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Allergies - people with allergies can often experience a sore throat due to their
increased coughing possibly also causing infection and irritation to the larynx too.
Polyps on the vocal chords - nodular growths on the vocal chords are a
common risk factor for the development of laryngitis, as the vocal chords sit on
top of the larynx and if the vocal chords are inflamed due to the polyps, the larynx
can also become inflamed and hoarse resulting in laryngitis
Smoking - smoking cigarettes is a very common risk factor for the development
of any type of upper and lower respiratory condition, including laryngitis. Smoking
cigarettes irritates and damages the larynx tissue, resulting in laryngitis. Not only
this, but smoking dampens the immune system, resulting in increased risk of
Pathophysiology
Acute laryngitis is commonly due to infection but there are rarer causes. The
basic pathophysiology is inflammation of the mucosa lining the vocal folds and larynx. If
infection is involved, white cells aggregate to remove infectious material from the area.
Edema of the laryngeal lining increases the amount of pressure required to produce
sound, resulting in dysphonia or aphonia. Changes to the structure of the larynx may
also result in a lower register of speech.
Chronic laryngitis can be due to a variety of different causes, including reflux,
allergy, trauma and autoimmune disease. Depending on the cause, there may be
laryngeal spasm, hyperemia, edema, inflammation and various changes to the
morphology of the laryngeal mucosal cells.
Manifestations
Acute Laryngitis
Chronic Laryngitis
Persistent hoarseness
Diagnostic Procedure
Laryngoscopy. The doctor can visually examine the vocal cords in a procedure
called laryngoscopy, by using a light and a tiny mirror to look into the back of the
throat. Or the doctor may use fiber-optic laryngoscopy. This involves inserting a
thin, flexible tube (endoscope) with a tiny camera and light through the nose or
mouth and into the back of the throat. Then the doctor can watch the motion of
the vocal cords as the patient speak.
Biopsy. If the doctor suspects laryngeal cancer taking a sample of tissue for
examination under a microscope is ordered.
Medical Management
Acute laryngitis
Chronic laryngitis
Pharmacologic Treatment
Nursing Management
environment.
If laryngeal secretions are present during acute episodes, expectorant agents are
Rationale
To open or maintain open airway in an at
rest or compromised individual.
To take advantage of the gravity
decreasing pressure on the diaphragm
and enhancing drainage of/ ventilation to
different lung segment.
To maximize effort
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
factors.
Promote
comfort
measure
(touch, repositioning, use of
heat or cold packs, nurses
presence), quiet environment
and calm activities
Encourage verbalization of
feelings about the pain such as
concern about tolerating pain,
anxiety pessimistic thoughts.
Observe nonverbal cues and
pain behaviors and other
objective
defining
characteristics
as
noted
especially in persons who
cannot communicate verbally.
Administer
analgesics
as
prescribed
Encourage
adequate
rest
periods.