INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

ITU-T
TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
OF ITU

A.20
(03/1993)

SERIES A: RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE

ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK OF THE ITU
TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR

COLLABORATION WITH OTHER

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OVER DATA
TRANSMISSION

ITU-T Recommendation A.20

(Previously CCITT Recommendation)

 ITU 1993, 2007

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permission of ITU.

Recommendation A.20
WTSC-93 Book 1 Rec. A.20

COLLABORATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

OVER DATA TRANSMISSION
(Geneva, 1964; Mar del Plata, 1968; Geneva, 1972, 1976 and 1980;
Malaga-Torremolinos, 1984; Helsinki, 1993)
The WTSC,
considering
(a) that, according to Article 1 of the agreement between the United Nations and the International
Telecommunication Union, the United Nations recognizes the International Telecommunication Union as the specialized
agency responsible for taking such action as may be appropriate under its basic instrument for the accomplishment of the
purposes set forth therein;
(b) that Article 4 of the International Telecommunication Convention (Nairobi, 1982) states that the purposes
of the Union are:
a)

to maintain and extend international cooperation between all Members of the Union for the
improvement and rational use of telecommunications of all kinds, as well as to promote and to offer
technical assistance to developing countries in the field of telecommunications;

b)

to promote the development of technical facilities and their most efficient operation with a view to
improving the efficiency of telecommunication services, increasing their usefulness and making
them, so far as possible, generally available to the public;

c)

to harmonize the actions of nations in the attainment of those ends;

(c) that Article 40 of the Convention (Nairobi, 1982) states that, in furtherance of complete international
coordination on matters affecting telecommunication, the Union shall cooperate with international organizations having
related interests and activities;
(d) that in the study of data transmission the ITU-T has to collaborate with the organizations dealing with
data processing and office equipment and particularly the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC);
(e) that this collaboration has to be organized in a manner that will avoid duplication of work and decisions
that would be contrary to the principles set out above;
unanimously declares the view
that international standards for data transmission should be established with the following considerations in
mind:
(1) Clearly it will be the responsibility of the ITU-T to lay down standards for transmission channels,
i.e. aspects of data transmission which require a knowledge of telecommunication networks or affect performance of
these networks.
(2) The standardization of signal conversion terminal equipment (modems) is the province of the ITU-T; the
standardization of the junction (interface) between modem and the data terminal equipment is a matter of agreement
between the ITU-T and the ISO or the IEC.
(3) Devices designed to detect and (or) correct errors must take account of:

the error rate tolerable to the user;

the line transmission conditions;

the code, which has to meet the exigencies of the data alphabet and the requirements of error control
(this must be such as to give an output satisfactory to the user) together with the requisite signalling
(synchronism, repetition signals, etc.).
Recommendation A.20

Standardization here may not come wholly within the ITU-Ts province, but the ITU-T has very considerable
interests at stake.
(4) The alphabet (definition 52.02 in the List of definitions) is a table of correspondence between an agreed
set of characters and the signals which represent them.
The ITU-T and the ISO reached agreement on an alphabet for general (but not exclusive) use for data and
message transmission and have standardized a common alphabet which is known as International Alphabet No. 5 (ITUT Recommendation T.50) (ISO/646-1983: seven-bit coded character sets for information proccesing interchange).
Complementary study of some control characters of the alphabet should be effected in cooperation with each
other.
(5) Coding (definition 52.02 in the List of definitions) is a system of rules and conventions according to
which the telegraph signals forming a message or the data signals forming a block should be formed, transmitted,
received and processed. Hence, it consists of a transformation of the format of the signals in the alphabet for taking
account of synchronous methods, and introduction of redundancy in accordance with the error control system. This is
not a field in which the ITU-T alone may be able to decide; however, no decision should be taken without reference to
the Committee, because of the possible restrictions which transmission and switching peculiarities may impose on
coding.
When the general switched network is used (telephone or telex) and when the error-control devices are subject
to restrictions (switching signals reserved sequences), it is the ITU-T which is in fact responsible for any necessary
standardization in conjunction with other bodies.
(6) The limits to be observed for transmission performance on the transmission path (modem included) fall
within the competence of the ITU-T; the limits for the transmission performance of the sending equipment and the
margin of terminal data equipment (depending on the terminal apparatus and the transmission path limits) should be
fixed by agreement between the ISO and the ITU-T.
(7) In all instances, the ITU-T alone can lay down manual and automatic operating procedures for the settingup, holding and clearing of calls for data communications when the general switched networks are used, including type
and form of signals to be interchanged at the interface between data terminal equipment and data circuit-terminating
equipment.
(8) When a public data network is involved, the ITU-T has the responsibility to provide the
Recommendations which apply. Where these Recommendations have an impact on the basic design and features of data
processing systems and office equipment (normally DTE), they shall be the subject of consultation between ITU-T and
ISO and in some cases a mutual agreement may be desirable. Likewise when the ISO is developing or changing
standards that may affect compatibility with the public data network there shall be consultation with the ITU-T.

Recommendation A.20

ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS SERIES

Series A

Organization of the work of the ITU-T

Series B

Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification

Series C

General telecommunication statistics

Series D

General tariff principles

Series E

Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors

Series F

Non-telephone telecommunication services

Series G

Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H

Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I

Integrated services digital network

Series J

Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals

Series K

Protection against interference

Series L

Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

Series M

TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits,

telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits

Series N

Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits

Series O

Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P

Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

Series Q

Switching and signalling

Series R

Telegraph transmission

Series S

Telegraph services terminal equipment

Series T

Terminals for telematic services

Series U

Telegraph switching

Series V

Data communication over the telephone network

Series X

Data networks and open system communications

Series Y

Global information infrastructure and Internet protocol aspects

Series Z

Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2007