Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................2

Apparatus Details/Equipment specifications....................................................................................................2

Experiments.....................................................................................................................................................2
3.1

Aim of the experiment.............................................................................................................................2

3.2

Theory related to the experiment..............................................................................................................3

3.3

Experimental Procedure...........................................................................................................................3

3.4

Observation table.....................................................................................................................................4

3.5

MATLAB code.........................................................................................................................................6

3.6

Calculations..............................................................................................................................................7

3.7

Comparison of results..............................................................................................................................8

Conclusions & Discussions..............................................................................................................................8

Reference.........................................................................................................................................................8

Introduction

In this laboratory session, different modes of vibration were studied for a cantilever beam. Frequency and time
domain analysis was done along with LabViewVI creation.

Apparatus Details/Equipment specifications

Table 1: Technical details of apparatus use

Apparatus
Cantilever beam

Technical Details
1.17mm high x27.15 mm front to back x225 mm long
E= 70GPa, Poissons ratio= 0.35, density= 2700kg/m3

Piezoelectric sensor, actuator,

Experiments

3.1

Aim of the experiment

The aim of the experiment is to find regions of maximum strain energy and the damping ratio of a cantilever
beam with the following analysis:

Modelling and Abaqus simulation.

Plot of mode shape and modal strain energy.
Virtual Interface creation in LabView.
Time domain and frequency analysis to determine damping ratio.

3.2

Theory related to the experiment

Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

"Passive vibration isolation" refers to vibration isolation or mitigation of vibrations by passive techniques such as
rubber pads or mechanical springs, as opposed to "active vibration isolation" or "electronic force cancellation"
employing electric power, sensors, actuators, and control systems. [2]
Vibrations accompany us everywhere and in most cases these vibrations are undesirable. The vibration of cars
and carriages, motors and machine tools, oil and gas platforms, buildings and constructions in a zone of seismic
activity or industrial area, undesirable vibrations of laboratory tables (especially optical), setups, etc. In all these
cases an object has to be isolated from the source of vibrations. Despite of all constructional distinctions the
essences of vibration isolation systems are identical. The passive vibration isolation system consists of a spring
and damper (Viscoelastic patches or dash-pot). The spring is intended to soften vibrations and pushes, and
damper (Viscoelastic patches) has to terminate the oscillation which is excited in system. The active system uses
also accelerometers and electromagnetic drivers which allows higher degree of vibration isolation to be achieved.
[1]

Logarithmic decrement Method:

Logarithmic decrement method is used to find the damping ratio of an under damped system in the time
domain.

Damping ratio,

x1
x n+1
2 n

ln

Half Power Method:

In the frequency- amplitude plot, there is a peak amplitude (A) corresponding to natural frequency ( n) of the
system.
And there will be two frequencies corresponding to A/ 2

value of amplitude (say 1 and 2).

Therefore by half power method,

1
1
= = 2
2Q
2 n
Where, Q= Quality factor and

3.3

= damping ratio of the system.

Experimental Procedure

1. Theoretical value of strains was observed using the Finite Element Analysis in Abaqus for first and
second mode of harmonics of aluminium cantilever beam with proper modelling and simulation.
2. All the setup for Data Acquisition was made ready with connection with piezoelectric sensor, DAQ
system, actuator and Computer.
3. VI interface was created in LabView with proper connection diagrams/circuit for Data acquisition and
signal processing.
4. Cantilever beam was mounted in the setup and was given small disturbance through a hammer.
5. Time domain data was collected i.e. amplitude-time table.
6. Viscoelastic patches were put at different locations (determined from finite element simulation) and
observed the changes in amplitude i.e. vibration control.
7. Abaqus simulation was done and the results of frequency was compared with that of theoretical and
experimental values.
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Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

3.4

Observation table
Abaqus Simulation results for 1stmode of vibration:

Abaqus simulation image of Cantilever beam, n= 116.736.

Abaqus Simulation results for 2ndmode of vibration:

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Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

Abaqus simulation image of cantilever beam, n = 731.52 rpm.

Snapshot of VI interface creation in LabView

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Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

Experimentally obtained Time domain plot

3.5

MATLAB code

Time Domain Analysis

Logarithmic decrement method:
MATLAB Code:
A=xlsread('F:\Semester6\Noise and Vibration\Lab\vibration\cantilever expt\g6A\Data.xlsx');
b=A(:,1);
c=A(:,2);
[m,n]= size(A);
plot(b,c);
index=0;
for j=1:200:50000
max=0;
fori=17+j:217+j
if c(i) > max
max = c(i);
end
end
index=index+1
max
end

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Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

Frequency Domain Analysis

A=xlsread('F:\Semester6\Noise and Vibration\Lab\vibration\cantilever expt\g6A\Data.xlsx');
b=A(:,1);
c=A(:,2);
[m,n]= size(A);
conv=abs(fft(c));
conv=conv(1:m/2);
plot(conv)
fori=401:1:550
score(i-400)=conv(i)
end
maxscore=max(score)
fval= maxscore/power(2,0.5);
prevread=0;
fori=1:1:150
if(score(i)-fval)>0
score(i)
fval=1000000;
end
end
fval= maxscore/power(2,0.5);
fori=1:1:150
if (score(i)-fval)*(prevread-fval)<=0
disp(score(i))
end
prevread=score(i);
if score(i) == maxscore
disp(score(i))
disp(i)
end
end

3.6

Calculations

Time Domain Analysis

Logarithmic decrement Method:

=
=

x1
x n+1
2 n

ln

10.7513
2.7414
2 20

ln

= 0.011

Frequency Domain Analysis

Half Power Method:

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Passive Vibration control of Cantilever beam

2 1
2 n

32.801632.104
232

3.7

= 0.0109

Comparison of results
Method
Time Domain Analysis
Frequency Domain Analysis

Conclusions & Discussions

Damping ratio ()
0.011
0.0109

As per the Finite Element Simulation, different regions have different value of strain/strain energy.
Since attaching a dash-pot is not compatible with a cantilever beam, so a thin patch of Viscoelastic
material should be attached to the regions which is more prone to damage due to vibration i.e. those
regions where the strain/ strain energy is maximum (as shown by the results of abaqus simulations).
Experimentally determined values of damping ratio is slightly different in the two methods of analysis
and found to be 0.011 and 0.0109 in time domain and frequency domain analysis.

Reference
1. http://physics-animations.com/Physics/English/spri_txt.htm.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration_isolation.
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_decrement.

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