Contents

Feedback

Events
- SPE Mentor Circle
- PETROSPACE
- HTRI Workshop
- Guest Lecture Dr. Basudev Mohanty
- SPE WEEK 2.0
- Guest Lecture Dr. Mikhil Gandhi
- SPE BONDING
- SPE SMILE CAMPAIGN

12

Technical Articles
-Generating Electricity Using Co-produced Water From oil & gas Wells: Pilot Study in Kalol Field, North Cambay
Basin, Gujarat.
- OIL is not WELL- A stressed world to talk about

19

Future Endeavors

An official Publication of

Team
Faculty Advisor
Dr. Anirbid Sircar

Designing & Content

Palash Dhurvey
Kartikey Mishra
Ashwith Kyatham
Deepali Gupta

MESSAGE FROM SPE PDPU SC

The hiatus gets over here with the first issue of
. Amiable greetings to our
readers and reviewers. It is a matter of colossal pride for us to bring up our official
magazine. It is the immense pleasure to share laurel with all our readers, reviewers
and connoisseurs.
will, stand as an important medium of connection
between all the affairs of the Chapter and our beholders. It is actually gratifying
to receive appreciation and accolades from different quarters of industry and
academia. This edition of
includes all the activities organised by the chapter
in the past 4 months. We sincerely hope that you would appreciate our
endeavors and find this issue worthwhile. We humbly beseech your feedbacks.
Best Regards
SPE PDPU SC

A Special thanks to Designing and Content Team.

FEEDBACK
I am privileged to share my views for this edition of SPE Orbit, an
outcome of SPE Students Chapter of Pandit Deendayal
Petroleum University. After months of anticipation, preparation,
and announcements that were meant to prepare for this
edition, I am proud to welcome all the readers to this edition of
SPE Orbit.
Mr. Sanjay Parulkar
Secretary
The year 2015 has been unusual for E&P industry. The dipping
SPE India Section

crude oil prices has been a challenge for almost all the E&P
companies and the budding Petroleum Engineers too. I happened to be present
at various events organized by SPE Student Chapter of PDPU during last couple of
years. I will never forget it and what comes to mind now that I think of it is; a very
professional approach in organizing such events of high standard.
In my views the SPE Student Chapter at PDPU is the most vibrant chapter I have
come across. It recently organized PDPU SPE FEST 2015, a technical fest pertaining
to Oil & Gas industry, with tremendous success. There was participation of the
brightest minds from colleges across the country with around 300 participants for
expanding the horizon towards revolutionary future. The fest included technical as
well as non-technical competitions, judged by industry veterans, experts and
college alumni. I wish they are declared the Outstanding Student Chapter by SPE
International.
Students play the most vital and important role in nation building. They create
new inventions using best engineered technologies to make human life more
comfortable, secure and productive. PDPU has excellent potential to grow in
diversified areas and excel in Engineering and Management fields.
At the outset I send my greetings to the Editorial Board of SPE Orbit. I believe this
magazine will provide the benchmark for continued improvement in overall
development of the College. This magazine should be a good source of
guidance for faculty and coming batches of students in choosing activities of
their choice in their future for building their careers. I appreciate the efforts of the
Editorial team who have done an excellent job in compiling SPE activities over the
year and disseminate them through this Magazine.
With Love, and Gratitude
Sanjay Parulkar
Secretary-SPE India Section

EVENTS
SPE MENTOR CIRCLE
With the motive to stay connected
with our alumni, interact with them for
their precious words about various
decisions to be taken in the coming
years and for career guidance, SPE
PDPU Student Chapter launched SPE
Mentor Circle - an Alumni-Student and
Peer Mentorship Program. This is a
program which connects alumnis to
final and pre-final year students and
the sophomores. This program took its
shape on 23rd January 2016 during
Alumni Meet which was an approach
to bring together all the alumnis
under the same roof .This was a very
good medium to stay in touch with
the alumni and clear all the doubts
related to industry, higher studies and
career development. The program is
all about building a connection
between the alumni and the students
of the university. Each alumni is
allotted two final year students and
each of these final year students will
have some pre-final year students and
the same process will be continued to
the sophomores.

