Shell Eco-Marathon: Official Rules 2012

Shell Eco-marathon
Official Rules 2012
CHAPTER I
FOREWORD
Dear Shell Eco-marathon Competitors, Friends and Enthusiasts

The2011seasonsawtheresoundingsuccessofournewemobilitycategory,inparticular
theBatteryElectricclass(previouslycalledPlugInBatteryclass).Iwasimpressedbythe
immediate high level of interest in this technology by our competitors and the results
achieved. In line with our long standing tradition of keeping the Shell Ecomarathon
competition challenging and relevant to current automotive and energy trends we will
keepbuildingonthissuccessintheyearstocome.
For example, from 2013 the Official Rules will encourage the integration of a PV
(photovoltaic) element in the body of Battery Electric vehicles. This will not only allow
competitorstoincreasetheirenergyefficiencybyutilisingsolarenergybutitwillalsomake
theentirecompetitionweatherindependentandallowforafaircomparisonofallBattery
Electricvehiclesbasedontheiroverallvehiclesefficiency.
Aswerealisethatchangeslikethistaketimetoimplementandmayimpactmanyteams
technology strategy, we will continue with two separate energy classes in 2012 (Battery
ElectricandSolar)beforemovingtotheaforementionedcombinedSolarBatteryElectric
classin2013.
Based on the positive experience from the move of the Shell Ecomarathon Americas to
Downtown Houston, Texas, we will also continued the Urbanisation of the Shell Eco
marathon with the move of the European event to the city streets of Rotterdam,
Netherlands. This offers a new and exciting challenge to all teams, as individual driving
skillsandstrategywillbecomemoresignificant,reflectinganotheroneoftodaysmobility
challenges.
I strongly encourage all our competitors to read these Official Rules thoroughly and
completely,especiallythisyear,aswehavecompletelyreviewedthestructureoftheRules
inordertoincreaseclarityandavoidduplication.Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadeto
highlightsignificantchangestolastyearsRulesinBlue,toomanyregulationsaresimply
overlooked,causingdisappointmentduringtheevents.
IwishyouasafeandsuccessfulShellEcomarathonseason2012.
Norman Koch
GlobalTechnicalManager
Shell Eco-marathon
Official Rules 2012 Chapter I
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1ORGANISATION............................................................................................................5
Article1: Acceptance......................................................................................................5
Article2: Entries..............................................................................................................5
Article3: TrackAccessConditions..................................................................................5
Article4: Identification...................................................................................................6
Article5: Compliance......................................................................................................6
Article6: Protests............................................................................................................7
Article7: Disputes...........................................................................................................7
Article8: Penalties..........................................................................................................7
2SAFETY.........................................................................................................................8
Article9: SafetyRules.....................................................................................................8
DrivingRules....................................................................................................................8
Article10:
DrivingKnowledgeandTest........................................................................8
Article11:
DrivingundertheInfluenceofAlcohol/IllegalSubstances.......................8
Article12:
Briefing........................................................................................................9
Article13:
AccesstotheTrackandTestLap................................................................9
Article14:
PushingtheVehicle.....................................................................................9
Article15:
CompetitionDirection.................................................................................9
Article16:
RadioCommunication.................................................................................9
Article17:
Overtaking...................................................................................................9
Article18:
BreakdownsandOtherIncidents..............................................................10
Article19:
Offtrackvehiclemovements....................................................................10
Driver&Equipment........................................................................................................10
Article20:
DriverWeight............................................................................................10
Article21:
Helmets......................................................................................................11
Article22:
DriverClothing...........................................................................................11
Article23:
DriverComfort...........................................................................................11
TeamSafetyEquipment..................................................................................................11
Article24:
EquipmentandMaterials..........................................................................11
Attention........................................................................................................................12
3VEHICLEDESIGN..........................................................................................................13
3AGeneral....................................................................................................................13
Article25:
VehicleDesign...........................................................................................13
Article26:
Chassis/MonocoqueSolidity...................................................................13
Article27:
PropulsionandEnergyStorageSystemIsolation......................................14
Article28:
Visibility.....................................................................................................14
Article29:
SafetyBelts................................................................................................15
Article30:
VehicleAccess...........................................................................................15
Article31:
Horn...........................................................................................................15
Article32:
OnboardFireExtinguisher........................................................................16
Article33:
DriverPosition...........................................................................................16
Article34:
ClutchandTransmission............................................................................16
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Article35:
Article36:
Article37:
Article38:
ExhaustSystem..........................................................................................16
SoundLevel................................................................................................17
EmergencyShutdown..............................................................................17
AdditionalInspections...............................................................................17
3BPrototypeGroup......................................................................................................17
Article39:
Dimensions................................................................................................17
Article40:
CockpitVentilation..................................................................................18
Article41:
Wheels,AxlesandWheelHubs.................................................................18
Article42:
TurningRadiusandSteering......................................................................18
Article43:
Braking.......................................................................................................18
3CUrbanConceptGroup................................................................................................19
Article44:
Definition...................................................................................................19
Article45:
Dimensions................................................................................................19
Article46:
VehicleBody..............................................................................................19
Article47:
TurningRadiusandSteering......................................................................20
Article48:
Wheels.......................................................................................................20
Article49:
Tyres..........................................................................................................21
Article50:
Lighting......................................................................................................21
Article51:
Braking.......................................................................................................21
Article52:
WetWeatherRunning...............................................................................21
4ENERGYSOURCES........................................................................................................23
4AGeneral....................................................................................................................23
Article53:
EnergyTypes..............................................................................................23
Article54:
ResultsCalculations...................................................................................23
Article55:
FuelsSupply&Handling............................................................................24
Article56:
EngineLubricants......................................................................................25
Article57:
VehicleElectricalSystems.........................................................................25
Article58:
TechnicalDocumentation.........................................................................26
4BInternalCombustionEngines....................................................................................27
Article59:
Propulsion..................................................................................................27
Article60:
Otheronboardenergysources................................................................28
Article61:
FuelTanks(withtheexceptionofHydrogen)...........................................28
Article62:
FuelSystem................................................................................................29
Article63:
Vehiclesusinghybridtechnology..............................................................30
Article64:
Starter........................................................................................................30
4CElectricPropulsion....................................................................................................31
Article65:
FuelCellPoweredVehicles........................................................................31
Article66:
SolarPoweredVehicles.............................................................................34
Article67:
BatteryElectricVehicles............................................................................35
AttentionRuleChangesin2013and2014....................................................................36
Shell Eco-marathon
1- ORGANISATION
Article1:
Acceptance
a) The entry forms must be sent completed, with all necessary documents, to the
Organisers who will accept Teams based on the quality of the proposed entry
packet.AlldecisionsbytheOrganisersregardingtheacceptanceofTeamsarefinal.
b) By fact of theirentry,participants accept all the provisions of the present Official
Rules and agree to abide by all decisions made by the Shell Ecomarathon
Organisers.TheOrganisersreservetherighttomodify,deleteoraddanyarticleof
the present Official Rules. In such an event, the Teams will be notified. The
Organisers are solely empowered to pronounce on cases not provided for in the
presentOfficialRules.
c) TheOrganisersreservetherighttomodify,delayorevencancelthecompetitionin
theeventofunforeseencircumstances,notablyrain,highwindsorexcessiveheat.
Noclaimsforcompensationwillbeaccepted.
d) By entering the Shell Ecomarathon, all participants recognise the right of the
Organisers,Shell,andmoregenerallythecompaniesoftheShellGrouptousetheir
imagesforpublicityorotherpromotionalmaterial.
Article2:
Entries
a) Foreachentry,aTeamManager,aDriverandaReserveDrivermustbedesignated.
b) TheTeamManagercanonlyberesponsibleforonevehicle.He/shemayalsobea
Driverforthatvehicle,butonlyforthatvehicle.
c) The Team Manager is the Team's sole official liaison with the Organisers. All
informationwillbeaddressedtohim/her.Forthepurposesoftheproject,he/she
willberesponsiblefortheTeam,mustspeakonbehalfoftheTeamandmustbe
abletounderstandandspeakEnglish.
d) TheeligibilitycriteriaforDriversaredetailedintherelevantsectionofChapterII.
The Driver for one vehicle cannot be the Driver or Reserve Driver for another
vehicle.
e) A Reserve Driver may be assigned to two vehicles. However, once he/she has
driven one of those vehicles (during practice or in competition), he/she may no
longerdrivetheothervehicle.
f) Each interested Team must apply to compete in the regional Shell Ecomarathon
eventclosesttotheirhomecountry.TheattendanceatanotherShellEcomarathon
event outside its home region is subject to decision of the relevant regional
organisingcommittee.
Article3:
TrackAccessConditions
TrackAccessConditions
Duringboththepracticerunsandthecompetition,allvehiclesmustcomplywiththe
technicalandsafetyrulesoftheevent.Wheneverthetrackisentered,thevehiclebody
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must be in place and bear all the competition numbers, partner streamers and Shell
logos required by the Official Rules. Organisers will supply these numbers and logos
uponentryconfirmation.
Article4:
Identification
a) Logos,officialpartnerstreamersandracingnumbersmustbefixedtothevehicle
bodyinaccordancewiththediagramprovided(seeChapterII)suchthattheycan
be clearly read during any public presentation, in promotional films and on all
photographsforteamuse,schooluse,pressorpromotionalmaterial.
b) Under no circumstances may the Shell logos, the partner streamers or racing
numbers be modified, either on the vehicle or on any other documentation. It is
prohibited to cut the stickerssupplied by the Organisers. Their dimensions areas
follow:
i) Foreachsideandforthefrontofthevehicle:aShelllogo,20x20cm.
ii) Foreachsideandforthefrontofthevehicle:racingnumbers(stickers),witha
differentcolourforeachenergyclass,20x26cm.
iii) Foreachside,onthelowerpartofthebody:apartnerstreamer,90x6cm.
c) Amandatory10cmspacemustbeleftfreeonallfoursidesoftheShelllogo
d) Anyothersponsornames/logosmustbesmallerthantheShelllogo.Thesponsor
stickersmustfitwithinasurfaceof400cm(emptyspaceincluded)
e) Intheeventofabreachofthisrule,theOrganisersreservetherighttoremoveany
sponsorlogos.
f) Furthermore, the trademarks or logos of other energy companies, direct
competitors of event partners, tobacco companies and alcoholic drinks producers
areprohibited.
g) AllvehiclesaresubjecttotheOrganisersapprovalconcerningtheseprovisions.
Article5:
Compliance
a) Only those vehicles that comply with the present Official Rules are allowed to
participate.Novehiclewillbeallowedonthetrackforpracticeorcompetitionuntil
the Organisers have approved it. The decisions of the Organisers are final in all
matters concerning the compliance of vehicle design and construction with the
presentOfficialRules.
b) TheOrganisersreservetherighttorescindvehicleapprovaluponfurtherormore
detailed checks. The Organisers must be notified of any modifications to the
vehicle after inspection. Noncompliance with this rule will lead to vehicle
disqualification.
c) Vehicles complying with all safety rules but not with some of the other technical
ruleswillnotqualifyforthecompetition,howevermaybeallowedonthetrackfor
practiceordemonstration.
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Article6:
Protests
TheTeamManageristheonlypersonauthorisedtolodgeprotests.Protestsmustbe
broughttotheattentionoftheTechnicalManagerviatheresultsdesk.Dependingon
thenatureprotestsmustbelodgedwithinthefollowingtimes:
a) Vehicles:beforetrackclosureonthecurrentday
b) TeamandDriverbehaviour:within30minutesfollowingtheendoftheattempt.
c) Results:within1houraftertheresultofanattempthasbeenposted.
Article7:
Disputes
Intheeventofanydisputes,alldecisionsmadebytheRaceDirectorarebindingand
final.
Article8:
Penalties
a) Noncompliancewiththedrivingruleswillresultinaformalwarning,invalidationof
thebestoverallattemptordisqualificationoftheTeam,dependingontheseverity
ofthebreach.
b) TheOrganiserswillexclude,disqualifyorotherwisepenaliseanycompetitorwho,
inthejudgementoftheRaceDirector,hasgainedanunfairadvantageasaresultof
anybreachoftheseOfficialRules,hindranceofotherparticipants,departurefrom
thenormalcourse,oranyactoromissioncapableofmisrepresentingperformance,
especiallywithregardtofuelconsumptionormethodofpropulsion.
c) During the competition, the Driver or the Team Manager must report to the
Organisers any movement made or attempted by means other than the vehicles
ownmotivepower.Insuchanevent,theattemptinquestionwillnotbetakeninto
account. If this type of incident is not reported, all the Teams attempts will be
invalidated.
d) TheOrganiserswillapplythefollowingpenalties:
1stinfraction:
Formalwarning
2ndinfraction:
Bestoverallattemptinvalidatedattheendofthecompetition
3rdinfraction:
ImmediateTeamdisqualification.
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2- SAFETY
Article9:
SafetyRules
a) As with any Motorsport activity there should be an understanding that certain

