Mala Kalra

Assistant Professor(CSE)
NITTTR, Chandigarh

OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING

INTRODUCTION

The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an

abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system
diagrams.

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing is

moved away from personal computers or an individual application
server to a cloud of computers.

Abstraction: Users of the cloud only need to be concerned with the

computing service being asked for, as the underlying details of how it
is achieved are hidden.

Virtualization:
Virtualization Cloud Computing virtualizes system by pooling and
sharing resources

NIST DEFINITION OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a model for enabling

ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1. On-demand self-service.
2. Broad network access.
3. Resource pooling.
4. Rapid elasticity.
5. Measured service.

CLOUD COMPONENTS
Clients

Data Center (Collection of Servers where the
application to which you subscribe is housed).

Internet

BENEFITS

Lower Costs




Lower computer costs

Reduced Software Costs
By using the Cloud infrastructure on pay as used and on demand, all of us can
save in capital and operational investment!

Ease of utilization
Quality of Service
Reliability
Outsourced IT management
Simplified maintenance and upgrade
Low Barrier to Entry
Unlimited storage capacity
Universal document access
Latest version availability

LIMITATIONS
Requires a constant Internet connection

Does not work well with low-speed connections

Larger organizations can have applications
more customizable

Security and Privacy issues

Cloud Service provider may go down

Latency concerns

LIMITATIONS

General Concerns:
 Each

cloud systems uses different protocols and

different APIs so it may not be possible to run
applications between cloud based systems.
 Amazon has created its own DB system (not SQL
92), and workflow system so your normal
applications will have to be adapted to execute on
these platforms.

CLOUD TAXONOMY

CLOUD STORAGE

mark.baker@computer.org

19th May, 09

Several large Web companies (such as Amazon

and Google) are now exploiting the fact that they
have data storage capacity that can be hired out to
others.

This approach, known as cloud storage allows data
stored remotely to be temporarily cached on
desktop computers, mobile phones or other
Internet-linked devices.

Amazons Simple Storage Solution (S3) is a well
known example.

mark.baker@computer.org

19th May, 09

AMAZON SIMPLE STORAGE SERVICE (S3)

Unlimited Storage.
Using the same scalable, reliable, fast infrastructure
that Amazon uses.
Pay for what you use:




$0.20 per GByte of data transferred,

$0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,
Second Life Update:
 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200,

APPLICATIONS
Email

Storage

Compute Cloud

Web applications

Working with virtual office

Online Collaboration tools

mark.baker@computer.org

19th May, 09

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

It enables services to be used without any

understanding of their infrastructure.

Cloud computing works using economies of

scale:



It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as

they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.
Cost would be by on-demand pricing.

Data and services are stored remotely but

accessible from anywhere.

mark.baker@computer.org

19th May, 09

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

In parallel there has been backlash against cloud

computing:


Use of cloud computing means dependence on others

and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:


Security could prove to be a big issue:



The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM,
who may monopolise the market.
It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services
ownership of data is not always clear.

There are also issues relating to policy and access:






If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to?
What happens if the remote server goes down?
How will you then access files?
There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access
to data.

INTERNET AND CLOUD

Internet is a global network of billions of interconnected computers

around the world.

It offers many resources and services such as the World Wide Web
and email.

World Wide Web offers users the access to trillions of hyperlinked

documents.

Focus has moved towards offering all of the resources (which are
traditionally available locally) over the Internet.

Cloud Computing is a direct result of this initiative, which offers many

resources such as software, platforms and infrastructure as services.

Clients
SaaS
PaaS

Cloud
Service
Stack

IaaS
S

INTERNET

With the introduction of services like VoIP (Voice over Internet

Protocol) and IPTV, many traditional communication media (such as
telephone, newspaper and television) have been reshaped.

Traditional printed media like newspapers and books are now

available on web sites, blogs or feeds.

Internet has made the world a much smaller place through its various
mechanisms for interaction (such as Instant Messaging, forums, chat
rooms and Social Networking).

Furthermore, E-business has taken over the traditional business.

INTERNET VS. CLOUD

Internet is a network of networks, which provides software/hardware

infrastructure to establish and maintain connectivity of the
computers around the word, while Cloud computing is a new
technology that delivers many types of resources over the Internet.

Therefore Cloud computing could be identified as a technology that

uses the Internet as the communication medium to deliver its
services.

Cloud services can be offered within enterprises through LANs but in

reality, Cloud computing cannot operate globally without the Internet.