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9/3/2014
Differential Equation
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Engineering Faculty
Kabul University
Differential Equation
EE 222
Instructor: Ahmad Jawid Yousofzad
Office: 116
Telephone: (070) 674-1343
Email: ajyousofzada@ku.edu.af
Web Site: https://sites.google.com/site/differentialequ/
Course Textbook:
1. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems
9th edition, 2009 by William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima,
ISBN 978-0-470-38334-6.
2. Applied Differential Equations 3rd edition, 1981 by Murray R.
Spiegel, ISBN 0-13-040097-1
Prerequisites:
Calculus III
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Grading
Course Outline
Chapter 1:
Chapter 2:
Chapter 3:
Chapter 4:
Chapter 5:
Chapter 6:
Chapter 7:
Introduction
First Order Differential Equations
Second Order Linear Equations
Higher Order Linear Equations
Series Solutions of Second Order Linear Equations
The Laplace Transform
Systems of First Order Linear Equations
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Continued:
if v = 40, then dv/dt = 1.8. This means that the slope of a solution
v = v(t) has the value 1.8 at any point where v = 40
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Continued:
Similarly, if v = 50, then dv/dt = 0.2
Continued:
if v is less than a certain critical value, then all the line segments
have positive slopes, and the speed of the falling object increases
as it falls
if v is greater than the critical value, then the line segments have
negative slopes, and the falling object slows down as it falls
What is this critical value of v that separates objects whose speed
is increasing from those whose speed is decreasing?
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Continued:
What value of v will cause dv/dt to be zero. The answer is
v = (5)(9.8) = 49 m/s.
Continued:
Direction Fields. Direction fields are valuable tools in studying
the solutions of differential equations of the form
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Continued:
if , k > 0, then above equation shows that
for all t.
This means that the population is always increasing.
In a given environment has limited resources, many population
start by increasing but the levels off when it approaches its carry
capacity K
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Continued:
For Example: Field Mice and Owls
To a specific purpose suppose that time is measured in months
and that the rate constant r has the value 0.5/month. Then each
term of above equation has the units of mice/month.
Now let us add to the problem by supposing that several owls
live in the same neighborhood and that they kill 15 field mice per
day, the differential equation becomes
Continued:
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Continued:
Consider the equation:
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Continued:
Continued:
The differential equation solved above (population growth)
together with the initial condition form an initial value problem
Now consider the more general problem consisting of the
differential equation
General Solution:
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Continued:
Differential Equations of Populations growth and motion of an
objects:
General Solution:
Continued:
consider a falling object of mass m = 10 kg and drag coefficient
= 2 kg/s. Then the equation of motion becomes:
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Continued:
Solution:
Continued:
Solution:
To find the velocity of the object when it hits the ground, we need to
know the time at which impact occurs. In other words, we need to
determine how long it takes the object to fall 300 m. To do this, we
note that the distance x the object has fallen is related to its velocity
v by the equation v = dx/dt
Let T be the time at which the object hits the
ground; then x = 300 when t = T
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