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1:
2da
Prctica
Silva Espinoza Carlos
Alvarado Tucto
Ecuaciones
Gerardo Alca Meja
Ricardo Neyra
Diferenciales
Livaque Patricio Quinto
Grupo 4
FIEE UNMSM
Ao 2016
Flores Terry
En el siguiente solucionario se
desarrollarn los problemas con respecto
al tema de la transformada de Laplace,
usando las tcnicas aprendidas en clase
y herramientas informticas para
digitalizar nuestras soluciones.
PROBLEMA 1
Resolver:
cos T
T
Solucin:
Usando la propiedad de la transformada de la derivada
cos T
T
}
sen t
Si f (t) =
cos T
2 T
(0) = 0
L { f ' } = s F(s) f (0)
CO S T
2 T
cos T
T
= sL { sen t }
= 2sL { sen t }
, adems f
sen ( t )
1 . t
( 2n+ 1 ) !
L { sen t } =
7
9
3
5
r
r( ) r( ) r
2
2
2
2
+
+
+
3/ 2
5/ 2
7 /2
9/ 2
s
3 !s
5!s
7!s
() ()
L { sen t } =
cos T
T
. e 4 s
3
2 s2
= 2s
. e4 s
3
2s
. e 4s
s
2 n +1
2
1
2
PROBLEMA 2
SOLUCION:
1, si 0 t <a
F(t) =
si a t<2 a
-1 si
y el periodo es T = 2
Luego
2
1
L { g (t) }=
est g ( t ) dt
2 s
1e
0
2
L { g (t) }=
1
est sen ( t ) dt
2 s
1e
0
u=e
-st
- st
du = s e
dv = sen(t)dt v = cos(t)
-st
- st
du = s e
st
e (s sen ( t )cos ( t ))
( s 2+1 )
Reemplazando:
}|
L { g (t) }=
L { g (t) }=
1
1+ es
1
= 2
2 s
2
1e
( s +1 ) ( s + 1 )( 1es )
PROBLEMA 3
3. Encuentre la solucin de la siguiente ecuacin diferencial
y '' ' +4 y' ' +5 y ' +2 y=10 cos ( t ) , y ( 0 ) = y ' ( 0 )=0 y '' ( 0 )=3
Aplicando transformada de la Laplace:
Entonces:
s
s +1
2
( s3 Y ( s )3 ) + 4 ( s2 Y ( s ) ) +5 ( sY ( s ) ) +2 Y ( s )=10
s
s +1
2
( s3 +4 s 2+ 5 s+ 2 ) Y ( s )3=10 2s
s +1
2
s+3
( s +1 )2 ( s+2 ) Y ( s )= 3 s +10
2
s +1
2
Y ( s )=
3 s +10 s+3
A
B
C
Ds+ E
=
+
+
+ 2
2
2
2
(s +1) ( s+1 ) (s+2) (s +2) (s+1) ( s+1 )
s +1
2
3 s2 +10 s +3=A ( s+ 1 ) ( s2 +1 ) + B( s+1) (
2
A + B+ D=0
2 A+ 3 B+C +4 D+ E=0
2 A+ 3 B+2 C+ 5 D+ 4 E=3
2 A+ 3 B+C +2 D+ 5 E=10
A +2 B+ 2C +2 E=3
En donde:
Y ( s )=
1
2
2
s+2
+
+ 2
2
s+ 2 s +1 ( s+ 1 ) s +1
1
2
2
s+2
+
+ 2
2
s +2 s+1 ( s +1 ) s +1
PROBLEMA 4
y (u ) y ( tu ) d u }=2 L { y (t)} + L
0
{}
3
t
L { (t) }
6
{}
3
t
3! 1
= 4= 4
6 6s s
L { (t ) }=1
Reemplazando
Y 2 ( s )=2Y ( s ) +
Y 2 ( s )2Y ( s ) +
1
1
s4
s 41
=0
s4
( )
s 4 1
4 s 4 4 s 4 +4
2 44
2
4
s
s4
Y 1,2 ( s )=
=
2
2
( )
Y 1 ( s ) =1+
1
y 2 (t )= ( t )+t
s2
Y 2 ( s )=1
1
y 2 ( t )= ( t )t
s2
PROBLEMA 5
d
d 2
[ s Y ( s )sy ( 0 ) y ' ( 0 ) ]=s2 Y ' ( s )2 sY ( s )+ 1
ds L{y} = - ds
L{ty} =-
Y (s)
Y (s)
s
s( s2)
INTEGRANDO
Ln(Y(s)) = -ln(s-2) + ln(K)
Y(s) =
K
2t
s2 y(t) = K e
y(0)= K e
2(0)
=1K=1
POR LO TANTO
y(t) =
2t
PROBLEMA 6
Aplicando T. de Laplace:
sent
x3 x 2 y
L
cos
4 x y y
t
1
sx( s ) 3x( s ) 2 y( s ) s 2 1
4 x sy y s
(s)
( s)
( s)
s2 1
1
x( s ) ( s 3) 2 y( s ) s 2 1
4 x y ( s 1) s
(s)
( s)
s2 1
s3
2
( s 2 2 s 5)
4 ( s 1)
L
1
s 1
s
2
s 1
2
15
7
1
7
11
s
s
3s 1
10
x( s )
2
10 2 10 10
2
2
( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
s 1
s 2s 5
7
1
7
11
4
x(t ) cos t sent et cos 2t et sen 2t
10
10
10
10
1
s3
2
s 1
s
4
2
s 2 3s 4
s 1
y( s )
2
( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
s 1
1
3s 5
2
2
s 2 s 5 ( s 1)( s 2s 5)
3
11
7
11
et sen 2t cos t sent et cos 2t
10
10
10
10
y( t )
x ( 0 )=
7
7
cos 0 e 0 cos 0=0
10
10
y ( 0 )=
11
11 0
cos 0 e cos 0=0
10
10
PROBLEMA7
'
Y 4 X Y =15 t
Con las condiciones X(0)=0, X(0)=0, Y(0)=0, Y(0)=0.