inherent risks will be present. Recognising and controlling these risks are vital for
thewellbeingofpeopleandlocalsurroundings.Safetyisanessentialconsideration
fortheeventOrganisers.TheseRulesaretoprotectallindividualsandsurrounding
areas and are in no way intended to curtail the spirit of the competition. Any
activity deemed unsafe or outside of the spirit of the event will be met with
appropriateactionbytheeventOrganisers.
b) Therefore, compliance with safe driving and sporting rules, as well as any
instructionsgivenbyTrackMarshalsismandatoryforeveryone.AllTeammembers
must comply with the safety measures and must notify Organisers about any
anomalies or incidents. In the event that dangerous conditions are present leave
the area immediately. During the event the Pit areas will be monitored by the
OrganiserstoassistTeamstocomplywithsafepractices.
c) TheRaceDirectorisresponsibleforandhasthefinalauthorityindeterminingthe
safeconditionsfortrackoperationsinregardstoweather.
d) NoncompliancewithanyoftheOfficialRulesmayleadtodisqualificationfromthe
competitionatthesoleandabsolutediscretionoftheOrganisers.
Driving Rules
Article10: DrivingKnowledgeandTest
a) Only the registered Driver and the Reserve Driver will be authorised to drive the
vehicle.
b) Duringvehicleinspection,Driversmaybequestionedtotesttheirknowledgeofthe
drivingregulations.TheOrganisersreservetherighttodenytrackaccesstoadriver
withinsufficientknowledgeoftheOfficialRules.
c) Drivingontrack:IntheinterestofsafetyitisimportantthatDriverslearnandapply
smooth and predictable driving techniques, e.g. thinking well ahead, avoiding
sudden directional changes, and being fully aware of other competitors around
them.
Article11: DrivingundertheInfluenceofAlcohol/IllegalSubstances
a) Drivingundertheinfluenceofanyalcoholandorillegalsubstance(s)isforbidden.
ThisappliestoallDriversandReserveDriversenteringthetrack.
b) ProceduresforalcoholorsubstancetestingaredetailedinChapterII.
c) Any breach will be penalized in line with Article 8: and the following additional
penalties:
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i) Anyalcoholand/orsubstancerelatedbreachoftheruleswillbetreatedat
leastas2ndinfractionoftheTeam,evenifnopriorviolationhasoccurred.
ii) Inaddition,theaffectedDriverisimmediatelybannedfromaccesstothetrack
aslongashe/sheisundertheInfluence.TheReserveDrivermaysubstitute
theDriverifhe/sheiseligibletodrive.
iii) Anysecondalcoholand/orsubstancerelatedinfractionwillleadtothe
immediatedisqualificationoftheentireTeam.
Article12: Briefing
The attendance of any briefing sessions by the Organiser is mandatory for Team
ManagersandDrivers.PleaserefertoChapterIIforfurtherdetailsonthesebriefings.
Scheduledbriefingswillbepostedatthetrack.
Article13: AccesstotheTrackandTestLap
a) Vehiclesmustpassasafetyinspectionpriortoaccessingthetrackforpracticeruns.
Asafetystickerwillbeclearlyaffixedoncethevehiclehaspassedtheinspection.
b) Forpracticeruns,onlyvehicleswithasafetystickerwillbeallowedonthetrack.
c) Forthecompetition,onlyvehicleswithsafetyandtechnicalinspectionstickerswill
beallowedtocompete.
d) TheOrganiserswillallowopportunityforTeamManagersandDriverstoinspectthe
track, i.e. before any vehicles are allowed on the track. For further details please
refertoChapterII.
Article14: PushingtheVehicle
At no time on the race track, drivers are allowed to push their vehicle or have it
pushed,includingtostarttherunortocrossthefinishline
Article15: CompetitionDirection
Itisforbiddentodriveinreversegearortodriveagainsttheracedirection.
Article16: RadioCommunication
Theuseofhandheldcommunicationsisforbiddeninthevehicle.However,theuseof
ahandsfreekitisallowedaslongasbothhandsofthedriverremainonthesteering
system.
Article17: Overtaking
Driversarerequiredtogiveclearpassageforothercompetitorswishingtoovertake.
a) TheDriverintheovertakingvehiclemustsoundtheirhornandpasswithcaution.
Attention:TheDriveroftheovertakingvehicleisresponsibleforthesafetyofthe
manoeuvre.
b) The Driver of the vehicle being overtaken will use his/her rear and sideview
mirrorsandmustnotchangecoursesuddenly.
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c) Onthetrack,overtakingisauthorisedonboththerightandtheleft,aslongasthe
abovementionedsafetyrulesarefollowed
Article18: BreakdownsandOtherIncidents
a) Intentional stopping on the track is forbidden unless it is required by the
competition,e.g.forUrbanConceptvehicles.
b) If a vehicle breaks down or is involved in a disabling accident on the track, the
Drivermustimmediatelymakeeveryattempttodrivethevehicletothesideofthe
track.
c) TheDriverisallowed30secondstoattempttorestartthevehiclefromwithinits
drivingposition.
d) Ifunsuccessful,theDrivermustgetoutofthecarandwaitinasafeplaceoffthe
trackfortheTrackMarshalstoarriveandrecoverhim/herandthevehicle.
e) It is forbidden to carry out repairs on the track. In the event of a flat tyre, even
when near the starting line, a new start will not be granted for the attempt in
question.
Article19: Offtrackvehiclemovements
a) Allvehiclesmustbeparkedinsidethedesignatedpaddockareaordirectlyinfront
of it. When off the track, vehiclesmust be moved without the use of the engine.
Theymustbepushedorpulled.Testdrivinginthepaddockareaisforbidden.
b) Race Marshals will notify the Race Director of any breaches and any unsafe or
unfairbehaviour.
Driver & Equipment
Article20: DriverWeight
a) DriversofPrototypevehiclesmustweighatleast50kginfulldrivinggear,including
communicationdevices,priortoanattempt.Ballastmustbefittedtothevehiclein
the event the minimum weight requirement is not met. This ballast must be
provided by the Team, and must be effectively tied down and secured to the
vehicle toensure no danger for the Driver in the event of collision or rollover. It
mustbeeasilydetachableforweighing.
b) Drivers of UrbanConcept vehicles must weigh at least 70 kg in full driving gear,
including communication devices and luggage item, prior to an attempt. Ballast
mustbefittedintheluggagecompartmentofthevehicleintheeventtheminimum
weight requirement is not met. This ballast must be provided by the Team, and
mustbeeffectivelytieddownandsecuredtothevehicletoensurenodangerfor
the Driver in the event of collision or rollover. It must be easily detachable for
weighing.(RefertoArticle46:i))
c) The Driver (in full driving gear, including communication devices) and the ballast
maybeweighedbeforeoraftereachofficialattempt.Aweightlossofupto1kg
duringanattemptwillbetolerated.
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Article21: Helmets
a) For practice and competition, Drivers must wear Motorcycle or Motorsport style
helmetsthatcomplywiththesafetystandardsspecifiedinChapterIIoftheOfficial
RulesofeachShellEcomarathonevent(bicycle/riding/skatingtypehelmetsarenot
permitted).Thehelmetlabelsmustbeclearlyreadable.Helmetswornbyboththe
DriverandReserveDriverwillbesubjecttoinspection.
b) Onlyfullfaceorthreequarterhelmetsarepermitted.Generally,thefullfaceand
three quarter style helmets can be affixed with face shields which are highly
recommended. If a face shield is not utilised, safety goggles are required. The
helmetsmustcorrectlyfittheDrivers;otherwisetheywillnotbeapprovedforthe
event.
Article22: DriverClothing
a) AllDriversmustweararacingsuitastheoutermostlayerofclothing(fireretardant
highlyrecommended).Casualclothingandstreetweararenotpermitted.Chapter
II provides further guidelines regarding the racing suit specifications and
availability. Wearingsynthetic outer clothes or underwear isstrictly forbidden for
Driverswhenseatedintheirvehicle.
b) Gloves and shoes are required and must be provided by the team; bare feet or
socksonlyareprohibited.
Article23: DriverComfort
Pleasenotethatintheeventofhotweatherconditionshightemperaturescouldbe
attainedinsidethevehicle,potentiallyaffectingDrivercomfortand/orcausingheat
stress.
a) Itisrecommendedtoproperlyventilatetheinsideofthevehicletoprovidecooling
totheDriver.
b) It is recommended to provide sufficient drinking liquids to the driver for the
duration of an attempt. If fluid containers are provided to the driver(s), these
containersmustbehandsfree,e.g.camelbackstyleorbottlessecuredinsidethe
driverscompartmentwithflexiblefeedstraw.
c) Itisrecommendedtoequipthevehiclewithaneffectivesunscreen.
d) TheOrganisersreservetherighttorestrictindividualdrivingtimebyanymeansat
their sole discretion, e.g. shortening the distance, requesting driver change (pit
stop),limitmaximumnumberofattemptsperdriverperday,etc.
Team Safety Equipment
Article24: EquipmentandMaterials
Teamsarerequiredtoprovideandusethefollowingattheevent:
a) Glovesforgeneralwork:leatherorcanvasmaterial.
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b) Glovesforfuelormotoroilhandling:Chemicalresistant.
c) SafetyglassesforallTeammembers.(Disposabletypesarepermitted).
d) HearingprotectionforallTeammembers.(ApprovedEarplugsormuffs).
e) Ducttapetosecureanycordsorcableslyingonthepitfloor.
f) Liftstandsorappropriateraisedplatformforvehicletuningandrepairs.
g) Owntoolsandmaterials.
h) EachTeammustprovideanoperational6kgdrychemical(powder)(10lb.Unitfor
USapplication)extinguishersuitableforABCclassoffires.Theextinguishermust
beaccessibleintheTeamsspecificpitareainthegarage.Theextinguishermustbe
full,andhaveacertificateofvaliditybearingthemanufacturer'snumber,thedate
ofmanufacture,andtheexpirydate.
Attention
ReviewallsectionsoftheOfficialRulesastheycontainfurthersafetymattersspecificto
thetopic.
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3- VEHICLE DESIGN
3A - General
Article25: VehicleDesign
a) Duringvehicledesign,constructionandcompetitionplanning,participatingTeams
mustpayparticularattentiontoallaspectsofsafety,i.e.Driversafety,thesafetyof
otherTeammembersandspectatorsafety.
i) Prototypevehiclesmusthavethreeorfourrunningwheels,whichunder
normalrunningconditionsmustbeallincontinuouscontactwiththeroad.
ii) UrbanConceptvehiclesmusthaveexactlyfourwheels,whichundernormal
runningconditionsmustbeallincontinuouscontactwiththeroad.Afifth
wheelforanypurposeisforbidden.
b) Aerodynamic appendages, which adjust or are prone to changing shape due to
windwhilstthevehicleisinmotion,areforbidden.
c) Vehicle bodies must not be prone to changing shape due to wind and must not
includeanyexternalappendagesthatmightbedangeroustootherTeammembers;
e.g.sharppointsmusthavearadiusof5cmorgreater,alternativelytheyshouldbe
madeoffoamorsimilardeformablematerial.
This means for example exposed corners of solar panels, pointed
partsofthevehiclebody,etc.
d) ThevehicleinteriormustnotcontainanyobjectsthatmightinjuretheDriverduring
acollision.
e) Windowsmustnotbemadeofanymaterialwhichmayshatterintosharpshards.
Recommendedmaterial:Polycarbonate(e.g.Lexan)
Article26: Chassis/MonocoqueSolidity
a) Teamsmustensurethatthevehiclechassisormonocoqueissolid.
Amonocoqueisaconstructionthatsupportsstructuralloadbyusing
anobject'sexternalskinasopposedtousingaframe.
b) Thevehiclechassismustbeequippedwithaneffectiverollbarthatextends5cm
aroundthedrivershelmetwhenseatedinnormaldrivingpositionwiththesafety
beltsfastened.
c) This roll bar must extend in width beyond the drivers shoulders when seated in
normaldrivingpositionwiththesafetybeltsfastened.
It is permissible to either use a tubular or panel type roll bar. If a
tubularrollbarisused,itmustbemadeofmetal.Apanelrollbaris
the rigid partition separating the cockpit from the engine
compartment. Such a panel roll bar must be an integral part of the
vehiclechassisorintegratedinamonocoque.
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d) Anyrollbarmustbecapableofwithstandingastaticloadof700N(~70kg)applied
in a vertical, horizontal or perpendicular direction, without deforming (i.e.in any
direction).
e) The vehicle chassis or monocoque must be wide and long enough to protect the
driversbodyincaseofafrontalorlateralcollision.
Article27: PropulsionandEnergyStorageSystemIsolation
a) A permanent Bulkhead must completely separate the vehicles propulsion and
energystoragesystemsfromthedriverscompartment.
This means engines, fuel cells, fuel tanks, batteries (both propulsion
and auxiliary), hydrogen cylinders, super capacitors, etc. must be
placed outside the drivers compartment behind the bulk head. The
purposeofthisbulkheadisthatintheeventofafuelleakorfire,it
