CARDIOVASCULAR TUTORIAL (NNPD)

26th November 2015

1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Deoxygenated blood is normally found only:

in the hearts atria
in the hearts ventricles
in the right side of the heart
in the left side of the heart
Select the CORRECT statement regarding the function of myocardial cells:
individual myocardial cells are innervated by sympathetic nerves, allowing for an
increased heart rate
the "all-or-none" principle, as applied to myocardium, means that the atria or
ventricles contract as a unit, or, they do not contract at all
the refractory period of myocardium is much shorter than that in skeletal muscle
the influx of extracellular potassium ions is the initiating event resulting in myocardial
contraction

3.
A person whose heart rate is 70 bpm (beats per minute) and whose cardiac
output is 4.9 L/min. (liters per minute) has a stroke volume of:
a. 7.0 ml per beat
b. 7.0 liters per beat
c. 0.07 liters per beat
d. 70.0 ml per beat

4.
Immediately following strenuous and vigorous exercise, which of the following is
most likely to occur?
a. blood will be rapidly diverted to the digestive organs
b. the skin will be cold and clammy
c. capillaries of the active muscles will be filled with blood
d. blood flow to the kidneys quickly increases
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Peripheral resistance of blood vessels:

decreases as the length of the blood vessel increases
increases as the diameter of the blood vessel increases
increases as the viscosity of blood increases
does not play a major role in affecting ones blood pressure

6. A 65-year old male had been experiencing frequent episodes of syncope (faint) as he
got out of bed in the morning. He was diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension due to a
malfunction in his baroreceptor reflex. Activation of baroreceptor reflex
a. is primarily involved in short-term regulation of systemic
b. leads to an increase in heart rate because of inhibition of the vagal cardiac
motor neurons.
c. occurs only under situations in which blood pressure is markedly elevated
d. causes increased cardiac output.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by:

skin temperature
ADH
an intrinsic autoregulatory mechanism
the hypothalamic thermostate

a.
b.
c.
d.

What is most responsible for propelling blood in the venous system?

skeletal muscle contraction and breathing
hydrostatic blood pressure arising from ventricular contraction
elastic recoil of large veins
increased capillary resistance at the venous end

a.
b.
c.
d.

Following a motor vehicle accident, a large loss of blood will initially cause:
a lowered BP due to a decreased cardiac output
a higher BP due to an increased stroke volume
no change in BP but a slower heart rate
no change in BP but an increased respiration rate

a.
b.
c.
d.

If vagal nerves to the heart were injured, the result should be that:
the heart would stop contracting
the heart rate would increase
the atrioventricular node would take-over as the hearts pacemaker
parasympathetic stimulation to the heart would increase

8.

9.

10.

11.

Mr Xavier has an arterial blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg.

i. What is the pulse pressure? _____________
ii. What is the Mean Arterial Pressure? _______________