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BlaineSpecicSurfaceArea(Cementdensity)
1 Introducon:
CementnenessisexpressedeitherintermsofParcleSizeDistribuon(PSD)withresidues(orpassing)onreference
sievesorbyitsspecicsurfaceareainBlaine.
Inthispresentaon,wewilldeveloptheBlainemethodwhichisthemostwidelyusedintheworldofcement.
2 Cementdensies:
Thedensityisthefundamentalphysicalcharacteriscofthematerial.Densityisdenedbymassofa
unitvolumeofamaterialsubstance,expressedaskilogramspercubicmetre(orgr/cm3).
Inthecaseofcementoranypowderonemustconsidertwodensies:
*bulkdensity
*absolutedensity
Somereminders:
Let'stakeavolumeVofcement
With:
VV=volumeofvoids=air
VS=volumeofthesolidphase
ThetotalmassMiscomposedof:
With:
MV=massofvoids0
MS=massofthesolidphase
Thebulkdensityisdenedby:
Andtheabsolutedensityby:
Andconsequentlytheporosityby:
Andthecompactnessby:
CementdensityisusuallydeterminedbyPycnometricMethod(orLeChatelierdensimeter).
Thismethoddeterminestheraooftheweightofaunitvolumeofthesampleataspeciedtemperature
totheweightofaunitvolumeofalcoholatthesametemperature.
Bulkdensityofacementnelygroundcanvarybetween830and1650kg/m3dependingonitshandling.
Absolutedensityofcementisaround3150kg/m3.
Porositycanbedeterminedwithvariouslaboratorymethodslike:
*Opcalmethod
*Mercuryinjeconmethod
*Gasexpansionmethod
*Imbibionmethod(seeASTMC642)
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3 BlaineandAirPermeabilityMethod:
3 BlaineandAirPermeabilityMethod:
Thenenessofcementismeasuredasspecicsurface.
Specicsurfaceisexpressedasthetotalsurfaceareainsquarecenmetersofallthecementparclesinonegramofcement.
Uniesusedaregenerally:cm2/grandalsom2/kg
Thehigherthespecicsurfaceis,thenercementwillbe.
ThetablebelowgivestheusualBlainevaluesfordierentmaterials:
TheairpermeabilitymethodisusedandcommonlycalledBlainemethod.
3.1. PrincipleoftheBlainemethod:
Theprincipleofairpermeabilitymethodistodeterminethemetakenforaxedquantyofairtoowthrougha
compactedcementbedofspecieddimensionandporosity.
Understandardcondions,thespecicsurfaceareaofcementisproporonaltothesquarerootofmeT.
WhereTisthemeforgivenquantyofairtoowthroughthecompactedcementbed.
Thenumberandsizerangeofindividualporesinthespeciedbedaredeterminedbythecementparclesizedistribuon
whichalsodeterminedthemeforthespeciedairow.
Thismethodiscomparaveandthereforeareferencesampleofknownspecicsurfaceareaisrequiredtocalibrate
theapparatus.
LinktoseetheASTMStandardTestMethod:
p://p.ecn.purdue.edu/olek/PTanikela/To%20Prof.%20Olek/ASTM%20standards/blaine%20neness%20ASTM%20C%20204.pdf
Sketchoftheapparatus:
PictureofaBlaineapparatus:
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3.2. Determinaonoftheamountofthecementsample:
Fillthecellwithmercuryandweighthemercury.
Compact2,8grofcementinthecellwiththeplunger.
Filltheremainingvolumeofthecellwithmercury.
Calculatethevolumeofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:
Where:
W1isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtollthecellwithoutcement
W2isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtolltheporonofthecellnotoccupiedbythecementbed
Dmisthedensityofmercuryatthetesttemperaturewiththefollowingtable:
Repeatthisprocedure2mestohaveabeervolumeesmaon(dierence<0,005cm3).
Calculatetheweightofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:
3.5. Result:
ThefollowinggeneralformulaisusedtocalculatetheBlainevalueofthecementtobetested:
Where:
Wistheweightofthecementsamplerequiredingrams
istheabsolutecementdensity=3,15gr/cm3
Visthevolumeofthecementsample(seehereabove)incm3
nistheporosity(mustbe0,50,005)
3.3. CalibraonoftheBlaineapparatus:
Useareferencecementofknownspecicsurface.
FillthecellwiththeweightWdenedhereaboveandcompactwiththeplunger
Calculatethemetakenbytheairtoowthecementbed.
Thisproceduremustberepeated3meswith3samples.
CalculatetheaveragemeT0
CalculatetheBlaineFactorBFwiththefollowingformula:
Where:
KistheBlainefactor
S0isthespecicsurfaceareainBlaine(cm2/gr)ofthereferencesample
T0istheaverageme(seehereabove)
3.4. Testitself:
Theprocedureisthesameasthereferencesample(seehereabove).
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SisthespecicsurfaceBlaine
KistheBlainefactor
nistheporosity
Tistheaveragemeofthreetests
0istheairviscosityduringthetestofthereferencesample
istheairviscosityduringthetest
Iftheporosityisthesame,theformulabecomes:
Where:
Ifteststemperaturesareinthesamerangeof3C,theformulabecomes:
4 Example:
5 OnlineBlaineAnalyser
Theseinstallaonsareworkingonthesameprincipleofthecementbedtesngbutareconnectedwith
anautomacsamplingdevice
Exampleofasupplier:AB800fromFLSmidth
6 Blainecalculator:
Thiscalculatorisavailablehere:
7 Blainevsresidues:
Thispresentaonisavailablehere:
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