Protection of the infrastructure from HEMP and IEMI

disturbances through the application of standards

Dr. Richard Hoad and B. Petit
A presentation to: The IET Seminar on The Triple Threat to Infrastructure

14th January 2013

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Contents

01 Introduction
02 Civilian IEMI & HEMP standards
03 Military IEMI & HEMP Standards
04 The HiPOW project
05 Summary

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01 Introduction

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Introduction
The need to provide protection guidelines for High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse
(HEMP) Environments has been with us for some time
Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) threats are relatively new
Protection advice generally takes the form of;
General guidance
Terminology definitions

Environment definitions
Specific protection and hardening guidelines
Physical access and electromagnetic topology control

This paper provides;

An overview of IEMI & HEMP standards
Civilian & Military

An overview of a new guide being produced for the EU

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02 Civilian IEMI & HEMP Standards

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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) SC 77C

The IEC has been developing High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP)
Standards and reports since the late 1980s
SC 77C was formed in 1992

Initial emphasis was to provide the means to protect civilian electronics

equipment from the effects of HEMP generated by high-altitude nuclear
bursts
Scope of work in subcommittee SC 77C expanded in June 1999 to include all
High Power EM transient threats (HPEM), including IEMI
High Power generally refers to radiated fields or conducted voltages and currents
which have the capability to disrupt electronic systems (e.g. greater than 100V/m
and greater than 100V)

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Organisation of work in SC 77C

Objective is to provide voluntary standards for civilian systems to protect
against all man made high power EM transients including HEMP and IEMI
events
The Secretariat is held by UK, Secretary is Dr. R. Hoad, UK
The Chairman is Dr. William Radasky, USA
Participating Nations (P-members)
China, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Mexico, Norway, Pakistan,
Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom and USA
(18)

Observing Nations (O-members)

Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Ireland, Israel,
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and Ukraine (16)

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SC 77C Publications

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System Level Assessment: IEC 61000-5-9

Aim is to provide information methods and techniques available to assess the impact of
HEMP and HPEM on systems
System is defined as:
a combination of apparatuses and/or active components constituting a single functional unit
and intended to be installed and operated to perform (a) specific task(s)

The methodology is split in to 4 phases

Sub-systems and Equipment Characterisation
System Analysis
System Test
Susceptibility Assessment

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HEMP Protection of the Infrastructure: 61000-5-8

Provides guidance on protection of the
distributed civil infrastructure from the threat
of HEMP
Power
Telecommunications
Transportation
Natural gas
Food distribution
Water distribution
Etc.

Unique problem space:

Near simultaneous failures
Common mode failures
Wide geographical area

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IEC 61000-5-8 Contents

4 General introduction
5 Description of the distributed infrastructure
6 Spatial variation of HEMP environments
7 Implications for HEMP coupling to extended conductors
8 Relation of HEMP disturbances to natural EM environments
8.1 General
8.2 Comparison of HEMP E1 to EFT and surge
8.3 Comparison of HEMP E3 to currents induced by geomagnetic storms

9 Protection strategy
9.1 General
9.2 Electric power
9.3 Telecommunication centres
9.4 Other infrastructures

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Typical IEMI Radiated Environments: IEC 61000-2-13

Hypoband (HPM)

Hyperband (UWB)

Mesoband (Damped Sine)

Source: IEC 61000-2-13: HPEM Environments

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HPEM Simulator Compendium: 61000-4-35

Provides information about extant system-level HPEM
simulators and their applicability as test facilities and
validation tools for HPEM immunity test
requirements

Simulator
(SUPRA, Germany)

Covers:
Wideband and Ultra wideband (mesoband, sub-hyperband
and hyperband) simulators
Narrowband (hypoband) simulators
Tuneable simulators
Reverberation Chambers

Covers full operational specifications of the simulator

e.g. test volume, maximum E-field, pulse characteristics etc.

Contributions (so far) from:

Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK, Ukraine,
USA

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Typical time-domain waveform

100s/div

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Other Civilian Standards

CIGRE WG C4.206 Initiative - Protection of the High Voltage Power
Network Control Electronics against IEMI
ITU- T SG5 International Telecommunications Union T (Fixed
telecommunications) Study Group 5
ITU-T K.78
High altitude electromagnetic pulse immunity guide for
telecommunication centres (06/2009)
ITU-T K.81
High-power electromagnetic immunity guide for telecommunication
systems, (11/2009)

IEEE P1642 Draft Recommended Practice for Protecting Public

Accessible Computer Systems from Intentional EMI

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03 Military IEMI & HEMP Standards

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Military HEMP Standards

UK
Def Stan 08-4 Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) Hardening guideline
Updated 2010 for ionising radiation environments and effects
Based on NATO AEP-4
HEMP section to be updated in next revision
Def Stan 59-411 Primary Tri service EMC Standard
Describes the E3 environment
Equipment level tests for HEMP (DCS05 (Land and Sea), DCS08 (Air))
Def Stan 59-188 Anglicised version of Mil Std 188-125
Under the leadership of UK MoD Systems Engineering and Integration Group (SEIG),
Defence Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Authority (DE3A)

