CIVIL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR

MEDHMAR 132/11kV SUBSTATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION

PAGE NO.

1.0 GENERAL
1.1
1.2
1.3

Introduction
Scope
Units Of Measurement

5
5
5
5

2.0 DESIGN STANDARDS & CODE OF PRACTICES

3.0 LOADS

3.1 Dead Loads

3.2 Live Loads
3.3 Surcharge Loads

8
10
11

3.4 Earth Pressure

11

3.5 Crane Load

12

3.6 Wind Loads

12

3.7 Seismic Loads

13

3.8 Blast Load

15

4.0 METHOD OF ANALYSIS& DESIGN

4.1 Results

15
15

5.0 DESIGN
5.1 Concrete Works
5.1.1 Materials
5.1.2 Loads
5.1.3 Load Combinations
5.1.4 Design
5.1.5 Deflection in slabs & beams
5.1.6 Clear Cover to Reinforcement
5.1.7 Anchorage & Lap lengths
5.1.8 Steel fabric reinforcement
5.2 Foundations

16
16
16
17
17
20
20
21
21
22
23

5.2.1 Soil Parameters

5.2.2 Stability
5.2.3 Expansion Joints
5.2.4 Fire Resistance
5.2.5 Retaining Walls
5.3 Masonry
5.4 Detailing
5.5 Structural Steel
5.5.1 Materials
5.5.2 Moment Capacity
5.5.3 Maximum Slenderness
5.5.4 Deflections
5.5.5 Loads
5.5.6 Load Combinations
5.5.7 Connections
5.5.7.1
Bolts
5.5.8 Welding

23
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
29
29
31

5.5.8 Minimum Thickness

31

6.0 Drainage and Plumbing

31

7.0 Internal Road and Pavement Works

33

8.0 Water Proofing

33

9.0 Road Base

33

10.0 Boundary Wall

34

Soil Report Extracts

1.0

35

GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
DANWAY Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Company has been awarded the
contract of building and commissioning of 1 no. 132/11 kV substation for Dubai
Electricity and Water Authority. The substation is referred as,
(I)

MEDHMAR 132/11kV SUBSTATION.

1.2 SCOPE
This document describes the general requirements and various design parameters
that need to be considered in the design of buildings/structures and other

services/utilities for the proposed substation building,"All civil elements in the

proposed substation shall be designed to require minimum maintenance and to result
in a durable construction". Followed as per DEWA specifications.
1.3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
The units of measurement adopted in design shall be the SI system of units.
2.0

DESIGN STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICES

All designs shall be prepared in accordance with British Standards and codes of
practices. Seismic analysis shall be as per UBC97. Various codes of practices being
referred to are listed below. Any other British code not listed shall also be
considered.
CIRIA SP31

Guide to concrete construction in Gulf region special publication

BC A

Publication 97.303 CP for laying precast concrete block pavements

BS 4

Structural steel sections

BS 12

Specification for ordinary and rapid hardening Portland Cement

BS 497

Specification for manhole covers, road gully gratings and frames

31.

for
Drainage purpose
BS 648

Schedule of weights of building materials

BS 729

Hot dipped galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles

BS 743

Specifications for Materials For damp proof courses

BS 812

Testing aggregates

BS 882

Aggregates from natural sources for concrete

BS 1610

Materials testing machines and force verification equipment

BS 1722

Fences. Pt10.Anti-intruder chain link fences

BS 1881

Testing concrete

BS 2573

Rules for the design of cranes

BS 2853

Specification for the testing of steel overhead runway beams for

hoist blocks
BS 3148

Methods of test for water for making concrete

BS 3692

ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts

BS 4027

Sulphate-resisting Portland cement

BS 4102

Steel wire and wire products for fences

BS 4190

ISO metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts

BS 4248

Super sulphated cement

BS 4360

Specification for weldable structural steel

BS 4449

Specification for Carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of

concrete
BS 4466

Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and cutting of

Steel reinforcement for concrete

BS 4848

Specification for hot rolled structural steel sections

BS 4483

Specification for steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete

BS 4514

PVC-U soil and ventilating pipes, fitting and accessories

BS 4550

Methods of testing cement

BS 4660

Unplasticized PVC-U pipes and fittings of nominal sizes 110 and

160 for below ground gravity drainage and sewerage

BS 5075

Concrete Admixtures

BS 5328

Methods of specifying concrete

BS 5385

Wall and floor tiling

BS 5481

Unplasticized PVC pipe and fitting for gravity sewers

BS 5572

CP for sanitary pipe work

BS 5606

Guide in accuracy in buildings

BS 5628

Code of practice for structural use of masonry

BS5930

CP for site investigations

BS 5950

Structural use of steelwork in building

BS 6031

Code of practice for earthwork

BS 6150

CP for painting of buildings

BS 6297

CP for design and installation of small sewage treatment works and

cesspools

BS 6367

CP for drainage of roofs and paved areas

BS 6399

Loading for building

Part 1

Code of practice for dead and imposed loads

Part 2

Code of practice for wind loads

Part 3

Code of practice for imposed roof loads

BS 6431

Ceramic floor and wall tiles

BS 6515

Polyethylene damp-proof courses for masonry

BS 6949

Bitumen-based coating

BS 8002

Code of practice for Earth retaining Structures.