Thus all are connected with each and

every student directly or indirectly
building a strong network amongst
them.
There are nearly 200 alumni's involved in
this mentor circle .
Some of the benefits of this mentor
circle program are :
1. The sophomores , pre-final and final
year students have the equal
opportunity to get the career
guidance , career development , and
academic management suggestion.
2. An association between the alumni
and the students can be a chance to
make the industrial relations better and
stronger.
3. Alumni have the chance to
propose the talent of the students in the
various industries which could help the
students in getting an opportunity for
there future.
4. Career upgradation and
post - graduation issues can be easily
dealt .

PETROSPACE
SPE PDPU student chapter in association
with Kaarada drilling has organised one
of the most unorthodox events of the
year. The event was named as
"PETROSPACE".
"PETROSPACE" is the "National level
Technical Business Plan Competition".
Many of the petroleum graduates and
undergraduates have several ideas to
apply it on the present industry to make
many new changes in the present
scenario . So , in order to make your
idea successful SPE PDPU student
chapter has organised this rivalry to fulfill
the dreams of the young minds and to
make a clash of the opinions / ideas.

There were a total of four rounds , from

which the first round was successfully
completed . The first round named as
"Kya aap PITCHER Hai ? " dealt with the
basic introduction of the idea and the
team who is working on that idea which
had to be described in a 4-minute short
video . Students were judged on the
dynamics of the team as to why and
how did they decide to team up and
the basic idea of the plan. The plans
were realistic and many of those could
be executed eventually. There were
many ideas related to PE software , Big
data Analytic , Consulting model and
where the problem solving solution to
the petroleum industry.

HTRI Workshop
Society of Petroleum Engineers PDPU
Students Chapter organized HTRI
Workshop on HTRI Xchanger Educational
Suite Training (Design, Rating and
Simulation of Heat Transfer Equipment)
on 4th February 2016. The workshop was
conducted by Ms. Shreya Sahajpal at
PDPU campus. The workshop was
attended by more than 120 students
from final and pre-final year of
petroleum
engineering.
The workshop was conducted in two
sessions. The first session covered the
basic theory of Heat Transfer Equipment
and an introduction to HTRI Xchanger
Educational Suite. The topics covered in
the first session were Basics of Heat
Exchangers, Flow Arrangements,

Temperature Profile, Components of

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers (STHE),
and design basics The concept of Log
Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD),
Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure
Drop was explained to the participants.
The session post-lunch was conducted in
HTRI Lab. Session II was aimed at giving
the participants a hands-on experience
on the software. Ms. Sahajpal explained
the features of HTRI Xchanger
Educational Suite and also covered the
basic design methodology based on the
software. Participants were given a case
study and a sample case was run. The
workshop aimed at giving a practical
experience of designing a heat
exchanger to the students, and was
successfully completed.

GUEST LECTUREDr.Basudev Mohanty

SPE PDPU STUDENT CHAPTER, SCHOOL of the monopoly . He has also provided
OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY and the students that thinking of any process
SCHOOL OF PETROELUM MANAGEMENT makes the man more successful.
in association with Gujarat Gas has
successfully organised a distinguished
lecture on the topic City Gas
Distribution - Regulatory Challenges and
Issues" which was delivered by
Dr.Basudev
Mohanty. The lecture by
Dr.B.Mohanty has provided a deep
insight about the present day regulation
that is undertaken by both the
government and P NGRB. There are a lot
differences in the activities undertaken
by the both sectors thus leading to the
regulation

SPE WEEK 2.0

This week was organized from 22-26th
February and proved to be one of the
most successful event . The week was
full of technical and social event.
22nd-23rd Workshop by RELIANCE
The workshop had 2 different sessions
the first was on Shale gas : Drilling and
Completion, Second on RTOC.
24thBaker Hughes-Guest Lecture
This lecture was delivered by Mr. Suresh
Kumar on Oil & Gas Industry Facts,
Crisis and Opportunity, this lecture
witnessed a good audience and was
very beneficial for our members to get
the current industry insight.

25thCareer Building Workshop

This workshop was organized in
conjunction with Renaissance Leading
Coaching Institute with the aim of
providing our members a insight of
interviews during recruitment., and was
divided in 3 sessions i) Aptitude test ii)
Group discussion iii) and Personal
interview.
26th-Cleanliness Drive
It was an initiative by SPE PDPU SC in
support of Swacch Bharat Mission,
Committee members gathered together
and worked hard to clean the nearby
village and at the same time spreading
awareness among the villagers regarding
importance of sanitation and hygiene.