Solucin:
Aplicando transformada de Laplace:
s
[ 2 X ( s )sX ( 0 ) X ' ( 0 ) ]+[sY ( s )Y (0)]X (s)=
15
s+1
s
15
[ 2 Y ( s )sY ( 0 ) y ' (0)]4[ sX ( s )x (0)]Y (s)= 2
s
15
[ s 2 X ( s ) ]+ [ sY ( s ) ] X ( s )= s+1
[ s 2 Y ( s ) ] 4 [ sX ( s ) ]Y ( s )= 152
s
( s21 ) X ( s ) + sY ( s )= 15
s +1
4 sX ( s )+ ( s 1 ) Y ( s )=
Por regla de Crammer:
10
15
s2
X ( s )=
| |
15
s +1
15
s2
s 21
15 (s 21) 15 15(s1)( s+ 1) 15 15 ( s 2s ) 15
s+ 1
1
s+1
s
s
= 2
=
=
2
2
4
2
2
( s 1) +4 s
s +2 s + 1
(s +1)2
s21
s
2
4 s s 1
X ( s )=
15 ( s s1 )
A Bs+c Ds+ e
=15 [ +
+
]
2
2
s ( s2 +1 )2 s 2 +1
s (s +1)(s + 1)
X ( s )=15
1 2 s1
s
+
+
s ( s 2 +1 )2 ( s2 +1 )2
cos t )
x ( t )=15 L1 15
L1
[ ]
L1
L1
1
=1
s
2 s1
2
( s2 +1 )
2 s1
2
( s2 +1 )
=cos t
] [
=2 L1
s
2
( s2 +1 )
] [
L1
( s 2+1 )
t
sen tcos ;
L1
[ ]
1
2
( s +1 )
11
1 2 s1
s
1
2 s1
s
+ 2 2 + 2 2 =15 L1
+15 L1 2 2 +15 L1 2 2
s ( s + 1 ) ( s +1 )
s
( s +1 )
( s +1 )
] [
=L1
s
2
( s +1 ) ( s2 +1 )
t
t
t
t sen ( t ) cos t
cos (t )
sen tcos =
0+
=(tsent)/2
2
4
4
L1
1
2
( s +1 )
] [
=L1
1
2
( s +1 ) ( s2 +1 )
=( sen tsen t )
L1
[( ) ] [
L1
s +1
2 s1
2
( s2 +1 )
=
4
2
2
=t sen t
+
2
2
2
2
Ahora X(t):
X ( t )=15 L1
[ ]
1
2 s1
s
+15 L1 2 2 +15 L1 2 2
s
( s +1 )
( s +1 )
12
t+7.5 sent3(15+15 sen t7.5t )
t +7,5 cos
'
t
y =15 e + 15 t sen t15 cos
'
y=15 et +30 t cos t30 sent15 t sent 15 cos t60 sent30 cos t+c
Y(0)=0 por lo tanto C=45;
La solucin est dada por:
13
PROBLEMA 8
t=
Como en el tiempo
( 2 )
f ( t )=3 t
d2 y
+ 9 y=3 t
2
2
dt
( )
] [ ( )]
d y
+ 9 y =L 3 t
2
2
dt
Resolviendo:
s 2 Y ( s )sY ( 0 ) Y ' ( 0 )+ 9Y ( s ) =3 e
s
2
s Y ( s )s+ 9 Y ( s )=3 e
( s2 +9 ) Y ( s )=s3 e 2
14
s
2
Y ( s )=
s
2
s3 e
s2 +9
s
2
s
3e
2
s +9 s + 9
2
Y ( t )=L
[ ]
[ ]
s
2
s
1 3 e
L
s +9
s 2+ 9
2
( 2 ) u( t 2 ) ;
Y ( t )=cos 3 tsen 3 t
a)
2
y (t )={
cos 3 tsen 3 t
2 t
2
cos 3 t
t<
( )
b)
( 4 )=cos 34 =2 2 m ,
15
PROBLEMA 9.
