007-Bond..James Bond!!

BS
811
0
Remark
s
Calculation
1.0 Introduction
In this project, the task assigned is to design a guard house at the entrance of the Old
Campus in UNIMAS. Generally, the tasks include designing the slab, beam, column
and footing of the structure. In addition to that, the detailing of all these designs is
required. All the specifications of the project are based on the BS 8110-1: 1997.
1.1 Limit States
The main aspects checked and used in the designs are based on ultimate limit state
and serviceability limit state. Ultimate limit state is described as an entire structural
failure or failure of part of the structure. On the other hand, serviceability limit state
is defined as the disruption of the function of structure, not the structural collapse.
Ultimate limit states used in design are bending moment and shear whereas
serviceability limit states used in design are deflection and cracking.
1.2 DESIGN PROPERTIES
Data Sheet
Calculations
Code
BS 8110-1: 1997: Structural use of

concrete - Part I: Code of practice for
design and construction
BS 8110-3: 1997: Design charts for
singly reinforced beams, doubly
reinforced beams and rectangular
columns
Type
of
structure
Durability and
Fire resistance
Single-storey guard house
Nominal cover for moderate

exposure = 25 mm (C30)
Nominal cover for 1 hour fire
resistance = 20 mm (C30)
Output (Specifications
obtained from BS
8110-1: 1997)
Assigned
Table 3.3 & 3.4
Loading
Dead Load (Gk):
Roof truss & ceiling = 1.0 kN/m2
Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2
Assumption
Brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2
Live Load (Qk):

Roof imposed load = 0.5 kN/m2
Slab imposed load = 3.0 kN/m2
Type of
foundation
Material
Pad footing
Safe bearing capacity = 200 kN/m2
Concrete grade used:
Exposure condition: Mild
fcu = 30 N/mm2, C30
Concrete density = 24 kN/m3
Hot rolled mild steel = 250 N/mm2

(for slab only)
Reinforcement
High yield steel = 460 N/mm2 (for
beam, column, stump and footing)
Bond
Thickness of
Slab
Assumption
Bar type:
Deformed type 2
(fy = 460 N/mm2)
KA:
Tension: 38
Compression: 30
GS1: 170mm
GS2: 140mm (due to the toilet slab
being made lower than office slab so
that water from toilet will not flow to
the office)
Table 3.1
Table 3.27
Assumption
Reason for choosing concrete cover of 35mm and moderate exposure is due to the
more aggressive weathering conditions experienced in the area of project.
All the key plans and detailing of slab, beam, column and footing are shown in
the appendix.
2.0 Roof Beam
2.1 Roof Beam A and C
Gk
Qk
d
N
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + (0.5)(5.7)(0.17)](3.9)
9.21 kN
1.6(0.17)(5.7)(3.9) kN
4.56 kN
250 25 12/2 4
215 mm
9.21 + 4.56
3
SF
Mmax
K
= 13.77 kN
= 6.89 kN
= 6.71 kNm
M
=
2
f cu b d
=
6.7110 6
30 200 2152
= 0.024 < 0.156

Since K < K, compression steel is not needed.
K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
= d{0.5 +
As
0.024
0.9 }
(6.71)(10)6
0.95(460)(0.95)(215)
= 75.18 mm2
0.13bd
=
100
=
As.max
0.25
= 0.99d > 0.95d, therefore 0.95d is used.

M
=
0.95 f y Z
=
As.min
0.13(200)(215)
100
= 55.9 mm2
4 bd
=
100
=
4(200)( 215)
100
= 1720 mm2
Provide 2T8 (As = 101 mm2)
vd
0.8
= 0.134 N mm-2
= 0.134 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2
f cu
vd < 0.8
5.78 10 3
200 215
f cu
vc
, hence the design is acceptable.

=
100 A s
0.79{
bd
(
1 /3
400 1 /4
(
)
}
/ym
d
30 1/ 3
)
25
100(101) 1 /3
400 1 /4
(
0.79{ 200 (215)
} 215 )
/1.25
(
30 1/ 3
)
25
= 0.484 N mm-2
For condition 1: vd < 0.5vc
0.134 0.242
Hence, no shear reinforcement is required.
Anchorage:
4
= 48 mm for tension
0.95 f y
4 f cu
0.95(460)(8)
4 (0.4) 30
5
= 400 mm (tension)
Curtailment
0.08L
= 0.08(3.9)
= 0.312 m
2.2 Roof Beam B and D
Gk
Qk
d
N
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + (0.5)(3.9)(0.33)](5.3)
14.03 kN
1.6(0.33)(5.7)(3.9) kN
8.78 kN
250 25 12/2 4
215 mm
14.03 + 8.78
6
SF
Mmax
K
=
=
=
=
=
22.81 kN
11.41 kN
15.11 kNm
M
2
f cu b d
15.11 106
30 200 2152
= 0.128 < 0.156

Since K < K, compression steel is not needed.
K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
As
d{0.5 +
0.935d
M
0.95 f y Z
=
=
As.min
=
=
=
As.max
=
=
=
0.25
0.128
0.9 }
(15.11)(10)6
0.95(460)(0.935)(215)
172 mm2
0.13bd
100
0.13(200)(215)
100
55.9 mm2
4 bd
100
4( 200)(215)
100
= 1720 mm2
vd
0.8
=
=
=
f cu
vd < 0.8
f cu
vc
10.95 10 3
200 215
0.255 N mm-2
0.255 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2

=
100 A s 1 /3
400 1 /4
0.79{
} ( d )
/ym
bd
1/ 3
(
=
30
)
25
100(201)
0.79{ 200 (215)
(
1 /3
400 1 /4
} ( 215 )
/1.25
30 1/ 3
)
25
= 0.761 N mm-2
0.255 0.381
Hence, no shear reinforcement is required.
Anchorage:
4
0.95 f y
4 f cu
0.95(460)(8)
4 (0.4) 30
400 mm (tension)
48 mm for tension
Curtailmen
8
t
0.08L
=
=
0.08(5.3)
0.424 m
3.0 Slab
3.1 Design Load
Calculation of design load (Slab 1: office area)
Gk
Qk
N
=
=
=
=
=
24(0.15)
3.6 kN m-2
2.5 kN m-2
1.4(3.6) + 1.6(2.5)
9.04 kN m-2
Calculation of design load (Slab 2: Toilet area)

