Engi4258-Assignment #1: Solution

Problem 1: This core can be divided up into four regions. Let 1 be the reluctance of
the left-hand portion of the core, 2 be the reluctance of the center portion of the core,
3 be the reluctance of the center air gap of the core, and 4 be the reluctance of the
right-hand portion of the core.
l 1 = l 4 = 12 c + a + 12 b + 12 b + a + 12 b + 12 b + a + 12 c = 3a + 2b + c = 3 25 + 2 9 + 15 =
108cm
l 2 = 12 b + a + 12 b 0. 04 = a + b 0. 04 = 25 + 9 0. 04 = 33. 96cm
1 = r l 10 A 1 = 15004101.08
7 0.090.05 = 127. 3kA t/Wb
2 =
3 =
4 =

l2
0.3396
= 1500410
7 0.150.05
r0A2
l3
0.0004
= 410 7 0.150.051.04 =
0A3
l4
= 15004101.08
7 0.090.05
r0A4

= 24. 0kA t/Wb

40. 8kA t/Wb
= 127. 3kA t/Wb

The total reluctance of the core is

( + )
(24.0+40.8)127.3
total = 1 + 22+ 33+ 44 = 127. 3 + 24.0+40.8+127.3 = 170. 2kA t/Wb
The total flux in the core is equal to the flux in the left leg:
2002.0
left = total = total = 170.
= 2. 35 10 3 Wb
21000
The fluxes in the center and right legs can be found by the flux divider rule, which is
analogous to the current divider rule.
4
127.3
center = 2 +
total = 24.0+40.8+127.3
2. 35 10 3 = 1. 56 10 3 Wb
3 + 4

right =

2 + 3
2 + 3 + 4

total =

24.0+40.8
24.0+40.8+127.3

2. 35 10 3 = 7. 927 1 10 4 Wb

The flux density can be determined from the equation = BA:

3510 3
= 0. 522T
B left = Aleft1 = 2.0.090.05
B center =
B right =

center
A2

right
A4

=
=

1. 5610 3
= 0. 208 T
0.150.05
3
0.7910
= 0. 176 T
0.090.05

Problem 2: The equivalent magnetic circuit is shown to the right.

g
g
1 = 0 A1 1 , 2 = 0 A2 2 , 1 = N 1 I 1 , 2 = N 2 I 2 ,

A N I
A N I
1
1
= 0 g11 1 1 , g 2 =
= 0 g22 1 1
1
2
g
g
N I
N I
(i) B g 1 = A 11 = 0g 11 1 , B g 2 = A 22 = 0g 21 1
A N I
A N I
(ii) 1 = N 1 = N 1 ( g 1 + g 2 ) = N 1 0 g11 1 1 + 0 g22 1 1 = 0 N 21 I 1 Ag 11 + Ag 22
A N I
(iii) 2 = N 2 g 2 = N 2 0 g22 1 1 = 0 N 1 N 2 I 1 Ag 22
A N I
2
1 = 0 g 1 = 0, g 2 =
= 0 g22 2 2
2
g
g
N I
(i) B g 1 = A 11 = 0, B g 2 = A 22 = 0g 22 2
A N I
(ii) 1 = N 1 = N 1 g 2 = N 1 0 g22 2 2 = 0 N 1 N 2 I 2 Ag 22
A N I
(iii) 2 = N 2 g 2 = N 2 0 g22 2 2 = 0 N 22 I 2 Ag 22
A N I
A N I
A N I
Applying the superposition principle gives g 1 = 0 g11 1 1 , g 2 = 0 g22 1 1 + 0 g22 2 2

(a) 2 = 0 g 1 =

(b)

(c)

g1
A1

(i) B g 1 =

0N1I1
g1

, B g2 =

g2
A2

(ii) 1 = N 1 = N 1 ( g 1 + g 2 ) = N 1
= 0 N 21

A1
g1

A2
g2

(iii) 2 = N 2 g 2 = N 2
(d) L 11 = 0 N 21

A1
g1

A2
g2

0N1I1
N I
+ 0g 22 2
g2
0A1N1I1
A N I
+ 0 g22 1 1
g1

0A2N1N2
I2
g2
0A2N1I1
0A2N2I2
+
g2
g2

0A2N2I2
g2

I1 +

0 A 2 N 22
g2

I1 +

, L 12 =

0A2N1N2
g2

, L 22 =

0A2N1N2
g2
0 A 2 N 22
g2

I2

Problem 3: The equivalent magnetic circuit of the structure is shown to the

right.
Solution:
g
(a) g 1 = 01A with A = r 2
L(g 1 ) =
(b) W =
(c) F =

1
2

Li 2 =

1 2 dL(g 1 )
i dg 1
2

N2 A
N Ni
= g 10
i g1
2
2
N 2 0 r 2 i 2
1 N 0 r 2
i
=
g
1
2
2g 1
N 2 0 r 2 i 2

N
i

N 2 0 r 2
g1

2g 21

Problem 4:
W = id = (a 4 bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e)d = a5 5 b2 2 x 3 + 2c 2 x 2 + d2 2 x +
W
F attraction = f = x = 3b
2 x 2 + c 2 x + d2 2
2
Problem 5: The gravitational force acting on the slab is G = Mg = 95 9. 8 =
931. 0N m.
2g
The reluctance of the air gaps is = air_gap
.
0Ac

The flux through the air gaps is =

The inductance of the winding is L

Ni
.

= i

The energy stored in the winding is W =

0AcN2
N2
=

2g air_gap
0AcN2i2
1
2
Li = 4g air_gap .
2
N
i

The force generated by the electromagnet is F(g air_gap ) =

e
2

2 + C

1 2 dL(g air_gap )
i dg air_gap
2

0AcN2i2
4g 2air_gap

The force required to lift the slab is F(g min ) = G, that is,
Mg =

0AcN2i2
4g 2min

i=

4Mgg 2min
0AcN2

The voltage required is V = Ri =

2g min
N
2Rg min
N

Mg
0Ac

, which is the current required.

Mg
0Ac

22.80.1810 3
50

959.8
410 7 3210 4

= 9. 7V.