1 (number)

Oneand No. 1redirect here. For other uses, see

One (disambiguation).
1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative)
identity), is a number, a numeral, and the name of the
glyph representing that number. It represents a single entity, the unit of counting or measurement. For example,
a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1. traces its roots back to the Indians, who wrote 1 as a horizontal line, much like the Chinese character . The
Gupta wrote it as a curved line, and the Nagari sometimes
added a small circle on the left (rotated a quarter turn to
1 Etymology
the right, this 9-look-alike became the present day nuThe word one can be used as a noun, an adjective and a meral 1 in the Gujarati and Punjabi scripts). The Nepali
also rotated it to the right but kept the circle small.* [3]
pronoun.* [1]
This eventually became the top serif in the modern nuIt comes from the English word an,* [1] which comes meral, but the occasional short horizontal line at the botfrom the Proto-Germanic root *ainaz.* [1] The Proto- tom probably originates from similarity with the Roman
Germanic root *ainaz comes from the Proto-Indo- numeral I. In some countries, the little serif at the top is
European root *oi-no-.* [1]
sometimes extended into a long upstroke, sometimes as
Compare the Proto-Germanic root *ainaz to Old Frisian long as the vertical line, which can lead to confusion with
an, Gothic ains, Danish een, Dutch een, German eins the glyph for seven in other countries. Where the 1 is
written with a long upstroke, the number 7 has a horizonand Old Norse einn.
tal stroke through the vertical line.
Compare the Proto-Indo-European root *oi-no- (which
means one, single* [1]) to Greek oinos (which means While the shape of the 1 character has an ascender in
aceon dice* [1]), Latin unus (one* [1]), Old Persian most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text gures,
aivam, Old Church Slavonic -inu and ino-, Lithuanian the character usually is of x-height, as, for example, in
vienas, Old Irish oin and Breton un (one* [1]).
.

As a number

One, sometimes referred to as unity,* [2] is the rst nonzero natural number. It is thus the integer before two and
after zero, and the rst positive odd number.
Any number multiplied by one is that number, as one is
the identity for multiplication. As a result, 1 is its own
factorial, its own square, its own cube, and so on. One
is also the result of the empty product, as any number
multiplied by one is itself. It is also the only natural number that is neither composite nor prime with respect to
division, but instead considered a unit.

As a digit

The glyph used today in the Western world to represent

the number 1, a vertical line, often with a serif at the
top and sometimes a short horizontal line at the bottom, The 24-hour tower clock in Venice, using J as a symbol for 1.
1

4 MATHEMATICS

Many older typewriters do not have a separate symbol for

1 and use the lowercase l instead. It is possible to nd
cases when the uppercase J is used, while it may be for
decorative purposes.

Mathematics

Mathematically, 1 is:
in arithmetic (algebra) and calculus, the natural
number that follows 0 and precedes 2 and the multiplicative identity element of the integers, real numbers and complex numbers;
more generally, in algebra, the multiplicative identity (also called unity), usually of a group or a ring.

In many mathematical and engineering equations, numeric values are typically normalized to fall within the
unit interval from 0 to 1, where 1 usually represents the
maximum possible value in the range of parameters.
Because of the multiplicative identity, if f(x) is a
multiplicative function, then f(1) must equal 1.
It is also the rst and second number in the Fibonacci sequence (0 is the zeroth) and is the rst number in many
other mathematical sequences. As a matter of convention, Sloane's early Handbook of Integer Sequences added
an initial 1 to any sequence that did not already have it
and considered these initial 1s in its lexicographic ordering. Sloane's later Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences and
its Web counterpart, the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer
Sequences, ignore initial ones in their lexicographic ordering of sequences, because such initial ones often correspond to trivial cases.

One is neither a prime number nor a composite number,

but a unit, like 1 and, in the Gaussian integers, i and
i. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic guarantees
unique factorization over the integers only up to units.
(For example, 4 = 22 , but if units are included, is also
equal to, say, (1)6 123 22 , among innitely many
*
Since the base 1 exponential function (1 x) always equals similar factorizations.)
1, its inverse does not exist (which would be called the The denition of a eld requires that 1 must not be equal
logarithm base 1 if it did exist).
to 0. Thus, there are no elds of characteristic 1. NevOne cannot be used as the base of a positional numeral
system, as the only digit that would be permitted in such
a system would be 0. (Sometimes tallying is referred to
as base 1, since only one mark the tally itself is
needed, but this is not a positional notation.)

There are two ways to write the real number 1 as a

recurring decimal: as 1.000..., and as 0.999.... There is
only one way to represent the real number 1 as a Dedekind
cut:

ertheless, abstract algebra can consider the eld with one

element, which is not a singleton and is not a set at all.