Gk
= 24(0.115)
= 2.76 kN m-2
Qk
= 2.0 kN m-2
N
= 1.4(2.76) + 1.6(2.0)
= 7.064 kN m-2
3.2 Maximum design ultimate moment
Calculation of maximum design ultimate moment (Slab 1: Office area)
Ly/Lx
= 3.9/3.5
= 1.11 < 2.0 (two way slab)
Negative moment at continuous edge
msx
= Bsxnlx2
= (0.0656)(9.04)(3.5)2
= 7.265
msy
= Bsynlx2
= 0
Positive moment at mid-span
msx
= Bsxnlx2
= (0.0485)(9.04)(3.5)2
= 5.371
msy
= Bsynlx2
= (0.044)(9.04)(3.5)2
= 4.873
Calculation of maximum design ultimate moment (Slab 2: Toilet area)
Ly/Lx
= 3.9/2.2
= 1.77 < 2.0 (two way slab)
Negative moment at continuous edge
msx
= Bsxnlx2
= (0.0925)(7.064)(2.2)2
= 3.163
msy
= Bsynlx2
= 0
Positive moment at mid-span
msx
= Bsxnlx2
9
msy
=
=
=
=
=
(0.0694)(7.064)(2.2)2
2.373
Bsynlx2
(0.044)(7.064)(2.2)2
1.504
Moment distribution across A-A section

Span
AB
BA
DF
0
0.386
FEM
5.371
7.265
Distribute
4.025
Carry over
2.013
7.384
3.24
BC
0.614
3.163
6.403
CB
0
2.373
3.202
5.575
3.24
A
3.9m
3.5m
2.2m
Ly
Lx
3.9m
3.5m
2.2m
Ly
Lx
10
1.504 kN/m
4.873 kN/m
3.9m
3.9m
7.384 kN/m
5.575 kN/m
-3.24 kN/m
3.3 Steel Reinforcement

A-A section
Design for reinforcement (7.384)
M
K
=
f cu b d 2
=
7.384 106
30 1000 1202
11
=
=
0.017
d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
=
0.98d
Since 0.98 d 0.95 d, hence, use 0.95 d.
0.95 120
z
=
As
A s min
=
=
114mm
M
0.95 f y z
7.384 106
0.95 250 114
=
=
272.72 mm2
0.24
1000 150
100
360 mm2
Hence, use R-10 @ 200 mm c/c.

A s prov
=
393 mm2
Design for reinforcement (5.575)
M
K
=
2
f cu b d
5.575 10 6
30 1000 852
0.0257
d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
0.97d
0.95 85
z
=
As
A s min
=
=
81mm
M
0.95 f y z
5.575 106
0.95 250 81
=
=
290 mm2
0.24
1000 115
100
12
276 mm2

A s prov
=
393 mm2
B-B section
Design for reinforcement 4.873)
M
K
=
f cu b d 2
=
=
=
4.873 10 6
30 1000 1102
0.0134
d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
= 0.98d
0.95 110
z
=
As
A s min
=
=
104mm
M
0.95 f y z
4.873 106
0.95 250 104
=
=
197.29 mm2
0.24
1000 150
100
360 mm2

A s prov
=
393 mm2
C-C section
Design for reinforcement 1.504)
M
K
=
f cu b d 2
=
=
=
1.504 106
2
30 1000 75
0.0089
d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
]
13
= 0.99d
0.95 75
z
=
As
A s min
=
=
71mm
M
0.95 f y z
1.504 106
0.95 250 71
=
=
89.19 mm2
0.24
1000 115
100
276 mm2

A s prov
=
393 mm2
3.4 Shear Reinforcement
Checking for shear reinforcement (Slab 1)
= 4.382 N/mm2
0.8 f cu
Position a
V
d
v
vc
=
=
=
10.19 kN/mm
120mm
V
bd
10.19 103
( 1000 )(120)
=
=
0.085 N/mm2 per meter width

1
1
100 A s 3 400 14 f cu 3
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
1
100 393 3 400 4 30 3

0.79(
) (
) ( )
1000 120
120
25
1.25
= 0.6255 N/mm2 per meter width > v

Hence, no need shear reinforcement
Position b & c:
V
=
d
=
9.18 kN/mm
110mm (inner layer)
14
vc
V
bd
9.18 103
( 1000 )( 110)
=
=

1
1
100 A s 3 400 14 f cu 3
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
0.79(
100 393 13 400 14 30 13

) (
) ( )
1000 110
110
25
1.25

Position d at the face of office:
V
= 24.17 kN/mm
d
= 120mm
v
V
=
bd
=
vc
=
=
24.17 10 3
( 1000 )(120)
100 A s 13 400 14 f cu 13
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
1
0.79(
100 393 3 400 4 30 3

) (
) ( )
1000 120
120
25
1.25

Checking for shear reinforcement (slab 2)
Position d at the face of toilet:
V
= 24.17 kN/mm
d
= 85mm
v
V
=
bd
=
=
24.17 103
( 1000 ) (85)
15
vc
100 A s 13 400 14 f cu 13
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
100 393 13 400 14 30 13

0.79(
) (
) ( )
1000 85
85
25
1.25

Position f:
V
d
v
vc
=
=
=
6.09 kN/mm
85mm
V
bd
6.09 10
( 1000 )( 85)
=
=

100 A s 13 400 14 f cu 13
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
100 393 13 400 14 30 13
0.79(
) (
) ( )
1000 85
85
25
1.25

