Bai 3

BI 3.
NGUYN L HOT NG CA CC
MCH IN C BN TRONG TD
A. L THUYT
I. Ti
1. Khi nim
o Ti l t gi chung cho nhng thnh phn tiu th nng lng in, c
trng cho kh nng ny ca ti l in tr.
2. Phn loi
o Ti s cp
a. Khi nim
L cc loi ti ch cn c in p l hot ng.

Mt in p phi c hai cc tnh l cc
dng (+) y l Vcc v cc m (-) tc l mass.
b. Cch mc v nguyn l
Mt u ti mc vo in cc dng - Vcc
Vi cch mc ny, bnh thng chn
P1 ca Ic s mc cao tc mc in p
bng vi Vcc, ti s khng hot ng.
ti hot ng, ch cn iu khin
chn P1 ca Ic xung mc thp tc mc
in p thp hn Vcc.
Mc in p thp ny s c tnh ton sao cho dng in sinh ra
c th vn hnh c ti.
a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

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Website: www.chamsocdidong.com
Ging Vin: KS Nguyn Thnh Phc
in thoi: 01299.24.24.24
Mt u ti mc vo in ca m - mass
Vi cch mc ny, bnh thng chn P1 ca Ic s mc thp tc

mc in p bng vi mass, ti s khng hot ng. ti hot
ng, ch cn iu khin chn P1 ca Ic ln mc cao tc mc in
p cao hn mass.
Mc in p cao ny s c tnh ton sao cho dng in sinh ra
c th vn hnh c ti.
Hai u ti mc vo Ic
Vi cch mc ny, Ic t to ra hai mc in p iu khin ti.

Bnh thng hai mc in p ny l bng nhau, ti s khng hot
ng. ti hot ng, Ic ch cn to ra s chnh lch in p gia
hai chn P1 v P2.
S chnh lch in p c tnh ton sao cho dng in sinh ra
c th vn hnh c ti.
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o Ti th cp loi 1
a. Khi nim
L cc loi ti phi c in p v tn hiu iu khin mi hot ng
b. Cc dng thng gp v nguyn l
Hot ng ca Transistor
Transistor trn ch hot ng khi c cp p VFlash1 v c

iu khin thng qua chn En.

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Hot ng ca Ic cp p ph
Ic cp p ph trn ch hot ng khi c cp p Vbatt v c

iu khin thng qua chn En.
o Ti th cp loi 2
a. Khi nim
L cc loi ti c iu kin hot ng phc tp hn, tc l ngoi
in p v tn hiu iu khin ta cn phi c thm mt s iu kin khc

na.

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b. Phn loi v nguyn l
Ti truyn dn d liu
Bnh thng Ic chung s c cp in p Vbatt t Pin,

truyn dn tn hiu pht ra chung, Ic ny s c iu khin hot
ng thng qua chn C2 v ng thi tn hiu s c gi n thng
qua chn A1 v C1.
Ti trao i d liu

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i vi loi ti trao i d liu, trc tin phi cp in p ti

hot ng, sau l cp tn hiu RST lp li trng thi ban u,
tip theo l cp xung CLK ng b vi ti v cui cng l trao
i d liu thng qua chn DAT.
Nguyn tc hot ng trn l nguyn l c bn nht i vi loi
ti trao i d liu.
3. Cch my nhn bit ti
o Mt in p a vo - thng l pht hin sc c gn vo my.
Khi gn sc vo my, in p t cc sc c truyn n Ic sc. Ic
ny s bo cho CPU. Khi tn hiu c bo cho CPU, my s nhn bit

c sc gn vo.
o Mt loi ti thng qua dng in

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nhn bit my c lp Sim hay cha? CPU s iu khin
khi ngun cp in p Vsim. Nu my lm Sim s sinh ra dng in,

chnh dng in ny m CPU bit c my c lp Sim. Ngc
li, s khng c dng in sinh ra, CPU s yu cu lp Sim hay vo ch
my bay.
o Mt ti thng qua s thay i mc logic
in t ni chung v in thoi ni ring c hai mc logic l 0 v 1.
Mt mch in c thit k pht hin ti c gn vo thng qua

vic lm thay i mc logic.
Cm nhn mc 1
Khi cha lp Sim, chn 9 s mc 0 do c ni vi chn 8 chn mass. Khi lp Sim vo, chn 9 s c mc 1 do c ngt ra khi
chn 8.
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Cm nhn mc 0
Bnh thng khi cha gn ti chn P1 ca Ic s mc 1, khi gn

ti vo s lm kha K ng li - chn P1 ca Ic s c ni mass. Nh
s thay i ny m Ic nhn bit ti gn vo my.
4. Bi tp
a. Ti l g? Trong in thoi di ng, ti c phn thnh bao nhiu loi?
Hy sp xp nhng thit b sau theo tng loi ti

Chung, Mn hnh, Sim, Camera, Loa
Cc thit b no sau y l Ti trao i d liu

Mic, Th nh, mn hnh, Sim
b. in thoi nhn bit s c mt ca Ti bng nhng hnh thc no?
Trn Model 6300, hy cho bit my nhn bit cc Ti sau thng qua
hnh thc no?

