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Pragnan Chakravorty
a
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India, 2Clique for Applied Research
in Electronic Technology, Bhilai, India
ABSTRACT
Customarily, the field solutions of rectangular waveguides are achieved by solving Maxwells equation for
three-dimensional vector space. The field expressions obtained from the solutions of differential equations are
often too mathematical to develop any physical understanding of the subject. In this article, the field solutions
are obtained mostly through the analysis of underlying physics; this approach provides a firm conceptual
grasp over the subject and is best suited to accomplish pedagogical objectives along with being a supplementary text for undergraduate studies.
Keywords:
Electromagnetic analysis, Field solutions, Maxwells equations, Rectangular waveguide.
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
k
;
D
k
<
x
y=
X @x2
Y @y2
(5)
2
>
>
>
>
;
: 1 @ c D k2
z
Z @z2
where kx, ky and kz are constants. The choice of negative constants is for a later convenience. This leads us
to three different, 1D Helmholtz equations corresponding to each of the three dimensions (i.e. x, y, z):
9
8 2
dX
d2 Y
>
>
2
2
>
=
< 2 C kx X D 0; 2 C ky Y D 0 >
dx
dy
2
>
>
>
>
;
: d Z C k2 Z D 0
z
2
dz
(6)
Here the separation parameters, kx, ky and kz, must satisfy the following condition:
k2 D k2x C k2y C k2z D 0
(7)
(8)
3.
q
k2x C k2y {kz D 0
(9)
(10)
gz
>
>
ay >
cos
e
=
< Ey D Eoy sin
a
b
mpx npy
>
>
>
>
>
H x D Hox sin
cos
e gz ax >
>
>
>
>
a
b
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
mpx
npy
>
>
gz
: H y D Hoy cos
ay ;
sin
e
a
b
(11)
(12)
r E D
@D
@E
De
@t
@t
@B
@H
D m
@t
@t
(16)
(17)
(18)
(13)
(14)
(15)
@Hy
ax D jv^e vEx D y^Ex
@z
@Ex
ay D jv^
m vH y D z^H y
@z
mp
np
mp2 np2
and ky D
;kc D
C
kx D
a
b
a
b
Hoz cos
sin
e gz ax
y^z^ b
y^ @y
a
b
mpx npy
jvm np
; Ex 2
Hoz cos
sin
e gz ax
k
b
a
b
since k kc ; in this case as explained earlier:
mpx npy
jvm np
Ex 2
Hoz cos
sin
e gz ax
kc
b
a
b
Ex
(19)
Similarly,
mpx npy
jvm mp
sin
Ey D
H
cos
e gz ay
oz
k2c
a
a
b
(20)
Ez D Eoz sin
The magnetic fields can be directly related to their corresponding electric fields with the help of intrinsic
impedance as follows:
(21)
mpx npy
sin
e gz az
a
b
(24)
H x D Ey =h and H y D Ex =h
@Ez
k2
Hx
ax D jv^
m vH x D z^H x D
y^
@y
@Ez
k2
Hy
ay D jv^
m vH y D z^H y D
y^
@z
(25)
(26)
For similar reasons described in the preceding subsections, the wave number k here will be equal to kc; in
this case, with kz D 0. Substituting the expression of Ez
1
; Hx
y^
(22)
Similarly,
Hy D
mpx npy
g np
cos
H
sin
e gz ay
oz
k2c b
a
b
3.2
(23)
The TMmn mode equations can be found out using similar concept as applied before. As the magnetic field
component along z direction is absent in this mode,
IETE JOURNAL OF EDUCATION | VOL 55 | NO 2 | JULDEC 2014
79
from Eq. (24) into Eqs. (25) and (26), the expressions of
Hx and Hy are obtained as follows:
mpx npy
1 @Ez
y^ np
Eoz sin
cos
e gz ax
Hx
z^ @y
a
b
y^z^ b
mpx npy
jve np
;H x 2
Eoz sin
cos
e gz ax
kc b
a
b
(27)
Similarly,
Hy D
mpx npy
jve mp
E
sin
e gz ay
cos
oz
k2c
a
a
b
(28)
(29)
1
; Ex
z^
(30)
Similarly,
Ey D
4.
mpx npy
g np
E
cos
e gz ay
sin
oz
kc 2 b
a
b
(31)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Author
Pragnan Chakravorty received his MTech
degree in RF & Microwave Engineering from
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in
the year 2005. He is currently engaged in a
SERB-DST Government of India project
named Studies on Novel Optimization Techniques to Synthesize Radiation Pattern of
Antenna Arrays with the Department of ECE
in National Institute of Technology, Durgapur.
He has gathered an experience of over 13 years in teaching various
UG and PG courses across several engineering colleges of India. He
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