Western civilization midterm study guide-Fall 2016

Who was known for being a powerful and violent man who used a club to defeat his enemies?
Who was known as the first serious Greek philosopher (thinker)?
Who was considered the most beautiful woman, who left her fiancee to marry another which began a 10-year war?
He is called the Father of History because he was the first to write about western civilization.
He is called the Father of Medicine.
Which of the two twin brothers emerged as the founder of Rome?
Polis is the Greek word for:
What was and still is the capitol of Greece?
The middle class of the Roman Republic were called:
Who was the Roman leader who ultimately destroyed Carthage?
What was the name given to the center of the city of Rome?
When Rome captured the Slave Army the men were tortured along what popularly traveled road?
What was the most popular method of torture by the Roman Army?
The First Triumvirate will mark the end of a period in Rome called:
Who was the Roman writer who wrote of Caesar he wanted to rule the Earth and the stars?
Who was the wife of Caesar warning him of his death in a dream?
Gaul is the ancient name for which nation?
Greece is often called the birth place of:
The first Olympics were held in which city in 776 BC?
What was created by the Greek mathematician, Anaximander, showing infinity?
Who was the leader of the Slave Army?
The Roman Republic grew so large it was divided into sections called:
The Roman Republic grew so large it was divided into sections and led by men called:
What did the Romans call a large farm worked by slaves?
The richer classes of Rome were called:
Two men who ran the Roman Republic were called:
What is the basis of Roman law?
The Romans fought this enemy over control of the Mediterranean Sea.
Who was the leader of Carthage who used elephants in battle?
Which Roman general offered reform for his men, land and money if they joined the army and were successful in battle?
His father died at age 16 forcing him to grow up fast, feared nothing and by age 18 only wanted power.

Who made up the First Triumvirate?

Which Roman river is no army allowed to cross so as not to scare the Senate and keep peace in Rome?
Which member of a Triumvirate had his head cut off by order of the Egyptian king and presented to a Roman general as a gift?
Jesus Christ was crucified on Cavalry Hill, also known as:
Followers of Jesus Christ spread the word of his life and were called:
What was Caligulas name because he grew up in a military family and always wore military clothes as a child?
Incitatus, an emperors horse, was often invited to dinner, even suggesting the horse should be a senator. What was the name of
the emperor who owned the horse?
Who became the first hero of Germania, growing up Roman, and then fought to free his people from Roman rule?
What is a subsistence farmer?
The worship of many gods is called:
Who is credited with rebuilding Rome better than any, was also a paranoid man who had walking stones polished so he could
see others around him, and dreamed of his death?
Someone born in the Roman countryside was called:
Which Roman emperor was the first to wear a beard, built a wall across Britannia and not loved by his wife?
Which group of people did the Romans try to defend themselves against after building walls?
Which Roman emperor would build the second wall across Britannia?
When Emperor Vespasian died, who became the emperor who killed and enslaved the Jews (Judea, the most difficult Roman
province) who would no longer worship Roman gods?
When the Jews of Judea were killed or enslaved, which monument was built to honor the victory?
Who was the Roman governor ordering Jesus Christ crucified?
What was the name Jews gave Jesus Christ believing him to be the son of God?
What was the name of the soldiers who protected the Roman emperor created by Octavian?
The father was the head of the family and Romans called this:
What does the term Pax Romana mean?
Which follower of Christ, the first pope, wanted to be crucified on his head, not believing he should die in a similar way?
Which Roman emperor built the FIRST wall built across Britannia?
Which Roman emperor started the worlds first outdoor market several stories high full of shops and began what many believe
is the first postal service in the world?
Who was the Egyptian boy-king and his age?
What does the term Rex-Lex mean?
Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate?
Which emperor played the fiddle and is said to have burned the city of Rome so he could rebuild it?
Which follower of Christ was crucified on the X as a penalty for bringing Christianity to Scotland?

Who was the Roman father of the gods?

