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Creada mediante Ley Publicada en el registro Oficial 261 del 7 de Febrero del 2001
The soils are the product of the wear or disintegration of the rocks of the
earth's crust, due to the atmospheric agents and to the different physicalchemical processes in nature. There are soils whose ages go back to billions of
years, while others - deposits are more recent, although all have suffered in the
course of time erosions, leaks, mutations, landslides, compaction, drainage or
many other effects that give them the Current characteristics, which also
continue to evolve more or less slowly.
By soil is meant any deposit of disintegrated but intimately associated mineral
and organic particles belonging to the rocky mantle of the lithosphere, which
have different degrees of cohesion and intermolecular forces that keep them
bound. Generally, in all soils, such as gravel, sand, silt, and clays, these
particles have been deposited over the centuries by glaciers, by alluvial
sediments in the two and by seafarers on the shores of the coasts, or
transported by wind.
Rocks, on the other hand, are formed by minerals and other hardened solid
substances, and can only be excavated by drills, wedges or explosives.
NAME: ENRIQUEZ VITERI LENIN
COURSE: 4TH
A2
However, there is no net boundary that differentiates soils and rocks, since
certain types of soils, after a prolonged period of time, can be consolidated into
rocks, and the rocks in turn can disintegrate and form soils with their particles
Sprayed. In fact, most of the soils were originally rocks that weather and
climatic effects disintegrated progressively. This is demonstrated in the
laboratory with pieces of calcareous rock, which can disintegrate first in sand
particles, and then in smaller ones such as silts and clays.
However, as nature transforms the rocks into soils, multiple changes and
chemical reactions occur simultaneously which are impossible to reproduce in
the laboratory in a short time, so that the soils obtained from the rock
disintegration In an artificial form, generally differ from those resulting from
natural processes. In general, in order to establish a difference between soils
and rocks, it is generally understood that all soil with sufficient hardness and
strength to require mechanical penetration procedures when drilled, and by
soils, those that allow to be excavated by hand, removed, compacted, Drained,
etc.
Soils are an inexhaustible topic of research and study for different branches of
science, such as geology, agronomy and mineralogy. From the point of view of
civil engineering, the soil is analyzed under the following aspects:
- As a support base for all types of buildings
-In the form of mass or slope that must be contained
- Fulfilling the function of building material
As a general rule, everything that is built is supported directly or indirectly by
the ground - foundation. Regardless of the size or function of a building, its
shape or geographical location, it must support the tenor that sustains it. It
must withstand all the loads transmitted by the columns and walls through its
bases, such as permanent loads, mobile overloads, the weight of fluids or
stored granular materials, wind loads, earthquake, vibration, impact , Etc.,
ensuring the stability of the whole and a correct interaction groundfoundations-superstructure, as well as the smooth operation of the facilities
and auxiliary auxiliary services.
In the second case, when excavations and underground work or on slopes and
embankments, the soil may suffer landslides that affect its stability and that of
other neighboring buildings, or endanger the safety of people or property. For
this reason, structures capable of containing it must be designed, giving
adequate lateral support to prevent the collapse of the unstable ground pot.
In addition, as a construction material, the soil has served since ancient times
to erect monuments, erect tombs, build dams, form embankments and many
NAME: ENRIQUEZ VITERI LENIN
COURSE: 4TH
A2
other uses. Also in the form of blocks or bricks dried in the sun, houses, roads,
walls, vaults, dams, aqueducts, tunnels, etc. have been constructed. With
various purposes of shelter, recreation, circulation, management and supply.