BS 8004

Code of practice for foundations

BS 8007

Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining

aqueous liquid.

BS 8110

Structural use of concrete

BS 8204

In-situ floorings

BS 8301

Code of practice for Building drainage

BS 8666

Bar bending shape codes

UBC 97

Uniform Building Code

DIN 1072

Roads & Foot bridges: design loads

DIN 1045

Pre stressed concrete design

ASHRAE

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc

Road Note 29

Temperature climate, Flexible and rigit pavement

&Medium and heavy traffic

ASTM A775

Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars

& A775M

3.1

LOADS

3.2

DEAD LOADS
Dead Loads shall comprise of the weight of the structure including weights

of walls, floors, roof, finishes, and services such as ducts, pipe work etc., and any
other permanent construction. For design, the following weights of materials will be
considered.
Cement sand screed

24.00 kN/m3

Reinforced cement concrete

25.00 kN/m3

Light weight screed

12.00 kN/m3

Structural Steel

78.50 kN/m3

Ceramic tiles (8mm thk)

0.20 kn/ m2

Roof Tile

24.00 kN/m3

Hollow block work

16.00 kN/m3

Thermal block work

16.00 kN/m3

Solid block work

21.00 kN/m3

Plaster

20.00 kN/m3

Ceramic wall tiles

(Stoneware incl.bedding mortar 10mm thk)

0.22 kN/m2

Marble 20mm thk.

0.56 kN/m2

Loading from Partition walls on Floor(100mm thk)

2.00 kN/m2

Dead load for suspended ceiling,

Pipes A/C system etc.

1.0 kN/m2

water proofing etc.

0.5kN/m2

Alluminium claustra mesh

0.15 KN/m2

water

10.0 KN/ m3

** Superimposed dead load on all floors shall be considered based on the thickness,
screed and other equipment foundations/loads acting on the respective floors.
** Partition wall should be supported on beams

External 250mm thick thermo block wall

i)
ii)

External Thermo block Wall 250 thk

Plastering (Internal & external -

0.25*16

= 4 kN/m2

0.04*20

= 0.8kN/m2

Total

= 4.8kN/m2

0.2*21

=4.2 kN/m2

0.04*20

= 0.8kN/m2

Total

= 5 kN/m2

0.2*16

=3.2 kN/m2

0.04*20

= 0.8kN/m2

Total

= 4.0kN/m2

0.1*21

=2.1 kN/m2

0.04*20

= 0.8kN/m2

Total

= 2.9kN/m2

20mm thk)

Internal 200mm thick Solid Block wall

i)
ii)

Solid block Wall

Plastering (40mm thk)

Internal 200mm hollow Block wall

3

i)
ii)

Hollow block Wall

Plastering (40mm thk)

Internal 100mm thick Solid Block wall

i)
ii)

Solid block Wall

Plastering (40mm thk)

Masonry Loads in main building fire pump room, Security room & other structures.

3.2 LIVE LOADS

Live loads shall be considered as per BS6399 and or manufacturers specification
whichever is stringent. Unless otherwise specified the following loads are

considered for the civil design of all the related structures.

3.2.1 Roof Loads
2.5kN/m2

Accessible roof
Inaccessible roof&

1.50 kN/m2
IDT & ET roof truss
Equipment Loads on roof (Which ever Minimum 5kN/m2

or

As

per

is greater).
Manufacturers Specification.
Additional loads on platform next to 5kN/m2
equipment lifting openings
3.2.2 First Floor Loads

Battery room, Nitrogen room, Control

&Protection room, LVAC Room,
10.0 kN/m2 or as per manufacturers

Telecom Room, Charger room,

Corridor,HVAC Shaft & Off

specification, whichever is greater

LoadingPlatform. (Including the Self

Weight of raised floor)

5.0 kN/m2

Live load in Cable riser & cable shaft.

3.2.3 Ground Floor Loads

11kV Switchgear rooms
(Including cable tray load).
.4

132kV GIS Room & offloading

Platforms (Including cable tray load).
Stairs, Platforms, walkways,
Chequered plate,water tanks & grating

15.0 kN/m2 or as per manufacturers

specification, whichever is greater
15.0 kN/m2 or as per manufacturers
specification, whichever is greater
5.00 kN/m2

covers.
Capacitor Bank Room

10.0kN/m2 or as per manufacturers

Security room, toilet area

5.0 kN/m2

Fire Pump room.

10.0 kN/m2

Indoor R.C covers

10.0 KN/m2

Outdoor R.C covers

33.33kN/m2

or

100

load,whichever is critical.

KN

Point

3.2

Basement Loads
Cable spreader room

5.0 kN/m2

IDT & Reactor Compound

As per manufacturers Specification.

