios Tavs da dahmorCildes sazogadoebis mier miRebul wess.
`aluda qeTelaurSic~ ori simarTle upirispirdeba erTmaneTs _ simarTle pirovnebisa da simarTle sazogadoebisa. aqac sazogadoeba imarjvebs da pirovneba marcxdeba...
sazogadoeba imarjvebs xorcielad, magram marcxdeba sulierad... sazogadoebas SeuZlia
moikveTos, gaaZevos aluda qeTelauri, magram ar xelewifeba misi damorCileba, damoneba...
axali simarTle, romelic sazogadoebis cnobierebas cvlis, pirovnebas moaqvs (gv. 198-199).

***
Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989
jer kidev leqsSi `devebis qorwili~ Semzaravi misteriis monawile ganicdis Zmis
xorciT ZRomis saSinelebas. am leqsiT eziara ocdaxuTi wlis vaJa samyaros tragikuli
pirveldasabamis, sikeTisa da borotebis dionisur saidumlos. vaJasav `eTerSic~ kaciWamiuri zeimia warmoCenili.
`devebis qorwilSi~ `Zmis xorci rogora vWamoo~, _ kivis `vinme yma~ da es vinme yovel
adamianSi davanebuli sindisia. am kiTxvaSia moqceuli adamianis pirovnuli meobis, misi
kacuri Rirsebis, misi, rogorc adamianis, yofna-aryofnis alternativa. am Tavzardamcem
SeZaxilSia koncentrirebuli vaJas `devebis qorwilis~ ideuri dvrita.
es `dausrulebeli~ kivili Tu kvnesa tragikul eqosaviT ismis vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi.
`devebis qorwilis~ xmierebidan iRebs saTaves vaJas qveskneluri vizionebi (xilvebi), romlebic Tavisi Semzaravi sicxadiT dantes jojoxeTis sisxlian Cvenebebs gvagonebs.
vaJaseuli `Zma~ qristianulad moazrebuli moyvasia, romelic iseve unda giyvardes,
rogorc Tavi Tvisi.
vaJas `devebis qorwilis~ miTosuri arqetipi (kacis xorcis Wama) `aluda qeTelauris~
mxatvrul-ideur struqturaSi pirovnebis Sinagani gardaqmnis aRmniSvnel masalad aris
gamoyenebuli (gv. 74).
vaJas poemebs Soris pirovnebis Sinagan feriscvalebas, gardaqmnasa Tu zneobriv axlad
Sobas yvelaze Rrmad da srulad `aluda qeTelauri~ gamoxatavs. aludas saxe `Soreulad
avtoris sulier midrekilebaTa anarekli da misi xasiaTis oreulia~ (simon Ciqovani).
poemaSi mkveTrad saCinovdeba ori plani _ fabuluri da siRrmiseuli... poemaSi
gaSlili moqmedebisa da koliziebis Sinaarsis gageba mxolod am ori planis swori urTierTSepirispirebis Semdeg xdeba sacnauri.
aludas moqmedeba gaugebaria fabuluri planis farglebSi, raki misi fesvi aludas
qvecnobierebaSia dafaruli, rac poemaSi vizioniTa da sizmriT aris proecirebuli. `aluda qeTelauris~ Sinagan centrs swored es adgilebi warmoadgens (gv. 87).
vaJa-fSavela Tavisi poeturi miznebis Sesabamisad modificirebul Tems gvixatavs,
Tems, romelic ... gacilebiT ufro arqaulia, vidre vaJas Tanadrouli fSav-xevsureTis
sazogadoeba iyo.
`aluda qeTelaurSi~ gamoxatuli Temi sakraluri sazogadoebaa, romlis `Suaguls~
satomo RvTaeba _ gudanis jvari warmoadgens.
gudanis jvari xevsurTa uzenaesi mfarvelia iseve, rogorc fSavel-TaTvis _ laSaris
jvari, moxeveTaTvis _ samebis xati, xolo mTiulTaTvis _ lomisis xati (sakuTriv Sati
lionTa mfarveli anatoris jvaria) (gv. 89).
SatilionTa Temis TiToeuli wevri xatis, RvTisSvilis anu batonis winaSec Tanasworia. batonis winaSe TavianT erTianobas xevsurni xatobaze gamoxataven... batons (xats)
da ymas (adamians) Soris Suamavali xevisberia... SatilionTa Temis religiuri kanoni statiurad daxSuli da Seuvalia _ igi ver itans xelyofasa da saxecvlilebas.
poemis mixedviT, sakraluri sazogadoebis upirvelesi dogma kacobriobis `rjulianad~ da `urjulod~, `monaTlulad~ da `mounaTlavad~ dayofaa. `rjuliania~ ... xevsurTa
qristiani tomi, kerZod, gudanis jvris uzenaesobiT gaerTianebuli SatilionTa Temi,
31

`mounaTlavi~, `urjulo~, da `rjulZaRlia~ mTeli danarCeni kacobrioba, romelic poemaSi qistebis saxiTaa dakonkretebuli.
SatilionTa Temis cnobierebaSi `urjulo~ ganasaxierebs samyaros bneli, boroti Zalebis saxes _ eSmaks, als, devs (`ara varT xevsurT Svilebi ymani eSmakis, alisa~).
Temur sazogadoebaSi ucxo tomis kaci iseTive mtruli da TiTqmis gausulierebeli
an borotebis ganmasaxierebeli Zalaa, rogorc bunebis stiqiuri Zalebi... SatilionTaTvis
mteri arakaci da `rjulZaRlia~, imTaviTve codviani da `kuprSi mielis qSenani~.
`magram tradicia Cvengan faravs swored imas, rasac igi, erTi SexedviT, sayovelTaod
gasagebsa xdis, raki sayovelTaod gasagebia swored dafaruli... is, rac yvelasTvis gasagebia, calkeulad aravisTvis araa gasagebi. is, rac yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomia, aravis
Sinagan monapovrad ar iqceva. tradicia stereotipul, standartul pasuxebs iZleva kiTxvebze, romlebsac TiToeulma kacma Tavisi pasuxi unda gasces~ (haidegeri)...
`aluda qeTelaurSi~ sami, erTmaneTTan mizezobrivad dakavSirebuli, didmniSvnelovani nawili SeiZleba gamoiyos: brZola, sizmris gamocxadeba da xatoba.
brZolaSia fesvi aluda qeTelauris feriscvalebisa,
sizmarSia naCvenebi am feriscvalebis Sinaarsi,
xolo xatobaze _ misi Sedegi.
mucalTan brZolidan dabrunebuli, `bunebagadabrunebuli~, Sinaganad ferSecvlili
aluda TandaTan uaxlovdeba Satils, magram Satili isev iseTia, rogoric aludas brZolad wasvlamde iyo. mas `ca axuria kldisa~ da ar uSvebs `SuadRis mzes~... imedas qavis
(adamianTa sacxovrisis) simbolo mzis mwveli sxivebiT damdnari mtris moWrili marjvenaa...
antikur zneobriobas (Surisgebas) upirispirdeba qristianuli (miteveba)... mxolod
codvis gamosyidviT SeiZleba aRixocos Tavdapirveli codva.
imis gageba, rom SurismaZiebeli mkvleli marTali ar aris, uZnelesi ramaa. amis gamgebs
jvars acvamen. amis gageba surs kacTa maradi mtrobis morevSi CaTreul aludas.. `Sen
ro sxva mahkla, Senc mogkvlen, mters ar SaarCens gvaria~ _ es daxSuli wre unda gaarRvios qeTelaurma, raki xedavs, rom dabadebidan sikvdilamde sisxlSi dgas, sisxlsa svams
Rvinod da sisxlsa sWams purad kacismkvleli kaci, raki grZnobs, rom aseTi kacis xvedri
maradi sisxlisRvra da bolos mtris xeliT miRebuli sikvdilia (gv. 111).
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom Temis tradiciul, sayovelTaod aRiarebul religiur
WeSmaritebaSi aludas daeWveba RvTis, anu gudanis jvris RvTaebriv WeSmaritebaSi daeWvebas ar gulisxmobs.
RvTisadmi sruli rwmenis (da ara misdami dapirispirebis) safuZvelze uaryofs qeTelauri manamde misTvisac gaSinaganebul Temis religiur TvalTaxedvas (gv. 112).
aluda gudanis jvris nebisa da WeSmaritebis gaTvaliswinebiT, misdami rwmenis safuZvelze da am rwmeniT gulavsili moiTxovs xevisberisagan mucalisaTvis samxvewros dawyalobnebas... aludas ara marto isa swams, rom gudanis jvrisaTvis `urjulis~ Saxvewebaa
SesaZlebeli, aramed isic, rom xevisberi, rogorc RvTis nebis aRmasrulebeli, Tanadgomas gauwevs...
gudanis jvari, rogorc qristianuli RvTaeba, sxvadasxvanairad esmiT xevisbersa da
aludas: berdiasaTvis gudanis jvari erTxel da samudamod dadgenili tradiciuli RmerTis gaqvavebuli saxea, aludasaTvis _ uSualod wvdomili cocxali RmerTi.
aluda eziara im universaluri RmerTis WeSmaritebas, romlisTvisac ar arsebobs
mtrad da moyvrad, rjulianad da urjulod, codvilad da ucodvelad gaTiSuli kacobrioba. yovelive erTi da igivea da yoveli erTiani RmerTis saufloSia Seyvanili...
mzisebr amomxdari maxviliT qeTelauri angrevs Satilis Tavze damxobil... `kldis cas~,
raTa daanaxos TvistomT usasrulo, maradiuli ca qristianuli RmerTisa (gv. 132).
pirovnebebi warmoadgenen ukunis gamarRvevel sinaTlis sxivs... mas Semdeg, rac aseTi
kaci gaivlis Cven winaSe, Cven metad aRar SegveZleba, iseTnairebi viyoT, rogorebic manamde viyaviT _ ali yovelTvis cecxlsa Sobs.
pirovneba SekumSuli, dawuruli saxiT mocemuli sazogadoebaa da pirovnebis zneoba
sazogadoebis Sinagani sawyisia.
32

amdenad, pirvelis Sinagani monapovari, adre Tu gvian, meoris monapovrad iqceva.

