Constitutional Law 1-Outline

From: Atty Numeriano Galgo

Continuation: July 16, 2016
Citizenship
- Meaning
- Modes of acquiring citizenship
- Jus sanguinis; followed in the Philippines
- Jus soli
- Naturalization
- Citizenship vs. Nationality
- Benefits of citizenship
- Citizens of the Philippines
- A) Section 1(1), Article IV, 1987 Constitution
- Before and After the adoption of the 1935 Constitution
- Section 4, Philippine Bill of 1902
- Section 2, Jones Law
- Valles vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 137000, August 9, 2000
- Maria Jeanette Tecson vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
- Moy Ya Lim Yao vs. Comm. of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
- Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-Llamanzares vs. Comelec, GR No. 221697, March 8, 2016
- Act No. 2927
- CA 473
- Roa doctrine: Roa vs. Insular Collector of Customs, Oct. 30, 1912
- Caram provision
- Those who elected Philippine citizenship
- After the adoption of the 1973 Constitution; Section 1, Article IV
- B) Section 1(2), Ibid.
- Prospective application
- C) Section 1(3), Ibid.
- Procedure for election; Section 1, CA 625
- When to elect
- Within 3 years from reaching age of majority
- Except when there is justifiable reason for delay
- Cuenco vs. Secretary of Justice, 5 SCRA 110
- Co vs. HRET, 199 SCRA 692
- Cu vs. Republic, 89 Phil. 473
- During minority, right is inchoate; Villahermosa vs. Commissioner of Immigration, 80 Phil. 541
- Doctrine of implied election; In re: Florencio Mallari, 59 SCRA 45
- Illegitimate child, follows her mothers citizenship; Serra vs. Republic, 91 Phil. 914
- D) Section 1(4), Ibid. Naturalization
- Modes: 1) Direct; 2) Derivative
- Doctrine of indelible allegiance
- Qualification for naturalization; C.A. 473; R.A. 9139

- Naturalization by direct legislative action

- Denaturalization; C.A. 473
- Republic vs. Li Yao, 214 SCRA 748
- Republic vs. Guy, 115 SCRA 244
- Effects of denaturalization
- Loss of Citizenship
- Section 3, Article IV, Ibid.
1) By naturalization in a foreign country
- R.A. 9225
2) By express renunciation of citizenship
- Board of Immigration Commissioners vs. Callano, 25 SCRA 890
- Labo vs. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
- Willie Yu vs. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
3) By subscribing to oath of allegiance to foreign country
4) By rendering service to or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country
5) By cancellation of the certificate of naturalization
6) By having been declared by competent authority a deserter of the Phil. armed forces
- Reacquisition of citizenship
1) Under R.A. 9225
2) By naturalization
3) By repatriation
- P.D. 725
- Lee vs. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727
- Frivaldo vs. Comelec 257 SCRA 727
- Bengzon III vs. HRET, GR No. 142840, May 7, 2001
- R.A. 8171
4) By direct act of Congress
- Natural-born citizen
- Section 2, Ibid.
- Marriage to alien spouse
- Section 4, Ibid.
- Prospective
- Dual Allegiance
- Section 5, Ibid.
- Dual citizenship vs. dual allegiance
- Mercado vs. Manzano, GR No. 135083, May 26, 1999
- Citizenship cannot be attacked collaterally
- Co vs. HRET, 199 SCRA 692
- Res Judicata in citizenship cases
- Board of Commissioners, CID vs. de la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853
- Zita Ngo Burca vs. Republic, 19 SCRA 186
I. Suffrage

- Sections 1 and 2, Article V, Ibid.

- Meaning of suffrage
- Domicile; Residence
- Coquilla v. Comelec, G.R. No. 157916, July 31, 2002
- Romualdez v. RTC 7, Tacloban City, 226 SCRA 408
Constitutional Law 1 ,Outline.
Continuation: July 23, 2016
Structure and powers of the national government
A. Congress
- Powers of Congress
- General Plenary Powers - Article VI, Section 1
- Limitations on the Legislative Power
- Substantive limitations
- Article III (Bill of Rights)
- Article VI, Sections 25 & 28
- Article XIV, Section 4(3)
- Article VI, Section 29
- Article VI, Section 30
- Article VI, Section 31
- Implied substantive limitations
- Prohibition against delegation of legislative power
- Prohibition against passage of irrepealable laws
- Procedural limitations; Article VI. Sec. 27
- Composition, Qualification and Term of Office
- Senate : Article VI, sections 2-4
- House of Representatives: Article VI, Sections 5-8
- Powell vs. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969)
- Macias vs. Comelec, 3 SCRA 1 (1961)
- Tan vs. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
- Vets. Fed. Party vs. Comelec, G.R. 136781, October 6, 2000
- PM vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 164702, March 15, 2006
- Bag. Bayani vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
- Aquino vs. Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
- Marcos vs. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)
- Dumpit Michelena v. Boado, G.R. Nos. 163619, November 17, 2005
- Election
- Regular election - Article VI, Section 8
- Special election - Article VI, Section 9
- R.A. No. 6645, December 28, 1987