Position for e&g:
V
=
d
=
v
=
=
vc
=
=
4.51 kN/mm
75mm
V
bd
3
4.5110
( 1000 )(75)
100 A s 13 400 14 f cu 13
0.79(
) (
) ( )
bv d
d
25
m
16
100 393 13 400 14 30 13

0.79(
) (
) ( )
1000 75
75
25
1.25

3.5 Deflection
At the mid span of the office (direction of x):
L
3900
=
( )
D actual
120
fs
M
bd2
=
=
32.5
A
2
f y s req
3
A s prov
2
272
250
3
393
115.66 N /mm2
7.384 106
( 1000 )(120)2
M.F
=
=
0.5128
M.F
=
=
2.68 > 2
2
L
)
D allowable
0.55+
477115.66
120(0.9+0.5128)
26 M . F
26 2
52 >
L
)
D actual
At the mid-span of the office (direction of y):

L
3900
=
( )
D actual
110
fs
=
=
=
35.45
A
2
f y s req
3
A s prov
2
197.29
250
3
393
17
M
bd2
83.67 N /mm2
4.873 106
( 1000 )(110)2
M.F
=
=
0.403
M.F
=
=
3.066 > 2
2
L
)
D allowable
0.55+
47783.67
120(0.9+0.403)
26 M . F
26 2
52 >
L
)
D actual
At the mid-span of the toilet (direction of x):

L
2200
=
( )
D actual
85
fs
M
bd2
=
=
25.88
A
2
f y s req
3
A s prov
2
290
250
3
393
123 N /mm2
5.575 106
( 1000 )(85)2
M.F
=
=
0.772
M.F
=
=
2.314 > 2
2
L
)
D allowable
0.55+
477123
120(0.9+0.772)
26 M . F
26 2
52 >
L
)
D actual
18
At the mid-span of the office (direction y):

L
2200
=
( )
D actual
75
fs
M
bd2
=
=
29.33
A
2
f y s req
3
A s prov
2
88.88
250
3
393
37.69 N /mm
1.504 10
( 1000 )( 75)2
M.F
=
=
0.267
M.F
=
=
3.69 > 2
2
L
)
D allowable
0.55+
47737.69
120(0.9+0.267)
26 M . F
26 2
52 >
L
)
D actual
3.6 Checking for Cracking

Slab 1 (Office area)
Maximum clear spacing between
Short span direction:
3d
= 3(120)
= 360 mm
Long span direction:
3d
= 3(110)
= 330 mm
Actual clear spacing
200 - 10
= 190 mm
Long span direction
200 - 10
= 190 mm
Slab 2 (toilet area)
Maximum clear spacing between
3d
= 3(85)
19
= 255 mm
Long span direction:
3d
= 3(75)
= 225 mm
Actual clear spacing
200 - 10
= 190 mm
Long span direction
200 - 10
= 190 mm
3.7 Curtailment
Curtailment for office area
To overcome the negative moment at the end of the support, the amount of
reinforcement equal to half the area of the bottom steel at mid-span but not
less than the minimum reinforcement is provided.
As provided > 0.5As at mid span > As min
As provided >180mm2 >360mm2
As provided
R-10 @ 200 mm c/c (360mm2)
Curtailment for toilet area

To overcome the negative moment at the end of the support, the amount of
reinforcement equal to half the area of the bottom steel at mid-span but not
less than the minimum reinforcement is provided.
As provided > 0.5As at mid span > As min
As provided >180mm2 >276mm2
As provided
R-10 @ 200 mm c/c (360mm2)
3.8 Distribution of load on a beam supporting a two-way spanning slab

Calculation for slab 1: office area
Uniformly distributed load at continuous edge
vsx
= Bvxnlx
= (0.4683)(9.04)(3.5)
= 15.3
vsy
= Bvynlx
= 0
Uniformly distributed load at discontinuous edge
vsx
= Bvxnlx
= (0.322)(9.04)(3.5)
= 10.19
vsy
= Bvynlx
= (0.29)(9.04)(3.5)
= 9.18
20
Calculation for slab 2: toilet area

Uniformly distributed load at continuous edge
vsx
= Bvxnlx
= (0.602)(7.064)(2.2)
= 9.36
vsy
= Bvynlx
= 0
Uniformly distributed load at discontinuous edge
vsx
= Bvxnlx
= (0.392)(7.064)(2.2)
= 6.09
vsy
= Bvynlx
= (0.29)(7.064)(2.2)
= 4.51
4.0 Ground Beam
4.0.1 Beam 1
21
Gk
Qk
d
N
SF
Mmax
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 10.19](3.9)

111.88 kN
1.6(2.5)(3.9) kN
15.6 kN
250 25 12/2 4
215 mm
111.88 + 15.6
127.48 kN
63.74 kN
62.15 kNm
M
2
f cu b d
62.15 106
2
30 200 215
= 0.224 > 0.156

Since K > K, compression steel is needed.
K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
22
As
d{0.5 +
0.76d
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y (d d ' )
As.min
=
=
=
As.max
=
=
=
0.25
0.156
0.9 }
(0.2240.136)(30)(200)(215)
0.95(460)(21550)
261.56 mm2
0.13bd
100
0.13(200)(215)
100
55.9 mm2
4 bd
100
4( 200)(215)
100
= 1720 mm2
K ' f cu b d 2
As
=
0.95 f y z + As
=
215
+ 261.56
2
0.156(30)(200)
= 851.95 mm2
vd
0.8
=
=
53.44 103
200 215
1.24 N mm-2
4.38 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2
f cu
vd < 0.8
vc
f cu
=

100 A s
0.79{
bd
1 /3
1 /4
400
} ( d )
1/ 3
/ym
30
)
25
23
1 /4
1/ 3
100 (851.95) 1 /3
400
30
(
)
(
)
0.79{ 200 (215)
} 215
/1.25
25
= 0.89 N mm-2
1.24 0.445
For condition 2: 0.5vc < vd < vc + 0.4
0.445 < 1.24 < 1.29
Hence, nominal link is provided throughout the beam.
A sv
0.4 b
0.95 f yv
sv
0.4 (200)
0.95(250)
0.337
Provide R8 @ 275 mm c/c (Asv/sv) = 0.366

