ns), NVWINVSD | JCONTENTS Nouns ~ Los nombres The Imperative, Present Simple, Present Continuous, Stative Verbs — EI imperativo, el presente simple, el presente continuo y verbos que no suelen emplearse en la forma continua R EW Units 1 and 2 The Past Simple and Past Continuous, used to / would — El pretérito perfecto simple y el pasado continuo, used to / would Modals and Semi-Modals — Los verbos modales y los semimodales R EW Units 3 and 4 Adjectives — Los adjetivos Adverbs — Los adverbios JEW Units 5 and 6 Relative Clauses — Las oraciones de relativo The Passive Voice | - La voz pasiva | EVIEW Units 7 and 8 Present Perfect Simple and Continuous — El pretérito perfecto compuesto y el pretérito perfecto compuesto continuo Past Perfect Simple and Continuous ~ El pretérito pluscuamperfecto y el pretérito pluscuamperfecto continuo REVIEW Units 9 and 10 The Future — El futuro So / Such, Too / Enough Units 11 and 12 Connectors — Los conectores Conditional Sentences — Las oraciones condicionales Units 13 and 14Der cia " Ce Le Ce eee CORT SoU eee Sea 1 @ NE A Bt Se ene Sea Ca eae eer CT Coe le LY Ue ed ace ee eC a eee ‘saaquiouosd so] —sunouosd J XINIddV #7 pur €z sun, SqIOA [PSE sauolp|sodaud se} — suonsodaig ZZ pue 17 SU) MBIAZ SOANJesneD SoquaA $07 ~ sannesne> soxoopiad sajepow soqian so} - saVIag |ePOW 07 pue 61 UD M3IAS auin 5.31 “anag pey ‘“sayper pjnom “oanunigns |g — awn 5,1 sanaq pey ‘sayzes pjnom ‘annountqns ayy seiouasajaid A soasap eseidxa ap sopow — saoua.ajaid Suyssoidxa yo shen pur saysi nn 91 pue zi sun 4 onnjuyut ja 4 orpunsa® |3 — sanniuyu pue spunseD IL eaised 204 &7 — |] 22104 anisseg ay, 91 pue Si sun MSIASS {1 opeaIpur ONS [9 - 11 Yeads poyodey | opauipu! ojnse [3 — | yovads pauodayNOUNS - LOS NOMBRES NOUNS: COUNTABLE AND NON-COUNTABLE — LOS NOMBRES: CONTABLES Y NO CONTABLES: ARTICLES: A/ AN, THE ~ LOS ARTICULOS: A/ AN, THE THE PLURAL FORM — EL PLURAL POSSESSION — LA POSESION COMMON NOUN ENDINGS — TERMINACIONES MAS FRECUENTES DEL NOMBRE QUANTIFIERS | — LOS CUANTIFICADORES | QUANTIFIERS II — LOS CUANTIFICADORES II MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS — LOS NOMBRES MASCULINOS Y FEMENINOS. COMPOUND NOUNS ~ LOS NOMBRES COMPUESTOS PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES — LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES DE SUJETO Y OBJETO; LOS PRONOMBRES Y ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS; LOS PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS“mou Uapsed ay) Ut (SUP 10. ) saauapaes mau ayy. “ynyneag (218 5) aT yaaM SIY] asNoY Jay} (SUI\jos a12 Suijjos S|) YRS SAW pure IW ‘Jooyps ye yalqns ayjiNoary AW (o1” ‘s)) SIMBUMAYTEW. “Bupjooys ayinb (9:2 ‘s!) smau ysayej ay) “Jasuns Je jnynNeag (5/00) 9/00) sAemje AYS OY “mou Jayndwod e asn 0} (Sujuee| aie “Suyuuea| s\) AMByasIas INE “mou Yodue ay) ye (012 /) aBesseq 1nO -pjog us sunou ayy oy Suypsoooe “qa jeanjd 40 sejnurs v asooyD <—_ | aSIDYaxa os (o21pguad un ‘ajqequoa) Jaded & (jaded ‘ajqeyuo9 ou) iaded "sayqejuod ou A sajqe}u0s owi0d assezijiIN uapand sasquiou sounsjy ouL ‘oquaa jap sejnBuys eunsoy e] UOD UesN as asduua}s ISeD Sajqe}UOD OU se4quIOU SOT -pnoy A194 st ofsmuH 3, oy Sf 3978 310M 1e8ns sonewrayyeur uy raypeam pues vonewoput 13yeM, adoy 2aqJ02 ayqnon oisnut spomautoy arrjosoy> awn Aauour day 11g eat yqrur ny aorape :sojdurafo sounsje uo> eysy ayuayniis e] esasqO ‘sayesouinu ap sopipazaid uen eounu A sejnBuss uauan, 0/05 $9jqe}U0D OU SOT uaur U9} ‘ueUT a0 S[M8 ow [8 ato -yeanyd & sen urs uowan jue) 40d “esoumu un oud sowopod anb so] aque sojjanbe wos s9jqe}U09 Soy ams ad &¢ ne aL “sajqejuoo ou A sajqezu0d :sodna8 sop ua se>qy)sep> uapand as souquiou soy g ‘aSemnoo qa pamoys uesng 38a) a3 Yoo sdnd Lani ‘apy eun o 4e8nj un ‘esoo eun ‘euosiad un v asayos as aiquiou uy) S31GVLNOD ON 4 SA1EVLNOD SANEWON SOT - 318VLNNOD-NON GNY 31SVLNNOD ‘SNNON2 ARTICLES: A/ AN, THE — LOS ARTICULOS: A / AN, THE A/AN A El articulo indefinido a / an se usa con los nombres contables en singular. A va delante de las consonantes y de vocales que se pronuncian como un diptongo. a book aman a iversity An va delante de sonidos vocilicos o de una h que no se pronuncia. anomelette an Los dos se usan delante de un nombre no especifico 0 cuando aparece por primera vez. También podemos afiadir un adjetivo o un adjetivo y un adverbio entre a / any el nombre. ur He is staying at a new hotel He is reading an unusually long book. A se usa con ciertos ntimeros y expresiones de cantidad. n you count to a hundred in Vl have a couple of oranges, pleas He needs a bit of time El articulo a / an se emplea en ciertas expresiones de velocidad, frecuencia 0 precio. En tales casos se podria poner también per. The car was travelling at one hundred kilometres an hour (per hour ndparents three times a week (per week) I visit my These mushrooms cost t s a kilo (per kilo) Recuerda que no se usa a / an con nombres no contables. Pl and butter on your way homeparsea 1aaa aaey | SUIM 3S9q ay ST STULL “(G peptun saa) soanepsadns soj vod ugiquie} esn as ayy 4 srayjaea 0} JOoyDs ay} 07 OF siuATEd Inq ‘TooyDs 01 vueysiA e ‘ojduiafa 40d ‘sauy soso uoD sown 1s ojauod sowaqap o1ad ‘uosaAnsjsuod as anb 13 esed uy Ja U0D SONIS SOSd v SOWIRA Is ONDE sourauod ou jaysew A jooyps Yendsoy ‘uostid ‘jadey> owod sesgejed uo) 7 uaIppryp H2yp eau ndnd pure siayoeay, syuuay pur qjeqrooy Surdeyd ayey J rey ayy pue ouerd ayp ‘any ayy vun sesa.dxe sowrasanb opuend oanolpe un ap opines vA ay; “(Spuepiayjan ay)) sasred sounsye ‘“eseyes ay) soysarsap “(Sspueysy Asreue) ay)) sejst “(sdjyy ay)) Seuejuowi “(eas 4>e/q aY4)) saseur “(afin 24y}) Sol “(sypiwus ay}) Opyjjade ns 4od eyjjusey Pun e souresquiou opuend oj9s ‘seuosied :ap sordoud sosquiou aque vajduia as ugiquiey — g (opeuornuaw ey as eA) “siuapms JO [[0Y St pooymnoqysrou ayy, ‘pooysnogysiau Aut wr saay ays (eyonosa anb ja 40d owoo ejqey anb ja sod oyue) sepjxou0d ‘sejaiguon seuosiad seun) ‘[ny19pUOM a19M adoad ay IYFNOYp | (euny eun Aey oj9s) “WYBTUIOY WYStIq ATOA st WOOUT aY.T, ‘peplsojsajue yoo opeuopuaw uekey as anb sosquiou ajue A peanjd ua owod sejnSuys ua ojUe} sooysoadsa SaiquiU ap ayuejap kZ1/NN as ay) Opluyap OjNINe |] JHLnner ee EXERCISE 2 {> Fill in the blanks with a or an where necessary. Remember: They appear before singular countable nouns. Mary bought John had ... red sweater, but John bought . .. orange one . ice cream and Rachel had .. -- orange. lan wants to be ......... architect and Jane wants to be .. . lawyer. Where can | get .. information about the trip? hour. Mike had operation yesterday. We went on ......... European tour and saw ........ lot of beautiful places. + a. 3, 4 5. This job will take me about 6. 7. 8. - UN peacekeeping force, including ..... group of soldiers from France, has been sent to ......... 9. We bought......... tea, . milk at the supermarket. 10. In fairy tales, ......... handsome prince usually marries ......... poor girl. 11. Lasked him for .... 12. We had . . advice, but he couldn't help me. excellent weather on our holiday. a EXERCISE 3 > Fill in the blanks with the where necessary. 1. Thave given ..!!2°.. dog his dinner. 2. Ithink.......... dogs make good pets; in fact, | think they are ......... best. 3. I don't like .. . children next door. 4. lonly like ......... children when they are well behaved. 5. We took .. children to ......... Istanbul when we were in ......... Turkey. 6. ... book I have just finished reading was written by ......... Sue Townsend. 7. .. Stephen King book | have just finished is ......... best | have ever read. 8. Do you think that ......... honesty is really the best policy? 9. We have ......... cornflakes every morning for ......... breakfast. 0. Before you go to ......... London, go and see ......... Brian. He is from there and can tell you . best theatres to go to and where to get ......... good meals. ae 12. L always enjoy seeing .. . food is in oven. beauty ofLL urergo 0} Asea you si uoeWUOJUI “"""" soUAWOS “1 “ss9]0woy anoge 8u0s & a}04M SUIIIOD [Id “PL “4 Mo}I04 01 Asea ssa] Ang ‘aoiape ~~" aAlB oy AsBa AIDA SII “EL juawiaalBe “"" 9} aulos 19Aa Ue aM YUL NOC. “ZL pag“ 0} 08 ‘pain aye nod J) “LL quapisaid sp“ Jaw pur asnoyy ay, aE 0} Juam ay ‘UOBUIYseAA “77777 0} JUaM JUApisaid URISSNY " UBYM “OL S1aqao Supjuns soye oquepy YUON “"""" UL yuRs TEENY“ “ZLEL UL “6 ‘urequnow ysaysiy s,pom si sa40nq JuNoW @ juag Sig “"""" 9as nod pip ‘uopuoy or quam nod uayM *Z ‘uolun *""""* 0] Su0jaq 01 soadojduia 4134 Moye JOU Pjnom Asmuad yse] ““""""~ UJ sIBUMO AsoIDe} AULY) “9 Ja1oH] pueiy Je padeis aM DOA MON“ OF UM aM UY “S -sreak Aueus Joy uosud “+ 0 ajdoad puas ued o8pni + Spay v ur yuu and aseaig “€ azis YB“ 398 NOK auns aye ‘49qeOM Ang nok y°Z Sa snua, youe|d Ly “yyy uaeq aney 1Y8iwu UIE am yoy 4yBtu yse] seis WYBiuq Ayan "MPS MA *L v ASIOYaXa3 THE PLURAL FORM — EL PLURAL A El plural se suele formar afiadiendo s al nombre singular (book —» books). Sélo los nombres contables tienen forma plural. Los no contables siempre van en singular. 