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Mechanical Engineering
University of Gaziantep
Threaded Fasteners
hThread is the helical grooves which are
opened to inner and outer surfaces. Fig. 1
shows the screw thread terminology.
hExternal thread (screw/vida - bolt/cvata stud/saplama): A thread on the external
surface of a cylinder.
hInternal thread (nut/somun): A thread on the
internal surface of a cylinder.
hMajor diameter (di st ap): The largest
diameter of a screw thread.
hMinor diameter (di dibi ap): The smallest
diameter of a screw thread.
hPitch diameter (blm ap): The diameter of
an imaginary cylinder, the surface of which
cuts the thread forms where the width of the
thread and groove are equal.
Figure 1
Threaded Fasteners
h Crest: The edge or surface that joins the sides of
a thread and is farthest from the cylinder or cone
from which the thread projects.
h Root: The edge or surface that joins the sides of
adjacent thread forms and coincides with the
cylinder or cone from which the thread projects.
h Depth of thread: The distance between crest and
root measured normal to the axis.
h Pitch (hatve, adm): The distance between
corresponding points on adjacent thread forms
measured parallel to the axis.
h Right-hand thread: A thread that when viewed
axially winds in a clockwise and receding direction.
Threads are RH unless otherwise specified.
h Left-hand thread: A thread that when viewed
axially winds in a counterclockwise and receding
direction. All left-hand threads are designated LH.
Figure 1
Threaded Fasteners
h Lead: The distance a threaded part moves axially with respect to a fixed mating part,
in one complete revolution.
h Single thread: A thread having the thread form produced on only one helix of
cylinder. On a single thread, the lead and pitch are equivalent. Threads are always
single unless otherwise specified (Fig. 2).
h Multiple thread: A thread combination having the same form produced on two or
more helices. For a multiple thread, the lead is an integral multiple of the pitch (e.g.
on a double thread, lead is twice the pitch). A multiple thread permits a more rapid
advance without a coarser (larger) thread form (Fig. 2).
Figure 2
Figure 3
4
.250-20 UNC-2A-LH
d e
a b c
Metric Type
M20 x 2
x y z
Figure 4
Figure 5
5
Figure 8
Figure 6
Figure 9
Figure 7
Nut
Bolt
Figure 10
Figure 11
R2
l0
R
r
K = 3d
l = tabulated
l0 = 2d to 2.5d
l2
l3
l1
l
m
h
A = 1.1d
s = 0.15d
c = s to 2s
R = 1.5d
r = based on R
R2 = 0.5c
l0
h = 0.7d
Dw = 2.2d
d1
D = 2d
H = 0.8d
R
r
s H
d1
d = major diameter
d1 = 0.85d
l2 = l1 + 0.5d
Dw
Dw
l1 = 1.25d
l3 = l1 + 0.4d
Figure 12
Bolted Joint
m = tabulated
n = tabulated
Figure 13
Stud Joint 8
Figure 15