M.A.LN. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I Mititarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism © New military ‘© Agreements to aide © Competition for * French~German technologies each other if markets border conflicts © Arms race between attacked. Many smaller wars * Ethnic nationalism in countries # Most nations sign over territory the Balkans New Weapons of war treaties and alliances © Central and Allied Powers Europe Before World Wari 1914 || Central Powers [Mftiied powers oO Neutral the Balkans ORDER OF EVENTS: (Use textbook pages 450 - 453 & 456 - 457) 1. In1914, tension between European countries exploded and led to the beginning of World War |, also known as the Great War. 2. Alliances formed among nations to establish who would defend one nother. A. Allied Powers B. Central Powers '* Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungarian throne. «Austria declares war on Serbia. ‘¢ Their allies all jump in. Allied Powers _| Central Powers Great Britain Germany France Russia Ottoman Empire 8. The members of each alliance were called allies, which promised to defend any other member of the alliance if attacked. ‘A. Both alliances were trying to take control of other lands and people, making them imperialists. 5. Nations began building up their troops to put their war plans into action. This was called militarism.6. In Europe, nations were competing for power, 2 't was nationalism that actually triggered the war, for the pride in one’s nation/culture was unbearable. 6 ‘Austria-Hungary ruled Serbia at the time, and the nationalists in Serbia wanted to unite with other Serbs around the world that were separate from the empire, so they took action. 9. The Serbians assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28, 1914. 10. Russia, an Allied Power, said they would fight Austria-Hungary if Serbia was attacked. 11, Germany declared war on Russia and its ally, France, later joined by Great Britain. 12,All of these minor conflicts happened from June 28th to August 4th, 1914, 18. America saw this as a European Wer at first and had no interest in getting involved. America chose to stay neutral, 14.To stay neutral meant to stay away from another country’s affairs, which the United States had followed for a long time now. 15. Two events led America to joining the Allied Powers: ‘A. The sinking of Lusitaniaby the German submarine in 1915 8. The Zimmermann Note ~ the coded telegram asking Mexico to join the Central Powers if the US declared war on Germany, 16. After several more German submarines attacked and sank American ships in eorly 1917, President Woodrow Wilson. declared war on Germany, ‘17-Within months, Ametican troops amives at the Westem-front ~ the battle zone in France = and helped shorten the wor, — 18. The war ended on November 1, 1918 after the Central Powers surrendered, 19. The official peace treaty wasr't signed until June 28,1919 in Versailles, France. 20. The treaty was designed to punish Germany for stat the war. Trench Warfare - a ‘style of fighting established during WWI (pg, 453-454) Inthe fist few battles of WAU traditional fighting occurred ~ face to face warfare, However, after realizing that too many soldiers were dying, armies decided ‘to “digin", meaning to dig deep ditches that often stretched for miles, ‘These trenches became shelter from enemy gunfire; however, allowing diseases to spread easily, Even in these deep trenches, soldiers were not safe,The Treaty of Versailles - peace treaty that punished Germany (pg. 456-457) . Germany was forced to accept full esponsibility for the war. * Germany loses ail of its colonies. * Germany must pay reparation payments to the Allies. * Germany may only have a limited military. The Home Front - where Americans lived that fought to support the soldiers at war (pg. 454) © American soldiers fought in Europe while their families worked at home to support their efforts. 3 * Women worked in factories, offices, stores, and hospitals, as well as in the armed forces in noncombat jobs. Tons of food was shipped overseas during the war, causing a scarcity or shortage. In result, people grew victory 3 gardens as well as accepted “meatless Mondays” and “wheatless Wednesdays". i 7 Costs of the War © On November 1, 1918, the Central Powers surrendered, ending WWI. * The United States spent about $33 billion on the war. ‘+ Around 116,000 Americans died and more than 200,000 were wounded. * total of 8 million people lost their lives in the war.