1 Cuando el nombre acaba en s, en un sonido parecido a la s (z, ch, x, sh) 0 en 0 se afiade es. bus —> buses box —» boxes church —> churches tomato —» tomatoes Pero hay algunas excepciones: piano —» pianos radio > radios 2 Si el nombre singular acaba en vocal 0 en y se afiade s. table —» tables key —> keys Pero si lay va precedida de consonante se cambia por una iy se afiade es. lady > ladies lorry > lorries 3 Hay algunos nombres que acaban en f y fe que cambian estas letras por v y se les afiade es. thief > thieves half —» halves knife —» knives wolf —> wolves wife —> wives shelf —» shelves Pero existen algunas excepciones que forman el plural afiadiendo cliff > cliffs handkerchief —» handkerchiefs Nombres como hoof o scarf pueden tener ambos plurales. hoof —> hoofs, hooves scarf —» scarfs, scarves 4 Existen algunos plurales irregulares que debes aprender de memoria. child —> children ox —> oxen foot —» feet person > people man —> men tooth —> teeth mouse —> mice woman —» women Y otros que tienen la misma forma en singular que en plural. one deer —> two deer one salmon —> two salmon B_ Algunos nombres s6lo existen en plural y van seguidos de un verbo plural: glasses, savings, trousers, scissors, etc. These scissors are sharp.€L “00 ayy Ul -awoy ye * “kepoy jooyps woyy Ajsea aWOY aUeD “"~ iINJME MOH “WOO4ssEID JNO UI“ “kepiaysak yon 00) ued | “uny “* TYBIU yse] yNO |ay ~ “asnoy no ul * “dn-ayew seam 0} 41] * * aalyy Arey aM “8 AY} YIEM 0} SAA] BUOAIBAZ “ZL + Au ya} |-9Iqnon UL WL] “9 aul °6 “ gasy PUNO] AM\ “b “= Auew °€ AW TZ * s,uos AW Jo OME “1 uewom 4 joo) 4 ompes a asnow Aoyuow a day 4 300) & pIYD *spsom ay} [je asn 0} Aap ‘mojaq sunou ayy jo wo} jeanjd ayy YM syuryg ayy ul [py <_ 9 3sIDYNaxa ee oq sso adojaaua xoq Aqeq ysim yjo0 au 15 “GL “ri €L “TL gel “OL 6 ureq “8 Anuno> -Z oewor °9 joo °¢ aiqe “y uew “¢ anos -z ya ob “mojaq sunou ayp jo wos jeanjd ay UM inpe ‘Suu ow1oD souquiou sounSfy :e}0N “aja ‘sonauoyd ‘sonyod ‘sonseuwA3 ‘sopewayjeus :4epnBuls ua Oquar un ap sopin8as uea o1ad ‘Sayeanjd uaaased s ua ueqese anb soiquiou soar) >4 POSSESSION ~ | LA POSESION Para expresar la posesién de personas, animales o paises solemos emplear el genitivo saj6n, que consiste en aiadir al nombre del poseedor un apéstrofo (‘)y una s. A. Siel sustantivo ya acaba en s aiiadimos solo el apéstrofo (9. The bird's wing is broken | These are the girl’s hats. (los sombreros de una nifia) i These are the girls’ hats. dos sombreros de varias nifias) |B Sies un sustantivo compuesto, es decir, formado por varias palabras, aiiadimos ‘sal final de la tiltima, Today is my brother-in-law’s birthday That's the Queen of England’s yacht | C Aun nombre propio singular acabado en s se le puede afiadir ‘s 0 sdlo el apéstrofo. James's car is very fas James’ car is very fast D Cuando dos personas poseen la misma cosa se pone ‘s detras de la tiltima. Mary and Peter's we ing was love! Pero si cada una tiene una cosa, se afiade ‘s a las dos. | Mary's and Jane’s birthday. (cada una tiene su propio cumpleafios) E Siempre se usa el genitivo sajén en estos casos: 1 expresiones de tiempo aweek’s holiday twenty minutes’ break _—_ today’s paper 2 vehiculos the car’s engine 3 organizaciones government's policy Nota: Podemos omitir la cosa posefda si se trata de una casa 0 una tienda o ya se ha nombrado anteriormente. I'm going to my mother’s uutcher’s Whose pen is this? It’s David's.SL “ead yse| 29107] Jo swaod ayy paipms aw “Ss -Apauuay quapisaig Jo uONeUIssesse ay} Jaquiawid |JNs ajdoed AueW “fy awoy We st uoIkg Sy) pur sy Jo UOS ay. “€ “jidnd aip jo urejdwoo ayy op pauaysy| soyseay ay, °Z “suOsUYof ay} 0} SBUOJAq asNoy sIyL *L +, 40 5, apnpput 0} saduaquas Suymoyjoy ayy aHuMoy 8 aSIDYaxXa amen S,YMwuS AW °> yuwis AW “4 sys sy “e -uoy =" oa oe Pity > uaupliy> “4 suaup|iy> “e * 40} poo8 you s} ayejOI0YyD “ZL s,Aoq "> sshoq “q shoq *e ey ~ uo aas pjnod am “9 sSop ayy “> sop ayy “e ~ s| Sop ayy jo ey ayL °S sanaiyy ay) ‘9 sjaiyy ayy “q. /SOABIYY AY "e “oud S} yup ayy Jo PWD aYL “b ssaigeq ay) ‘9 s,Aqeq ay) “q saiqeg ay) “e “A” 1 saiqeq ayn jo AD OyL “€ saipej ay “9 s,Ape| au “q |salpe] ayy “e + 1 Ape| aun jo rey ayL “7 sBury oy “2 s Sup am (q) Bury oye -sjamal > aue Bury ap jo sjamaf ay, *L sramsue yau02 ay} apa Circle the correct answer. 1. Ican’t hear you! We have a bad .. a. connecting b. connect connection 2. Ababy’s is helped by good food and exercise. a. development b. develops c. developmental 3. This .. received the Nobel Prize. a. scientifically b.. scientific c. scientist 4. Which . do you live in? a. neighbour b. neighbourhood c. neighbourly 5. Your story shows that you have a good .. a. imaginary b. imagine c. imagination 6. Did you get an .. to their wedding? a. invitation b. invite c. invitingly 7. The two nations signed an a. agreeable b. agree c. agreement 8. The brothers have a close .. a. relate b. relationship c. relatively 9. Your .. . means a lot to me. a. friends b. friendly c. friendship 10. The farmers are afraid of losing their .. because of the drought. a. livelihood b. lively c, livesab “oT UO poate uray / sjidnd aya Jo auON, ' QUON {708 nos aay AUT yONUT MOF 194 paatue sey au0 oN / ApOgoN ‘Syooq Ow 108 avy T “Surqpou 208 ued | AauOUT OU 108 BAkY [ ‘siquiouosd un ap 0 pesnyd aiquiow un ap opinas va so auoyy “aaquiou un ap opingas ea eounu auoN ‘2u0 ou 0 Apogou Suiyjou ‘e.quiou + ou souraspuod anb outs Aue soweajduta ou ‘o§je eau sowiosanb o1ad varjeulsye ud BA OGsdA [> 1S J ‘Ja ‘aloymautos ‘Sunppauios ‘ouoawios Apoqauos ‘osoyatue Bujyphue ‘ouodue Apoqdue sojsandwiod soy esed uesyjde as 404 ap soureqeoe anb se/So4 seuistuu Se}Sq :210N +s9/8uy ua oaneSou opquas auan ou Aue anb sepeuas ayueysoduyy sy aSessaut v aye} ‘sqjeo Awe ore O11 JT 4rap sandsap « sip pueysiapun wes wapnas Ary queM NOs yoog Aue ax2_1. e/sainbyend, ap opyuas [2 UO + sseaeuuye souopeso ua Aue vajduto ag Z (upnad) jaseayd ‘va autos aavy | weD (oquajuidayo) sax{e9 ax0UK AUTOS aYT[ NOA P/NO\\ -eaneuuye eysandsas eun souresadsa A uo1onad 0 ojua}upayo un esaadxa as opuend eanesoss9juI asey eun ua owios eajduta asf “Aue A awios ap sosn soxyo ezyeuy syyrur Aue 108 3,uaaey amy, oUt 104 sypeo Aue ary) a19\, “sse[p arp Ut saTOpmas autos are axay preoqdno ayy ut ayo autos st 2 -seayeSou A seapeSouojuy ua Aue X seaneuuuye souoIre40 Ud Bsn as 2UIOS “epjuyjapuy pepnues eun o oJownu un sesaudxa ered uesn as Aue /auios STIGVINOD ON A SITAVINOD NOD ~ (10) INON ‘ON ‘ANV “INOS ray YUNP I | SAMOGVDISILNVND SOT - 1 SuaIsILNVND gE NEE ST EOMUCH / MANY, (A) FEW / (A) LITTLE, A LOT OF / LOTS OF / PLENTY OF A. Much, little y a little se usan con nombres no contables. Little tiene un significado negativo (poco) pero a little tiene un sentido positivo (un poco). He hasn’t got much moncy ation. (casi nada de tiempo, poco tiempo) He has a little money left. (no mucho, pero algo) He has little time for r Nota: Much sdlo se emplea en frases negativas ¢ interrogativas. B_ Many, few y a few se usan con nombres contables en plural. Few tiene un sentido negativo (pocos/as), mientras que a few tiene un sentido mas positivo (unos/as cuantos/as). | She has got many friends. (muchos) They have got few contacts here. (pocos, casi ninguno) We have got a few hooks here. (no muchos, pero algunos) Nota: Las expresiones (oo much y too many significan “més de lo que es conveniente o necesario’. You're spending too much time on your hobby There are too many plates on the table. C Alot of, lots of y plenty of pueden usarse con nombres no contables y con contables en plural. There is a lot of / lots of / plenty of food. There have been a lot of / lots of / plenty of problems. acmceioeeRS EXERCISE 10 {> Fill in the blanks with some or any. 1. Will you get me ... . stamps when you go out? 2. Have you got... ... books about computers? 3. We've run out of sugar. Can you let me have .. . , please? 4, Are there .. good programmes on TV tonight? 5. Would you like to see .. photos from our holiday? 6. | bought... .. oranges, because | couldn't see ... .. bananas. 7. dogs make such a lot of noise! 8. There won't be ... .. trains tomorrow; there's going to be a strike. 9. Andrea said she knows .. people who could help me. 10. Jan wanted .. books about ghosts, but the shop didn't have ....