Earthing Transformer Compound

As per manufacturers Specification.
IDT /Reactor/ET other than the plinth 10.0 kN/m2
portion
3.3 SURCHARGE LOADS
Surcharge load due to SLW60 (as per DIN 1072) wheel load shall be considered in
the analysis & design of all underground structure for the vehicular traffic in the
vicinity of the structure subject to minimum of 33.33kN/m 2 for underground
structures located other than vehicular traffic area shall be subjected to 20.00kN/m 2
and the wheel load of 100 kN shall be distributed over a contact are of 0.3*0.3 m
with an impact factor of 1.25 (as per DIN 1072). Surcharge loads are considered as
a live load.
3.4 EARTH PRESSURE
Lateral earth pressure on basements walls and tanks etc. shall be calculated using
coefficient of earth pressure at rest. Earth pressure for cantilever walls of cable
trenches will be calculated based on active earth pressure.
Unit weight of soil and water shall be considered in the design as shown below.
Unit Weight of Soil

18.0 kN/m3

Unit Weight of Water

10.0 kN/m3

The effect of ground water table on the structure will be considered if any. All
hydrostatic & Earth pressure forces will be treated as Dead Load (permanent).
3.5

CRANE LOADS (Refer Cl 7.0 o f BS 2573 Part I)

a. For loads acting vertically, the maximum static wheel loads shall be increased by
25% for electrically operated crane or 10% for a hand-operated crane.
b. For the horizontal forces acting transverse to the rails the following percentage
of the combined weight of the crab and the load lifted shall be considered:
10% for an electrically operated crane and 5% for a hand-operated crane.
c. For horizontal force acting along the rails, 5% of the static wheel load.
d. The crane load is considered from the manufacturer data (or) an electrically

operated crane of 5 ton capacity ,which one is higher will be considered in the
132 kV GIS room.
e. I-beam supporting the 2T Capacity monorail in the Fire pump room and Off
loading platform area of Main building shall be calculated and designed for the
specified load.
3.6 WIND LOADS
Wind loads are calculated in accordance with British Standard BS - 6399 Part 2
(Amendment 2002 )
Site wind speed, Vs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp
Where,
Basic wind Speed,Vb

= 45 m/sec (As per specifications)

Altitude factorSa

= 1 + 0.001 Ds

Site altitude from Mean sea levelDs

= 5.0

Direction factor, Sd

= 1.0

Seasonal factor,Ss

= 1.0

Probability factor, Sp

= 1.0

Effective Wind speed Ve

= Vs x Sb

(Sb - Terrain and building factor obtained from section 2.2.3.3)

Dynamic wind pressure

qs = 0.613 Ve2

Net Wind Load,

p = pe pi

(For enclosed building)

qsCpCa (for free standing canopy)

External surface pressures,

pe =

qsCpeCa

Internal surface pressures,

pi =

qsCpiCa

Cpe = External pressure co-efficient for building surfaces given sec 2.4 and 2.5
Cpi = Internal pressure co-efficient for building surfaces given sec 2.6
Cp = Net pressure co-efficient for the canopy surface or element given in 2.5.9&2.7
Ca = Size effect factor for external/internal pressure sec 2.1.3.4
The Allowable drift against wind shall be maximum height/500
3.7 SEISMIC LOADS
Seismic forces are calculated in accordance with UBC-97, the following factors
shall be applied.

Soil profile type C (As per approved soil report)

W is total seismic dead load of the structure as defined in section 1630.1.1
Cv is the seismic coefficient.
Zone 2A: Z = 0.15
Seismic coeficients Ca =0.18 &Cv = 0.25
Soil type & parameters (as per approved soil report)
I is the Importance Factor
I = 1.00 (Table 16K).
T is the Fundamental Period of Vibration, in Seconds, of the structure.
T = Ct x (h) , with
Ct

= 0.0731 for Reinforced Moment Resisting Frames and Eccentrically

BracedFrames.
= 0.0853 for Structural Steel Frames.

h = Height to Top of Building from Base Level.

T = 0.0731 (h)
R is Numerical Coefficient representative of the Inherent over Strength and Global
Ductility Capacity of Lateral-Force-Resisting Systems
R = 5.5 for Intermediate Moment Resisting Concrete Frames (Table 16-N)

DesignBase Shear

But,

V=

CV x I x W
RXT

V=

V=

CV x I x W
RXT

V=

0.045 W
T

V max =

2.5 x C a x I x W
R

0.25 x 1.00 x W
5.5 x T

V max =

2.5 x C a x I x W
R

V=

2.5 x C a x I x W
R

V max =

2.5 x C a x I x W ,
R
V max =

V max =

2.5 x 0.18 x 1.0 x W

5.5

V max =

2.5 x 0.18 x 1.00 x W

5.5

2.5 x 0.18 x 1.0 x W

5.5
V max =0.08 W

Also,
V min =0.11 x C a x I x W , V min =0.11 x 0.18 x 1.00 x W
V min =0.020 W
The Earthquake Load E, on an element of the structure resulting from combination
of the horizontal component Eh, and Vertical Component Ev,
E=r x Eh + E v
Where, Eh = the earthquake load due to base shear V. Eh shall be evaluated to
provide an equivalent service load for use in BS-8110 system of calculations
Eh=

0.0327 x W
T
Eh=

Eh=

0.1818 xCvx W 1.1

x
T
1.4

0.045 x W 1.1
x
T
1.4

0.0327 x W 1.1
0.0327 x W 1.1
1.1
x
V=
x
T
1.4
T
1.4
1.4
0.035 W
Eh=
T
Ev = The Load Effect resulting from the Vertical Component of the earthquake
Eh=

Ground Motion.
Ev =0.5 x C a x I x D x

Ev =0.0707 D
r = 1 (Reliability / Redundancy factor.)