Anchorage:
= 32 mm for compression
4
4
0.95 f y
4 f cu
0.95(460)(8)
4 (0.5) 30
=
=
=
Curtailment
0.08L
=
=
48 mm for tension
320 mm (compression)
0.95(460)(8)
4 (0.4) 30
400 mm (tension)
0.08(3.9)
0.312 m
Deflection and cracking checking:

Check for deflection:
L
3900
( ) =
=18.14
d actual 215
L
L
( )
=( ) x M . F=26 M . F
d allowable d basic
24
A
2
2
851.95
f s= f y s req = (460)
=288.69 N /mm2
3 A s prov 3
905
215
(200)( 2)=6.72 N /mm2
M 62.15 x 10 6
=
b d2
477f s
M . F=0.55+
120 0.9+
0.55+
M
b d2
477288.69
120 ( 0.9+ 6.72 )
0.809
L
( )
=26 x 0.809=21.905
d allowable
L
L
( )
<( )
OK
d actual d allowable
Check for crack:

b2 cover2 linkno . of bars x
no . of bars1
Clear spacing=
2002 ( 25 )2 ( 4 )
81
20.29 mm
Maximum clear spacing=
47000 47000
=
=529.94 mm
fs
88.69
Clear spacing< Maximum clear spacing OK
25
4.0.2 Beam 2
Gk
Qk
d
N
SF
Mmax
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 24.64](3.5)

171.21 kN
1.6(2.5)(3.5) kN
14 kN
250 25 12/2 4
215 mm
171.21 + 14
185.21 kN
92.6 kN
81.03 kNm
M
f cu b d 2
26
81.03 106
2
30 200 215
= 0.334 > 0.156

K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
As
d{0.5 +
0.78d
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y (d d ' )
As.min
=
=
=
As.max
=
=
=
0.25
0.156
0.9 }
(0.3340.136)(30)(200)(215)
0.95(460)(21550)
684.67 mm2
0.13bd
100
0.13(200)(215)
100
55.9 mm2
4 bd
100
4(200)( 215)
100
= 1720 mm2
K ' f cu b d 2
As
=
0.95 f y z + As
=
215
+ 684.67
2
0.156(30)(200)
= 1275.06 mm2
Diagram here
3
86.9210
vd
=
200 215
=
2.02 N mm-2
27
0.8
4.38 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2
f cu
vd < 0.8
vc
f cu

1 /4
1/ 3
100 A s 1 /3
400
30
(
)
(
)
0.79{
}
/ym
d
25
bd
100 (1275.06)
0.79{
200 (215)
1/ 3
1 /4
400
} ( 215 )
1/ 3
30
/1.25 ( 25 )
= 1.31 N mm-2
2.02 0.665
0.665 < 2.02 1.71
For condition 3: vc + 0.4 < vd < 0.8
f cu
1.71 < 2.02 < 4.38

Provide shear link.
A sv
b( vv c )
sv
0.95 f yv
200 (2.021.31)
0.95(250)
0.598
Nominal link.
A sv
0.4 b
0.95 f yv
sv
0.4 (200)
0.95(250)
= 0.337
Extend of Shear Link
A sv
Vn
=
[ sv ( 0.95 f yv + b v c ) d ]
=
=
0.366[(0.95)(250)+200(1.31)](215)
75.02 kN
28
1+
660
=3.64
250
Provide 4 number of R10 @ 250mm at each end of the beam.

Anchorage:
=
4
L
64 mm for tension and compression
0.95 f y
4 f cu
0.95(460)(16)
4 (0.5) 30
=
=
640 mm (compression)
0.95(460)(16)
4 (0.4) 30
= 800 mm (tension)
Curtailment
0.08L
= 0.08(3.3)
= 0.264 m
L
3500
( ) =
=16.28
d actual 215
L
L
( )
=( ) x M . F=26 M . F
d allowable d basic
A
2
2
1275.06
f s= f y s req = (460)
=242.87 N /mm 2
3 A s prov 3
1610
29
215
2
(200)( 2)=8.764 N /mm
6
M 81.03 x 10
=
b d2
477f s
M . F=0.55+
120 0.9+
0.55+
M
b d2
477242.87
120 ( 0.9+ 8.764 )
0.75
L
( )
=26 x 0.75=19.55
d allowable
L
L
( )
<( )
OK
Check for crack:

no . of bars1
Clear spacing=
2002 ( 25 )2 ( 8 )
81
19.14 mm
47000 47000
=
=193.59 mm
fs
242.87
4.0.3 Beam 3
30
Gk
Qk
d
N
SF
Mmax
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 6.09](3.9)

89.49 kN
1.6(2.5)(3.9)
15.6 kN
250 25 12/2 4
215 mm
89.49 + 15.6
105.09 kN
52.55 kN
51.23 kNm
M
f cu b d 2
31
51.23 10 6
2
30 200 215
= 0.185 > 0.156

K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
As
d{0.5 +
0.78d
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y (d d ' )
0.25
0.156
0.9 }
(0.1850.136)(30)( 200)(215)
0.95(460)(21550)
= 111.55 mm2
0.13bd
As.min
=
100
=
As.max
=
=
=
=
As
0.13(200)(215)
100
55.9 mm2
4 bd
100
4(200)( 215)
100
1720 mm2
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y z
+ As
215
+ 55.9
2
0.156(30)(200)
= 701.94 mm2
32
vd
0.8
=
=
44.06 103
200 215
1.02 N mm-2
4.38 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2
f cu
vd < 0.8
vc
f cu
100 A s 1/ 3 400 1/ 4
30 1/ 3
} (
)
0.79{
/ym ( 25 )
bd
d
100 (804) 1/ 3 400 1 /4