GUEST LECTURE-Dr.Mikhil Gandhi

The lecture was mainly focused on the
workover and completion job in drilling.
The students showed great enthusiasm
towards the lecture and attended it in
high number. More than 70 students
attended the lecture. The lecture
started with the discussion on workover.
He cleared the idea of workover and he
talked about how the workover is done
on drilling site. Then he talked about
Progressivecavity pump (PCP) systems.

He told that they are increasingly used

for artificial lift, and have been adapted
to a range of challenging lift situations
(e.g., heavy oil, high sand production,
gassy wells, directional or horizontal
wells). He explained that what is
completion job and why completion is a
crucial part of all drilling processes. He
shared his experiences and talked about
different situations which he had faced
during his job. He also talked about how
he solved those situations.

SPE BONDING
SPE Bonding was organized on 8th
March , all the former SPE officers of the
student chapter who are now holding
responsible places in the industry were

invited to share their knowledge and

experience, healthy discussions took
place on the development of the
chapter , as well as industry trends.

SPE SMILE CAMPAIGN

The SPE Committee is always up for a
social work, this time the committee
paired up with local NGO, which works on
the welfare of society, the project was for
the welfare of kids suffering from cancer ,

team went to GCS hospital in the city

and spent some time with the kids
and tried to bring a smile on the face
by various fun activities and make
them forget their pain for a while .

2nd International Conference on

Geothermal Energy
In the scenario of increasing
environmental pollution and dwindling
conventional resources, it becomes
prudent to explore and establish
alternate sustainable cleaner sources of
energy for satisfying human energy
needs. Moreover, the recent increase in
conventional fuel prices has resulted in
an increase in the interest to natural
source of energy such as geothermal
energy. Centre of Excellence in
Geothermal Energy (CEGE), under the
umbrella of Pandit Deendayal
Petroleum University is carrying out
exploration and exploitation activities of
geothermal energy in Gujarat, India.
CEGE along with support of SPE PDPU
Student Chapter organised an
International Conference on Geothermal
Energy: Exploration and Exploitation.

The conference was attended by

eminent researchers, stakeholders,
academicians and Scientists from India
and abroad. It was organized in
association with Energy and
Petrochemicals Department (EPD) and
Gujarat Power Corporation Limited
(GPCL). The principal sponsor of the
conference was ONGC Energy Centre
(OEC). Aimil Limited, Saket Engineering,
Petrofed, DEW and many
others also supported this event to
make it a grand success. The
conference was carried out in three
different sessions which included
presentations by various eminent
researchers in session 1, round table
conference as session 2 and finally
paper presentation in session 3.

Technical articles

Generating Electricity Using Co-produced Water From oil & gas Wells:
Pilot Study in Kalol Field, North Cambay Basin, Gujarat.
- Mudit Vajpayee, Petroleum Engineering, PDPU

A pilot study has been done over the

feasibility of applying this process in Kalol
Field, North Cambay Basin. Two wells,
KL-104 and KL-529 drilled in K-XII sand
were selected based on their high water
-cut and bottomhole temperature (BHT).
Reservoir temperature of K-XII sand is
820C at 1470m. Organic Rankine Cycle
Plant was proposed to utilise thermal
energy of their well fluid to generate
electricity. Study and compilation of all
possible factors that determine the
efficiency of this plant was carried out.
ORC plant uses a closed cycle to
generate electricity with n-pentane as
working fluid. Problems existing with the
use of coproduced fluids were identified
and their solutions developed. K-XII sand
of Kalol field has favorable reservoir
temperature and wells drilled in that
have good geothermal gradient for
application of this technology. Flow rate
of Co-produced hot water was 341
BOWPD from the two wells. From
wellhead, the well fluid stream passes to
Knock-Out Drum (KOD). After leaving
through Knock-Out Drum and Filters the
temperature of water was assumed to
be 670 C, decreasing a 10% from
estimated wellhead temperature of 750
C and 300C was set as rejection
temperature of fluid, exiting the ORC
plant. It was calculated that 25 KW of
electricity per day could be generated
using ORC plant which could be used to
offset on-field electricity consumption or
can be supplied to local grid. After the
success of pilot phase, this technology
could be up-scaled to apply on entire