100 t ; t
{400100
t ; t
Solucin:
La ecuacin diferencial que representa al sistema masa-resorte es:
m
d2 y
dy
+c +ky =F(t )
2
dt
dt
10
m
s2
w 20
m= = =2 Kg.
g 10
2
d2 y
dy
+6 + 4 y =F(t )
2
dt
dt
Expresamos a la funcin en
trminos de escaln unitario:
200
d2 y
dy
L 2 2 +6 + 4 y =L [ 100 t200 ( t2 ) U 2 ( t )100 ( t4 ) U 4 ( t ) ]( s)
dt
dt
( s)
16
100
e2 s
e4 s
2
'
2 ( s Y ( s )sy ( 0 ) y ( 0 ) ) +6 ( sY ( s ) y ( 0 )) + 4 Y ( s )= 2 200 2 100 2
s
s
s
'
y ( 0 )=0, v ( 0 ) = y ( 0 ) =0
100
e2 s
e4 s
(
)
(
)
(
)
2 s Y s +6 sY s + 4 Y s = 2 200 2 100 2
s
s
s
2
2(s2 +3 s +2)Y ( s )=
(s +2)(s +1) Y ( s )=
Y ( s )=
100
e2 s
e4 s
200
100
2
2
2
s
s
s
50
e2 s
e4 s
100
50
s2
s2
s2
50
e2 s
e4 s
100
50
s 2 ( s+2 ) ( s +1 )
s2 ( s +2 )( s+1 )
s 2 ( s+2 ) ( s +1 )
1
e2 s
e4 s
1
1
]
100
L
[
]
50
L
[
]
s 2 ( s +2 ) ( s+ 1 ) (t)
s 2 ( s+2 ) ( s +1 ) (t)
s 2 ( s+2 ) ( s +1 ) (t )
L1
L1 [
e2 s
3 t2 e2 (t2) (t2)
=U 2 ( t ) [
+
+e
]
2
4
2
4
s ( s+ 2 )( s+1 ) (t )
e4 s
3 t4 e2(t 4) (t4 )
]
=U
(
t
)
[
+
+e
]
4
4
2
4
s 2 ( s+ 2 )( s+1 ) (t )
Reemplazando:
17
[ ]
1
3 1 1
1
1
1
1
=
L [ ] + L1 [ 2 ] L1
2
s (t ) 2
s+ 2
s ( s+ 2 )( s+1 ) (t ) 4
s (s) 4
(s)
+ L1
[ ]
1
s+ 1
( s)
2t
3 t e
+
+ et
4 2
4
y ( t )=
75
25 e2t
3 t2 e2( t2) (t2 )
3 t4 e2 ( t4 )
+25 t
+50 et 100U 2 ( t )
+
+e
50 U 4 ( t )
+
+
2
2
4
2
4
4
2
4
] [
75
25 e2 t
3 t 2 e2 (t 2) (t 2)
+25 t
+ 50 et 100
+
+e
=50 et ( 1+2 e 2) 12.5 e2t ( 1+2 e 4 ) +75 t
2
2
4
2
4
75
25 e2 t
3 t2 e2 (t 2) (t 2)
3 t4 e2( t4 ) (t 4 )
+25 t
+ 50 et 100
+
+e
50
+
+e
2
2
4
2
4
4
2
4
50 et ( 1+2 e 2+ e 4 )12.5 e2 t ( 1+2 e 4 +e 8 ) +100t 350
Finalmente:
50 et 12.5 e2t +25 t37.5
y (t)=
0 <t< 2;
2 <t< 4;
18
t> 4;
1
m ( y '22 y '12 ) = k . y . dy
2
y
1
19
d2 y
+ k . y =0
2
dt
L 5
d y
+25 y =L [ 0 ] ;
2
dt
5 s 2 Y ( s )5 sy ( 0 )5 y ' ( 0 )+ 25 y ( s )=0
( s2 +5 ) y ( s )=s+ 1 ;
3
y (t )=L1
s
1
+
;
2
( s +5) 3(s +5)
2
] [ ] [
1
3 5
[ ]
1 1 5
5
=cos 5 t +
L
=
2
2
3 5
s +5
3 5 ( s +5 )
sen 5 t
s
1
s
1
+ 2
=L1 2
+ L1
=
( s + 5 ) 3 ( s +5 )
( s +5 )
3 ( s2 +5 )
2
cos 5 t + L
cos 5 t+
y ( s )=
y=cos
sen 5=0.0378
5+
4
4
3 5
de equilibro
21
PROBLEMA 11
Un circuito LCR con R=12 ohmios, L=1, C=0.01 faradios se conecta a una
batera que transmite un voltaje de 20 voltios. Si el interruptor esta
inicialmente apagado y se lo enciende despus de 10 segundos,
permaneciendo conectada por un lapso de 20 segundos y luego
desconectada definitivamente. Si inicialmente no hay carga en el
condensador y la corriente inicial es cero, determine:
a) La carga acumulada en los tiempos t=5s y t=20s.
b) La intensidad de corriente que atraviesa el circuito en los tiempos t=8s y
t=40s.