`codvas~ poemaSi mxolod aluda axsenebs, sxva gmirebs marto `anderZi~ agondebaT.
***
vaJa xornauli, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia, gaz. `libo~ #4, 1997, gv. 2
aludas deda grZnobs, `sxvakanac daviwyeviTao~.
aluda qeTelaurs yvelgan iseTi sasjeli moelis, jer SatilSi, Semdeg gudanis salocavSi rom gamoutanes: vaJkacuri saqcielisTvis laCrobas daswameben, didi siyvarulis gamo rjulis amgdebad da moRalated gamoacxadeben, `Znelad saTqmeli~ tanjvisTvis
gaimeteben, erTi kuTxidan meoreSi gaaZeveben, magram aludas sibrZnis marcvali da nakvalevi yvelgan darCeba, yvelgan aRmoCndeba Tundac erTi adamiani, romelic jer igrZnobs,
xolo Semdeg gaiTavisebs Satilionis arsebaSi didi feriscvalebis Sedegad dabadebuli
rwmenisa da tkivilis sidiades.
kacobriobis maradiuli gza da bedisweraa gaazrebuli `aluda qeTelaurSi~.
***
Tamaz vasaZe, gamaerTianebeli tanjva, `arili~, 1 ivnisi, 1996, gv. 2
adamianis sulieri feriscvaleba, romelic vaJa-fSavelas `aluda qeTelaurSia~ warmosaxuli, ucnauria Tavisi radikalurobiT _ gamocdili, mravali mtris momkvleli meomari,
mtruli eTnosis da sarwmunoebis mimarT fanatikuri siZulviliTa da zizRiT gaJRenTili
kaci, morigi mxedruli faTerakis Semdeg ucabedad imsWvaleba adamianTa modgmis erTianobis SegnebiTa da universaluri religiurobiT, SeiZagebs cxovrebis agresiul wess,
sisastikes, sisxlisRvras, rac manamde ara marto sruliad bunebrivi iyo misTvis, aramed
siqveledac ki eTvleboda da mkacri tradiciebiT, dogmebiT Semosaltuli, erTsaxovani
sazogadoebis organuli nawili damoukidebel, humanur pirovnebad gardaiqmneba...
raRac gansakuTrebuli impulsia aucilebeli imisaTvis, rom mkvlels mokluli, `urjulo~, ise Zlierad Seebralos da Seuyvardes, `Tavis lamaz Zmad~ miiCnios igi.
imis garda, rom aluda da mucali erTnairad Zlieri, uSiSari da Seupovari mebrZolebi arian, isini erTnair Seurigeblobasa da mZulvarebas iCenen mowinaaRmdegis sarwmunoebis mimarT. am niSniT maTi paradoqsuli msgavseba imdenad srulia, TiTqos erTmaneTis
oreulebad aqcevs mtrebs. erTi da imave sityviT gamoxataven erTnair, Seuwynarebel da
zizRian damokidebulebas mtris religiisadmi _ `rjul-ZaRlo~. es saSineli sityva tyvia
saviT zuzunebs da tyviebis moZraobas sdevs Tan.
mucalTan orTabrZolis Semdeg aludas msoflxedvaSi momxdari gardatexis Sinaarss,
upirvelesad, imis Secnoba Seadgens, rom adamianebis gamijvna rjulianebad da urjuloebad, RmerTis madliT mosilebad da RvTisagan moZulebulebad, srulfasovnebad da
arasrulfasovnebad arasworia. aluda am daskvnas akeTebs imis safuZvelzec, rom misi da
mucalis damokidebuleba erTmaneTis religiisadmi savsebiT msgavsia: mucali iseve sastikad icavs Tavisi sarwmunoebis upiratesobas da sZuls mtris religia, rogorc aluda
icavs Tavis erTaderT WeSmarit rjuls da sZuls mucalis religia.
mucalis uCveulo, sasowarkveTili Jesti _ balaxis mogleja da WrilobaSi Cafena _
sulisSemZvrelia, erTbaSad xdeba TvalsaCino sicocxlesTan ganSorebis tkivilis ganuzomeli siRrme.
es araCveulebrivad metyveli, tragikuli Jesti daanaxvebs aludas, pirvelad sicocxleSi, ra sazarelia sikvdili, sicocxlesTan gayra, imasac, ra saSinelebaa, sicocxle
waarTva sxva adamians, iyo mkvleli...
mtrobaze, agresiaze, sisxlian SurisZiebaze damyarebuli cxovrebisadmi aludas zizRi vlindeba mis koSmarul xilvebSi.
sizmarSi aludam xelmeored unda Caidinos is, rac ase awamebs _ xelaxla moklas mucali, romlis agoniac, sulTmobrZaobis tanjvac TiTqos usasrulod grZeldeba, aRar
mTavrdeba (`minda sikvdili, ar vkvdebi~).
sizmarSi nanaxi mucali arsebiTad gansxvavebulia namdvilisagan. realobaSi `mucals
33

ar swadis sikvdili~, sizmarSi _ TviTon eZiebs, raTa xevsurebs dautovos es samyaro _

sisxlisRvris asparezi...
aluda ara marto TviTon ganicdis kaTarziss, mucalsac akeTilSobilebs, amaRlebs
_ ara Rirs iseT sicocxles gamwarebiT moWideba, iseT sicocxlesTan ganSorebis gamo
tanjva, romlis arsic `laSqrobiT, xmlebis qneviT ZRomaa~, kaciWamiobaa _ aseTia mucalis sizmriseuli metamorfozis azri. mucali aq aludas oreulia, romelic mis yvelaze
idumal saTqmels ambobs, misi Sinagani samyaros saukeTeso nawils ganasaxierebs. isini
erTni arian, erT samyaros qmnian.
ase axlobeli gaxada mucali aludasaTvis misi sasikvdilo tanjvis Tanaziarobam.
(Sdr. goderZi Coxeli, `qistTa beladi~;
riCard oldingtoni, `fiqrebi germaneli jariskacis saflavTan~ _ n.k.).
aluda Sinaganad ganicdis mucalis kvdomas, Sinaganad SeigrZnobs imas, rac ar SeiZleba fizikurad SeigrZnos an dainaxos.
aluda mters Tavisiv msgavs, srulfasovan adamianad aRiarebs. isic iseTive RvTis
Svilia, rogorc aluda.
vaJa-fSavela wers: `bunebas Tavisi kanoni aqvs, kacTa cxovrebisaTvis damyarebuli...
mTeli kacobrioba, Cveni planetis mcxovrebni, ramdenime modgmad ganiyofian, xolo
modgmani _ erebad. yovelive eri Sesdgeba adamianebisagan, romelnic ganirCevian isev
erTi-erTmaneTisagan saxierebiT, gonebrivi da sulieri TvisebebiT.
saerTo Tvisebac sufevs maT Soris... SegviZlian, vupovnoT saerTo ram _ siyvaruli
sicocxlisa da mwuxareba sikvdilisa gamo~.
am, mTeli kacobriobisaTvis saerTo, fenomenebTan SexebiT aRmoaCens aluda `urjulo~ mterSi adamians, adamianTa erTianobas, yvelasTvis erT, kacTmoyvare RmerTs, rac mas
Sinaganad Tavisufal, sulierad Rrma pirovnebad aqcevs.
***
lali cercvaZe, aludas sizmari, `arili~ #16 (108), 21-27 maisi, 1998, gv. 2
aluda arRvevs ritualis struqturas, arRvevs swored im miuRebeli normebis gamo,
romelTa araadamianurobas TandaTan acnobierebs.
kuratis msxverplSewirvis ganxorcielebiT igi ukanasknel rgols Wris, romelic Zvel
samyarosTan akavSirebda. esoden didi movaleobis Tavis Tavze aReba mimarTulia sulieri
Rirebulebis damkvidrebisken, axali Rirebulebis dasadgenad. swored am konteqstSi iqneba gasagebi, msxverplSewirvis ganxorcielebisas ratom gasxivosnda aludas xmali (`xeli
gaikra frangulsa, Suqi amoxda mzisao~).
sizmriseuli ukan dabrunebiTa da ritualis namdvilobis ngreviT aluda wyvets kavSirs samyarosTan, miTis dangreviT axal Rirebulebebs amkvidrebs.

aluda qeTelauris feriscvaleba

`jer-ars Tquenda meored Sobai~ (ioane 3, 7)
aluda qeTelauri Satilionia, TemSi gamorCeuli, pativdebuli xevsuri.
`aluda qeTelaurs~ swored am pirovnebis warmoCeniT iwyebs vaJa-fSavela:
`aluda qeTelauri kacia davlaTiani,
safixvnos TavSi dajdebis, sityva maudis gziani;
bevrs qists maaWra marjvena, scada franguli fxiani;
cudas rad unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani~.
aludas `davlaTianoba~ mxolod materialur simdidres rodi gulisxmobs, upirvelesad _ suliers. aluda `sityvagziania~ (kai ymas, upirvelesad, moeTxoveba `swors fiqrs
34

aZlevdes Tem-sofels~ (`kai yma~), safixvnos (Temis sakrebulos) TavSi (!) zis. sityvagzians
frangulic uWris.
kargi rom aris, mteric imad hyavs mravlad.
raSic gamorCeuli hyavs, `fTiani~ (tatos meraniviT mxedris `bedis samZRvris~ miRma
gardamtarebeli).
aseTs warmoaCens vaJa aludas poemis dasawyisSi.
qeTelauri tradiciis erTgulia: `bevrs qists maaWra marjvena~.
erT dResac, swored `fTiani~ (soflis remasTan erTad) mostaces qistebma (mucalma
da mucalis Zmam) aludas. qeTelaurma jerac ar icis, rom es dRe sabedisweroa misTvis;
swored am dRes xdeba is, rac mis suls feriscvalebas ganacdevinebs.
aluda daedevneba gamtaceblebs, erTs umalve gamoasalmebs wuTisofels. meores
didxans esroda, erTmaneTs `rjulZaRlod~ uxmobdnen. guli gaunaZoZa qeTelauris nasrolma `RilRvels~.
sikvdils ar epueboda mucali, arca swadda, wyluls brZams (mTis balaxs) `ifevda~,
mglis fers ar kargavda. rodesac sikvdilis garduvaloba igrZno, Rirseul metoqes _
aludas gadugdo Tofi, Seni iyos, mters xelT ar Cauvardeso.
`aludas Tofi ar unda, atirda, rogorc qalio,
ar ahyris iaraRebsa, ar exarbeba Tvalio~.
qaliviT atirebuli aludas sulSi iwyeba didi feriscvaleba. tirili, cremli _ niWi
da madli suliwmidisa ganwmends suls (cremls `Tvalis wylad~ ganmartavs sulxan-saba
orbeliani). cremliT ganwmendili Tvali alafs ver dahxarbdeba.
jer cremlia, Semdeg _ gadawyvetileba:
`marjvenas ar sWris mucalsa, ityoda: `codva ario;
vaJkaco, Cemgan moklulo, RmerTma gacxonos mkvdario!
mklavzedav gebas marjvena, Senzed alali ario!
Sen xel Sens gulzed damiwdes, numc xarobs qavis kario!~
mteri mters ibralebs, codvaa, RmerTma gacxonoso, mimarTavs mokluls.
tradicias pirvelad Ralatobs aluda, pirvelad ebraleba xelis mosakveTad mteri,
radgan vaJkacma vaJkaci Seicno mosisxleSi, rCeulma _ rCeuli.
sofels dabrunebuls moklulze fiqri ahkviatebia, ar exsneba WrilobaSi brZamfCafenili mucalis aCrdili (`stumar-maspinZelSi~ vkiTxulobT: `kacis kacurad sikvdili
gulidam ara hqreboda~).
Tems gamoutydeba fernacvali (jer bolomdis arca aqvs gacnobierebuli es feriscvaleba):
`im cxonebulsa mucalsa rkina sdebiyo gulada,
...miT vaqeb vaJkacobasa, ar iyideba fulada~...
TiTqos TavisTvis fiqrobdes, Tanac, Tems afxizlebdes, imavdroulad:
`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT,
martoT Cven gvz(r)dian dedani,
Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT
kuprSi mielis qSenani...
amis TqmiT vwara-maraobT~...
mtrisa vaJkacoba xiblavs aludas, sikvdilis sazar wamsac Rirsebis SenarCunebis unari. qeTelauri acnobierebs tanjvis universalurobas (T. vasaZem rom `gamaerTianebel
35