1.1
1.4

D = Dead Load
Base shear thus obtained will be distributed at different floor levels as lateral loads
in mutually perpendicular directions.
i. Lateral loads acting in global X- direction
ii.Lateral loads acting in global Z- direction
Note:
Seismic forces will be calculated by ETABS Program either by UBC or 0.07g
whichever is greater. The base shear for wind load and seismic load should be
calculated and the design shall be carried out for the governing load case.
3.8 BLAST LOADS
Transformer, Reactor bay walls will be checked for 5kN/m 2 Blast pressure shall be
considered as acting inside one transformer room only in one moment.
4.0

METHOD OF ANALYSIS & DESIGN

Analysis shall be performed using a 3 dimensional structural analysis software
that takes care of all aspects of designing like model development,analysis,
verification and visualization. ETAB'S ,STAAD PRO ,SAFE and SAP are to be
mentioned in the calculations. Input data for the beams and columns are to be
defined as frames members, slabs as membrane, walls as shells and the connection
at the base level as fixed. Raft will be designed by exporting all reactions from
ETABS and defining the subgrade modulus as per soil report. In STAAD PRO
an integrate Model can be directly designed.

4.1 RESULTS
All computer generated results such as member forces ,support reactions,
displacements and graphical output of analysis such as bending moment, shear force
diagram, displacement to substantiate the numerical output to be checked.

5.0

DESIGN
5.1 CONCRETE WORKS
5.1.1 Materials
Cement
The cement type for super-structure and sub-structure shall be as per soil report and
the mix design must be as per Dubai Municipality green building requirements.
Coefficient of thermal expansion of
Concrete is 14.5 x (10^-6/(m k))
Concrete
The concrete grade used in the various works shall be as follows:
All structural concrete:
Grade C40 with 20 mm downgraded coarse aggregates for design
Grade C40 with 20 mm downgraded coarse aggregates for construction
Compressive strength of Concrete at 28 days = 40 N/mm2
Precast Concrete:
Grade C40 with 20 mm downgraded coarse aggregates
Compressive strength of Concrete at 28 days = 40 N/mm2
Blinding & Plain cement concrete: Grade C20 with 20mm down graded
coarse aggregates.
Compressive strength at 28 days = 20 N/mm2
Minimum Blinding thickness to be 75mm
a) Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement shall be deformed, type 2, complying with BS 4449. For design,
the specified characteristic strength considered will be as follows:
Grade of steel

Characteristic strength (N/mm2)

Grade 250

: 250

Grade 460

: 460

Diameter of reinforcement
Bar used shall be

: 8, 10, 12,16,20,25& 32.

The Epoxy coated reinforcement & its relevant parameters shall be as per ASTM
A775/ A775M

b) Welded wire mesh Steel fabric reinforcement will comply with BS 4483. The
preferred range of designated fabric types will be as per table 1 of BS 4483.
c) Material strength & allowable stresses as per BS 8110 Part I & II
For C40 Concrete (For Design purpose):
E Concrete

: 28kN/mm2

E Steel

: 200 kN/mm2

fcu

: C40 (40N/mm2)

fy

: 460 N/mm2

Poissons ratio

: 0.2

* Note: Steel conforming to BS 4449.

Shear stress (BS 8110 Part I clause 3.5.5.2)
Maximum shear stress at any section shall not exceed 0.8 x f cu or 5 N/mm2
whichever is lesser.
For C40: 0.8 x 40 = 5.05 N/mm2 or 5 N/mm2 (Which ever is less )
Hence maximum shear stress is 5N/mm2.
Design ultimate bond stress (BS 8110 Part I table 3.26)
For bars in tension

: 0.50 x 40
: 3.16 N/mm2

For bars in compression

: 0.63 x 40
: 3.98N/mm2

Bearing stress inside bends (BS 8110 Part 1 tabe 3.12.8.25.2)

The design bearing stress shall be calculated as given below: Bearing stress

(Fbt/ r ) [2 fcu/ (1+2( /ab)]

5.1.2 Loads
Various loads to be considered for design shall be as indicated in item 3.0 of this
design criterion.
5.1.3 Load combinations(BS 8110-part-1 & UBC-97)
The following loading combinations shall be considered to

determine

the

maximum stress condition on the structural member. Wind and Seismic loads are
considered not to occur simultaneously.
Seismic load (the mass on which the seismic acceleration is acting) shall be
calculated using the complete weight of the all structural and permanent elements of

the structure, along with all equipment weights (Live load)

Load abbreviations:
DL : Dead Load
LL: Live Load
WL: Wind Load
CL: Crane Load
SP: Soil Pressure
EPS: Earth pressure surcharge.
EL: Earth quake load
Load combinations for the ultimate Limit state (ULS)
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 EPS
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 EPS +1.0 Blast load
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 Crane (V*)
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 Crane (H*)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.6 LL+ 1.6 EPS + 1.0 Blast load
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP +1.4 Crane (V) + 1.4 Crane (H)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.4 LL+ 1.4 EPS + 1.4 Crane (V)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 EPS + 1.2 Crane (H)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 EPS + 1.2 Crane (V) + 1.2 Crane (H)
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.2 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.2 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 SP + 1.2 EPS + 1.2 WL+/-X
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 SP + 1.2EPS + 1.2 WL+/-Z
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL X+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL X-Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL Z+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL Z-Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL X+Ve + 1.6 SP