“aid | a10Jaq “ pey | ea 0 “quem 1UOP | “ZL Sunyowios Aes aysiu“ “30 a UueWs qq e~ UO INg jJEYY ay] SuPjooy jayoy ayy Ul ya ued NOA “LL Aes pjnoys ays 40 ay ‘AauoW a4 Yoor oYM sMOUD “ “HW -OL “sSuluana au ul op 01 usem 1942 {[910Y 4) 94!) UPIP | 6 “auo8 an] a1aym Aes j,Uop ‘aw sjueM * “8 aiuup oy ayy] NOA Pino °Z * way} Ya] aney ysnw | — sasseyB AW Puy) 7URd] “9 jumo) Jo anuas au zeau “+ + sourjowia10] Ut [a.0Y NOK SEM“ “sea Janau yany si ysl “b 3 * aw pul NOA ued ‘Is 0) “pul yURd | “€ ypeai or “aw pug] nok ued °Z apupey u! asaM nod uayM Bunsauaqut ** “op nod piq ‘L SjaMsue aLlbo ai aoe uokue {pogdue ‘aioymauuos ‘3 yueyq ayy Ut Zt ASIDuaxa wkuadoud wexa aup pip je ay ” , ,aweayp 01 pain sjidnd Auew MoH, -paysiund aq jm sjeaya oym jidnd ~~ + Ang jl ‘ney nod 41 gsajdde pas 108 nok aney “paipnis 1,uaaey Ady] “3sa} ay} ssed 4]1M sjidnd asayy jo “pip uowIs 2eYM 40) UOseal “7 aq ysnu aay, “mou aut [Ja] aseaid ‘qo! ay} op ued Nod AYM UosRaL **~ s} 2494p J] “WONEULIOJUL A140 ay? SEY SYOOg asayp * jciye ae S|uup “ “+ gue aay *AuOs wy ‘ON, 42Yo| 22YOI “B19 SI, ipaysnes s9nau axe ajdoad - “way ur sowuseloud A ayy aney je Aaup ‘op jim sodedsmou * ‘ou 40 Jo auou ‘au LL 3SIDNaxXa ees ~u Gn aoeaS Cal ‘auios IM syuejg ayy Ul {Id Fill in the blanks with much, many, a lot of or plenty of. There may be more than ‘one correct answer. A. Bill is so popular; he has such . friends. We haven't got ... milk left. Ihave got .... . English books, but not in French. can't eat all this! You've given me too .. meat and too. - potatoes. Haven't you got too .... days! luggage? We're only going away for two Don't put too milk in my coffee, please. | don't think very ... .. of that idea. 20‘qured 0} swoos SBTFTTO-ONG |jns ae aay °9 “5418 uo puads 01 ya] Aouow OT SOUS aney 1 “¢ iAeproy e 404 ajog nos ay O08 ajdoad AUEUTION “p “skep TATPIO OM) 10} j0yds wos Aeme sem uly “¢ geo a10W STDS ay!] NOA pinom -z -sduieys ajqenyen Alan SUIS 108 sey ane. *L “mag B 40 apn] ® ‘may ‘az y] YM spaom paulsapun ayy arejday << Slt ASIONaXa ore a j7eY a1] 1 SOO ~ “ION “007 5] SUIION j[Napuom Ajjeal st 401g 1G “SL “WY 404 ajqnoyy “Panlue aM UayM sn Jo ao1]oU ** 2Y2} 0} W9OS UIP PIR “FL en 001 pred nok yu | “EL Yyuiom you Ajjeas sy “duueys po yeyy 404 00) 94/2] ay asnedaq ‘spualy * @ARY TUSBOP 9H “ZL “paaoons way joo JOU Ing ‘sieIs UH} aq 01 UEM ajdoad - “LL 2Buryjawos op siaumo siy yuop Ay “swaiqoid sasne> Sop YL “OL -eay Aw uy“ you ang ‘eayoo Au! Ul aeBns OM “6 “aqui ay) ul op oy JOU Sa1ayy Ing ‘aWUINs ayy UF op 0} sBuIYy 2 “Que a1ay) asNeDAq SI SIY] “JayUM auy Ut you yng ‘Jawwins ay} UJ a4ay sysuNo} ale auay] “g 5 ES I NE WECe eemget eee EXERCISE 16 [> Choose the correct answer. e 15. We don't need ... .. More tomatoes. a. some b. no c)any . The homeless man had ... to sleep. a. somewhere b. nowhere c. anywhere She refused to say to the police. a. nothing b. something cc. anything I'm afraid there isn't .. ... cake left! a, much b. some c. alittle Can | borrow of your books to revise for my exam? a. few b. many c. some I'm sure | heard . .. call my name! a. somebody b. nobody c. anybody Id like to spend . days in Greece. a. a little b. few c. a few . There's food left over from the party. a. much b. alot of c. many Ive read . books you lent me. a. all the b. the whole c. any We didn't meet we knew when we went to the cinema. a. someone b. no one c. anyone Did you do interesting over the weekend? a. nothing b. anything c. a lot of thad .. ‘0 eat yesterday! a, too many b. too much c. alot of . There's . meat left if you'd like some. a. alittle b. little c. any The exam was so difficult that . people passed. a. afew b. some c. few The food was so delicious that was left. a. little b. some c. a littlesayer uayer sey “q ayer jusey “e iwy Jo Ajjis MOH -apisino Sulures 31 pue ye09 e JOU P}jaiquin uP say!oU “* “ue °9 jo 1049 “9 yo. yioq “q jo soypiau -e “yooyps uno Je sasse}p solUas oy ~ = kq pauoddns sem uBredureo Srup-nue ay, °§ soya “9 saypau -q nog jsa}ou aye) Ajqissod ay ue mop{ “1aded sou uad “ sey oua “b ow 9 jo yioa “q saupig “e -popuauauiosas Ayysiy are sui aup JOMNION *> jo 1913 “q sounia °e “nok sueip ‘uy aq jm B91 40 34909 “ 2 Auew(>) 4aupiy °q Auy “8 ~ ——sguadejd GAC 108 aney Aepor ajdoad ~ oy sramsue 1922109 ayy as00y actress prince —» princess waiter —> waitress C Otros son totalmente diferentes en femenino y en masculino. boy —» girl uncle > aunt bull > cow brother —» sister nephew —> niece husband —> wife EXERCISE 18 > Label each noun M (masculine), F (feminine) or B (both masculine and feminine). artist Cn painter V2. see policeman 2. see dancer TO. eee uncle 18. ae doctor a surgeon 1 oe queen 19. as people 4... actor a aunt 20. ase son 5. ue friend TES cc teacher Qe ae nurse (ere daughter V4, se baby 22, oe father 7. see actress 15 child 23. ..... hostess 8... king 16. .... president a saleswoman 24ae $9210) uoisinajan “Oz aye -{ Buuoays “OL ysnuq. °s re 6L jaaya amy 6 ps Jeo0n “GL sBuos “y gem “8 sy -b man “ZL yaysem 8 sojOW *Z sosua] “d pawue “91 Buys 4 usp -9 pres 0 Buysem —-S1 apesuq 9 pray “¢ joom -u uewny “pL aus pp waee “p spi09 “wi oor “€L aeu 2, elem “Eg yooq | uowo> ZL pop -q IY 7 aulysew > pewod “1, apho -e woos *L a 2 a v “GU! asou] YM > Woy spsom ay) puR “g UL asou) IM wou spiom ay} Suryszeur Aq sunou punodwo ws04 “mojaq s}s1] ay) Je YOO] 61 3SIDuaxa aS jasour Kofta nod prp sparsoy YINOA YOY, “auquiou opunges Je S bun apeue as soysanduoa sajqeju0d sasquiou so] ap jeanjd ja 1eu10} Bieg “‘Beq-Burdaays in S104 3,00] aoryo 3sod ap on Su108 ur, 13H -(oureu-uad) soquie anua ugin$ un uod 0 (junos9e 3Jueg) Sopesedas “(ajimasnoy) eagezed ejos eun ua sojunt assiquosa uapand sayena soy ‘oanueysns spur 0 sop 40d opeutioy pys0 oysanduro3 aaquiou uy ueuraotjod v SO1S3NdWOS SaYBWON SOT — SNNON GNNOdWOD 'She turned the . Jane was late for work because her ....... You can clean that wound with some .. 2 3 4, We called the .. 5 6. He paid for his new clothes by ... EXERCISE 20 Use the compound nouns in Exercise 19 to complet the sentences below. .. instead of writing a cheque. of her car sharply to avoid hitting the dog. didnt go off. ... when we saw smoke in the room. ... and alcohol. Amnesty International is well known for its work in the field of 7. When you buy this toothpaste, you get a free .... 8. She has stopped wearing glasses and she’s wearing 9. Put the dirty clothes in the .. . with it. instead. 10. If you stay in a students' residence at university, you may have to share with a PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES — LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES DE SUJETO Y OBJETO; 1 0 | LOS PRONOMBRES Y ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS: LOS PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS A Pronombres personales de sujeto y objeto SUBJECT OBJECT 1 me You you He him She her It it SUBJECT OBJECT We us You you They them A veces conviene utilizar un pronombre en lugar de un nombre para evitar repeticiones. Mary is very tall. She is also thin. (para no repetir Mary, se utiliza el pronombre personal she.) Los pronombres personales pueden ser: 1 sujeto de un verbo She is tall. 2 objeto de un verbo Mary visited him. 26-asey vj ap jeuy je 0 a1quiouosd [ap ‘e1quiou jap sandsap 4e30,09 apand as oAyxayjau [a anb ua ayeliy ‘aiqurouoid 0 asquiou un v sisejup sep eieg € -,epnde urs, ‘,oj05, sod aonpen as Aq ap opipazaid va onIxa[ja4 [0 1S :e10N “euosiad ewisiuu | uos uo}sisodoxd 2] ap ojalgo Ja A oquan jap ojalns ja opuens ‘uorisodaid eun ap sandsaq z “euosiad ewisius 2] uos uo}oe ej ap ojalgo J9 4 opa{ns ja opuend oquaA un ap o}aIGo OWOD 1 :osn sa} uaualy yjesouo S051! yesioy sanjasuiayy yyesuny sanyasinok yyessnod sonjasino yosur SOAIXAIJO4 SQIQUIOUOLY > “epuauayied ugiquie) opuesipuy aiquiou je ueuedwoze sousasod soanalpe soy (yoog Aur @ admnsns aus) “ejouauapied opue2ipur aiquiou un e uaknynsns soaisasod souquiouosd soy suayy sanod sano NAONOwd AAISSISSOd Heyy anod ano aALDaav AAISSISSOd SH sioy Jey sy sy sinok nok aujur Au ~~ NAONOWS sAD3atav AIAISSISSOd AAISSISSOd sonsasod soanalpe A sosquiouoidpe ecmeme | EXERCISE 21 > Fill in the blanks with the correct subject or object pronouns. 1. My name is Terry. asked ... ‘m visiting Spain right now and my friends have . lots of souvenirs. 2. Mary isn’t Italian is French. Her parents used to send to Italy during the summer and that’s why .. . speaks Italian so well. 3. The Johnsons have just phoned because .. .. want to come over tonight. It’s OK with but I’m not sure about my wife. may have other plans. 4, Where's Karen? | haven't seen would meet today. She told here, but there’s no sign of . 5. The weather is horrible. ... ’s been snowing heavily all week. At school, the headmaster told all of . . that if. .. continues to snow, won't have to come to school on Monday. 6. “Who is 2” Lasked when .. .... answered the phone. Bob,” said my friend. | hadn't phoned for weeks and thought .'d forgotten Dc eematanammmesieal EXERCISE 22 > Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjectives or pronouns. