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Oleh :
Yuliet Iman Mega, S.Ked
FAB 115 017
Pembimbing :
dr. Nunun Chatra Kristinae, Sp.THT-KL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
REFERAT
OBSTRUKSI JALAN NAPAS
Disusun untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat mengikuti Ujian Akhir Kepaniteraan Klinik di
Bagian Telinga Hidung Tenggorok (THT)-Kepala & Leher (KL)
RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya
Disusun oleh:
Yuliet Iman Mega, S.Ked
FAA 115 017
Oktober 2016
Pembimbing,
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat
dan rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan referat yang berjudul Obstruksi Jalan Napas
dengan tepat waktu.Dalam kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dr.
Nunun Chatra Kristinae, Sp.THT-KL sebagai pembimbing yang telah membantu penulis
dalam penyelesaian penyusunan referatini. Referat ini disusun dengan kemampuan penulis
yang terbatas, sehingga penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun untuk
perbaikan referat ini dan semoga bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Palangka Raya,
Oktober 2016
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Lembar Pengesahan.................................................................................................ii
Kata Pengantar........................................................................................................iii
Daftar Isi.................................................................................................................iv
Daftar Gambar.........................................................................................................v
I.PENDAHULUAN................................................................................................1
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1.Anatomi Laring.............................................................................................3
2.1.1 KartilagoLaring......................................................................................4
2.1.2 LigamentumdanMembrana....................................................................6
2.1.3 Otot-ototLaring......................................................................................7
2.1.4 VaskularisasidanPersarafanLaring.......................................................11
2.2. Fisiologi Laring..........................................................................................13
2.2.1 Fonasi...................................................................................................13
2.3. Kelumpuhan Pita Suara..............................................................................14
2.3.1. Definisi...............................................................................................14
2.3.2. Epidemiologi......................................................................................15
2.3.3.Etiologi................................................................................................15
2.3.4.Klasifikasi............................................................................................16
2.3.4.1 ParalisisNervusLaringeus Recurrent...........................................16
2.3.4.2 ParalisisNervusLaringeus Superior.............................................20
2.3.4.3 ParalisisKombinasi.....................................................................20
2.3.5. Penegakan Diagnosis..........................................................................21
2.3.5.1 Indirect Laryngoscopy................................................................21
2.3.5.2 Fiberoptic Laryngoscope............................................................22
2.3.5.3 Direct Laryngoscope...................................................................22
2.3.5.4 Laryngeal Electromyography.....................................................23
2.3.6.Penatalaksanaan...................................................................................23
III. KESIMPULAN................................................................................................25
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.............................................................................................26
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar1. AnatomiLaring........................................................................................3
Gambar 2.PlikaVokalis............................................................................................4
Gambar3. Kartilago pada Laring.............................................................................5
Gambar4.OtotEkstrinsikLaringTampak Anterior....................................................8
Gambar5. Otot Ekstrinsik Laring Tampak Anteroinferior dan Posteroinferior.......8
Gambar6.OtotInstrinsikLaring...............................................................................10
Gambar7. Abduksi dan Adduksi Pita Suara...........................................................10
Gambar8. Vaskularisasi Arteri dan Vena pada Laring...........................................11
Gambar9. PersarafanpadaLaring............................................................................12
Gambar10. Siklus Fonasi Glottis...........................................................................13
Gambar11.Perbedaan Vocal Cord saatRespirasidanFonasi....................................14
Gambar12. NervusLaringeus Recurrent................................................................17
Gambar13. Posisi Pita Suara Normal dan Kelumpuhan........................................17
Gambar 14.PosisiPlikaVokalis...............................................................................18
Gambar 15.ParalisisNervusLaringeus Recurrent Bilateral....................................19
Gambar 16.PemeriksaanLaringoskopiIndirek.......................................................21
Gambar 17.Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy....................................................................22
Gambar 18.Direct Laryngoscope...........................................................................22
Gambar 19.Tiroplastimedialisasidengankartilago.................................................24