Kalol field and we have developed a

complete methodology to determine
electricity generation potential of
entire Kalol field by application of this
technology. This paper will act as a
complete and comprehensive source
which discusses the entire aspects of
generating electricity using
coproduced water from oil & gas wells.
This can provide an attractive
payback at oil and gas sites where
cost of power leans on the higher side,
and where producers see the
environmental value in electricity from
waste heat, either as a public relations
benefit or acting on corporate social
responsibility metrics. If pilot phase is
successful then full scale project will
also help in development of the
maturing Kalol field.
I. COPRODUCED LOW TEMPERATURE
WATER HEAT RECOVERY PROCESS
This technology is applied only to
oil-wells with high water -cut,
high-temperature flows. From
wellhead, the well fluid stream passes
to Knock-Out Drum (KOD), which is the
primary separation vessel and then
through micro-filters (in this process it
suffers temperature loss). The hot water
is separated from the oil that it is
pumped from the well, and enters a
heat exchanger. In the heat
exchanger, the hot water excites
(pressurizes) the working fluid, which is
a n e nv i ro nm enta l l y a pp rov e d,
nonhazardous, non-toxic and
non-flammable fluid, driving the
twin-screw e x p a n d e r t o c r e a te

electricity. The twin screw expander

works on proven compressor
technology. The robustness of the screw
allows the admittance of wet vapour
through the expander, therefore
allowing access to lower temperature
resources. After the working fluid
expands across the twin screw expander
(spinning a generator) the low pressure
vapour must be condensed to a liquid
to begin the cycle again. Various
methods of condensing can be utilized;
a cooling tower, a direct air cooled
condenser, or even ground water has
been used. The condensing side of the
Organic Rankine Cycle Plant (ORC) for
this process can preferentially be an air
cooled condenser, eliminating the
extensive amount of fresh water usage
and maintenance expenses associated
with operating a cooling tower. The ORC
machine utilized here is a relatively small
unit, especially for oil-well application,
which allows for easy transport to
remote locations.
II. SELECTION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER PLANT
Owing to the variation in brine
temperatures, pressures, flow rate and
chemical compositions, it is crucial to
use advanced design methods and
apply optimization techniques for
fine-tuning plant design to exploit
low- and medium-temperature
co-produced geothermal resources
efficiently. The temperature, pressure
and chemical composition of the
g eo the rmal flui d, the rej ec ti on
temperature, the ambient temperature
and the maximum rate of energy
extraction that can be sustained without
a significant decrease of the water temperature in the reservoir are the
fundamental parameters that need to
be studied for selection of most
optimum ORC power plant.

A) Rejection Temperature: It is
necessary that the rejection
temperature should be high enough to
avoid silica oversaturation, which could
lead to silica scaling and serious fouling
problems in recovery heat exchangers,
and in mineral deposition in pipes and
valves (Grassiani, 2000). Considering
that lowenthalpy coproduced water
has temperatures between 70 and 110
C, it is difficult to use rejection
temperatures higher than 50-80 C as
too high rejection temperatures can
make the exploitation of such a system
unprofitable.
B) Brine Consumption or Flow Rate:
Coproduced water temperature covers
a wide range of temperatures (74-125
C) so that brine consumption of the
ORC
Plant, which is strongly dependent on
the thermodynamic and chemical
properties of the geofluid, lies in the
range from 120-200 GPM (7.6-12 l/s) for
each MW of electricity produced.
C. Ambient Temperature: If the condensation and ambient temperatures are
too close, the increase of power consumption in the cooling system will severely reduce the net power production
because the higher thermodynamic
performance of the recovery cycle is
negated by the increase in fan power
requirements.
D. Plant Efficiency: Efficiency depends
on plants Overall Delta: T (T) = TH TC.
The larger this number, the higher the
efficiency limit will be. Usually, it is
difficult to decrease the TC, as this is
driven by environmental factors, such as
air temperatures, cooling body temperatures, etc. TH, on the other hand, is
often subject to adjustment.
III. SELECTION OF WORKING FLUID
The selection of the working fluid is
based on thermodynamic considerations; i.e. on the thermophysical