Tai nghe, Sim, Th nh, Sc
Mn hnh, Camera

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II. Phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca cc mch in c bn

1. Mch rung
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Motor l ti s cp, mt u ti c mc vo in cc dng - Vbatt
Bnh thng chn G3 ca D200 mc cao - Motor khng quay. Khi
c s iu khin ca CPU, chn G3 ca D200 c a xung mc thp
- Motor quay. Nu CPU thi cp tn hiu iu khin rung, chn G3 ca
D200 li tr li mc cao.
Hin tng: Khng rung
c. Bi tp
Chn mt Model bn ang mun tham kho v cch khc phc s c.
Hy thc hin theo yu cu sau
V li s mch
Trnh by nguyn l hot ng
Trnh t khc phc s c
Kim tra mch in
i vi mch in m bn va hc
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2. Mch chung
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Chung l ti s cp, c hai u c mc vo Ic. Chung c dng
pht nhc, nghe loa ngoi
iu khin pht chung, CPU ch cn cp tn hiu iu khin v
gi tn hiu m thanh sang Ic ngun. Nhim v Ic ngun lc ny l
chuyn i v khuch i tn hiu m thanh a ti chung.
i vi mt s mch c Ic chung th nhim v khuch i tn hiu
m thanh l do Ic chung thc hin. Ic chung trong in thoi di ng
thng c cp p t Pin
Hin tng: Khng
chung
c. Bi tp
Thc hin theo yu cu
nh Bi tp ti mc 1

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in thoi: 01299.24.24.24
3. Mch loa
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Loa l ti s cp, c hai u c mc vo Ic. Loa c dng nghe
khi thc hin chc nng gi nhn.
Ic qun l loa gi l Cobba, Ic ny thng c tch hp trong Ic
ngun (Nokia) hay c Ic qun l m thanh ring - Ic Audio (iPhone).
Sng in thoi trung tn (IF) sau khi n Cobba s c h xung
thnh sng m tn (AF). Sau , Cobba s gii iu ch v khuch i
tn hiu m tn trc khi a ra loa.
Hin tng: Khng nghe ngi ta ni
c. Bi tp
Thc hin theo yu cu nh Bi tp ti mc 1

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4. Mch mic
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Mic l ti s cp, c mt u c mc ni mass. Mic c dng ni
chuyn khi thc hin chc nng gi nhn hay ghi m
Ic qun l Mic gi l Cobba, Ic ny thng c tch hp trong Ic
ngun (Nokia) hay c Ic qun l m thanh ring - Ic Audio (iPhone). Tn
hiu m thanh c tn s t 300hz n 3400hz, c Mic chuyn i
thnh tn hiu in truyn n Cobba. Ti y, tn hiu ny s c
khuch i, iu ch, nng tn thnh sng trung tn (IF). chc nng
ghi m th tn hiu m thanh c chuyn i thnh tn hiu in, sau
c m ha v lu tr b nh ca my.
Ngoi Mic hai chn, in thoi di ng cn c Mic dng Ic t 3 chn
tr ln. Ty theo Mic dng Ic no, ta c th hoc thay th.
Hin tng: Ni ngi ta khng nghe
c. Bi tp
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in thoi: 01299.24.24.24
5. Mch Sim
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Sim l ti trao i d liu.
nhn bit my lp Sim hay cha, CPU iu khin Ic ngun cp
p AC qua chn Vsim. Nu my cha lp Sim s khng c dng chy
trong mch.
Ngc li, khi my lp Sim s c dng chy xc nh. Do , Sim
h my s khng nhn Sim - tr trng hp kha mng.
Khi nhn c Sim, CPU s iu khin Ic ngun cp p Vsim
dng DC v duy tr ngun ny trong sut qu trnh hot ng. Sau ,
cp tip cc tn hiu RST, CLK v trao i d liu vi Sim qua chn
DAT.
Hin tng: Khng nhn Sim
c. Bi tp
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in thoi: 01299.24.24.24
6. Mch bn phm
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Bn phm dng nhp d liu v cc dng lnh vo khi logic, c
thit k theo kiu ma trn kt ni trc tip n CPU hay thng qua mt
mch m thng l Ic. Cc dng (Row) v ct (Col) c nh sn mc 0
hoc 1.
Lc ch ch, my thnh thong cho chy chng trnh qut
phm. Chng trnh ny s i tm mc 0 hoc 1 ty theo chng trnh,
thng thng l mc 0. Khi pht hin mc logic cn thit - tc c phm
nhn, CPU s xc nh phm v cho chy chng trnh tng ng vi
phm c nhn.
Hin tng:
Lit mt vi phm
Lit mt hng/ mt ct
Lit ton b
c. Bi tp
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in thoi: 01299.24.24.24
7. Mch mn hnh
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Mn hnh dng trnh by giao din vi ngi s dng, d liu c
hin th vi sc nt ph thuc vo s im nh c trn mn hnh.
Khi m ngun hay nhn phm ch ch, CPU s truy xut d liu
trc tip ln mn hnh hay thng qua mt mch m thng l Ic.
hin th c d liu, thng thng mn hnh s c cp hai in p
1V8 v 2V8, cc tn hiu C/S, RST, CLK v cc chn d liu. Tt c cc
ng mch ny iu quan trng nu h s dn n s c.
Ngoi ra trn mn hnh cn c n chiu sng, phn chiu sng
ny thng c vn hnh bi Ic n. Phn ny nu h khng nh
hng n d liu hin th trn mn hnh.
Hin tng: Trng mn hnh
c. Bi tp
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8. Mch n
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Mch n dng chiu sng mn hnh hay bn phm ca in thoi.
Bnh thng khi cha m ngun hay ch ch, VLED+ khng
p cp sng n mn hnh v bn phm - VLED+ = 0V/ 4V ty
theo Model. Khi c tn hiu iu khin, mch cp p s to ra mt in
p VLED+ khong 18 VDC.
Trong mch cp p VLED+ th L2304, cc t C2314, C2315 c
nhim v tng p. Ic qun l vic cp p VLED+ trong in thoi
thng c cp p t Pin.
Hin tng: Khng n mn hnh bn phm
c. Bi tp