tanjvad~ monaTla), sikvdilis garduvalobas, imas, rom Tavad SeiZleba aRmoCeniliyo

mucalis adgilze; ubralod, bedisweram ineba, Tavad gadaerCina, metoqe ki gaewira. bediswerisagan gawiruli Rirseuli kaci aRmoCnda da am Rir-seulobam SeZra Satilioni (mklavi
mucals ar mosWra, Torem `taxtaze daukidebav mucalis Zmisa mklavia~).
SeZruli xevsuri aqamdis ganucdels ganicdis, arnafiqrs fiqrobs:
`visac mteroba maswyurdes, gaaRos saxlis karia,
sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTanac Sigve mdgaria.
Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria;
pirjvari daiwerodes, miTam saydarSi aria.
sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria,
daipatiJos stumrebi, daamwkriodes jaria,
sisxlSi daigos logini, gverds daiwvinos calia,
bevri iyolos Svilebi, bevri vaJi da qalia,
iqve saflavi gaTxaros, iq daimarxos mkvdaria~.
aluda mucalTan mimarTebiT oden gonebiT ki ara, upirvelesad, guliT moqmedebs.
moxuc uSiSas gamoutydeba:
`ver gavimete mucali marjvenis mosaWrelada,
g u l i gamiwyra, ara hqna, rac saqnelia Znelada:
dae, daakldes saxelsa, me girCevnivar mrCevlada~.
aludam icis, rom, Tu mters marjvenas ar mohkveTs, `saxels daakldeba~, Tems ver
daarwmunebs, rom marTlac sZlia gadamTiels.
marTlac, `xevsurTa axal-uxlebi gadaiqcian tyemlada...
gamohqcevixar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada.
mahkal, marjvena ar masWer, ukven misdevdi ma rada?~
qeTelauri Temis winaSe Tavis gamarTlebas arc cdilobs, guls irCevs mrCevlad.
fernacvali, gulnacvali gznebs, rom vervis auxsnis, vervis agznebinebs mizezs
feriscvalebisa (iqneb, bolomdis Tavadac ara aqvs gacnobierebuli...).
dedasRa gamoutydeba, `guli Samekra radameo~ da Tavis sazar sizmars mouTxrobs.
qeTelauris sulis ganwmendaSi, TiTqos, zenaari Zalebic Caerevian da SemZrav xilvazmanebas mouvlenen.
aluda grZnobs, rom mkvleloba, kacis gawirva igiv kaciWamiobaa. `riT gansxvavdeba
TofiTa da xmliT SeiaraRebuli mkvleli velurisagan?!~ (T. vasaZe). viRac warmoTqvams
sizmarSi Semzarav sityvebs:
`kidev mimirTviT aludas wven-xorci gacxelebuli!~
mimates kacis ulvaSiT wven-xorci Sanelebuli...
sizmarT damtanjes, imiT var guneba-aRelvebuli~.
erTaderT Tanamlmobelzec, mindiazec ganawyenebulia (mindiam, soflis dasarwmuneblad, mucalis mokveTili marjvena amoitana. mindia jerac ver bedavs, win aRudges Temis
nebas. mogvianebiT, roca Satilionni qeTelaurs moikveTen, `mindias mauwyliandis Tvalebi~ _ misi sulic ganicdis feriscvalebas...).
`mucalamde aTi kaci hyavs mokluli aluda qeTelaurs. maTi mklavebi sakuTari
Rirsebis sabuTad aqvs qavis karze gamokiduli. arc mucalis mokvlas mouxdenia masze
iseTi STabeWdileba, rom msoflmxedveloba Sescvloda. igi Rirseul metoqed cno, magram misi mokvla did codvad ar ganucdia. magram, sizmrebma rom datanjes, iwyeba aludas metamorfoza. gavixsenoT `krizisuli sizmris~ aludaseuli `pirvelscena~, rodesac
36

aludam mkvleloba, rogorc kaciWamioba, gaicnobiera. am travmuli faqtis gacnobierebis

Semdeg aluda qeTelauris msoflmxedveloba icvleba. iwyeba saxecvlili aludas sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis drama~ (g. gaCeCilaZe, variaciebi Temaze: aleqsandre yazbegi da
koba-stalini, `Cveni mwerloba~, 19-25 seqtemberi, 2003, gv. 3).
`aluda qeTelauris gaRviZebulma gulma igema saSineleba kaciWamiobas Semsgavsebuli
mtrobisa da tanjviTa da wvalebiT ganvlo bWeni jojoxeTisani, raTa metad aRarasodes
mibruneboda maT~ (Tamaz Cxenkeli, mSvenieri mZlevari, Tb., 1989, gv. 119).
`vaJasTan, yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi, feriscvalebis sulieri safuZveli didi sulieri Seryevaa, roca amoqmeddeba zecnobieri... zecnobieri xilviT adamiani uaxlovdeba
RmerTs. xdeba ise, rogorc vaJa ambobs: `uflisa msgavsad iqceva, miT ufals gauCenia~
(`gamameria WaRara~) da rasac iTxovs maxarebeli: `iyveniT Tquen srul, viTarca mamai
Tqueni zecaTai srul ars~ (maTe 5, 48) (akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi).
aludas gadarwmunebas amaod cdilobs mindia:
`wesi ar aris mtris mokvla, Tu xel ar masWer daniTa.
vai, egeTas samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTa~.
codva-braliT monaTluli samarTliT veRar imoqmedebs fernacvali aluda. igi
grZnobs, rom Temi ar miutevebs, ukve, lamisaa, jibrSi Caudges soflis sastik (da mainc
TavdacviT!) kanonebs.
mindias gaendoba kidec: `mters movklav, kidev ar movsWri marjvenas magaT jabriTa~.
sagulisxmoa, rom qeTelauri mtris mokvlaze ki ar iRebs xels (`sikvdili TviTon
ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~ (`baxtrioni~)), aramed mtrisaTvis xelis mokveTis absurdul
tradicias uaryofs (xmlad, farad Tu Tivis kavad gamoiyenebs mokveTil marjvenas?!).
Temsa da aludas Soris dapirispireba maSin mwvavdeba, rodesac xevisbers qeTelauri
Sav kurats mihgvris da mokluli qistis damwyalobebas sTxovs. amaod cdilobs berdia,
gadaarwmunos Satilioni:
`mamiT ar modis anderZi, papiTa-d papis-papiTa,
gonT modi, qristiani xar, urjulovdebi magiTa!...
rogor vaxvewo ufalsa ZaRli, ZaRlebis jiSisa?!...
feri edeba berdias, feri sxva-rigis SiSisa~...
nisliviT TeTri, gafiTrebuli aluda Tavad klavs saklavs, arRvevs Temis kidev erT
tradicias (saklavis Sewirvis ufleba mxolod xevisbers hqonda).
mZafrdeba berdias `sxva-rigi SiSi~ da `jagaraSlili~ xevisberi `gakadnierebuli~ Satilionis mokveTisaken mouwodebs Tems:
`dajardiT, xevsurT Svilebo, yvelani _ didni, mcireni,
samarTliani vqnaT, vumtvrioT aludas saxlis direni!
nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis amatireni!
mokveTil iyos, sxva qveynis ca-Rrublis Sanamzirebi!~
Tvalebmowylianebuli, gulxeldakrefili mindia veras Svelis yalyze mdgari Temis
samizned qceul Satilions. Temis sisastikes gansakuTrebiT usvams xazs detali: balRis
mier amotanil mklavs mucalisas ZaRls rom miugdeben, sabralobel ymuils morTavs mye
fari (`Rmuili bralisa~ _ sibralulsac imarxavs da adamianTa braleulobis gancdasac).
esec ver moagebs gons avad gaRizianebulT, piriqiT, gaicineben, `ZaRli ZaRlis Zvals ar
stexso~.
qistis marjvenas `balRebi dabla aTreven kaviTa~...
Temis mZvinvarebas bunebis mrisxanebac erTvis _ Tovli buravs midamos, qari boboqrobs. namqersa da zvavs daufaravs `viwro savali gzebisa~ _ aludas gzawvrili (aluda,
37

feriscvalebis ganmcdeli, SaragziT ver ivlis. viwroa sasufevlisken savali gza). ojaxi,
deda-col-Svili, siciviT `aboJirebuli~, Sestiris qeTelaurs. gamwarebuli moxuci mSobeli godebs:
`vahme, ra ugzod davdivarT, vahme, rogora bnelao!
netav ar dasWirdebaa xevsurTa Seni Svelao?!
vis ra wyal-Wala gvistumrebs, sad ra-ra davileviTa?
ubino, usax-karoni sxvakanac daviwyeviTa~.
aluda aCumebs awrialebulT. misi didi simSvide uflis winaSe simarTlis winaswari
gznebidan modis.
qeTelaurma icis, rom marTalia RvTisa da sakuTari sindisis winaSe:
`modiT, momyeviT, vidinoT, RmerTm es gvarguna bedada.
jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu swyevT~...
Temisgan mokveTilsac ar dascdeba Temis sayveduri. `win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs...
Txrili aRar Cans kvalisa~...
aluda winmavali mgzavria, gzis gamkvalavi.
nakvalevs qari da Tovli Slis (`Txrili ara Cans kvalisa~). sofel-TemSi mindiaRa
darCa Tvalawylianebuli, sxva _ aravin. iqneb, odesme isic moikveTon, ezedmetoT...
Temi zrdis balRebs, romelnic kaviT aTreven mokveTil marjvenas...