One is the only positive integer divisible by exactly one

positive integer (whereas prime numbers are divisible by
exactly two positive integers, composite numbers are divisible by more than two positive integers, and zero is divisible by all positive integers). One was formerly consid({x|x < 1} , {x|x 1})
ered prime by some mathematicians, using the denition
Formalizations of the natural numbers have their own that a prime is divisible only by one and itself. However,
representations of 1:
this complicates the fundamental theorem of arithmetic,
so modern denitions exclude units.
in the Peano axioms, 1 is the successor of 0;
One is one of three possible values of the Mbius function: it takes the value one for square-free integers with
in Principia Mathematica, 1 is dened as the set of
an even number of distinct prime factors.
all singletons (sets with one element);
One is the only odd number in the range of Euler's totient
in the Von Neumann cardinal assignment of natural function (x), in the cases x = 1 and x = 2.
numbers, 1 is dened as the set {0}.
One is the only 1-perfect number (see multiply perfect
number).
In a multiplicative group or monoid, the identity element
is sometimes denoted 1, but e (from the German Einheit, By denition, 1 is the magnitude, absolute value, or norm
unity) is also traditional. However, 1 is especially com- of a unit complex number, unit vector, and a unit matrix
mon for the multiplicative identity of a ring, i.e., when an (more usually called an identity matrix). Note that the
addition and 0 are also present. When such a ring has term unit matrix is sometimes used to mean something
characteristic n not equal to 0, the element called 1 has quite dierent.
the property that n1 = 1n = 0 (where this 0 is the additive By denition, 1 is the probability of an event that is almost
identity of the ring). Important examples are nite elds. certain to occur.
One is the rst gurate number of every kind, such One is the most common leading digit in many sets of
as triangular number, pentagonal number and centered data, a consequence of Benford's law.
hexagonal number, to name just a few.

3
The ancient Egyptians represented all fractions (with the
exception of 2/3) in terms of sums of fractions with
numerator 1 and distinct denominators. For example, 2/5
= 1/3 + 1/15. Such representations are popularly known
as Egyptian Fractions or Unit Fractions.
The generating function that has all coecients 1 is given
by
1/1 x = 1 + x + x + x +
2

This power series converges and has nite value if and

only if, |x| < 1.

6 In science
1 is the atomic number of hydrogen, and the atomic
mass of its most common isotope.
1 is the ASCII code of "Start of Header".
1 is the electric charge of positrons and protons.
Group 1 of the periodic table consists of the alkali
metals.
Period 1 of the periodic table consists of just two
elements, hydrogen and helium.

6.1 In astronomy
4.1

Table of basic calculations

In technology

1 is the Saros number of the solar eclipse series

which began on June 4, 2872 BC and ended on
July 11, 1592 BC. The duration of Saros series
1 was 1280.14 years, and it contained 72 solar
eclipses.* [7]
The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which
began on March 14, 2570 BC and ended on
April 30, 1272 BC. The duration of Saros series
1 was 1298.17 years, and it contained 73 lunar
eclipses.* [7]
The dwarf planet Ceres has the minor planet designation 1 Ceres because it was the rst asteroid to be
discovered.
M1 is the Messier designation of the Crab Nebula.
NGC 1 is the New General Catalogue designation of
a distant galaxy.
The Roman numeral I stands for supergiant in the
Yerkes spectral classication scheme.

1 as a resin identication code, used in recycling

The resin identication code used in recycling to

identify polyethylene terephthalate.* [4]

The Roman numeral I often stands for the rstdiscovered satellite of a planet or minor planet (such
as Saturn I, a.k.a. Mimas).

7 In philosophy

In the philosophy of Plotinus and a number of other

the ITU country code for the North American Num- neoplatonists, The One is the ultimate reality and source
bering Plan area, which includes the United States, of all existence. Philo of Alexandria (20 BC AD 50)
Canada, and parts of the Caribbean
regarded the number one as God's number, and the basis
for all numbers (De Allegoriis Legum,ii.12 [i.66]).
A binary code is a sequence of 1 and 0 that is used
in computers for representing any kind of data.
In many physical devices, 1 represents the value
for on, which means that electricity is owing.* [5]* [6]
The numerical value of true in many programming
languages.

8 In literature
Number One is a character in the book series Lorien
Legacies by Pittacus Lore.
Number 1 is also a character in the seriesArtemis
Fowlby Eoin Colfer.

10 IN SPORTS

In comics
A character in the Italian comic book Alan Ford (authors Max Bunker and Magnus), very old disabled
man, the supreme leader of the group TNT.