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9. Cm ng
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Cm ng c xem nh mt bn phm o hot ng da vo s phn
vng t trng. Mn hnh s c phn vng, mi vng c s thay i v
t khc nhau. Khi vng no c s thay i v t - tc c phm nhn, tn
hiu ny c CPU nhn bit. Sau khi xc lp yu cu, CPU s cho chy
chng trnh tng ng.
Hin tng:
Lit cm ng
Lit mt vng cm ng
Cm ng lch
c. Bi tp
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10. Mch th nh
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Th nh l thit b trao i d liu - b nh ngoi, gip tng dung
lng cho my, dng lu tr d liu, hnh nh, nhc, Game
Nguyn tc hot ng ca th nh cng ging nh Sim, ngha l
my nhn bit lp th hay cha da vo dng chy. Khi nhn th
th CPU s Reset, ng b v trao i d liu vi th nh.
Tc trao i d liu ph thuc vo xung Clock, tc x l v
s chn DAT. p cp cho th nh thng l 2.8V
Hin tng: Khng nhn th
c. Bi tp

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11. Mch Camera, Video

a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Camera l thit b dng ghi nhn hnh nh, khi ch quay phim
c thm phn ghi m nh vo Mic.
kch hot ch Camera, CPU s iu khin vic cp p v cc
tn hiu khc cho php Camera hot ng. D liu c ghi v truyn
n CPU s c x l v hin th trn mn hnh.
Thng thng c hai in p 1V8 v 2V8 cp cho Camera c
phn gii thp di 3.2 Megapixel. T 3.2 Megapixel tr ln thng c
trn hai in p v mch in phc tp hn.
Mt vi Camera c thm n Flash
Hin tng:
Vo chp nh treo my/ t Reset/ t thot ra ngoi
Quay phim c, chp nh khng c
c. Bi tp
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12. Mch sc
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Sc l qu trnh ti to li in p cho Pin, qu trnh ny thng i hi
mt dng in chnh xc cao. Hai yu t: Vbatt lin quan n rt nhiu
thnh phn phn cng trong in thoi, cng vi mt mch sc phc tp
lm cho vic xc nh nguyn nhn h hng ca s c gp nhiu kh khn.
Khi cm sc vo, p sc c a n Ic sc, mt tn hiu bo sc s
gi n CPU. Khi nhn c tn hiu bo sc ny, CPU s cho kim tra
iu kin sc. Nu khng tt th bo li, ngc li th s iu khin Ic
Sc - sc in cho Pin. Trong sut qu trnh sc CPU lun kim tra dng
sc ngt sc khi Pin y.
S c sc thng c chia thnh hai trng hp:
Sc khng phn ng l khi gn sc vo my khng bo g, hin
tng ny l do tn hiu bo sc khng n c CPU.