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. I-can’t go shopping right now. I'm washing ... .. hair. 2. jill has just had ... .. hair cut because she and Jack are having = picture taken tomorrow. 3. “What a beautiful new car. Is it . =| a “No, it’s not ... . | borrowed it Gaal Mary. It’s 4, “Have you seen “Could those on the table be “No, they're not .. Keys anywhere?” They're Tom's.” shoes . dried very quickly, 5. Larry and | were washing . car and we got ... completely wet. Larry's shoes were canvas, so .. but... .. took two days to dry. 6. We have three children in family. .. older brother, Jack, is living with .. . grandparents in London now because ... school is in London too. _.. house is quite big so they have plenty of room. 286 ~ Aq je aayjoo ayeus ued r0qou sIyL jarnuiw e 10} “ mouog | ue “uad v 308 3,uaney | Aq JP auioy We sem ay asneraq presse sem Xoq apni] ay, guaouo> p01 ayn ye“ ~ folua ays pia “+ asn wayy 29] am os ‘@uoyd ajiqow e 1083,uaney Ady “sowieu “+ * saquiowial 3,UkD | ING ‘UaIpILYD asayy MoUy | “uysnoo Aw $1 oo soy Au ype ~ uMoUuy aA,) “ABW s1 SIL “PLUDUID ay) 0)“ “ya 08 07 sn quem Aay Nm tu CGN Gea G a4, hau “S400q asoy) au aAID -aouea4 ul sony sa1y8nep ~ yng ‘pue|8u3 u! any suosuag oy. “1 7 “sannjpa[pe 40 sunouo.d yda.109 ay) ym syur]q ayy Ut PLY <4 ve ASIDYAaXa fe ey JOO] ay} UO BuIA] WOT OF pasuojaq TetT Sjo0q SU} ye payoo) SIF oMTOGL -g “Powe Ioy s! BISWET STL *Z “Avesionluue AU PUES PUCSMY AU 10) si TUSSI TTL “9 “SAO TIOY axe shay asoyy “¢ “SUT pUE WHO] ye sinoys uayo Taylor Fapjo AW “yp gana] 5[Neg paataoai SUMPOYT Oaeyy “¢ “FOOT SH wy8n0g asnf sey VEST °z ISU OF WOOP WOU SSA SET “ANS 0} JOP xau saat] Gog “Lb “sunouoid y2a1109 ayy YM spiom pauyapun ayy arejdoy <— €¢ ASIOUAaXAa a ELS LE Se TIENT ETS aYOURSELF a TRANSLATION My friends can’t come tonight because their car is in the garage. These children didn’t like the fish. They left it on their plates. They lived in rich neighbourhoods before, but now they’te living in a small house in the country. I love nature and take long walks in the woods every evening. Our host and hostess invited my niece and nephew to spend the weekend in their summer house by the sea. “Would you like some coffee?” “No, thanks. I've just had some.” ' have very little spare time nowadays. He watches too much TV and too many films on DVD. SPOT THE ERROR X She used to live in Poland but now she is living in United States. It took us over a hour to reach the top of the mountain. The latest news are quite shocking. Most woman earn less than men doing the same work. How much TV programmes do you watch every night? It’s very strange but this circus doesn’t have some clowns! This is my girlfriend hat's. When Edward saw him in the mirror, he decided that he needed a haircut. I can’t find my English book. Is this one yours or my? The waiter who served us was excellent and we gave her a large tip.WANILNOD VWWHO4 V1 NA SSuvaIdWa N373NSs ON 3nd sogugA — (SNONNILNOD SHL NI GSN ATIvNSN LON) saU3A SAILVIS ONNILNOD SLN3Saud 73 — SNONNILNOD LNAS3ud SHL SVLNNS3Nd SVT 3G VaNLONYISa VI — SNOILS3ND ONIWNOS OAILVSIGNI Sq 3LNasaud 73 — B1dWIS LNaSaud SHL OALLVaadWI 73 - SALLVaadWI SHL VANILNOD VWUOd V7 Nd ISuva1dwa N3I1dNS ON 4NO SO@¥gA A ONNILNOD JLNASIYd 13 ‘J1dWIS JLNASda%d 14 ‘OAILVYIdWI 13 ~ SAY4A JAILVIS “SQONNILNOD LNISIUd ‘J1dWIS LNASANd ‘IAILVYIdWI HL seerEL IMPERATIVO AFIRMATIVA: Es la forma base del verbo (el infinitivo sin to) Go now! Have a nice day. NEGATIVA: Do not (Don’t) + Ia forma base del verbo Don’t worry. Do not move! A’ Empleamos el imperativo en afitmativa para dar érdenes, hacer sugerencias y pedir a alguien que haga algo. ¥ en negativa para expresar una prohibicién, Come here! Don’t smoke! Have a drink Help me with this big bag! B No suele llevar sujeto, pero podemos afadirlo cuando queremos dejar claro a quién nos estamos dirigiendo. C Do se puede colocar delante dela forma afirmativa para dar mayor énfasis al imperativo, Esto suele ocurrir al expresar peticiones y quejas de forma educada. Do sit down Nota: Cuando el imperativo va seguido de un infinitivo se suele poner entre ambos la conjuncién and en lugar de to. }o try te Li D Dose utiliza incluso con el verbo to be (recuerda que este verbo no Ileva el auxiliar do / does en ningtin otro tiempo verbal): 7 para la forma negativa del imperative Don’t 2 para dar énfasis.ee |NYBIu pooy “jam daajs nod adoy | “Aqeg ayy 1eau aos 01 J0U Nod ¥se 01 241] P,1 Op 0} JeYM a |]a} NOA UaYym YI ay! 1,UOP | j1012M JO YULIP B aL ya8 0} YBnoUa pury aq Nod pinoy, iSunaaw siup so) ae] aq 3,ue> No, gaainb aq 3sn{ nod 3,ue> jumop ws fe nok pinoy, 3] j sulioS gaseaid ‘a10y aw09 Nod UeD, “wos aayesadus ay) Suisn saauaquas Buymoyjo) ay 214 | 3SIDYaxa Te ‘esowutad 2] spur svajdura ayans as “sey294109 os seunso4 sop se] anbuny :e1ON jwotp MoTTOF 8,39] 3,40 jnoys 20U 5,327 :sesaueu sop ap 100ey apand as eaneSou e7 juossay amp astaar 8,397] juonnyos v puy saat —jApmas saaT “aqueyqey fe adnpuy sand ‘epeziaens uapio Bun o vjouasoSns tun e>Ipul a oquan jap aseq PUIO} 2] + (81 J2)) 5,)2] UOD esasdsa as yeanjd jap euosiad esowtad ap oayesoduu [3 eun20 2} as tu, sod aonpesy as eayeSau euros ej ‘ouR{ja}sed UJ “0A Ua 0}UaIE [a sauod 4 ZoA e] ap oud} a UO) UgIDe}.U1 B] 4eIIpU! SoMMagap se;qeY JY :e}ON jPAOW NOK I,NOG —_aPAYD 01 ANY NOK 3,40q] ive nox “sopeyiu soweysa anb se24pur esed ‘eaneSou tua owoo eanewuye ua ojue} ‘oanesoduit jap aquejap 104 soureadura s9904 Y _- may # aPE em ec EXERCISE 2 > Answer the following questions using the words in brackets and the affirmative or negative form of the imperative, 2. I'm going to the post office. Do you want anything? (get stamps) Yes, .. 3. ’m making lunch. Would you like to join me? (make sandwich) Yes, ... 4. Do you want to watch this DVD with me? (put on) YOR, un 5. Can | open the window? (open) — 6. Can you explain it again, please? (pay attention) All right, but .... 7. We're in a hurry. Are you ready? (wait) No, I don’t want to go, so ... 8. What are you doing tonight? (phone) | don’t know. ... 34Joous 105 210] Jaaau ure plo on syyem sAeane 94] ‘aq 0) oquaa jap sandsap ardurays 4 yediourad oquaa jap ajuejap ures9}09 as “3}9 ‘saA0U ‘Ajpeuo}se9>0 ‘AyjesaUa ‘Ayensn ‘wopyes ‘Ajoxes 4saunsjausos “uayo ‘sAeAye OWNOD BOUANIAY ap SOIqIaAPE SO] ‘O1qUIED UJ qqsru ye yy 3a | ururumims 08 | ‘sAepEy UO ‘aya Suyuona ayy us “Apwas ‘Ky1epnBo4 ‘jeanjd ua euewies By ap eyp un +uo ‘ye ‘Ayep Syoam B aauo “seaA yrea “Avp Arosa :asely 2] ap jeuy je 0 ordioutd ye 4) uapand sajesoduiay sauorsasdxa soquainsis se] VIDNINITAI IG SOIAIAGY A OdWIIL IG SINOISTAdXA jqeo8 & sy iqeq tp apy ur yea adoad om raytem at} 02 sKes wioyp Jo 9UQ “JUEINEISAI ¢ ‘370 “Soamsodap sojuayurajuose ‘sojuand ‘Sels0}sIy ‘Sa}s}y> 42jUOD eed amoy we uF SaAvay WEN 3yL -seuresSo1d 0 sonsesoy ® sousioja4 eed 2 Aep Arana [ooups 07 syfem ays ya “enau “djuanbosy “Ayensn ‘shempe ‘Kep A1oxo outod ‘ugyade bj 24n30 wjouandays 9nb woD we>4pUl anb sauoysoudxa ap opeyeduiose 4) ajang ‘sasquimso9 o soyqpy sesaidxa vied saarsop OOT 38 S[oq ae -sayesaua8 soypay 0 sapepson sesasdxo vied ssose9 saquainais so] ua eajduta as (onNeoIpul ap a}Uase4d) ajdung juasadd [1 YOM S20 —_AeyNBuJs eUOsiad _£) Oquan Jap aseq PULIOY v + O}2InS + S20G pyom Aoy3 od OqJaA jap aseq euso Bf + OJaINS + OG {VALLVOOWELUNE S[10M 1,US20P 2H (Bups “suad y£) OquaA jap aseq BULIO, P| + (1,us2Op) JOU Sao + oVaINS "yx0m. JOU OP | Oquan jap aseq PUNO P| + (1,uOp) }ou op + oJa[ns :VALLVOIN “SyJOM OH (aejnButs euosiad y€) s + 0quaA jap aseq eutso4 ey + oja/ng 3yIOM | oquaa jap aseq euLs04 e] + oFa!ng ____—_ :VALLVWUHY OAILVSIGNI 30 3LNaSaed 13 - A1dWIs IN3S3ud SHL C aaaREGLAS ORTOGRAFICAS Para formar la tercera persona del singular se afiade una s a la forma base del verbo, pero en algunos casos hay que hacer algunas modificaciones. 1 _ Los verbos que acaban en so en un sonido parecido como sh, ch 0 x afiaden es. miss-> misses watch» watches dash > dashes mix —> mixes | 2 Los verbos que terminan en o también afiaden es. do —» does go > goes Los que acaban en y precedida de consonante cambian la y por una i y afiaden es. try —> tries fly > flies Los que terminan en y precedida de vocal, siguen la regla general y afiaden s. say > says enjoy —> enjoys \\eicsconnetiatnianiniiniaie Se EXERCISE 3 > Match the following sentences with the uses in the Grammar box on page 35. = 1. The bus leaves in half an hour. . “Smith hits the ball over the net. Game!” .... I read a book every week. The earth moves around the sun. yk eS . Julia drives a sports car. ape! EXERCISE 4 ® Use the correct form of a verb from the list below to complete each sentence. meet ¥ have ¥ be ¥ change ¥ take ¥ drive ¥ score ¥ begin 1. They always ..... .. the bus to work. 2. Nowadays there ..... .. more cars on the roads than ever before. 