30 1/ 3
}
(
)
(
)
0.79{ 200(215)
/1.25
215
25
= 1.31 N mm-2
1.02 0.655
0.655 < 1.02 < 1.71
Provide nominal link throughout the beam.
Nominal link.
A sv
0.4 b
0.95 f yv
sv
0.4 (200)
0.95(250)
= 0.337
Anchorage:
= 32 mm for compression
4
= 64 mm for tension
0.95 f y
L
=
4 f cu
33
0.95(460)(32)
4 (0.5) 30
=
=
=
319.14 mm (compression)
0.95(460)(64)
4 (0.4) 30
= 797.8 mm (tension)
Curtailment
0.08L
= 0.08(3.9)
= 0.312 m
L
3900
( ) =
=18.14
d actual 215
L
L
( )
=( ) x M . F=26 M . F
d allowable d basic
A
2
2
701.94
f s= f y s req = (460)
=267.74 N /mm2
3 A s prov 3
804
215
2
(200)( 2)=5.54 N /mm
M 51.23 x 10 6
=
b d2
477f s
M . F=0.55+
120 0.9+
0.55+
M
b d2
477267.74
120 ( 0.9+ 5.54 )
0.821
L
( )
=26 x 0.821=21.34
d allowable
L
L
( )
<( )
OK
Check for crack:

34
no . of bars1
Clear spacing=
2002 ( 25 )2 ( 8 )
41
44.67 mm
47000 47000
=
=175.54 mm
fs
267.74
4.0.4 Beam 4 and Beam 5
35
Slab
= 9.18 + (24)(0.2)(0.4) + (2.6)(3.5)

= 20.2 kN m-1
Slab
= 4.51 + (24)(0.2(0.4) + 2.6(3.5)
= 15.53 kN m-1
185.21/2 = 92.61 kN
1.4[(20.2) + 1.6(2.5)] = 32.28 kN m-1
1.4[(15.53) + 1.6(2.5)] = 25.74 kN m-1
92.61(1.41) = 129.65 kN m-1
MA = 0
VB
VA
d
N
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(32.28)(3.3)(3.3/2)+129.65(3.3)+{25.74(2)(4.3) 5.3VB
155.66 kN
131.99 kN
400 25 13 10
352 mm
32.28(3.3) + 25.74(2.0) + 129.65
287.65 kN
M
f cu b d 2
36
259.81 106
2
30 200 352
= 0.349 > 0.156

K
z
= d{0.5 +
0.25
0.9 }
As
d{0.5 +
0.78d
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y (d d ' )
0.25
0.156
0.9 }
(0.3490.136)(30)( 200)(215)
0.95(460)(21550)
= 1089.89 mm2
0.13bd
As.min
=
100
=
As.max
=
=
=
=
As
0.13(200)(352)
100
91.52 mm2
4 bd
100
4(200)(352)
100
2816 mm2
K ' f cu b d 2
0.95 f y z
+ As
352
+ 1089.89
2
0.156(30)(200)
= 2056.47 mm2
37
vd
0.8
=
=
125.05 10 3
200 352
1.78 N mm-2
4.38 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2
f cu
vd < 0.8
vc
f cu

1/ 3
1/ 3
1/ 4
100 A s
30
400
} (
)
0.79{
/ym ( 25 )
bd
d
1/ 3
100 (2056.47) 1 /3 400 1/ 4
30
}
(
)
(
)
0.79{
/1.25
200(352)
352
25
= 0.99 N mm-2
1.78 0.5
0.5 < 1.78 1.39
For condition 3: vc + 0.4 < vd < 0.8
f cu
1.39 < 1.78 < 4.38

Provide shear link.
A sv
b( vv c )
sv
0.95 f yv
200 (1.780.99)
0.95(250)
0.665

Nominal link.
38
A sv
sv
0.4 b
0.95 f yv
0.4 (200)
0.95(250)
= 0.337
Extend of Shear Link
A sv
Vn
=
[ sv ( 0.95 f yv + b v c ) d ]
=
=
1+
0.366[(0.95)(250)+200(0.99)](352)
56.1 kN
3300950
=11.44
225
Provide 12 number of R10 @ 225mm at each end of the beam.

L
5300
( ) =
=24.65
d actual 215
L
L
( )
=( ) x M . F=26 M . F
d allowable d basic
A
2
2
2056.47
f s= f y s req = (460)
=286.65 N /mm 2
3 A s prov 3
2200
215
(200)( 2)=6.28 N /mm2
M 58.02 x 106
=
b d2
39
477f s
M . F=0.55+
120 0.9+
0.55+
M
b d2
477286.65
120 ( 0.9+ 6.28 )
0.971
L
( )
=26 x 0.971=25.25
d allowable
L
L
( )
<( )
OK
Check for crack:

no . of bars1
Clear spacing=
2002 ( 25 )2 ( 10 )
61
26.0 mm
47000 47000
=
=163.96 mm
fs
286.65
5.0 Frame Analysis

Front view of Beam AD
40
Upper part (left & right side)

Dimension of beam = 200 mm x250 mm
Dimension of column = 300 mm x 300 mm
Ib = 200 x 2502/ 12 = 260 x 106
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 260 106
=
=
=3.51 104
2 2 Lb 2 x 3700
I c 675 106
=
=1.73 105
Lc
3900
k=1.73+0.351=2.081
Distribution factor for column = 1.73/2.081 = 0.83
2
w l 2 3.53( 3.7)
M=
=
=4.03 kNm
12
12
M x =4.03 0.83=3.34 kNm
Bottom part (left & right side)
Ib = 200 x 2502/ 12 = 260 x 106
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 260 106
=
=
=3.51 104
2 2 Lb 2 x 3700
I c 675 106
=
=1.73 105
Lc
3900
I c 675 106
=
=6 10 5
Lc
1125
41
k=1.73+0.351+6=8.081
2
w l 2 32.69(3.7)
M=
=
=37.29 kNm
12
12
M x =37.29 0.21=7.83 kNm
Front view of beam BC