1
Q= ( t )=20 u ( t10 )20 u(t30)
C
[ ]
1
Q =l [ (t ) ]
C
10 s
e
s
s
( 2+12 s+ 100)Q ( s )=20
s
s
s( 2+12 s +100)
e30 s
s ( 2+12 s +100)
e10 s
Q ( s )=20
22
e10 s e30 s
s
s
30 s
A
Bs+C
+ 2
A s 2 +12 As+100 A+ B s 2+ Cs=1
s s +12 s+100
A=
1
100
B=
1
100
C=
12
100
1
100
1
s+12
s
100 s 2 +12 s+100
Q ( s )=
[ (
1 10 s 1
s+ 6
6
s+ 6
6
30 s 1
e
5
s ( s+6 )2+ 64 ( s +6 )2 +64
s ( s+6 )2+ 64 ( s +6 )2 +64
)]
Q (t )=l 1 [ Q(s ) ]
Q ( t )=
[(
a)
Cuando t=5s
1 1
3
Q (t )= e6 (t 10) cos 8 ( t10 ) e6 (t 10 ) sen 8(t10)
5 5
20
1 1
3
Q (20 )= e60 cos 80 e60 sen 80
5 5
20
1 1 60
3 60
Q (t )= e (0.110) e (0.993)
5 5
20
Q (20 )=2.08 1025 coulumbs
23
] [(
1
3
1
3
1e6 ( t10) cos 8 ( t10 ) e6 (t 10) sen 8(t 10) U 10 ( t )
1e6 ( t30 ) cos 8 ( t30 ) e6 (t 30
5
4
5
4
I (t)=
b.
I ( t )=
dQ(t)
dt
6
8
5
6
( 6 e6 ( t10) sen ( 8 ( t10 ) )8 e6 (t 10 ) cos ( 8 ( t10 ) )
8
5
Cuando t =8s
I ( t )= 0;
Cuando t=40s
6 e6 ( 4010) cos ( 8 ( 4010 ) ) +8 e6 (4010 ) sen ( 8 ( 4010 ) )+
I ( 40 )=
6
6 e6 ( 4010 ) sen ( 8 ( 4010 ) )8 e6 ( 4010 ) cos
(
8
5
I ( 40 )=3.6231077 A
PROBLEMA12
Q(0)=0
R=150r
L=1H
4
C=2* 10
24
Q ( 0 )=0
6
6 e6 (4030 ) sen ( 8 ( 4030 ) )8 e6 (4030 ) cos ( 8 ( 40
(
8
5
LQ + R Q +
1
Q=V ( t )
C
10 10 e
2
100 e10 s
s
( s +50 ) ( s+ 100 ) Q ( s )=
10 10 s 10 10 s 100
e
e
s
s2
s2
10 s
Q ( s )=
10 s
10
10 e
10 0 e
2
2
s(
s+50)(s+100)
s (s+ 50)( s+ 100) s ( s+ 50 )( s+100 )
A=1/500
10
A B
C
D
=
+
+
+
B=3
/50000 D=1/50000
s 2(s+ 50)( s+100) s2 s s+50 s +100
C=1/12500
A=1/50
100
A
B
C
= +
+
solucin B=1/25
s (s +50)(s+ 100) s s+50 s +100
C=1/50
Q ( s )=
25
1
100 3
4
1
+
2
50000 s
s s +50 s+ 100
e10 s 100 3
4
1
+
50000 s 2
s s +50 s +100
e10 s 1
2
1
+
2
50 s s+50 y +100
Q ( s )=
1
[ 100 t3+4 e50 t e100 t ]
50000
1
100 (t10 )3+ 4 e50( t10)e100 (t10 ) ] 10 (t )
[
50000
1
[12 e50 (t 10)+ e100(t 100) ] 10 ( t )
50
Q ( t )=
1
[ 100 t3+ 4 e50t e100t ] t <10
50000
1
[ 100 t3+ 4 e
{50000
50t
Q ( t )=
e100t ]
1
1
100 ( t10 )3+ 4 e50 (t10 )e100 (t 10) ] [100 t2 e50 (t 10) +e
[
50000
50
1
[ 100 t3+ 4 e50t e100t ] t <10
50000
1
[ 1000+ 4 e
{50000
50t
Q(20segundos)=0
i ( t )=
Q(t)
t
i ( t )=
1 100t
e
( 1+ 999 e1000 2 e50 t 998 e 50( 10+t )) ; t >10
500
i ( 20 ) =0
26
1
[12 e50 (t 10 )+ e100(t 10) ] , t 10
50
PROBLEMA 13
t
f (t ) (t r ) f (r )dr t
0
L f (t ) L (t r ) f ( r ) dr L t
0
1
f ( s) L f (r ) * g (t ) 2
s
1
f ( s) L f (r ) L t 2
s
1
1
f ( s) f ( s) 2 2
s
s
t
1
1
f ( s) 1 2 2
s
s
1
f ( s) 2
s 1
a)
s 1
L1 f ( s ) L1
f (t ) sent
27
b)
t
f
f(t) = t e +
F(s) =
F(s) =
1
2
(s1)
1
F (s)
( s )2
( s)2
(s +1)(s1)3
( s)2