3. The managers of the company .. .. regularly. 4. Every year the weather in November. 5. Alan a tractor on the farm. 6. “Johnson . three points in the last second!” 7. The show at 8.30 pm. 8. The United States of America ... 50 states. 36Le 08 / peouge / | / 4@Aau / as0u Aue ganua Burddoys atp ye / ays / Ajjensn / doys: aw YM / Uayo / ay / ssnosip / swaqord Ajjesouad / am /Sulusow ayp ul / aq / aWy UO Jaaau / yaw / sinoqyBiau Aw / 32a {OOP ayp 490} 04 / NOK / JaBJ0} / sowaWOS Aayy / No 08 / wopjas / YSU Fe TOS FE SSTUEISIP BUOY [SABIT AFORE UOp ASGL Ajjensn / saaueysip Buoy / janes you / yBlu ye / Ay. “E “saBueyp Aressaa—u Aue aye “s9U9}U9s WO} 0} 4ap40 1921409 at) UL SPAOM at 9 3SIDy44axa ee “saquiaydas ul (u!8aq) * ~ skempe ead jooyps ay “= (08) ° “ oym ueW e (aq) ” “ adayL :axo[ e 308 9A,| “BUOYS TEM “Aep b aaim) oueld ayy (asyoesd) ~ “apeiBNuad ,06 3 (|!0q Ou) * “qy8iupiw jun (aaeay you)“ aurjd ayy“ “yaaM PB 410} x1UOWEYD 0} (08) ~ ve Aypurey Aus aquim Asaaq ~ Jee Ayana nod (auoyd / ay) ~ “yuea au punore (aajoraa) * uoow ayy suyen Aq 40M 0} (janes semye / NOA) ~ “skepuns uo sn (SIA) ” 4aaau ays * “sjaypeaq ul squan ayy Jo wi04 ajduig yuasazg axp yum SyUE]G auf UE TEL Ss aSIDYaXa EEDA TET TE EEL EE TSE ET EP TET INFORMING QUESTIONS — LA ESTRUCTURA DE LAS PREGUNTAS 3 PREGUNTAS DEL TIPO YES / NO- A__ En Present Simple este tipo de preguntas comienzan con el auxiliar do / does (para la 3* persona del singular), luego el sujeto y después la forma base del verbo, siempre sin to. Do I dance? Does he dance? Do you dance? Does she dane: Does it dance? Do we dane Do they dance? B Estas preguntas se pueden contestar de las siguientes formas: Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. PREGUNTAS CON PARTICULAS INTERROGATIVAS (WH-QUESTIONS) A las particulas interrogativas mas frecuentes son: Who Which How many / much What Whose How often When What kind How long Where What time How far Why How How fast / big / small / heavy B En Present Simple, estas preguntas se forman igual que las de respuesta Yes/No, pero poniendo delante una particula interrogativa. Do you live in Salamanca? (pregunta del tipo Yes / No) Where do you live? (pregunta con particula interrogativa) Does she like ice cream? (pregunta del tipo Yes / No) What does she like? (pregunta con particula interrogativa) C Cuando preguntamos sobre el sujeto de la frase, empleamos who (para personas) y what (para animales o cosas) seguidos de un verbo en tercera persona del singular. Sin embargo, en la respuesta el verbo puede ir en singular oen plural. Who goes home at three o'clock? Tina goes home at three o'clock. The pupils go home at three o'clock. What makes a loud noise? A siren makes a loud noise. Drums make a loud noise. 386€ - aM “uoneis sso) sSury ye dows suren aYL “OL “ uayo MoH, Suyuan Arana smu ayp oy suarst| aye} AW “6 “Ou “AL UO suooUeD sayrieM ay Uaym syBne] sdemje sayiorg aint] AW “@ “ UayOo MOH, yjuow e aduo Ay19 ayy us sdoys ays *Z ary JANIS P1o}XO UO sdors snq ay. “9 Auew MoH “vp e siadedsmau 005 5]]9s placa “S ou uooulaye Alana uapsed ayy ul Aejd uauplys ay,“ awn YM “we QO'Z Te ISEPJeaIq aAeY aM “E ey “hep Asana II SUP ays “Z ‘suoysanb ay ajajdwo> “g saouajuas Yyova UI S/qiaA ayy auILapUun "ye £4 3slioyuaxa aT TT zzza a EXERCISE 8 > Anna wants to take driving lessons. Fill in her mother’s questions. Anna: Mum, | want to take driving lessons. Mother: (1) Why do you want to take driving i lessons? Anna: Because I'm 17 years old. Mother: (2)... Anna: Yes, I’ve got money to pay for the lessons. Mother: (3) ... Anna: — Yes, other students take lessons after school. Mother: (4)... Anna: They do their homework at night. Mother: (5) Anna: They drive the family car. oS EXERCISE 9 > Ask Wh-questions about the underlined words in each sentence. a The TV series about the Beatles begins in a few days. When does the TV. b She hurries to the office every morning. . The Thompsons travel to Nice every spring. Dan seldom listens to the radio. . At 10.00 am we always take a break. The train to Lyon leaves in five minutes. 40Buys] ~~ ay Burkp ~~ arp “Buy sgndsop opuaypeue “ eun sod ses seys0 uerquie> 21 uo ueqede anb soy Z Supyeq ~<— ayeq Surpu ~<-- apr “Su apeue je uapuard by ‘epnus 2 uo ueqee anb soquan so] SOMIIA SOT V ONT UIGVNY vaVd SYIIEYEDOLIO SVIDTE tho Supa a4,aM ‘ongey un aduioa as 0 eunns e} eoyspou as opueny :e}0N sAay| IY Suysoy steaye st ayg “eyuojouow 0 efenb @P opquas un s9u9) uajans anb A ayuaunsenBas uayidas as anb sauopoe vseq 3yStu0} vivgieg Sueeut WH] “ounyny oduion ap sauoysa.dxa ap opeuedwore 1 ajans se aysa uz “ownxoud osnjny un ua upatsinoo onb sepeuifoid sauo1n>e v1eg “woo Aut Sunezosapaz ur, “osavoud ua tupysa esavpoy 4 oduion unSje aoey uosezaduia anb sepeSuojoud sauoiaoe esey ‘mou 3YBpx It noge Supyqed axe Soy “mou yy ‘uowou ay) ye ‘mou owas souoysaidxa ap opeueduiode 41 ajans sose> $0}s9 47 -1e1qeY ap OjWOWIOW j= Ue opua}iaN90 uP}s9 onb sejajduiosUy saUOKDE eIey #sose9 sayuain8s so] ua esn as (onunuoy ajuasa.g) snonusju0> juasarg [g iSuppom running sit > sitting 4 Sies de dos silabas y la tiltima es acentuada, también dobla la consonante final. refer —>- referring begin > beginning 5 Los verbos que acaban en |, siempre doblan esta letra antes de aftadir ing. travel > travelling cancel —» cancelling ESTRUCTURA DE LAS PREGUNTAS 1 Para formar las preguntas del tipo Yes / No en Present Continuous ponemos el verbo auxiliar (arm / is / are) delante del sujeto. You are working hard Are you working hard? 2 Para formar las preguntas con particula interrogativa anteponemos la particula a la pregunta Yes / No. Why are you working hard? 3° Siqueremos preguntar sobre el sujeto de la oracién empleamos who (para Personas) y what (para animales y cosas) seguidos de Ia forma is del verbo to be. Who is eating now? What is happening today? SEER SEE EXERCISE 10 > Match the following sentences with the uses in the Grammar box on page 41. 1. My stereo usually works, but it isn't working now. A 2. Shelly is living in Paris. ... 3. Take your seats, please! The show is starting, 4. They are building a new park in our neighbourhood. : 5. His cousins are arriving next week. 6. What are we doing tomorrow morning? ... 7. She is always doing housework. .. 8. Where are you living now? ... 42& “TUNINE SU UI jooyps Sunseys s} Jaysis apy AW “SHG & aaup 0} Buswseaj s} 3a] IW BUOPSSTEG Gj 08 07 Susuurjd st sauref “PalOId Tey UO SUDIOM aie ejlays pure uAl|z ABPIOY SUT JO-SsTIETEG Aepor Ajsea Bulsopo st doys ayy “mou IY8i! 19) FSYSUG oy Bupjey aie syidnd ayy “SOSSEIT TOY Supjeasq sdempe s} AdpIYS é i “SOINUTMT Vay UT BSuyaiue si} wren ayy -aouayuas pea ur spiom paul[Japun ay) ynoqe suoRsanb-yM Zi aSIDYaxa eee “yom (J29) 10U) 777 sovtty ays “Aepoy auay 3,Us! soul SW) jquawiou ay) ye BuiupAue (op / Nod) “yJassay 10} ssaup B (Mas) * ‘awoy 08 sa] os ‘a2U0d siya (Ao[ua JOU). “spuoiy siy 0} ABUOW (pua| seme) gmou (mous / 3!) sayB1u0} aye] awoY (@WOD / ays) javad siy Ayey 0} (08 / suosuyof ayy) “yoda sayjoue (211M) “pain says “JOS ayy UO (asad) *s}ayPRIQ UI SqJdA aU} JO UOJ SNONUUOD JUAse.d a4) YIM SyULG ay} UL bk asS1Iouaxa eee= EXERCISE 13 > Awoman finds a little boy crying in a shopping centre. Fill in her questions. Why are you. crying?, Woman: (1). Little boy: Iam crying because | don’t know where my mother is. Woman: (2). Little boy: She is wearing a red dress. Woman: (3). Little boy: My brother and sister are with her. Woman: (4). Little boy: They are looking for new shoes. Woman: (5). Little boy: Yes, they are looking for children’s shoes. Woman: Good! Now | know where to find them. Come with me! { STATIVE VERBS (NOT USUALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS) VERBOS QUE NO SUELEN EMPLEARSE EN LA FORMA CONTINUA A Algunos verbos no se usan en forma continua. Son aquellos que expresan: Sentidos / Percepci feel hear see smell sound taste touch Pensamientos / Actividad mente appear doubt imagine realise think believe forget know remember _ understand consider guess mean seem depend hope prefer suppose i Emociones dislike fear hate like —_love ant | Relaciones / Posesién: belongto have owe own _ possess _— Precios / Medidas: } cost equal measure weigh I understand the problem now. This house be 44Sh saweu snod (Jaquiauiad JOU) “| ang Auos Wh, “ourpipow ++ ay ey shes 1owOp ay“ += aypel siyy yon Moy (2Aa1]9q 10U) “* \ glaaey / asnoy sty) * suioo1 AUB MOH“ “BWOY AU ayP) aSPa|d “MOU BALA] O} (JUBA) ae} 0} paau |[!M Nod Jey} (QqNop) “*"* 1@s09) * “AepsaupaN\\ UO 490)2,0 4n0y ye sap aup (2as) °°" yess wryuM jauoyd ayy samsue aseald “mou Jamoys ® (AAU) **” i 3(ueaw / pom siyp) “aeBins noupim ays aayoo say (4ayaud) “°° sasnoy stay) Buyijas Jo (YUIYY) "°F “sjaypeug UL SqHaA ay) Jo WO$ yDaxI09 ay] YIM Sy; ay UH ITY vl 3SIDYaXS ——— (epand as js “,resapisuoa, eaylusis yuryy OpUeND) reo Jay SuTJas jo SuPpUT $,2yS (enunuos Pwoy e| ua Jauod apand as ou , 19019, BayIUBIS Yury? OpUeND) “yqsur ore NOs yur T (corpo je zeysin e Aon ‘e119 BUN O8ua}) “MOLIOWIO} 1090p ay} SUIB—s UH, (enuquos ewioy ua 1auod apand as ou ‘,es0ye, Bas anbune) “MoU part are NOK 998 J “enuquos euisoy e] u2 assesn uapand X opeoyuSs un ap spi uauen soqu9A so}sa ap soundfe ‘souo}se20 uySE EXERCISE 15 {> Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Note that in some 10. | can tell by the look on your face that you ... 