Ib = 200 x 2502/ 12 = 260 x 106
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 260 106
=
=
=3.51 104
2 2 Lb 2 x 3700
I c 675 106
=
=1.75 105
Lc
3865
k=1.75+0.351=2.1
42
w l 2 3.53( 3.7)
M=
=
=4.03 kNm
12
12
M x =4.03 0.83=3.34 kNm
Bottom part (left & right side)
Ib = 200 x 2502/ 12 = 260 x 106
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 260 106
=
=
=3.51 104
2 2 Lb 2 x 3700
I c 675 106
=
=1.75 105
Lc
3865
I c 675 106
=
=6 10 5
Lc
1125
k=1.73+0.351+6=8.101
2
2
w l 26.95(3.7)
M=
=
=30.75 kNm
12
12
M x =30.75 0.22=6.76 kNm
Front view of Beam AB & CD

43

Ib = 200 x 2502/ 12 = 260 x 106
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 260 106
=
=
=3.51 104
2 2 Lb 2 x 3700
I c 675 106
=
=1.75 105
Lc
3865
k=1.75+0.351=2.1
2
w l 2 9.36 (5.5)
M=
=
=23.60 kNm
12
12
M x =23.60 0.83=19.58 kNm
Bottom part (left side)
Ib = 200 x 4002/ 12 = 1.07 x 109
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 207 107
=
=
=9.7 104
2 2 Lb 25500
I c 675 106
=
=1.73 105
Lc
3900
I c 675 106
=
=6 10 5
Lc
1125
k=1.73+0.97+ 6=8.72
2
w l 2 32.28(5.5)
FEM=
=
=81.37 kNm
12
12
2
w l 25.74(5.5)
FEM=
=
=64.89 kNm
12
12
2
FEM=
2
P a b 129.65 ( 2.2 ) (3.3)
=
=68.46 kNm
2
2
L
5.5
FEM=81.37+64.89+68.46=214.72
44
M y =214.72 0.2=42.94 kNm

Bottom part (Right side)
Ib = 200 x 4002/ 12 = 1.07 x 109
Ic = 300 x 3002/ 12 =6.75 x 106
k b I b 207 107
=
=
=9.7 104
2 2 Lb 25500
I c 675 106
=
=1.75 105
Lc
3865
I c 675 106
=
=6 10 5
Lc
1125
k=1.73+0.97+ 6=8.74
2
2
w l 32.28(5.5)
FEM=
=
=81.37 kNm
12
12
2
FEM=
w l 25.74(5.5)
=
=64.89 kNm
12
12
2
2
P b a 129.65 ( 3.3 ) (2.2)
FEM= 2 =
=102.68 kNm
2
L
5.5
FEM=81.37+64.89+102.68=248.92
M y =248.92 0.2=49.79 kNm

6.0 Column
As the parameter of all column is the same, the minimum and maximum steel area
can be provided is as shown:
0.4 bd
As.min
=
100
=
As.max
=
=
0.4(300)(255)
100
306 mm2
4 bd
100
45
=
=
6 (300)(255)
100
4590 mm2
Top: Beam (250) < column (300) condition 2

Bottom: Beam (250) < column (300) condition 2
= 0.85
o
= 3900-250
= 3650
ex
= 0.85 x 3650
= 3102.5
Top: Beam (200) < column (300) condition 2
Bottom: Beam (400) > column (300) condition 1
= 0.8
200
400
o
=
390 2
2
ey
ex
h
ey
h
=
=
=
3600
0.8 x 3600
2880
3102.5
300
=
=
10.34
2880
300
= 9.6
Both are less than 15, hence they are considered as short column.
Column A and C
N
= 6.89 +11.41
= 18.3 kN
Mx
= 3.34 kNm
My
= 19.58 kNm
20
h
=
300-25-10- 2
=
=
Mx
h'
255
300-25-10-
= 255
My
<
b'
20
2
minor axis
Bending about minor axis y-y: b= 300mm, h= 300mm
46
N
bhfcu
My
N
bh
M
bhh
d
h
18.3 x 1000
300 x 300 x 30
=
=
=
0.0067
0.992
=
=
=
19.58+ 0.992(1)(3.34)
22.89 kNm
18.3 x 1000
300 x 300
=
=
0.201
22.89 x 1000000
300 x 300 x 300
=
=
0.85
255
300
b'
My + h' Mx
= 0.85
From design charts of BS8110-3: 1985,
100 Asc = 0.4
bh
Asc
= 0.4 x 300 x 300 / 100

= 360 mm2
Provide 4T12 (Asc = 452 mm2)
Column B
N
Mx
My
h
=
=
=
=
=
18.3 + 11.79 +63.74 + 131.99

225.82 kN
7.83 kNm
42.94 kNm
20
300-25-10- 2
=
=
255
Mx
h'
300-25-10-
= 255
My
<
b'
20
2
minor axis

N
225.82 x 1000
=
bhfcu
300 x 300 x 30
=
=
0.084
0.9
47
My
N
bh
M
bhh
d
h
b'
My + h' Mx
=
=
=
42.94+ 0.9(1)(7.83)
49.99 kNm
225.82 x 1000
300 x 300
=
=
2.51
49.99 x 1000000
300 x 300 x 300
=
=
1.85
255
300
= 0.85
100 Asc = 0.52
bh
Asc
= 0.0052 x 300 x 300

= 468 mm2
Provide 4T16 (Asc = 804mm2)
Column D
N
Mx
My
h
=
=
=
=
=
11.69 + 52.55 + 155.66 + 18.3

238.2 kN
6.76 kNm
49.79 kNm
20
300-25-10- 2
255
=
=
Mx
h'
300-25-10-
= 255
My
<
b'
20
2
minor axis

N
238.2 x 1000
=
bhfcu
300 x 300 x 30
My
=
=
=
0.088
0.89
=
=
49.79+ 0.89(1)(6.76)
55.84 kNm
b'
My + h' Mx
48
N
bh
M
bhh
d
h
238.2 x 1000
300 x 300
=
=
2.64
55.84 x 1000000
300 x 300 x 300
=
=
2.07
255
300
= 0.85
100 Asc = 0.76
bh
Asc
=
=
=
0.0076 x 300 x 300