preventsliquidsand/orflamesand/orsmokereachingthedriver.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay particular attention to avoid any
gaps and holes between the body and the bulk head. It is
recommendedtosealgapswithmaterialssuchasmetal/aluminium
sheetingoraluminiumtape.
b) Thisbulkheadmustbeoffireretardantmaterialandconstruction
c) In closedtop Prototype vehicles and in all UrbanConcept vehicles, the bulkhead
must effectively seal the drivers compartment from the propulsion and fuel
system.
d) In open Prototype vehicles the bulkhead must extend at least 5 cm above the
highest point of the propulsion and fuel system or the drivers shoulders
whicheveristhehighest.
e) Thebulkheadmustpreventmanualaccesstotheengine/energycompartmentby
thedriver.
Article28: Visibility
a) TheDrivermusthaveaccesstoadirectarcofvisibilityahead,andto90oneach
side of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. This field of vision must be achieved
without aid of any optical (or electronic) devices such as mirrors, prisms,
periscopes,etc.MovementoftheDriversheadwithintheconfinesofthevehicle
bodytoachieveacompletearcofvisionisallowed.
b) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwitharearviewmirroroneachsideofthevehicle,
each with a minimum surface area of 25 cm (e.g. 5 cm x 5 cm). The visibility
provided by these mirrors, and their proper attachment, will be subject to
inspection.Anelectronicdevicemustnotreplacearearviewmirror.
c) AnInspectorwillcheckvisibilityineachofthevehiclesinordertoassessontrack
safety. This Inspector will check good visibility with 60 cm high blocks spread out
every30inahalfcircle,witha5mradiusinfrontofthevehicle.
d) ForUrbanConceptvehicleswetweathervisibilityisalsomandatory(Article52:)
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Article29: SafetyBelts
a) TheDriver'sseatmustbefittedwithaneffectivesafetyharnesshavingatleastfive
mountingpointstomaintaintheDriverinhis/herseat.
b) The mounting point(s) for the crotch strap(s) must be below the Drivers torso to
preventtheDriverfromslippingforward.
c) The 5 independent belts must be firmly attached to the vehicle's main structure
andbefittedintoasinglebuckle,specificallydesignedforthispurpose.
d) Thesafetyharnessmustbewornandfastenedatalltimeswhenthevehicleisin
motion.
e) The fitness for purpose of the harness and its fitting will be evaluated during
technicalinspection.ForPrototypecarsthiswillbedonebyraisingthevehiclewith
theDriveronboardusingthesafetyharnessforsuspension.
f) Thesafetyharnessmustwithstandaforceofatleast1.5timestheDriversweight.
g) Theharnessmustbepropriety.
Thismeansthesafetyharnessmustbespecificallymanufacturedfor
motorsportuse.(e.g.certifiedorcompliantwithFIAstandards)
Article30: VehicleAccess
a) ItisimperativeforDrivers,fullyharnessed,tobeabletovacatetheirvehiclesatany
timewithoutassistanceinlessthan10seconds.
b) ForPrototypevehicleswithclosedbodyworkmustbeequippedwithasufficiently
large opening for the cockpit. The driving position must be designed so that
emergencyservicescaneasilyextracttheDriverfromhis/hervehicle,ifnecessary.
c) ForPrototypevehicles,thesaidopeningmaybeenclosedwhollyorpartlybymeans
ofhinged,detachableand/orfoldingdoors,providedthatareleasemechanismis
easily operable from inside and that the method of opening from the outside is
clearlymarkedbyaredarrowanddoesnotrequireanytools.
d) For UrbanConcept vehicles, the opening release mechanism must be easily and
intuitivelyoperablefromtheinsideandtheoutsideofthevehicle.Themethodof
opening from the outside must be clearly marked by a red arrow and must not
requireanytools.
e) ItisforbiddentouseadhesivetapetosecurelyclosetheDriversopeningfromthe
outside.
Article31: Horn
a) Eachvehiclemustbeequippedwithanelectrichornmountedtowardsthefrontof
thevehicle,insuchamannerthatiseffectivelyaudibletoothervehiclesandtrack
marshals. With the vehicle in normal running condition, it must emit a sound
greaterthan85dBAwhenmeasured4metershorizontallyfromthevehicle.
b) Thehornmusthaveahightone(pitch)ofequalorgreaterthan420Hz.
c) Thehornmusthaveanoisecapacity/volumegreaterthan110decibels(dBA).
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Article32: OnboardFireExtinguisher
a) Each vehicle must be fitted with a fire extinguisher (ABC or BC type). All Drivers
mustbetrainedintheuseofsaidfireextinguisher.Thisextinguishermusthavea
minimum extinguishant capacity of 1kg (2 lb for US application), equivalent size
extinguishers are not permitted. It must be full and have a certificate of validity
bearingthemanufacturer'snumberandthedateofmanufactureorexpiry.
b) Plumbedin extinguishers may be located in the engine compartment and must
dischargeintotheenginecompartment.Triggeringsystemsmustbelocatedwithin
thecockpitandbeoperablebytheDriverinhis/hernormaldrivingposition.
c) Handheldextinguishersmustbelocatedwithinthecockpitandbeaccessibletothe
Driver once they have vacated the vehicle. These should be securely mounted to
preventmovementwhiledriving/braking.Intheeventofafire,Driversshouldfirst
exit the vehicle and then if possible, remove the extinguisher and attempt to
extinguishthefireifsafetodoso.
d) The onboard fire extinguisher does not replace the need for an adequate fire
extinguisherfortheteamsgaragearea.
Article33: DriverPosition
Forsafetyreasons,theheadfirstdrivingpositionisprohibited.
Article34: ClutchandTransmission
a) All vehicles with internal combustion engines must be equipped with a clutch
system.
b) Forcentrifugal/automaticclutchesthestartermotorspeedmustalwaysbebelow
theengagementspeedoftheclutch.
c) ForUrbanConceptonly:Thevehiclemusthaveidlingcapabilities,i.e.thevehicle
mustremainstationarywiththeenginerunning.
d) For manual clutches the starter motor must not be operable with the clutch
engaged.Aninterlockisrequiredtofacilitatethisfunctionality.
e) PleaserefertoArticle64:regardingstartermotorrequirements.
f) Theinstallationofeffectivetransmissionchainorbeltguard(s)ismandatory.
Thisisrequiredtoprotectdriverortechnicianwhenworkingonthe
car in the event of the chain or belt breaking. It must be made of
metalorcompositematerialrigidenoughtowithstandabreak.
Article35: ExhaustSystem
a) Theexhaustgasesmustbeevacuatedoutsidethevehiclebody.
b) Exhaustpipesmustnotextendbeyondtherearofthevehiclebody.
c) Allvehiclesareexpectedtocomplywithreasonableenvironmentalstandards,e.g.
amountofsmokeandodouremitted.
d) Allexhaustcomponentsmustbemadeofmetal.
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Article36: SoundLevel
Thesoundlevelofthevehiclemustnotexceed90dBwhenmeasured4metresaway
fromthevehicle.
Maximum sound levels will be measured and recorded at the start
lineandteamsexceedingthepermissiblelevelwillbenotifiedwitha
requestforcorrectionwithinareasonabletimeframe.
Article37: EmergencyShutdown
a) Anemergencyshutdownsystem,operablefromboth,theexteriorofthevehicle
andtheinteriordriverposition,mustbepermanentlyinstalledonallvehicles(not
part of the detachable bodywork used to allow driver access). A red arrow (on a
whitebackground)atleast10cmlongand3cmwideatthewidestpointmustbe
positioned on the vehicle body to indicate clearly the exterior position of the
emergencyshutdownactuator.Thissystemmuststoptheengine/motor.
b) For Battery Electric and Solar vehicles the emergency shutdown mechanism must
provide a physical isolation of the propulsion battery from the vehicle electrical
system.Ifrelaysareused,therelaysmustbeanormallyopencontacttype.Theuse
of a power controller or other logic systems to drive an isolation device is not
permitted.
Article38: AdditionalInspections
a) After passing the technical inspection, the replacement and / or alteration of the
engine, any vehicle wiring, or any other vehicle part must be reapproved by the
TechnicalInspectors.
b) After any significant incident on the track the vehicle will be subject to a re
inspectionaswell
c) Atanytime,theOrganisersmayperformunannouncedinspectionsonthevehicles.
3B - Prototype Group
Article39: Dimensions
a) Themaximumheightmustbelessthan100cm.
b) The maximum height measured at the top of the Driver's compartment must be
lessthan1.25timesthemaximumtrackwidthbetweenthetwooutermostwheels.
c) Thetrackwidthmustbeatleast50cm, measuredbetweenthemidpointswhere
thetyrestouchtheground.
d) Thewheelbasemustbeatleast100cm.
e) Themaximumtotalvehiclewidthmustnotexceed130cm.
f) Themaximumtotallengthmustnotexceed350cm.
g) Themaximumvehicleweight,withouttheDriveris140kg.
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Article40: CockpitVentilation
NospecificationpleasereviewconsiderationsinArticle23:
Article41: Wheels,AxlesandWheelHubs
a) Alltypesofwheelsareallowed.
b) Anytypeofwheelrimmaybeused.Rimsmustbecompatiblewiththedimensions
oftheselectedtyresinordertosatisfysafetystandards.
Teams must take into account the fact that bicycle wheels are not
generally designed to support substantial lateral cornering forces,
such as may be found in Shell Ecomarathon vehicles at certain
speeds.
Thewheelaxlesmustbedesignedforcantileverloads(likeinwheel
chairs)ratherthanforloaddistributedequallyonbothsides(likein
bicycles).
c) Wheels located inside the vehicle body must be isolated from the Driver by a
bulkhead.
d) Any handling or manipulation of wheels by the Driver is forbidden from the
momentthevehicleisatthestartinglineuntilitcrossesthefinishline.
Article42: TurningRadiusandSteering
a) The turning radius must be sufficient to enable safe overtaking as well as
negotiatingtheturnsofthetrack.
b) IftheOrganiserssuspectthattheturningradiusofavehicleisinsufficientforthe
track,thevehiclewillberequiredtonegotiateaslalomcourse.
c) The slalom course in Asia and Americas will required a turning radius of 6 m, in
Europeitwillrequireaturningradiusof12m.Itwillalsoaimtoverifydriverskills
andsteeringprecision,i.e.thatithasexcessiveplayorunduedelay.
d) Indirectsteeringispermittedaslongasadequatefailsafeandbackupmeasuresare
inplace.
Article43: Braking
a) Vehicles must be equipped with two independently activated brakes or braking
systems; each system comprising of a single command control (lever(s) or foot
pedal),commandtransmission(cablesorhoses)andactivators(callipersorshoes).
b) Onesystemhastoactonallfrontwheel(s),theotheronallrearwheel(s).When
brakingontwosteeringwheelsatthefront,twoactivators(callipersorshoes)have
to be usedone on each wheel, commanded by only one command control. In
addition,therightandleftbrakesmustbeproperlybalanced.
c) Therearsystemmustworkoneachwheel,unlesstheyareconnectedbyacommon
shaftinwhichcasetheycanhaveasinglesystem.
d) It must be possible to activate the two systems at the same time without taking
eitherhandofthesteeringsystem.Footcontrolisrecommended.
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e) The effectiveness of the two braking devices will be tested during vehicle
inspection. The vehicle will be placed on an incline with a 20 percent slope. The
brakes will be activated each in turn. Each system alone must keep the vehicle
immobile.
f) Theuseofahydraulicallycontrolledbrakingsystemishighlyrecommended.
Cableoperatedsystemsareallowedaslongastheyareeffectiveand
passthebraketest.
3C - UrbanConcept Group
Article44: Definition
UnderthenameUrbanConcept,Shelloffersanopportunitytodesignandbuildfuel
economy vehicles that are close in appearance to todays production type passenger
cars. UrbanConcept vehicles must comply with the specific rule of the Shell Eco
marathonforthisgroup.Oneparticularfeatureofthisgroupisthatvehiclescompeting
inthisgroupwillrequirestop&godriving.
Article45: Dimensions
a) Thetotalvehicleheightmustbebetween100cmand130cm.
b) The total body width, excluding rear view mirrors, must be between 120 cm and
130cm.
c) Thetotalvehiclelengthmustbebetween220cmand350cm.
d) Thetrackwidthmustbeatleast100cmforthefrontaxleand80cmfortherear
axle,measuredbetweenthemidpointswherethetyrestouchtheground.
e) Thewheelbasemustbeatleast120cm.
f) TheDriverscompartmentmusthaveaminimumheightof88cmandaminimum
widthof70cmattheDriversshoulders.
g) Thegroundclearancemustbeatleast10cm.
h) Themaximumvehicleweight(excludingtheDriver)mustbe205kg.
Article46: VehicleBody
a) Teams are requested to submit technical drawings, photographs or animations of
their entire vehicle design to the organisers for approval at their earliest