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
3
2
(s +1)(s1) s+1 s1 (s1) (s1)3
Calculando las constantes:
A = - 1/8 B= 1 /8
C = D = 1/ 2
28
1
et + e t +
8
3 t
te +
4
1 t 2
et
4
c)
t
f (t ) f (r )dr 1
0
L f (t ) L
f (r )dr
L 1
f ( s) 1
s
s
1
1
f (s) 1
s
s
1
f (s)
s 1
f (s)
1
s 1
L1 f ( s ) L1
f (t ) e t
29
d)
t
8
3
f(t) 1+ t 3 ( t) f ( ) d
0
Tomando transformada de laplace a cada miembro:
{1} + L {t }
F(s) =
1
s
F(s) =
s 2+ s
s3
F(s)[1 -
F(s)[
16
4
s
s 416
4
s
8
3 L
{( t3 )}
8
3
6
s4
1
s2
16
s4
s 2+ s
3
s
.F(s) +
f (t)
{ }
.L
s
( s 2+4
1
{ cost } +
2
1
2
.F(s) +
1
2
( s 2+4
1
2
1
4
1
( s 2+4
1
L { sen 2t }
4
s
( s 2+4
s
2.( 2+4 )
+ (
s +1
3 s 4 +3 s 3+ 8 s 2+ 8 s
3 2
2 s ( s + 4)
5
4
3
2
3 s +3 s +8 s +8 s
(
)
F s=
2 ( s 416 )( s 2+ 4 )
F ( s )=
15
5
1s 7 ( 1+ s )
+
+
+
32 (2+ s ) 32 ( 2+ s ) ( 4+ s 2) 2 8 ( 4 +s 2 )
Transformada inversa:
F ( t )=
30
5 e2 t 15 e 2 t 7
1
+
+ ( sin ( 2 t ) +2 cos ( 2 t ) ) + (4 t sin ( 2 t ) sin ( 2t ) +2 t cos ( 2 t ) )
32
32 16
16
y(t ) 1 sin t y (r ) dr
0
y (0) 0
t
L y (t ) L 1 sin t y (r ) dr
0
1
1
y(s)
sy ( s ) 0 2
s s 1
s
1
1
1
y ( s) s 2
s
s s 1
1
s
y ( s) 2
2
s 1 ( s 1) 2
1
s
2
2
s 1 ( s 1)
L1 y ( s) L1
31
e)
s
1
s
L1 2 . 2
2
s 1 s 1
( s 1)
s
s
g ( s) 2 ...........g (t ) L1 2 cos t
s 1
s 1
L1
f (s)
1
1
.......... f ( s ) L1 2 sin t
s 1
s 1
2
s
f (u ) g (t u ) sin u.cos(t u ) du
2
2
( s 1)
0
0
t
L1
s
L 2
sin u.(cos t cos u sin t sin u )du
2
( s 1)
0
t
t
s
L1 2
cos
t
sin
u
cos
udu
sin
t
sin 2 udu
2
( s 1)
0
0
1
sin 2 u
s
u sin u cos u
L 2
cos
t
sin t
2
s 0
2
2
0
( s 1)
s
cos t sin 2 t t sin t sin 2 t cos t t sin t
2
2
2
2
2
2
( s 1)
L1
32
1
s
2
2
s 1 ( s 1)
t sin t
y (t ) sin t
2
L1 y ( s) L1
PROBLEMA 14
33
34
35
36
sistema
ay(t) + by(t) + cy(t) = x(t), t>0,
viene dada por:
H(s) =
1
as +bs+ c
2
h(t) =
L [H ( s ) ]
, se le
llama respuesta impulsional del sistema. Del mismo modo que H(s), la
funcin h(t) depende solamente del sistema. En particular, si x(t) =
(t) (delta de Dirac) se tiene H(s) =Y(s) y por lo tanto h(t) = y(t)
RESOLUCIN:
Por teora tenemos que una funcin de transferencia relaciona las
entradas y salidas de un sistema:
X(s) = H(s)Y(s) ..(i)
Hallamos la funcin de transferencia del problema
L[ay(t) + by(t) + cy(t)] = L[X(t)]
2
A[ s Y(s) sY(0) Y(0)] + b[sY(s) Y(0)] + cY(s) = X(s)
2
a s Y(s) + bsY(s) + cY(s) = X(s)
Y(s)[a s
+ bs + c ] = X(s)
Y ( s)
X(s) = a s 2+ bs+c
Comparando con la ecuacin (i)
X(s) =
37
1
Y ( s)
a s + bs+c
2
H(s) =
1
a s + bs+c
2
H(s) =
1
a s + bs+c
2
Si X(t) = (t)
2
Y(s)[a s
Y(s) =
+ bs + c] = 1
1
a s + bs+c
2
Y(s) = H(s)
Por lo tanto Y(t) = H(t).