properties of the geothermal and working fluids, as well as the heat recovery
cycle chosen. The common working
fluids include hydrocarbons (mainly
butane and pentane) and synthetic
refrigerants (mainly HFCs). The selected
working fluid should have good
thermodynamic properties like high
thermal efficiency, second law efficiency
and Net Work Out. The volumetric flow
rate and the working fluid viscosity should
be as low as possible. It is difficult to
choose a working fluid which could satisfy the requirements of both the maximum
output and the minimum investment at
the same time. But R152a and R143a are
suitable working fluids for the ORC power
plant. (Gao etal, 2012).
IV) METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE
ELECTRICITY GENERATION POTENTIAL
(USING COPRODUCED WATER FROM OIL
AND GAS WELLS) OF ANY OIL-FIELD
A. Oil-Gas Well Database Construction:
The first step in estimating the
coproduced-water resource potential is
to gather as many records on existing oil
and gas wells in the region as reasonably
possible. For this we can take help of
publicly available data from state agencies that track oil and gas activities.
Most states have a designated agency
that maintains publicly
available
databases on oil and gas wells that can
be obtained cost free or at a nominal
cost. If we know the geothermal gradient
of
the
area
then
additional
spot-checking
of
available
well
information can be performed by
excluding records of wells that have
Insufficient depth or are too shallow (too
low a temperature) to be viable
coproduced-electricity candidates. To
be included in the database, each well
should have a minimal set of data:
-Well depth
-Well location (latitude and longitude)

-Production volume (oil, gas, and/or

water)
Two most significant parameters for
estimating electricity potential of
co-produced water from oil and gas
well are:
1) Flow rate (coproduced water)
2)Reservoir temperature (wellhead
temp. of coproduced water) (Bennett
et al. 2012)
B. Estimating Co-produced Water
Production:
Many states collect and provide
water-production data on a per-well
basis, along with oil and gas
production. For areas in which this
i nf o rma ti o n i s a v ai l abl e , t he
coproduced-water data for each
well can directly be used to interpret
water production. The most-recent
production data available should be
used (the total water produced is not
a static number but varies from year
to year, relative to oil and
gas-production activity) For those
states that do not, but report the oil
and gas production on a per well
basis, the coproduced water can be
estimated with water/oil ratios (WORs)
and water/gas ratios (WGRs) (Veil and
Clark, 2009, Table 4 and pp. 37,
38). The volume of coproduced water
for a given well can be calculated by
multiplying the reported volume of oil
and/or gas produced from the well
by the corresponding WOR or WGR.
For the gas wells considered, if gas
production data are available on a
per-well basis, then the WGR can be
used to estimate the volume of water
coproduced from gas wells. Some
states do not provide oil and gas
production from individual wells, but
rather report it by field or county. In
these cases, the oil and gas
production can be divided evenly

among the active wells in the field or

county, and the water-production estimate derived from the WOR and WGR.
C. Estimating Co-produced Water Temperature: Well BHT is routinely recorded
on oil- and gas-well completion logs and
is available from paper well logs or electronic copies of the logs. This information
could be used to estimate the water
temperature from an oil and gas well.
However, in the absence of electronically available BHT data, a different approach can be used to estimate the
temperature of the water produced
from oil and gas wells. On the basis of
the location and depth of the well, the
temperature of the water from the well
can be estimated by assuming that the
produced water is at the same temperature as the formation at the total well
depth. And temperature-at-depth maps
or the geothermal gradient can be used
for temperature-at-depth estimates. But
co-produced water flow is just as, or
even more important than reservoir temperature (Bennett & Li, 2012) So in order
to increase the output of electricity potential from the coproduction, it is necessary to enhance total liquid production
or flow of coproduced water (Xin &
Liang, 2012). The results of increasing production rate or total liquid production
from wells is
a) Increased wellhead temperature of
co-produced water.
b) Increased oil production.
c) Decreased formation energy, but can
be compensated by reinjection.
D. Estimating Electricity Generation Potential:
The amount of electricity that can be
generated from a well depends not only
on the coproduced-water flow rate and
temperature, but also on the efficiency
of the ORC power plant in converting
thermal energy into electrical energy.