1.09 DL + 1.1 EL X-Ve + 1.6 SP

1.09 DL + 1.1 EL Z+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL Z-Ve + 1.6 SP
Note : In Seismic load combinations dead load factor as per approved soil
report.
As per UBC-97(Section 1630)
Ev = (0.5*Ca*I*D)

= 0.5*0.18*1*D

(Ca =0.18 as per approved soil report)

= 0.09 DL
(For dead and EL combinations) :
UBC Dead load factor = 1.2 DL
Dead load factor

= (1.2+0.09)*1.1 = 1.42 DL (1.1 multiplied as per UBC

1612.2)
UBC Dead load factor = 0.9DL
Dead load factor

= (0.9+0.09)*1.1 = 1.09 DL (1.1 multiplied as per UBC

1612.2)
Load combinations for the Service (SLS)
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS +1.0 Blast load
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 Crane (V*)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 Crane (H*)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Blast load
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP +1.0 Crane (V) + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (V)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (V) + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS + 1.0 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 SP + 1.0EPS + 1.0 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL X+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL X-Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL Z+Ve + 1.0 SP

1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL Z-Ve + 1.0 SP

1.0 DL + 0.72 EL X+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL X-Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL Z+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL Z-Ve + 1.0 SP
DL = Dead load , LL = Live load , SP = Soil pressure, EPS = Earth pressure
surcharge
WL = Wind load, EL = Earthquake load
V* = Vertical crane load (Static wheel loads plus and allowance for dynamic effects)
H* = Horizontal Crane Loads
c) Safety factors
Minimum factor of safety for overturning in SLS condition

: 1.5

Minimum factor of safety for sliding in SLS condition

: 1.5

Minimum factor of safety for Flotation in SLS condition

: 1.1

5.1.4 Design
The structure will be designed for Ultimate limit state & Serviceability limit state for
the worst combination of Dead loads, Live loads, Crane loads, Blast loads, Wind
loads and Seismic loads as applicable.
Design of structural elements (i.e. Raft foundation, Slabs, Columns, Beams, RC
Staircase, and Gantry Girder etc) will be performed by using Software, ETABS. &
Excel spread sheets. Manuals are available for inspection / checking.
Allowable crack width adopted for design of surfaces in contact with water or soil is
0.2mm.
5.1.5 Deflection in concrete slabs and beams
Maximum allowable
Code

deflection
Span/250

Comment
For appearance

Span/250 or 20 mm

Damage

to

brittle

non

structural elements. Lesser of

BS8110

two values.
Span/350 or 20 mm

Damage

to

brittle

non

structural elements. Lesser of

two values.

For R.C beams, the span/effective depth ratio shall be as per BS8110-1:1997
Table 3.9 in 3.4.6.3.
For the tension & compression reinforcements the span/effective depth ratio
shall be as per as BS8110-1:1997 clause 3.4.6.4 & 3.46.5
UBC 97-CL-1630.10.2.
Allowable drift is h/40 (fundamental time period is less than 0.7).
&
h/50 (fundamental time period is greater than 0.7).
5.1.6 Clear cover to reinforcement
All members in contact with soil or blinding

75 mm

External columns, beams and walls

50 mm

Internal columns, beams and walls

40 mm

Slab External (Exposed)

40 mm

Slab internal

40 mm

Internal Faces of Basement wall

40 mm

Slab / Pre-cast covers

40 mm

Inner face of the slab & raft

40 mm

Inner faces of the water/liquid retaing structures

50mm

Note*: Cover noted is the outside bar regardless of whether it is main or secondary
reinforcement.
5.1.7 Anchorage lengths & lap lengths
Anchorage length is the additional length of bar required to insert in
another at the junction. Connections transferring stress may be lapped,
welded or joined with mechanical devices. They should be placed, if possible,
away from points of high stress and should preferably be staggered. Laps in
fabric may be layered or nested to maintain the lapped bars in one plane.
The ultimate anchorage bond lengths and lap lengths as multiples of bar size

shall be as indicated in Table 3.27 of BS 8110 Part I.

Concrete strength Class 28/40
Reinforcement Grade 460 Deformed Type-2
Tension Anchorage and Lap length

35 x D

1.4 X Tension lap

49x D

2.0 x Tension lap

70 x D

Compression Anchorage Length

28 x D

Lap length in compression zone

35 x D

a) where a lap occurs at the top of a section as cast and the minimum cover
is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement, the lap length
should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
b) where a lap occurs at the corner of a section and the minimum cover to
either face is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement or,
where the clear distance between adjacent laps is less than 75 mm or six
times the size of the lapped reinforcement, whichever is the greater, the
lap length should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
c) in cases where both conditions a) and b) apply, the lap length should be
increased by a factor of 2.0.
D is the diameter of the reinforcement steel bar& lap location shall be staggered and
shall not be at the same location. The minimum lap should not be less than 50 times
the diameter of the bar.
*****All laps are in staggered*********
5.1.8 Steel fabric Reinforcement
The ultimate anchorage bond lengths as multiples of bar size.
Concrete strength Class 28/40
Reinforcement Grade 460 Deformed Type-2
Tension Anchorage and Lap length

27 x D

1.4 X Tension lap

38x D

2.0 x Tension lap

54 x D

Compression Anchorage Length

22 x D

Lap length in compression zone

27 x D

d) where a lap occurs at the top of a section as cast and the minimum cover
is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement, the lap length
should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
e) where a lap occurs at the corner of a section and the minimum cover to
either face is less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement or,
where the clear distance between adjacent laps is less than 75 mm or six
times the size of the lapped reinforcement, whichever is the greater, the
lap length should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
f) in cases where both conditions a) and b) apply, the lap length should be
increased by a factor of 2.0.
The minimum lap should not be less than 250mm .
*****All laps are in staggered*********
5.2

FOUNDATION
5.2.1

Soil parameters as per Soil Investigation Report.