38
PROBLEMA 16.-Determine
circuito
que
E (t )
4 t
120e cos 3t , t 4
I 3 (t )
R1
E
I 2 (t )
I 1 (t )
R2
L( E (t ))
Hallemos
L ( E ( t ) )= est . E ( t ) dt
0
t=m+4
120
1 e4 s
resolvemos
+
du
e( s+ 4) m
e (s +4 )m
cos ( 3 m+ 12 ) .
. (sen ( 3 m+12 ) ) 3 dm
(s +4) 0 ( s +4 )
+
cos ( 12)
3
e( s+4 ) msen ( 3 m+ 12 ) dm
4
s+ 4 0
du
39
e(s +4 ) m
e( s+4 ) m
. sen ( 3 m+12 )
.cos (3 m+12 ) 3 dm
( s+ 4 )
0 ( s+ 4 )
cos(12)
3
4
( s+ 4 )
cos ( 12) 3
9
sen (12 )
e( s+4 ) m . cos ( 3 m+12 ) dm
4
4
(s +4 ) 0
+s
( s+ 4 )2
cos ( 12 ) 3
sen ( 12 ) .
4
4
( s+ 4 )2 +9
)(
)(
)
2
( s+ 4 )
1 e4 s
cos ( 12 ) 3
4 s16
L ( E ( t ) )=120
+ 120.e
.
sen ( 12 ) .
s
s
4
4
( s+ 4 )2+ 9
Aplico transformada
L ( E )=60 L ( I 1 ) +10
L(I 2 )
s L ( E )=60 s L ( I 1 ) +10 L(I 2)
s
L(I 2)
s
40
0=( 6 s 2+ 60 s ) L ( I 3 ) +10 L( I 2 )
6 s . L ( I 3 )=
sL ( E ) =
10 L( I 2 )
( s+ 10)
10 L(I 2)
3
+ ( 10 +60 s ) L(I 2)
(s+10)
Reemplazando tenemos:
L ( I 2 )=
10
s
103
+
+( 2
)60
s+10 s +60 s + 60
1
sen( 60 t)
60
{
L
y ( t )+ y ( t ) +4 z ( u ) du+10=0
0
y ( t ) + z ( t ) + z ( t )=0
y ( 0 )=12
z ( 0 ) =6
y ( t ) + y ( t ) + 4 z ( u ) du =L 10
0
0
(
)
(
)
y t +z t + z (t )
( )
4 z ( s ) 10
=
s
s
sy ( s ) y ( 0 ) + sz ( s )z ( 0 )+ z ( s )=0
(
)
sy ( s ) y ( 0 ) + y ( s )+
41
4 z (s )
10
+12
s = s
6
s y ( s ) + ( s +1 ) z ( s )
( s+1 ) y ( s ) +
)(
4
2
s =(s+1) 4
s+1
10
4
+12
s
s
6
s +1 12 s2 +2 s34
y ( s )=
=
s (s +3)(s1)
Resolviendo por fracciones parciales, tenemos.