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Military HEMP Standards

US standards
Mil Std 464A E3 Requirements for systems
Specifies the environment from Mil Std 2169B, also has an unclassified environment
Mil Std 461D/E/F Requirements for control of EMI
Has a test method RS105 for HEMP testing
Mil Std 2169B Classified HEMP environment
Does not give installation design criteria or test methods
Difficult to obtain
Mil Std 188-125 provides a low risk approach for protection of fixed and transportable
facilities against HEMP
Part 1: Fixed Facilities, Part 2: Transportable Facilities
Unclassified Environment not included not necessary
Designed specifically for C4I
Low risk approach can lead to overly onerous requirement

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NATO AECTP Standards

AECTP 500 Ed 4.0: 2011
The Electric, Magnetic & Electromagnetic Environment Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Test and
Verification
HEMP Test methods

NATO AECTP 250 Ed 2.0: 2010

Leaflet 256 Nuclear EMP
Covers HEMP, SREMP and SGEMP
References STANAG 4145 and IEC 61000-2-9 (HEMP Environment)
Leaflet 257 High Power Microwave
HPM defined as >200 MHz
Provides discussion on:
Types of HPM Sources
Types of HPM waveform
HPM Levels (Environment)
References/relies on IEC SC 77C guidance

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Mil Std 464 C E3 Requirements for Systems

Narrowband and Wideband Environments specified (both in frequency domain)
Environment articulated at a fixed distance but allows tailoring
Narrowband 1km
Wideband 100m

Threat defined in Intel Capstone Documents and MIL-HDBK- 235

HPM Threat Parameters Provided
Delivery Method of HPM Threats Described

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04 The HiPOW Project

HI
Protection of Critical Infrastructures
against High Power Microwave Threats

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Overview
EUROPEAN Commission: FP7 4th Security
Research Call
Coordinator

Topic SEC-2011.2.2-2 Protection of Critical

Infrastructure (structures, platforms and
networks) against Electromagnetic (High
Power Microwave (HPM)) Attacks

Forsvarets
forskningsintitutt
Norway

QinetiQ
United Kingdom

DALO
Denmark

Dstl: Cyber and Influence Centre - supporting

EADS-FIW
France

VOP-026
Sternberk, s.p.
Czech Republic

CPST
Lithuania

Project aims:
To develop a holistic regime for the Protection
of Critical European Infrastructures against
Electromagnetic Attacks.

Forsvarsbygg
Norway

Budget: 4.5 million (EU Contribution 3.37

million)
Project duration: 3 years:

ONERA
France

ETRA-ID
Spain

NET Technologies
Greece
Fraunhofer INT
Germany

Project Start date: 1st June 2012

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ITACA
Spain

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NCSR Demokritos
Greece
AIT
Austria

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Objectives & Organisation

Objectives:
Conduct Threat analysis
Review existing Laws, Regulations and
standards
Suggest a risk management process
Conduct effects experiments to support the
project recommendations
Develop a Non Nuclear EMP/High Power
Microwave (NNEMP/HPM) prototype
detector
Prepare guidelines and recommendations on
protection levels and give advice on how to
harden and increase architecture robustness

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HIPOW Project Organisation

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Work Breakdown

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Work Package 7 Handbook

Task 7.1 - Prepare a standard for
NNEMP/HPM protection, and/or input
to relevant international standards
organizations
disseminate the key findings and
Provide recommendations that have real life
impact and are readily applicable for the end
users.

Task 7.2 - Produce reference material,

i.e. handbooks and guidelines for
NNEMP/HPM protection

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Other EU Projects
STRUCTURES
Addressing the same Security Call as HiPOW
Start: July 2012
Project Leader - IDS Italy
Primarily academic focus
EU Project office keen for HIPOW to coordinate with STRUCTURES

SECurity of Railways against Electromagnetic aTtacks (SECRET)

Addressing the same Security Call as HiPOW
Start: August 2012
Project Leader - EU Transport Authority (EUROPE RECHERCHE TRANSPORT )
Primarily academic focus working on HPM issues associated with the European Rail
Transport Management System (ERTMS)
The above demonstrate the EU Security area interest in IEMI protection

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05 Summary

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Summary
An overview of military and civilian IEMI & HEMP standards has been provided
A number of IEMI and HEMP standards and guidance notes have been published in the civilian
domain
IEC SC77C is pioneering standards in this area
Military HPM protection standards are emerging
The US have developed and published an RF DE (HPM) EME in Mil-Std 464C

An overview of the EU HIPOW Technical project goals has been provided;

Aim: Improved European resilience against IEMI attacks:
a clear view for the policy makers on the HEMP/IEMI threat against critical infrastructures.
demonstrate significant improvements of the existing unsatisfactory situation.
Value added awareness among end-users
Handbook and database
Risk management regime

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