opportunity.
Thisisstronglyrecommendedtoavoidupsetsbyfailingthetechnical
inspectionattheeventongroundsofdesignnoncompliance.
b) The body must cover all mechanical parts excluding wheels and suspension,
whetherthevehicleisviewedfromthefront,therear,thesidesorfromabove.
c) The wheels and suspension must be fully covered by the body when seen from
above and up to the axle centre line when seen from front or rear. The cover of
wheelsandsuspensionmustbearigidintegralpartofthevehiclebody.
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d) Itisprohibitedtouseanycommerciallyavailablevehiclebodyparts.
e) AccesstothevehiclebytheDrivermustbeaseasyandpracticalastypicallyfound
in production type passenger cars. The door opening must have a minimum
dimensionof500x800mm.
Thismeansthedooropeningwillbeverifiedwitharectangular
templateof500x800mm.
f) Anyaccessopeningmechanisms(e.g.doors)mustbefirmlyattachedtothevehicle
body(e.g.bymeansofhinges,slidingrails,etc.).Adhesivetape,Velcro,etc.arenot
permittedforthispurpose.
g) ThevehiclemusthavearoofcoveringtheDriverscompartment.
h) Awindscreenwitheffectivewiper(s)ismandatory.PleaserefertoArticle52:.
i) Luggagespacemustbeavailableforasuitcaselikeobjectwithdimensionsof500x
400x200mm(LxHxW).Thisspacemustbeeasilyaccessiblefromtheoutsideand
mustincludeafloorandsidewallstoholdtheluggageinplacewhenthevehicleis
moving. A competitor supplied suitcaselike object must be placed in this space
duringanycompetition.Fordriversrequiringballastthissuitcaselikeobjectmust
containtheballast.
j) Vehiclebodiesmustnotincludeanyexternalappendagesthatmightbedangerous
tootherTeammembers;e.g.sharppointsmusthavearadiusof5cmorgreater,
alternativelytheyshouldbemadeoffoamorsimilardeformablematerial.
k) A towing hook or ring is mandatory on the front of the vehicle, so that it can be
towedwithacablebyanothervehicle.Thishookorringmustresistatractionforce
of2000N(~200kg).
Article47: TurningRadiusandSteering
a) Vehiclesteeringmustbeachievedbyonesystemoperatedwithbothhandsusinga
turningmotion.Itmustbeprecise,withnoexcessiveplay.
b) Steeringmustbeachievedusingasteeringwheelorsectionsofawheel.
c) Steeringbars,tillers,joysticks,indirectorelectricsystemsarenotpermitted.
d) Theturningradiusmustbelessthan6m.
e) Avehiclehandlingcoursemaybesetupinordertoverifythefollowingwhenthe
vehicleisinmotion:driverskills,turningradiusandsteeringprecision.Inparticular,
Inspectorswillverifythatsteeringisprecise,withnoexcessiveplay.
Article48: Wheels
a) Therimsmustbebetween13to17inchesindiameter.
b) ThewheelslocatedinsidethevehiclebodymustbemadeinaccessibletotheDriver
by a bulkhead. Any handling or manipulation of the wheels is forbidden from the
momentthevehiclearrivesatthestartinglineuntilitcrossesthefinishline.
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Article49: Tyres
The choice of tyres is free as long as they are fitted on the type and size of rims
recommendedbytheirmanufacturersandhaveaminimumtreadof1.6mm.Thetyre/
rim assembly must have a minimum width of 80 mm, measured from sidewall to
sidewall.Thewidthismeasuredwiththetyrefittedonitsrimatitsratedpressure.
Caution: the manufacturers size indications should not be taken as
measure, as the width of the rim directly impacts the width of the
rim/tyreassembly.
Article50: Lighting
Thevehiclemusthaveafunctionalexternallightingsystem,including:
a) Twofrontheadlights
b) Twofrontturnindicators
c) Tworearturnindicators
d) Tworedbrakelightsintherear
e) Tworedrearlights(maybecombinedwiththebrakelights)
f) Thecentreofeachheadlightunitmustbelocatedatanequaldistanceandatleast
30cmfromthelongitudinalaxisofthevehicle.
g) The mandatory red indicator light for the self starter operation must be separate
fromanyoftheabove(Article64:c))
Article51: Braking
a) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwithafourdischydraulicbrakesystem,withabrake
pedal,whichhasaminimumsurfaceareaof25cm.
b) The brakes must operate independently on the front and rear axles or in an X
pattern(i.e.rightfrontwheelwithleftrearwheel,andleftfrontwheelwithright
rearwheel).
c) A single master cylinder may be used, provided that it has a dual circuit (two
pistonsanddualtank).
d) Theeffectivenessofthebrakingsystemwillbetestedduringvehicleinspectionfor
bothDrivers.Thevehiclemustremainimmobilewhenitisplacedona20percent
incline with the main brake in place. Moreover, a dynamic inspection may be
performedonthevehiclehandlingcourse.
e) RaceInspectorsmaycheckthebrakesagainjustpriortothestart.
f) Wetweathercapabilityismandatory(seeArticle52:)
Article52: WetWeatherRunning
a) During weather conditions of light rain/drizzle, the UrbanConcept vehicles (only)
mayberequiredtodriveonthetrackduringcompetition withapprovalfromthe
RaceDirector.Therefore,allUrbanConceptvehiclesmustbeadequateforrunning
undersuchconditions.
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b) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwithaneffectiveelectricwindscreenwiper(s).
c) Theoperationofthewiperassemblymustbeactivatedbyanindependentswitch
easilyaccessibletothedriver.
d) Thewiperoperationmustprovidethedriveraclearview.
Thismeansthewiperunitmustfunctionasdesigned.
e) The vehicle must be adequately ventilated to prevent drivers compartment from
fogging.
f) Thevehicleselectricalsystemmustbesuitableforwetweatherconditions(e.g.will
notmalfunctionduringwetconditions).
g) Tyresmusthaveaminimumtreadof1.6mm(refertoArticle49:).
h) Thevehiclesbrakeeffectivenessmaybereinspectedbeforeand/orafteranyrun.
i) The effectiveness of the vehicle to run in wet conditions will be evaluated during
theinitialinspectionphase.
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4- ENERGY SOURCES
4A - General
Article53: EnergyTypes
Vehiclesmayonlyusethefollowingenergies:
a) InternalCombustion:
i) ShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/
Gasoline.**
ii) ShellFuelSaveDiesel(Europe)/ShellDiesel(AsiaandUS).**
iii) ShellGastoLiquid(100%GTL).
iv) FattyAcidMethylEster(100%FAME).
v) EthanolE100(100%Ethanol).
** The gasoline and diesel provided by the Organisers are the Shell
fuelsprevalentinthelocalmarketswheretheeventstakeplace.For
testingandtuningpurposesintheteamshomecountrieswhereShell
FuelSaveUnleaded95andShellFuelSaveDieselarenotavailableitis
recommendedtousethelocallyavailableShellUnleaded95orShell
Dieselinstead.
b) ElectricMobility:
i) Hydrogen.
ii) Solar.***
iii) BatteryElectric.
*** Weather conditions will vary throughout the event and solar
competitors need to take this effect into account during the
competition.
Article54: ResultsCalculations
a) Results for the Internal Combustion Category will be expressed in kilometres per
litre (km/l) (i.e. theoretical distance covered using energy of Shell FuelSave
Unleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/Gasolineequivalent)
correctedtoatemperatureof15C.
b) Regardless of the fuel used, the ranking will be determined from this equivalent
consumption of Shell FuelSave Unleaded 95 (Europe and Asia) / Shell Regular 87
(US) Petrol / Gasoline. This calculation will be performed using the net calorific
value (NCV), which represents the quantity of energy released per unit mass or
volumeoffuelduringcompletecombustionyieldingsteamandcarbondioxide.
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c) TypicalNCVvalues(massbasis)fordifferentfuelsaregiveninthetablebelow.The
NCVvalues(vol.)at15Carecalculatedonthedayofcompetitionbymultiplying
theactualmassbasedNCVbythefueldensityat15C.
InternalCombustionFuel
NCVbymass(kJ/kg)
ShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)
ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/Gasoline
42,900
ShellFuelSaveDiesel(Europe)
ShellDiesel(AsiaandUS)
42,600
FattyAcidMethylEster
37,700
GastoLiquid
44,000
EthanolE100
26,900
Hydrogen
119,930
d) For example, if a distance of 1,000 km is covered with one litre of Shell Diesel,
whose corresponding energy is 35,660 kJ (if we assume a fuel density of 0.83716
kg/lat15C),thisrepresents0.0280kmcoveredperkJ.Sincetheenergyfromone
litreofShellFuelSaveUnleaded95(EuropeandAsia)/ShellRegular87(US)Petrol/
Gasoline is 32,010 kJ (if we assume a fuel density of 0.74616 kg/l at 15 C), this
correspondstoacorrecteddistanceof896km(roundedtothenearestunit).The
finalresultforavehiclehavingcovered1,000kmwithonelitreofdieselfuel(atthe
referencetemperatureof15C)willthusbe896kmfortheequivalentof1litreof
Shell FuelSave Unleaded 95 (Europe and Asia) / Shell Regular 87 (US) Petrol /
Gasoline(alsoatthereferencetemperatureof15C).
e) ResultsfortheElectricMobilityCategory(hydrogenfuelcell,solar,batteryelectric)
willbeexpressedinkilometresperkilowatthour(km/kWh).
f) FuelCellvehicleswilluseaflowmetertomeasuretheH2consumed.Theresultwill
becalculatedusingtheNCVofH2listedabove.
g) The results of Solar and Battery Electric vehicles will be determined by using
joulemeterswhicharesuppliedbytheOrganisers.
h) Theresultsforhybridvehicleswillbeexpressedbasedontheprimaryenergyused.
Article55: FuelsSupply&Handling
a) OnlythefuelslistedinArticle53:,asprovidedtotheparticipantsbytheOrganisers
duringtheevent,areauthorisedforuseduringpracticeandcompetition.
b) Suppliesadequateforpracticeandcompetitionwillbeavailablebytheofficialsin
chargeofmeasuringfuelconsumption.
c) No additives may be added to the fuel. Only the power derived from the
combustionofthefuelinthepresenceofairalonewithintheenginesystemmay
beusedforforwardpropulsion.Noothermaterialthatcouldserveasenginefuel
maybeusedatanytimeduringtheevent.
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d) Any participant handling fuel must wear safety glasses and chemically resistant
gloves.
e) Noadditives,catalysts,waterinjection,orfueltreatmentdevicesareallowed.
Article56: EngineLubricants
EngineLubricants
TheOrganiserswillprovidetheengineoilsforusebythecompetitors.
Article57: VehicleElectricalSystems
a) Forsafetyreasons,themaximumvoltageonboardofanyvehicleatanypointmust
not exceed 48 Volts nominal and 60 Volts max (this includes onboard batteries,
externalbatteries,supercapacitors,fuelcellstack,solarpanels,etc).
Battery definition: A battery is defined as a source of electrical
energy,whichhasexactlytwoconnectorsandcomesasasingleunit.
Thissingleunitmaycontainmorethanonesubunit.
b) If a LithiumIon battery is used, a Battery Management System (BMS) must be
installed to control and protect the battery against risk of fire. The BMS must
provide cell balancing during offtrack charging and protect against overcharge,
(andforemobilityvehicles)overdischarge,overcurrentandovertemperature.For
non emobility vehicles, the accessory battery BMS system cell balancing and
overchargeprotectionmaybecontainedintheoffboardcharger.
c) Allbatteriesandsupercapacitorsmustbeshortcircuitprotected.Protectionmay
be in the form of a fuse, fusable link, or a current interrupting device (circuit
breaker). Automatic reclosing current interrupting devices are not allowed. Short
circuitprotectiondevicesmustbelocatedonthepositiveconductorandascloseas
possibletothebatteryitself.Theratingoftheshortcircuitprotectiondevicemust
be such that the battery will be able to supply enough short circuit current at all
timestoopenthedevice.
d) Allvehicleelectricalcircuitsmustbeprotectedagainstelectricaloverload.Overload
protectionmaybeintheformoffixedcurrentlimitswithinelectriccontrollersorby
theinsertionofindividualcircuitfuses.
e) Theaccessorybattery(referArticle57:h))mustmaintainanegativeground.
f) For safety reasons, the propulsion battery or super capacitors, both positive and
negative circuits must be electrically isolated from the vehicle frame and the
accessorybatterycircuit.
This only applies to Hybrid and emobility vehicles which have a
propulsionbattery.
g) Only one propulsion battery (for emobility vehicles only) and one accessory
batterypervehicleareallowed.
h) Theaccessorybatterymustoperateallsafetydevices(e.g.horn,hydrogensensor)
for the duration of the competition and may also operate only for internal
combustion engine, the starter motor, the ignition, the instrumentation and
electronic management systems. All other additional sources of electricity are
forbidden.
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i) The accessory battery is not allowed to power compressors, blowers, engine

