Working Group H5A "Common

Format for Configuration data

Residual Compensation
Jun Verzosa

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
Names of Factors in Use by various relays
KNmag and KNangle
K0mag and K0angle
RG/RL and XG/XL (or RE/RL and XE/XL
or KR and KX)
Z0/Z1 mag and Z0/Z1 ang (or Z1ang, Z0ang)
No factor used in setting but calculated internally
based on Z1 and Z0 (or R1, X1, R0, X0)
Etc.

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
Formulas Used by some relays
KN or KG of KE or K0 or KZN
= ZN /Z1 = (Z0 - Z1) / 3 Z1
Different formulas are
= (Z0/Z1 1) / 3
attached to factor symbol K0.
K0 = Z0/Z1 -1
KN factor has only one
K0 = Z0/Z1
formula.
RG RE 1 R0
kR =
=
=
1
RL RL 3 R1
XG XE 1 X 0
kX =
=
=
1
XL XL 3 X 1

Kr and Kx are not applicable

to MHO characteristics

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
Relay
Location
EA

IA

Zs

Z1

IB = 0
EB

Zs

Z1

VaR
EC

IC =0

Zs

Z1
Ph AN
Fault

ZNs

IN = residual current
= 3I0

ZN
= (Z0 - Z1)/3

ZN = KN * Z1
KN = ZN / Z1 = (Z0 Z1) / 3Z1

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
Residual Compensation:
Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + KN*IN) = Z1
where: KN = ZN/Z1 = (Z0 Z1) / 3Z1
= (Z0/Z1 -1 ) / 3
Zero-sequence Compensation:
Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + K0*I0) = Z1
where: K0 = Z0/Z1 -1

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
ZL = RL+jXL

ZE = RE+jXE
ZG = RG+jXG

RG RE 1 R0
kR =
=
=
1
RL RL 3 R1

XG XE 1 X 0
kX =
=
=
1
XL XL 3 X 1

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
IEC61850

Inconsistent use of names

Residual current (IN) is NOT Equal to
Zero-sequence current (I0)
IN = 3 * I0

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
Suggestion 1:
Name = Residual compensation factor
Residual compensation type (ResCompType):
KNfactor or
KrKxfactor
RFLoop (true/false)

(applies to polygon only)

(applies to polygon only)

KNfactor consists of:

KNmag - residual impedance compensation factor magnitude
KNang - residual impedance compensation factor angle

KrKxfactor consists of:

KR
KX

- residual resistance compensation factor

- residual reactance compensation factor

Residual Compensation or
Zero-sequence Compensation?
KNfactor consists of:
KNmag - residual impedance compensation factor magnitude
= magnitude of (Z0/Z1 1) / 3
KNang - residual impedance compensation factor angle
= argument of (Z0/Z1 1) / 3

KrKxfactor consists of:

KR
KX

- residual resistance compensation factor

= (R0/R1 -1) / 3
- residual reactance compensation factor
= (X0/X1 -1) / 3

Residual Compensation
Fault Loop Resistance Mode
Suggestion 2
Add RFmode (applies to polygon char. only)
Mode1:
Mode2:
Mode3:

RFLoop = RF
RFLoop = RF*(1+Kr)
ZFLoop = ZF*(1+KN)

If RFmode is used then Residual Compensation

needs KNmag and KNang only (No Kr and Kx)
since Kr and Kx can be calculated. However, the
Zone Characteristic Angle (ZCA) must be
known; this is usually one of the Zone settings.

How is the Fault

Resistive Reach Set?

Mode1:

RFset = RFLoop

Mode2:

RFset = RFLoop / (1 + Kr)

Mode3:

RFset = RFLoop / (1 +KN)?

How are the Zone Reaches Set?

Z1

Zset

AN fault

AN fault

KN or Kr, Kx
21

IaR

21

IaR

RFLoop

VaR

VaR

ZN

Mode1: RFset = RFLoop

Notes:
Z1 is the usual reach
setting of 75% to 85%
of ZLine.

Zset = Z1, kN = ZN/Z1

Mode2: Zset = Z1
Kr = (R0/R1-1)/3, Kx=(X0/X1-1)/3
RFset = RFLoop / (1 + Kr)

RFoop includes some

added margin to take
care of remote infeed
current.

Mode3: Zset=Z1, KN = ZN/Z1

RFset ~ RFLoop / (1 + |KN|)

approx. for small KNang

RFset

Calculating Kr and Kx
from KNmag and KNang
Zone Characteristic Angle (ZCA) is not
necessarily equal to the line angle; It is required
for RFmode2

Kr = KNmagCos(KNang+ZCA) / Cos(ZCA)
Kx = KNmagSin(KNang+ZCA) / Sin(ZCA)

P2

TiltAngle

ZPh

RBlinder

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng

-RFLoop

ZLoopAng
RFLoop

RBlin
d

TiltAngle
RBlinder

P1

XPhLine

er Loo

XLoopLine

ZLoo

R B l in
derL
oop

Mode1: KN, RF = RFLoop

DirLoopAng

Mode2: KrKxfactor,
RFLoop = RF * (1+Kr)
P2
derL
oop

TiltAngleLoop

P1

ZLoo
p

RBlin

RBlin

derLo

op

XLoopLine

TiltAngle
XPhLine

DirLoopAng2
ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng
ZphAng
- RFph

ZphAng

DirAng

RFph

ZLoopAng

RFLoop

DirLoopAng1

-RFLoop

RLoop = RPh (1 + Kr)

XLoop = XPh (1 + Kx)

Mode3: KN,
ZFLoop = ZF * (1+KN)
P1L

P2L

P4L

Z1L

P2L

Loop
Characteristic

P3L
P1

Z1

P2

P3L

P2

P4
P3

P5L

Per Phase
Characteristic

P3

P4

P5
RFph

P6

P6L

ZLoop = ZPh*(1+KN)
RLoop = ZLoop*Cos(ZLoopAng)
XLoop = ZLoop*Sin(ZLoopAng)

P4L

Mode3: KN,
ZFLoop = ZF * (1+KN)
P2

TiltAngle

TiltAngle
XPhLine

Z Ph

P1

ZLoo
p

RBlin

derLo

op

XLoopLine

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng
ZphAng

RFph

RFLoop

O
-RFLoop

Applies to characteristic angle and resistive

blinders only, not the reactance lines.

ZLoopAng

P2
P2

XLoopLine

TiltAngleLoop
TiltAngle
RBli
nderL
oop

XLoopLine

P1
P1

TiltAngle
TiltAngle

ZPh

XPhLine

ZLoo
p

RBlin
derL
oop

Comparison of
Mode1, Mode2 and Mode3

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng

ZLoopAng

ZphAng
- RFph

-RFLoop
-RFLoop

ZphAng

DirAng

RFph

ZLoopAng
ZLoopAng
RFLoop
RFLoop

DirLoopAng1
DirLoopAng