12 s2 +2 s34 A B
C
= +
+
s (s +3)(s1) s s +3 s1
Resolviendo obtenemos los valores de A,B y C
A=34/3
B=17/3
C=-5
y ( s )=
34 1 17 1
1
+
+(5)(
)
3 s
3 s +3
s1
() ( )
L1 { y ( s ) }=L1
y (t )=
42
{ ( )} { ( ) } {
34 1
17 1
1
+ L1
+ L1 (5)(
)
3 s
3 s +3
s1
34 17 3 t
+ e 5 et
3 3
s+1 12
s
z ( s) =
10
s
s(166 s)
s (s+3)( s1)
17 1
5
1
+( )(
)
2 s +3
2 s1
( )
L1 { z ( s ) }=L1
z ( t )=
43
{ ( )} {
17 1
5
1
+ L1 ( )(
)
2 s+3
2 s1
17 3 t 5 t
e + e
2
2
Problema 18
Resuelva la siguiente ecuacin diferencial:
y (t), , +2 y (t),
y (t)
y ( 0 )=2
y ( 0 ), =1
Solucin:
s L { y ( t ) } sy ( t ) y (0) +2 ( S L { y ( t ) } y ( 0 ) ) + L { y ( t ) }=
L { y ( t ) } ( s + 2 s+1 ) ( 2 s+ 5 )=
4
1
2
2 s
+
+
+8 e
2
2
3
S +4 (S +1) (S1)
2
4
1
2
2 s
+
+
+8 e
2
2
3
S + 4 (S+1) ( S1)
2
8 e2 s + ( 2 s +5 )
1
2
( 2+4 2)( S+ 1) +
+
+
( S+1)4 (S1)3 (S +1)2
( S+1)2
4
L { y ( t ) }=
2
( 2+ 4 2)+
(d)
(S +1)2
A (BS+C )
+
S +1
4
+4
(d )
(+1)2
A (+C)
2
( 2)(1) = +
1
4
( 2)+
S=0:
44
Todo por
S=-1:
Todo por
(d)(S+1)2
( 2+4 2)+
( S+ 1)2
;
2
2
A(S+1) (BS+C )(S+ 1)
( 2+4 2)( S+ 1)2=
+
S +1
4(S+1)2
(S +1)2 :
2
(d)
4
A .0 ( BS+C)(0)
=
+
+
(17)
1
(17)
(+1)2
(S 2 +4 2) :
4
d
= ;
(17) 1
( 2+4 2)
( S+1)2
(d)
( 2+4 2)+
( 2+4 2)
(BS+C)
( 2+4 2)
+
S+1
A
( 2+4 2)(S+ 1)2=
( 2+4 2)
2
2
(S +4 ) =0; S= 4 i :
45
A( 0) (B 4 i +C) ( d ) (0)
4
=
+
+
2
2
1
(4 i+1) S +1
(S +1)
(B 4 i+ C)
4
=
(8 i15)
1
4(8 i+15) (B 4 i+ C)
=
17
1
B=
8
17
60
; C= 17
( 2+ 4 2)+
S= :
A ( B ) (d)
( 2)()2= +
+
( )2 ()2
4
(d)
( +1)2
A (B +C)
+
+1
A (B) (d ) A (B)
( 2)()2= +
+
; =
; A=B
()2
4
4
)
(17)
( 2+4 2)+
(S+ 1)2
8
60
(
S+
)
8
1
17
17
2
( 2+4 2)( S+ 1) = .
+
17 S +1
2
( 2+4 2) ( S+1 )
8
cos
(
4
t
) 15 sen ( 4 t ) 4 t et
4 8 t
=
.
e
+
+
+
17
17
17
( 17 )
1
L
2
A
B
C
D
E
=
+
+
+
3
2
1
2 +
1
2
3
(S1) ( S+1) ( S+ 1) (S +1)
(S1) (S1) ( S1)
46
Todo por
(S +1) :
2(S +1)2
A(S+1)2 B( S+1)2
=
+
(S1)3 ( S+1)2 ( S+ 1)1
(S +1)2 +
A(1+1)1 B
C( 0)2 D(0)2 E(0)2
2
=
+
+
+
S=-1 : (11)3
1
1 + (S1)1 (S1)2 ( S1)3 ;
Todo por
(S1)3 :
2
B
=
8 1
2( S1)3
A( S1)3 B( S1)3
=
+
(S1)3 ( S+1)2
(S +1)1
( S+ 1)2 +
2
E
=
2
(2) 1
2(1)3
A(1)3 B (1)3
C (1)3 D(1)3 E(1)3
=
+
+
+
(1)3 (+1)2 (+1)1
(+1)2 + (1)1
(1)2
(1)3
S=0:
2
A
B
C
D
E
=
+
+
+
2
1
2 +
1
2
3
(1) (+1) (+1) (+1)
(1) (1) (1) ;
3
2
A B
= +
1 1 1 +
C D E
+ +
1 1 1
2
A 1
=
1 1 4
S= :
C D 1
+
1 1 2
5 A C D
= +
4
1 1 1
A
C
=
1
2
( ) ( )
S= 2 :
47
5 2C D
=
+
4
1
1
2
A
B
C
D
E
=
+
+
+
3
2
1
2 +
1
2
3
(1) (+1) (+1) ( +1)
(1) (1) (1)
2
A
B
C
D
E
=
+
+
+
2
1
2 +
1
2
3
( ) () ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3