cooling systems, motors, etc. It may however be used to power a ventilation /
coolingfanforthedriver.
j) The Organisers reserve the right to request Teams to install one joulemeter,
intended to measure the quantity of energy provided by the accessory battery. If
thisamountofenergyexceedsthepowertypicallyrequiredtooperatethestarter
motor,hornandsafetydevicesthecompetitorwillbedisqualified.
k) Both propulsion and accessory batteries must be installed outside of the drivers
compartmentbehindabulkhead.(SeeArticle27:)
l) The following devices may be powered by batteries other than the propulsion or
accessory battery provided they use builtin batteries: radio communication
system, GPS system, data loggers excluding engine management units, driver
ventilators.
m) All electrical / electronic cases must be made of transparent material or at least
haveatransparenttop.
Article58: TechnicalDocumentation
a) CompetitorsmustprovidetheOrganiserswithaprecisetechnicaldescriptionofthe
vehiclesfuelsystemandelectricalcircuitry.
b) TechnicalDocumentationpriortoevent.
i) Competitorsmustprovide,throughtheonlinesubmittalprocess,
documentationonthefuelandvehicleelectricalsystem.
ii) Forinternalcombustionvehicles,thedocumentationmustincludea
descriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingofthefuelsupplysystemfromthe
tanktoengine.Thisshouldcontainthefollowing:
1.
Major fuel system components such as pressurised air bottle, pressure