Shallow raft foundation is proposed for the main building and fire pump room. The
raft is modeled as finite elements using ETABS software structure as a part of the
main building and is supported on Wrinkler springs and spring constant is obtained
by multiplying the area of influence of the element with the modulus of sub grade
reaction provided in the soil investigation report.
The plate stress contour obtained from analysis is used for the design of raft.
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil considered in the design as indicated are as
recommended in Soil Investigation Report. Structural settlement shall not be more
than 25mm for raft foundation as a total settlement and 10mm as a differential
settlement based on soil report.
Note : Bearing pressure and subgrade modulus are as per approved soil report.

S.No Type of Structure

01

Main

Building,

Min. Depth
of
Foundation
lvl (m)
Shunt 4.0

Recommonded
SBC
(kN/Sq.m)

Soil Subgrade
Modulus
(kN/sq.m/m)

280

30000

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15

Reactor, ET Room, Fire

Pump, Fire Water Tank &
IDT Bay
Security Room
Fire Pipe Trenches
Pull Pit 1 to 6
Pull Pit 7 & 10
Pull Pit 8
Pull Pit 9
Pull Pit 11 & 12
Pull Pit 13
SumpPit
Cable Pull Pit
Sewage Manhole
Oil/Water Manhole-1 to 4
Oil/Water Manhole-5 to 7
Boundary Wall

4.0
0.75
2.725
2.0
1.6
1.7
3.0
1.25
4.0
3
2
4.0
2.5
2.0

280
150
225
200
200
200
225
200
280
225
200
280
225
200

30000
18000
25000
22000
22000
22000
25000
22000
30000
25000
22000
30000
25000
22000

The above soil parameters (coefficients at rest, active and passive pressures,
Dry density,and the angle of friction resistance ) are estimated at depth as given
In below table base on the standard penetration test (SPT) values and the
Coefficient of earth pressure is calculated by Rankines method.
5.2.2 Stability
Over all Structural Stability:
The overall structural stability is obtained by limiting the vertical & lateral
deflection at each floor level and the total lateral deflections for the whole structure
for the given worst combination of the loads.
Also the stability against overturning of the structure is obtained by using the

formula given below.

FOS against overturning: Resisting Moment is 1.5 to 2.0 times greater than
Overturning Moment
FO Soverturning =

Mr
1.52.0
Mo

Stability of the foundations:

Raft foundation:
The overall stability of the raft foundation is checked against the total vertical
settlement of the raft for the given worst load combinations, and shall be within the
permissible limits. The maximum base pressure shall be less than the given
permissible bearing pressure.

Isolated foundation & combined footings:

The overall stability of the isolated and combined foundations shall be checked for
the following.
1. Against allowable bearing capacity
2. Resistance against over turning
3. Resistance against Sliding
FOS against overturning = Resisting moment/ overturning moment is greater than
1.5
FOS against sliding

= Resisting Shear/ Sliding Shear Force is greater than 1.5

5.2.3 Expansion joints

This is a movement joint which has complete discontinuity in both reinforcement
and Concrete is intended to accommodate either expansion or contraction
of the structure. The expansion joint is not allowed for 132 kv building and for
boundary wall the expansion joint will be provided at 12m c/c.
5.2.4 Fire resistance
The fire resistance of the reinforcement for all the elements is achieved by
maintaining the clear cover to the reinforcement according to BS 476-20: 1987

5.2.5 Retaining walls

Retaining walls will be designed for the worst combination of earth pressure,
hydrostatic pressure & surcharge as applicable.
5.3

MASONRY
Design of all block work will be carried out in accordance with various provisions
of BS5628.Minimum Characteristic strength of non-load bearing block work will
be 7.0 N/mm2.
The various types of block work walls used shall be as follows:

5.4

S.No Location
1
Internal

Description
200 mm thick single leaf hollow block work

External

250 mm thick thermo blocks

Toilet partition

150 mm thick solid block work

DE

TAILING
Detailing of RCC Elements shall be as per British standards of practice.
Preparation of bar bending schedule will conform to BS: 4466.
5.5

STRUCTURAL STEEL
5.5.1 Materials
BS5950-Part1:2000

Thickness less than Design strength

Grade

or equal to (mm)
16

S275JR

py (N/mm2)
275

40

265

63

255

80

245

100

235

150

225

5.5.2 Moment capacity

The moment capacity of the section is based on the sectional properties of the
member and the slenderness of the section and is calculated as per the provisions of
BS 5950

5.5.3 Maximum slenderness (Refer Cl 4.7.2 of BS 5950 Part-1-1990)

The value of slenderness shall not exceed the following:
a) For Compression members resisting loads other than wind loads

:180

b) For Compression members resisting self-weight and wind loads only

: 250

c) For any member normally acting as tie but subject to reversal of stress
The slenderness limit for main beams &Resulting from the action of wind

: 350

5.5.4 Deflections
The maximum permissible deflections shall be as specified in table 5 of BS5950 and
as given by crane manufacturer, whichever is critical.
a.