11. Speak up! She .. 12. Mrs Jones, your son is a clever boy but he .... 13. | 14. I’m not sure about the trip. It ... 15. Jenny and her grandmother are very close. They .... sentences you may be able to use both Present Simple and Present Continuous. 1. How many cars .. .. (own)? 2. Hold on a second, Mary. | want to turn off the gas; the water ..... (boil) over. 3. Now! . (realise) that | made a mistake. 4. Elephants (live) to be about as old as humans. 5. Our English teacher (not believe) in giving tests, only projects. 6. He.. (live) in town now, but he move) to the country soon. 7. Dan won't be in the office next Tuesday; he .... . (take) the day off. 8. My boss . .... (always complain) about the amount of talking in the office. 9. How .. .. (you / feel) about your new school? . (think) about Jill right now. .. (not hear) very well. . (always talk in class. (think) you ... (spell) her name with a “C”, not with a “K”. .. (be) wrong. She ... (depend) on the weather. .. (phone) one another at least once a day. 46ae 998219 YSIA pom ayy 49A0 |e WO} ajdoad “-qpalod ano op 03 Sunseys axe | pue jaluecl ep & stpBua] OZ WIMS 0} BUlO8 s,a}1 “uoos dn ja8 |},ays ains wi) NG Sunsai si euueof *6 ~Aepiaysad pip ays ueyy *” + yaiddey soo] ays * “SOWOD BY [NUN BEM OF aAey |],NOA OS. -=8njd ayp xy 07 SuWoD s} URDINDIE By. + ysuap at 0} 8ul08 a1,no, * “= saidde aaey Ajjensn am ‘Anunoo siyy Ul * aaup B 10} S908 ays. * syjem 104 8uso8 Aofus | auoyd ay) 0} awod j,Ued ays puke yyeq e Bujaey says * enim Ft HEN 2Z90US 0} SURIS BUI) * saSueyo uoseas ay) uayM 6 MoU JYB}1 4 saWWNs Lira 9 4eD ay SPY ays JaAaUaYM Aepuow }xau 4 Juawow ay} ye 4 MOLIOUIO) » UOOUJaYe aye] ay) Ut Aepsoupay, uo wd gg'p 1» Aepoy » uo Mou Woy » punos swod ye -aouo Ajuo uorssasdxa aun ypea asn nod yey) ains ayew yng ‘aoUayUas auO UY a1oUT Jy ued suoissaidxa aun aWOS “IS! a4} WOY sUO!ssa.dxa aU) YIM SyUL]G ay) UT PY 9 3aSiIDYy¥axa 7 RC ESERIES EEE PE ESE EEE EENCig ESE COGS: ara eam sor emer EXERCISE 17 > Fill in the blanks with the Present Simple or Present Continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1. A, .,.Are your (your brothers / take) karate lessons this year? .. (not be). Martin (study) photography while James (prefer) football. 2. A. Mark hasn't been playing football very well lately. What . .- (he / usually do) every afternoon? . (tide) his bike, .. ... (talk) on the phone. He (not have) much time for football. (Dave / sit) in the corner when he should .. (punish) him because he (not know) the rules of the game. .. (you / paint) your house? (usually paint) it every two years, but that (depend) on how dirty the walls are. (you / plan) to paint it soon? If so, I'd like to help you. . (she / write) a letter to David or to Eva? B. Oh, I'm sure she . She... --» (Not write) a letter to David. . (never write) to boys. . (you / understand) the difference between Present Simple and Present Continuous? bad Not yet, but | .. (try) very hard. bel > . What time ..... . (Linda / leave) the office every night? 2 . Well, she's really serious about her job; she . leave) until about 7.00 pm. 8. A. Whal (have) three heads and Hungarian? B.I - (not (be) purple, . (speak) English and .. (not know) and | certainly ..-- (not want) to find out! 486r “MOU 1YBLU |JaMUIOD BIDLWIeg Aq JaAou B * * | pep ul “saA 2ystj8uz ul syoog pear nok og “Buruana Arana ° + | “Stay 50, 3]NyANeag 3! 1,Us] “Mou JasuNs ayy BulyDIEM WL] sauuuesBoid aqunoary Aw Jo ajppiw ayy Ul WYBLL 4PM. 4) op ‘nok qumsip uayo uop | * 160k YO) ys P Supyew sheme maupuy 51 “aw ayp |e “yaam eB “ R] UL ‘SAA, “saka Aw analjag 4ued | j400q Bupjuup Are S| “mou qYBl Ry ur ‘SAA, 2AL yptem Jayjoig snod sa0q, “MOU TYBIJ gIJJINOS asBaYD k * * aYS |MOUY | ‘s[aW snoIDIJap sow ay} saxew skemje aYS "YOO JUAT|adxa UP S,9YS, * Jena * 7JOU asINOD JO jaw 07 Su1A| nok aay "yaam B au0 a) sAepor youn} 40) 1n0 Bul08 nok aay “mou qyBl ~Auuny saey “syreq sano Aypuey Sop Aw “snonuy Juasaig pur ajduns yuasaig ay) ysesjUOD Aayy “sadua|Uas SuIMO}IO) ayp arayd sl 3sidyaxa TT “Aue st ayayy J! 4]! (ayaa) YS “UOWD| (242) 10U) ° ays ng “4e8ns (229) * ays ‘IPM “8 Vv ea} J0Y Uy JeBNs pue UOWA| (ae) / ays) ~ yeh yapn “= ay ing ‘odssed siy sey ay ‘aM “a sly (aney you) ***~ @Buyuars MosOUIO} eIPUl 104 (BARA / UYOL) *BECK YOURSE TRANSLATION b> Translate the sent elow into your native langu 1. [listen to the radio every night. 2. Many houses have got red roofs. 3. Do you enjoy picnics in the summer? 4, She isn’t an actress. 5. The buses never come on time. 6. How much do you weigh? 7. We seldom bake our own bread. 8. Mr Carlson's your father, isn’t he? ET SPOT THE ERROR X > Can you correct the mistakes? 1. 1am usually coming to school by bus. 2. She does her homework now. 3. My friends come tonight at 8.00. 4. Who this book belongs to? 5. We never are late. 6. This box is weighing three kilos. 7. What you think? 8. What are you meaning? 50is yeai3 smoys semje soPop SAHISUSS A1aa shempe §] 1090p. ‘aayndwios mau sty Woy yeas Sumed st yainduioo mau siy SUTAOTWS Ajjeau s} a Asana nod anid -ajqissod Aem Asana ul nod SSS 12018 Jo Yoo] & pey ays “4ay mes | OWA “yay mes yse] | UaYM PES A1an aiam sada Addey Aion e “Addey Aion sem | ‘PARP & * uy Joaueo e Sujuueld s} yjWS ‘Aep auo JsieuINOT e aq oy suejd YS JO 20] B aneY | “JaYDA} IyLLN9} & S| UOJWIED, “yoni Aan Jay STIPE | “Jayreay 21119) e S| UOLAWIED * poof e axey squared siy pue “sayjo yoea 0} |Jam SRS suaied siy pue “484 JOy -aouajuas jeulSi0 ayy jo Sumueaws ayy JOU 0g ‘spiom pauyjiapun ay) Jo wos unoU e Suisn saua}Uas aM @ 3Ssioyaxa SEE w&SPURIS! YOBD ayy 0} SYS! (aye “may e ‘Aue ‘owWOs QL) BAe} “Aw 0} sjeadde UopUoT Jou seg (YIOg “WAYNAN IO “2YNI 6), ‘PAL “pies ay ,/asja (osaymiue ‘aioywtuan ‘aiaymou ‘1aymautos g) UREA a1! a1 UopUo] puk suey 0} sIYBI}J OPO 40 sL1eq 0} 08 04 dy1] NOK (s229m ‘Apjaam /,9j99M 9j99M Z) B 40 08 0} sadeIJd Inoge seapl (Aue ‘yaNUA “Ae ‘ue 9) Jay aal8 0} JuaBe ayy payse ays “Aeproy Jay aBueWe 0} (AdUEze sia) ‘kouaSe Suyjanen ‘Aouaée janen ‘Aaua8e sJaxen ¢) ayy oy Uam ays ‘sued ( ‘Aue ‘ayy 4jasiay p) aewW 0} URSA puke ad!Ape (putt) ‘spuaLiy ‘s,pUaLy ‘spudl Jay YOO) eres Og “(Si9y 4yjas!aY ‘UMO Joy ‘194 Z) Aq AepyoY yainb (j “ou ‘ue /@ 1) 2421 Pinoys ays J0Y pjoy spuaLy 4a}y “Puey A1aA Bupjom uaaq pey sdamsue 131109 ayy asi | 3sioyuaxa edBill: Fred: Bill: Fred: Bill: Fred: Bill: Fred: Bill: Fred: Bill: Fred: EXERCISE 3 My sister in an hour, so (fly) home today. Her flight ..ceacsscessesnesne (arrive (leave) the house now to meet her at the airp . (you / like) Sally’s brother?” “Yes, Ido. | ..... (see) him this weekend.” (think) he’s fantastic. Actually, | . (you / apply) for the job of office manager?” “Yes, | am.” “Please have a seat. Mr Lyndon moment. I'll call you when he’s available. . (speak) on the phone at the Diana ... . (practise) the piano bret She in a concert next week, so she ~ fworkd especially hard now: (pl Jack was supposed to be here an hour ago. | ... (not wait) for him: any longer! |. (not want) to miss the beginning of the film. EXERCISE 4 want ¥ meet ¥ be ¥ have ¥ go ¥ start Hi, Fred. (1) ... to the match on Saturday? Of course | am. | never miss a game. 7 a Yes, | have. | bought it last week. a ticket? What time (3) Three o'clock, | suppose. All the matches start at 3. Who (4) with? Mike Daly. We always go together. What about you? I'm going with Stuart. (5) ..... .. to meet for dinner after the game? That sounds like a great idea. (6) .. No. (7) .. .. at the new pizza place. .. there! It’s always crowded, What about Burger Pala Fine with me. See you there after the match. And (8) .. late!Ore ainom/oraasn | I ONNILNOD Oavsva a ABIAWIS OLDFANAd OLINRLEYd SLSVYLNOD E = SNONNILNOD LSWd / FIdWIS 1SVd 1SVHLNOD Ed ONNILNOD Oavsvd 13 - SNONNILNOD Lsvd 3HL ATdWIS OLD34uad OLINZLSYd 14 -31dWIs Lsvd 3HL GINOM / OL aisn ‘OMNNILNOD OdVSVd 13 A ERTL hm ense EE Ler ele NER Came! = dINOM / OL aisn male Reese RN COIN ERC M aS CRE Ce eee Aefey 1 AFIRMATIVA: —— Sujeto + forma base del verbo + ed THE PAST SIMPLE — EL PRETERITO PERFECTO SIMPLE. NEGATIVA: Sujeto + did not (didn’t) + forma base del verbo INTERROGATIVA: Did + sujeto + forma base del