***
vaJa-fSavela, ra aris Tavisufleba? Txzulebani, Tb., 1985
Tavisufali adamiani unda iqceodes ise, rom Tavis yofaqceviT sxvas ar hvnebdes, miT
umetes, sazogadoebas, aramed misi moqmedeba unda iyos mimarTuli qveynis sabednierod...
unda yovels sityvas da moqmedebas saerTo, sazogado bedniereba edvas sarCulad...
Tavisufleba da bedniereba sinonimebia...
marto qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa ar aris garantia, erma SeinarCunos Tavisufleba,
ukeTu Tan ar axlavs eris saerTo gonebrivi simwife, ganaTleba da codna... (gv. 758).
mindia
mindia, aluda qeTelauriviT, Satilionia. igi odnav gvian Cndeba `aluda qeTelaurSi~, rodesac mucalis mkvleli ukve sofelsaa dabrunebuli, Rirseuli mtris sikvdiliT
SeZrul-Sefiqrianebuli, Tems ki ar sjera qistis sikvdili, radgan dasturs _ warkveTil
marjvenas _ ver xedavs.
Cndeba fiqri: mindia rom sofelSi yofiliyo, martos ar gauSvebda aludas qistTa
sadevnad, Tavadac eaxleboda. Cans, igi ar iyo Satils, da, rodesac dabrunda, mosaxdeni
ukve momxdariyo.
mindias cxeni _ `wiTlai~ _ zerdagia (wiTel-oqrosferi), aludasi _ `fTiani~ (am detalebiTac vaJa TiTqos xazs usvams, rom mindia jerac miwisaa, Temisa, aluda _ ukve
TiTqmis cisa).
wels franguli artyia mindias, fari aqvs. igia `Tormetis qistis mamklavi SubiTa
tarianiTa~.
mindia rom Rirseuli kacia, naTlad warmoCndeba, roca Satilionni aludas augs etyvian
`eniTa SxamianiTa~(unasis, uxseneblis SxamTan igivdeba wamqezeblis boroti sityva).
aludas augma guli atkina mindias (dRes Tu aludas wiravs Temi, xval mindias jeri
dadgeba), `iwyina, Subli dakeca naoWiT zarianiTa: `nu ityviT vaJkacis augs eniTa qarianiTa!~
38

Sehpirda Tems, simarTles iolad Sevityob, aludas nakvalevs mivyvebi, gza-kvali

ar amereva, erTi dRis sagzals vikmareb, `mravalaTa (varskvlavTa) dabrZanebamdis~ davbrundebio.
mindia rom gansakuTrebulia, am saqcielmac warmoaCina. sxva SatilionTa msgavsad,
`guliTa narianiTa~ (eklianiT) ar gauwiravs qeTelauri, guljavrians zurgi ar Seuqcevia,
`tyemlad ar gadaqceula,~ sxvebiviT ar daumcirebia, matyuarad ar mounaTlavs, xmali
diacT gadaugde `cxemlad~, dambaCa _ TiTistarado, ar wamouZaxnia da geslianad ar uTqvams `davlaTiani~ da `sityvagziani~ kacisTvis:
`gamohqcevixar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada.
mahkal, marjvena ar masWer, ukan misdevdi ma rada?!~
danapirebi aasrula mindiam, sisxlafuebul `axlebs~ (Cans, Tavad arcTu axalgazrdaa)
usayvedura:
`sWriTa da hkeravT guliTa,
guls aTreinebT gonebas, Tavs aWreinebT culiTa,
advil ver icnobT vaJkacsa mis vaJkacuris rjuliTa.
erTurTs nu daaCagvrinebT, guli-d goneba Zmania...
ena qarqaSSi geWirosT, advil nu ityviT sityvasa,
advil nu ityviT vaJkacze, `ara vargao!~ _ imasa~.
mindia, aludas simarTleSi dasarwmuneblad, sofels mokluli qistis marjvenas
Camoutans. iwyens qeTelauri, mklavis mokveTa rom mndomoda, gana Tavad ver movaxerxebdio; usayvedurebs: `ver giqnav kargad, mindiav, saqme mogirTav avada~. raSi gamoviyenebo
mokveTil marjvenas _ arc xmlad gamodgebao, arc Tivis kavad.
tkiviliT etyvis keTilismyofels:
`waiRe, Tu gwam ufali, nuRar maCveneb TvaliTa!
kai ymis marjvena ari, guli mewveba braliTa~.
ukvirs aludas, rad swyrebian xevsurni, rad iboRmebian. mindias gamoutydeba: `mters
movklav, kidev ar movsWri marjvenas magaT jabriTa~.
mindia, jerac Temis wesTa mona, cdilobs, gadaarwmunos: `wesi ar aris mtris mokvla,
Tu xel ar masWer daniTa~.
aluda swored mindiasTan gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas sazari wesis mimarT: `vai
egeTas samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTa!~ grZnobs, rom TanasoflelTagan mindia
Tu Caswvdeba misi tkivilis siRrmes.
rodesac jagaraSlili berdia Tems mZvinvared mouwodebs, `samarTali~ gaaCinon, saxlis direni daundoblad umtvrion adaTTa damrRvevs, urjulos dammwyalobebels, Sesawiravi kuratis Tavad damkvlels, mxolod mindias ewureba guli, `mauwyliandis Tvalebi,
veRarasa hSvels aludas. gulze gadiwyvis mklavebi~.
es sasowarkveTis Jestia, verafriT gamoxatavs Rirseuli vaJkaci Rirseuli vaJkacis
Tanadgomas, Temisa ekrZalvis, sakuTari uilajoba aZrwunebs.
(iqneb, aq mindia daaxloebiT imaves fiqrobs, rasac zviadauris mkvlelobis macqerali
aRaza: `xalxze ukana dgeboda, miSvelebasa hlamobda... fiqrobda brazmoreuli: netavi,
momca culio, ... rom eg vacocxlo, sxvas yvelas gavafrTxobino sulio~ (`stumar-maspinZeli~)).
gawyra mindia, rodesac balRma kaviT moaTria mucalis marjvena, Tavad mindias mier
motanili sofelSi _ TemisaTvis aludas simarTlis dasadastureblad. wuxiliT gaixsena,
mklavi `me mivutane aludas, feri davadev wyenisao~. Semdeg xevSi gadaegdo...
mindia sxvisi tkivilis Tanamlmobelia, grZnobs, rom guli atkina aludas, roca misi
39

simarTle `mklaviT~ daadastura. man, aludasagan gansxvavebiT, jer ar icis, rom simarTles dadastureba, Temis beWedi ar sWirdeba (`WeSmaritebam gangaTavisufloT Tquen~ _
macxovriseuli damoZRvra).
aludasagan gansxvavebiT, mindias jer ar SeuZlia, win aRudges Tems, roca is rCeuls
usamarTlod moikveTs.
jer...
mindias sulSic, albaT, dawyebulia is didi feriscvaleba, rac aludam ganicada. Tuki
aludasaTvis mucalis sikvdili iqca feriscvalebis mizezad, mindiasaTvis, albaT, aludas gankveTa iqceva umniSvnelovanes tkivilad, kaTarzisis, feriscvalebis dasabamad.
`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~ aluda. vin icis, egeb odesme, mindiac aludas kvals
gauyenos xSirad umadurma, xSirad sastikma Temma?!
(Tumc, ra Tqma unda, Temsac aqvs Tavisi simarTle _ igi adaTis ganuxreli dacviT
Tavis Seuvalobasa da TviTmyofadobas icavs...).

***
vaJa xornauli, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia, gaz. `libo~ #4, 1997
aluda qeTelauri gaZevebulia. SatilSi aRaraa pirovneba, uromlisodac sofeli Ronieri ver iqneba...
sofeli erTi kacis imediTaa. sofeli gulgrili da daundobelia _ man aluda qeTelauri sasikvdilod gawira, rodesac martodmarto gauSva qistebTan sabrZolvelad.
nuTu SatilSi ar arsebobs meore kaci, romelic aluda qeTelaurTan erTad gaedevneba qistebs?!
arsebobs SatilSi aseTi kaci. es kaci mindiaa.
poemis dasawyisSi mindias `sxvagan yofnis~ mizezi mxolod mTavari gmiris moqmedebisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa (aluda marto unda Seebas qistebs). mindia arc maSin Cans, roca
SatilSi macne movardeba da arc maSin, rodesac sofeli beberi uSiSas piriT hkiTxavs
`aludas ambavs cdisasa~. arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom qistTagan moparul cxenebSi ar urevia
mindias `wiTlai~.
vaJa-fSavelasaTvis (da mkiTxvelisaTvisac) mindia `sxva~ aris _ aludaze naklebi,
xolo danarCenebze _ meti. macnis gamoCenisas rom mindia sofelSi yofiliyo, qistebs
aludasTan erTad daedevnebodao, fiqrobs mkiTxveli da, marTlac, Zneli warmosadgenia
mindia im xevsurTa Soris, mouTmenlad rom elian aluda qeTelaurisa da sakuTari cxenebis dabrunebas.
roca gudanis salocavSi aludas sastiki ganaCeni gamoutanes, `Tormeti qistis mamklav~ mindias `mauwyliandis Tvalebi~...
mindia cremliT gvelaparakeba. misi cremli, aluda qeTelaurTan erTad, mucalsac
ekuTvnis, radgan aluda mucalis gareSe warmoudgenelia...
`aluda qeTelaurSi~ ar Cans, magram gonier mkiTxvels ar gauWirdeba warmodgena imisa, Tu rogor gaitanjeba mindia, rodesac aludas saxl-kars dauqceven da mravalTaTvis
uxilav simaRleebs ziarebuli Satilioni Tovlian aRmarTs auyveba ojaxTan erTad.
albaT, aluda qeTelauris nacvlad, `safixvnos TavSi dajdebis~... mindia.
albaT, arc is iqneba moulodneli, Tu erT mSvenier dRes mindiasac moikveTs Temi _
mxolod imitom, RmerTs rom sxvebze metad miuaxlovda...
mere ki...
`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~... (gv. 2).