relief valves, air pressure gauges, fuel tank, filters, valves, carburettors,
fuel injectors, float chambers, pumps, starter motor , engine, etc.
2.
A description on how the vehicle clutch works (showing that use of the
starter motor will not engage the clutch)
iii) Forallvehicles,theelectricalsystemsdocumentationmaybeintheformof
oneormoreblockdiagrams/electricalcircuitdiagramcontainingthe
following:
1.
Point to point vehicle wiring diagram showing the location of all major
relevant electrical components of the system, such as batteries, super
capacitors, fuses/circuit protectors, lights, alternators, horn, starter motor
(for e-mobility vehicles this should also include drive train components
such as fuel cells, motors, controllers, solar panels, MPPTs, joulemeters),
etc.
2.
Component voltage, current, and power ratings of major components.
3.
Locations and ratings of all circuit protection devices.
4.
Illustration of how the emergency stop system works, and presence of both
external and internal emergency switches. A separate sheet may be used
to illustrate this if necessary.
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5.
A description of any battery(s) or ultra (super) capacitors being used in the

system, including type, rated voltage, max charge voltage and capacity in
amp-hours or capacitance.
6.
The Organisers reserve the right to request additional information from

Teams using a high-capacity accessory battery.
7.
The starter motor and starter light connections (for vehicles with a starter
motor)
c) TechnicalDocumentationatevent(tobereviewedduringTechnicalInspection)
i) Competitorsmusthaveavailableforinspectionwiththevehicle,aprinted
copyofthelatestversionofthedocumentssubmittedabove(Article58:b))
andtheadditionaldocumentationasdefinedbelow.
ii) Forallvehicles,ifaLithiumIonbatteryisused,eitherasapropulsionor
accessorybattery,provideprinted/writtendocumentationontheBMS
operation.(Note,therequirementforBMSsystemoperationdatais
independentofwhethertheBMSisintegratedintoapurchasedbatteryor
specialbuilt.)TheBMSdatashouldinclude:
1.
Cell over-voltage protection limits.
2.
Battery over-current limit.
3.
Operation of cell balancing (how and when).
4.
Battery over-temperature limit.
5.
Battery operation when over-voltage, over-current or over-temperature

