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Annotated Bibliography

How is Social Media Affecting Teens in Society Today?

Ria Mahajan
Professor Malcolm Campbell
English 1103
October 23, 2016

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Beyens, Ine, Eline Frison, and Steven Eggermont. "I DonT Want To Miss A Thing:
Adolescents Fear Of Missing Out And Its Relationship To Adolescents Social Needs,
Facebook Use, And Facebook Related Stress." Computers In Human Behavior 64.(2016):
1-8. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Oct. 2016.
This journal discusses why teenagers spend an exuberant amount of time on social media
websites such as Facebook. One of the reasons mentioned is fear of missing out or also known as
FOMO. Individuals who fear to miss out on social opportunities want to stay continually
connected with others and updated about what others are doing. Teenagers who fear to miss out
on events, in turn, likely drives their Facebook use, as Facebook enables adolescents to stay
continually connected with their peers. The article also suggests FOMO can take a negative toll
on psychological health. Constant fear of missing events can cause anxiety and depression,
especially for teens. The feelings of stress these teenagers likely experience when they feel that
they do not belong to their peers or feel that they are not popular among their peers are
noticeable, since teens can easily be socially excluded by their peers. The article expands on the
effects by providing examples on how not being invited to a peers upcoming event on Facebook
or not being perceived as popular by their peers on Facebook can stress teenagers out. In the end,
the results mentioned in this journal emphasize the important role that FOMO plays in
adolescents media use and well-being.
This article was a peer review journal posted in the Computers in Human Behavior by
Elsevier. Although the information is reliable and very helpful for my topic, its biased because it
only highlights the negative aspects of social media and they effect is has on teenagers. The
amount of research this peer review journal has on FOMO is very useful for my topic because it
is one of the points I will talk about in my essay. Because this is a peer review journal, I now

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have access to multiple essays and articles that all discuss what FOMO is and how it harms
teenagers in modern society. With these results, I can go more in depth on how the advancement
of social media has affected FOMO changed and changed over time. This source is very helpful
in my research as it gives me a lot of information about the negative and effects of social media
on teens.

East, Susie. "How Does Social Media Affect Your Brain." CNN. Cable News Network, 1 Aug.
2016. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
This article by Susie East, shows how social media has become second nature and what
impact it has on teenagers brains. Susie goes on to explain a research done by UCLA that used a
fMRI scanner to image the brains of 32 teenagers as they used a social media app that resembled
Instagram. By watching the activity inside different regions of the brain as the teens used the
app, the team found certain regions became activated by "likes", with the brain's reward center
becoming especially active. The UCLA team found that the Scans revealed that the nucleus
accumbens, a part of the brain's reward circuitry, was especially active when teens saw a large
number of likes on their own photos, which could inspire them to use social media more often.
Susie also expands on the article explaining why multitasking is not the best and how you dont
retain much information. "It's completely obvious that you can't multitask and be as effective and
competent, she states. When it comes to consuming media on screens, including laptops.
smartphones and tablets, teens, on average, spend more than six and a half hours on screens.
Susie East concludes her article by stating that "I just think that it should be a complete wake-up
call to every teenager, parent, policymaker, business person (and) tech industry person that the
reshaping of our media tech landscape is first and foremost affecting young people's lives.

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Susie East is an associate producer in digital video and has been working for CNN for
over a year now. In CNN's Digital Video section, she sources, edits, and publishes videos to
capitalize on trending topics. As a video journalist, she has also produced original content for the
website, organizing shoots and conducting interviews on location. Her article did a great job
explaining how social media affects the brain and brain development. This information is very
useful for my topic because it focuses on the negative aspects of social media on teenagers and
this article does a good job with showing how too much exposure to social media has a negative
impact. Even though this article is slightly biased, it does provide counter arguments which show
both sides of an argument. From this article, I have learned how much time teenagers actually
spend on social media throughout the day and the results are amazing. I will definitely be using
this source in my essay.

Ehmke, Rachel. "How Using Social Media Affects Teenagers. Child Mind Institute." Child Mind
Institute. N.p., 12 Aug. 2015. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
Rachel Echmke, a senior editor at the Child Mind Institute, discusses in her article how
social media affects teenagers. Teenagers are masters at keeping themselves occupied from after
school until way past bedtime. When theyre not doing their homework, theyre online and on
their phones, texting, sharing, trolling, scrolling, you name it. Echmke mentions that before
everyone had an Instagram account, teens kept themselves busy by hanging out in the mall in
person. Now, due to the craze of social media, teenagers are failing in real-time interactions and
missing out on direct conversations with their peers. Modern teens are learning to do most of
their communication while looking at a screen, not another person. Echmke also offers advice on
how to lower the risk of all the indirect communication that takes place by simply talking to one

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another. If teens arent getting enough practice relating to people and getting their needs met in
person and in real time, many of them will grow up to be adults who are anxious about means of
communicationtalking.
Rachel Echmke does an excellent job reaching out to parents who dont understand the
affects social media is having on their kids. Although Echmke focuses mainly on the negative
effects of social media, she mentions the positive effects and how they can help lower the risk of
indirect communication. This information is very useful for my topic because Im writing about
how social media is affecting teens today and one of my points is how it affects face to face
communication. With this article from the Child Mind Institute, I can cite examples of
observations Echmke made of teenagers in the mall and how they communicate with one
another. Compared to other sources, Echmke focuses on one issue that social media has on
teenagers compared to a broad reason on why social media is bad.

Graham, Allison. " How Social Media Makes Us Unsocial." TED. Nov. 2014. Lecture. Web. 16
Oct. 2016.
This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED
Conferences. Social Media historian Allison Graham offers a witty and ironic view of a society
that feels alone together despite the hundreds of virtual connections we have online. With a
global population growing up via Facebook and Twitter and a perceptible shift in human
interpersonal connections, the constant need for social self-validation fills our daily existence.
Time and time again, we see a group of friends or a family on their smartphones whereas true
social moments should be cherished. Graham emphasizes on how we should all unplug when

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hanging out with our loved-ones because theyre the folks that make us feel good. While
Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are all seemingly useful tools for keeping in touch with friends
and family, social media might be causing us to forget the value of memory. According to
research done by Graham, we touch our phone 150 times per day. This talk is a plea to stop
being hooked on our devices and do social the right way. This talk shares the funny and revealing
insights of a life lived online and how social media is used to connect and disconnect us.
A graduate of Southern Methodist University, Graham has worked all over the country
and globe talking about social media and how it affects the world around us. Allison has worked
for Artisan Entertainment, Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, Warner Brothers, New Line
Cinema, 20th Century Fox, Miramax and DreamWorks SKG as Assistant Director, Production
Manager, and Producer. She was also the key business strategists behind The Blair Witch
Franchise marketing campaigns, leading the team responsible for revolutionizing the way the
Internet and film marketing were viewed. Since the TED Talk was only 20 minutes long, I wasnt
able to get a lot of information. However, the information that she mentioned was very helpful
and reliable because of her background and the amount of research she has done. I will definitely
be using her in my paper because elaborates on both the pros and cons of social media but also
focuses mainly on how social media is causing society to become unsocial. This will be
beneficial in my essay because Im focusing on the negative effects of social media on teenagers
and this will only strengthen my argument on how face to face communication is disrupted.

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