684 mm2
4 mm
Mx
My
h
=
=
=
=
=
18.3 + 14.82 + 63.74 + 131.99

228.85 kN
7.83 kNm
147.73 kNm
20
300-25-10- 2
255
=
=
Minimum
link size
Maximum = 192
spacing
Provide R4 @ 175 mm c/c
Stump
N
Mx
h'
<
300-25-10-
= 255
My
b'
20
2
minor axis

N
228.85 x 1000
=
bhfcu
300 x 300 x 30
My
=
=
=
0.085
0.99
147.73+ 0.99(1)(7.83)
b'
My + h' Mx
49
N
bh
M
bhh
d
h
=
=
155.48 kNm
228.85 x 1000
300 x 300
=
=
2.55
155.48 x 1000000
300 x 300 x 300
=
=
5.76
255
300
= 0.85
100 Asc = 3.4
bh
Asc
= 0.034 x 300 x 300

= 3060mm2
N
Mx
My
h
=
=
=
=
=
14.71 + 18.3 + 155.66 + 52.55

241.22 kN
6.76 kNm
170.86 kNm
20
300-25-10- 2
255
=
=
Mx
h'
300-25-10-
= 255
My
<
b'
20
2
minor axis

N
241.22 x 1000
=
bhfcu
300 x 300 x 30
My
N
bh
=
=
=
0.09
0.99
=
=
=
170.86+ 0.99(1)(6.76)
177.62 kNm
241.22 x 1000
300 x 300
2.68
b'
My + h' Mx
50
M
bhh
177.62 x 1000000
300 x 300 x 300
=
=
=
d
h
6.58
255
300
= 0.85
100 Asc = 3.9
bh
Asc
= 3.9 x 300 x 300 / 100

= 3510 mm2
Provide 8T25 (Asc = 3930 mm2)
Check for reinforcement:

Stump 1
100 As
=
100 (3220)
Acol
300 x 300
=
3.58
100 As
Acol
From the calculation, 0.4 <
< 6.0, therefore it is a vertically cast
column.
Column 2
100 As
Acol
=
=
100 (5030)
300 x 300
5.59
100 As
Acol
From the calculation, 0.4 <
< 6.0, therefore it is a vertically cast
column.
7.0 Footing
7.1 Load Distribution to footing
Liveload=
factored live load onbeam

axial load throughout column
total factored load on beam
Upper part
Beam AD,BC
Factored live
load (kN)
Total factored load

(kN)
Axial load
(kN)
8.78
4.56
22.81
13.77
11.41
6.89
51
Bottom part
Beam 1
Beam 4
Beam 3
Beam 5
42.24
17.6
42.24
15.6
287.65
127.48
287.65
105.09
131.99
63.74
155.66
52.55
For live load column M and N,

(4.56/ 13.77)(6.89) + (8.78/ 22.84)(27.18) + (42.24/287.65)(131.99)+(15.6/127.48)
(63.74)
= 33.85 kN
For live load column L and O,
(4.56/ 13.77)(6.89) + (8.78/ 22.84)(27.18) + (42.24/287.65)(155.66)+(15.6/127.48)
(52.55)
= 37.33 kN
Dead load=total axial load live load
Total axial load for column A and D = 214.03

Total axial load for column B and C = 226.51
Hence, dead load of column A and D = 180.18 kN
Dead load of column B and C = 189.18 kN
FOOTING
Footing 1, F1
1880.18
Gk =
=128.7 kN
1.4
Qk =
33.85
=21.16 kN
1.6
f cu=30 N /mm
f y =460 N /mm2
Safe bearing pressure=200 N / m
Self weight of footing=50 kN

A) For the serviceability limit state
Total design axial load =
1.0 Gk + 1.0Q k
128.7+50+21.16
52
199.86 kN
Required base area=
199.86
200
1.0 0
2
Hence, provide a base 1.0 m square, area = 1.0 m
B) For the ultimate limit state

Column design axial load =
1.4 Gk +1.6 Qk
180.18+33.85
214.03 kN
Eart h pressure=
214.03
1.52
95.12 kN /m 2
C) Concrete cover=50mm (minimum), Bars = 12 mm (assumed)
Mean effective depth, d = 400 50 12 12/2 = 332 mm
At the column face,
Shear stress ,
vc=
N
( column perimeter d )
95.1210
300 4 332
2
0.239 N /mm <0.8 f cu

D) Punching shear
53
1.5d = 1.5(332) = 498 mm

The punching shear perimeter falls out of the footing one, therefore no punching
sher check is required.
E) Bending reinforcement
At the column face which is the critical section (shaded area shown in Figure 1)
0.7
M =( 95.12 1.0 0.7 )
2
( )
23.30 kN . m
K=
M
f cu b d 2
23.30 106
(30 1500 3322)

0.007 < 0.156
Use k= 0.007
z=d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
]
54
z=d 0.5+ 0.25
0.0059
0.9
0.99 d >0.95 d
0.95 ( 332 )
315.4 mm
As=
M
23.30 106
=
=169.05 m m2
0.95 f y z 0.95 ( 460 ) ( 315.4 )
A s , min =
0.13
bh
100
0.13
( 1000 ) (400)
100
520 mm2
A s , max =
4
bh
100
4
( 1000 ) (400)
100
16000 mm2
Provide 4T16 bars with 300 mm c/c spacing will give an area of 804 mm2
1000( 2 50 )(16)
spacing=
=294.67 mm
41
max link spacing=3 d=996 278.67 mm OK !
F) Final check of punching shear
100 A sprov
100 ( 804 )
=
=0.242
bd
( 1000 )( 332 )
v c=
100 A s
0.79
bd
1
3
1
4
f cu
25
)( )( )
400
d
1
3
ym
55
1
3
0.79 ( 0.242 ) (1.05)
30
25
( )
1
3
1.25
0.94 N /mm2
G) Shear force
V =95.121.5 ( 0.350.332 )
108.089 1.5 ( 0.351.0 0.332 )
2.57 kN
v=
V
bd
2.57 103
1000 332
0.007< v c (0.94 N /mm2 ,