limits are reached. (that is, what will the BMS/Battery do when these limits
are reached)
iii) ForemobilityVehiclestheadditionalprintedtechnicaldocumentationshould
include:
1.
Any additional information not submitted prior to the event on the battery
type, energy capacity and nominal voltage ratings (both propulsion and
accessory if used).
2.
Any additional information not submitted prior to the event on the motor(s)
and motor controller(s) power and voltage ratings.
3.
PV Panel(s) data sheet power and voltage ratings (Pmpp, Isc, Voc, Vmpp) (if
used).
4.
PV controller (MPPT), power and voltage ratings (if used).
4B - Internal Combustion Engines
Article59: Propulsion
Propulsion
Thetypeordesignoftheinternalcombustionenginesisnotrestricted,howeverthey
must run only on the fuel provided by the Organisers and must not consume any
engineoil(2strokeenginesareforbidden).
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Article60: Otheronboardenergysources
a) For all fuel categories, stored electrical or pneumatic energy not replaced during
the competition by the engine may only be used for the selfstarter, the ignition,
theinjector,theinstrumentation,thehornandelectronicmanagementsystems.
b) Fuelpumpsarepermittedforallfuelsprovidedtheyaremechanicallydrivenbythe
engineonly.
c) Itispermittedtopressurisetheliquidfueltanks,inordertofeedtheengine,only
underthefollowingconditions:
d) Pressurisationisdonebymeansofatranslucentcompressedairbottlefittedwitha
safetyvalvesetto5barsmaximum.Itmustincludeastandardvalveasusedforcar
tyres in order to enable verification/control of the pressure setting for the safety
valve.Thesaidpressurisationisdoneinthestartingareabymeansofanairpump.
TheDrivermustnotmodifythepressureduringthecompetition.
e) Auxiliaryenergysources(chemical,latentenergyfromphasechanges,etc.)arenot
permitted.
f) Iftheenginetemperatureisregulated,thesaidregulationshouldbelimitedtothe
useofpure,unpressurisedwaterascoolant.Theexternalregulationtemperature
oftheengine(forenginesthusequipped)islimitedto100C.
g) It is forbidden to use a batterypowered electrical pump to ensure oil or water
circulation in the engine, except in cases where this pump is only used when the
engineisbeingstarted.
Comment: For 2013 the use of electric fuel pumps creating higher
injectionpressuresisunderconsideration.Theywillonlybeallowedif
theentiresystem(tank,fuellines,pump,injector)canbeeasilyand
safelyremovedfromthevehicleforweighingpurposes.
Article61: FuelTanks(withtheexceptionofHydrogen)
a) Thevehiclemustbeequippedwithonlyoneofthefollowingapprovedfueltanks
suppliedbytheOrganisers:
Tankcapacities:
Prototype:30,100or250cc
UrbanConcept:30,100,250or350cc
b) Only tanks bearing a clearly visible stamp proving its "APAVE"* certification
compliancecanbeusedforpressurisedsystems.
APAVE:Thisorganisationtestsfueltanksandcertifiestheirabilityto
withstandapressureof5bar(72.4psi).
c) Thefueltankhastobemountedinanaccessibleandzerodegreeverticalposition
whichallowsinsitufillingwithaburetteofapprox1metreheight.
d) Thefueltankmustbemountedinawaythatitstopisatleast5cmbelowtheroll
bar.
e) The fuel tank cap, whether it is leak proof or not (drilled),must be inplace atall
timesduringthecompetition.
Shell Eco-marathon
28
Note that for gravity fed systems a small (<3 mm) hole should be
drilledinthecentreofthecaptoallowairtoenterthetank,hence
allowfuelout!
f) Fuelreturnlinesmustbefedintothefuelfeedlinebelowthefueltank.However,
the return line can only be fitted to the fuel cap if the engine was originally
equippedwithamanualprimingpumpandthisreturnlineandthepumphavenot
beenmodified.
g) Competitors must equip their vehicle with clear fuel lineswhich are not prone to
expansionwhenpressurised(max.internaldiameter8mm).Attechnicalinspection
theOrganiserswillsupplyasuitablelineifrequired
h) Forpressurisedfuelsystemsthehosesconnectingthepressurebottlewiththefuel
tank cap must be flexible (do not need to be Rilsan / Nylon type) to allow easy
connectionandinordertopreventsideloadingtothetanknecks.
Article62: FuelSystem
a) Theparticipantsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingofthe
fuelsupplysystemfromthetanktoengine.
b) Thissystemmustbedesignedinsuchawaythatitcanbecompletelydrainedand
refilledbeforethecompetition.
c) The fuel line between the tank and the engine must not include any additional
elements(noadditionalfiltersorvalves).
d) Fordieselengines,acutoffsolenoidvalveisrequired.
e) Anyfuelsystemincludingafloatchamber(carburettor)mustbefittedwithadrain
valve at the bottom of the carburettor enabling Inspectors to partially drain the
chamberandtoensurethatthefuellevelgoesdowninthetank.
f) Theair intakemanifoldsmustnotcontainanyfuel(orbeabletoaccumulateany
fuel) or blowby gas when the vehicle is on the starting line prior to departure.
Blowbygasmustnotberecycledduringthecompetitionbutneedstobecollected
inaspecificcanisterforenvironmentalprotection.
Blowbygas:gasinsidetheengine(inparticular,oilvapours,unburnt
gasorgasinthecombustionchamberthathasnotbeenevacuatedin
the exhaust). This gas is usually recovered at the intake manifold.
Thisisknownasblowbygasrecirculation.
g) Thefuelsystemmustbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
h) It must be possible to set the fuel supply system to atmospheric pressure for
measurementofthefuellevel.Thepressurisationsystemmustbeequippedwitha
pressuregaugeandnormalrunningpressuremustbeclearlymarkedonthegauge.
i) The standard fuel consumption measurement method for liquid fuels is by
volumetric replacement of the fuel consumed and temperature corrected fuel
(includingtemperaturecorrection).
j) The fuel consumption of gasoline and ethanol powered vehicles which have
achieved more than 1500 km/l (3528 mpg) in the past will be measured
gravimetrically.AttheStartaTechnicalInspectorwillfillthefuelsystemandthen
Shell Eco-marathon
29
theentirefuelsystem(includingtank,injector,pipes,carburettor)willbeweighed
on a precision balance. All these components must be compact and easily
detachableforweighingpurposes.Aftercompletionofasuccessfulrun,theentire
fuel system will be deinstalled and weighed again on the same balance. This
handling of the fuel system, including mounting to and dismounting from the
vehicle and transporting it to the weighing room must be performed by a
competentteammemberwhohasavalidgarageaccesspass.Theentireprocessof
handlingthefuelsystemwillbesupervisedbyaTechnicalInspector.Theweighing
will also be performed by a Technical Inspector and needs to be witnessed by a
TeamMember.
k) Fuelisavolatileproduct.Therefore,itisnotallowedtoartificiallyincreasethefuel
system temperature, which would lead to the formation of vapour locks.
Conversely,coolingorrefrigerationofthefuelbelowambienttemperatureisalso
prohibited.
Article63: Vehiclesusinghybridtechnology
a) ASuperCapacitoristheonlyallowedenergystoragedeviceforhybridvehicles.The
useofanybatteryforthehybridpropulsionsystemisforbidden.
b) This capacitor must be the only source of stored energy for the electric motor
driving the vehicle. It must be electrically isolated from the vehicle accessory
battery(seeArticle57:f)).
c) Two connectors must be installed outside the vehicle to allow the voltage
measurementonthestartingline.
d) The state of charge of the Super Capacitor will be checked before and after each
runbymeasuringitsvoltage.Thevoltageregisteredaftertherunmustbeatleast
equal to the voltage registered before the run. In the event of the contrary, the
Super Capacitor must be recharged by running the engine until their voltage is
equaltothevoltageregisteredbeforetherun.Thetimerequiredtorechargethe
super capacitor by running the engine after the competition is added to the
recordedtimeoftherelevantrun.
e) AsperArticle57:,anaccessorybatterycanbeusedtopowertheselfstarter,the
ignition, the injector, the instrumentation, the horn and electronic management
systems.
f) Theentireelectriccircuitrymustbecorrectlyfusedtopreventoverloadinganyof
itsparts.Thisfuseneedstobeclearlyidentifiedinthetechnicaldrawingsandeasily
visibleandaccessiblefortechnicalinspection.(SeeArticle57:)
Article64: Starter
a) An electric starter may be used during the competition, provided that it can
operateonlywhentheignitionandfuelsystemsareactivated.
b) It must be clearly established that the starter is never capable of providing any
forwardpropulsiontothevehicle.(seealsoArticle34:Article34:d))
c) Starterlight:Aclearlyvisibleredindicatorlight,equivalentinitsluminescenceto
a21Wlightbulb,mustbeinstalledontherearofthevehicleandmustbeclearly
Shell Eco-marathon
30
visiblefrombothsidesofthetrackinordertosignalanyoperationofthestarted
motor.
d) IntheeventthatTrackMarshalsreporttherepeatedorintensiveuseoftheelectric
starter by a Team, the Organisers reserve the right to order an immediate
inspectionofthevehicleandtoinstallajoulemetertomeasurestarterenergyused.
Ifanynoncomplianceisobserved,theTeamwillbepenalisedaccordingly.
e) At the start, the starter and hence the starter light must be extinguished by the
time the rear wheel of the vehicle crosses the start line. Failing to comply will
invalidatetherunandcounttowardsthemaximumnumberofattempts.
4C - Electric Propulsion
Article65: FuelCellPoweredVehicles
a) Fuelsystem
i) Thecompetitorsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingof
thefuelsupplysystem.
ii) Thefuelsystemmustbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
iii) Thefuelcellmustrunbyitself.Theelectricityneededfortemperature
regulation,fan,compressor,electronicmanagementsystemforthefuelcell
andtheelectricmotormustbesuppliedbythefuelcellandnotbytheonboard
battery.
iv) Thehydrogensystemmustbedesignedasfollows:
H2cylinder Pressureregulatordirectlyattachedtothecylinder
Emergency shutdown valve directly attached to the outlet of the
pressureregulatorFlowmeterFuelCell
v) Theflowmetermustbefixedattheinletofthefuelcell.Bothmustbeatthe
samepressure.
b) Hydrogencylinders
i) FCpoweredvehiclemustuseacompressedhydrogencylinder,referredto
hereafterasacylinder,asprovidedbytheOrganisersduringtheentireevent.
Onlyonecylindermaybefittedtoavehicleatanytime.
ii) Cartridgesandanyothermeansofhydrogenstoragearenotpermitted.
iii) ForPrototypesvehicles,thefollowingcylinderswillbeprovided:
Europe:
Americas:
Asia:
Shell Eco-marathon
B04cylinder,0.4litreofhydrogenat200bar.
(7cm/33cm)1.4kg
Exchangecylinder~140bar
7X16(18cmx41cm),15lbs.(7kg)
CatalinaMDcylinder,2.9litreofhydrogen@139bar
(11.1cmx42.4cm),2.4kg
31
iv) ForUrbanConceptvehicles,thefollowingcylinderswillbeprovided:
Europe:
B1cylinder,1litreofhydrogenat200bar.
(10cmx35cm)2.57kg
Americas: Exchangecylinder~140bar
7X16(18cmx41cm),15lbs.(7kg)
Asia:
CatalinaMDcylinder,2.9litreofhydrogen@139bar
(11.1cmx42.4cm),2.4kg
v) CylindersmustbeinstalledonthevehicleunderthesupervisionofaFuel
Marshal.Participantsarenotallowedtokeepanycylindersintheirpossession
overnight.Uponarrivalatthecircuit,TeamManagersmustcontacttheFuel
Marshal,whowillorganiseallrelevantlogistics.
c) Ventilation
Thevehiclebodymustallowforventilationatthehighestpointofthefuelcell
compartment,providinganorificewithaminimumopeningof5cm.Another
5cm opening must be provided at the highest point of the driver
compartment.
d) Hydrogendetector
i) Ahydrogensensormustbeinstalledinthefuelcellcompartment,nearthe
mainventilationorificementionedabove.Thishydrogensensormustdrivethe
emergencyshutdownvalveandrelaymentionedbelow.Thetriplevelofthe
hydrogensensormustbetunedto25%oftheLEL(LowerExplosiveLimit)of
hydrogen,i.e.1%ofhydrogeninair.Atestwillbecarriedoutduringthe
technicalinspection.
ForcommercialFuelCellswithintegratedH2detectoritisstill
requiredtofitaH2sensorasdescribedabove.
ii) Theresetofthehydrogendetector,i.e.,thehydrogensensorandits
electronics,mustbedonemanuallyviaaswitchlocatedinthefuelcell
compartment.Thisswitchmustnotbeaccessiblebythepilotfromthecockpit.
e) Emergencyshutdownvalveandrelay
i) Thehydrogensupplycircuitmustbeequippedwithasolenoidemergency
shutdownvalve.Thisvalvemustbenormallyclosedintheabsenceof
electricity.
ii) Thepowersupplytothemotormustbeautomaticallycutoffatthesametime
astheaboveemergencyshutdownvalveisactivated.Thisistobeachievedby
asuitablefailsaferelay.
iii) Thisvalveandrelaymustbeactivatedbyanyofthefollowingthreescenarios:
1.
Through hydrogen detection as explained above
2.
Through the emergency push-button located on the outside of the vehicle.