Who was the Roman god of wine and celebration?
Who was the Roman god of the sun?
Which stadium was built with seating for 250,000 to view chariot races?
Which stadium was built for gladiator blood-sport, seating 50,000?
Which fishing village was buried by a volcano on Aug. 24-25, 79 AD, in ash?
Which tourist city was buried by a volcano on Aug. 24-25, 79 AD, in lava?
What was used by government to assist the Roman poor to eat more regularly?
What does the Latin term Optimus Princips mean regarding the popularity of one emperor?
How long was the FIRST wall built in Britannia?
What was the length of the SECOND wall built across Britannia?
What was the name of the mountain which exploded burying two Roman cities?
(Gaius) Julius Caesar
His father died at age ____forcing him to grow up fast, he had nerves of steel, feared nothing and by age ____ wanted only power. In 61 BC, he had a
reputation for being brutal on the battlefield. Even the Roman Senate feared him. Caesar was considered violent and to ______________ (satisfied) him he
was made one of the two ____________. By 60 BC, Caesar asked ___________________ and ____________________ to join him in ruling Rome
together. This would be the __________________________ (three men) who would lead Rome together. This makes Rome an _____________. The
Roman _________________ is dead. By 58-51 BC-Caesar is now interested in expanding Rome and wants _________ (France), fought for ___ years,
defeated them and took over ___ million slaves. During the campaign,, Caesar brought war and suffering to a new level by killing about 1.2 million. Caesars
army loved him because he let them do as they pleased when they conquered territory. Crassus did not have to worry about his power long.
He was killed in battle against the __________________ (Middle East) around 53 BC trying to equal Caesars victory and the enemy cut off his head, put it
on a pole and used it in a play. Pompey, now terrified, knows Caesar is after him. Caesar decides to kill Pompey, but he has to go to the city of _________ to
do it. Caesar is openly prepared to kill Pompey and declares war on him. Pompey leaves Rome and runs to _____________ with his army afraid of having to
fight mighty Caesar, but he is followed. Roman law stated no Roman general can cross the ______________ River with an army. An army crossing the
river would be a threat to Roman government and ______________. Caesar did it anyway, terrified the Senate, which is exactly what Caesar wanted. When
Caesar found Pompeys army in Greece, many of Pompeys men deserted in fear of Caesar. When the two armies fought, Pompeys men were slaughtered,
Pompey escaped and ran to ________________ in fear of Caesar and certain death. Pompey just knew Caesar would let him go. He was wrong. Caesar
followed him. When Caesars army got to the final destination they were met by ___-year-old Egyptian King ______________ in the city of
_____________________. When Caesar met the king on the beach he was given a basket as a gift. Inside was the severed head of ______________.
Caesar cried like a child. Egypt now had to worry. Egypt was a wealthy kingdom with a weak army, a 10-year-old king and the Romans had NOT conquered
that part of the Mediterranean coast. The Roman Senate was afraid if Caesar conquered Egypt he would get richer and more powerful. If the soldiers got
richer, would they be more loyal to Rome or Caesar? But Caesar was distracted. When meeting the queen named, ________________, 21, he fell in love.
She was beautiful, rich, smart, and ruthless. She knew Egypt could not stop Rome in any way, so she became a very good friend of Caesar and ______ was
her weapon. She did not want to share power with her brother/husband and wanted control of everything around her. Egyptian Army General ___________,
who controlled the army for the king, wanted to kill Caesar, destroy his army, imprison the king and queen and take control. Caesar eventually took control
and once commented after his victory, _____________________________________________________________.
Meanwhile, Caesar and Cleopatra had a son in 47 BC and named him ____________________________. One year later, Caesar returns to Rome with his
new family and his queen at his side. Treasure was brought back to the Senate by Caesar to prove he was no threat to them. The Senate knew Caesar was
popular and were forced to make him dictator. Caesar became even more popular with common people when he:

*Cancelled the ___________ of Roman farmers so they could keep their farms. *Instituted a new Calendar with ______ days (from 304) and named the
month of ___________ (his first name was Julius) after himself. *Reduced taxes of all citizens by one-third. *Grant citizenship to conquered peoples (this
would mean more taxes for government). The common man loved him. The Roman writer _________________ once wrote Caesar not only wanted to rule
the Earth, but the stars as well. The Romans in power had no love of Cleopatra. She was not Roman and many did not like her having a child with a Roman
man. Meanwhile, a group of Senators plotted Caesars death. Two of them, _______________ and _____________ planned the assassination. On March
14, 44 BC, at a party at Caesars home, he is asked by guests, What is the best death? Caesar replied, A sudden one. The next morning Caesars wife,
___________________, begs her husband not to visit the Senate to conduct government business. She dreamed the night before he was covered in blood.
__________________ urges Caesar to ignore her fear and meet the Senate. On the walk to work, legend indicates a ______________________ (who could
see the future), whispered to Caesar on the morning of his death, Beware of the Ides of _______________ (15). It was intended as a warning that a plot to
kill him was being prepared. Caesar ignored him. When Caesar enters the Senate he was attacked by about 60 men holding _____________, or small
knives. Caesar covered himself with his robe so no one could see him die. Even Brutus stabbed him. Before Caesar dies he looked at Brutus and asked,
___________________________? Caesar was stabbed multiple times. His bloody body was left on the Senate floor for three hours.
Map
Know the following locations on the map of Europe:
UK, Scotland, Spain, France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Russia, Greece, Turkey, Romania, Sicily, Mediterranean Sea, English Channel, Austria, Norway.