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STUDY MATERIAL
COOLING SYSTEM
Page no. 2
STUDY MATERIAL -1
COOLING SYSTEM
INDEX
SL. NO.
CONTENT
PAGE NO
1.
COOLING SYSTEM
2.
3.
4.
THERMO-SYPHON SYSTEM
5.
6.
7.
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Page no. 3
COOLING SYSTEM:
The temperature developed
within the cylinder during the
period of combustion is very
high. A large amount of heat
is absorbed by cylinder walls,
cylinder head, piston and
valves. If the absorbed heat is
not dissipated, the surfaces
of the combustion chamber
will be very hot, thus will
result in pre ignition, loss of power and rough running. So, a cooling
system is designed to keep the engine temperature within the
working temperature specified by the manufacturers.
Functions
Air Cooling
Liquid / Water Cooling
Air Cooling:
This type of cooling is generally used
in engines fitted on motorcycles,
scooters, three wheelers etc.
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Air cooled engines are provided with fins or ribs on the outer surface
of cylinders and cylinder heads. These fins helps to increase the
amount of radiation surface presented to air stream, results in better
cooling.
Liquid/water cooling:
In this type of cooling, water or coolant is made to circulate around
the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The necessary coolant or
liquid is stored in a device known as radiator. The coolant circulates
through a large number of very small sectioned tubes in the radiator
and the same coolant circulates through the water jackets around
the cylinder barrel and the combustion head. A cooling fan is
provided to supply a steady stream of air which is to pass over the
outer surface of the radiator tubes so as to carry away the excess
heat. The amount of heat dissipated varies due to the following
factors.
a) Wind velocity
b) Air density
c) Water and air temperature
d) Design of radiator
e) Conductivity of metal used
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Page no. 5
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Page no. 6
Radiator
A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is
designed to transfer heat from the hot
coolant that flows through it to the air by
the fan and the incoming rushing air.
The radiator consists of upper tank and
lower tank both are connected by core. In
order to provide quick dissipation of heat
radiator is usually made of copper or
brass. Nowadays aluminum radiators are
also available.
Types of Radiators;
a) Down Flow type
Water flows from top tank to bottom tank
in a downward direction.
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Expansion Tank
The expansion tank is located within the
engine compartment. It ensures a sufficient
supply of coolant in the system and allows
for expansions of the coolant as the
temperature rises.
Cooling Fan
Generally the cooling fans are driven by the engine crank shaft
through a belt. However the new generation vehicles uses the
cooling fan which is electrically operated or through a viscous
coupling. Electrically operated fan is controlled by a thermostatic
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Page no. 8
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Page no. 9
Thermostat
A thermostat is fitted in the vehicle to allow the engine to heat up
quickly, so as to bring the engine to its working temperature and
then to maintain the engine at a constant temperature. It regulates
the amount of water that goes to the radiator. At low temperature,
the outlet to the radiator is completely closed by the thermostat and
allows the coolant to re-circulate through the engine. Nowadays all
the vehicles are fitted with wax-pellet type thermostat.
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