ACT 2

1. Soda lime, white or grayish white granular mixture of calcium hydroxide with
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide
and water vapour and deteriorates rapidly unless kept in airtight containers.
Medically, soda lime is used to absorb carbon dioxide in basal metabolism tests
and in rebreathing anesthesia systems. In gas masks it is an absorbent for toxic
gases. It is used in laboratories as a drying agent. A highly corrosive poison,
soda lime severely damages the gastrointestinal tract if swallowed and may
cause death.
(Reference:
Soda
lime.
Retrieved,
https://www.britannica.com/science/soda-lime)

July

2,

2016

from

2. Steps in the Systematic Identification of Organic compounds

1. Physical state
a. Check for sample purity
b. Note the color
c. Note the odor
d. Make an ignition test
2. Spectra
- Obtain infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra following the
procedures.
- If these spectra indicate the presence of conjugated double bonds,
aromatic rings, or conjugated carbonyl compounds, obtain the UV
spectrum.
3. Elementary Analysis, Sodium Fusion
- This method for detection of nitrogen, sulfur, and halogen in organic
compounds depends on the fact that fusion of substances containing
these elements with sodium yields NaCN, Na2S, and NaX (X Cl, Br, I).
a. Nitrogen
b. Sulfur
c. Halogen
4. Beistein Test for Halogens
5. Solubility Tests
- Like dissolves like; a substance is most soluble in that solvent to which it
is most closely related in structure.
6. Classification Tests for Functional Groups
- After the unknown is assigned to one of the solubility groups on the basis
of solubility tests, the possible type should be further narrowed by
application of classification tests; for example, for alcohols, or methyl
ketones, or esters.
7. Complete Identification Preparation of Derivatives
a. Acids
b. Aldehydes
c. Primary and Secondary Amines

d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Tertiary Amines
Anhydrides and Acid Chlorides
Aryl Halides
Hydrocarbons: Aromatic
Ketones
Nitro Compounds
Phenols

(Reference: Qualitative Organic Analysis. Retrieved on July 2, 2016 from

http://www.chem.umass.edu/people/mcdaniel/CHEM-268/Experiments/QualitativeOrganic-Analysis.pdf)