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BlaineSpecicSurfaceArea(Cementdensity)

1 Introducon:

CementnenessisexpressedeitherintermsofParcleSizeDistribuon(PSD)withresidues(orpassing)onreference
sievesorbyitsspecicsurfaceareainBlaine.

Inthispresentaon,wewilldeveloptheBlainemethodwhichisthemostwidelyusedintheworldofcement.

2 Cementdensies:

Thedensityisthefundamentalphysicalcharacteriscofthematerial.Densityisdenedbymassofa

unitvolumeofamaterialsubstance,expressedaskilogramspercubicmetre(orgr/cm3).
Inthecaseofcementoranypowderonemustconsidertwodensies:

*bulkdensity

*absolutedensity

Somereminders:

Let'stakeavolumeVofcement

With:

VV=volumeofvoids=air
VS=volumeofthesolidphase
ThetotalmassMiscomposedof:

With:

MV=massofvoids0

MS=massofthesolidphase

Thebulkdensityisdenedby:

Andtheabsolutedensityby:

Andconsequentlytheporosityby:


Andthecompactnessby:

CementdensityisusuallydeterminedbyPycnometricMethod(orLeChatelierdensimeter).
Thismethoddeterminestheraooftheweightofaunitvolumeofthesampleataspeciedtemperature
totheweightofaunitvolumeofalcoholatthesametemperature.

Bulkdensityofacementnelygroundcanvarybetween830and1650kg/m3dependingonitshandling.
Absolutedensityofcementisaround3150kg/m3.

Porositycanbedeterminedwithvariouslaboratorymethodslike:

*Opcalmethod

*Mercuryinjeconmethod

*Gasexpansionmethod

*Imbibionmethod(seeASTMC642)

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3 BlaineandAirPermeabilityMethod:

3 BlaineandAirPermeabilityMethod:

Thenenessofcementismeasuredasspecicsurface.


Specicsurfaceisexpressedasthetotalsurfaceareainsquarecenmetersofallthecementparclesinonegramofcement.

Uniesusedaregenerally:cm2/grandalsom2/kg

Thehigherthespecicsurfaceis,thenercementwillbe.

ThetablebelowgivestheusualBlainevaluesfordierentmaterials:

TheairpermeabilitymethodisusedandcommonlycalledBlainemethod.

3.1. PrincipleoftheBlainemethod:

Theprincipleofairpermeabilitymethodistodeterminethemetakenforaxedquantyofairtoowthrougha

compactedcementbedofspecieddimensionandporosity.

Understandardcondions,thespecicsurfaceareaofcementisproporonaltothesquarerootofmeT.

WhereTisthemeforgivenquantyofairtoowthroughthecompactedcementbed.

Thenumberandsizerangeofindividualporesinthespeciedbedaredeterminedbythecementparclesizedistribuon

whichalsodeterminedthemeforthespeciedairow.

Thismethodiscomparaveandthereforeareferencesampleofknownspecicsurfaceareaisrequiredtocalibrate

theapparatus.

LinktoseetheASTMStandardTestMethod:

p://p.ecn.purdue.edu/olek/PTanikela/To%20Prof.%20Olek/ASTM%20standards/blaine%20neness%20ASTM%20C%20204.pdf

Sketchoftheapparatus:

PictureofaBlaineapparatus:

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3.2. Determinaonoftheamountofthecementsample:

Fillthecellwithmercuryandweighthemercury.

Compact2,8grofcementinthecellwiththeplunger.

Filltheremainingvolumeofthecellwithmercury.

Calculatethevolumeofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:

Where:

W1isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtollthecellwithoutcement

W2isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtolltheporonofthecellnotoccupiedbythecementbed
Dmisthedensityofmercuryatthetesttemperaturewiththefollowingtable:

Repeatthisprocedure2mestohaveabeervolumeesmaon(dierence<0,005cm3).
Calculatetheweightofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:

3.5. Result:


ThefollowinggeneralformulaisusedtocalculatetheBlainevalueofthecementtobetested:

Where:

Wistheweightofthecementsamplerequiredingrams
istheabsolutecementdensity=3,15gr/cm3

Visthevolumeofthecementsample(seehereabove)incm3

nistheporosity(mustbe0,50,005)

3.3. CalibraonoftheBlaineapparatus:

Useareferencecementofknownspecicsurface.

FillthecellwiththeweightWdenedhereaboveandcompactwiththeplunger

Calculatethemetakenbytheairtoowthecementbed.

Thisproceduremustberepeated3meswith3samples.

CalculatetheaveragemeT0

CalculatetheBlaineFactorBFwiththefollowingformula:

Where:

KistheBlainefactor

S0isthespecicsurfaceareainBlaine(cm2/gr)ofthereferencesample
T0istheaverageme(seehereabove)

3.4. Testitself:


Theprocedureisthesameasthereferencesample(seehereabove).

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SisthespecicsurfaceBlaine

KistheBlainefactor

nistheporosity

Tistheaveragemeofthreetests

0istheairviscosityduringthetestofthereferencesample
istheairviscosityduringthetest

Iftheporosityisthesame,theformulabecomes:

Where:


Ifteststemperaturesareinthesamerangeof3C,theformulabecomes:





4 Example:

5 OnlineBlaineAnalyser

Theseinstallaonsareworkingonthesameprincipleofthecementbedtesngbutareconnectedwith
anautomacsamplingdevice

Exampleofasupplier:AB800fromFLSmidth

6 Blainecalculator:


Thiscalculatorisavailablehere:

7 Blainevsresidues:


Thispresentaonisavailablehere:

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