40

`stumar-maspinZeli~
`stumar-maspinZeli~, tragikuli da lamazi poema vaJa-fSavelasi, maradiul `wyevakrulvian sakiTxavze~ daafiqrebs mkiTxvels. mravalia es `sakiTxavi~: Temisa da pirovnebis
urTierTmimarTeba, mtroba da dandoba, tradicia da gamonaklisi, vaJkacoba da sisastike.
1893 w. dawerili poema maradisobisaTvisaa Seqmnili, raTa adamianebma gaacnobieron
uflis maRali sibrZne: `wyaloba mnebavs da ara msxverpli~; is, rom miteveba SurisZiebaze
maRalia.
`Ramis wyvdiadSi Cafluli, gamtknarebuli~ qisteTis aRweriT iwyebs poemas vaJa, da
Rameuli foni, sibnele aq simbolur datvirTvas iZens, bnelsav xevSi myefari mdinarec
_ Sebindebis, Tu ukuni Ramis sibnele verc Seedreba adamianTa sulSi Camdgar wyvdiads,
romelic sxvagvari madliT gasxivosnebulT iwiravs.
`stumar-maspinZelSi~ aRwerili midamo qisteTisa iseTive bnelia, rogorc `aluda
qeTelaurSi~ daxatuli Satili (qisteTi `Ramis wyvdiadSia Cafluli~, Satils `jer ar
Caswdomia Suqi SuadRis mzisao,.. ca axuria kldisao~). orivegan brmani aRmoCndnen, sxvisi
Rirsebis verdamnaxvelni da orsav TemSi mxolod TiTo pirovneba ganwmida bediswerulma
SemTxvevam, rac, ra Tqma unda, uflismieri kanonzomierebaa.
monadire monadires miiwvevs Sin; uZvelesi adaTis Tanaxmad, gamarjvebuli xelmocaruls naalafarSi Seiziarebs.
qistma, jaregelma joyola alxastaisZem jerac ar icis, rom stumari Wieli nunua ki
ara, bisoeli zviadauria, is, vinc `qistebs bevrs sisxli avala~.
mTis tradiciisamebr, stumris wvevas RvTis wyalobad miiCnevs qisti. ulamazes
meuRles, cidan moclili varskvlaviT mSvenier aRazas wveulis sakadrisad gamaspinZlebas ubrZanebs. imdenad moewoneba maspinZels stumari, meore dRes masTan Zmad gaficvas
ganizraxavs, magram...
vaJa momWirned hyveba tragikul ambavs: joyolas ojaxSi stumrad myofi drouli qisti zviadaurSi mosisxles Seicnobs, Tems aSlis, mziri xevsuris sawol adgils dainamdvilebs da qistebi Suris saZieblad dajardebian: `unda Saswiron Tavis mkvdars zviadauris
Tavia~.
vaJa-fSavela warmoaCens drouli qistis daokebul mrisxanebas (`stumari sxvis saxlSi
ver gaSlis xaTabalasa~), magram, rasac ver ikadrebs, Tu ver gabedavs erTi, gabedavs da
ikadrebs Temi: `Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.
Temi araTu `xaTabalas gaSlis~ joyolas saxlSi, Tavad joyolasac ki emuqreba `mTeli
qisteTis amomgde~ zviadauris maspinZlobisaTvis:
`am giauris gulisTvis Zmebsac epyrobi mterada,
ar ici, rom Seni saqmec dReidan wava cerada?!~
(Temis saTqmels kvlav musa ambobs).
gansakuTrebiT daundobelia Temi zviadauris darlasaTvis (mokluli qistisaTvis)
msxverplad Sewirvisas. qistebs rom umal moeklaT xevsuri, romelmac `bevrs qists moaWra marjvena, udrod saflavSi Calala~, es gasagebic iqneboda (`baxtrionSic~ vkiTxulobT:
`sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~), magram Temi ar kmayofildeba mosisxaris
mkvlelobiT, man es mokvdineba msxverplSewirvis sazar ritualad unda aqcios.
vaJa ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazidan lirikul gadaxvevas akeTebs, sakuTar damokidebu
lebas warmoaCens sikvdilisadmi:
`sikvdili yvelas gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hkvlen, cqera gvwadian;
kacni ver hgrZnoben bevrjela, rogor dids codvas sCadian~.
sanaxaoba ar Sedga, `ZaRl iyos Tqveni mkvdrisada~-s meti, vera wamoacdenines ra `warbdaRrublulsa, qedCaJangebul mTasao~ _ zviadaurs.
41

`sicocxle hqreba, sisxli dis, zviadauri kvdeboda,

guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda...
daklulma dakla maT (mterTa _ n.k.) guli da gaucrua qadili~.
isic ki ifiqres, cxedari xanjlebiT daeseraT, javri neStze eyaraT,
`magram ver hbedven, scxvenianT: codvaa! _ yvela hfiqrobda,
xalxis guli da goneba sasinanulod mihqroda.
sTqves, roca saxlSi gabrundnen, Tav-Tavqve Camodiodnen:
`xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadioden?
kargi vaJkaci yofila, yvela allahsa hficavda, _
imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.
magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~ _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,
is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT, gulSi CavurWoT danao~.
sinanuli wams eyo, mtrobis metastazi ufro Zalumi aRmoCnda TemSi. pirovnebis sulSi
ki piriqiT xdeba: mtrobis balRami sul wamiT gadaenTxeva joyolas suls, maSin, rodesac
Temi, lamis niSnismogebiT, raRacnairi boroti sixaruliTac TiTqos, auwyebs, rom misi
Zmis mkvlelic zviadauria.
joyola TemisaTvis gaugebrad, magram, zneobis TvalsazrisiT, absoluturad gamarTlebulad iqceva. SemZravia misi sityvebi TanasoflelTadmi:
`dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa,
miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa.
roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada,
vis gauyidav stumari, qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada?...
Cems ojaxs pasuxs riT aZlevT? saxlSi xarT, gana Sarada?!
uiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~
guli arafersa grZnobs; Temis sinanuli wamieria. zviadauris cxedars yvav-yornebis
sajijgnad davagdebTo, `TavmowonebiT~ iZaxian qistebi (ai, aludas ki, mucalis mokvlis,
mtris vaJkacobisa da Rirsebis gacnobierebis Semdeg, `ar ewoneba Tavia; pirs daswolia
nislebi, guliT nadeni, Savia~ _ aRniSnuli detali warmoaCens, rom kaTarzisi individualuria; is, rac erTisTvis sabedisweroa da sakraluri, meorisaTvis sulac araferia...).
joyolasaviT naTeli da maRalia aRaza, wrfeli cremliT rom daitirebs uWirisuflo
vaJkacs, RvTisa da Temis garduvali risxviT winaswar SeZrwunebuli. Temis SiSi _ `es
fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda, kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.
sasaflaoze adevnebuli Rrubel-aCrdilni aRazas SeSfoTebuli sulis warmosaxvis
nayofia. `aCqarebuli Rrubelni cis pirze gadmodiodnen!~ _ SeZrwunebuli qalis guliscemas epasuxebodnen TiTqos...
damamSvidebelia joyolas tkiviliani nugeSi:
`itire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?
diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.
joyola, Tavadac `kargi vaJkaci~, martodmarto SeebrZoleba xevsureTs zviadauris
cxedris wasasveneblad jaregas Seseul bisoelT, Tavsac Seaklavs, magram Temi mainc ver
(Tu gangeb ar!) dainaxavs, `vin erTgulia, vin ara~...
umaduria da daundobeli Temi Tavisi Rirseuli Svilisadmi:

42

`mohklan, Tu mohkles, axia!

exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel agvria,
soflisa gadra indoma,
Cven ki talaxSi gagvria~.
(iqneb, momxdari sulac ar iyo joyolasa da Tems Soris pirveli winaaRmdegoba. `winad
xom bevrjel agvria~ ras unda niSnavdes?!).
Tavis rCeul Svils, martodmarto rom Seerkina da Seakvda xevsurT, gaRma Seedava
Temi, `Tavis Temobis wesiTa~ yovelTvis `marTali~.
`sxivmixdili varskvlavi~, aRaza, Tavisi `codvis~ gamacnobierebeli (`codva~ mxolod
isaa, rom `ucxosTvis~ cremli Rvara _ is `ucxo~ joyolas `sxuai Cemi~ _ `alter ego~ iyo,
rogorc mucali _ aludasi), mgznebi imisa, rom qisteTSi erTguli kenWic ki ar egulvis,
Tavs mdinareSi daixrCobs, lamsa da qviSas Seereva...
magram lamsa da qviSas ver Seereva xsovna kavkasiis mTebSi odesRac momxdari tragikul-mSvenieri ambisa...
erTurTs xvdebian RamRamobiT aCrdilni zviadaurisa da joyolasi. mowyenili, saxe
mwuxare aRaza jixvis mwvadebiT umaspinZldeba.
Rirseulni, gamorCeulni `vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa, stumarmaspinZlis weszeda cnobis da da-Zmobisasa~.
(vaJasTvis `vaJkacoba~ da `dandoba~ sinonimuri cnebebia _ dandobis maRali niWi mxo
lod vaJkacT mihmadlebiaT).
didebul saxilvels uSavesi janRi daefineba da `wera-mwerelis weriTa~ (bedisweris
msaxvrali nebiT) gadafaravs. buruss verc Semlocveli gafantavs, verc kveri daamtvrevs...
da mainc _ vaJa wkvaramSi, `kurumad Savis feris~ janRSi rodi gvtovebs _ `ufskruls
dascqers pirimze moRerebulis yeliTa~.
joyola da zviadauri
(`stumar-maspinZeli~)
joyola alxastaisZe da zviadauri vaJa-fSavelas `stumar-maspinZlis~ personaJebi
arian. poema maT saxels atarebs da saTaurSivea warmoCenili stumrisa da maspinZlis
sakralur-bedisweruli erToba.
Sexvedrac sakralur-bediswerulia: `maS, Tu es ase ar aris, rad SamefeTe am drosa?~ _
hkiTxavs xevsurs qisti da xelmocarul monadires, monadiruli adaTisamebr, ara mxolod
nanadirevSi Seiziarebs, Sinac istumrebs.
stumarmaspinZlobis tradicias rom udides pativs miagebs, es joyolas sityvebiT
warmoCndeba, `cidan moclili varskvlavis~ sadar meuRles rom etyvis : `ai, stumari moggvare, R v T i s w y a l o b a a C v e n z e d a~.
da es rom litoni sityvebi ar aris, lxinis Jams iolad warmoTqmuli, WirSic dasturdeba. jagaraSlil Tems stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciis uzenaesobas Seaxsenebs joyola:
`dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa, miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav
RmerTs, qmnili imisa~.
stumarmaspinZlobis tradiciis sakralurobas sxvanic gzneben. joyolas, zviadaurTan
erTad rom brundeba jaregaSi, Sin stumari dauxvdeba, drouli qisti.
`stumrad mosuli ucnobi stumars pativs scems sxvisasa,
fexze adgoma wesia, wess ver daarRvevs mTisasa~.
Tumc zviadaurSi mosisxles Seicnobs, `stumari sxvis saxlSi ver gaSlis xaTabalasa~.
magram, rasac ver ikadrebs, Tu ver gabedavs erTi, ikadrebs da gabedavs Temi, romelic
Tavadve arRvevs mravalsaukunovan adaTs:
43

`mosisxle stumris gulisTvis ZuZus vin mosWris dedasa?!...

Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.
Temi stumrad ver aRiqvams `mTeli qisteTis amomgdes~ da mxolod joyola rCeba
tradiciisa da dandobis uzenaesi madlis erTguli.
joyola maspinZelia, zviadauri _ stumari. maspinZlis arseboba stumris arsebobiTaa
ganpirobebuli (da piriqiT).
poemis dasawyisSi arc erTia stumari da arc meore _ maspinZeli. isini erTurTs gvian
RamiT, kldeebSi xvdebian. aq, Temisagan Sors, pirovnebis pirovnuloba ufro naTlad warmoCndeba, monadire monadires gaecnoba da jer orivesaTvis ucnobia, raoden bediswerulia es Rameuli Sexvedra.
joyola saxlTan ufro axlosaa _ `gaRma sCans qistis sofeli arwivis budesaviTa,
saamo aris sacqerad diacis ubesaviTa~. xevsur zviadaurs ki, `Wiel nunuad~ rom gaecnoba
qists (`ra hqnas? mis saxels icnoben, qistebs bevrs sisxli avala~), gza ahbnevia.
maspinZlobas joyola gaswevs, jaregaSi, Tavis cixe-galavanSi miiwvevs stumars:
`amaRam CemTan wamodi, me gagiZRvebi Tavada,
Tu kargad ar dagixvdebi, arc dagixvdebi avada...
zogs me giambob Cems dardsa, zogic Sen gamiziare...
ai, es Cemi ojaxi, Cemi cixe da saxlia;
mobrZandi, rogorc Zma ZmasTan, naTlimamasTan _ naTlia~ (ara mxolod xorciel, sulier naTesaobasac sTavazobdes TiTqos}.
wkvaramSi, Ramis sibneleSi, ugzoobaSi, kldeze gaklaknil viwro bilikze ori naTeli
kaci xvdeba erTurTs, gangebis nebiT.
suli TiTqos sulsa scnobs, Torem pirvelsave Semxvedrs aravin etyvis, `zogs me giambob Cems dardsa, zogic Sen gamiziareo~.
iqneb, xevsuris mokrZalebam moxibla qisti, `saca ar mixnav, Zmobilo, iq vmko, es sada
uria~, nanadirevSi rogor Segeziarebio, ufro metad ki, albaT, ndobam, stumrobaze Tanxmobam.
es is Jamia, roca qisteTi `dahmRerda gmirobisasa, mama-papaTa cdisasa, rogor arbevdnen fSav-xevsurT, sisxls ar arCendnen Zmisasa~. amav simReras mReroda drouli qisti, Sin
rom dauxvda joyolas.
alxastaisZisaTvis zviadauri jerac Wieli nunuaa, pativiT miRebuli stumari, drouli qisti ki umalve Seicnobs wveuls, Sxamiani eniT dageslavs da aaboboqrebs sofels.
joyola ki meore dRisaTvis axalgacnobil xevsurTan Zmad gaficvas fiqrobs, Tavis laWansac uTmobs.
wamiT daeWvdeba stumarSi, rodesac Rameuli xmauri Caesmis (`gvRalatobs Cveni
stumari, ZmobiT da megobrobiTa Semogvapara laSqari!~).
rogorc ki stumris udanaSaulobaSi darwmundeba, joyolaSi RirsebaSelaxuli
maspinZlis Tavmoyvareoba iRviZebs, mrisxaned mimarTavs `jagaraSlil~ TanasoflelT,
tyla
piviT rom Telaven alxastaisZis Rirsebas: `rad stexT sauflo Cvens wessa, Tavs
lafs rad masxamT kokiTa?~
stumarmaspinZlobaa `sauflo wesi~.
amaod cdilobs Temi, Seagnebinos joyolas, rom swored joyolas stumari `etevebodaT~ mglurad, mudam qistTa gaJletis msurveli; rom alxastaisZis Zmis mkvlelic
zviadauria, amayad rom Camohkioda Tavis saxels darbeulT, qistTa cxvar-Zroxas rom
xevsureTs erekeboda.
Tavs rad imurtlavo, ukiJinebs Temi joyolas, magram Rirsebas ar uRalatebs qisti,
mosisxle mtersac ver gawiravs, raki Tavad iwvia:
`roca gascdeba Cems ojaxs, iq moepyariT avada.
vis gauyidav stumari, qisteTs sad Tqmula ambada?...
Cems ojaxs pasuxs riT aZlevT, saxlSi xarT, gana Sarada!~
44

joyolas didbunebovnebas, maRal sulierebas adasturebs TemisaTvis Tqmuli: `uiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~
joyola winaaRmdegia pirovnebis, Tund mosisxaris, Seuracxyofisa, damcirebisa. igi
Tems upirispirdeba, rodesac brbo adamianis Rirsebas amcirebs;
magram rodesac xevsurni qisteTs moejarebian, dakluli TanamoZmis cxedari rom Sin
waasvenon, joyola, mTeli soflis dasanaxad, martoka SeebrZoleba mters, raTa sofelma
naxos, `vin erTgulia, vin ara~. moRalated miCneuls saflavis qva cocxlad dasdgmia
guls.
brma (guliT!) Temi mainc ver (Tu gangeb ar) acnobierebs joyolas erTgulebas, misi
daRupva uxaria kidec:
`mohklan, Tu mohkles, axia!
exlac masxarad agvigdo,
winad xom bevrjel agvria,
soflisa gadra indoma, Cven ki talaxSi gagvria~.
rCeuls swored rCeulobas ver `Seundobs~ Temi.
gansakuTrebiT aRamaRlebs qists aRazasaTvis Tqmuli:
`itire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?
diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.
TemSi mxolod aRazam icis joyolas simaRle, mitomac `ekereboda gul-mkerdze qmars
margalitis Rilada~...
aRazave acnobierebs srulad zviadauris simaRles. uiaraRo tyve ar udrkeba jagaraSlili brbos mrisxanebas. `ZaRl iyos Tqvenis mkvdrisada!~-s mets, veras wamoacdenineben xevsurs.
`ra mosdreks warb-daRrublulsa, qed CaJangebul mTasao...
sicocxle hqreba, sisxli dis, zviadauri kvdeboda,
guli ver mohkla mtris xelma, guli guladve rCeboda~.
Tems imedi gaucruvda, Tavis mkvdars ver Seswira mosisxari. avad gaRizianebuls, ewada, xanjlebiT daesera micvalebulis neSti, magram Sercxva, ver gabeda. TiTqos, sinanulic igrZno, magram mainc gaimarTla Tavi:
`xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs rom ar sCadiodnen?
kargi vaJkaci yofila, _ yvela allahsa hficavda,_
imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.
magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~, _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,
is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT gulSi CavurWoT danao~.
zviadauris vaJkacobis aRiarebis miuxedavad, Temi saflavs ar gauWris micvalebuls,
Selaxul Tavmoyvareobas (Tu pativmoyvareobas) imiT ikmayofilebs, rom yvav-yoranTa sajijgnad daagdebs cxedars.
aRazaRa daitirebs upatrono cxedars.
`erT mxriv, xaTri aqvs Temisa, meoriT _ RmerTi aSinebs...
es fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda,
kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.
Tavis `codvas~ acnobierebs aRaza: `me ufro didi codva maqvs, ucxosTvis cremli
vRvaria~.
45

Tavis micvalebuls sxvis miwaze rodi toveben fSavel-xevsurni, jaregas daarbeven,

cxvar-Zroxas waasxamen...
bisos waasvenes zviadauri, `ciT Camosuli svetada, fSav-xevsureTis far-xmali~. guli
daumSvides Svilmkvdar dedas. frinvelTagan najijgni, gafantuli Zvlebi moasvenes...
stumrisa da maspinZlis aCrdilebi zvavisgan `nagal~ goraze hxvdebian erTurTs. sasaflaodan amosul farxmlian zviadaurs gul-xeli daukrefia, mdumared esalmeba Zmobils.
aRaza jixvis mwvadebs sTavazobT.
aCrdilni `vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa,
stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da da-Zmobisasa~.
dandobis niWi mxolod vaJkacT mihmadlebiaT.
`kurumad Savi feris~ janRi gadafaravs mSvenier saxilvels. verc Selocva fantavs,
verc kveri amtrevs jadosaviT mZimes da bnels.
da mainc... `ufskruls dascqers pirimze moRerebulis yeliTa~ (rogorc `aluda qeTelaurSi~ SuadRis mze _ kldiT dafarul cas Satilisa).
grigol kiknaZe, vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1957. vaJas personaJebs gaaCniaT unari,
winaaRudgnen pirvel mozRvavebas TavianTi sulisas, gza Seucvalon instinqtTa mimarTulebas...
joyolas dakvirvebul Tvals `ver daemalvis im grZnobis nakvalevia~, romelsac zviadauris datirebiT gamowveuli aRazas vardisferi morcxvoba faravda... aRazas sityvebs:
`cremlebi Semiwiria im Seni megobrisada~ joyolam iseTi azri Seageba, romelic mas aTavisuflebs Savi iWvisagan da moraluri sidiadiT anaTebs mis maRal pirovnul saxes: `itire?!
madli giqnia~... (gv. 67).

***
iuza evgeniZe, vaJa-fSavela, Tb., 1989
vaJas Tavdapirveli mizandasaxulobiT, ZiriTadi datvirTva zviadauris pirovnebazea
gadatanili. amas mowmobs Tundac is faqti, rom variantSi poemis saTauria ara `stumarmaspinZeli~, aramed `zviadauri~. etyoba, Tavisi poeturi Canafiqris winaswari Sefasebis
safuZvelze vaJa zviadaurisa da joyolas mxatvrul saxeTa gawonasworebis axdens. Semdgom ukve emociuri TvalsazrisiT es saxeebi tolfasovanni arian, rac asaxulia kidec
poemis saboloo saTaurSi `stumar-maspinZeli~ _ miT umetes, rom emociuri daZabulobis
saTave sworad stumarmaspinZlobis ambavs emyareba, misgan momdinareobs... (gv. 365).
Temisa da pirovnebis urTierTobis sakiTxisaTvis
(`aluda qeTelaurisa~ da `stumar-maspinZlis~ mixedviT)
Temi da pirovneba, mTeli da calkeuli, `Cven~ da `me~ _ maradisi erTianoba, maradisi
dapirispireba. Temi adamianebisagan Sedgeba, magram adamianTagan yoveli rodia pirovneba.
upirovnebod Temi usaxuria, uferuli. pirovneba qmnis Temis saxes, saxierebas, saxels.
iqneb swored pirovnebis saxiereba, rCeulis gamorCeuloba aRizianebs Tems da moikveTs
mas, visSic Suqia?!
pirovneba RvTiuri saxierebis dammarxvelia, saxe da xati uflisa, viszec ityvis maxa
rebeli: `cxoreba igi iyo naTel kacTa. da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans da bneli igi mas
ver ewia... sofelsa Sina iyo, da sofeli mis mier Seiqmna, da sofelman igi ver icna. TvisTa
Tana movida, da TvisTa igi ara Seiwynares~ (ioane 1, 4... 10-11).
`win midis mgzavri, mihkvalavs~..., _ hyveba vaJa aluda qeTelaurze da swored es `winmavloba~, gzis gamkvalavobaa bediswera pirovnebisa.
Temisa da pirovnebis sakralur-bedisweruli erToba da dapirispireba sityvis bibliuri momWirneobiT aRwera vaJa-fSavelam `aluda qeTelaursa~ da `stumar-maspinZelSi~,
warmoaCina, rom, erovnebis miuxedavad, Temi xSirad erTnairad mkacria (rom ara vTqvaT,
46

daundobeli) Tavis gamorCeul SvilTa mimarT.

