NF EEE \\ MACHINE DESIGN - An Integrated Approach 3-26a-1 PROBLEM 3-26a Statement: A beam is supported and loaded as shown in Figure P3-11d. Find the reactions, maximum shear, and maximum moment for the data given in row a from Table P3-1. Units: N:=newton Given: Beam length Distance to distributed load Distance to reaction load Distributed load magnitude Concentrated load FIGURE 3-264 Solution: ‘See Figures 3-26 and Mathcad file P0326a. Free Body Diagram for Problem 3-26 1. From inspection of Figure 3-26aA, write the load function equation, g(x) = R.? + Ryse- b> 1 - Fox a>! 2. Integrate this equation from -> to x to obtain shear, V(x) V(x) = R, = wex- a>!+ Rye - b>0- Fex- a>? 3. Integrate this equation from -2° to x to obtain moment, M(x) M(x) = R," = wx - a>2/2 + Rye - b>! = Fex- a>! 4, Solve for the reactions by evaluating the shear and moment equations at a point just to the right of x = L, where both are zero, Atr=L,V=M=0 VaR ;-w(L-a)+R2- Fe0 MSR 1-R(L-a)*+ R7(L- b)~ FL a)R0 Ry = SL a+ F(b a) w(L~ a)(L~b) R,=147N Rpsw(L-a)+F-R, Rp= 473 5. Define the range for x x:=0-m,0.005-L..L 6, For a Mathcad solution, define a step function S. This function will have a value of zero when x is less than z, and a value of one when it is greater than or equal to z. S(x,2) = if'x2z, 1,0) 7. Write the shear and moment equations in Mathcad form, using the function S as a multiplying factor to get the effect of the singularity functions. V(x) :=R p-S(x,0-m) — wS(x,a)(x- a) +R yS(x,b)- F-S(x,a) M(x) Rp S(x,0-m)x— Slx,a)-(x— a)? +R y-S(x, 6) 6) ~ FS(x,a)-(x- a) 90MACHINE DESIGN - An Integrated Approach 3264-2 \_ 8. Plot the shear and moment diagrams. — 00 Diagram 375 250 us we | 2) 9 _ -20 -0s ~300 ° 02 oa os os 1 Moment Diagram FIGURE 3-26aB Shear and Moment Diagrams for Problem 3-26a 9. Determine the maximum shear and maximum moment from inspection of the diagrams. Maximum shear: V pay '=| M(b~ 0.001-m) | V max = 393°N Maximum moment occurs where V is zero, which is x = a: M max ‘=| M(a) | M imax = 58.7¢N-m 1MACHINE DESIGN - An Integrated Approach 4-26a-1 ( PROBLEM 4-26a Statement A beam is supported and loaded as shown in Figure P4-11d. Find the reactions, maximum shear, maximum moment, maximum slope, maximum bending stress, and maximum deflection for the data given in row a from Table P4-2. Units: Ni=newton MPa:=10°.Pa GPa:=10"-Pa Given: Beam length istance to distributed load Distance to Ry Distributed load magnitude Concentrated load Ry R2 IRs FIGURE 4-264 Free Body Diagram for Problem 4-26 Moment of inertia Distance to extreme fiber Modulus of elasticity E = 207-GPa Solution: See Figures 4-26 and Mathcad file P0426a. 1. From inspection of Figure P4-11d, write the load function equation Q(x) = Reo - Fox + a>" = wea - a>? + Rx b> - Rye D> 2. Integrate this equation from -<0 to x to obtain shear, V(x) V(x) = R,- Fee - a> - wee - a>! + Rix - b>? - Rye - D> 3. Integrate this equation from -<0 to x to obtain moment, M(x) (M(x) = R,! - Fax - a>! - wor - a>3/2 + R! = ys 4, Integrate the moment function, multiplying by 1/EI, to get the slope. (2) = [8,972 = Fee « a>4/2 - wx - a>/6 + Rxx - D2 + Rye L>3/2 + CET 5. Integrate again to get the deflection. Ys) = [R,<>216 ~ Fx ~ a>3/6 - wx - a>4/24 + R St - B>U6 + Rye - LU6 + Cx + CEL 6. Evaluate Rj, Rz, Ry, C, and C, 0, therefore, C,= 0. Atr=L+V=M=0 Guess Ry, :=100-N R27 :=100-N R3=100N C3 :5-5.Nemi Given Fy a3 ‘ 3 Fo ay-2(b-a)'+C 3 be 0N. are 2 7 R Fre ay (L- a) 2 (Lb) $C LON? 6 - 6 F-w(L=a)+R +R 320-N R yb FUL a) S(L~ ay + Ryle b)=0-N-m 150eee eee eee ‘=find(R 1,R 2,R 3,C 3) Ry=11233eN = Ry =S59.1TN Rg =-S1.508N Cg = “5.607 Nem 7. Define the range forx x =0-in,0.002.L..L 8, Fora Mathcad solution, define a step function S. This function will have a value of zero when x is less than z, and a value of one when itis greater than or equal to z. S(x,z) = f\x2z, 1,0) 9. Write the shear and moment equations in Mathcad form, using the function S as a multiplying factor to get the effect of the singularity functions. Vx) SR p-S(x,0-in) — F-S(x,a)— w-S(x,a)(x— a) +R -S(x,b) +R 3°S(x,L) 2 Sx, 0-in) x= FS(x,a)(x= a) = *.S(x,a)(x- 2) +R yS(x,b){x- 6) 10. Plot the shear and moment diagrams. ‘SHEAR, N MOMENT, N-m 0 200 400 600 $00 1000 0 © 200 400 6008001000 al al FIGURE 4-; ‘Shear and Moment Diagrams for Problem 4-26a 11, From the diagram, we see that maximum shear occurs atx = b-, V max = V(b — 0.001-mm) V max =~428°N 12, The maximum moment occurs at x = a, M max '=M(a) M max =449°N-m 13. Write the slope and deflection equations in Mathcad form, using the function S as a multiplying factor to get the effect of the singularity functions. See Figure 4-26aB where these functions are plotted. 151MACHINE DESIGN - An Integrated Approach R a) a 3 ‘S(x,0-in) et S(x,a)(x-a)?— 2 s(z,a)(e~ 2)? : 2 + R S(x,b)-(x— wre ste,b) (x-LP +3 mela) E. 6 R +2 st,be- bye (x, 0: ine % S(x,a)-(x- a= Fsz.a)42- on RG S(x,L)(x- LP + C 3x 14, Maximum slope occurs between x = a andx = b 8 max =9.0576-deg 4-26a-3, 15, Maximum deflection occurs between x =O andx= a Y may '=-0.200-mm 16. The maximum bending stress occurs at x= a, where the moment is a maximum. For ¢ = 20mm © max = 31.5*MPa SLOPE, deg. DEFLECTION, mm a os ° a2 @ azo mm 0.1 | -\———— 005 02 “a1 -03 Oras: autor or © 02 04 06 of 1 FIGURE 4-26aC ‘Slope and Deflection Diagrams for Problem 4-26a 152 /