10

In sports

1 is the lowest number permitted for use by players of the National Hockey League (NHL), as the
league has banned 00 and 0. (The highest number
permitted is 98.)
Many sports use 1 as their standard scoring incrementexamples include goals in a large number of
sports, runs in baseball and cricket, and points in volleyball. Examples where 1 is a non-standard increment, or used for one of several possible classes of
scores, are listed below by sport.
In Australian rules football, 1 point is awarded to the
attacking team for a behind, scored when:
The ball is kicked by the attacking team and
passes between a goal post (taller post) and the
nearest behind post (shorter post) on the defensive side of the eld without touching the
behind post.
The ball passes between the defending team's
goal posts, but either (1) was not kicked by the
attacking team or (2) hit a goal post.
The defending team deliberately forces the
ball between any two of its own posts. This
particular score is ocially called a rushed
behind.
In baseball scoring, the number 1 is assigned to the
pitcher.
In basketball:
1 point is awarded for a successful free throw.
In the 33 variant of the game, shots made
from inside the three-pointarc are also
worth 1 point. (Shots from outside the arc are
worth 2 points.)
The number 1 is used to designate the point
guard position.

In almost all leagues, for a successful place

kick after a touchdown. In American football,
the score is formally known as a try, although the termsextra point,conversion
,PAT(forpoint after touchdown), and
point afterare far more commonly used. In
Canadian football, the score is formally and
popularly called a convert. Conversions
can also be scored by the now rare drop kick;
in standard American and Canadian football,
such a conversion is worth 1 point, while most
forms of indoor football, including the Arena
Football League, award 2 points for a dropkicked conversion.
In college football, if a point after tryis
blocked, if the blocked ball stayed in the eld
of play a defender may pick up and run the ball
to his end zone at the other end of the eld for
a one-point safety.
In six-man football, one point is awarded for
a successful conversion from scrimmage after a touchdown. Note that in standard 11man (American) or 12-man (Canadian) football, place kicks are worth 1 point and conversions from scrimmage worth 2; this is reversed in six-man because the reduced number of players makes kicked conversions much
more dicult.
In Canadian football only, a single orrouge
is awarded when the ball is legally kicked into
the opponent's end zone (except for a successful eld goal), and the receiving team does not
return, or kick, the ball out of its end zone. (In
American football, the same play would result
in a touchback and no points.)
Some forms of indoor football in the U.S.
award a single, similar to the Canadian
score, on kickos only.
In rugby league:
A drop goal is worth 1 point.
In most competitions (though not the European Super League, which uses static squad
numbering), the starting fullback wears jersey
number 1.
In rugby union:

In association football (soccer) the number 1 is often

given to the goalkeeper

The starting loosehead prop wears the jersey

number 1.

In Gaelic football, hurling and camogie, a point

, with a scoring value of 1, is awarded when the attacking team legally sends the ball over the opponent's crossbar (above the goal).

In the early years of the sport (prior to 1890),

conversions, penalties, drop goals, and goals
from mark were all worth 1 point. At that time,
a try was worth no points, only giving the attacking team the right to attempt a conversion.
In 189091, tries were rewarded with 1 point,
while all other scores were increased in value.

In gridiron football codes, one point is awarded under the following circumstances:

5
After that time, all scores have been worth at
least 2 points (the goal from mark was abolished in 1977).
The jersey number 1 has been retired by several
North American sports teams in honor of past playing greats or other key gures (or, in one case, a
team's fans):
In Major League Baseball:
The Boston Red Sox, for Hall of Famer
Bobby Doerr.
The Cincinnati Reds, for manager Fred
Hutchinson.
The Los Angeles Dodgers, for Hall of
Famer Pee Wee Reese.
The New York Yankees, for Billy Martin, who both played for and managed the
team.
The Philadelphia Phillies, for Hall of
Famer Richie Ashburn.
The Pittsburgh Pirates, for manager Billy
Meyer.
The St. Louis Cardinals, for Hall of
Famer Ozzie Smith.
In the NBA:
The Boston Celtics, for founding owner
Walter Brown, a member of the Hall of
Fame as a contributor.
The Milwaukee Bucks, for Hall of Fame
player Oscar Robertson.
The Portland Trail Blazers, for founding owner Larry Weinberg. Unlike most
numbers so honored, this number remains in circulation for players.
The Sacramento Kings, for Hall of Fame
player Nate Archibald, honoring the
number's retirement when the team was
known as the Kansas City Kings.
The Seattle SuperSonics, for Gus
Williams. The team has since relocated
to become the Oklahoma City Thunder,
but the Thunder have yet to issue any
number retired by the franchise in
Seattle.
The Utah Jazz, for Frank Layden, who
served the team rst as head coach and
then as president.
In the NFL:
The New York Giants, for Hall of Famer
Ray Flaherty.
The Tennessee Titans, for Hall of Famer
Warren Moon, who played for the team in
its past incarnation as the Houston Oilers.
In the NHL:

The Chicago Blackhawks, for Hall of

Famer Glenn Hall.
The Detroit Red Wings, for Hall of
Famer Terry Sawchuk.
The Montreal Canadiens, for Hall of
Famer Jacques Plante.
The New York Rangers, for Hall of
Famer Eddie Giacomin.
The Minnesota Wild, for their fans.
The Philadelphia Flyers, for Hall of
Famer Bernie Parent.
The Toronto Maple Leafs have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the
player honoured either died or suered a
career-ending incident while a member of
the team. Other players whose numbers
would otherwise be retired instead have
their numbers enshrined by the team as
Honoured Numbers, which remain in
circulation for future players. The number 1 is currently honoured for Hall of
Famers Johnny Bower and Turk Broda.
In F1:
The previous year's world champion is allowed to use the number 1. Also, it is one
of two numbers from 199 that F1 drivers
cannot use, the other being 17, which
has been retired after Jules Bianchi's accident.
In NASCAR
The number of a car in the Sprint Cup Series originally owned by Dale Earnhardt
Inc. (19892007) and since 2008 by Chip
Ganassi Racing (when DEI merged into
Ganassi Racing). The car, a Chevrolet, is
currently driven by Jamie McMurray.

11 In other elds
1 is the value of an ace in many playing card games,
such as cribbage.
List of highways numbered 1
List of public transport routes numbered 1
1 is often used to denote the Gregorian calendar
month of January.
1 CE, the rst year of the Common Era
01, the former dialing code for Greater London
PRS One, a German paraglider design

14

12

See also

1
+1 (disambiguation)
One (word)
Root of unity

13

References

[1] Online Etymology Dictionary. etymonline.com. Douglas Harper.

[2] Skoog, Douglas. Principles of Instrumental Analysis.
Brooks/Cole, 2007, p. 758.
[3] Ifrah, Georges; et al. (1998). The Universal History of
Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. Translated by Bellos, David. yes. London: The
Harvill Press. p. 392, Fig. 24.61.
[4] Plastic Packaging Resins(PDF). American Chemistry
Council.
[5] Woodford, Chris (2006), Digital Technology, Evans
Brothers, p. 9, ISBN 978-0-237-52725-9
[6] Godbole, Achyut S. (1 September 2002), Data Comms
& Networks, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, p. 34, ISBN
978-1-259-08223-8
[7] Saros Series 1. Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses.
NASA. Retrieved September 29, 2016.

14

External links

The Number 1
The Positive Integer 1
Prime curiosities: 1

EXTERNAL LINKS

15
15.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

1 (number) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_(number)?oldid=750687543 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Eloquence, Bryan Derksen,

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Number 1, Mo ainm, Slightsmile, Wikipelli, Dcirovic, K6ka, Twonny, Slawekb, DeadShrimpBlues, Interwebninja, AvicBot, 157apt,
John Cline, Poop12345555, Ziva David, Pliming, Mar4d, Killernerd24, TomFenselau, TheodoreNg, D.Lazard, Wayne Slam, Jay-Sebastos,
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Thepikanation, Shinli256, Aswn, Frietjes, Hazhk, Muon, Marechal Ney, Newsuperdude102, Widr, AikenB1, Theopolisme, Secret of
success, Babulbaishya, Wbm1058, Hi2meera, Picklebobdogog, BG19bot, And Adoil Descended, Thisisaclassroom, Vagobot, Sacred2,
John Cummings, Sidxj, Username345, Wiki13, MusikAnimal, Metricopolus, Dmolken, AdventurousSquirrel, Wiki531, Manjix, DPL bot,
Snow Blizzard, Nutsackandasscrack, Kmonkmon, 123456789101112131415a, Justincheng12345-bot, Kc kennylau, Nashol, B787 300,
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15

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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Jmsoccer24, Adamtt9, Pokllllop, DopeDonut, , Bilorv, Killlrman, Tigercompanion25, Tommy edwards, SPIDERS 397,
Dropescone, Gronk Oz, Lyndsey724, SheriIsInTown, Haykam1222, Narky Blert, XxX$pace5Xxx, TheEditor1515, TheEditor151515,
Matt.w.gardner, AlphaBetaGamma01, SparkyDill128, GeneralizationsAreBad, Happyperson88664422, KasparBot, Mmatuz000, Poopad,
Adam9007, Jack Mullin, Codcassity13, KaBoom100, CAPTAIN RAJU, , WannaBeEditor, CLCStudent, WhyYouDoDisToMeh, Arjun Wox, InternetArchiveBot, Eurocus47, Amedeo100, Music1201, Boorider7, Motivao, Owen125864454865, Dofjjjdjfjfjjfjfjfjjjjfjfjjfjfjfrkhfowlenouf and Anonymous: 739

15.2

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