A red arrow (on a white background) at least 10 cm long and 3 cm wide
must be positioned on the vehicle body to clearly indicate the place of this
emergency push-button. (Note: It must not be part of the detachable
bodywork used to allow driver access)
3.
Through another emergency push-button, accessible by the pilot in driving

position.
Shell Eco-marathon
32
iv) Incaseofactivationbyoneofthesethreescenarios,thevalveandrelaymust
actsimultaneously.
v) Thesethreescenarioswillbetestedduringthetechnicalinspectionandbefore
eachattempt.
f) Pipesandconnectionsofthehydrogencircuit
i) Inallcases,pipingandconnectorsofthehydrogencircuitmustbedesignedfor
hydrogenuse.TheTeamManagermustbeabletopresentduringthetechnical
inspectionthetechnicaldatasheetsfromthemanufacturerofthesepipingand
connectorstoshowthattheyaresuitableforhydrogenuse.
TheuseofPTFEpipesisrecommended.
ii) Ifthepressureinthehydrogencircuitishigherthan1.5barabsolute(=0.5bar
aboveatmosphericpressure)pipingmustbemadeofsteelandconnectors
mustbescrew/compressiontype.
iii) Ifthepressureinthehydrogencircuitislowerthan1.5barabsolute(=0.5bar
aboveatmosphericpressure)flexiblepipingandunscrewedconnectorsare
accepted.
iv) PTFE(Teflon)sealingtapemustnotbeusedbecauseitcandamagetheflow
meter.Inanycasecompetitorsareresponsiblefordamagetotheflowmeter
duetowrongconnections.
g) Purgepipe
Ifapurgepipeisneeded,itsendmustbelocatedoutsidethevehicle.
h) MeasurementsandEquivalencies
i) Theconsumptionofhydrogenismeasuredbyanembeddedflowmeter.The
flowmeterwillbechecked/calibratedbytheOrganisersbeforetechnical
inspections.
ii) TheflowmeterhastobepurchasedfromtheOrganisers.
iii) Thevolumeofhydrogenconsumedispostedinnormallitres.Thedisplayofthe
flowmetermustbeeasytoreadfromoutsidethevehicle,whenthevehicle
bodyisclosed.Itmustbeinaccessiblebythepilotinnormaldrivingposition.
i) Oxygenandairreserves
Theuseofnonreplacedoxygenorcompressedairreservesisforbidden.
j) SuperCapacitors
i) Ifanembeddedelectricstoragedeviceispartofthepowertrain,itmustbeof
capacitortype,referredtohereafterasSuperCapacitor.Othertypesof
embeddedelectricstoragedevice(Pb,NiMh,etc.batteries)areforbidden.
ii) Thestateofchargeofthesupercapacitorwillbecheckedbeforeandafter
eachrunbymeasuringthesupercapacitorvoltage.
iii) Thevoltageregisteredaftertherunmustbeatleastequaltothevoltage
registeredbeforetherun.Intheeventofthecontrary,thesupercapacitor
mustberechargedbyrunningthefuelcelluntiltheirvoltageisequaltothe
voltageregisteredbeforetherun.Theadditionaltimerequiredtorechargethe
Shell Eco-marathon
33
supercapacitorbyrunningthefuelcellafterthecompetitionisaddedtothe
recordedtimeoftherelevantrun
iv) Themaximumsupercapacitorvoltagemustnotexceedthatreferencedin
Article57:a)
k) Externalstarterbattery
i) Anexternalbatterycanbeusedonthestartinglinetostartthefuelcell
system.Assoonasthevehiclestartstomove,thisbatterymustbeunplugged.
ii) Ifanexternalbatteryisused,twoconnectorsmustbeinstalledoutsidethe
vehicletoallowaquickconnectionandfuelcellsystemstartonthestarting
line.
iii) AsmentionedinArticle57:h)itismandatorytopowerthehydrogendetector
andthehornusingtheaccessorybattery.Thisbatterymustalsopowerthe
emergencyshutdownvalve,relayandlightingsystemforUrbanConcept
vehicles.
l) Electricalcircuit/Electronics
i) Allwiringassociatedwiththeaccessorybatterycircuitmustonlybeintwo
colours,positiveinorangeandnegativeinpurple.Allotherwiringusedmust
beinanyothercolourexceptorangeorpurple.
ii) Afusemustbeinstalledonthepositiveterminalofthefuelcellstack.Its
meltingcurrent(expressedinAmps)mustbelessthantheactivearea
(expressedinsquarecentimetres)ofonecellofthestack.Forinstance,ifthe
activesurfaceofonecellofa20cellstackis60cm,themeltingcurrentofthe
fusemustnotexceed60A.
iii) Ifasupercapacitorisusedinthecircuit,afusemustbeinstalledonthe
positiveterminalofthesupercapacitorpack.Thefuseratingmustbelessthan
orequaltothemaximumusablepowerdividedbytheratedvoltage.
m) Otherequipment
Compressors,fansandcoolersforthefuelcellsystemmustbepoweredbythe
fuelcellorsupercapacitor(notbytheaccessorybattery).(ReferArticle57:i))
Article66: SolarPoweredVehicles
a) All vehicles must be equipped with two joulemeters, one to measure the electric
motor energy consumption, the other one the solar panel energy production.
Stickers,SOLARPANELandMOTORmustidentifythetwojoulemeters.
b) TheOrganisersprovidethesejoulemetersforthedurationoftheevent.Asecurity
depositmayberequiredforthejoulemeters.
c) The joulemeters must be positioned so that their display can be easily read from
outsidethevehicle.
d) The joulemeters must be inaccessible to the Driver in his or her normal driving
position.
e) Any types of batteries or Super Capacitor are permitted. The maximum voltage
present at any point in any circuit, whether the solar panel, battery, or super
Shell Eco-marathon
34
capacitor must not be greater than that defined in Article 57:a). If a LithiumIon
battery is used, the vehicle must be equipped with a Battery Monitoring System
(BMS)tocontrolandprotectthebatteryagainstriskoffire.(SeeArticle57:b))
f) Batteries or Super Capacitor must be placed outside the drivers compartment
behindthebulkhead.
g) Onthestartingline,FuelMarshalswillresettozerothetwojoulemeters,andthen
the vehicles will have access to the track to start their attempt under the same
distanceandtimeconditionsasspecifiedfortheirrespectivevehicleclass.
h) Atthefinishline,FuelMarshalswillreadthetwojoulemeterdisplays.
i) AllSolarvehicleswhichcompleteasuccessfulrunwillbeclassified.Teamswith a
positiveenergybalance(i.e.moreproducedthanconsumed)willbeclassifiedfirst,
inorderofascendingenergyconsumption,followedbyallvehicleswithanegative
energy consumption (i.e. more consumed than produced), again in order of
ascendingenergyconsumption.
j) AnadditionalaccessorybatteryasdefinedinArticle57:h)ispermitted.Itmustnot
be connected to the electric circuit(s) involving any power train components and
must only be used to power safety related components and those mentioned
specificallyinArticle57:h).
Article67: BatteryElectricVehicles
a) Competitors will be able to participate with both Prototype and UrbanConcept
vehiclesinthiscategory.
b) The drive train in the Battery Only category is restricted to a maximum of one
electric storage device, and up to two electric motor(s), with associated control
units.
c) OnlyLithiumIonbatteriesarepermittedaselectricstoragedevices.
d) ThevehiclemustbeequippedwithaBatteryManagementSystem(BMS)tocontrol
andprotectthebatteryagainstriskoffireasdefinedinArticle57:.
e) The LithiumIon battery and any accessory circuits are subject to the maximum
voltagedefinedinArticle57:a)
f) Thecompetitorsmustprovideadescriptionandaprecisetechnicaldrawingoftheir
electricaldrivetrainwiththeapplication.
g) The competitors will be required to present electrical schematics at the
competitiontechnicalinspection.
h) The entire drive train including all circuit protection devices must be easily
accessibleforinspectionandmeasurements.
i) Batteries must be placed outside the drivers compartment behind the bulkhead
andsecurelymounted.(seeArticle27:)
j) All vehicles must be equipped with one joulemeter located between the battery
andthemotorcontroller(s)tomeasuretheelectricmotorenergyconsumption.
k) TheOrganiserswillprovidethisjoulemeterforthedurationoftheevent.Asecurity
depositmayberequiredforthejoulemeter.
Shell Eco-marathon
35
l) The joulemeter must be positioned so that its display can be easily read from
outsidethevehicle.
m) The joulemeter must be inaccessible to the Driver in his or her normal driving
position.
n) AllelectricalcircuitsmustbeprotectedasdefinedinArticle57:d).
o) Onthestartingline,FuelMarshalswillresetthejoulemetertozero,andthenthe
vehicleswillhaveaccesstothetracktostarttheirattemptunderthesamedistance
andtimeconditionsasspecifiedfortheirrespectivevehicleclass.
p) Atthefinishline,FuelMarshalswillreadthejoulemeterdisplay.
q) All Battery Electric vehicles which complete a successful run will be classified in
ascendingorderofenergyconsumed,expressedinkm/kWh.
r) AnadditionalaccessorybatteryasdefinedinArticle57:h)ispermitted.Itmustnot
be connected to the electric circuit(s) involving any power train components and
must only be used to power safety related components and only those systems
mentionedspecificallyinArticle57:.
Attention Rule Changes in 2013 and 2014

AsalreadymentionedintheForewordbeginningwiththe2013ShellEcomarathonseason
theOfficialRuleswillencouragetheintegrationofaPV(photovoltaic)elementinthebody
ofBatteryElectricvehicles.Aswerealisethatchangeslikethistaketimetoimplementand
may impact many teams technology strategy, we decided to only move to such a
combinedSolarBatteryElectricclassin2013.
In order to increase ontrack safety and maximise track opportunities in urban
environments it is currently planned to set the maximum turning radius for Prototype
vehiclesinEuropeto10mbutthischangewillonlytakeeffectin2014.
Shell Eco-marathon
36

Shell Eco-Marathon: Official Rules 2012

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Shell Eco-marathon

Official Rules 2012

Dear Shell Eco-marathon Competitors, Friends and Enthusiasts

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

a) As with any Motorsport activity there should be an understanding that certain

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Driver & Equipment

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Team Safety Equipment

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

i) The accessory battery is not allowed to power compressors, blowers, engine

Major fuel system components such as pressurised air bottle, pressure

Component voltage, current, and power ratings of major components.

Locations and ratings of all circuit protection devices.

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

A description of any battery(s) or ultra (super) capacitors being used in the

The Organisers reserve the right to request additional information from

Cell over-voltage protection limits.

Battery over-current limit.

Operation of cell balancing (how and when).

Battery over-temperature limit.

Battery operation when over-voltage, over-current or over-temperature

PV controller (MPPT), power and voltage ratings (if used).

4B - Internal Combustion Engines

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Through hydrogen detection as explained above

Through the emergency push-button located on the outside of the vehicle.

Through another emergency push-button, accessible by the pilot in driving

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

Attention Rule Changes in 2013 and 2014

Official Rules 2012 Chapter I

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