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DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

BY PRATEEK VYAS
SAP 500046747

Introduction To Directional Drilling

Development of directional drilling started from 1920.


Directional drilling refers to all activities that are required to design and
drill a well bore to reach target or targets.
The purpose of directional drilling is to connect the surface location with
oil/gas reservoirs that are not located right below it.
They are used in environmentally sensitive location.
They are also used to bypass a portion of vertical well that is impossible to
drill.
Many geothermal projects involve drilling directional wells in hot hard
rocks such as granite and other igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Civil engineers frequently use directional-drilling techniques for drilling
under rivers, highways, and other obstacles.

Applications of Directional Drilling

Directional Well Profile

We are not allowed to


follow any type of
trajectory
There are three types of 2D
well Trajectories.

Type-1 (Slant Well)

Type-2 (S-shape pattern)

Type-3 (ContinuousBuilt trajectory)

Directional Well Profile

Designer have
to design the
trajectory by
combining the
types in order
to reach from
surface to
reservoir.

Tools For Deviating Well-Bore

The Major Deviating Tools are

Whip stocks

Jet Bits

Down hole hydraulic motor

Pilot bit

(used after deviation)

Stabilizer

(used after deviation)

Whip stocks

Whip stock is a wedge-shaped steel casting with a tapered


concave groove down one side.
It is used to give the required angle to pipe and bit or
simply deviation.
There are two types of Whip- stocks

Fixed Whip stock stay in the hole forever.

Removable take out along with drill string.

Whip stocks

Jet Bit

Jet bits are used where


formations are very soft.
It contain a nozzle of
greater diameter than
other.
Bigger nozzle is oriented
at some angle which is
used for deviation.

Downhole Drilling Motors

Down hole motor rotate only the drill bit rather


than the entire drill String.

It is driven by the mud flow

They are of two type

Turbo drill

Positive displacement motor

The kinetic energy of drilling fluid flow convert


into kinetic energy of the rotor.

Turbo Drill

Horizontal Well

A well with an inclination angle of 90 degrees from


the vertical.
They are of three types

Short radius

Medium radius.

Long radius.

Horizontal wells

Multilateral wells

A multilateral well has a combination of horizontal


and vertical well that are originate from a main
well called mother well.

Advantages of multilateral wells

Increased production from a single well due to


increased reservoir exposure
Accelerated production
Reduction of surface well equipment and surface
facility costs
Multi-laterals provide flexible selectivity and easy
monitoring of oil and gas wells
Avoiding expensive future re-drills.

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