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Sc bo li l do iu kin sc khng tt - do s thay i gi tr in

tr ca ti hay mch in c vn dn n dng in khng chnh xc.
Ty theo Model v nguyn nhn h hng m c nhng cnh bo nh:
Sc khng c/ Sc khng bo y/ khng h tr b sc/ tip xc np
in km i khi do s khng tng thch Cap sc hay qu ti c th
c nhng cnh bo nh: Cm sc bo USB/ cng COM/ tt ngun/ mt
n
c. Bi tp
13. Mch tai nghe
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Khi cm tai nghe vo, chn 10 lp tc thay i trng thi 0/ 1, s thay
i ny c Ic qun l tai nghe pht hin v bo cho CPU. CPU s iu
khin my chuyn sang ch tai nghe, lc ny loa v mic trn my khng
hot ng c.
Hin tng:
T hin th tai nghe
Nhn tai nghe nhng li: Khng loa/ khng mic; Khng loa khng
mic
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c. Bi tp
14. Mch USB
a. S mch
b. Nguyn l hot ng
Cng USB dng truyn d liu/ chy chng trnh cho my.
Cng USB my tnh lun cp in p khong 5 VDC, do khi cm
thit b vo my tnh, s sinh ra dng chy, nh m my tnh nhn bit
c thit b gn vo. Tip , l qu trnh trao i d liu vi thit b thng
qua chn DM v DP.
Hin tng
Khng nhn USB
Sc USB c, khng trao i d liu.
c. Bi tp

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B. THC HNH
I. Tho lp Ic c Keo
1. Tho Ic
a. Ly keo xung quanh Ic
Ly bng m hn
Dng m hn y nh keo xung quanh Ic. Vi phng php ny, i
hi m han phi tt v tay ngh ca K thut vin khng lm nh
hng n ng mch trn Board.
Ly bng m kh
Dng m kh nh hoc m kh trung
Gi mnh, la va phi - sao cho khng chy ch linh kin
Dng dao ly keo xung quanh - dao dng phi t yu cu k thut
tc ct Board khng t
b. Kh ly Ic
Kh kt hp
Trong qu trnh kh, dng dao thm d 4 gc Ic cho nha thng rt vo
trong v chn ng thi im By keo Ic
2. ng Ic
a. Ly keo trn Board
Ht ch trn Board
V sinh Board
Ly bng m hn hay dao u c - ch chn ca Ic

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b. Ly keo trn Ic
Ht ch trn Ic
V sinh/ Khng
Ly bng m hn hay dao u c - ch chn ca Ic
c. ng Ic
Kh iu chnh gi la
II. Bi tp
Thc hnh tho lp Ic c keo (Ic nha, Ic king)
1. Ly keo xung quanh Ic
2. Ly keo trn Board
3. Ly keo trn Ic
4. Tho Ic
5. ng Ic

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BI 3.

L cc loi ti ch cn c in p l hot ng.

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

Vi cch mc ny, bnh thng chn P1 ca Ic s mc thp tc

Vi cch mc ny, Ic t to ra hai mc in p iu khin ti.

L cc loi ti phi c in p v tn hiu iu khin mi hot ng

b. Cc dng thng gp v nguyn l

Transistor trn ch hot ng khi c cp p VFlash1 v c

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

Ic cp p ph trn ch hot ng khi c cp p Vbatt v c

L cc loi ti c iu kin hot ng phc tp hn, tc l ngoi

in p v tn hiu iu khin ta cn phi c thm mt s iu kin khc

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

b. Phn loi v nguyn l

Bnh thng Ic chung s c cp in p Vbatt t Pin,

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

i vi loi ti trao i d liu, trc tin phi cp in p ti

Khi gn sc vo my, in p t cc sc c truyn n Ic sc. Ic

ny s bo cho CPU. Khi tn hiu c bo cho CPU, my s nhn bit

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

nhn bit my c lp Sim hay cha? CPU s iu khin

khi ngun cp in p Vsim. Nu my lm Sim s sinh ra dng in,

in t ni chung v in thoi ni ring c hai mc logic l 0 v 1.

Mt mch in c thit k pht hin ti c gn vo thng qua

Bnh thng khi cha gn ti chn P1 ca Ic s mc 1, khi gn

Hy sp xp nhng thit b sau theo tng loi ti

Cc thit b no sau y l Ti trao i d liu

b. in thoi nhn bit s c mt ca Ti bng nhng hnh thc no?

hnh thc no?

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

II. Phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca cc mch in c bn

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

11. Mch Camera, Video

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

Sc bo li l do iu kin sc khng tt - do s thay i gi tr in

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

a ch: 1114 ng 3 thng 2, P12, Q11, TP.HCM

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