So to cover potential variabilities in efficiencies of the ORC plant installed at

different field, electricity potential must
be estimated using different models of
ORC. The model should give a good
realistic estimate of power-generation
potential and also account for practical operating limitations such as heatexchanger size (which, in part, determines the amount of heat that can be
extracted from the coproduced water
and thus its plant outlet temperature)
and the potential for scaling
(precipitation of dissolved solids in the
coproduced water Available Heat/
Thermal Power Available thermal power is the rate of BTUs/hr or KWth that is
continuously produced by the waste
heat source that is available to be
consumed in rig site itself or supplied to
local grid. Available thermal power is
related to the performance of the
ORC Power Plant because the Plant
converts thermal power into electricity. Calculating Available Thermal Power The available thermal power can
be calculated using the mass flow rate
of the fluid, specific thermal properties
of the fluid, and temperature difference between the hot exit temperature and cooler return temperature
(Delta T) from the heat source. This
Delta T is the temperature difference
between the hot water as it exits and
returns to the heat source.
V. CHALLENGES WITH CO-PRODUCED
FLUIDS AND
THEIR SOLUTIONS
A. Distributed Small Wells:
One obvious challenge is the small size
and distributed nature of the wells.
Typical oil production does not lend
itself to high volumes of water flows or
the desired 250F+ temperatures for
traditional Organic Rankine Cycle
technology. For this reason, large scale

power production at these heats and

flows is not an option, and has limited
the opportunities for power generation
at coproduced sites. High volumes of
water flows and 250F+ temperatures are
typically required for traditional Organic
Rankine
Cycle
technology,
but
unobtainable in smaller wells with low
temperatures and flows. Hence proper
designing of ORC plants that function
with hot water between 190- 240F is
needed. These machines may not be
suitable
for
large
scale
power
production (at these heats and flows),
but their small-scale, distributed power
generation matches the resource
requirements, and their power output
can range between 20-65kWe.
B. Geothermal Brine:
Corrosion and mineral build-up comes
naturally from geothermal brine being
pumped from the earth due to the
medium pH often related to the high
concentration of HCO3. These corrosive
fluids can cause build-up and scaling of
low-temperature minerals as wupatkiite,
magnesiocopiapite and alunogen etc.
in many heat exchangers, and require
constant heat exchanger cleaning that
takes extensive amounts of time, man
power and down time. A 2011
demonstration by Electratherm at
Mississippi oilfield showed that brazed
plate heat exchangers are not optimally
suited for brine as they have clogging
and stress corrosion cracking issues,
instead the addition of a similar plate
and frame heat exchanger would allow
material options, cleaning ability and
would extend heat exchanger life. The
use of a small metering pump to add a
scale inhibitor to the produced water
ahead of the Power Plant is another
possible solution.
C. Installation and Operation at Remote
Locations:

Oil and gas wells are littered across the

country, often in remote,
off-the-beaten path and with limited
access to roads or services. This proves
difficult and expensive for onsite
construction. Most operations located
on well sites require major machinery
that is large, heavy and immobile.
Moving equipment around and
adding ancillary machinery to remote
sites can be costly and not a high
priority for businesses whose primary
objective is
producing oil and natural gas.
Operating personnel and service
support are additional challenges at
remote locations. Without readily
accessible service technicians,
troubleshooting, added downtime and
travel can become costly.
D. Limitation of High Ambient
Temperature:
One of the greatest challenges is the
high ambient temperatures during
summers using air cooled condensing.
The high ambient temperatures
occasionally mixed with lower
temperature geothermal water or low
flows can equate to a lower system T,
a critical parameter for machine
efficiency and power generation. The
limited system T reduces power
output.
E. Economics:
Until now, the economics for power
generation off waste heat at the well
heads hasnt been attractive. Cost of
power in markets with oil and gas wells
can be very low, and ROI can wellexceed eight years; not attractive for
most oil and gas producers. Additionally, since the
primary task of oil and gas producers is
oil and gas production, generating
electricity off waste heat can fall behind on the list of priorities.

account practical operational or

economic factors. Conversely, the
resource estimate addresses only
active oil and gas wells. The total
number of wells (including inactive
wells) that could potentially be
re-engineered to produce electricity is
several times largerthis study did not
attempt to estimate the power
generation potential under any such
scenario. This indicates that additional
study and data on the actual
wellhead fluid temperatures are
needed to determine a more
accurate estimate of the
coproduction resource potential. The
majority of the coproduced resource
potential is in Kalol & Mehsana. A
more thorough study of its
coproduction resource with per well
t e m p e r a t u r e
a n d
water-volume data is needed. This
study shows that Co-produced
geothermal resource from oil and gas
wells can deliver near-term energy
savings, diminish greenhouse gas
emissions, extend the economic life of
oil and gas fields, and profitably utilize
oil and gas field infrastructure.
OIL is not WELL- A Stressed world to talk about