aludaca da joyolac Temis unaTlesi Svilebi arian, xevsureTsa da qisteTSi gamorCeulni.
`aluda qeTelauri kacia davlaTiani,
safixvnos TavSi dajdebis, sityva maudis gziani;
bevrs qists maaWra marjvena, scada franguli fxiani;
cudas rad unda mteroba, kargia mudam mtriani!~
aludas `davlaTianobiT~, `sityvagzianobiT~ xazgasmulia qeTelauris gamorCeuloba,
is, rom igi TemSi WkuissakiTxavi kacia (cxenic ki gansxvavebuli hyavs _ `fTiani~ _ tatos
meraniviT `bedis samZRvris gardamtarebi~).
jaregeli qisti joyola alxastaisZec `davlaTiania~. aqvs `qavi da cixe karada... etyoba Tavmowoneba saubarSia~, Tavmoyvarea, tradiciaTa mcveli (aRazas etyvis: `ai, stumari
moggvare, RvTis wyalobaa Cvenzeda~...).
Satilioni aludaca da qisti joyolac TemSi rCeulni, tradiciaTa erTgulni, Temis
interesTa upirvelesi damcvelni arian. metic, aluda sxva rjulis aRmsarebel mucals
`rjul-ZaRlad~ uxmobs, rogorc yoveli xevsuri. qeTelauris qavze (cixe-galavanze) `xeleb jRrdesaviT hkidia, zogi lekisa, sxva _ qistis~.
joyolasac arasodes daerRvia qistTa adaTi.
maS, raRa xdeba, rad iqcevian Temis rCeulni, `sityvagzianni~, TemisTvisve `saSiS~
pirovnebebad, lamis saZulvel adamianebad, mosakveTad ganwirulebad?
aludasa da joyolas feriscvalebis mizezi (mizezi maTi namdvili, Sinagani bunebis
warmoCenisa) xdeba bedisweruli, gangebismieri Sexvedra aseve rCeulTan, gansxvavebulTan:
aludasi _ qist mucalTan,
joyolasi _ xevsur zviadaurTan.
es aris rCeulis Sexvedra rCeulTan, gansakuTrebulisa _ gansakuTrebulTan, sulieri
tolobis SegrZnebiT gamowveuli maRali feriscvalebis mizezi, gangebis maRali nebiT.
(sagulisxmoa, rom mucalis Zmis mkvlelobas sulac ar SeuZravs aluda. mklavic Cveulebriv wamoiRo qavis kars misakravad).
aluda acnobierebs, rom misgan mokluli qisti vaJkacia, Rirseulia, sikvdilis sazar
Jamsac gautexeli, gulganaZoZebulic, aludas tyviiT guldafleTilic brZams rom `ifevda~ da fers ar kargavda mglisasa.
gaacnobiera Tu ara sikvdilis garduvaloba, Tofi mkvlels gadaugdo, sxvis xelSi
aRar Cavardes, rjulZaRloo _ sikvdilis Jamsac Rirseuli, aRiarebs mtris RirsebaRirseulobasac _ aludas andobs Tavis iaraRs.
`aludas Tofi ar unda, atirda, rogorc qalio,
ar ahyris iaraRebsa, ar exarbeba Tvalio~.
jer TemTan dapirispirebisa araferi Cans, magram qeTelauris sulSi ukve dawyebulia
feriscvaleba, cremli Camorecxavs sisxls.
cremli _ `Tvalis wyali~ (saba) _ niWi da madli suliwmidisa _ niSania sulSi momxdari
Zvrisa.
aludas Tvali, `sulidan mzirali~, veRar dahxarbdeba mucalis iaraRs...
Tvals cremli dasdinda, suli gadasxvaferda. Satils dabrunebuli, gaendo moxuc
uSiSas:
`ver gavimete mucali marjvenis mosaWrelada,
guli gamiwyra, ara hqna, rac saqnelia Znelada:
dae, daakldes saxelsa,
me (guli _ n. k.) girCevnivar mrCevlada!~

47

joyolas mrCevelic gulia, rodesac zviadauris mosaklavad azvirTebul TanasoflelT, romelnic usisineben, Seni Zmac magan moklao, mSvidad, tkiviliT etyvis:
`dRes stumaria eg Cemi, Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa,
miTac me ver vuRalateb, vficav RmerTs, qmnili imisa...
uiaraRos awvalebT, g u l i rasa hgrZnobs Tavada?~
pirovnebas ZaluZs, ifiqros guliT, dahyves nebas gulisas, magram Temi (Satilica da
jaregac) guls ver (Tu ar) daemorCileba, igi gonis morCilia. goni ukarnaxebs: `mosisxle
stumris gulisTvis ZuZus vin mosWris dedasa?!~ an: `wesi ar aris mtris mokvla, Tu xel
ar masWer daniTa~.
Tavisi simarTle aqvs Tems, Tavisi _ pirovnebas.
cal-calke, TiTqos, orive marTalia: Temi Tavis Seuvalobas, Seuryvnelobas icavs;
pirovneba grZnobs, rom am `dacvisas~ raRac ibzareba, aris raRac auxsneli sisastike Seuvalobis dacvaSi.
da modis tkiviliani, mtanjveli fiqri:
`visac mteroba maswyurdes, gaaRos saxlis karia,
sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTanac Sigve mdgaria.
Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria.
pirjvari daiwerodes, miTam saydarSi aria.
sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria,
daipatiJos stumrebi, daamwkriodis jaria,
sisxlSi daigos logini, gverds daiwvinos calia~...
`mterobis~ Semzarav absurdulobas saocari simZafriT warmoaCens vaJa.
maRlamxedis tkiviliTa da sinanuliT ityvis aluda:
`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT, martoT Cven gvzdian dedani,
Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT kuprSi mielis qSenani...
amis TqmiT vwara-maraobT~...
zviadauris mokvdinebisas aRtkinebuli brbos aRwerisas ityvis vaJa: `sikvdili yvelas
gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hkvlen, cqera gvwadian;
kacni ver hgrZnoben bevrjela, rogor dids codvas sCadian~.
qisti mucali, TiTqos, aludas `alter egoa~ (meore me, oran-oreuli), zviadauri _
joyolasi.
rom ara sakraluri Sexvedra, arc aludas, arc joyolas konfliqti ar eqnebodaT
TemTan, magram ufali bedisweruli gansacdeliT warmoaCens Satilionisa da qistis simaRles, Temisagan aRuqmels.
`Tems rac swadian, mas izams Tavis Temobis wesiTa~.
SatilionTa `Temobis wesi~ mokluli mtris marjvenis qavis kars mikvras brZanebs,
qistebisa _ mtris moklulis saflavze dakvlas.
`vai, egeTsa samarTals, monaTluls codva-braliTao~, sinanuliT ityvis aluda.
Tems ar swadia, gaicnobieros, rom `vaJkacoba ar iyideba fulada~. Satilionni ar anebeben aludas, ufals `axvewos (mucali), ZaRli, ZaRlebis jiSisa~ ; qistebi, Tumc ixiblebian zviadauris udrekobiT, daunaneblad sWrian yels (`Tav-Tavqve Camodiodnen~ _ esec
simboluria!) TiTqos Tavs imarTlebdnen fiqriT: `xom magas ar movuklavdiT mtrebs, avs
rom ar sCadiodnen?~
grZnobdnen:
`kargi vaJkaci yofila, _ yvela allahsa hficavda, _
imitom vefxvebr gvebrZoda, Tavis miwa-wyals icavda.
48

magram `mters mtrulad moeqec~ _ TviTon ufalma brZanao,

is sjobs, rac male vecdebiT, gulSi CavurWoT danao~.
Temi ver maRldeba `giyvardes mteri Seni~-s sinaTlemdis, gansxvavebiT pirovnebisagan.
Temi moikveTs aludas, gawiravs joyolas, magram arc aluda, arc joyola ar ganudgebian,
ar SeiZuleben gamwirvels.
aluda gulSi rodi Caixvevs jagaraSlili berdias mowodebiT gancdil wyena-tkivils
(`samarTali vqnaT, vumtvrioT aludas saxlis direni! nu dainanebT, eqmneniT col-Svilis
amatireni!~), dedasa da col-Svils Temis wyevlas ukrZalavs:
`modiT, momyeviT, vidinoT, RmerTm es gvarguna bedada.
jvars ar awyinoT, Tems nu swyevT~...
joyolac daadasturebs Temisadmi erTgulebas, roca marto Seakvdeba xevsurTa
laSqars. mainc igesleba gaRizianebuli Temi: `exlac masxarad agvigdo, winad xom bevrjel
agvria, soflisa gadra indoma~.
Temi ver (Tu gangeb ar) gznebs maRalTa simaRles. aludas vinaobas xevsurTagan mxolod `Tvalebmowylianebuli~ mindia acnobierebs; joyolasas _ qistTagan _ oden aRaza.
`aluda qeTelauris~ ukanaskneli peizaJi Tovlian-namqeriania, `stumar _maspinZlisa~
_ janRiani. pirvelSi nakvalevi, `Txrili ara Cans kvalisa~... (nuTu amaod iara aludam?!);
meoreSi `ufskruls dascqers pirimze~...
pirimze _ pirovnebasaviT mowyvladi, magram pirovnebasaviT mSvenieri...

`gadarebT mzesTana~
qalTa saxeebi vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi
`vaJas SemoqmedebaSi qali SaravandediT aris mosili,... vaJasTvis qali aRtacebis sagania: `Tqven rom ar gvyvandeT, qalebo, ra iqneboda qveyana?! visac ra unda, isa sTqvas, me
ki gadarebT mzesTana~ (`qalebs~)...
ara mgonia, romelime poets qalis nawnavebi Seedarebinos im sanTlebisaTvis, romelTac qvesknelSi gza unda gaunaTon mamakacs, `SaveTSi kelaptrad mindano~ (`mwyemsis anderZi~) (akaki baqraZe, vaJas mrwamsi).
vaJa-fSavelas poemebSi (`baxtrioni~, `stumar-maspinZeli~, `aluda qeTelauri~) qarTvel (da ara mxolod) qalTa umSvenieresi saxeebia warmoCenili _ sanaTa, lela, aRaza _
`samoTxis yvavilTa~ darni.
`yvelaze maRali dedaa sanaTa, balaxis Reri~ (l. gulisaSvili).
fSavelTa salocavSi, xatis dReobaze
`martos aunTav sanTlebi da xatic udidebia,
martos dauklav saklavi, TviTonve utyavebia,
martod-martokas diacsa xat-RmerTi uxsenebia~.
vaJa Tavadve ikiTxavs, `sajares diacs ra undao~.
sanaTa afxuSouri im `goris~ qalia, vaJa-fSavelas didi Tanamosagre, ilia, `dedakacad~ rom uxmobs: `sityva `qali~ gana imodens gvetyvis, rasac gveubneba didebuli sityva
`deda~ da masTan erTad `kaci~? sad qaloba da sad dedakacoba! qali Sesanaxia da ara Semnaxveli, bargia da ara Wirnaxuli, pepelaa da ara futkari... qali ufar-uxmlo dedakacia,
dedakaci farxmliani qalia. vai, rom dedakacni wavidnen, aRar gvyvanan da marto qalebiRa
dagvrCnen... aq aris, sxvaTa Soris, saTave Cvenis ubedurebisa~ (`patara saubari~).
dadardianebuli sanaTa, `beri diaci~ emduris xoSarelTa bedisweras, xats Sestiris:
49