Crane girders:
Crane gantry girders vertical deflection

: Span / 600

Crane gantry girders Horizontal deflection

: Span / 500

Crane gantry girders (Mech. Requirement) deflection

: Span / 750

b. Vertical deflection of beams due to imposed load:

Cantilevers

:Length /180

Beam carrying plaster or other brittle finish

: Span / 360

Other beams (except purlins and sheeting rails)

: Span / 200

c. Horizontal deflection of columns due to imposed load

And wind load Single-storey buildings except portalframes

: Height/

300
d. In each story of a building with more than one story (story drift) : height of
story under consideration/300
5.5.5 Loads
Various loads to be considered for design shall be as indicated in item 3.0
5.5.6 Loads Combinations
The load combinations as listed in BS 5950 shall be considered to determine the
maximum stress condition on the structural members.
Load combinations for the ultimate Limit state (ULS)

1.4 DL + 1.6 LL
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 EPS
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 EPS +1.0 Blast load
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 Crane (V*)
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.6 Crane (H*)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.6 LL+ 1.6 EPS + 1.0 Blast load
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP +1.4 Crane (V) + 1.4 Crane (H)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.4 LL+ 1.4 EPS + 1.4 Crane (V)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 EPS + 1.2 Crane (H)
1.2 DL + 1.2 SP + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 EPS + 1.2 Crane (V) + 1.2 Crane (H)
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.4 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.2 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.2 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.4 SP + 1.4 WL+/-Z
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 SP + 1.2 EPS + 1.2 WL+/-X
1.2 DL + 1.2 LL+ 1.2 SP + 1.2EPS + 1.2 WL+/-Z
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL X+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL X-Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL Z+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.42 DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 EL Z-Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL X+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL X-Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL Z+Ve + 1.6 SP
1.09 DL + 1.1 EL Z-Ve + 1.6 SP
Note : In Seismic load combinations dead load factor as per approved soil
report.
As per UBC-97(Section 1630)
Ev = (0.5*Ca*I*D) = 0.5*0.18*1*D (Ca =0.18, as per approved soil report)
= 0.09DL
(For dead and EL combinations) :
UBC Dead load factor

= 1.2 DL

Dead load factor

= (1.2+0.09)*1.1 = 1.42 DL (1.1 multiplied as per UBC

1612.2)
UBC Dead load factor
Dead load factor

= 0.9DL
= (0.9+0.09)*1.1 = 1.09 DL (1.1 multiplied as per UBC

1612.2)
Load combinations for the Service (SLS)
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS +1.0 Blast load
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 Crane (V*)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 Crane (H*)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Blast load
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP +1.0 Crane (V) + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (V)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 EPS + 1.0 Crane (V) + 1.0 Crane (H)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.0 SP + 1.0 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 SP + 1.0 EPS + 1.0 WL+/-X
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL+ 1.0 SP + 1.0EPS + 1.0 WL+/-Z
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL X+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL X-Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL Z+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 0.72 EL Z-Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL X+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL X-Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL Z+Ve + 1.0 SP
1.0 DL + 0.72 EL Z-Ve + 1.0 SP
DL = Dead load , LL = Live load , SP = Soil pressure, EPS = Earth pressure
surcharge
WL = Wind load, EL = Earthquake load
V* = Vertical crane load (Static wheel loads plus and allowance for dynamic effects)
H* = Horizontal Crane Loads

5.5.7 Connections:
All the Braced, Splice, shear and moment connection for the structural elements
shall be designed for the all possible worst load combinations as per BS5950.
5.5.7.1 Ordinary bolts:
Ordinary bolts shall conform to various provisions of BS 3692 & BS 4190
Minimum number of bolts at any joint should be two
Shear capacity:
Shear capacity, Ps

= ps As (Refer cl 6.3.2 of BS 5950)

Where ps

=Shear strength,

As

= Shear area

Bearing capacity:
The bearing capacity of bolt
Where,

Pbb

= d t pbb (Refer Cl 6.3.3.2 of BS 5950)

= nominal diameter,

= thickness of the connected plate

pbb= bearing strength of bolt

Capacity of connected plate:
Bearing capacity
P bs= dtpbs 0.5 e t pbs (Refer Cl 6.3.3.3 of BS 5950)
Where,pbs= Bearing strength of the connected parts.
d = nominal diameter of bolt.
e = edge distance
t = thickness of plate
Tension capacity :
Pt= pt At
Where, pt = Tensile strength;
At = Tensile stress area
Combined shear and tension:
Fs / Ps + Ft / Pt

1.4 (Refer Cl 6.3.4.4 BS 5950 Part-1 2000)

Where,Fs = applied shear

Ft= applied tension
Ps= shear capacity
Pt = tension capacity

Strength of bolts: (Refer Table 30, 31 and 34 of BS 5950)

Other grades of bolts
Bolt Grade

Gr4.6 N/mm2 Gr8.8 N/mm2

Shear strength, ps
160
Bearing strength, 460

N/mm2
(Ut1000N/mm2)
0.40 Uf
0.70 ( Uf + Yf )

375
1000

Pbb
Tension strength, pt 240
560
0.7 Uf but Yf
Where, Yf = Specified minimum yield strength of the bolts
Uf= Specified minimum ultimate tensile strength of the bolts
Note: Bearing strength of connected parts for ordinary bolts in clearance holes,
Bearing Strength pbs of connected plates:
(Refer Table 32 of BS 5950-2000)
Steel Grade
S 275
S 355
S 460
Other grades

Bearing Strength pbs N/mm2

460
550
670
0.67(US + YS)

Us = specified minimum tensile strength of the steel.