Review of the demonstration and cost

analysis speaks to the economic benefits
of the application. A study by
Electratherm concluded that the power
generation can offset about 20 percent
of the energy required to run the
down-hole pump on the oil well. This can
provide an attractive payback at oil and
gas sites where cost of power leans on
the higher side, and where producers
see the environmental value in electricity
from waste heat, either as a public
relations benefit or acting on corporate
social responsibility metrics.
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The purpose of this study was to develop
an order-of magnitude estimate of the
near-term
electricity
generation
potential of water coproduced as a
byproduct of oil and gas production. The
resource potential was calculated by
assuming that an ORC power plant is
incorporated into existing oil and gas
operations to take advantage of the
geothermal energy from coproduced
water. These estimates represent only the
resource potential and do not take into

- Nishant Mehta , Petroleum Engineering, PDPU

The Saudis may go public, OPECs in

chaos, the US is suddenly a biggest
producer of oil, and shale drillers are
seeking lifelines from investors as bank
abandon them. Welcome to oils new
world order, full of stresses, strains and
fractures. The declining oil price is no
doubt the biggest Energy Story of the
decade which is discussed again and
again at different levels. But the basics
come down to this: The free market of
America puts 4 million bbl. /day in the
short span of 4 years which threatened
Saudis market share.

In reply they open up their tap with the

support of Russia. The idea was to make
shale oil unaffordable at lower prize by
flooding oil markets with Saudi and
Russian oil. Theyd hoped that when this
is all over there wont be anything called
Shale Boom to be feared of. Saudis
and OPEC very well knew since the
beginning that it will cost them huge oil
revenue loss and reduce their stock pile
of forex reserves. But things are a bit
harder for Russia, largely dependent on
oil revenues and with little savings. But
the opportunity was that if they sustain
long enough at low oil price it will break
down the back of American companies
resulting into reduced Unconventional
Output. Lets talk about American free
market for today. As we all know shale
oil is not cheap to produce from tight
formations. Conventional oil easily
outran this unconventional shale boom
in terms of production cost. Now it has
become pretty much difficult for
operator companies to take up new
activities which has led to declined
revenue of service providers and drillers.
As much as 150,000 direct and indirect
jobs disappeared in US alone as energy
companies slashed spending. As much
as 76 medium to big companies filled
bankruptcy in the last quarter of 2015
and we are yet to see more of this
coming in the April, as Mr. Suresh Kumar
said in his Distinguished Lecture at PDPU.
This can definitely reduce the excessive
oil output.
As Mr. Kumar indicated prices are likely
to go up from this April onwards and will
settle at around $60 a barrel while shale
oil still doesnt become viable. But on the
other side it gets me thinking that US is
still depends on imported crude. As this
declined oil price leads to cheaper
gasoline and diesel price, an average

American consumer is saving roughly

$200 a month. Which means their
expenditure capacity is increased and
is profitable at large for the US
economy. Lets simplify this thing: Low
oil price, good for American people
but not good for giant oil companies,
energy players and banks. Now that
leads us to a new doors of possibility
that might open up. What if these oil
companies dont go bankrupt at all,
what if US government decide to
bailout its Oil industry as they have
done for Auto industry and Banking
sector in 2008 (global financial
downturn)? This may seem pretty
unusual but "If Washington can bail out
big banks and the auto industry, why
not a bailout for oil companies?" says
Greg Valliere, chief global strategist at
Horizon Investments. "While we are
laughing our way to the gasoline pump
now, we are heading back down the
road to dependence on OPEC and
foreign oil," John Kilduff, founding
partner of energy hedge fund Again
Capital said. But these people doubt
that there is political will in the
Washington for bailout since President
Obama referred oil as Dirty Energy in
his
state
of
the
union.
Also
independent producers from Texas
dont want to get in the bed with
federal
government.
With
this
uncertainty only the time can answer
all the questions. So, on the funny (as
well as angry) note lets wait and
watch have some fun while this so
called global power struggle over
energy rip those countries apart and
cripple each other. Lets wait for the
dust to settle and watch who conquers
the war.

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