2
A
B
C
D
E
=
+
+
+
3
2
1
2 +
1
2
3
(21) (2+1) (2+1) (2+1)
(21) (21) (21)
2
A
B
C
D
E
= 1+ 2
+ 2+ 3
3
2
1
+
(1) (3) (3) (3)
(1) (1) (1)
1
2
A
4 +
= 1+
9 (3)
9
1
C
D
2
+ 2+ 3
1
(1) (1) (1)
1 2 C D
=
+
1
4
1
(3)
5 2C D
=
+
4
1
1
; C
3
4
1
4
3
1
3
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
2
+
=
+
+
+
3
2
1
2
1
2
(S1) ( S+1) ( S+ 1) (S +1)
(S1) (S1) ( S1)3
L1
2
3 t 3 t 3 t 1 t 1 2 t
=
. e .te + . e + . te + . t e ;
3
2
4
4
4
4
4
(S1) (S +1)
S
8 e2 s + ( 2 s +5 )
1
2
+
+
( S+1)4 (S1)3 (S +1)2
( S+1)2
4
L { y ( t ) }=
L1
8 e2 s (2 s+2+3 )
+
=8.(t2 )e(t +2 ) +2. et + 3.te t ;
2
2
(S +1)
( S+ 1)
L1
1
(S +1)4
y (t )
1 3 t
.t e
6
8 t 8 cos ( 4 t ) 15 sen ( 4 t ) 4 t et 3 t 3 t 3 t 1 t 1 2 t
.e +
+
+
. e . te + . e + .te + .t e + 8.(t2 ) e(t +2 )+ 2.e
17
17
17
( 17 ) 4
4
4
4
4
48
PROBLEMA 19 .- 3
t
Resolucin
sy ( s ) y ( 0 )=
sy ( s ) 2=
s
2s
y (s) 2
s + 16
s +4
sy ( s ) + y ( s )
y (s ) s +
s
s
2 y (s) 2
s +16
s +4
2
2s
s
= 2
+2
s +4 s + 16
2
2s
s
= 2
+2
2
s + 4 s + 16
s
s +16
2
y ( s )= 3
+ 3
s +6 s s + 6 s
2
2
s +4
s +4
2
y ( s )=
2( s 2+ 4)
s2 + 4
+
( s 2+ 16 ) (s2 +6) s( s2 +6)
y ( s )=
3
1
7
1
4 1
. 2
+ . 2
+ .
10 ( s +16 ) 15 ( s +6) 3 s
Entonces:
y (t )=
49
3
7
4
sen 4 t+
sen 6 t +
10
3
15 6
PROBLEMA 20
X 0 1
Donde F es la funcin peridica est dada en la siguiente figura:
4224
F(t)
50
4 6
10
Solucion :
Aplicamos L al PVI:
L X t L 4 X t L 8 X
t L F t
2
s x( s) sx(0) x(0) 4 sx( s ) x (0) 8 x( s ) f ( s)
x( s) s 2 4 s 8 f ( s ) 1
f ( s)
1
s 2 4s 8 s 2 4s 8
x( s)
Pero:
f ( s ) L F t
F (t 2 ) F (t ) L F t
e st * 2t * dt
(1 e 2 s )
4e 2 s
2e 2 s
2
f (s )
2 s
(1 e
) s (1 e 2 s ) s 2 (1 e 2 s ) s 2
Se sabe que:
1
qn
1 q n 0
1
e 2 sn
2 s
1 e
n 0
e 2 s
e 2 sn * e 2 s e 2 s ( n 1) si hacemos n n-1
2 s
1 e
n 0
n 0
e 2 s
e 2 sn
2 s
1 e
n 1
Reemplazando:
e 2 sn 2
n 1
f ( s ) 4
e 2 sn 2
f ( s ) 4
n 1
e 2 sn
s
n 1
f ( s ) 4
e 2 sn 2
s2
n 1
n 0
e 2 sn
s2
e 2 sn 2 1
e 2 sn
2
2
s
s
s2
n 1
n 1
2
s2
Ahora:
x ( s ) 4
n 1
e 2 sn
2
1
..........( )
s ( s 4s 8) s 2 ( s 2 4 s 8) s 2 4 s 8
2
Hacemos:
r (s)
L
e 2t Sen 2t
2
r ( s)
e 2u Sen 2u * du
e 2t Sen 2t e 2t Cos 2t 1
r ( s)
s
2
8
8
8
0
2 u
t t e
Sen 2u * du e 2t Cos 2t
1
t
r ( s)
s 2 0 0
2
16
16 8
L
L
1
1
s 2 4 s 8 ( s 2) 2 2 2
Aplicamos L1 a ( ) y reemplazando :
e2 sn * r ( s )
2
1 r ( s )
* L * s2 L
s
L1 x ( s ) 4 L 1*
n 1
r ( s )
s
X (t ) 4 U 2 n (t ) * L 1*
n 1
( t 2 n )
r (s )
2 e 2t Cos 2t
1
t
e 2t Sen 2t
*(
16
16 8
2
Finalmente:
X (t ) U 2 n (t )(
n 1
51
) *(
)
2
2
2
8
8 4
2