Ys = Specifiedminimum Yield strength of Steel
5.5.7.2 Welding
Minimum size of weld shallbe 6mm.
Fillet welds
The design strength of fillet weld shall be as follows: (Refer Table 37 of BS 5950)
Steel
Grad
e
S275
S355
S460

Electrode Classification
35 N/mm2
42 N/mm2

50 N/mm2

220
220b
220b

220a
250a
280

220a
250
250b

Other types

0.5 Ue but 0.55 Us

Where,Ue = Minimum Tensile Strength of the electrode based on all weld

tensile tests specified in BS 709
Us = Specified Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength of the Parent metal
a = Over- matching electrodes

b = under - matching electrodes. Not to be used partial penetration butt weld.

Design rules for fillet welds (Refer Clause 6.8 of BS 5950)
The vector sum of the design stress due to all forces and moments transmitted by
the weld should not exceed the design strength. The design stress in a fillet weld
should

be calculated on a thickness equal to the effective throat size.

Design strength of butt welds (Refer Clause 6.9 of BS 5950)

The design strength of a full or partial penetration butt weld should be taken as equal
to that of the Parent material.
5.8. Minimum Thickness
The minimum thickness for the structural members of the Roof Truss shall be 6mm
and the Gusset plates connecting the structural members shall have minimum 8mm
thickness.

6.0

DRAINAGE & PLUMBING

The various systems identified for the project is as follows:
6.1 Foul Water drainage system:
The foul water drainage system shall be designed based on DEWA specifications
and Dubai Muncipality guidelines as applicable. Foul water from gate house
shall be connected to drainage & drainage pipe sizes, material Shall be based
on DM guide lines. All drainage Man holes shall be protected with 2 coats
of water proofing paint and protection board & screed as per DEWA requirement.
6.2 Storm Water drainage system:
The storm water drainage system shall be designed based on DEWA specification
and Dubai Muncipality guidelines as applicable. Availability of storm
water network shall be checked with developer and if the network is available,
storm water shall be connected to storm water network otherwise soak
aways shall be provided based on rain water and percolation test. The rooms

provided with fixed Spray system shall be connected via storm water pipe to storm
water drainage system. The rooms shall be sloped towards collection point
where storm water pipe with floor tarp shall be provided. Basement drainage
shall be connected to storm water drainage network via submersible pumps.
Capacity of the pumps and type of the pumps shall be as per DEWA Specification.
fire pipe trench shall be provided with independent soak away.
6.3 Oil water drainage system:
The oil water from main transformer rooms, Earthing transformer rooms
shall be mobilized to vehicular tank trucks via pipe and manhole network.
Fire pump house Diesel tank drainage system shall be connected to oil man holes
fire pump Deluge spray system drain shall be connected to storm water network.
6.4 The potable indoor water drainage system:
Potable water layout & arrangement shall be as per approved drawings.
Transfer pumps shall be provided for lifting potable water from ground water
tank to roof storage tank and shall be considered for lifting water to overhead fire
water tanks.

6.5 Battery room chemical discharge:

Chemical discharge from the battery room will be lead to neutralization pit.
Manholes will be provided at every change of alignment (or) gradient (or) at every
15 m Maximum in straight run.
7.0

Internal Road and Pavement Works:

Roads, Parking, Paving and

surfacing within the substation
compound shall be with the
interlocking

type.

All

the

Pavement works shall be with

80

mm

thick

interlocking

tile

heavy
with

duty
the

approved design layout over 50

mm compacted sand below
which

the

0.5

mm

thick

polythene shall be laid 300 mm

thick crushed aggregate having
CBR value 80 % shall be laid
over another layer sub grade
with CBR (250 mm thk) 15 %
compacted to 100 %Standard
precast curbstones shall be
placed all along the pavements
for the protection of the edges.
8.

Waterproofing
Water proofing details will be as per DEWA specification Revision-14

9.

Road base
Provide one layer of road base material (each 200mm thick) below the All
foundations compacted to 98% Maximum Dry Density (MDD).

10.

Boundary Wall
If road is within 2 m from compound wall then, Surcharge of SLW 60 as
DIN 1072 will be considered in the analysis & design subject to minimum of 33.3
kN/m. The analysis and design will be carried out for the worst combination of

earth pressure & surcharge. Passive resistance of soil inside the plot will be
considered as applicable.
Expansion joint shall be provided at columns after approximately 3 span
(considering each span of 3m). Height of boundary wall above finished pavement
level to be as per approved drawing. The minimum required degree of compaction
shall be, tested according to modified proctor density: 98% for embankment areas.
The height of the boundary wall shall be 3000mm measured from the finished
placed level inside the substation.

SOIL REPORT EXCRATS