verbo Did you talk? EI Past Simple (Pretérito Perfecto Simple) se emplea: A Para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado. Este momento queda definido por expresiones temporales como yesterday, last year, in 1995, last November, etc. She finished school last year. B Para contar historias o narrar hechos del pasado. En este caso, el Past Simple equivale al Pretérito Imperfecto de Indicativo. They worked t er in a famous company. C Para acciones acabadas que ocurrieron en el pasado, aunque no mencionemos el momento preciso. Who wrote that letter? D_ Con la expresién de tiempo ago (hace). Three years ago I went to London. REGLAS ORTOGRAFICAS Los verbos regulares forman el pasado afiadiendo ed a su forma base. Debes tener en cuenta los siguientes cambios ortogréficos: 1 Siun verbo acaba en e muda, sélo Ie afiadimos la d. change changed love lov 2 Siesun verbo de una sola silaba, acabado en vocal + consonante, dobla esa consonante antes de afiadir ed. stop —> stopped drop > dropped 3. Sies de dos silabas y la diltima esté formada por consonante-vocal-consonante yes acentuada, también se dobla la iiltima consonante. prefer preferred permit permitted 4 Siel verbo termina en |, siempre dobla esta letra antes de afadir ed. ancel ca travel travelled S celled 5 Siacaba en consonante + y, cambiamos la y por una i + ed. try > tried d Los verbos irregulares no siguen ninguna regia y hay que aprender de memoria sus formas de pasado. En el apéndice 5 encontrards una lista de los més frecuentes. fried studySS -aqejod0yp Joy URIp pue apisu! padeys am ‘Bulmous sem 1!” “1ayya8o) sys OM Buigqns Aq as apew ajdoad ¢ ~ “ypeq 19Y JB asea|g * * pa|jeo Jaisis nod ‘ued, “a8unod sem ay “yeduinn aun pated a1 aoeid 400) UoNNJOAaY Youasy aYyL “GL §.a4s MON “plo SieaK Z| sem ays‘ * ayyM 4 UaYM 4 sad jse] » O8e saynuyw om) . o8e Suoj . ELL UL “mojaq }S!] ay} WO.y UOYssaidxa aut} & YIM syURTq ayy UF € 3SIOusaxa er 108104 07 pey awo> “6L ues 3007 “OL yu seay “ZL 8 PIP “OL aysnoq mou, “SL. 7 : aes “bl Way Pung *€l. ano aM TL yoqeo a ne eabg uiBaq wed quasar yseg uasasd “squan sejnBaaut jo ys1j Zuymoyjoy ayy ayoyd @ a3sioyuaxa as Adoo *6 * fojdwa 9 009 ap 8 uado “s * quanul daw *Z quem “ppg Auom + “mojaq squaa sejnaa ayy Jo wos ysed ayy a | 3sidy4¥axa ees¢ *ajejod0yp JOY YUeUp puk apisu! padeys aM ‘Bumous sem 4!” szay1a80} SyDIIs OMY BuIqqn, Aq a41y apeW ajdoad / ~ “ypeq Jay |Je> asea|g ” “ya8unok sem ay “GL Says MON “plo sieaK Z| sem ays ‘ “** pajfed saysis INO ‘ue * yadwinay ayy padejd aH * aaejd 400) uoRNjonay YouaLy ay ayYM 4 UaYM » svat yse] . O8e sajnujwoMm) . oe Suc » GRLL UF yoB10y 001 4sed ap °8 “mojaq SH] 24) wo4 uosssasdxa aw v YM syUE|G ay) Ut I € ASIOMAXa EE 07 pey awo> “61 ue “SL yup “8 seoy “ZL 08 “OL ay8noq mouy “SL aes “FL wet PING “€L ano aUM "ZL yoqeo 2q “LL a ie uoq. juaseig yseq —— quasaug “sqian s0jnBo.4 Jo 151] Suymo}oy axp ayaydu @ 3SIDuaxa apnea ene tay 6 * fojdwa *9 uado °¢ Z quem “y “mojaq sqian swjnSo1 ayy Jo wioy ysed ayy | asioy4axa eee earn 4SEME oor EXERCISE 4 {> Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Because Joe 2. When you .... place to place or a. I, t... (not hurry), he . (miss) the bus. (be) in France, ... .. (you / take) the train? .. (you / drive) from .. (dive) into the pool and .. ..-. (rescue) the child. 4. Jim was so hungry that he ... 5. The children .... .. (make) such a mess that their mother .- (be) very angry. .. (eat) four plates of food. . (not copy) the information into his notebook. .. (ear) his new suit to the conference. . (fly) to Rome last night. .. (Brian / take) a picture of a camel? 6, 7. 8. The Bensons .... 9 0. . Alan ... - (not put) the clothes in the washing machine. 11. Karen. .. (Choose) the green dress, not the yellow one. 12. Last month, Mrs Silver .. (buy) a new one. .. (Sell) her house and .. John / win) a medal in the athletics competition? 14. The Titanic .... .. (sink) after hitting an iceberg in 1912. eee EXERCISE 5 Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple form (affirmative or negative) of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. --. work at nine, but Joe ...{{isli./. J .. until after ten. (leave) 2. I. .... the Italian film last night, but I... .». the Dutch one. (understand) 3. Jill... to go to London, but her friend . . to go there. (want) 4. Meg... .. the party last night, but Alan .. it at all. (enjoy) 5. When Tina was younger, she .. .. any hockey. (play) ... a lot of tennis, but she 6. Lynn .. . Jack a present, but she .. . Roy one. (give) 56“gs (Ang) gsjuawysayay Aue Sug puatyii8 siy pig Qeaw) suag puary Aw MoUy Nok og 2810) sdin ayy 404 sayjddns aya Ang ay pia (peau) Japmue aip peas ays piq (awd) ssiojisia Aue aaey aaq pid (mouog) sAauow yBnoua aney ays pid (@810)) sAepymig 5,943 zaquiowes auoALan pid (Op) HOmMawoy sAepsaysad pueyssapun e10Q Pig (eye) asod Aq quasaid ay; puas j!ep pur uosel pig (aqum) ja8essaui s,woy 198 ouef pid “soot aaneBau Jo aareulsyye ayeW) “svap! UMO JNOA pur s]a3}2"Iq UL spAOM auf JO pasi09 ayy Sujsn suonsanb Buymojjoy ayy Suamsue Aq ajduis yseq ay) asHD 9 3Ssidyaxa ee (yey yeaug) “wae sty, ~ ay uaym 89} siy + ay 108e sjaam + aneq Bay SuLeIS BY] UMOP ” (aaey) -0} © “BUY ang ‘ulede y10M Jay Op 0} * BU (uaqysiy) “Aun - "yang ‘ueug ~~ - asiou ay (Ang ‘08) “sayeo Aue ~ ays y8iu ase] Aiayeq at o1 ~ ays inq ‘sunq “ays Uy * wos:ed EXERCISE 7 > Change the following sentences into Yes / No questions. 1. Jane ran in a race yesterday. 2 ne had a birthday party last week. 3. Rachel lost her camera while she was on holiday last week. 4. The baby cried all night. 5. The criminal escaped from the police. 6. Alan and Joe went to Greece last summer. 7. The Prime Minister spoke on TV last night. 8. Marie lived in Paris. od EXERCISE 8 > Write Wh-questions in the Past Simple using the words given below. 1. Why / Colin / leave / his job did Ce 1b? 2. Where / you / go / for your holiday 5865 “Wy jnUapUOM e sem Y ‘SAA (8) “sng Aq aay) 108 ay, “(b) “PWAUID ,ory, ay 12 SUIMOYs SPA] €) “Ayag pur eyeW YIM UAM | 2) “TyBiu ye] WyIy Mau ay] Mes | ‘SAA iB SS8p a SU SU 938 HON pig (D ssuonsanb s,yoef uy jd “wy e ynoge jy1f Bupyse Sy 6 3SIDyaxa EE op oy 2eym / MoU / NOK / MOH say AAI] 0} / BWOD / SALY SIWY PUR IW / UBYM sepe Aw / ayey / nO / At , 7s0q / D1] / MOA / wy YoU ype / aw ysiy / NOA / uat mouiog / nod / 7209 aso aye aup |e / 18/0 nod 0} / Aes / sade} AUR / Jeeee EXERCISE 10 > Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets. Include the negative and question forms. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. They ..... . over £8,000 on their new car! | know you .id.L spend... that much. How much .... .. 2 (spend) 2. When we were in London, we didn't ta big hotel. | know you you there, so where .. (stay) 3. The car (come) to a complete stop. Three men . (get out) and . (run) to the building. The café owner across the street ... (want) to get involved, so he . (phone) the police. ... whe. (make) the right decision? 4. When my parents were at school, they ... French. Which languages .... 2 (learn) Latin, but they - YOu 5. Martin .. .. the pen he lost, but Karen .... .. her hat. John... ... his glasses? (find) 6. Moliére Macbeth; Shakespeare ..... it. Who . Treasure Island? (write) 7. My husband and | children .. your children .. at six o'clock this morning, but the . until nine o'clock. What time .... 2 (get up) 8. Mrs Jones to Paris yesterday, but her husband . with her. Where . = NE... (go) 9. Brenda first. Who second in the class, she . third? (come) very hard at school, but Dad hardly . . you hard when you were at school, all. Grandma? (work)19 } yreur-a Aur paaraoay ay way out 02 SuPEIA sem OEY ‘UTeI 0} UeBaq 1 UayM Suos e Zursuys sem ] -ayduuys opesed ua ea anb aaaug seu eun sod epiduinssajuy any anb ‘sauojsoe sop ap eSse] sew &] ‘pue 0 se “oyas sauoysasdsa se] ap opeueduiode va snonutju0 Jseg Ja Osn ays UT ylomautoy Aur Furop sem y ‘roded ayy Surpeas arom nos apy ‘odin ows je opesed 2 ua uosajsin20 anb sepeSuojoud sauonoe sog. ‘219 Supinp ‘oun Suoj e 405 ‘uoousaye ajoym xp ‘ep ajoym ayy ‘yste je “ep je own sapesodura) souorsasdxe ap opeueduiore 41 ajans osn ayso uy | Bt BuO] B sof SOYA ay UO BUPIED sem aE “Kepiaysad Aep [fe SurApmas sean | ‘odurayy oyonut uoseinp anb opueyesas ‘se810] sauopoy a “Aepsaysad 39012,0 QT 18 Surkpmas sea J -sandsap onujuod A ojuawow! oypip ap sajue 9zuaLUOD UpIIDe ET JP 0}249409 ojuaUIOW uN ua Opual4indo eqe}sa anb U!DIe CUT) saiquosep esed eajdura as (onujuoD opeseg) snonusjuoD ised fF sSupyem nod axa a sSupyyem | sey Pediourad oqian jap Su: eunsoy + oyalns + 219% / se; :VALLVDO aye “Bupypem you aram Aa, : “Supyjem jou sem ays yedpursd oguan jap Sus eusoy + Jou + 21am / sem + OF WALL “Sunyem arom ayy 1 ni “SuDyTeM sem of] Jediousd oquan jap Su; eunsoy + 240m / sem + 0} WALLY ONNILNOD Oaysvd 13 — SNONNILNOD 1svd FHL(> Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. \> Write a Yes / No question for each sentence. (> Fill in the blanks with the Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Use one negative form in each sentence. Te . She was talking on the phone. She yReE No = At 8.30 last night, | . All the children were wearing white. EXERCISE 11 Ruth ie Dad .... .. (drive) when | saw her last night. (do) my homework when you phoned. .. (not read). He was washing the car. .. (not study). Tom ... .. (not sleep) when | got home. eee acaiainaiiead EXERCISE 12 NE. (read); |. UNS... (write) a letter. All last week, Tom .. .... (decorate) his house; he .. (work) in his garden. Yesterday morning, the children . play) on the beach, but they .. (swim) in the sea. .. (try) to help last night; we .. . (just be) poli . (use) my computer this afternoon, because my friends and | (shop) at the shopping centre. a EXERCISE 13 | was walking my dog. ‘Were you walking your dog? The barber was cutting my hair. The baby was crying all morning. John and Mike were playing basketball yesterday. 