Refrigeration and air condition

engineering

Fluid mechanic
Experiment ( 1 )
Density and specific gravity

Name: BALEN KARIM

Lecture: Mr. Kawa
Second year: 2016/10/24

Introduction about
fluid
MECHANIC
Fluid mechanics: is the branch of physics that studies
the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and
the forces on them. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of
applications, including for mechanical
engineering, chemical
engineering, geophysics ,astrophysics, and biology. Fluid
mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of
fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect
of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum
mechanics, a subject which models matter without using
the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it
models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than
from microscopic. Fluid mechanics, especially fluid
dynamics, is an active field of research with many
problems that are partly or wholly unsolved. Fluid
mechanics can be mathematically complex, and can best
be solved by numerical methods, typically using
computers. A modern discipline, called computational
fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach to
solving fluid mechanics problems. Particle image
velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and
analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly
.visual nature of fluid flow

Density :
The purpose of this experiment is to understand the
meaning and significance of the density of a substance.
Density is a basic physical property of a homogeneous
substance; it is an intensive property, which means it
depends only on the substance's composition and does
not vary with size or amount. The determination of
density is a nondestructive physical process for
distinguishing one substance from another. Density is the
ratio of a substance's mass to its own volume.

In the metric system the unit of density for a liquid or

solid is measured in g/mL or g/cm3
.
The cm 3 volume unit used with solids is numerically
equal to mL volume unit used with liquids. That is, 1 mL
= 1 cm3
.In this experiment you will determine the density of
steel liquids and compare the physical properties of
those liquids

: Some tool
Cylinder :1

balance :2

piece of kilogram :3

:Experiment
A: density of a soli
A1 . mass of solid : First one we put the material on
the balance and we record the mass equal to 200g
A2 . volume of material by displacement :we need a
cylinder to measure the solid and we add a water to
cylinder until 200ml it is a initial level then we put
the solid into cylinder the level of water will be
increased until reach 225 ml then we use this rule to
find a volume of solid

Volume of solid =final water level initial level

water
A3 . calculation density of solid : to get a result we
use this rule

density = mass (g) / volume (ml)

density =200g/25 ml = 8 g/ml

B . density of water
B1 . mass of water : first time we need to find a
mass of cylinder equal (158g)then after we add
water to cylinder then we balance both of them
together (308g)
Mass of water = 308g 158g = 150 g
B2 . volume of water : we add the water until reach
150ml
B3 . density of water = mass of water / volume of
water = 150g/150ml = 1 g/ml
Then we repeat all step to salty water then we find
density equal to 1,113g/ml

(D) Graphing mass and volume

5
10
70 75

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Volume (ml)

Calculation
A/

density of solid

Mass of solid =0.5 kg

Initial water level =200 ml
Final water level with solid =262 ml
Volume of solid =62 ml
Density of solid = 8064.5
Type of metal = steel

B/
Water

density of liquid
salty water

60

65

Volume = 300 ml
Mass of breaker = 162 g
Mass of breaker and liquid=457g
Mass liquid=295 g
Density of liquid = 983 kg/m3

300 ml
162 g
480 g
320 g
1066.6 kg/m3

C/specific gravity=
Specific gravity =0.983

1.066

1- What property of oil makes it

float on water?
A/The density of oil is less than the density of
water
Because that the oil float on water

2- Why would heating the gas in an

air balloon make the balloon rise ?
A/ when the gas is heated the movement
molecular of this gas will be increase. So the gas
will be light and make a balloon rise too.

3- What is the different between

density and specific gravity ?

A/ to determine the density of a liquid we need the

mass of the liquid and the volume of the liquid, but
specific gravity is a comparison of the density of
that liquid with a density of water.

4- How does a graph help us

interpret scientific data ?
A/ the graph can show us a relation between mass
and volume.

5- An object made aluminum has a

mass 8.37g. when it was placed in
graduated cylinder containing 20m
of water, the water level rise to 23.1
ml. calculate the density and
specific gravity of the object?
A/ Mass (aluminum) = 8.37g
Volume (water)1 = 20ml
Volume (water)2 = 23.1
gravity =?

density = ?
specific

Volume of object = V2 V1
Volume of object = 23.1 20 = 3.1ml
D= mass / volume
D= 8.37 / 3.1 = 2.7 g/ml = 2700 kg/m3
SG= 2700/1000 = 2.7

6-what is the mass of solution that

has a density of
0.775 g/ml and a volume of 50ml?
A/ D=0.77 g/ml
V=50ml
M=?
M=D x V = 770 kg/m3 x 0.000005 m3

M=0.0385 kg

7- what is the volume of a solution

that has a specific gravity of 1.2 and
a mass of 185 g ?
A/ D= SG x D of water
D= 1.2 x 1000= 1200 kg/m3
V= M / D =0.185/1200
V= 0.000154 m3

8- if we have salt water and fresh

water in one container, which one of
them is float above the other ?
A/ fresh water is float above the salt water because
its density is less than the density of salt water.

9- If we heated the fresh water to

80 C, is the density is becomes
higher or lower than it value at
standard conditions?
A/The densities of liquid are not change because
the temperatures dont affected on the density

10- If we heated the liquid, is the

specific gravity is increased or
decreased with temperature rise?

A/ The specific gravity of a liquid decreases with a

rise in temperature.