Hence, the section is adequate in shear.
Footing 2, F2
Design of Footing 2 (F2) is similar to that of Footing 1 (F1)
Footing 3, F3
Gk =
189.13
=135.09 kN
1.4
Qk =
37.33
=23.33 kN
1.6
f cu=30 N /mm2
f y =460 N /mm2
Safe bearing pressure=200 N / m2
Assume footing weig h t=50 kN
A) For the serviceability limit state
Total design axial load =
1.0 Gk + 1.0Q k
56
135.09+50+23.33
208.42 kN
Required base area=
208.42
200
1.042
2
Hence, provide a base 1.252 m square, area = 1.56 m
B) For the ultimate limit state

Column design axial load =
1.4 Gk +1.6 Qk
189.13+37.33
226.51 kN
Eart h pressure=
144.97 kN / m
226.51
2
1.25
C) Concrete cover=50mm (minimum), Bars = 12 mm (assumed)

Mean effective depth, d = 400 50 12 12/2 = 332 mm
At the column face,
Shear stress ,
vc=
N
( column perimeter d )
226.51 103
300 4 332
0.569 N /mm2 <0.8 f cu

D) Punching shear
1.5d = 1.5(332) = 498 mm
The punching shear perimeter falls out of the footing one, therefore no punching
shear check is required.
57
E) Bending reinforcement
At the column face which is the critical section (shaded area shown in Figure 2)
0.95
M =( 144.97 1.25 0.95 )
2
( )
81.77 kN . m
K=
M
2
f cu b d
6
81.77 10
2
(30 1250 332 )
0.0198 < 0.156
Use k= 0.00198
[
[
z=d 0.5+ 0.25
K
0.9
z=d 0.5+ 0.25
0.0062
0.9
0.98 d >0.95 d
0.95 ( 332 )
315.4 mm
As=
M
81.77 106
2
=
=593.27 m m
0.95 f y z 0.95 ( 460 ) ( 315.4 )
A s , min =
0.13
bh
100
0.13
( 1000 ) (400)
100
520 mm
A s , max =
4
bh
100
58
4
( 1000 ) (400)
100
16000 mm2
Provide 8T10 bars with 125 mm c/c spacing will give an area of 628 mm2
1000( 2 50 )(2 5)
spacing=
=112.86 mm
81
max spacing =3 d=996 mm>112.86 mm OK !
F) Final check of punching shear

100 A sprov
100 ( 628 )
=
=0.189
bd
( 1000 )( 332 )
400
d
v c=
100 A s
0.79
bd
1
3
400
d
1
4
30
25
1
3
)( )( )
1
3
ym
1
0.79 ( 0.189 ) 3 (1.05)
f cu
25
( )
1.25
0.477 N /mm2
G) Shear force
V =144.97 1.25 ( 0.4751.0 d )
144.97 1.25 ( 0.4751.0 0.332 )
25.91 kN
v=
V
bd
59
25.91 103
1250 332
0.062<v c (0.40 N /mm2 ,
Hence, the section is adequate in shear.
Footing 4, F4
Design of Footing 4 (F4) is similar to that of Footing 3 (F3)
60

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BS

BS 8110-1: 1997: Structural use of

Single-storey guard house

Nominal cover for moderate

Table 3.3 & 3.4

Brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2

Live Load (Qk):

Hot rolled mild steel = 250 N/mm2

= 0.024 < 0.156

= 0.99d > 0.95d, therefore 0.95d is used.

, hence the design is acceptable.

2.2 Roof Beam B and D

= 0.128 < 0.156

, hence the design is acceptable.

Calculation of design load (Slab 2: Toilet area)

Moment distribution across A-A section

3.3 Steel Reinforcement

Hence, use R-10 @ 200 mm c/c.

Hence, use R-10 @ 200 mm c/c.

Hence, use R-10 @ 200 mm c/c.

Hence, use R-10 @ 200 mm c/c.

0.085 N/mm2 per meter width

100 393 3 400 4 30 3

= 0.6255 N/mm2 per meter width > v

0.083 N/mm2 per meter width

100 393 13 400 14 30 13

= 0.6581 N/mm2 per meter width > v

100 393 3 400 4 30 3

= 0.6255 N/mm2 per meter width > v

100 393 13 400 14 30 13

= 0.765 N/mm2 per meter width > v

0.072 N/mm2 per meter width

= 0.765 N/mm2 per meter width > v

100 393 13 400 14 30 13

= 0.8228 N/mm2 per meter width > v

At the mid-span of the office (direction of y):

At the mid-span of the toilet (direction of x):

At the mid-span of the office (direction y):

3.6 Checking for Cracking

R-10 @ 200 mm c/c (360mm2)

Curtailment for toilet area

R-10 @ 200 mm c/c (360mm2)

3.8 Distribution of load on a beam supporting a two-way spanning slab

Calculation for slab 2: toilet area

(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 10.19](3.9)

= 0.224 > 0.156

, hence the design is acceptable.

Provide R8 @ 275 mm c/c (Asv/sv) = 0.366

Deflection and cracking checking:

Check for crack:

Maximum clear spacing=

Clear spacing< Maximum clear spacing OK

(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 24.64](3.5)

= 0.334 > 0.156

4.38 N mm-2 < 5 N mm-2

, hence the design is acceptable.

1.71 < 2.02 < 4.38

Provide 4 number of R10 @ 250mm at each end of the beam.

64 mm for tension and compression

Check for crack:

Maximum clear spacing=

Clear spacing< Maximum clear spacing OK

(1.4)[24(0.2)(0.25) + 2.6(3.5) + 6.09](3.9)

= 0.185 > 0.156