- REP. ACT NO. 7166

- Tolentino vs. Comelec, 420 SCRA 438 (2004)
- Organizations and Sessions
- Election of Officers - Article VI, Section 16(1)
- Santiago vs. Guingona, G.R. 134577, November 18, 1998
- Quorum Article VI, Section 16(2)
- Avelino vs. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)
- Article VI, Sec 16 (3); Sec 21
- Alejandro vs. Devenecia, 277 SCRA 258 (1997)
- Garcillano vs. HR Committees, 59 SCRA 521 (2009)
- Rules of Proceedings
- Article VI, Section 16(3) Id., Section 21
- Pacete vs. Comm. On Appointments, 40 SCRA 58 (1971)
- Arroyo vs. De Venecia, G.R. 127255, August 14, 1997
- Discipline of members Article VI., Section 16(3)
- Alejandrino vs. Quezon, 46 Phil 83 (1924)
- Osmena vs. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
- Santiago vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 126055, April 19, 2001
- De Venecia vs. SB, G.R. No. 130240, Feb. 5, 2002
- Journal and Record - Article VI, Section 16(4)
- The Enrolled Bill Theory
- Casco Chemical Co. vs. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
- Alejandrino vs. Quezon, 46 Phil. 83 (1942)
- Osmena vs. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 1960)
- Santiago vs. Sandigabayan, 356 SCRA 636 (2001)
- Probative Value of the Journal
- United States vs. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
- Matters to be entered in the Journal
- Yeas and Nays on third and final reading of a bill; Article VI, Section 26(2)
- Veto message of the President
- Article VI, Section 27(1)
- Yeas and Nays on the re-passing of a bill vetoed by the President. [Article VI Section 27(1)]
- Yeas and Nays on any question at the request of 1/5 of members present [Article VI Section 16(4)]
- Journal Entry Rule vs. Enrolled Bill Theory
- Astorga vs. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)
- Congressional Record - Article VI, Section 16(4) par.2

- Records and Book of Accounts; Section 20, Id.

- Sessions
- Regular sessions
- Article VI, Section 15
- Special sessions
- Article VII, Sections 10-11
- Article VII, Section 16
- Article VII, Section 18 par. 2
- Joint sessions
- Article VII, Section 4
- Article VII, Section 11 par. 4
- Article VII, Section 9
- Article VII Section 23(1)
- Article XVII, Section 1(1)
- Article VII, Section 18
- Adjournment; Sec. 16(5), Art. VI
- Sine die
- Salaries, Privileges and Disqualifications
- Salaries
- Articles VI, Section 10
- Article XVIII, Section 17
- Phiconsa vs. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
- Ligot vs. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
- Freedom from Arrest
- Article VI, Section 11
- Revised Penal Code, Article 145
- People vs. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689 (2000)
- Trillanes vs. Pimentel, 556 SCRA 471 (2008)
- Speech and Debate Clause
- Article VI, Section 11
- Jimenez vs. Cabangbang 17 SCRA 876 (1966)
- People vs. Jalosjos, G.R. 132875, February 3, 2000
- Disqualifications
- Incompatible and Forbidden Officers; Article VI, Section 13
- Adaza vs Pacana, Jr. 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
- Other Prohibitions/Inhibitions - Article VI, Section 14
- Puyat vs. De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
- Belgica vs. Ochoa, 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
- Duty to Disclose

- Article XI, Section 17

- Article VI, Section 12
- Article VI, Section 20
- Electoral Tribunals
- Article VI, Sections 17-19
- Abbas vs. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
- Sampayan vs. Daza, 213 SCRA 807 (1992)
- Bondoc vs Pineda, 201 SCRA 792 (1991)
- Pena vs. HRET, G.R. No. 123037, March 21, 1997
- Guerrero vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 137004 (July 26, 2000)
- Codilla vs. De Venecia, G.R. 150605, December 10, 2002
- Commission on Appointments
- Article VI, Sections 18-19
- Cunanan vs. Tan, 5 SCRA 1 (1962)
- Daza vs. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
- Coseteng vs. Mitra, Jr. 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
- Guingona vs. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)
B. Legislative Process
- Requirements as to bills
- Titles of bills ; Article VI, section 26(1)
- Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Board, 151 SCRA 208
- Lidasan vs. Comelec, 21 SCRA 479 (1967)
- Requirements as to certain laws
- Appropriation laws; Article VI, Section 25
- Demetria vs. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
- Guingona vs. Caraque, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
- Tolentino vs. Sec. of Finance, G.R. 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
- Philconsa vs. Enriquez, G.R. 113105, August 19, 1994
- Appropriation
- Section 29, Id.
- Definition
- Classification: General and Special
- Limitations
- Implied; Pascual vs. Sec. of Public Works and Comm., 110 Phil. 331
- Constitutional; Section 25, Art. VI; Section 29 (2), Id.
- Automatic reappropriation; Section 25(7), Id.
- Impoundment; Sec. 38, Admin Code of 1987
- Tax laws/Power of Taxation
- Art. VI, Section 28; Article XIV, Section 4(3)
- Abakada Guro vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 168207, October 18, 2005

