Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 9

AutoNext

(A UNIT OF ENGINEERS HERITAGE TRUST)

STUDY MATERIAL
COOLING SYSTEM

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Page no. 2

STUDY MATERIAL -1
COOLING SYSTEM
INDEX

SL. NO.

CONTENT

PAGE NO

1.

COOLING SYSTEM

2.

TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEM

3.

METHODS OF WATER COOLING

4.

THERMO-SYPHON SYSTEM

5.

PUMP CIRCULATION SYSTEM

6.

COMPONENTS USED IN THE PUMP CIRCULATING SYSTEM 5

7.

PRESSURE AND VACUUM VALVE

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Page no. 3

COOLING SYSTEM:
The temperature developed
within the cylinder during the
period of combustion is very
high. A large amount of heat
is absorbed by cylinder walls,
cylinder head, piston and
valves. If the absorbed heat is
not dissipated, the surfaces
of the combustion chamber
will be very hot, thus will
result in pre ignition, loss of power and rough running. So, a cooling
system is designed to keep the engine temperature within the
working temperature specified by the manufacturers.
Functions

To maintain the combustion temperature


To minimize the cylinder head temperature
To maintain the clearance of Components
To Increase the volumetric efficiency
To reduce the chances of pre-ignition and knocking

Types of cooling System:

Air Cooling
Liquid / Water Cooling

Air Cooling:
This type of cooling is generally used
in engines fitted on motorcycles,
scooters, three wheelers etc.

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Page no. 4

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Air cooled engines are provided with fins or ribs on the outer surface
of cylinders and cylinder heads. These fins helps to increase the
amount of radiation surface presented to air stream, results in better
cooling.

Liquid/water cooling:
In this type of cooling, water or coolant is made to circulate around
the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The necessary coolant or
liquid is stored in a device known as radiator. The coolant circulates
through a large number of very small sectioned tubes in the radiator
and the same coolant circulates through the water jackets around
the cylinder barrel and the combustion head. A cooling fan is
provided to supply a steady stream of air which is to pass over the
outer surface of the radiator tubes so as to carry away the excess
heat. The amount of heat dissipated varies due to the following
factors.
a) Wind velocity
b) Air density
c) Water and air temperature
d) Design of radiator
e) Conductivity of metal used

Methods of Water cooling:


Thermo-syphon System
Pump Circulation System
Impeller assisted
Thermo-Syphon System
This system works on the principle that the hot water being lighter,
rises up and cold water being heavier, falls down. It depends upon

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Page no. 5

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

gravity to circulate water or liquid in the system. In this type of


system, radiator is kept above the bottom level of water jacket. This
system contains no water pump for water to circulate. The efficiency
of this system is low so that nowadays this system is not used.
Pump Circulation System:

The pump or forced circulation system resembles very much in


construction with the thermo-syphon system. This system uses a
centrifugal pump to circulate water with pressure and this system is
being used today.
Components used in the pump circulating system:
Radiator
Radiator pressure cap
Expansion tank
Cooling Fan
Water pump
Thermostat valve
Hoses
Temperature gauge or Indicator

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Page no. 6

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Radiator
A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is
designed to transfer heat from the hot
coolant that flows through it to the air by
the fan and the incoming rushing air.
The radiator consists of upper tank and
lower tank both are connected by core. In
order to provide quick dissipation of heat
radiator is usually made of copper or
brass. Nowadays aluminum radiators are
also available.
Types of Radiators;
a) Down Flow type
Water flows from top tank to bottom tank
in a downward direction.

b) Cross Flow type


Water flows from left to right across the
radiator.

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Page no. 7

Radiator Pressure Cap:

radiator pressure cap increases the


boiling point of coolant by not allowing
the pressure to escape. It increases the
boiling point of water in accordance with
the pressure at which the cooling system
is pressurized. That is, more the pressure
more the boiling point.
The advantages of using the radiator pressure cap are:

Use of smaller radiator


Lesser Refilling frequency
Circulation of water under pressure thus avoiding sludge formation.
Smaller radiator helps in streamlining of the car

Expansion Tank
The expansion tank is located within the
engine compartment. It ensures a sufficient
supply of coolant in the system and allows
for expansions of the coolant as the
temperature rises.

Cooling Fan
Generally the cooling fans are driven by the engine crank shaft
through a belt. However the new generation vehicles uses the
cooling fan which is electrically operated or through a viscous
coupling. Electrically operated fan is controlled by a thermostatic
By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Page no. 8

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

switch. So that it helps the engine to attain its working temperature


at the earliest.
Front-wheel drive cars have electric fans
fitted because the engine is usually
mounted transversely. These fans are
controlled either with a thermostatic switch
or by the engine control unit (E.C.U). They
turn on when the temperature of the
coolant goes above the preset temperature.
Rear-wheel drive cars with longitudinal engines usually have enginedriven cooling fans. These fans have a thermostatically controlled
viscous clutch. This clutch is positioned at the hub of the fan.
Water Pump
The water pump is a simple
centrifugal pump driven by a Vbelt or toothed belt connected to
the crankshaft of the engine. The
pump
circulates
the
fluid
whenever the engine is running.

This pump functions on the principle of the centrifugal force. It has


an inlet at the center and an outlet at the circumference of the pump
casing. Inside the casing a disc is fitted which has curved vanes
across the centre of the disc (impeller). The front end of the shaft is
fitted with a pulley and a fan. When the engine is started, the spindle
rotates so that the impeller also rotates, the water is drawn from the
centre and is thrown out through the outlet by the centrifugal force.

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Page no. 9

Study Material- 2 [Cooling System]

Thermostat
A thermostat is fitted in the vehicle to allow the engine to heat up
quickly, so as to bring the engine to its working temperature and
then to maintain the engine at a constant temperature. It regulates
the amount of water that goes to the radiator. At low temperature,
the outlet to the radiator is completely closed by the thermostat and
allows the coolant to re-circulate through the engine. Nowadays all
the vehicles are fitted with wax-pellet type thermostat.

OPEN AND CLOSED POSITIONS OF THERMOSTAT


Pressure and Vacuum valve
When the fluid in the cooling system heats up, it expands, causing
the pressure to build up in the system and also when the liquid
cools down it causes vacuum inside the system. To relieve the
excess pressure and to fill the vacuum the radiator pressure cap is
provided with a pressure valve and a vacuum valve.
When the pressure reaches beyond the set value it pushes the
pressure valve to open thus allowing the coolant to escape from the
cooling system. The excess coolant flows through the overflow tube
and to the expansion tank. When the system cools down, the
volume of the water is reduced. Thus creates a vacuum in the
cooling system that pulls to open the vacuum valve. So that, the
coolant from the expansion tank can flow back to the radiator and
to nullify the vacuum.

By - AUTO-NEXT

Website: www.groupautonext.com

Вам также может понравиться