629 (daajs 0) An) goueid ayy Suisndeid sem eyjnf ajiym Sulop wif sem Jey (ieqooy Aejd) sy mes nod UaY SuIOp AieD sem rey [smu 07 uaysy)) gpauoyd ejlays Uaym Bulop Awaral sem UM, (sdueys Ang) s8uiwow sip) ad10 sod ayy ye Sup AaiD ay sem Ie (sayof 0} uaysy)) 1yBIU se] SuIYSNe] Nok aim AYM (8Bo Ay) gawues Nod uaya SuLOp sayeyD sem Tey dane] eq4M) gasnoy ay) BuluRa[D a1aM Nod alIym Bulop ax!W sem Tey SUNSIA E BUIMEIB SEM SYS 7 a (aumpid meip) 3u! payyem Jayoee] oy] UayM Sulop jidnd ayy sem JY. “sjaye4q ut sp1om arp asp “suoNsanb ayy Suuamsue dq snonuNuo; ysed ay Sl 3SIDYHaxa Vonremae cence sm “sey Alan SurAup sem ay ‘SOA “ (g) suewiaa “sasse/Buns pue yey pep v SuueaM sem a4 (p) suet “19 pas e BuIALIp sem ap} .~(¢) Ue “FOAUp AY] Mes | ‘SAA (7) UE ‘pauinos0 quaplooe ayy Udy" J9N09 ayy UO a1dy BuIpUeIs sem | iy (4) Ue ‘suoysanb s,uewaaijod ayy ut fly “juapiooe ue Mes vi asiouaxa eeea: > Write Yes / No questions or Wh-questions in the Past Continuous using the words given below. . Why / the dog / bark / all evening . Where / David / drive / last night . Mary / study / most of last night Which book / you / read / all day ST EXERCISE 16 Why was the dog barking all evening? Dan / play football / all afternoon What / you / discuss / with Michael / on the phone Who / Alan / talk to / yesterday evening Donald / listen to the radio / while Colin / watch the game / on TV Where / Gail and Gina / sit Whose / dictionary / you / use / during the test59 ee pip 2 Sulop sem -q op 1,upip “& “Yoousaye ||P YJoMawoY 494 payoqem asam “9 paysjem -q Buryoqem auam “B Bue1 auoyd ayy ‘AY Uo Wy ay am a Buraup sea “9 SuIAup a1am “q anoup *e) “euojaaueg 0} ** am 199M Aeys .upip “2 Busdeis jusem -q SuyAeis yuaiam “e “jaasoy yynod v Ze ~ an ‘olay 210M aM UDYAN, Bupjeaig sem -> yeauq -q ayouq “e -umop |J9} 94 Uaym 83} sIy * gauuns ay 08-9 quam (q) Bu108 aim “e -sjuaredpueid Aw yum paXeys am ‘sujejunow ayy oO} - am UayMN, “gamsur 1934409 ayy Zt ASIDuaxa “enujjuo> eunsoy ej ua asseajduro uajans ou anb soquaa so] z pepiun vy ua esedoy seq ua uea se8svy sepesed sauooe se] anb epianay ONNILNOD OavSvd A FTAWIS OLOSINAd OLINZLSYd 3LSVYLNOD ~ SNONNILNOD 1svd /31dWIS LSVd 1SVELNOO RTE TERETEod EXERCISE 18 > Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple or Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer. Be 1. While Rob ......"as.practising....... (practise) the cello, his brother 1 was fixing (fix) his car. Me 2. When the dog «......8 cose, (hear) the burglars, it...) (barkRocics . Jack and Tina } (play) outside when it . (start) to snow. 6. Why(acu! (talk)? Who .., i e (you / not pay attention) while | .4..Qi2. . (sing) so loudly while we ...%ES. (rain) when we (arrive) at the (write) a composition at the same time as my sister (play) tennis. 10. They... . (see) a good play while they ....22 (stay) in New York. 11. Yesterday, while | (ring) the doorbell. 12. We sth AYR dD OAS (not want) to go home. . (rest), someone ... !Q\have) such a good time that we . 66“9 —_ 7 sumenamenmammeemmemeesmeemaernn ee EPI P se suods 9U SeUI40} $E)Sq VALLVDOWUIINI JT WALLVOIN- ‘esoduta) uossasdxa eun o eiouanzay ap olquaape un uod ajdus juasaig ja esn 98 ‘ajuasoud jo ua uoydos as anb sauoss3e 0 souqey sesosdxa vied anb epsonsoy TD [le 2 axoUs a,uop | sou Inq ‘axyous 03 pasn “opesed j9 ua ueyuay as anb sasqumysoo 0 sougeH > IT PJos Tang ‘2[9401q v aaey 09 pasn J “2quasaud ja ua uep as ou anb opesed jap souo!senys 0 sopeysy a8 M “0q494 Jap aseg eut10Y ej ap opinSas pjnom 4od opimyysns sas 2pand 0} posn ‘osn ayse ug ‘opesed ja ua uesjadas as onb sajenyqey souossoy (sewseuey ap soquand eqe}U09 sou / soUse}UOD eI/0s) °s 3Soyf3 sn ]]99 (pjnom) 0} pasn zayAVy Muu ‘UorpTAD azam 2 supsoudxo eed og.94 un ap aseq puso 2 + 0} psn sowrezy VALLVWUIS a7n0M /o1 aasn “Auuny Aran sem pus ayp mes | ‘qog sa, 9) “yon Alan auueiSoid yeu ay! |‘SaQ—:eUI () “suosduiis ayy Suiysyem sem |: (e) “AL Bulypiem sem 1 (2) “ayBiu ase] payfeo nod uaya Sulxpnys 1,usem | ON BSED | WAY SUAB TIS TOR SISA (L) -suonsanb s,qog ut j14 “qog 01 Suryey st 61 3sidyuaxa —— REE NNEE)> Fill in the blanks with used to or would. Use the verb in brackets. In sentences where you cannot use used to or would, use the Present Simple or Past Simple. coe EXERCISE 20 1. My best friend .......48¢0. 10/6... (live) next door to me, but now she lives in another town. 2. 21 . (get up) at 7.00 every morning when my alarm clock 3. goes off. 3. When I was a child, my mother . . (help) me with my - homework. a 4. Michael Phelps ... . (win) six Olympic swimming gold medal: in 2004. ce 5. We... .. (own) a sports car, but now we have a family car. 7. 6. Annette ... .. (call) me three times last night, but | wasn’t 8. home. 7. People ... .... (believe) that the sun revolved around the earth. 6 i. ... (be) afraid of crowded places when | was younger. Can Every time | went to the bus station, | ..... ... (feel) nervous. 1. ese EXERCISE 21 2, > Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original 3, sentence. 1. Atone time | played football, but | don’t any more. (used) 5. 2. She often went to her aunt’s when the old lady was alive. (go) 6. 7. 3. I cancelled my membership at the sports centre some years ago. (be) 8. 4. When he was a child, he used to hug his teddy bear at night. (would) 9. 10. 5. He lives here now, but it wasn’t always so. (use) 6. I didn’t use to like classical music. (never)69 -unod sem | uaym sawutuns A1oaa Suiduses 08 0 pjnom aM “pies nod qeYM Bu!pueysiapun 7,USEM | “ezzid ay1 01 pasn 2,UPIp WYOL ysng ayp 10) Sunjem azam nod pip Suo] MOH, gsiyp 10) pred nod yon MOH “qyiu se] Aued ayy padolua jupip aM, quam ays pip aay “uoissnosip e pey am aj1ym Sundnusaqut day OH, ~ray pauoyd | vaya ydajs |S 84S pit Ang 01 BumaBio} nod aran AYN jsayeysiut ay) y2as409 Nok x YOUR AHL LOds ET Suwuims Xofua 07 pasn | “Auea pag 01 08 pjnom | ‘Bunod sem | UoypA, -Aaljomal pue Asuow say} ajo}s pue awed saaaiyy ‘Buidaays aiam Aay? ayy = gJ00yps siy} 0} 08 0} asn Nod pig : m “0661 U! U0g sem | gkepiansad nok mes | uayM Bulo8 Nok a1aM a194MA “kepiaysak are Siq e UOM aM “awoy awed | uaym souuIp Suedaid sem soyzouq AW ~ -aBenGury aareu anod ou! mojaq saouayuas ayy aye]sul NOILWISNVUL REETMODALS AND SEMI-MODALS - OS VERBOS MODALES LOS SEMIMODALES MODALS AND SEMI-MODALS — LOS VERBOS MODALES Y LOS SEMIMODALES CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO MAY, MIGHT WILL, WOULD, SHALLiL pnas 09 ayqe aq 0} HRA “uejuauajduios soy anb soquan sosjo so] sezyyn anb sowioua) ‘oj2e}/590U ap ose> ua anb eo1yUSIs O}Sy Ary 0} pur aq 07 sqzaA ua Apnas 07 Sur08 are aA ‘Soj[2 ap aquejap 0} opuatuod uesquiou as eunu ‘sDap s9 ‘OAnuyU UDUAR ON € oq} astAar [fam uay_y ‘Aewr pue ued sqroA uarsty pynoys Ey wou 08 ysnut 7 “aseq eU10} &] Ua Oq10A ONO ap opines ue asdutoIs sur auto | key 5 “eanefou vj 1u eaneSouso}uy ey sewsso} exed seypxne 7 yeads younes apy unSuyu ueysavau oN € 2M IXOU I Op 0} Moy Mouy [[IM 2a Ing ‘Aepod astoroxa eU Op 2,MBD 2M royROUr UI day 7 pey | praisa{ asnedaq soquaA sono seaydure anb sowauay wey say anb soduion so] ua vapy v} sesodxa eseg ‘sajequaa soduian sounSje ap uasa1e> Z Il 9q 3snux ays AuIp wea apy ued op ueo | “ojdlus 1uosa.g Jap 42)n8uys euossad e43010) ef ua S uapeue ou ‘oque) sod ‘seuosiad sey sepo} exed eoqun euss0j eun uaasod 105 1 “1eys 4 pjnom ‘yuo '0} 1y8n0 ‘pinoys 4, upacu 4, ujsnuu 4snur ‘ayStui ‘ews ‘pyro ‘ue> sowmnjouy odnu 2980 uq “SoqueA spuuap so] 8 sayuaLayp seopsa}pe1e9 seun uauon X saseyixne ow09 uenjoe anb soq4aA UOs Safepoul SO] sour djay nos pop jatu0o ayy ue ‘oquaa jap aseq euio) + ojalns + jepows {VAL pueysropun 3,uppnoo