- Lung Center vs. Q. C., G.R. No. 144104. June 29, 2004
- Tan vs. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (2000)
- Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, 211 SCRA 219 (1992)
- John Hay PAC vs. Lim, G.R. No. 119775, October 24, 2003
- Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (Art. VI, Sec. 30)
- First Lepanto Ceramics vs. CA, 237 SCRA 519 (1994)
- Fabian vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998
- Procedure for the passage of bills
- Article VI, Section 26(b)
- Article VI, Section 27
- Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance, supra
- Philconsa vs. Enriquez, supra
- Gonzales vs. Macaraig. G.R. No. 87636, Nov. 19, 1990
- Bengzon vs. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
- INS vs. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983)
- Bowsher vs. Synar, 476 U.S. 714 (1986)
- Miller vs. Mardo, 2 SCRA 898 (1961)
- Approval of bills: 1) Approval by president; 2) Congress overrides veto of president; 3) President fails to
act 30 days from receipt
- Veto; kinds
- Presidential veto
- Pocket veto
- Item veto
- Bengzon vs. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
- Legislative veto
- Phil. Constitution Assn. vs. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
- Power of the purse
- Riders
- Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
- Phil. Constitution Assn. vs. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
- Effectivity of laws
- Civil Code, Article 2
- Tanada vs. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
- VB Employees Union v. Vega, G.R. No. 105364, June 28, 2001
- VB Employees Union v. Vega (resolution of motion for reconsideration), 146 SCRA 446
- Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987
- Question Hour
- Article VI, Section 27
- Legislative investigation/inquiry
- Article VI, Section 21

- Senate vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006

- Sabio vs. Gordon, et al. - G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
- Contempt powers
- Armault vs. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29 (1950)
- Armault vs., Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358 (1955)
- Bengzon vs. Sen. Blue Rib. Comm., 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
- Congressional oversight
- Categories: 1) supervision; 2) scrutiny; and 3) investigation
- Inquiry on the Supreme Court; not covered
- Inquiry on the President; not covered
- Official of executive branch; covered
- Inquiry subject to judicial review
- Other Powers
- Act as board of canvassers for presidential election
- Article VII, Section 4 par. 4
- Pimentel vs. Joint Com., G.R. No. 163783. June 22, 2004
- Brillantes vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 163193. June 15, 2004
- Call a special election for Presidency - Article VII, Section 10
- Decide on disability of the President - Art. VI, Sec. 11
- Legislative veto or approval for habeas corpus or declaration of material law; Article VII, Section 18
- Presidential amnesties; Article VII, Section 19
- Concur in treaties ; Article VII, Section 21
- Pimentel vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 158988, July 6, 2005
- Declaration of Existence of War
- Delegation of emergency powers - Article VI, Section 23
- Utilization of natural resources - Article XII, Section 2
- Amendment of Constitution - Article XVII, Sections 1-2
- Power of Impeachment
- Who are subject to impeachment - Article XI, Section 2
- Grounds for impeachment Article XI, Section 2
- Procedure for impeachment Article XI, Section 3(1)-(6)
- Consequences of impeachment Article XI, Section 3(7)
- Francisco vs. House of Rep., G.R. No. 160261, Nov.10, 2003
- Nixon vs. U.S., 113 S. CT. 733 (1933)
- Apportionment of Legislative Districts
- Sema vs. Comelec, 558 SCRA 700
- Aldaba vs. Comelec, 611 SCRA 137

- Navarro vs. Ermita, 612 SCRA 131

- Aguino vs. Comelec, 617 SCRA 623
- Umali vs. Comelec, 729 SCRA 299
C. PARTY LIST SYSTEM
- ACT R.A. 7941 March 3, 1995
- Banat vs. Comelec, 586 SCRA 210
- Abayon vs. HRET, 612 SCRA 375
- Ang Ladlad vs. Comelec, 618 SCRA 32
- Lokin, Jr. vs. Comelec, 621 SCRA 285
- Cocofed vs. Comelec, 703 SCRA 165
- Atong Paglaum, Inc. vs. Comelec, 694 SCRA 477
- Magdalo vs. Comelec, 667 SCRA 651
- Layug vs. Comelec, 673 SCRA 135
- Amore vs. HRET, 622 SCRA 593
- Synchronized terms of office
- Art. XVII. Sections 1-2
- Aldovino vs. Comelec, 609 SCRA 636
- Naval vs. Comelec, 729 SCRA 299 (2014)
- Fair Election Act R.A. 9006
- Asisto vs. Aguirre, 619 SCRA 385
- Mitra vs. Comelec, 622 SCRA 749
- Talaga vs. Comelec, 606 SCRA 258
- Aldovino vs. Comelec, 683 SCRA 602
- Sabili vs. Comelec, 670 SCRA (2012)