`srul Cven rada varT tanjvaSi,

kvnesa rad ismis CveniTa?
rodemdis unda vstirodeT, miwa vasveloT cremliTa,
an miwa rad ara ZReba damdnaris gulis wveniTa?!~
wuxs sanaTa, rom fSav-xevsureTs mcvelni gaswydomia. joxs dayrdnobili, xanxaliT
moaruli, kviria maTurels uambobs Tavis gasaWirs: xoSarisgori fSavel-xevsurTa ZvlebiT gasuqebula, TaTrebs aukliaT mTa, mamris saxsenebeli gauqriaT. daxocilTa datirebaRa darCeniaT qalebs.
afxuSodan xoSars gamoTxovili qali yofiliyo sanaTa, beriZis qvrivi. urjulo TaTrebs erT dRes Sehkvdomoda misi Svidi Svili, meuRle. xoSarisgorze gaeWra saflavebi
qals, or kviras eTxara samareebi. tiris sanaTa:
`rad gvinda dedebs Svilebi, raze vswvaldebiT netavi?
gahzdi, galaRebs vaJkaci, lamazi, goris mdrekavi;
galaRebs, magram tyuilad, dRes mrTeli, xvale mkvdaria,
mova, waiRebs uecrad sisxlisa niavRvaria~.
sanaTa mamris saqmes ikisrebs. uwyis, rom es adaTis darRvevaa, magram sjera:
`ukacurT kacoba gvmarTebs, manam suli gvCrav pirSia,
xatic Sagvindobs codvasa, ro gvnaxavs gasaWirSia~.
rogor bednierdeba sanaTa, rodesac Seityobs, rom `erTs pirzed damdgari~ TuSfSavel-xevsurni kaxeTis saxsnelad apireben galaSqrebas. gaxarebuli etyvis kvirias:
`egeb, inebos batonma (xatma), gagmarjvebiyosT mterzeda,
Tu amas gavigonebdi, ar vitirebdi mkvdrebzeda;
imav dRes, Svilo, dedilam, Wrels Cavicomdi kabasa,~
aRarc vitirebdio Svilebs: juRuras, sabas, ivanes... `Tu amamyridiT mtris javrsa,
SvilT arc ki movigonebdi~, kardakar vivli, yvelas SevTxov, gamovides urjuloebTan
sabrZolvelad, TiToeul ojaxs Sevemudarebi; `me Tu rva suli Sevwire, TiTos ver gaimetebeno~.
laSaris jvars Seavedra sanaTam TuS-fSavel-xevsurni:
`CauZveR, laSarelao, tanze Saibi xmalia,
gviWirs da gamogvayene Seumusravi Zalia!~
mxneobasa da gamZleobas rwmena aniWebs sanaTas. namgzavr-natanj kvirias qada-purebs
miscems da gzas daulocavs imediani.
sanaTasnair dedebs eZRvneba vaJas ulamazesi striqoni: `lamazad Svilis aRmzrdeli deda micvnia RmerTada~ (`saaxalwlod~) (vaJa-fSavela, Txz. 2 tomad, t. I, Tb., 1979,
gv. 230).
sanaTasave `gorisaa~ `baxtrionis~ umSvenieresi personaJi, lela baCleli.
amxedrebuli, mamisaTvis moparuli SubiT SeiaraRebuli gamoecxadeba igi fSavel-xevsurTa laSqars, samoTxis yvaviliviT mSvenieri, xorcSesxmuli siyvarulis dari. jer
moCveneba egona spas, sanam sulisSemZrav monaTxrobs moismenda: baCleli SanSes asuls
didi ubedureba dastydomoda Tavs _ TaTrebs Zmebi daexocnaT misTvis, deda SeepyroT,
baxtrions gamoeketaT; daWrili mama logins hyavda mijaWvuli.
Seemudareba laSqars, qalobiT nu damiwunebT, xmlis qneviT ver gagakvirvebT, magram
ukan ar davixevo: `TaTrebTan omi mwadian, minda, ro javri viyaro, bevrs sam (ram) avs saqmes
50

sCadian, _ ikleben saqarTvelosa, bumberazobiT (variantiT _ bumbarezobiT) dadian~.

sumelji daamSvidebs, Cvenac veyofiT TaTrebsao.
wuxs lela, avi sizmrebiT gatanjuli: Turme kupriviT Savi kaci stumrobs zmanebaSi,
ZmaTa sisxlian mklavebs uwyobs RreWiT win; mere mzisferi diaci ecxadeba da SurisZiebisaken mouwodebs gawvalebuls.
ganacrebuli, gulCaTuTquli, atirebuli, laSqars gaecala qali, `Reles Cavida mwuxare vardi, vardis wyliT nabani~.
kvirias gegmas dasTanxmdeba, yeenisaTvis feSqaSad naboZeb qalad gaasaRebs Tavs,
`oRomc daabas Cvenm jarma TaTrebi viris bagaze~. baxtrionis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli dedis kalTaze sikvdili enatreba.
saxeliani kvdeba lela baCleli, `qali xel-farteniani~, kviria maTurelTan erTad
baxtrionis cixis kari rom gauRo TuS-fSavel-xevsurT da sparselebma akafes. TanamoZmeebma Tavganwiruli ymawvili qalis cxedari mTas waasvenes _ `mZimea Tavis qveyana, Tavis
wyal-Wala Zliera, miwac tkbilia mSobluri, guls rom eyreba fxviera~.
Tuki sanaTa da lela qarTveli qalebi arian, `stumar-maspinZlis~ ulamazesi personaJi, aRaza, qistia, jaregeli joyola alxastaisZis meuRle, qmariviT didbunebovani,
maRali sulisa.
joyolas ojaxSi misulT, stumarsa da meuRles gamoegebeba `qali lamazi, Savis tansacmliT mosili, rogorac alya tanada, varskvlavi cidan moclili~. mSvidobiT mosvlas
usurvebs zviadaurs, abjars CamoarTmevs, SeipatiJebs.
saocari gancda eufleba ulamazes, unatifes qals, rodesac zviadauris Sewirvis sazar suraTs umzers qistTa sasaflaoze. igznebs, rom vaJkacis `guli ver mohkla mtris
xelma, guli guladve rCeboda~.
sazareli scenis mzirali
`diaci bndeboda, cremlebs hmalavda lamazi, xalxze ukana dgeboda.
miSvelebasa hlamobda: `nu hklavT!~ _ eZaxis gulio.
fiqrobda brazmoreuli: `netavi momca culio,
netavi, nebas maZlevdes dedakacobis rjulio,
rom eg vacocxlo, sxvas yvelas gavafTxobino sulio~.
Sehnatroda zviadauris Tanamecxedres...
upatronod migdebul mkvdars uWirisufla lamis Tavadac gonmixdilma, RamiT, rodesac `sinaTles suli amohxda~. didxans dastiroda zviadaurs, Sublsa da mkerdze wyals
isxamda, suls ibrunebda.
`tiroda, magram tirili ar iyo, exaTreboda:
erT mxriv xaTri aqvs Temisa, meoriT _ RmerTi aSinebs _
qisteTis mtrisa mozares Tavs risxvas gadmoadinebs.
es fiqri gonebisaa, guli Tavisas Svreboda,
kacis kacurad sikvdili gulidan ara hqreboda~.
aZrwunebda fiqri, `vis coli vis qmarsa stiriso~. laslasiT wamovida Sinisaken, wamosvlisas Tma aaWra micvalebuls, `brolis TiTebiT TliliTa~ gamohxvia CiqilaSi.
sindisi awuxebs, TiTqos, gaorebulia, SeZrwunebulia. eCveneba, TiTqos mkvdrebi
saflavTagan amosZaxian, maRali RmerTi grisxavdeso.
bunebis pirquSobac, landTa rialic aZrwunebs: `aCqarebuli Rrublebi cis pirze gadmodiodnen~. mTis `balaxni, qvani, qviSani~ TiTqos wyevla-krulvas uTvlian. mkvdari Zmac,
ebaric, nawyenia, `magiT mimtkiceb dobasao~...
ZaRls, ymis leSis sajijgnad dageSils, qviT daafrTxobs. gulamovardnili, SeZrwunebuli mivardeba Sin. saxegamtknarebuls hkiTxavs joyola, xom arvin moiwadina, gadaegore
mklavzeo. Sors daiWira qalma:
51

`vin gamibedavs magasa, rad minda leCaq-kabani?!~

icrua, cxens veZebdi xevebSi, devebma damaSineso. ver daarwmuna qmari namtiralevma da
gamoutyda nazi, mTrTolare xmiT:
`cremlebi Semiwiria im Senis megobrisada.
Zlier Sembralda beCavi, rom ucxoeTSi kvdeboda,
arc naTesavi, arc moZme, rom visme Sehbraleboda!...
iqneb, Senc gcode, RmerTsaca, magram vitire, ra vqnao!~
Rirseul qals qmarmac Rirseuli pasuxi gasca:
`itire?! madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?
diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis kargisa~.
joyolas daRupvis Semdeg `sxivmixdili varskvlavis sadarma~ qalma sikvdili arCia,
morevSi Caiqca,
`qisteTSi Cemi erTguli kenWic ki arsad aria...
me ufro didi codva maqvs, ucxosTvis cremli vRvaria...
waiRo wyalma aRaza, lamsa da qviSas Sahria~.
umSvenieresi qalis aCrdili zvavisgan nagal goraze joyolasa da zviadauris landebs
maspinZlobs, jixvis mwvadebiT umaspinZldeba.
`vaJkacobisas amboben, erTurTis dandobisasa,
stumar-maspinZlis weszeda cnobis da daZmobisasa~.
aRaza im pirimzesaviT mSvenieria, ufskruls rom `dascqers moRerebulis yeliTa~.
`aluda qeTelauris~ personaJia deda aludasi, poemis finalSi rom warmoCndeba. SemZravia mwyromare diacis godeba, diacisa, saxl-kars samudamod rom gamosTxovebia da,
damzrali, gaukvalav gzas adgas:
`vahme, ra ugzod davdivarT, vahme, rogora bnelao!
netav, ar dasWirdebaa xevsurTa Seni Svelao?! (mimarTavs aludas)
vis-ra wyal-Wala gvistumrebs, sad ra-ra davileviTa?
ubino-usaxkaroni sxvakanac daviwyeviTa...
Tavis miwa-wylis gawirva Zneli yofila metada,
momakvdavs davferebivar, goni gamxdia retada.
muxleb ar mamdevs, gulSia bneli Camidga svetada~.
da mainc, vaJas poemaTa personaJ qalebs naTeli svetad CasdgomiaT gulSi.
isini Rirseul mamakacTa Rirseuli dedebi, debi, meuRleebi arian, suliTa da sxeuliT lamazni, `samoTxis yvaviliviT~ mSvenierni da mowyvladni...

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